Haiti health initiative final style guide victoria candland by Tori

Haiti

Health

Initiative

In-House Style Guide

By Victoria Candland Updated January 10, 2012

,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ /ŶͲ,ŽƵƐĞ ^ƚǇůĞ 'ƵŝĚĞ

+DLWL +HDOWK ,QLWLDWLYH WKH ,QLWLDWLYH LV D KXPDQLWDULDQ DQG QRQ SUR¿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¶V IRXQGLQJ )RU PRUH LQIRUPDWLRQ JR WR ZZZ KDLWLKHDOWKLQLWLDWLYH RUJ. +DLWL +HDOWK ,QLWLDWLYH¶V LQ KRXVH VW\OH JXLGH ZLOO JHQHUDOO\ IROORZ WKH VW\OH VXJJHVWLRQV IRXQG LQ The Chicago Manual of Style EXW ZLOO GHYLDWH DQG EH XQLTXH LQ FHUWDLQ ZD\V $OWKRXJK WKLV VW\OH JXLGH DGKHUHV to many recommendations in Chicago LW GRHV QRW IROORZ LWV QXPEHULQJ 7KH JXLGHOLQHV HVWDEOLVKHG LQ WKLV LQ KRXVH VW\OH JXLGH DUH LQWHQGHG WR IRVWHU FODULW\ DQG FRQVLVWHQF\ LQ HYHU\WKLQJ WKH RUJDQL]DWLRQ ZULWHV DQG XOWLPDWHO\ SXEOLVKHV 7KLV JXLGH LV LQWHQGHG IRU D JOREDO DXGLHQFH DQG ZLOO XVH WHFKQLTXHV RI JORE- DO (QJOLVK SUHVHQWHG LQ -RKQ 5 .RKO¶V ERRN The Global English Style Guide: Writing Clear, Translatable Documentation for a Global Market (2008, SAS Press: Cary, North Carolina, ISBN 978-1-59994-657-3). 7KLV LQFOXVLRQ RI .RKO EHQH¿WV WKH ,QLWLDWLYH VLQFH LWV HIIRUWV DQG ZULWLQJV UHDFK PXOWLSOH FRXQWULHV PRVW SDUWLFXODUO\ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV DQG +DLWL 7KLV VW\OH JXLGH LV QRW DOO LQFOXVLYH²UDWKHU LW ZLOO RQO\ LQFUHDVH FRQ- VLVWHQF\ UHJDUGLQJ GHFLVLRQV WKDW GHYLDWH IURP Chicago, and some decisions that are particular to the Initiative.

dĂďůĞ ŽĨ ŽŶƚĞŶƚƐ *OREDO (QJOLVK *UDPPDU DQG 8VDJH 3 Names and Terms 1XPEHUV 'DWHV 6 Punctuation

1 Global English 1.1 Limit Sentence Length 6KRUW VHQWHQFHV DUH OHVV OLNHO\ WR LQFOXGH DPELJXLWLHV RU WR FRQIXVH WKH UHDGHU WKDQ ORQJHU VHQWHQFHV /RQJ VHQWHQFHV IUXVWUDWH WUDQVODWLRQ DQG UHGXFH UHDGDELOLW\ .RKO UHFRPPHQGV WKDW VHQWHQFHV ZLWK SURFHGXUDO LQIRUPDWLRQ VKRXOG KDYH D ZRUG OLPLW RI WZHQW\ WR WZHQW\ ¿YH ZRUGV )RU VHQWHQFHV RI FRQFHSWXDO LQIRUPDWLRQ WKH ZRUG OLPLW VKRXOG EH WZHQW\ ¿YH WR WKLUW\ Example: ƚ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ƚǁŽ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͕ ^ĐŚŽŽů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂŶĚ ƟŶĐĞůůĞ ĚĞ WůĂƚŽŶ͕ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ ƚŽŽŬ ƉůĂĐĞ ŝŶ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů ĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵƐ͘ In those classrooms͕ ƐŚŽƌƚ ŵŝŶŝͲůĞƐƐŽŶƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƚĂŝůŽƌĞĚ ƚŽ ƟŵĞ ĂůůŽƚŵĞŶƚ͕ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ ĂŐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŵĂƚƵƌŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵ͘

127 ƚ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ƚǁŽ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͕ ^ĐŚŽŽů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂŶĚ ƟŶĐĞůůĞ ĚĞ WůĂƚŽŶ͕ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ ƚŽŽŬ ƉůĂĐĞ ŝŶ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů ĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵƐ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƐŚŽƌƚ ŵŝŶŝͲůĞƐƐŽŶƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƚĂŝůŽƌĞĚ ƚŽ ƟŵĞ ĂůůŽƚŵĞŶƚ͕ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ ĂŐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŵĂƚƵƌŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵ͘

1.2 >ĂƟŶ ďďƌĞǀŝĂƟŽŶƐ 2QH ZD\ WR IRVWHU JUHDWHU JOREDO FRPPXQLFDWLRQ LV WR HOLPLQDWH WKH XVH RI /DWLQ DEEUHYLDWLRQV VXFK DV etc. Not DOO (QJOLVK VSHDNHUV XVH etc. WKHUHIRUH LW LV EHWWHU WR VXEVWLWXWH LW ZLWK ZRUGV PRUH ZLGHO\ XQGHUVWRRG OLNH and the like, and so on 2WKHU /DWLQ DEEUHYLDWLRQV WR DYRLG DUH e.g. and i.e ,QVWHDG RI XVLQJ e.g., use for example. ,QVWHDG RI XVLQJ i.e., use that is. Example: ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚ ƚŽŽůƐ ĨŽƌ ƚĞĞƚŚ ĐůĞĂŶŝŶŐ͕ ĞǇĞƐŝŐŚƚ ƚĞƐƟŶŐ͕ ĂŶĞŵŝĂ ƚĞƐƟŶŐ͕ and so on.

127 ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚ ƚŽŽůƐ ĨŽƌ ƚĞĞƚŚ ĐůĞĂŶŝŶŐ͕ ĞǇĞƐŝŐŚƚ ƚĞƐƟŶŐ͕ ĂŶĞŵŝĂ ƚĞƐƟŶŐ͕ etc.

Example: ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ŚĞůƉĞĚ Ă ůŽƚ ŽĨ ůŽĐĂůƐ ŽĨ dŝŵŽ͖ for example͕ ǁĞ ŚĞůƉĞĚ ďĞƩĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ dŝŵŽ ďǇ ƉůĂŶƟŶŐ ŐĂƌĚĞŶƐ͘

127 ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ŚĞůƉĞĚ Ă ůŽƚ ŽĨ ůŽĐĂůƐ ŽĨ dŝŵŽ ;e.g.͕ ƉůĂŶƟŶŐ ŐĂƌĚĞŶƐ͘Ϳ

Example: dŚĞ ĚĞŶƚĂů ŚǇŐŝĞŶŝƐƚƐ ŚĞůƉĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĚĞŶƟƐƚƐ͖ that is͕ ƚŚĞǇ ŚĞůƉĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĚĞŶƟƐƚƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ůĞƚ ƚŚĞ ĚĞŶƟƐƚƐ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƌĞ ĂĚǀĂŶĐĞĚ ĚĞŶƚĂů ƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ͘

127 dŚĞ ĚĞŶƚĂů ŚǇŐŝĞŶŝƐƚƐ ŚĞůƉĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĚĞŶƟƐƚƐ͖ i.e.͕ ƚŚĞǇ ŚĞůƉĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĚĞŶƟƐƚƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ůĞƚ ƚŚĞ ĚĞŶƟƐƚƐ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƌĞ ĂĚǀĂŶĐĞĚ ĚĞŶƚĂů ƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ͘

1.3 ĚũĞĐƟǀĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ &ŽůůŽǁ EŽƵŶƐ $GMHFWLYHV WKDW IROORZ QRXQV WHQG WR PDNH V\QWD[ ZRUGLHU WKDQ QHFHVVDU\ 7KLV FRQVWUXFWLRQ VKRXOG EH DYRLGHG ,QVWHDG FRQVLGHU H[SDQGLQJ WKH DGMHFWLYH LQWR D UHODWLYH FODXVH RU D V\QWDFWLF FXH Example: ,ĂŝƟĂŶ ǁŽŵĞŶ who ǁĞƌĞ ŽůĚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ĮŌǇ ǁĞƌĞ ƚĞƐƚĞĚ ĨŽƌ ŐůĂƵĐŽŵĂ ;ĂŶ ĞǇĞ ĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ ĂīĞĐƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞ ŽĨ ŇƵŝĚ ƐƵƌͲ ƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĞǇĞͿ͘

