Portfolio - Vignesh by Vignesh T

PORTFOLIO VIGNESH T M.Tech in Geoinformatics Department of Geography, University of Madras Post Graduate Diploma in Data Science and Big Data in Imarticus Learning Bachelor of Planning – SPA, VIJAYAWADA Centrally Funded Technical Institution (CFTI) directly under the MHRD, GoI

Unsustainable Transformation Resulting from Migration and Unbalanced Regional Growth

Research Paper

In developing countries most of the development and investment happens in few concentrated urban areas only, leaving other settlements to lag behind in terms of economic growth. It is evident that urban areas attract people for more economic prosperity resulting in higher quality of life. But it is also accompanied by major social and economic inequality.

Page 2

“Unsustainable Transformation resulting from Migration and Unbalanced Regional growth” Presented in the International Conference on Multipli’City’ of Spaces: Religion, Culture and Urbanity in India conducted jointly by University of Madras and Bishop Cotton Women’s Christian College, Bangalore POLARIZED GROWTH POLES

DISTRIBUTED GROWTH POLES

NO GROWTH POLES

Application of Space Syntax, Space Matrix and Mixed Use Index for Property Tax Assessment Using GIS in T. Nagar, Chennai - Bachelor’s Thesis The fundamental challenge of infrastructure development is financing. Except few large scale ULBs, most of the small and medium scale ULBs have deficit municipal finance, low credit rating, insufficient human resource and technical capabilities. Resulting in high dependency of ULBs on State & Centre for financial outlays. The opportunity of Property Tax (own revenue stream) of ULBs is explored in the paper. This result is a dynamic map which as potential to demarcate property tax assessment zones at street level within the ward and determine the base rates for each zone. The outcome of research is a rational spatial property tax assessment method through application of GIS in the proposed Smart City Area.

Page 4

“Application of Space Syntax, Space Matrix and Mixed Use Index for Property Tax Assessment using GIS in T. Nagar, Chennai ” - Won the First Prize for Best Research in the Annual Research on Cities Summit 2019 conducted by UN Habitat and Xavier University under the theme of “Transformative Urban Governance in the Developing World and the New Urban Agenda” on 24th – 25th January 2019.

SPACE SYNTAX MAP COMPOSITE MAP

OVERLAY ANALYSIS

MIXED USE INDEX MAP

SPACE MATRIX MAP

Maps prepared: By author

Empirical studies have proven high degree of accessibility, density and land-use diversity would mean a high degree of socio-economic performance. These analysis methods help in understanding of the role of the spatial parameters on saturation of development, potential developable areas, socio-economic character in a neighborhood as well as a city.

Urban character Very low Low Medium - High Medium Medium - Low High Very High

Space Syntax / Space Matrix / Mixed Land use L/L/L M/L/L L/L/M L/M/L L/M/M M/L/M M/M/L H/L/L L/H/L L/L/H H/M/L M/H/L L/M/H H/L/M L/H/M M/L/H H/H/L H/L/H L/H/H M/M/H M/H/M H/M/M M/M/M H/H/H H/M/H M/H/H H/H/M

As per guideline value, Sir Thiyagaraya Road, Gopathi Narayana Road, Usman Road & Venkatanarayana Road with high connectivity value & mixed index values are correlated to have Commercial and Mixed uses as well as high land values. Hence the analysis has captured the market value through space syntax, space matrix and mixed use concentration

Network Visualization of Most Occurred Term Of Projects And Sectors Of All 100 Smart City Proposals - Individual Project A Corpus of project titles from the Smart City Proposal (SCP) document of all the 100 Smart Cities in India is created. The dataset created has titles of 6249 projects. The projects with more occurrence denote the common infrastructure problem that addressed through SCM. The co-occurrence of projects indicate the inter-connectedness and scope of integration among projects. A term map is a visualization of similarity in which objects (project terms) are located based on the similarity to nearby objects. To create a term map, VOSViewer is used.

