Food Processing Lexicon English French Kinyarwanda by APEFE asbl

FOOD PROCESSING

LEXICON ENGLISH - FRANÇAIS - KINYARWANDA

FOOD PROCESSING

LEXICON ENGLISH - FRANÇAIS - KINYARWANDA

FOREWORD This lexicon contains essentially common technical words used in the field of Food Processing in Rwanda and Burundi. It is meant for all stakeholders involved in this field like TVET trainers/teachers, students and technicians for whom this lexicon may be a friendly and useful tool. Because of the recent changes in the language of instruction in Rwanda educational sector, this trilingual lexicon may promote consistency in communications and allow a smooth adaptation to the country three official languages (Kinyarwanda, French and English). This lexicon has been developed under the financial and technical support of PAFP. Therefore, the Management of PAFP sincerely thanks everyone who helped in its preparation, including the peer readers. While we hope this lexicon will help the users, especially TVET schools trainers and students, in their daily activities, we will be grateful for any comments or suggestions in order to improve this first edition.

RUDAHUNGA Gédéon

VAN HALSEMA Wybe

Directeur d’intervention

Délégué à la Co-gestion

Authorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s note The authors are pleased to present the first edition of its Food Processing lexicon. This document provides easier access to everyone who needs trilingual (English, French, and Kinyarwanda) terminology in this field, especially in the economic context of Rwanda and Burundi. This lexicon is divided into eleven parts according to Food processing main sub-sectors: -

Meat and meat products Cereals and cereal products Fruits and vegetables Roots and Tubers Milk and Milk products Soft drinks and water

- Food analysis - Wine - Fats and Oils - Sugars and sugar products - Coffee and tea

It is essentially a compilation of technical terms commonly used and its organising principle is English alphabetic for each sub-sector. English terms are translated in French and Kinyarwanda. We would like to thank all those who have made this lexicon possible especially PAFP Management for its financial support and all contributors who dedicated a great deal of time and effort to researching and compiling the information contained within. We hope that this lexicon will be a pleasant and valuable tool mainly for trainers/teachers, students and professionals in the fields of Food processing and manufacturing. The authors Kigali, RWANDA, December 2014

AUTHORS Dr. CIZA Antoine, ATI, APEFE/PAFP Mr. NDAHETUYE Jean Baptiste, Lecturer, CAVM, UR Mr. NDUNGUTSE Vedaste, Lecturer, CAVM, UR Mr. DJANGWANI Juvénal, Lecturer, CAVM, UR Miss. UWILINGIYIMANA Vestine, Food Science, PhD Student LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Miss MUTABARUKA Ariane, Pharmacienne NDATEBWA Alphonse, transfusion sanguine NKUBITO Faustin, lecturer INES-RUHENGERI UWIMABERA Béata, Avocat-Bareau Kigali NSANZAMAHORO Faustin, Consultant in translation

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS APEFE:

“Association pour la Promotion de l’Education et de la Formation à l’Etranger”

ATI :

Assistant Technique International

CAVM :

College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine

CTB:

Copération Technique Belge

INES:

Institut d’Enseignement Supérieur

PAFP :

“Programme d’Appui à la Formation Professionnelle”

UR :

Univeristy of Rwanda

VVOB:

Vlaamse Vereniging voor Ontwikkelingssamenwerking en Technische Bijstand

WDA

Workforce Development Authority

Table of Contents MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS................................................................................1-37 CEREAL AND CEREALS PRODUCTS.................................................................38-74 FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.................................................................................75-112 ROOTS AND TUBERS........................................................................................113-127 MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS........................................................................128-161 WINE..........................................................................................................................162-186 FOOD ANALYSIS..................................................................................................187-234 FATS AND OILS....................................................................................................235-257 SUGAR AND SUGAR PRODUCTS..............................................................258-269 COFFEE AND TEA...............................................................................................270-280 SOFT DRINKS AND WATER............................................................................281-297 REFERENCES...........................................................................................................298-300