127 ,ĂŝƟ ǁŽŵĞŶ older ƚŚĂŶ ĮŌǇ ǁĞƌĞ ƚĞƐƚĞĚ ĨŽƌ ŐůĂƵĐŽŵĂ͘

1.4 hƐĞ ZĞůĂƟǀĞ WƌŽŶŽƵŶƐ ŝŶ ZĞůĂƟǀĞ ůĂƵƐĞƐ ,Q (QJOLVK VRPHWLPHV WKH UHODWLYH SURQRXQ FDQ EH RPLWWHG +RZHYHU LQ *OREDO (QJOLVK \RX VKRXOG almost always include these relative pronouns, such as that and which WR PDNH WKH VHQWHQFH VWUXFWXUH explicit. Example: dŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƚƵďĞƐ that ƚŚĞ ƚĞĂŵ ĐůĞĂŶĞĚ ĂŶĚ ŵĞŶĚĞĚ ŚĂĚ ĂŶ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ ĂŵŽƵŶƚ ŽĨ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŇŽǁ ĂŌĞƌ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƉĂŝƌ͘

127 dŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƚƵďĞƐ the ƚĞĂŵ ĐůĞĂŶĞĚ ĂŶĚ ŵĞŶĚĞĚ ŚĂĚ ĂŶ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ ĂŵŽƵŶƚ ŽĨ ǁĂƚĞƌ ŇŽǁ ĂŌĞƌ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƉĂŝƌ͘

2 Grammar and usage Ϯ͘ϭ /ĚŝŽŵƐ %HFDXVH +DLWL +HDOWK ,QLWLDWLYH¶V SXEOLFDWLRQV DUH UHDG E\ SRSXODWLRQV WKDW VSHDN )UHQFK DQG DUH WUDQVODWHG LQWR WKH )UHQFK ODQJXDJH LGLRPV²SKUDVHV ZKRVH PHDQLQJ LV QRW GHULYHG IURP WKH OLWHUDO PHDQLQJ RI WKH ZRUGV DQG GRHV QRW WUDQVODWH IURP (QJOLVK WR RWKHU ODQJXDJHV²VKRXOG QRW EH XVHG Example: dŚĞ ĞǆƚƌĂ ǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌƐ ĐĂŵĞ late ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƚŽŽƚŚďƌƵƐŚŝŶŐ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ĐůĂƐƐ͘

127 dŚĞ ĞǆƚƌĂ ǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌƐ ĐĂŵĞ at the eleventh hour ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƚŽŽƚŚďƌƵƐŚŝŶŐ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ĐůĂƐƐ͘

Ϯ͘Ϯ WƌĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐ ŝŶ >ĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ .RKO LQGLFDWHV WKDW LW LV EHVW WR EH ³ORJLFDO OLWHUDO DQG SUHFLVH LQ \RXU XVH RI ODQJXDJH ´ 3UHFLVLRQ LQVWLJDWHV FODULW\ DQG DQ DOORZDQFH IRU VPRRWK WUDQVODWLRQV IURP (QJOLVK WR RWKHU ODQJXDJHV 7R HQVXUH SUHFLVLRQ DYRLG SRRU ZRUG FKRLFH DQG IDXOW\ ORJLF DV ZHOO DV FROORTXLDOLVPV Example: dŚĞ ůŝƩůĞ ďŽǇ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĂŶŬĨƵů ĨŽƌ the shoes and the treatment ŚĞ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ͘

127 dŚĞ ůŝƩůĞ ďŽǇ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĂŶŬĨƵů ĨŽƌ all the things ŚĞ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ͘

Ϯ͘ϯ hƐĞ ŽĨ dŚŝƐ ĂŶĚ ^ŝŵŝůĂƌ tŽƌĚƐ In most cases, the word this QHHGV WR KDYH D QRXQ DFFRPSDQ\LQJ LW WR DYRLG DPELJXLW\ DQG FRQIXVLRQ Example: ĞĐŬǇ WĂŝŶƚĞƌ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ďǇ DĂƌĐ :ŽŚŶƐŽŶ ƚŽ ŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƚ ƚŚĞ ůĂǇ ŵŝĚǁŝǀĞƐ͘ This curriculum ŚĞůƉĞĚ ƚŚĞ ǁŽŵĞŶ ůĞĂƌŶ ĨĂƐƚĞƌ͘

127 ĞĐŬǇ WĂŝŶƚĞƌ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ďǇ DĂƌĐ :ŽŚŶƐŽŶ ƚŽ ŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƚ ƚŚĞ ůĂǇ ŵŝĚǁŝǀĞƐ͘ This ŚĞůƉĞĚ ƚŚĞ ǁŽŵĞŶ ůĞĂƌŶ ĨĂƐƚĞƌ͘

Ϯ͘ϰ ŽůůŽƋƵŝĂůŝƐŵƐ &ROORTXLDOLVPV VKRXOG EH HOLPLQDWHG LQ RUGHU WR HDVH JOREDO FRPPXQLFDWLRQ &ROORTXLDOLVPV DUH SKUDVHV WKDW DUH DFFHSWHG LQ LQIRUPDO VSHHFK DQG ZULWLQJ EXW DUH QRW DFFHSWHG LQ IRUPDO ZULWLQJ ,QVWHDG XVH SKUDVHV WKDW FDQ EH HDVLO\ WUDQVODWHG LQWR RWKHU ODQJXDJHV Example: ZĞŶĂƵĚ dŚŽŵĂƐ did not have ƟŵĞ ƚŽ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ͘

127 ZĞŶĂƵĚ dŚŽŵĂƐ ran out of ƟŵĞ ĂŶĚ ĚŝĚ ŶŽƚ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ͘

Ϯ͘ϱ WĂƌĂůůĞůŝƐŵƐ $OO VHQWHQFHV QHHG WR IROORZ SDUDOOHO VWUXFWXUH WR HQVXUH FOHDU FRPPXQLFDWLRQ HVSHFLDOO\ IRU QRQ QDWLYH (QJOLVK VSHDNHUV ,Q D VHQWHQFH RU D OLVW DOO WKH LWHPV QHHG WR EHORQJ WR WKH VDPH FDWHJRU\ RU SDUW RI VSHHFK ZKHWKHU LW¶V a noun or a process. Example: DĂƌĐͲ ƵƌĞů DĂƌƟĂů ƐƵƌǀĞǇĞĚ ƉƌĞŐŶĂŶƚ ,ĂŝƟĂŶ ǁŽŵĞŶ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ health͕ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŵĂƚǁŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ previous pregnancies͘

127 DĂƌĐͲ ƵƌĞů DĂƌƟĂů ƐƵƌǀĞǇĞĚ ƉƌĞŐŶĂŶƚ ,ĂŝƟĂŶ ǁŽŵĞŶ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ health͕ ŚŽǁ ƚŚĞǇ ĂƌĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŵĂƚǁŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ if they had been ƉƌĞŐŶĂŶƚ ďĞĨŽƌĞ͘

Ϯ͘ϲ tŽƌĚ ŚŽŝĐĞ +DLWL +HDOWK ,QLWLDWLYH ZDQWV WR HQVXUH D KHDOWK\ UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK WKH +DLWLDQ JRYHUQPHQW DQG +DLWLDQ FLWL]HQV LQ JHQHUDO 7KHUHIRUH WKH ZRUGV XVHG WR UHIHU WR +DLWLDQV PXVW QRW KDYH WKH SRWHQWLDO WR RIIHQG DQG PXVW FRQQRWH UHVSHFW 7KH ODQJXDJH XVHG E\ WKH ,QLWLDWLYH GRHV QRW GHPHDQ +DLWLDQV RU VSHFXODWH DERXW WKHP RU LPSO\ WKH ,QLWLDWLYH¶V VXSHULRULW\ EHFDXVH RI DOO WKH KHOS LW KDV JLYHQ WR WKH ORFDOV RI +DLWL :RUGV DQG SKUDVHV PXVW EH VHOHFWHG FDUHIXOO\ 6XFK VSHFXODWLRQV KDYH WKH SRWHQWLDO WR EH RIIHQVLYH )RU H[DPSOH GR QRW UHIHU WR ORFDO Haitians as natives;; use locals instead. Example: / ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐ ƚŚĞ local dŝŵŽ ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ ĞĂƚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĚŽŵĞƐƟĐ ŵĞĂƚƐ ďĞƐŝĚĞƐ ĐŚŝĐŬĞŶ ĂŶĚ ďĞĞĨ͘

