Architecture Portfolio of Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik by Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik

Portfolio of Vignesh srinivas kaushik vigneshkaushik@gmail.com | +65-83282516 | linkedin.com/in/vigneshkaushik | re.vu/vigneshkaushik

Contents 01

Staggered Brick housing Evolutionary Optimisation of 'The Interlace'

point block housing An Evolutionary Design Approach

office headquarters for Indian Space Research Organisation, New Delhi

harvest at work An Office Building Resilient to Climate Change

research/security buildings for Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Chennai

A prototype urban farm typology Adaptive-iterative explorations in computational embryogenesis

second skin Multi-Family Housing at Chennai

high density urban development An Agent Based Modelling (ABM) Approach

calcutta riverside A 262 Acre Township Project, Kolkata, India

- Research Architect at Design Automation Lab, NUS

- Design Architect at STUP Consultants, Chennai

- A Group Project during M.Arch, NUS

- Design Architect at STUP Consultants, Chennai

- Thesis Project during M.Arch, NUS

- Freelance Architect/Computational Designer at WOWAD, Chennai

- A Group Project during M.Arch, NUS

- Architectural Intern at HilandCal, Kolkata

Staggered Brick housing Evolutionary Optimisation of 'The Interlace'

“The optimized variants are not only cheaper than the original design, but also scores better in terms of daylight performance.”

01 | Portfolio of Works

Visual Dataflow Modelling

Evolutionary Algorithm

Cloud Computing

SideFX Houdini

DEXEN

Amazon EC2 Web Services

The design consists of 31 apartment blocks, each six stories tall. The blocks are stacked in an interlocking brick pattern, with voids between the blocks. Each stack of blocks is rotated around a set of vertical axes, thereby creating a complex interlocking configuration. The axes of rotation coincide with the location of the vertical cores of the building, thereby allowing for a single vertical core to connect blocks at different levels.

Feedback

New configurations of these 31 blocks were sought that optimse certain performance measures. For the new configurations, the size and number of blocks will remain the same, but the way that they are stacked and rotated would differ. Genotype

Develop

Mutation & Crossover

Evaluate

 - Facade Cost  - Daylight

Phenotype Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik | 02

03 | Portfolio of Works

Starting Point

Block 1 of 31

Block 2 of 31

Block 6 of 31

Block 7 of 31

Block 8 of 31

Block 12 of 31

Block 13 of 31

Block 14 of 31

Block 18 of 31

Block 19 of 31

Block 20 of 31

Block 24 of 31

Block 25 of 31

Block 26 of 31

Block 30 of 31

Block 31 of 31

Calculate Solar Insolation

Block 3 of 31

Block 4 of 31

Block 5 of 31

Block 9 of 31

Block 10 of 31

Block 11 of 31

Block 15 of 31

Block 16 of 31

Block 17 of 31

Block 21 of 31

Block 22 of 31

Block 23 of 31

Block 27 of 31

Block 28 of 31

Block 29 of 31

Phenotype Optimised to RETV of 25w/m2

In this procedure, the placement of each of the 31 blocks is defined as a decision point. The process places one block at a time, starting with the first block on the empty site. At each decision point, a set of rules is used to generate, filter, and select possible positions for the next block. The selected option for that decision point is shown as a thick red line.

Add Sunshades

Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik | 04

86 85

The evolutionary process was executed using Dexen, a distributed execution environment for population based optimisation algorithms. A set of 10 networked PCs was set up consisting of one server and 9 compute nodes (each with 4 slaves).

low cost high performance

The evolutionary algorithm was run for a total of 16,000 births, each dot in this graph represents a design variant.

83 82

81 80 79 78 77

window_daylight (in %)

74 73

72 71

INTERLACE

68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60

high cost low performance

59 36M

37M

38M

39M

40M

41M

42M

facade_cost (in Million $) 05â&#x20AC;&#x201A;|â&#x20AC;&#x201A;Portfolio of Works

43M

44M

45M

INTERLACE

 - 38.9M

 - 38.6M

 - 69.3%

 - 81.2%

 - 36.6M

 - 37.9M

 - 70.3%

 - 76.7%

 - 37.0M

 - 38.5M

 - 72.0%

 - 75.7%

 - 37.7M

 - 36.5M

 - 75.3%

 - 68.2% Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik | 06

12394  - 3285 M  - 56.1 %

point block housing An Evolutionary Design Approach

“an automated procedure to evolve design variants that are high in value and performance” 07 | Portfolio of Works

It is envisaged that a developer plans to build a set of residential point block buildings. Flats are always arranged around the core in pairs, sharing a common wall and forming vertical stacks of flats of variable height. At the ground level, each block type can accommodate a different number of flats around the core. The point block configurations are generated using a combination of simple parametric modelling and decision chain encoding techniques. Dynamics particle solver technique is used in order to handle the geometric constraints related to point block positioning.