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

ENGLISH

FRANÇAIS

KINYARWANDA

Abattoir

Ibagiro

Abdominal

Ibyo mu nda

Abomasum

Kimwe mu bice bigize igifu cy’inyamaswa zuza

Acceptability

Acceptabilité

Kwemerwa/Iyemera

Acceptance test

Test d’acceptabilité

Isuzuma ryo kwemerwa

Acid

Acide

Gisharira/Ubusharire

Acidification

Acidulant

Acidifiant

Ubusharire/ Gushaririza Igitera ubusharire/ ubukarihe Bumwe mu bwoko bwa poroteyine ziboneka mu nyama Bumwe mu bwoko bwa poroteyine ziboneka mu nyama Ibyongerwa mu biryo/mu biribwa (kubera impamvu zinyuranye)

Actin

Actine

Actomyosin

Actinomyosine

Additives

Additifs

Adipose tissue

Tissu adipeux

Igice cy’umubiri gifite ibinure

Adrenal glands

Glandes surrénales

Imvubura ziba hejuru y’impyiko

Adrenaline

Adrénaline

Bumwe mu bwoko bw’imisemburo yo mu mubiri

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Ahari umwuka/ Ikinyabuzima kiba ahari umwuka

Aerobe

Aérobie

Ageing

Maturation/ Vieillissement

Air humidity

Humidité d’air

Airtight

Hermétique

Alginate

Alkaline

Alcalin

Amino acid

Acide aminé

Anaerobe

Anaérobie

Animal by-product

Sous-produit animal

Ante-mortem

Antemortem

Mbere yo kupfa kw’itungo

Antibacterial

Antibactérien

Kirwanya umugera

Antibiotic residues

Résidus d’antibiotiques

Antibiotics

Antibiotiques

Ibisigisigi bya antibiyotiki Antibiyotiki/Umuti wica umugera mu mubiri

Antimicrobial

Antimicrobien

Kirwanya umugera

Antioxidant

Antioxydant

Kibuza kwangizwa n’umwuka wa ogusijene

Uburyo bwo gutara/ Ugusaza Ubuhehere bw’umwuka Gifunze kirumije ku buryo nta mwuka utambuka Aliginate/Ubwoko bw’amasukari manini Kidasharira Kimwe mu bice byubatse poroteyine Ahatari umwuka/ Ikinyabuzima kiba ahatari umwuka Ibice by’itungo ryabazwe bifite agaciro gato

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Aponevrosis

Aponévrose

Aquaculture

Aroma

Arome

Umurya Ubworozi bwo mu mazi Impumuro

Artificial casing

Boyaux artificielle

Agahu kifashishwa mu gufubika sosiso

Ascorbic acid

Acide ascorbique

Vitamine C

Autoclave

Icyuma gikoresha umwuka w’amazi yabize mu kwica imigera

Auto-oxidation

Auto-oxydation

Kwangirika kw’ikintu bitewe n’umwuka wa ogusijene

Aw-value

Valeur d’activité d’eau

Igipimo c’amazi ari mu biryo

Back fat

Lard/Gras dorsal

Ibinure byo ku mugongo

Bacon

Lard

Inyama yo ku mbavu

Bacterium

Bactérie

Ubwoko bw’umugera/Bagiteri

Band saw

Scie à ruban

Urukero

Beef

Boeuf

Inyama y’inka

Beef dressing

Dressage de boeuf

Gutunganya inyama z’inka

Beef fat

Graisse de boeuf

Ibinure by’inka

Beef jerky

Viande de boeuf séchée

Iroti yumishijwe

Benzopyrene

Benzopyrène

Betta carotene

Bêta carotène

Autoclave

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Binder

Liant

Gifatanisha inyama n’ibirungo

Bladder

Vessie

Uruhago

Bleeding

Saignement

Kuva amaraso

Blood plasma

Plasma sanguin

Blood protein

Protéine sérique

Blood sausage

Boudin

Bone

Sosiso ikozwe mu kiremve Umuyoboro Vaisseau sanguin w’amaraso Igipimo Point d’ébullition cy’ubushyuhe ibisukika bibiriraho Os Igufa