127 / ŚĞĂƌĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ŶĂƟǀĞƐ ƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐ eat dog͘

2.7 “/ƚ ŝƐ͟ ^ĞŶƚĞŶĐĞƐ 6HQWHQFHV WKDW EHJLQ ZLWK It is DUH RIWHQ XQFOHDU DQG DPELJXRXV DQG KDUG IRU QRQ QDWLYH (QJOLVK VSHDNHUV WR GHFLSKHU $YRLG XVLQJ WKLV It is FRQVWUXFWLRQ UDWKHU JLYH WKH VHQWHQFH D FOHDU VXEMHFW Example: ,ĂŝƟĂŶƐ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ůĞĂƌŶ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĨŽŽĚ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ ĂŶĚ ǁŚĂƚ ĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƚĞƐ Ă ďĂůĂŶĐĞĚ ŵĞĂů͘

127 It is important for ,ĂŝƟĂŶƐ ƚŽ ůĞĂƌŶ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĨŽŽĚ ĂŶĚ ǁŚĂƚ ĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƚĞƐ Ă ďĂůĂŶĐĞĚ ŵĞĂů͘

Ϯ͘ϴ WƌŽďůĞŵĂƟĐ tŽƌĚƐ ĂŶĚ WŚƌĂƐĞƐ 2IWHQ ZH FRQIXVH WKH PHDQLQJ RI WZR VLPLODU ZRUGV OLNH abjure and adjure DQG IRUJHW WKDW WKHUH LV D GLVWLQFWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKHLU WZR GH¿QLWLRQV VHH Chicago 7KLV LV D EULHI OLVW RI WKH GH¿QLWLRQV RI VRPH ZRUGV SHUWLQHQW WR +DLWL +HDOWK ,QLWLDWLYH DQG LWV SXEOLFDWLRQV ďŝůŝƚǇ͖ ĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇ͖ ĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ďŝůŝƚǇ ƌĞĨĞƌƐ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌƐŽŶ͛Ɛ ƉŚǇƐŝĐĂů Žƌ ŵĞŶƚĂů ƐŬŝůů Žƌ ƉŽǁĞƌ ƚŽ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞ ƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐ͘ ĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƌĞĨĞƌƐ ƚŽ ƉŽǁĞƌ Žƌ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ ŝŶ Ă ďƌŽĂĚĞƌ ƐĞŶƐĞ͘ ĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ƌĞĨĞƌƐ ƚŽ ƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐ͛Ɛ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽ ŚŽůĚ ƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐ͘ ĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ĐĂŶ ĂůƐŽ ďĞ ƵƐĞĚ ĮŐƵƌĂƟǀĞůǇ ƚŽ ƌĞĨĞƌ ƚŽ Ă ƉĞƌƐŽŶ͛Ɛ ŵĞŶƚĂů Žƌ ƉŚǇƐŝĐĂů ƉŽǁĞƌ ƚŽ ůĞĂƌŶ͘ ďŽƵƚ͖ ƉƉƌŽǆŝŵĂƚĞůǇ ďŽƵƚ ŝƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂůůǇ ŵŽƌĞ ĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚ ƚŚĂŶ ĂƉƉƌŽǆŝŵĂƚĞůǇ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞƐ͕ ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ĂƉƉƌŽǆŝŵĂƚĞůǇ ŝƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚ͘ ŚŝĐĂŐŽ ƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƐ ĂǀŽŝĚŝŶŐ ĐŽƵƉůŝŶŐ ĞŝƚŚĞƌ ǁŽƌĚ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ǁŽƌĚ ŽĨ ĂƉƉƌŽǆŝŵĂƟŽŶ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĞƐƟŵĂƚĞ Žƌ ŐƵĞƐƐ͘ ĚĚƵĐĞ͖ ĞĚƵĐĞ͖ /ŶĚƵĐĞ dŽ ĂĚĚƵĐĞ ŝƐ ƚŽ ŐŝǀĞ ĂƐ Ă ƌĞĂƐŽŶ͕ ĐŝƚĞ ĂƐ ĂŶ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ Žƌ ŽīĞƌ ĂƐ ƉƌŽŽĨ͘ dŽ ĚĞĚƵĐĞ ŝƐ ƚŽ ƌĞĂƐŽŶ ĨƌŽŵ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ Žƌ ĚĂƚĂ ƚŽ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ĐŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶƐ͕ Žƌ ƚŽ ĚƌĂǁ Ă ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ĐŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ĨƌŽŵ Ă ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ďĂƐŝƐ͘ dŽ ŝŶĚƵĐĞ ŝƐ ƚŽ ĨŽƌŵ Ă ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͘ /ŶĚƵĐĞ ĐĂŶ ĂůƐŽ ƌĞĨĞƌ ƚŽ Ă ďŝƌƚŚ ĐĂƵƐĞĚ Žƌ ŝŶŝƟĂƚĞĚ ďǇ ĂƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŵĞĂŶƐ͘ ĚĞƋƵĂƚĞ͖ ^ƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ͖ ŶŽƵŐŚ ĚĞƋƵĂƚĞ ƌĞĨĞƌƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐƵŝƚĂďŝůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐ ŝŶ Ă ĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞ͘ ^ƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ ƌĞĨĞƌƐ ƚŽ ĂŶ ĂŵŽƵŶƚ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĞŶŽƵŐŚ ƚŽ ŵĞĞƚ Ă ŶĞĞĚ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŵŽŶĞǇ͘ ŶŽƵŐŚ ŵŽĚŝĮĞƐ ĐŽƵŶƚ ŶŽƵŶƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƉĞŽƉůĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵĂƐƐ ŶŽƵŶƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĨŽŽĚ͘ ŽŵƉƌŝƐĞ͖ ŽŵƉŽƐĞ dŽ ĐŽŵƉƌŝƐĞ ŝƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ŵĂĚĞ ƵƉ ŽĨ͘ dŽ ĐŽŵƉŽƐĞ ŝƐ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ƵƉ Žƌ ĨŽƌŵ ƚŚĞ ƐƵďƐƚĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐ͘ dŚĞ ƉŚƌĂƐĞ ĐŽŵƉƌŝƐĞĚ ŽĨ ŝƐ ƉŽŽƌ ƵƐĂŐĞ͘ /ŶƐƚĞĂĚ ƵƐĞ ĐŽŵƉŽƐĞĚ ŽĨ͕ ĐŽŶƐŝƐƟŶŐ ŽĨ͕ Žƌ ŵĂĚĞ ƵƉ ŽĨ͘ ŝīĞƌĞŶƚ dŚĞ ƉŚƌĂƐŝŶŐ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĨƌŽŵ ŝƐ ƉƌĞĨĞƌĂďůĞ ƚŽ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƚŚĂŶ͕ ďƵƚ ƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚůǇ ƚŚĂŶ ŝƐ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ΂ŶĂƟǀĞ ŶŐůŝƐŚ ƐƉĞĂŬĞƌƐ ǁƌŝƚĞ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚůǇ ƚŚĂŶ ŶŽŶͲŶĂƟǀĞ ŶŐůŝƐŚ ƐƉĞĂŬĞƌƐ΃͘ &ůƵŽƌŝĚĂƚĞĚ͖ &ůƵŽƌŝŶĂƚĞĚ &ůƵŽƌŝĚĂƚĞĚ ƌĞĨĞƌƐ ƚŽ ĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůůǇ ĂĚĚŝŶŐ ŇŽƵƌŝĚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ͘ &ůƵŽƌŝŶĂƚĞĚ ƌĞĨĞƌƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŶĂƚƵƌĂůůǇ ŽĐĐƵƌƌŝŶŐ ŇƵŽƌŝĚĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ͘ ,ĞĂůƚŚǇ͖ ,ĞĂůƚŚĨƵů ,ĞĂůƚŚǇ ƌĞĨĞƌƐ ƚŽ Ă ůŝǀŝŶŐ ƚŚŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ĞŶũŽǇƐ ŐŽŽĚ ŚĞĂůƚŚ͘ ^ŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ŚĞĂůƚŚĨƵů ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƐ ŐŽŽĚ ŚĞĂůƚŚ͘ /Ĩ͖ tŚĞƚŚĞƌ /Ĩ ŝƐ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶĂů͕ ĂŶĚ ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞƐ ĂŶ ĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞ͕ ŽŌĞŶ ŝŶ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ ƚŽ ĂŶ ŝŶĚŝƌĞĐƚ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶ͘

Ϯ͘ϵ tŚŽ sĞƌƐƵƐ tŚŽŵ $FFRUGLQJ WR Chicago 5.220, who LV D QRPLQDWLYH VXEMHFW SURQRXQ XVHG DV WKH VXEMHFW RI D ¿QLWH YHUE VXFK as It was Becky who taught the class DQG D SUHGLFDWLYH QRPLQDWLYH ZKHQ LW IROORZV D OLQNLQJ YHUE VXFK DV It was Becky, that’s who. Whom LV DQ REMHFWLYH REMHFW SURQRXQ WKDW ZRUNV DV WKH REMHFW RI D YHUE VXFK DV Becky learned about the midwives whom she taught RU DV WKH REMHFW RI D SUHSRVLWLRQ VXFK DV The midwife to whom she owes her joy +DLWL +HDOWK ,QLWLDWLYH ZULWHUV DQG HGLWRUV VKRXOG WDNH FDXWLRQ ZKHQ FRQVLGHULQJ WKHVH WZR ZRUGV .HHS LQ PLQG ZKDW WKH who or whom¶V SXUSRVH LV LQ WKH FODXVH ,V LW DFWLQJ DV WKH VXEMHFW RU WKH 7

REMHFW" 8VH who LI LW LV DFWLQJ DV WKH VXEMHFW DQG XVH whom LI LW LV DFWLQJ DV WKH REMHFW Example: /ƚ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƚŚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ĐŚŝůĚ whom DĂƌĐͲ ƵƌĞů ŚĂĚ ŵĞƚ ƚŚƌĞĞ ǇĞĂƌƐ ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐůǇ͘

127 /ƚ ǁĂƐ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƚŚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ĐŚŝůĚ who DĂƌĐͲ ƵƌĞů ŚĂĚ ŵĞƚ ƚŚƌĞĞ ǇĞĂƌƐ ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐůǇ͘

Example: ůŝ ƚŚŽƵŐŚƚ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ whom ƐŚĞ ƚĂƵŐŚƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͘

127 ůŝ ƚŚŽƵŐŚƚ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ who ƐŚĞ ƚĂƵŐŚƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͘

Example: Whom ĚŽĞƐ ƚŚŝƐ ĚĞŶƚĂů ĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ ďĞůŽŶŐ ƚŽ͍ /ƚ ďĞůŽŶŐƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞŵ͘

127 Who ĚŽĞƐ ƚŚŝƐ ĚĞŶƚĂů ĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ ďĞůŽŶŐ ƚŽ͍ /ƚ ďĞůŽŶŐƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞǇ͘

Example: DĂƌĐ :ŽŚŶƐŽŶ ǁĂŶƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƐĞĞ ƚŚĞ Őŝƌů ŚĞ ŵĞƚ ůĂƐƚ ƚƌŝƉ͕ who ŚĞ ǁĂƐ ŚŽƉŝŶŐ ŚĂĚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ŝŶ ĂŶĞŵŝĂ ůĞǀĞůƐ͘

127 DĂƌĐ :ŽŚŶƐŽŶ ǁĂŶƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƐĞĞ ƚŚĞ ůŝƩůĞ Őŝƌů ŚĞ ŵĞƚ ůĂƐƚ ƚƌŝƉ͕ whom ŚĞ ǁĂƐ ŚŽƉŝŶŐ ŚĂĚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ŝŶ ĂŶĞŵŝĂ ůĞǀĞůƐ͘

3 names and terms ϯ͘ϭ ^ƉĞĐŝĂůŝǌĞĚ dĞƌŵƐ 0HGLFDO DJULFXOWXUDO )UHQFK DQG RWKHU VSHFLDOL]HG RU IRUHLJQ WHUPV VKRXOG EH H[SODLQHG ,QFOXGLQJ H[SODQD- WLRQV IRU WKHVH WHUPV DOORZV D PRUH JHQHUDO DXGLHQFH WR XQGHUVWDQG +DLWL +HDOWK ,QLWLDWLYH¶V SXEOLFDWLRQV 7KH H[SODQDWLRQ IRU WKHVH WHUPV VKRXOG EH HQFORVHG LQ SDUHQWKHVHV Example: DĂƩŚĞǁ tĂƚƐŽŶ͕ K ͕ ĂŶĚ WĂƵů ,ƵůĞƚ͕ K ͕ ǁŝůů ĐŚĞĐŬ ĞǇĞ ƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞ ĨŽƌ ŐůĂƵĐŽŵĂ (an eye disease associated with in-‐ ĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ ŇƵŝĚ ƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞǇĞͿ ŽŶ Ăůů ƉĂƟĞŶƚƐ ĨŽƌƚǇ ǇĞĂƌƐ ĂŶĚ ŽůĚĞƌ͘

127 DĂƩŚĞǁ tĂƚƐŽŶ͕ K ͕ ĂŶĚ WĂƵů ,ƵůĞƚ͕ K ͕ ǁŝůů ĐŚĞĐŬ ĞǇĞ ƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞ ĨŽƌ glaucoma ŽŶ Ăůů ƉĂƟĞŶƚƐ ĨŽƌƚǇ ǇĞĂƌƐ ĂŶĚ ŽůĚĞƌ͘

Example: dŚĞ ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƚĞĂŵ ĂĚĚĞĚ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů ƚƵƌŶͲŽƵƚƐ ;ǁĂƚĞƌ ĨĂƵĐĞƚƐͿ ĂŶĚ ŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶ ƉŽŝŶƚƐ ;ǀĂůǀĞƐͿ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ DŝĐŚŽ ƐƉƌŝŶŐ͘

127 dŚĞ ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƚĞĂŵ ĂĚĚĞĚ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů turn-‐outs ĂŶĚ ŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶ ƉŽŝŶƚƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ DŝĐŚŽ ƐƉƌŝŶŐ͘

ϯ͘Ϯ ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ EĂŵĞ 7KH IXOO QDPH RI WKH RUJDQL]DWLRQ +DLWL +HDOWK ,QLWLDWLYH ZLOO EH VSHOOHG RXW LQ LWV ¿UVW DSSHDUDQFH LQ DQ DUWLFOH RU RWKHU IRUP RI WH[W ,Q VXEVHTXHQW DSSHDUDQFHV WKH QDPH ZLOO EH FRQWUDFWHG WR LWV VKRUWHU QDPH WKH ,QLWLDWLYH The the in the Initiative LV RQO\ FDSLWDOL]HG ZKHQ LW LV WKH ¿UVW ZRUG LQ D VHQWHQFH ,Q WKLV VW\OH JXLGH WKH ,QLWLDWLYH LV VSHOOHG RXW LQ LWV ¿UVW RFFXUUHQFH LQ HDFK VXEVHFWLRQ EXW WKH UXOH GRHV QRW DSSO\ WR H[DPSOHV LQ HDFK VXEVHFWLRQ Example: ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĞĚ ĂŶ ĂŶĞŵŝĂ ƐƚƵĚǇ ŽŶ ƉƌĞŐŶĂŶƚ ĂŶĚ ůĂĐƚĂƟŶŐ ǁŽŵĞŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƵŶĚĞƌ ĮǀĞ͘ KǀĞƌ ƚŚĞ ǇĞĂƌƐ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ƐƚƵĚǇ͕ ƚŚĞ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ŚĂƐ ƐĞĞŶ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚŽƐĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ ŐƌŽƵƉƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞŶĚƐ ƚŽ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚǇ ŝŶ ǇĞĂƌƐ ƚŽ ĐŽŵĞ͘