Page 6

What are the aspirations of the 100 Smart Cities of India? - Individual Project From the above text data, the visualization are built for each city in Tableau. So Any person can understand the problems faced in Indian cities reflected through the proposed projects. Link for web viz: https://tabsoft.co/35CK7uU

Page 7

Network Visualization of most occurred term of projects and sectors of all 100 Smart City Proposals

The size of the round node denotes the project’s relative number of occurrence in the total proposal. The line connecting the nodes denote the relationship between two or more projects. The thickness of the connecting line denotes the relative strength of the inter-connection between the projects. The closely related projects are located near to each other and form a cluster. The nodes in the centre are linked with all the cluster in the network. The Building, GPS, Sensor nodes are positioned in the relative centre as these form a principal component in all the ICT based infrastructure proposals. The Building node is ubiquitously connected with redevelopment, restoration, energy, water supply, housing and command centre. 6

What are the aspirations of the 100 Smart Cities of India? Any person can understand the problems faced in Indian cities reflected through the proposed projects. Please check link For Interactive visualization: https://tabsoft.co/35CK7uU

Developing CityGML based 3D Urban Models using UAV for Smart Cities of India - Project work at IIRS (ISRO) CityGML is designed as an open data model and XML-based format for the storage and exchange of virtual 3D city models. The study’s aim was integrating AMRUT and SCM utilizing the current technologies of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The UAV derived orthoimage and point cloud in conjunction with 2D GIS Master Plans of AMRUT can integrated to build rich 3D Spatial Information Model. The developed workflow is automated for 2D spatial layer extractions and transformation into 3D Cesium Tile format. The 3D CityGML Model incorporates extensive information of the buildings, utility network, transportation, vegetation and other features. The Cesium Tile format can be effectively hosted in web based applications & interactive models for visualization, analytics and decision-making.

Page 11

AI for Water Work at SmartTerra

AI powered Water Analytics Platform for Bangalore: All the major Indian Cities are at the tipping point of Water Crisis. It is expected to worsen more, as 416 million population would be added in urban areas by 2050. Traditional Water Planning and Management systems used by the Government and Municipal Bodies are not able to support decision-makers. I was part of building AI cloud hosted tool to achieve Equitable Municipal Drinking Water Supply, to improve operations and cost-recovery, to reduce commercial loss and to balance demand/supply for Bangalore. I work on the machine learning model for predicting Consumption, Leakage, meter bye-pass, meter degradation, spatial outliers detection using Python and QGIS.

Page 12

Developing CityGML based 3D Urban Models using UAV for Smart Cities of India Using Agisoft or Pix4D UAV Image Procurement

Image and Camera Alignment

AMRUT 2D GIS Master Plans, Bhuvan, NUIS, ENVIS

GIS Spatial Layers and Database derived from 2D GIS Master Plans

Design Workflow to Automate model building in FME Workbench

Build Dense Point Cloud

CityGML Schema

Point Cloud

Smart City ADE framework built using new classes with CityGML Core and other ADE Classes

3D Tile Creation and Visualization in CesiumION

Mesh Model

Build 3D Mesh Building Web based applications for Visualisation of 3d Urban Model for Urban Planning Applications Build Texture

Point Cloud or DSM Clipping using Shapefile boundary

Elevation Value Extraction for each Geometry

Spatial Feature Extrusion

Export to CityGML data model

Upload the 3D Tile to CesiumION web platform

Build Web Visualisation and Interaction in CesiumJS

Textured Model 3D CityGML model Created and Visualized in CesiumION

Aerial View

AI for Water Digital water, Intelligent water, Sustainable water Combination of Linear Regression and Clustering algorithms for identiﬁcation of Meter Under-registration and Meter Bypass

Spatial pattern of Meter Age and Meter Under-registration (due to degradation of the meter). Help in identiﬁcation of pockets that require replacement of meters

Time series analysis for predicting consumption and deriving demand. This helps in identiﬁcation of gap in water supply & demand

Identiﬁcation of high dense built-up areas which are not supplied due to low network supply capacity

MIT India Initiative 2020

Developing Augmented Reality application as a Public Engagement Tool for Urban Flood (Master’s Project) There is a strong view among climate change researchers and communicators that the persuasive tactic of arousing fear in order to promote precautionary motivation and behavior is neither effective nor appropriate in the context of climate change communication and engagement. My aim was to stimulate attitudinal and behavioral change by involvement of public and stakeholders to improve flood resilience and preparedness using immersive technology.