Boning

Désossement

Gukura amagufa mu nyama

Botulism

Botulisme

Indwara ituruka ku bumara bw’inyama zandujwe n’umugera

Bound water

Eau liée

Amazi afatanye n’ibiryo cyane

Bovine

Bovin

Itungo rirerire

Bowl cutter

Moulin à viande

Icyuma gisya inyama

Brain

Cerveau

Ubwonko

Braising

Braiser

Gutogosa inyama n’akariro gake

Brine

Saumure

Amazi avanze n’umunyu

Blood vessel Boiling point

Kimwe mu bigize amaraso/Umushongi w’amaraso Poroteyine yo mu maraso

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Brine injection

Injection de saumure

Brisket

Poitrine de boeuf

Gucengeza mu nyama amazi arimo umunyu Inyama y’inkoro

Brochette

Mushikaki/Borosheti

Broiling

Cuisson sur gril

Kotsa inyama

Browning

Dorer la viande

Guhindura ibara kw’inyama yokeje

Buffalo meat

Viande de buffle

Inyama y’imbogo

Bull

Taureau

Imfizi

Burger

Hamburger

Hamburugeri

Butchery

Boucherie

Ahagurishirizwa inyama mbisi

Calf

Veau Boîte de conserve

Inyana/Umutavu

Can format

Forme de boîte de conserve

Iforomo y’agakopo kabikwamo inyama

Can seaming

Sceller une boîte de conserve

Gufunga agakopo/ umukebe

Canned meat

Viande en conserve

Inyama zo mu dukopo

Canning

Mise en boîte

Gushyira/ Gupfunyika inyama mu dukopo

Captive bolt stunning

Etourdissement au pistolet

Kurabisha inka mbere yo kuyibaga

Carbohydrates

Hydrates de carbone

Amasukari

Carboxymyoglobin

Carboxymyoglobine

Can

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Agakopo

Carcass

Carcasse

Itungo rimaze kubagwa bakuyeho ibice bifite agaciro gato

Carcass conformation

Conformation de carcasse

Ibice by’itungo rimaze kubagwa

Carcass cooling

Refroidissement de la carcasse

Gukonjesha itungo rimaze kubagwa

Carcass dressing

Dressage de la carcasse

Gutunganya itungo rimaze kubagwa

Carcass length

Longueur de la carcasse

Uburebure bw’itungo rimaze kubagwa

Carcass trimming

Parage de la carcasse

Carcass yield

Rendement à l’abattage

Carotenoid pigment

Muscle cardiaque Caroténoïde

Carrageenan

Carraghénane

Casing

Boyau

Agahu gafubika sosiso

Casing storage

Stockage des boyaux

Kubika uduhu dufubika sosiso

Cathepsin

Cathepsine

Umwe mu misemburo iba mu nyama

Cattle

Bétail

Ishyo

Cardiac muscle

Gutunganya inyama ukuraho ibidakenewe byose nk’imitsi, ibinure n’ibindi Ibiro by’itungo rimaze kubagwa ugereranyije n’ibyo ryari rifite mbere yo kubagwa Inyama y’’umutima

Cellulose

Cellulose casing

Boyau de cellulose

Cellulose fibers

Fibres de cellulose

Seliroze Agahu gafubika sosiso gakozwe muri seliroze Utudodo dukozwe muri seliroze