127 ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĞĚ ĂŶ ĂŶĞŵŝĂ ƐƚƵĚǇ ŽŶ ƉƌĞŐŶĂŶƚ ĂŶĚ ůĂĐƚĂƟŶŐ ǁŽŵĞŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƵŶĚĞƌ ĮǀĞ͘ KǀĞƌ ƚŚĞ ǇĞĂƌƐ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ƐƚƵĚǇ͕ ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ŚĂƐ ƐĞĞŶ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚŽƐĞ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁŽƵůĚ ůŝŬĞ ƚŽ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚǇ ŝŶ ǇĞĂƌƐ ƚŽ ĐŽŵĞ͘

ϯ͘ϯ EĂŵĞ ŝŶ WŝĐƚƵƌĞ ĂƉƟŽŶƐ +DLWL +HDOWK ,QLWLDWLYH¶V DEEUHYLDWHG QDPH WKH ,QLWLDWLYH ZLOO EH XVHG LQ SLFWXUH FDSWLRQV Example: ,ĂŝƟĂŶ ďŽǇ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞƐ ĂŝĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌ ůŝ ŽǁĚĞŶ͕ ZE͘

127 ,ĂŝƟĂŶ ďŽǇ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞƐ ĂŝĚ ĨƌŽŵ ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌ ůŝ ŽǁĚĞŶ͕ ZE͘

ϯ͘ϰ EĂŵĞƐ ŽĨ sŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌƐ 7KH QDPHV RI +DLWL +HDOWK ,QLWLDWLYH YROXQWHHUV ZLOO EH VSHOOHG RXW HQWLUHO\ LQ WKHLU ¿UVW DSSHDUDQFH DQG ZLOO EH IROORZHG E\ HDFK SHUVRQ¶V FUHGHQWLDOV 7KH FUHGHQWLDOV DUH VHW RII E\ FRPPDV DQG GR QRW KDYH SHULRGV LQ EHWZHHQ WKH OHWWHUV VHH Chicago $IWHU WKH ¿UVW DSSHDUDQFH HDFK YROXQWHHU ZLOO EH UHIHUUHG WR E\ KLV RU KHU ODVW QDPH 7KH DEEUHYLDWLRQ Dr. PD\ EH LQFOXGHG ZLWK WKH ODVW QDPH LI WKH SHUVRQ KDV D GRFWRUDO GHJUHH VXFK DV 0' RU 3K' RU '13 Example: DĂƌĐ :ŽŚŶƐŽŶ͕ MD͕ ǁĂƐ ŐƌĂƚĞĨƵů ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ ůŽĐĂů ,ĂŝƟĂŶƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ Śŝŵ ŝŶ ƐĞƫŶŐ ƵƉ ƚŚĞ ƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ĐůŝŶŝĐ͘ ,ĂŝƟĂŶ ǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌƐ ǁŽƌŬĞĚ ŚĂƌĚ ĂůŽŶŐƐŝĚĞ Dr. :ŽŚŶƐŽŶ͘

127 Marc Johnson ǁĂƐ ŐƌĂƚĞĨƵů ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ ůŽĐĂů ,ĂŝƟĂŶƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ Śŝŵ ŝŶ ƐĞƫŶŐ ƵƉ ƚŚĞ ƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ĐůŝŶŝĐ͘ ,ĂŝƟĂŶ ǀŽůƵŶƚĞĞƌƐ ǁŽƌŬĞĚ ŚĂƌĚ ĂůŽŶŐƐŝĚĞ Marc Johnson͘

3.5 ĂƉŝƚĂůŝǌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ WŽƐŝƟŽŶƐ $FFRUGLQJ WR Chicago SRVLWLRQV VXFK DV SUHVLGHQW VKRXOG RQO\ EH FDSLWDOL]HG ZKHQ SUHFHGLQJ WKH QDPH RI D SHUVRQ $GGLWLRQDOO\ PHGLFDO WHDPV DQG VWDIIV VKRXOG QRW EH FDSLWDOL]HG Example: WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚ DĂƌƟĂů ŚĞůƉĞĚ ƚŚĞ ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ medical team ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĂŶĞŵŝĂ ƐƚƵĚǇ͘

127 DĂƌĐͲ ƵƌĞů DĂƌƟĂů͕ ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ President͕ ŚĞůƉĞĚ ƚŚĞ ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ Medical Team ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĂŶĞŵŝĂ ƐƚƵĚǇ͘

Example: ĂŶŝĞůůĞ ŽƵĐŚĞǀĞƌ͕ ,,/ shoe project coordinator͕ ƐĂǁ ŵƵĐŚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ŽĨ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘

127 ĂŶŝĞůůĞ ŽƵĐŚĞǀĞƌ͕ ,,/ Shoe Project Coordinator͕ ƐĂǁ ŵƵĐŚ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ŽĨ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘

3.6 &ŽƌĞŝŐŶ dĞƌŵƐ $OO WHUPV LQ D IRUHLJQ ODQJXDJH VKRXOG EH LWDOLFL]HG DQG VKRXOG QRW EH VXUURXQGHG E\ TXRWDWLRQ PDUNV Example: dŚĞ matwons ;ůĂǇ ŵŝĚǁŝǀĞƐͿ ǁĞƌĞ ĞĂŐĞƌ ƚŽ ůĞĂƌŶ͘

127 dŚĞ “matwons” ǁĞƌĞ ĞĂŐĞƌ ƚŽ ůĞĂƌŶ͘

ϯ͘ϳ EĂŵĞƐ ŽĨ >ŽĐĂůƐ $YRLG JHQHUDOL]DWLRQV ZKHQ ZULWLQJ DERXW WKH ORFDOV RI +DLWL ,I \RX DUH VSHFL¿FDOO\ UHIHUULQJ WR 7LPR UHVLGHQWV UHIHU WR WKHP DV 7LPR UHVLGHQWV RU ORFDOV RI 7LPR +DLWL +HDOWK ,QLWLDWLYH ZDQWV WR DYRLG JHQHUDOL]DWLRQV DERXW WKH +DLWLDQ SHRSOH HVSHFLDOO\ VLQFH WKH 7LPR UHVLGHQWV¶ GLHW FXOWXUH DQG RWKHU HOHPHQWV GLIIHU IURP VRPH RWKHU places in Haiti. Example: dŚĞ locals of Timo ƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐ ĚŽ ŶŽƚ ǁĞĂƌ ƐŚŽĞƐ ǁŚĞŶ ƚŚĞǇ ĂƌĞ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝƐ Ă ĐĂƵƐĞ ŽĨ ĂŶĞŵŝĂ ŝŶ ǇŽƵŶŐ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͘

127 ,ĂŝƟĂŶ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐ ĚŽ ŶŽƚ ǁĞĂƌ ƐŚŽĞƐ ǁŚĞŶ ƚŚĞǇ ĂƌĞ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝƐ Ă ĐĂƵƐĞ ŽĨ ĂŶĞŵŝĂ ŝŶ ǇŽƵŶŐ ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͘

ϯ͘ϴ EĂŵĞ ŽĨ ^ĞŵŝĂŶŶƵĂů DŝƐƐŝŽŶƐ

+DLWL +HDOWK ,QLWLDWLYH VHPLDQQXDO PLVVLRQV VKRXOG QRW EH UHIHUUHG WR DV ³WULSV ´ EXW VKRXOG EH VROHO\ FDOOHG ³PLVVLRQV ´ 7KH PLVVLRQV DUH QRZ VSOLW LQWR IDOO DQG VSULQJ PLVVLRQV 7KH VHDVRQV DQG WKH PLVVLRQV ZLOO ERWK EH FDSLWDOL]HG WR HPSKDVL]H DQG HVWDEOLVK WKH GLIIHUHQW PLVVLRQV Example: dŚĞ Spring 2012 Mission ƚŽ dŝŵŽ ǁĞŶƚ ǀĞƌǇ ǁĞůů ĨŽƌ ĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ƚĞĂŵ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂůƐ ŽĨ dŝŵŽ͘

127 dŚĞ march 2012 trip ƚŽ dŝŵŽ ǁĞŶƚ ǀĞƌǇ ǁĞůů ĨŽƌ ĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ƚĞĂŵ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂůƐ ŽĨ dŝŵŽ͘

ϯ͘ϵ WŽƐƐĞƐƐŝǀĞ &Žƌŵ ŽĨ ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ tƌŝƚĞƌƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ŶŽƚ ƵƐĞ ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ŝŶ ŝƚƐ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐŝǀĞ ĨŽƌŵ͘ ZĞǁŽƌĚ ƚŚĞ ƐĞŶƚĞŶĐĞ ƚŽ ĂǀŽŝĚ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƐƐĞƐƐŝǀĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶ͘

Example: dŚĞ ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ƚĞĂŵ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ǁĞƌĞ ŐƌĂƚĞĨƵů ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ͘

127 ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ͛Ɛ ƚĞĂŵ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ǁĞƌĞ ŐƌĂƚĞĨƵů ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ͘

Example: dŚĞ ĂĐĐŽŵƉůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ǁĞƌĞ ǀĞƌǇ ŝŵƉĂĐƞƵů͘

127 ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ͛Ɛ ĂĐĐŽŵƉůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ǀĞƌǇ ŝŵƉĂĐƞƵů͘

4 numbers ϰ͘ϭ ĂƐŝĐƐ ĨŽƌ EƵŵďĞƌƐ As indicated in ChicagR QXPEHUV ]HUR WKURXJK RQH KXQGUHG VKRXOG EH VSHOOHG RXW H[FHSW ZKHQ WKH\ DUH GHFLPDO QXPEHUV OLNH 1XPEHUV DERYH RQH KXQGUHG VKRXOG EH XVHG DV QXPHUDOV H[FHSW ZKHQ WKH\ DUH ZKROH QXPEHUV :KROH QXPEHUV JUHDWHU WKDQ RQH KXQGUHG OLNH ¿YH WKRXVDQG RU VHYHQ ELOOLRQ VKRXOG EH VSHOOHG RXW DV VHHQ LQ Chicago 1XPEHUV WKDW EHJLQ D VHQWHQFH VKRXOG DOZD\V EH VSHOOHG RXW RU FDQ EH UHZULWWHQ IRU EHWWHU FODULW\ as presented in Chicago /DVWO\ QXPEHUV VKRXOG EH VSHOOHG RXW RU XVHG DV D QXPHUDO WR PDLQWDLQ FRQVLVWHQF\ LQ WKH LPPHGLDWH FRQWH[W (Chicago 7KLV PHDQV WKDW QXPEHUV OHVV WKDQ RQH KXQGUHG PD\ EH SUHVHQWHG DV QXPHUDOV LI WKH\ DUH LQ D VHQWHQFH ZLWK PDQ\ RWKHU QXPEHUV WKDW DUH XVHG DV QXPHUDOV Example: ĞĐĂƵƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĂŝŶĞĞƐ͕ ĮǀĞ ƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚ ĨĞĞƚ ŽĨ ƉŝƉĞ ǁĞƌĞ ŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŽƵůĚ ŶŽƚ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ĚŽŶĞ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ͘ Forty-‐nine ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ͘

127 ĞĐĂƵƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĂŝŶĞĞƐ͕ 5,000 ĨĞĞƚ ŽĨ ƉŝƉĞ ǁĞƌĞ ŝŶƐƚĂůůĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŽƵůĚ ŶŽƚ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ĚŽŶĞ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ͘ 49 ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ͘

Example: dŚĞ ĚĞŶƚĂů ƚĞĂŵ ƐĂǁ 212 ƉĂƟĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĞĚ 78 ĞǆƚƌĂĐƟŽŶƐ͕ 112 ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ 14 ŵŝŶŽƌ ƐƵƌŐĞƌŝĞƐ͘

127 dŚĞ ĚĞŶƚĂů ƚĞĂŵ ƐĂǁ 212 ƉĂƟĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĞĚ ƐĞǀĞŶƚǇͲĞŝŐŚƚ ĞǆƚƌĂĐƟŽŶƐ͕ 112 ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ fourteen ƐƵƌŐĞƌŝĞƐ͘

ϰ͘Ϯ >ŝƐƚƐ 7R SURPRWH FODULW\ OLVWV DUH HQFRXUDJHG ZKHQ WDONLQJ DERXW WKH GLIIHUHQW JRDOV +DLWL +HDOWK ,QLWLDWLYH KDG RQ D FHUWDLQ WULS WKH SDUWV RI DQ HGXFDWLRQDO FXUULFXOXP DQG VR RQ (DFK SDUW RI WKH OLVW FDQ EH QXPEHUHG DQG WKH QXPEHUV PXVW EH HQFORVHG ZLWK SDUHQWKHVHV 7KH OLVW FDQ EH LQWURGXFHG E\ D FRORQ LI D IXOO VHQWHQFH SUHFHGHV WKH FRORQ EXW GRHV QRW QHHG WR EH Example: dŚĞ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ &W& ĚĞĐŝĚĞĚ ŽŶ ĨŽƵƌ ƚŽƉŝĐƐ ƚŽ ƚĞĂĐŚ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ŚĞĂůƚŚ͗ ;ϭͿ ŽƌĂů ŚǇŐŝĞŶĞ͕ ;ϮͿ ďĂƐŝĐ ŶƵƚƌŝƟŽŶ͕ ;ϯͿ ŐĞƌŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŚĂŶĚ ǁĂƐŚŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ;ϰͿ ĐĂƌĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘

127 dŚĞ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ &W& ĚĞĐŝĚĞĚ ŽŶ ĨŽƵƌ ƚŽƉŝĐƐ ƚŽ ƚĞĂĐŚ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ŚĞĂůƚŚ one͕ ŽƌĂů ŚǇŐŝĞŶĞ͕ two͕ ďĂƐŝĐ ŶƵƚƌŝƟŽŶ͕ three͕ ŐĞƌŵƐ ĂŶĚ ŚĂŶĚ ǁĂƐŚŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ four͕ ĐĂƌĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘

Example: dŚĞ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚ ĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ for ĚĞŶƚĂů ĐĂƌĞ͕ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ĐĂƌĞ͕ ĂŶĞŵŝĂ ƚĞƐƟŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƚĞƐƟŶŐ͘

127 dŚĞ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚ ĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ for: ĚĞŶƚĂů ĐĂƌĞ͕ ŵĞĚŝĐĂů ĐĂƌĞ͕ ĂŶĞŵŝĂ ƚĞƐƟŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƚĞƐƟŶŐ͘

ϰ͘ϯ WĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞƐ As stated in Chicago SHUFHQWDJHV DUH H[SUHVVHG LQ QXPHUDOV H[FHSW ZKHQ EHJLQQLQJ D VHQWHQFH 7KH SHUFHQWDJHV DUH IROORZHG E\ WKH % V\PERO LQVWHDG RI WKH ZRUG percent. Example: ƉƉƌŽǆŝŵĂƚĞůǇ 25% ŽĨ ƚŚĞ 'ƌĂŶĚ WůĂƚŽŶ ƐƉƌŝŶŐ͛Ɛ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ǁĂƐ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĞĚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŶĞǆƚ ƚƌŝƉ ǁŝůů ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƌĞŵĂŝŶŝŶŐ 75% ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ͘

127 ƉƉƌŽǆŝŵĂƚĞůǇ ƚǁĞŶƚǇͲĮǀĞ ƉĞƌĐĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ 'ƌĂŶĚ WůĂƚŽŶ ƐƉƌŝŶŐ͛Ɛ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ǁĂƐ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ĂŶĚ ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĞĚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŶĞǆƚ ƚƌŝƉ ǁŝůů ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ƌĞŵĂŝŶŝŶŐ ƐĞǀĞŶƚǇͲĮǀĞ ƉĞƌĐĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ͘

ϰ͘ϰ dŝŵĞ 7LPHV RI GD\ VKRXOG EH IROORZHG E\ a.m. and p.m. 7KHVH DUH ORZHUFDVHG DQG LQFOXGH SHULRGV LQ EHWZHHQ WKH OHWWHUV :KHQ UHIHUULQJ WR QRRQ XVH noon LQVWHDG RI p.m. :KHQ UHIHUULQJ WR PLGQLJKW XVH midnight LQVWHDG RI a.m. ǆĂŵƉůĞ͗ dŚĞ ŶƵƚƌŝƟŽŶ ĐůĂƐƐ ƐƚĂƌƚĞĚ Ăƚ ϭϮ͗ϬϬ noon ĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇ ĂŶĚ ǁĞŶƚ ƵŶƟů Ϯ͗ϬϬ p.m. EKd dŚĞ ŶƵƚƌŝƟŽŶ ĐůĂƐƐ ƐƚĂƌƚĞĚ Ăƚ ϭϮ͗ϬϬ PM ĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇ ĂŶĚ ǁĞŶƚ ƵŶƟů Ϯ͗ϬϬ PM.