Page 14 to 16

Climate Change Information Dissemination

Need for the Study There is a strong view among climate change researchers and communicators that the persuasive tactic of arousing fear in order to promote precautionary motivation and behavior is neither effective nor appropriate in the context of climate change communication and engagement.

Aim Stimulating attitudinal and behavioral change by involvement of public and stakeholders to improve flood resilience and preparedness using immersive technology.

3D Modelling and AR app development To use ﬂood levels recorded during extreme events from literature and use it to visualise in AR environment

To review the various approaches and its effectiveness used in communicating the climate change information to the public and stakeholders.

Public Engagement & Stakeholder Collaboration To device and develop the Public Participation approach and Stakeholder collaboration framework to test effectiveness of AR app

Built 3D model from Rhino and 2015 Chennai Flood level from reports and studies are used

Methodology DEM (12.5m) OSM data

Objectives

Primary Survey using GPS

Urban 3D modelling

Urban data is collected by using OSM, other crowd sourced tools and primary study of the case area. The obtained data is modelled using Rhino3D and FME into CityGML Collection of published reports, studies and data related to urban ﬂooding of Chennai, adopt the validated result for modelling

Site location

Handheld devices

The simulated model is geo tagged on site to create location based augmented reality The augmented reality model can be built as App or web based model

App based Augmented reality

Stakeholder Consultation to test the effectiveness of AR Application

Analysis Flooded Pixels Sentinel -1

Elevation

Flood Pixel Detected from Sentinel-1 Analysis Results in AR

• The location provider script is built in the app, which takes the GPS information from the user mobile and feeds it to the unity engine. • The data is rendered for the user’s location, by this way for any user in CMA region, they can view the flood hazard regions, natural drainage, elevation and other GIS datasets that can be published. 16

Regional Development Plan Studio (District Level) Wayanad District, Kerala - Bachelor’s Sem 7 Wayanad is the most hunted tourism destination in Kerala. It was once a agrarian district with predominant cultivation of paddy. But due to low income & price fluctuation, the cultivators have shifted to cash crops such as coffee, banana, ginger, tapioca, arecanut, etc. This shift in crops has resulted in food security issues, environmental degradation, health issues, subject to global price fluctuations and risks Page 17 to 23 resulting in suicide of farmers. Hence a major focus was given on the agriculture sector to develop food sufficiency and to increase the per capita income of the population in Wayanad through multiple cropping mode l(food and cash)

WAYANAD REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN STUDIO

Action Plan (IIT Bombay Competition) Uppada Village, Andhra Pradesh Uppada is a small village of 3632 population. There are two communities based on fishing & silk weaving. The silk weaving technique practiced in the village is of ancient origin called the Jamdani. It have been granted the Geographical Indication (GI) registration in India. But, the tradition of inheriting the ancient skill is diminishing due to low returns, digital markets, mechanization and diversification of Page 25 to 27 occupation. A cultural centre with tourism circuit is developed to promote social and economic development and to sustain the traditional weaving practice in the village. I was the Team Leader heading 7 people. The team was selected as Top 10 teams in the competition. My contributions were in problem identification, proposal and concept formulation.

ACTION PLAN ABHYUDHAY – IIT BOMBAY COMPETITION 2016

DESIGN PROPOSAL FOR UPPADA CULTURAL VILLAGE

Thinking Trash – Business Plan for Public Infrastructure – NOSPLAN (2017) - Competition Work The major problem with the Indian cities is that the amount of unsegregated waste at household adds enormous costs to the ULB making it impossible to recover money by recycling waste. Vijayawada is not an exception. The business plan proposed tries to achieve a state of optimum utilization and management of the municipal solid wastes through incentivizing households. The business plan paces forward to earn and recover solely through the wastes produced without user charges and interestingly paying back to the residents through non tangible monetary benefits. I was the Team Leader heading four members. The team won First National Prize - Business Plan for Public Infrastructure event in NOSPLAN, 2017. The same team headed by me was the runner for Data Visualization event of NOSPLAN 2017