Cheek meat

Viande des joues

Inyama yo ku itama

Chicken

Poulet

Inyama y’nkoko

Chicken burger

Hamburger de poulet

Chicken nugget

Beignet à base de Inyama y’inkoko viande de poulet ikaranganye n’ifarini

Chicken wing

Aile de poulet

Inyama y’akaboko k’inkoko/Ibaba

Chilled food chain

Chaîne alimentaire réfrigérée

Uruhererekane rwo gukonjesha ibiryo

Chilled meat

Viande réfrigérée

Inyama zakonjeshejwe

Chilli

Piment

Urusenda

Chilling

Refroidissement

Chlorine

Chlore

Gukonjesha Kolore/Umuti usukura, wica udukoko mu mazi n’ibindi

Cholesterol

Cholestérol

Ubwoko bw’ibinure biba mu mubiri

Chuck

Paleron

Inyama yo ku rutugu

Cinnamon

Cannelle

Ubwoko bw’ikirungo gitanga icyanga

Clipping machine

Serreuse

Imashini ifunga 7

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Clostridium

Ubwoko bw’umugera

Clove

Girofle

Ubwoko bw’ikirungo

Cold chain

Chaîne du froid

Cold point

Point le plus froid

Uruhererekane ry’ibyuma bikonjesha Agace k’inkono kageraho ubushyuhe nyuma

Cold shortening

Durcissement dû au froid

Gukomera kw’inyama bitewe no kuzikonjesha ako kanya nyuma yo kubagwa

Cold smoking

Fumage à froid

Gutarisha umwotsi udashyushye

Collagen

Collagène

Collagen casing

Boyau à base de collagène

Colloid mill

Moulin pour produit colloïdal

Commercial sterility

Stérilité commerciale

Comminuting

Broyage

Gusya ikintu mo uduce dutoya

Common salt

Sel ordinaire

Umunyu

Connective tissue

Tissu conjonctif

Ingirabika mpuzanyama

Ubwoko bwa poroteyine yo mu nyama Agahu gafubika sosiso gakozwe na ‘collagène’ Icyuma gisya ibifatika biri mu bisukika Kuba ibiribwa/ ibinyobwa bitarimo utunyabuzima dushobora kubyangiza

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Consumer panel

Panel/Jury de consommateurs

Itsinda ry’abasogongezi

Cooked ham

Jambon cuit

Itako ritetse (ry’inka/ ingurube)

Cooked meat batters

Pâtées

Inyama ziseye zigizwe ahanini n’inyama y’umwijima

Cooked meat products

Produits à base de viande cuite

Inyama zitetse z’ubwoko butandukanye

Cooked sausage

Saucisse cuite

Sosiso itetse

Cooking

Cuisson

Guteka

Cooking loss

Perte dûe à la cuisson

Gutuba kw’ibiribwa bitewe no guteka

Cooking vat

Marmite

Inkono iteka

Cooling

Refroidissement

Gukonjesha

Cooling room

Chambre froide

Icyumba gikonjesherezwamo ibintu

Core temperature

Température centrale

Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe bw’imbere (nko mu nyama)

Corned beef

Korunebefu

Critical control point

Point de contrôle critique

Ahantu ha ngombwa ho kugenzura

Cryogenic freezing

Congélation cryogénique

Gukonjesha ku gipimo cyo hasi cyane

Cull

Sélection

Gutoranya amatungo

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Cure

Affinage

Uburyo bunyuranye bwo kuranzika

Cure accelerator

Accélérateur d’affinage

Icyihutisha kuranzika

Cured meat cuts

Morceaux de Viande affinée

Intongo ziranzitse

Cured-cooked meat

Viande affinée cuite

Inyama ziranzitse zitetse

Cured-raw meat

Viande affinée crue

Inyama ziranzitse mbisi

Curing

Affinage

Kuranzika

Curing adjuncts

Compléments d’affinage

Ibyunganira iranzika

Curing brine

Saumure d’affinage

Curing colour Curing period

Amazi arimo umunyu akoreshwa mu kuranzika Ibara ry’inyama ziranzitse

Couleur d’affinage Période d’affinage

Igihe iranzika rimara

Curing salt

Sel d’affinage

Umunyu ukoreshwa mu kuranzika

Cutting board

Planche pour découpage

Igikoresho bakatiraho inyama

Deboning

Désossement

Gukura amagufa mu nyama

Decontamination

Décontamination

Guhumanura

Deep fat frying

Friture profonde Gukarangisha ibinure avec de la graisse

Deep-freezing

Surgélation profonde

Gukonjesha cyane

De-hairing

Epilage

Gukuraho ubwoya

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Dehorning

Ecornage

Gukuraho amahembe

Dehydration

Déshydratation

Gukuramo amazi

Deli meats

Produits de charcuterie

Delicatessen

Charcuterie

Desiccation

Dessication

Kumagara

Detergent

Détergent

Indwanyamyanda

Diaphragm

Diaphragme

Urwugara

Dietary supplement

Complément alimentaire

Disinfection

Désinfection

Disinfection chemicals

Désinfectants chimiques

Inyongerantungamubiri Kwica umugera/ mikorobi Ibikoreshwa mu kwica umugera

Dressed weight

Poids paré

Dried meat products Dried sausage

Produits à base de viandes séchés Saucisse sèche

Inyama zatunganyijwe zitegereje kugurishwa Ahatunganyirizwa inyama/Aho inyama zatunganyijwe zigurishirizwa