Clementi Site

FAR: 2.0 6-12 floors 30 Blocks (max.)

Variable Stack Height • Level 1+: Residential units • Level 1: Landscaped deck • Level 0: Car parking

The aim is to optimise the configuration of point blocks so as to maximise saleable value and at the same time maximise window performance criteria. Develop

Saleable Value Distribution

5% 4.5% 4% 3.5% 3% 2.5%

1.5% 1% 0.5%

1% 0.5%

1.5% 1% 0.5%

20%

$/m2 +

1.5%

20%

$/m2 +

20%

$/m2 +

Floor Plan Library 1 Bed (15%)

2 Bed (25%)

L K/D

3 Bed Compact (20%)

BA L

B1 T1

T1 T2

4 Bed Compact (10%)

T1 T2

B4 T3

T1 T2

K L - Living

T1 T2

B3 T3

4 Bed Dual Key (5%)

4 Bed (10%)

Evaluate

3 Bed (15%)

BA - Balcony D - Dining

B4 T1 T2

L/B

BA B1

T1 T2 T3 K

K - Kitchen Y - Yard B - Bedroom T - Toilet

Feedback Core Type Library

4 Units / Core

6 Units / Core

8 Units / Core

Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik | 08

development procedure frame 0

frame 250

frame 500

Dynamic Particle Solver

3D Rendered Site Plan

3D Rendered View

evaluation procedure 



Privacy Analysis

Noise Factor Analysis

09 | Portfolio of Works

frame 1000

2D Skeleton Model

3D Skeleton Model

3D Detailed Model

3D Low-Polygon Model



Scenic View Factor

Unobstructed View Factor Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik | 10

18311  - 3410 M  - 54.9 %

16665  - 3380 M  - 56.0 %

11 | Portfolio of Works

feedback procedure 19842  - 3325 M  - 54.8 %

18164  - 3410 M  - 54.3 %

15007  - 3415 M  - 53.6%

Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik | 12

harvest at work An Office Building Resilient to Climate Change

“a high performance building, not only today, but also after 30 years with a projected 2 deg. Celsius rise in air temperature.”

13 | Portfolio of Works

Form follows Performance The project explores the idea of collaborative work space as a means to a sustainable work culture. A novel concept of form follows performance propels the design process. The urban farm is introduced as a primary strategy to combat various socioeconomic and environmental issues related to climate change. The vertical farm seeks to reduce solar heat gain and ETTV values and also acts as an in-house food source. The facade of the building adopts a continuously varying pattern with the changing climatic conditions. This is plausible by varying plant densities of the urban farm along the length of the facade. A BAU office/research building on average consumes 240 KWh/sqm/yr of energy. This project aims at achieving a benchmark target of 150 KWh/sqm/yr. OPTION 1

OPTION 2

OPTION 3 WEST BLDG

OPTION 4

OPTION 5

EAST BLDG

SOUTH BLDG

CFD ANALYSIS

STAGE

ORIENTATION 0 DEG SLOPE

-10 DEG SLOPE

-15 DEG SLOPE

10 DEG SLOPE

15 DEG SLOPE

-6 DEG SLOPE

-12 DEG SLOPE

6 DEG SLOPE

12 DEG SLOPE

0 DEG SLOPE WITH ROOF

15 DEG OUTWARD SLOPE

15 DEG SLOPE WITH ROOF

15 DEG INWARD SLOPE

30% COVERED

50% COVERED

70% COVERED

80% COVERED

CFD ANALYSIS

STAGE

FACADE ANGLE 0 DEG SLOPE

CFD ANALYSIS

STAGE

ROOF ANGLE 0 DEG SLOPE

DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS

STAGE

ATRIUM ANGLE

STAGE

URBAN FARM

Surface Temperature (in deg c)

0% COVERED

Time (in Hrs)

Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik | 14

Wooden vertical e

Cauliﬂower

Cucumber

Lettuce

Sweet Pepper

Broccoli

Herbs

Peppercaps

Raddichio

Basil Leaves

Tomatoes

Fitness centre serving as a common shared space Fire engine access @ -5m lvl on the site periphery therby allowing natural light & ventilation to the basement

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

5 5

Plan at 20m lvl 1. Food Stalls/Cafe/Fruit Bar 2. Service Core 3. Lift Lobby & Services 4. Office/Research Workspace 5. Collaborative Space 6. Urban Farm

3 3 2 1

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

15 | Portfolio of Works

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

louvres skinning the eateries

ETFE Roof angled at 6 deg to the horizontal to facilitate wind movement

Collaborative space serving as an interactive and casual exchange of ideas

Feature staircase in the atrium connecting the collaborative spaces

Service core connecting the kitchen with vertical eateries

Detailed Cross Section

Vertical eateries consisting of restaurants, salad bars, fruit bars & cafe

Urban farm harvest Basement with storage area Car parking and Kitchen for the Vertical Eateries

150 mm thick 450 mm deep RCC ﬂoor slab double beams

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik | 16

office headquarters for Indian Space Research Organisation, New Delhi

“design is derived from an ovoid, sculpted to resemble a space shuttle”

17 | Portfolio of Works

The glazing surface ellipsoid

Ellipsoid horizontally sliced @ 900mm

An ellipsoid quadrant is vertically divided into 80 equal parts

Glazing surface forms planar quadrilaterals

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Brackets that support outer skin

Outer skin framework that holds tensile fabric shading

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Elevation of outer skin system

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Outer skin system in 3D

Section across outer skin system Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik | 18

Ground Floor 19 | Portfolio of Works

Third Floor Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik | 20

LOBBY

Cross section

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

LOBBY

SECTION AA PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Front elevation 21 | Portfolio of Works PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

 



FROM GR LVL TO UPPER BASEMENT LVL

FROM UPPER BASEMENT LVL TO GR LVL

 

FROM UPPER BASEMENT LVL TO LOWER BASEMENT LVL

 

FROM LOWER BASEMENT LVL TO UPPER BASEMENT LVL

FIRE FIGHTING UG WATER TANK 75KL @10.40M LVL.

Longitudinal section PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Side elevation Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik | 22

A prototype urban farm typology Adaptive-iterative explorations in computational embryogenesis

“an ecologically integrated urban farming paradigm where the farm and the farmer live together vertically”

23 | Portfolio of Works

Energy Analysis of Major Food Products

Future Singaporean Diet

Optimum Sunlight Hours for Hydroponic Crops

Decentralised Urban Farm Network

urban farm network for Clementi

Vignesh Srinivas Kaushikâ&#x20AC;&#x201A;|â&#x20AC;&#x201A;24

Vegetable Farm

Floating Volumes

Fish Farm

Chicken Farm

Stacking Volumes

Farmer's Housing XS, S 50-80 sq.m

M 90-120 sq.m Genotype Structure: {0.12, 0.11, 0.80} {0.31, 0.24, 0.26}…….{0.12, 0.15, 0.82} cube01{x, y, z} cube02{x, y, z}……….cube64

L, XL 140-180 sq.m 25 | Portfolio of Works

Evaluation Criteria: maximise – adjacency scores minimise – overall height

Podium+Tower (ver1)

Podium+Tower (ver2)

7.2m

21 Floorplan Options

Development Procedure

Podium

Housing Units

Tower Floorplates

Glass Facade on Veg. Units

Floor Volumes

Structural Columns

Algae Tubes on Detailing Units Chicken & Fish Units

Privacy View & Noise Factor

Sky Exposure Analysis

Scenic View Factor

Daylight Analysis

Evaluation Procedure

Genotype Structure: {0.12, 0.11, 0.80} {0.31, 0.24, 0.26}…….{0.12, 0.15, 0.82} floor01{shape, orientation, function}...floor20

Genotype Structure: {0.12, 0.11, 0.80, 0.31, 0.24, 0.26, 0.12, 0.15, 0.82} floor01{size1...size8, function}...floor20

Evaluation Criteria: maximise – daylight, privacy, scenic views, sky exposure; minimise – noise factor

Evaluation Criteria: maximise – daylight, privacy, scenic views, sky exposure; minimise – noise factor Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik | 26