Page 29 to 32

THINKING TRASH – CURRENT PRACTICES COMPETITION – NOSPLAN 2017

DATA VISUALISATION COMPETITION – NOSPLAN 2017

Master Development Plan (Town Level) Kanyakumari Town, Tamil Nadu - Bachelor’s Sem 6 Kanyakumari is an international tourism destination. It is the southern most tip of Indian peninsular where the three oceans meet. The town is facing infrastructure issues as the land carrying capacity has been exceeded many folds due to increasing tourism inflow. A comprehensive town development plan is prepared focusing on the landuse and infrastructure planning for the floating population as well as for the native population. I worked on analyzing the Governance and Municipal Finance of the Town Panchayat.

Page 34, 35

ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE AND MUNICIPAL FINANCE ORGANISATINANCE TIMELINE FINANCIAL STRUCTURE 1969: Inauguration of Kanyakumari Town Panchayat (KKTP)

Before 1981: Rural Development and Local Administration Department

1993: 73rd and 74th CAA reconstituted all TPs under Tamil Nadu District Municipalities Act 1920 with a separate chapter for TPs.

1981: Directorate of Town Panchayats

Revenue Generatio n

2006: Municipal and Water Supply Department for KKTP Inaugurated

Local Revenu e Base

ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

Secretariat

Rural Development & Municipal Administration (Minister)

LOCAL SOURCES

Municipal Administration & Water Supply Dept. (Secretary)

TP Engineering Cell (TW-Executive Eng.)

Directorate Director Joint Director Establishments Joint Director Schemes Executive Engineer Assistant Director Establishment Assistant Director Schemes Account Officer System Analyst

Head of the Town Panchayats and looks after all the administrative affairs and activities undertaken in Town Panchayat Administration All establishment matters, Audit & Accounts, RTI act, ULB Election, Reclassification of Town Panchayats All matters relating to Central & State Government Schemes AS & TS to Central & State Government Schemes, Scheme progress and work Inspection, Engineering Establishment All matters in respect to Establishments All matters in respect to Schemes All matters in respect to accounting accounting All matters in respect to e-Governance

District

Assistant Director of TP (Zonal Office) (TW-Asst. Executive Eng.)

District Collector

Town Panchayat Number of organisation members is 50 and their capacity is comparatively less to handle the floating population demands

Bill Collector -3Typist -2

Average Income Propert 2011-2016 y Tax Other Incom e 43.19 % Sale & Hire Charges 0.06% Grant & Contributi o n 4.77%

Office Executive Assistant Junior Assistant Meter Electricia Reader Pump n Lineman Motor Operator Operator Helper OHT Tankcock Operator

7.96%

Not performing all the 74th CAA mandatory functions. They are dependent on other government departments and Directorate of TP for other functions.