5 dates ϱ͘ϭ ĂƐŝĐƐ ŽĨ ĂƚĞƐ +DLWL +HDOWK ,QLWLDWLYH XVHV WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO GDWH IRUPDW WKH GD\ ¿UVW WKHQ WKH PRQWK WKHQ WKH \HDU :KHQ UHIHUULQJ WR MXVW WKH GDWH DQG PRQWK EXW WKH GDWH DIWHU WKH PRQWK &DUGLQDO QXPEHUV PXVW EH XVHG ZKHQ UHIHUULQJ WR PRQWKV DQG GD\V $GGLWLRQDOO\ ZKHQ D \HDU LV UHIHUHQFHG ZLWK D PRQWK DQG D GD\ WKH \HDU PXVW EH IROORZHG E\ D FRPPD Example: KŶ DĂƌĐŚ ϳ͕ ^ƚĞǀĞ >ĂƌƐĞŶ ďĞŐĂŶ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͘

127 KŶ March 7th͕ ^ƚĞǀĞ >ĂƌƐĞŶ ďĞŐĂŶ ƚŚĞ ǁĂƚĞƌ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͘

Example: KŶ 26 March 2011, ƚŚĞ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ŚĞůĚ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ĚĂǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ůĂǇ ŵŝĚǁŝǀĞƐ ĐůĂƐƐ͘

127 KŶ March 26, 2011 ƚŚĞ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ŚĞůĚ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ĚĂǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ůĂǇ ŵŝĚǁŝǀĞƐ ĐůĂƐƐ͘

6 Punctuation ϲ͘ϭ KǆĨŽƌĚ ŽŵŵĂ 2PLWWLQJ WKH ODVW FRPPD LQ D VHULHV NQRZQ DV WKH 2[IRUG &RPPD FDQ FDXVH FRQIXVLRQ ,Q D VHULHV RI WKUHH RU PRUH LWHPV XVH D FRPPD EHIRUH WKH FRQMXQFWLRQ 7KH FRPPD SUHYHQWV WKH UHDGHU IURP FRQIXVLQJ WKH ODVW WZR items in a series (see Chicago Example: dŚĞ ŶƵƚƌŝƟŽŶ ƚĞĂŵ ĚĞĐŝĚĞĚ ƚŽ ďƌŝŶŐ ǀŝƚĂŵŝŶƐ͕ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ƉĂŵƉŚůĞƚƐ͕ ǀĞŐĞƚĂďůĞ ƐĞĞĚƐ, and ĐůĞĂŶ ǁĂƚĞƌ͘

127 dŚĞ ŶƵƚƌŝƟŽŶ ƚĞĂŵ ĚĞĐŝĚĞĚ ƚŽ ďƌŝŶŐ ǀŝƚĂŵŝŶƐ͕ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ƉĂŵƉŚůĞƚƐ͕ ǀĞŐĞƚĂďůĞ ƐĞĞĚƐ and ĐůĞĂŶ ǁĂƚĞƌ͘

ϲ͘Ϯ hƐĞ ŽĨ Ă ^ĞŵŝĐŽůŽŶ /ŶƐƚĞĂĚ ŽĨ Ă ŽŵŵĂ ŝŶ Ă ^ĞƌŝĞƐ :KHQ D OLVW XVHV LQWHUQDO SXQFWXDWLRQ RU ZKHQ WKH OLVW LV FRPSOH[ LWHPV DUH EHVW VHSDUDWHG E\ D VHPLFRORQ UDWKHU WKDQ E\ D FRPPD 6HH .RKO DQG Chicago Example: dŚĞ ĂŶĞŵŝĂ ůĞǀĞůƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĂƐ ĨŽůůŽǁƐ͗ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƵŶĚĞƌ ĮǀĞ͕ ϵ͘ϳ͖ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ŽǀĞƌ ĮǀĞ͕ ϴ͖ ůĂĐƚĂƟŶŐ ǁŽŵĞŶ͕ ϱ͖ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĞŐŶĂŶƚ women, 7.8.

127 dŚĞ ĂŶĞŵŝĂ ůĞǀĞůƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĂƐ ĨŽůůŽǁƐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƵŶĚĞƌ ĮǀĞ͕ ϵ͘ϳ͕ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ŽǀĞƌ ĮǀĞ͕ ϴ͕ ůĂĐƚĂƟŶŐ ǁŽŵĞŶ͕ ϱ͕ ƉƌĞŐŶĂŶƚ ǁŽŵĞŶ͕ 7.8.

ϲ͘ϯ ŽůŽŶƐ As Chicago VWDWHV ³D FRORQ LQWURGXFHV DQ HOHPHQW RU D VHULHV RI HOHPHQWV LOOXVWUDWLQJ RU DPSOLI\LQJ ZKDW KDV SUHFHGHG WKH FRORQ ´ 7KH FODXVH SUHFHGLQJ WKH FRORQ LV XVXDOO\ LQGHSHQGHQW DQG FRQVWLWXWHV D JUDPPDWLFDOO\ FRPSOHWH VHQWHQFH $ FRORQ IROORZV LQWURGXFWRU\ SKUDVHV OLNH as follows, the following, and similar expressions. 'R QRW XVH D FRORQ DIWHU namely, for example, and similar expressions. Example: ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ŶƵƚƌŝƟŽŶ ƚĞĂŵ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ŚĞůƉĞĚ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂůƐ ďǇ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵŝŶŐ the following: ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ĚŝĞƚ ŚĂďŝƚƐ͕ ƚĞƐƟŶŐ ŽĨ ĐĂůŽƌŝĞ ůĞǀĞůƐ ŝŶ ĨŽŽĚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ĐƌŽƉ ŐƌŽǁƚŚ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĚƌǇ ƐĞĂƐŽŶ͘

127 ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ŶƵƚƌŝƟŽŶ ƚĞĂŵ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ͛ ǁŽƌŬ included: ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ĚŝĞƚ ŚĂďŝƚƐ͕ ƚĞƐƟŶŐ ŽĨ ĐĂůŽƌŝĞ ůĞǀĞůƐ ŝŶ ĨŽŽĚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ĐƌŽƉ ŐƌŽǁƚŚ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĚƌǇ ƐĞĂƐŽŶ͘

ϲ͘ϰ ,ǇƉŚĞŶƐ +\SKHQV VKRXOG EH XVHG LQ FRPSRXQG ZRUGV FRPSRXQG QDPHV FRPSRXQG LGHQWLWLHV DQG ZRUG GLYLVLRQV Examples: EŽŶͲŶĂƟǀĞ ŶŐůŝƐŚ ƐƉĞĂŬĞƌƐ DĂƌĐͲ ƵƌĞů DĂƌƟĂů ,ĂŝƟĂŶͲ ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶ

127 EŽŶŶĂƟǀĞ ŶŐůŝƐŚ ƐƉĞĂŬĞƌƐ DĂƌĐ ƵƌĞů DĂƌƟĂů ,ĂŝƟĂŶ ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶ

,I GHEDWLQJ ZKHWKHU RU QRW WR K\SKHQDWH D ZRUG ORRN XS WKH ZRUG LQ D WUXVWHG GLFWLRQDU\ VXFK DV Merriam- Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary ZKLFK LV IUHH RQOLQH

6.5 Ŷ ĂƐŚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŵ ĂƐŚĞƐ ± (Q GDVK WKH OHQJWK RI DQ ³Q´ LQ D JLYHQ IRQW ,W LV XVHG WR LQGLFDWH D UDQJH RI QXPEHUV ² (P GDVK WKH OHQJWK RI DQ ³P´ LQ D JLYHQ IRQW ,W LV XVHG WR VHSDUDWH LGHDV ZLWKLQ D VHQWHQFH ,W LV OLNH D FRPPD RU SDUHQWKHVLV EXW VWURQJHU ([DPSOH RI HQ GDVK dŚĞ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ĐůĂƐƐ ǁĂƐ ϴ͗ϬϬ –ϭϬ͗ϬϬ Ă͘ŵ͘ ĞĂĐŚ ŵŽƌŶŝŶŐ͘

127 dŚĞ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ĐůĂƐƐ ǁĂƐ ϴ͗ϬϬ-‐ϭϬ͗ϬϬ Ă͘ŵ͘ ĞĂĐŚ ŵŽƌŶŝŶŐ͘