Ibiro by’itungo nyuma yo kubagwa Ibikomoka ku nyama byumishijwe Sosiso yumye

Drip loss

Perte d’eau goutte à goutte

Amazi atakara avuye mu nyama

Dry ageing

Maturation à sec

Kuranzika inyama ahantu humutse

Dry curing

Affinage à sec

Kuranzika inyama ahantu humutse

Dry sausage

Saucisse sèche

Sosiso yumye

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Drying

Séchage

Kumisha

Eating quality

Qualité gustative

Ubwiza bw’ikiribwa

Edible

Comestible

Kiribwa

Elastin

Elastine

Poroteyine yo mu nyama

Electrical stunning

Etourdissement électrique

Electrocution

Emulsification

Emulsifying machine

Machine à émulsionner

Endomysium

Enterobac-teriaceae Enzymic proteolysis

Entérobactériacés Protéolyse enzymatique

Kurabisha itungo hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi Kwica itungo hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi Kuvanga amavuta n’amazi cyangwa ibinyamavuta n’ibinyamazi Imashini ivanga amavuta n’amazi cyangwa ibinyamavuta n’ibinyamazi Kimwe mu bice bigize inyama Ubwoko bw’umugera Imisemburo ikata poroteyine

Epimysium

Kimwe mu bice bigize inyama

Erythorbate

Umuti bakoresha mu guhunika inyama

Evisceration

Eviscération

Gukuramo inyama zo mu nda

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Exsanguination

Exsanguination/ Saignée

Kuva amaraso

Fassicle

Fascicule

Imitsi inyama

Fat

Graisse

Ibinure

Fatness

Embonpoint/ Adiposité

Umubyibuho/Kugira ibinure

Fatty acid

Acide gras

Aside nyarugimbu

Fecal matters

Matières fécales

Imyanda iva mu nda

Fecal wastes

Déchets fécaux

Imyanda iva mu nda

Fermentation

Gusembura

Fermented sausage

Saucisse fermentée

Sosiso isembye

Fifth quarter

Cinquième quartier

Izindi nyama zitari iroti/Ibikomoka ku itungo bitari inyama

Firmness

Fermeté/Dureté

Gukomera

Flambeing

Action de flamber

Guteka inyama uzitwitse ku muriro

Flank meat

Viande de flanc/ Flanchet

Inyama yo ku nda/ Inyama yo ku ibondo

Flat sausage

Saucisse plate

Sosiso ishashe

Flavour

Saveur

Foam cleaning

Nettoyage avec mousse

Food borne infection

Infection portée par les aliments

Uburyohe/Icyanga Gusukura hakoreshejwe urufuro Kurwara bitewe n’umugera mu biryo

Food borne intoxication

Intoxication alimentaire

Kurwara bitewe n’ubumara mu biryo

Food colouring

Colorant alimentaire

Ibitanga ibara mu biryo

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Kwandura kw’ibiryo bitewe n’ubumara bwagiyemo/ Ubuzirondwe Kumisha hakoreshejwe umwuka Intongo ivuye ku gice cy’imbere cy’itungo

Food poisoning

Intoxication d’origine alimentaire

Forced air-drying

Séchage à l’air forcé

Forequarter cut

Morceau de viande du quartier avant

Formalin

Formol

Fowl

Volaille

Freezing point

Point de congélation

Fresh sausage

Saucisse fraîche

Sosiso mbisi

Fried sausage

Saucisse frite

Sosiso ikaranze

Front limb

Membre avant/ Aile avant

Ukuboko kw’itungo

Frozen meat

Viande surgelée/ congelée

Inyama zikonje cyane

Frozen meat cutter

Broyeuse de viande congelée

Icyuma gitaka inyama zikonje

Gall

Bile

Indurwe

Gallstone

Calcul biliaire

Indwara y’agasabo k’indurwe/Akabuye

Garlic

Ail

Tungurusumu

Gelatine

Gélatine

Jelatine

Forumaline (umwuka ushobora konona ubuzima) Inkoko n’ibiguruka biribwa/Ibiguruka byororwa/Ibisankoko Igipimo cy’ubukonje amazi ahindukiraho urubura (barafu)