Sanitary Officer Driver -2 Supervisor -1 Workers -30

Other Tax 3.04% Assigne d Revenu e Devolutio 3.59% n Fund 24.37%

Servic e Charge s 13.02 %

OTHER INCOME Project Overhead Appropriation Expenses 9.57%

Rent on Bunk Stall Deposit s Lapsed 0.41 12.72% %

Interest from Bank 2.20% Miscelleniou s Recovery 4.81%

1.66%

AND FEES

Initial Amount for new water supply underground drainage connection 3.45%

Tap Rate Water Charges 20.34%

Licence Fees from Cable TV Operators 0.09%

Trade License Fees 3.91% Building License Fees 3.08%

Fees for Pay and use Toilet 4.27% Income from Fairs and festivals 0.00%

Other Income 2.95% Rent from Rest

House Buildings

Vacant Land Tax 0.64% Garden/Par ks Receipts 2.13% Land Rent 49.16%

Water Connectio n Charges 0.84%

Rent on Lodge 0.67%

Rent on shopping Complex (Market) 13.09%

Fees for Bays and other receipients in the Bus stand 0.12%

Parking fees 63.89%

Collection

Procedur e

Local Revenu e Collecte d Central

EXTERN AL SOURC ES

Local Expenditur e

Local Revenu e

Local Cost Factors

Actual Service s Provide d of Cost

Administrati v e Costs

Local Service s Loan Repayment s

Borrowing

Surplu s Deficit Futur e Trend s

Stability

Financi al Balanc e

REVENUE ACCOUNT EXPENDITURE BREAK-UP Average Expenditure 2011Finance Perso nel 2016 Admin Expens es 5.52%

Expens es 4.99%

Progra m Expens es 26.81% & Repairs

Issuing Trade Licenses Implementin g Schemes

Maintenanc e 12.61%

REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE Light

REVENUE ACCOUNT INCOME BREAK-UP SERVICE CHARGES

National Legislatio n

Governmen t Transfers

Providing Basic Amenities Roads Street Lights Water Supply Public Granting Health of Drainage Building Licenses Levying of Taxes Property Tax Vacant Land Tax Profession Tax Non Tax Water Issuing Birth Charges & Death Certificates

Expenditur e Control Responsibil it y of Services

Hire Charges for Supply of Water through Private Lorries / Tankers 0.05%

Vichels Maintenanc e 26.07%

Expenses Cos 4% on t Stationary Ter 18.7min … la & Reti re Benfits Saintary / e 5% Conservan cy 2.2 Oper tin Expenses 39.30% a g Expeses Removal n 7% of 29.0

Office Buildings Maintenance Expenses 0.61% Maintenace Repairs Roads and & Pavements Concrete 0.11%

Maintenance charges to TWAD board / Metro Water Board / Water cess to Tamilnadu Pollution Control Board 41.23%

Maintenance Expenses – WaterSuppl y1.93 %

Office / Other Buildings Maintenanc e Expenses 0.12%

Maintenance Expenses – WaterSuppl y 16.85 %

OPERATING EXPENSES Fairs & Festival s 0.00%

Rent for buildings and lands 0.00%

Improveme n ts to Compost Yard 0.75%

Power Charges for Pumping Stations 24.92% Power Charges for Street Lights 25.84% Maintenanc Wage Debirs e s 0.00% Telephone6.46 ADMINISTRATIVEExpenses – Charge % Street Stationary Light s EXPENSES 0.15% 1.82% Solid Waste Manageme nt 23.86%

Others 16.52% 1.43% Repairs and Maintenace Election Roads & Expens Pavements es Black Topping & 0.03% Aphalting 2.64% Maintenance Repairs and Building Sitting Fees for Improvements Maintenace s for to Slum 3.32% Councilor Area Repairs and m s 0.95% Electricity Maintenace - n Contribution s Drains & Charges for Maintenance Stor Water s 2.31% 0.00 Culverts office of Drains, Ope % 1.50% Buildings Gardens/Park 37.46% s 5.56%

& Legal Expenses Advertisement Expens 1.78 es Printing % Charges

3.07% Other 4.36% Expenses Computer Operation al Expenses 5.78% Interest on Loans/Ways & Means Advance / Overdraft Telegra 0.00% 0.24 m % Charge News Postage and s Paper 0.38% Expenses

ISSUES AND POTENTIAL – GOVERNANCE SECTOR

ISSUES AND POTENTIAL – GOVERNANCE SECTOR Urban Governance

Index PARAMETERS

Marking (0-1) Weight(0-1)

Local government revenue per capita Ratio of actual recurrent and capital budget Local government revenue transfers Ratio of mandated to actual tax collection Predictability of transfers in local government budget

