Child Development and Pedagogy for CTET Exam 1. Which is the incorrect way to support language development? (1) Letting the child talk uninterruptedly on a topic. (2) Disapproving the use of their own language. (3) Supporting initiation taken by children. (4) Providing opportunities for using language. 2. Which one of the following is an issue related to development? (1) Congenital - Acquired (2) Natural - Nutritional (3) Nature - Nurture (4) Scholastic - Co-scholastic 3. Which one of the following is not a part of Piaget's pre-operational stage? (1) Egocentrism (2) Animism (3) Irreversibility (4) Conservation 4. Which one of the following is a part of Piaget's concrete operational stage except (1) Reversibility (2) Inductive reasoning (3) Spatial thinking (4) Lack of conservation 5. Which one of the following is not a part of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence? (1) Analytical intelligence (2) Practical intelligence (3) Spatial intelligence (4) Creative intelligence 6. All of the following are examples of intelligence tests excluding (1) Stanford-Binet (2) Welchsler-Binet (3) Baylay Scales (4) Rorschach test 7. The achievement motivation of children may be strengthened by (1) Telling them moral stories (2) Praising them regardless of their performance (3) Assigning them responsibility to handle tasks (4) Telling them that it is only the scores that matter in getting decent job 8. Students are naturally motivated to (1) seek simple tasks (2) explore novelty (3) seek continuous struggle (4) commit mistakes 9. The most important factor for improving the quality of education in India may be (1) upgrading the professional capacity of teachers by training and supervising. (2) focusing assessments exclusively on higher order thinking skills. (3) following a pan – India curriculum throughout the country. (4) increasing the frequency of external examination to twice a year.
10. Schools while dealing with poverty stricken children must (1) attach greater importance to curricular activities by segregating them for better attention. (2) expect them to possess high standards of behaviour. (3) have a zero tolerance of excuses for not attending schools regularly. (4) provide students appropriate training to develop skills to strengthen their self-esteem. 11. The use of teacher made tests may be preferred over standardised tests for assessing the performance of disadvantaged students as (1) standardised tests are given to only those students who come from higher strata of society. • (2) standardised tests do not take into account the special needs of disadvantaged group. (3) standardised tests have large errors of measurement. (4) standardised tests are focused on rote memory. 12. The early identification of special children is important to (1) prevent secondary disabilities (2) discourage their self-efforts to be at par with normal children (3) persuade them to attend special schools (4) help them to cope with their special status 13. A motor speech disorder that affects speech is called (1) apraxia (2) aphasia (3) dysphonia (4) word-phobia 14. Misbehaviour at school¡ may reflect the _______ to ________. (1) urge; wield power (2) need; establish social identity (3) desire; leave school (4) pressure; relieve the bottled up feelings 15. Zone of proximal development in Vygotsky theory is (1) Tasks too difficult for children themselves but can be achieved through adult support. (2) Teacher's interference hamper learning. (3) Development is a proximal zone of growth. (4) Learning takes place in formal settings only. 16. Adolescents conform to peer pressure to fulfill their needs related to (1) belongingness (2) safety (3) self-actualization (4) self-efficacy 17. The following can be used as alternatives to assess intelligence except (1) time taken by a student to respond to a question (2) ability of students to adapt (3) ability of students to attract teachers attention (4) Piagetian tasks 18. While teaching, a teacher should reflect on the following facts except (1) understanding of the learning goals (2) compensating the loss of time occurred in sharing learning goals with students (3) devising appropriate method to achieve these goals (4) designing of assessment to know what students wants to know
19. Teachers in order to complete their lessons quickly expect answers from a preferred group of students of their choice. This (1) requires skills to identify students who can answer the questions more often (2) is necessary to cover the syllabus in the class (3) deprives other students equal opportunity (4) supports students who take interest and become teachers choice 20. An effective way to reduce gender bias may be (1) to run unisex schools with both male and female teachers (2) to run co-ed schools with both male and female teachers (3) to run unisex schools with only female teachers (4) to run co-ed schools with only female teachers 21. High dropout rates in primary classes can be attributed to the following except: (1) irregular attendance (2) lack of awareness of parents (3) lack of proper teacher training (4) lack of initiative on the part of government 22. The following wilI let the learner control of instruction except: (1) Asking learner to select information source (2) Asking learner to relate question to objective (3) Asking learner to memorise the information (4) Asking learner to choose transaction method 23. Which of the following should be considered the most important quality of a teacher at primary level? (1) Eagerness to teach (2) Patience and perseverance (3) Knowledge of harmless ways of punishing (4) Competence to teach in highly standardised language 24. In order to encourage achievement motivation in the classroom, students should be taught to attribute their good grades to (1) their own hard work (2) their own high level of intelligence (3) the easy nature of most academic tasks (4) their teachers generous grading standards 25. Which of the following can be considered a sign of motivated teaching? (1) Maximum attendance in the class (2) Remedial work given by the teacher路 (3) Questioning by students (4) Pin drop silence in the class 26. Which of the following promote social learning? (1) Collaborative learning (2) Summative assessments (3) Brainstorming (4) Formative assessments 27. Ability Grouping of students should be (1) Discouraged as it gives the message that ability is valued more than effort. (2) Encouraged as it maximizes the learning with teachers using special method to suit the specific group. (3) Encouraged as it promotes competition among students. (4) (2) and (3) both
28. Which of the following is most effective in preventing the problem behaviour in children? (1) Making the problem child sit in the library for the entire day. (2) Providing the problem child non-aggressive ways of handling conflict. (3) Compelling the problem child to feel sorry for 'their behaviour. (4) Ostracizing the problem child in class. 29. Which one of the following factors often leads to maladjustment of children? (1) Lack of spiritual maturity (2) Lack of emotional maturity (3) Illiterate parents (4) Impulsive nature 30. Autism includes (1) visual impairment (2) hyperactivity (3) retarded physical growth (4) inability to relate to others