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Genetic modification

Modification génétique

Guhinduka bishingiye ku ndangakamere z’ikinyabuzima

Ginger

Gingembre

Tangawizi

Glass jar

Bocal/Pot en verre

Ikirahure gifite umufuniko

Globin hemochrome Glucono-delta-lactone

Globin hémochrome Glucono-deltalactone

Glycogen

Glycogène

Glycolysis

Glycolyse

Goat

Chèvre

Ubwoko bw’isukari yo mu nyama itanga ingufu mu mubiri Gushwanyagurika kw’isukari yo mu nyama itanga ingufu mu mubiri Ihene

Good hygienic practices

Bonnes pratiques d’hygiène

Imigenzereze yubahiriza isuku

Greening

Verdissage

Gusa n’icyatsi kibisi

Grilling

Griller

Kotsa

Grind

Broyer

Gusya

Grinder

Broyeur/Moulin à viande

Imashini isya inyama

Growth promoters

Facteurs de croissance

Ibifasha gukura

Guar gum

Gomme de guar

Guts

Boyaux/Intestins

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Isukari ndende ituma ibintu bifatana Amara

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Halali/Uburyo bwo kubaga mu idini rya kiyisilamu Kubaga hakurikijwe umuco w’abayisilamu

Halal

Halal slaughter

Abattage halal

Ham

Jambon

Hamburger

Hanging racks

Rampes de suspension

Aho bamanika inyama

Head meat

Viande de tête

Inyama yo ku mutwe

Heart

Coeur

Umutima

Heat coagulation

Coagulation à la chaleur

Gufatana bitewe n’ubushyuhe

Heel muscle

Muscle du talon

Inyama yo ku gitsi

Hemoglobin

Hémoglobine

Imogolobine/ Ngengadusoro ntuku

Hide

Cuir

High pressure cleaning

Nettoyage à haute pression

Hind shank

Jarret

Hind shin

Tibia postérieur

Inyama yo ku rujishiro (y’akaboko)

Hindquarter cut

Morceau de viande du quartier arrière

Intongo y’inyama ivuye ku gice cy’inyuma cy’itungo

Hoof

Sabot

Ikinono

Hook

Crochet

Koroshe/Ingobe

Inyama y’itako itunganyijwe

Uruhu rukannye Guhanagura hakoreshejwe ingufu z’umwuka/amazi Inyama yo ku rujishiro (y’akaguru)

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Horn

Corne

Ihembe

Hot shortening

Rapetissement à chaud

Gukomeza inyama hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe

Hot smoking

Fumage à chaud

Gutarisha umwotsi ushyushye

Hot-boning

Désossage à chaud

Gukura amagufa mu nyama itungo rikimara kubagwa

Hotdog

Hot-dog

Ubwoko bwa sosiso

Hurdle technology

Technologie de Hurdle

Hydroxyproline

Hygrometer

Hygromètre

Ingredients

Ingrédients

Ibitekwa/Ibirungo

Injection curing

Affinage/ Salaison par injection

Kuranzika inyama hakoreshejwe gucengezamo imyunyu

Intermuscular fat

Graisse intermusculaire

Ibinure byo hagati y’inyama

Internal organs

Organes internes

Inyama zo mu nda

Intestines

Intestins Graisse intrafibre Graisse intramusculaire

Amara

Intrafibre fat Intramuscular fat

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Urukomatane rw’uburyo bwo kurwanya mikorobi Ubwoko bwa aside amine Icyuma gipima ubuhehere/ubutote bw’umwuka

Ibinure byo mu mitsi Ibinure byo mu nyama

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Inyama zitagengwa n’ubushake bw’ikinyabuzima mu mikorerere yazo Gutwika hakoreshejwe imirasire Kwegerana kw’inyama (uburebure ntibuhinduka) Kwegerana kw’inyama (uburebure burahinduka)