0.6

0.252010009

0.75

0.163984588

0.5

Inde x 0.151206

0.122988

0.130445107

0.65789

0.065223

0.20255466

0.7

0.133259

0.046569139

0. 8

Mark s

0.8

0. 7 0. 0. 5 6 0. 4 0.3

0.7

0.2

0.5

0.088436045

0.1

0 0.074305421 0 0.04177742 0.020889 0.5704

Weigh0.5 t

0.044218

PARAMETER S

0.5 0.4 0.3

Women councilors

policies for

Urban Governance Index 0.57125

informal

80 %

100 %

EFFECTIVENESS

0.46664 9

ACCOUNTABILITY

Accountabilit y

0.57038 1

0. 4 0.0 2

20 %

40 %

PARAMETERS Formal Publication of contracts/tenders, budgets & accounts Control by higher levels of Government

60 %

80 %

0.63117 8

Marking (0-1)

Weight(0-1)

100 % Inde x

00.121111129 0

0.75

Codes of conduct

0.081104836

0.75

0.06082 9

0.043910264

Facility for citizen complaints

0.032933 0.25 0.175251201

Anti-corruption Commission Disclosure of income/ assets

0.5

00.067042073 0 0.218442491

Independent audit

0.75

0.293138103

0.04381 3

0. 8

0.14129121

0.105968

40%

0.8 0.7 0.6

0. 4

0.4

0. 2

0.2

0.5 0.3

80 %

60%

100 % 0.5502

Weigh t 1

POTENTIAL

0.524713039 0.333717952

0 %

0. 6

0 0.10922 1 0.21985 4 0.4666

Mark s

0.26638826 0

PARICIPATION

Equit y

Participatio n 20 %

0.063029

EQUITY 0.616 8

0 %

0.08403886

0.75

Weight 0.293138103

0.75

0 %

0.8 0.6

0.381211

business0.508281671

Effectiveness

40% 60%

0.50828167

0.26638826 1

1 20%

0.75

Weigh 0 t

Kanyakumari Town Panchayat

0.252010009

Inde

Incentives for

0.20255466 0.163984588

Weight(0-1) x

Pro-poor pricing

water

0.130445107

Marking (0-1)

Citizens’ Charter: right of access to basic services

0.6

0.032598 Published performance delivery standards Consumer Satisfaction Survey Existence of a vision statement

Mark s

20 % PARAMETE R Elect S ed Coun cil Selection of Mayor

40 %

60 %

Markin g (

80 %

100 %

Weigh Inde t(0 x 0.5 0.3337 0.166859

0.75

0.5247

0.393535

0.1 0

Voter turnout

ISSUES • 1.Key source of revenue receipts for town panchayat is from OTHER INCOME category. • 2.Grants and Devolution fund comprise 30% of income, increasing the vulnerability and dependency of the town panchayat. • 3.Tourism being the major source of employment and income. Any future hazard will cause serious crisis as the income sources are not distributed. • 4.42% of expenditure is on operating and maintenance cost of infrastructure and assets. This indicates very low efficiency. • 5.Expenses on sewerage and drainage is only 1.5% of repairs and maintenance charge(12.61% of total expenditure) • 6.Operating ratio is 0.199 • 7.Cost recovery on water supply is low as there is lack of local resource. • 8.There is a vacancy of 5 sanitary workers • 9.Schemes related to health are only 4% which is reflected in MPI(ranked 8 in district)

0.5 0.070785

0.1416 0.6312

• 1.Over the past three years the status of Revenue account is SURPLUS. • 2.There is 489% growth in property tax assessments. • 3.CAGR of income is 10.32% and CAGR of expenditure is -2.79% • 4.Per capita revenue income and expenditure has grown by 35% and 20% respectively. • 5.98% of posts are occupied in the Town Panchayat office. • 6.There is scope for improving the efficiency of water supply and electricity.

Local Area Development Plan (Ward Level) Odhav, Ahmedabad

Bachelor’s Sem 3

Odhav is an residential cum industrial neighborhood in the city of Ahmedabad. Over the years, the landuse and infrastructure facilities have been degraded. Therefore a local area plan was prepared after analyzing various sectors such as demography, housing, landuse, physical and social infrastructure, industries and environment. My contribution was in the demography and landuse sector of Odhav. I was also involved in the selection of case area for the studio.

Page 37 to 40

LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT PLAN STUDIO

Thank you for your attention and time!