Noise Factor Analysis

Daylight Analysis

Privacy Analysis

Sky Exposure Factor

Scenic View Factor

The design scenario focuses the need for Singapore to become more self-sufficient in terms food production, since it imports over 90% of its food requirement. Hence, as a long term strategy to ensure food resilience for Singapore’s growing population, a prototypical urban farm typology catering to a population of 10,000 people is proposed. The idea would be to have a decentralised network of such urban farms across various parts of Singapore. State-of-the-art farming methods would allow essential food items such as vegetables and fruits, fish and chicken to be grown vertically and simultaneously within the same building. The urban farmers who grow the food were to live within the same complex as well. Also, in order to produce a part of the energy to power the building, it was decided to grow algae (bio-fuel) on photo-bio-reactor pipes to be fixed to the parts of the façade receiving the most solar radiation. The market, seed storage, waste recycling centre and many other allied spatial systems were also to be located within the complex.

27 | Portfolio of Works

Typical Urban Farm Floor Plan

Feedback Procedure

Functional View

Actual View

Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik | 28

second skin Multi-Family Housing at Chennai

“The design approach was to keep the plan simple and wrap the first envelope with a second parametric skin”

29 | Portfolio of Works

1F 1 2 3 4 5 6

PARKING LIVING/DINING GUEST BEDROOM MASTER BEDROOM KITCHEN PRIVATE GARDEN

lux >

ANALYSIS OF ILLUMINANCE LEVELS WITH AND WITHOUT THE SECOND SKIN

w/m2

THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE THROUGH THE ENVELOPE WITHOUT SECOND SKIN

THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE THROUGH THE ENVELOPE WITH SECOND SKIN

Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik | 30

high density urban development An Agent Based Modelling (ABM) Approach

“an exploratory, self-organisation process that simulates the collective interaction between buildings and its environment”

31 | Portfolio of Works

Agent-Environment Behaviour Tests Straight Diagonal

Buildings are represented as agents that interact with and adapt to neighbouring agents and the environment. Each agent is an individual building with a set of characteristics and rules that govern its behaviour and decision making capability. The behaviour of an agent (building) with its neighbours over a period of time results in the final location and orientation of that building on the site, and also the size of the building. The relationship between each agent and the environment depends upon a set of agent objectives defined by the designer.

Attractors Repellers

The movement of the agent within the site is stochastic, and as a result each time the simulation is run, a unique design solution is produced. All agents move simultaneously around the site seeking a position that satisfies all their objectives. The objectives may include both programmatic relationships and performance criteria. The task is to achieve a holistic balance of all the criteria for the buildings in the development.

Site Analysis

Frame 125

Frame 250

Frame 375

Frame 500

Attract & Repel

Frame 0

Agent-Environment Behaviour Rules

Agents at Frame 0

Agents at Frame 100

Agents at Frame 250

Agents at Frame 500

Agents at Frame 1000

Final 3D Model

Sun View Analysis

Sky View Analysis Vignesh Srinivas Kaushikâ&#x20AC;&#x201A;|â&#x20AC;&#x201A;32

33 | Portfolio of Works

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Floor Plan @ 10m lvl

Floor Plan @ 0m lvl

Floor Plan @ 40m lvl

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Conceptual section across MRT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Conceptual Section across Towers

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Detailed Section across Towers Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik | 34

calcutta riverside A 262 Acre Township Project, Kolkata, India

“the collaboration of india's six leading architects for an awardwinning township project” 35 | Portfolio of Works

Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik | 36

Princep Riverview Towers

Lakeview Apartments

37 | Portfolio of Works

Elgin Gardenview Towers

IT Park

Golfview Condominiums/Villas

Shopping Mall

Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik | 38

Vignesh Srinivas Kaushik (M.Arch(DTS) - NUS, Singapore/B.Arch, Anna University, Chennai/MCoA, India) is a Singapore based architect & computational designer focusing on the use of algorithms and computation to generate architectural concepts in both research and practice. He is part of Design Automation Lab which engages in research, consultancy, and teaching in advanced digital design methods and techniques in NUS, Singapore. He is currently working on a research project that explores evolutionary optimization and automation of advanced computational design methods for holistic design exploration and development. He is also the founder & one of the collaborators at WOW Architecture+Design (WOWAD) where the focus is on projects that integrates building performance and computational design into mainstream architecture in India.

vigneshkaushik@gmail.com | +65-83282516 | linkedin.com/in/vigneshkaushik | re.vu/vigneshkaushik