Answers & Explanations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
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13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
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19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
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25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
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1. (2) Disapproving the use of a student’s own language will retard his linguistic development rather than supporting it. Language will develop well when a student is encouraged to express himself/herself. 2. (3) Nature vs. Nurture debate is an integral part of understanding child development. Both nature and nurture (upbringing) play important roles in the development of a child. But, which of the two is more important is often an issue of discussion and debate. 3. (4) Pre-operational stage of cognitive development lasts from 2 to 7 years. During this stage the child does not understand the principle of conservation of mass, age, number etc. 4. (4) Concrete operational stage of cognitive development lasts from 7 to 11 years. During this stage the child understands the principle of conservation. Hence, the presence of conservation, not lack of conservation, is a part of this stage. 5. (3) In the triarchic theory of intelligence Sternberg hasn’t described spatial intelligence. 6. (4) The Rorschach inkblot test is a type of projective psychological test created in 1921 by Hermann Rorschach. It is used to analyze personality and emotional functioning; it is the second most commonly used forensic test after the MMPI. Hence, it is not an intelligence test. 7. (3) When children are assigned the responsibility to handle tasks and challenges, then they become motivated to perform better. In fact, the satisfaction gained form accomplishing a task assigned to them is in itself a geat motivator. 8. (2) Students are naturally motivated to explore new things. They are quite curious and get motivated whenever there is an element of novelty in what they are learning. 9. (1) Quality of teaching is directly affected by the capability and professional capacity of teachers. It can be improved through training and supervision of teachers.
10. (4) Poverty stricken children may suffer from low self-esteem due to lack of resources. Schools must become centers for empowerment of these children. In order to do this, they must be provided with training so that their skill set is improved. 11. (2) Disadvantaged students have needs which may be different from other children. The standardized tests of performance assessment are at times not able to factor in these special needs. In such a case the use of teacher made tests is more beneficial. 12. (4) Early identification of special children is beneficial because the sooner their special needs are understood the easier it is to enable them to deal with their special status. In this regard, counseling and training can be of great help. 13. (1) Apraxia of speech, also known as verbal apraxia or dyspraxia, is a speech disorder in which a person has trouble saying what he or she wants to say correctly and consistently. Apraxia of speech is a motor speech disorder. It is caused by damage to the parts of the brain related to speaking. People with apraxia of speech have trouble sequencing the sounds in syllables and words. 14. (4) Misbehavior or at times violent behavior at school is a manifestation of the pressure that the child feels. It may reflect his/her bottled up feelings. 15. (1) The zone of proximal development is a concept created by Lev Vygotsky. According to Vygotsky, the zone of proximal development "is the distance between the actual development level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance”. In other words, it is the range of abilities that a child can perform with adult support, but cannot yet perform independently. 16. (1) Adolescents have strong belonging needs. It is important for them that they be considered and accepted as a part of their peer-group. Quite often they conform to peer-pressure in order to gain this acceptance. 17. (3) Ability of a student to attract the teacher’s attention cannot be used as alternative to assess intelligence. It may be the personality traits, not the intelligence of the student that attract a teacher’s attention. A student may even attract a teacher’s attention for all the wrong reasons. 18. (2) The time spent by a teacher in sharing learning goals with the students is undoubtedly the time spent well. In fact explaining the learning goals is an integral part of any teaching or training session. So a teacher need not reflect upon how to compensate the loss of such time. 19. (3) Expecting answers from preferred group of students is detrimental to the class. It deprives other students of equal opportunity to learn. Moreover, it is imperative that a teacher remain fair and unbiased while teaching her students. 20. (2) Gender bias among students can be removed if they study in a co-ed school and are taught by both male and female teachers. 21. (3) Lack of proper teacher training may result in their inability to meet the learning requirements of the students studying in primary classes. This quite often translates into high dropout rates in these classes. 22. (3) Asking the learner to memorize information will keep the control of the instruction in the hands of the instructor, rather than the learner. 23. (2) Patience and perseverance is most important at the primary level because the learners are quite young at this stage and require a lot of handholding. For this reason, it is quite often seen that women are given preference for teaching primary classes. 24. (1) Students must be taught to attribute their success and good grades to hard work and diligence. This way they will be motivated to achieve high goals and will see success as an outcome of their labour. 25. (3) If students are seen questioning in the class, it means they are actively participating in the learning process. It is a sign that the teacher is motivated and has been able to elicit the interest of her students.
26. (1) Social learning can be promoted through group work and collaborative learning. 27. (1) Ability grouping must be discouraged. It goes against the ideal of inclusive education. It segregates students on the basis of their ability and sends a message to the student that ability is more important than his/her effort. 28. (2) If a child is provided with non-aggressive ways of handling conflict, problem behavior can be prevented. The child’s approach of dealing with the same problem will become more constructive. 29. (2) Lack of emotional maturity often results in maladjustment of children. Children lack the emotional maturity to deal with the challenges and problems that face them. 30. (4) Autism is a disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social interaction and verbal and non-verbal communication, and by restricted, repetitive or stereotyped behavior. It includes such children's inability to relate to others.