:KHQ from DSSHDUV EHIRUH WKH QXPEHUV XVH to LQVWHDG RI DQ HQ GDVK dŚĞ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ĐůĂƐƐ ǁĂƐ from ϴ͗ϬϬ to ϭϬ͗ϬϬ Ă͘ŵ͘ ĞĂĐŚ ŵŽƌŶŝŶŐ͘

127 dŚĞ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ĐůĂƐƐ ǁĂƐ from ϴ͗ϬϬ–ϭϬ͗ϬϬ Ă͘ŵ͘ ĞĂĐŚ ŵŽƌŶŝŶŐ͘

([DPSOH RI HP GDVK dŚĞ ďŽǇ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ—ŚĂǀŝŶŐ ǁĂƚĐŚĞĚ ZĞŶĂƵĚ dŚŽŵĂƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĮĞůĚƐ—ĂƐŬĞĚ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂŝƟǀĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶ͛Ɛ ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĞīŽƌƚƐ͘

127 dŚĞ ďŽǇ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ǀŝůůĂŐĞ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ ǁĂƚĐŚĞĚ ZĞŶĂƵĚ dŚŽŵĂƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĮĞůĚƐ ĂƐŬĞĚ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶ͛Ɛ ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĞīŽƌƚƐ͘

ϲ͘ϲ WĞƌŝŽĚƐ ŝŶƐŝĚĞ YƵŽƚĂƟŽŶ DĂƌŬƐ $ SHULRG PXVW JR LQVLGH WKH FORVLQJ TXRWDWLRQ PDUNV LI WKDW SHULRG LV D SDUW RI WKH TXRWDWLRQ 7KH SHULRG QHHG QRW JR LQVLGH WKH TXRWDWLRQ PDUN LI WKH VHQWHQFH LV FRQWLQXHG DIWHU WKH TXRWDWLRQ PDUN 16

Example: ͞dŚĞƌĞ ǁĂƐ Ă ŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ŽƌĂů ŚĞĂůƚŚ ƚŚŝƐ ǇĞĂƌ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚ ƚŽ ŵǇ ƚƌŝƉ ũƵƐƚ ŽŶĞ ǇĞĂƌ ĂŐŽ͕ ďƵƚ ƚŚĞ ŶĞĞĚ ƌĞŵĂŝŶƐ ŐƌĞĂƚ.”

127 ͞dŚĞƌĞ ǁĂƐ Ă ŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ŽƌĂů ŚĞĂůƚŚ ƚŚŝƐ ǇĞĂƌ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚ ƚŽ ŵǇ ƚƌŝƉ ũƵƐƚ ŽŶĞ ǇĞĂƌ ĂŐŽ͕ ďƵƚ ƚŚĞ ŶĞĞĚ ƌĞŵĂŝŶƐ ŐƌĞĂƚ”.

Example: <ĂƚǇ ƌĂŶĞ͕ Z , ƐĂŝĚ͕ ͞dŚĞƌĞ ǁĂƐ Ă ŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ŽƌĂů ŚĞĂůƚŚ ƚŚŝƐ ǇĞĂƌ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚ ƚŽ ŵǇ ƚƌŝƉ ũƵƐƚ ŽŶĞ ǇĞĂƌ ĂŐŽ͕͟ ĂŶĚ ƐŚĞ ŶŽƚĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ŶĞĞĚ ƐƟůů ƌĞŵĂŝŶƐ ŐƌĞĂƚ͘

127 <ĂƚǇ ƌĂŶĞ͕ Z , ƐĂŝĚ͕ ͞dŚĞƌĞ ǁĂƐ Ă ŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ŽƌĂů ŚĞĂůƚŚ ƚŚŝƐ ǇĞĂƌ ĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚ ƚŽ ŵǇ ƚƌŝƉ ũƵƐƚ ŽŶĞ ǇĞĂƌ ĂŐŽ͘͟ ĂŶĚ ƐŚĞ ŶŽƚĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ŶĞĞĚ ƐƟůů ƌĞŵĂŝŶƐ ŐƌĞĂƚ͘

ϲ͘ϳ ŽŵŵĂƐ ǁŝƚŚ YƵŽƚĂƟŽŶƐ 4XRWHG PDWHULDO LV WUDGLWLRQDOO\ LQWURGXFHG ZLWK D FRPPD VHH &KLFDJR +RZHYHU LI WKH TXRWDWLRQ LV LQWURGXFHG E\ that, whether, or a similar conjunction, no comma is needed. Example: dŚĞ ĚĞŶƚĂů ƚĞĂŵ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĚ that ͞ŶŽ ĞǆƚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ĚĞŶƚĂů ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ ǁĂƐ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ ĨŽƌ ŵŽƐƚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĂŐĞ ŽĨ ĮǀĞ͘͟

127 dŚĞ ĚĞŶƚĂů ƚĞĂŵ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĚ that, ͞ŶŽ ĞǆƚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ĚĞŶƚĂů ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ ǁĂƐ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ ĨŽƌ ŵŽƐƚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƵŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĂŐĞ ŽĨ ĮǀĞ͘͟

ϲ͘ϴ YƵŽƚĂƟŽŶ DĂƌŬƐ ĨŽƌ dĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů dĞƌŵƐ $V UHFRUGHG LQ .RKO WHUPV VKRXOG QRW EH VHW DSDUW E\ TXRWDWLRQ PDUNV VLPSO\ EHFDXVH WKH\ DUH EHLQJ XVHG LQ D VSHFLDOL]HG RU WHFKQLFDO VHQVH 7KH VSHFLDOL]HG ZRUGV VKRXOG EH VHW LQ URPDQ W\SH MXVW OLNH WKH VXUURXQGLQJ WH[W ,I WKH WHUP LV KDUG IRU D JOREDO DXGLHQFH WR XQGHUVWDQG WKHQ GH¿QH LW LQ SDUHQWKHVHV GLUHFWO\ DIWHU WKH WHUP Example: dŚĞ ůĂǇ ŵŝĚǁŝǀĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇ ĞĂŐĞƌ ƚŽ ůĞĂƌŶ ĂďŽƵƚ ďĂƐŝĐ ŶĞŽŶĂƚĂů ƌĞƐƵƐĐŝƚĂƟŽŶ ƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐ ;ƌĞƐƵƐĐŝƚĂƟŽŶ ƐŬŝůůƐ ĨŽƌ newly born infantsͿ, ǁŚŝĐŚ ǁĞƌĞ ĞǆƉůĂŝŶĞĚ ŝŶ ĚĞƚĂŝů ƚŚĂƚ ĚĂǇ͘

127 dŚĞ ůĂǇ ŵŝĚǁŝǀĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇ ĞĂŐĞƌ ƚŽ ůĞĂƌŶ ĂďŽƵƚ ďĂƐŝĐ ͞ŶĞŽŶĂƚĂů ƌĞƐƵƐĐŝƚĂƟŽŶ͟ ƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐ, ǁŚŝĐŚ ǁĞƌĞ ĞǆƉůĂŝŶĞĚ ŝŶ ĚĞƚĂŝů ƚŚĂƚ ĚĂǇ͘

/Ĩ ǇŽƵ ĂƌĞ Ă ŵĞŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ,ĂŝƟ ,ĞĂůƚŚ /ŶŝƟĂƟǀĞ ƐƚĂī ĂŶĚ ǁŽƵůĚ ůŝŬĞ ƚŽ ĂĚĚ ƚŽ ƚŚŝƐ ŝŶͲŚŽƵƐĞ ƐƚǇůĞ ŐƵŝĚĞ͕ ƉůĞĂƐĞ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ sŝĐƚŽƌŝĂ ĂŶĚůĂŶĚ Ăƚ ǀŝĐƚŽƌŝĂ͘ĐĂŶĚůĂŶĚΛŐŵĂŝů͘ĐŽŵ Žƌ ;ϴϱϴͿ ϴϮϵͲϮϵϲϬ͘ zŽƵ ĐĂŶ ĂůƐŽ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ DĂƌĐͲ ƵƌĞů DĂƌƟĂů Ăƚ ŵĂŵĂƌƟĂůΛŚŽƚŵĂŝů͘ĐŽŵ Žƌ ;ϴϬϭͿ ϴϯϬͲϯϬϰϯ͘