Involuntary muscles

Muscles involontaires

Irradiation

Isometric contraction

Contraction isométrique

Isotonic contraction

Contraction isotonique

Juiciness

Jutosité

Ubuzibuzi

Kebab

Kebab/Brochette

Mushikaki

Kidney

Rein

Impyiko

Kneading

Malaxage/ Pétrissage

Kuvanga uponda

Knocking

Coup (action de frapper)

Kurabisha (itungo)

Lactic starter

Ferment lactique

Lairage

Zone d’attente

Umusemburo lagitike Urupangu

Lamb

Agneau

Umwana w’intama

Lard

Amavuta y’ingurube

Leather

Saindoux Roti/Viande maigre de muscle Cuir

Ligaments

Imirya

Lean muscle meat

Iroti Uruhu rukannye

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Umunwa w’inyamaswa(wo hasi cyangwa hejuru) Gutwikwa na ogusijene kw’ibinyamavuta

Lip

Babine

Lipid oxidation

Oxydation des lipides

Lipid rancidity

Rancidité des lipides

Kwangirika kw’ibinyamavuta

Liquid smoke

Fumée liquide

Umwotsi wahindutse igisukika

Liver

Foie

Inyama y’umwijima

Liver sausage

Saucisse de foie

Live-weight

Poids vif

Loin

Echine/Filet

Sosiso y’umwijima Ibiro by’itungo rikiri rizima Umuhore/Ifire

Luncheon meat

Inyama zitunganyije zikase ziteye nk’umugati

Lungs

Poumons

Ibihaha

Lymph nodes

Ganglions lymphatiques

Inturugunyu

Maillard reaction

Réaction Maillard

Igikorwa kiba iyo isukari ihuye na poroteyine hari ubushyuhe ikintu kigasa n’ibihogo

Marbling

Persillage

Inyama irimo ibinure byinshi

Maturation

Uburyo bwo kubika inyama hagamijwe kongera uburyohe

Maturity

Maturité

Kugera ku kigero cy’ubukure

Meat

Viande

Inyama

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Meat additives

Additifs de viande

Ibyongerwa mu nyama/Inyunganizi z’inyama

Meat ball

Boulette de viande

Buleti (y’inyama)

Meat binder

Liant pour viande

Igifatanisha inyama

Meat blender

Mélangeur de viande

Meat canning Meat curing Meat extenders Meat extract Meat exudate

Icyuma kivanga inyama Gushyira inyama mu Mise en conserve dukopo, zigatekwa, de viande zikamara igihe kirekire Affinage de Kuranzika inyama viande Additif de viande Ibyongera poroteyine à base protéique/ cyangwa izindi ntungamubiri mu Allongeur de nyama viande Extrait de viande Exsudat de viande

Ibikomoka ku nyama Amazi ava mu nyama Ibyongera umubyimba w’ibikomoka ku nyama Icyanga cy’inyama

Meat fillers

Remplisseurs de viande

Meat flavor

Saveur de viande

Meat floss

Fil de viande

Inyama zitunganyije ziteye k’utudodo

Meat grading

Catégorisation de viande

Gushyira inyama mu byiciro

Meat grinder

Broyeur de viande/Moulin à viande

Icyuma gisya inyama

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Meat inspection

Inspection de la viande

Gusuzuma inyama

Meat juiciness

Jutosité de la viande

Kugira amazi kw’inyama

Meat massager

Masseur de viande

Icyuma cyoroshya inyama

Meat mincer

Hachoir à viande

Icyuma gisya inyama

Meat mixer

Mélangeur de viande

Icyuma kivanga inyama

Meat paste

Pâté de viande

Inombe y’inyama

Meat pigment Meat preservation Meat processing Meat products Meat quality Meat ripening Meat smoking Meat souring Meat species

Pigment de la viande Conservation de la viande Transformation de la viande Produits à base de viande Qualité de la viande Maturation de la viande Fumage de la viande Acidificaton de la viande Espèce de viande

Irangabara ry’inyama Kubika inyama Gutunganya inyama Ibikomoka ku nyama Ubwiza bw’inyama Kuranzika inyama Kuranzika inyama hakoreshejwe umwotsi Kurura kw’inyama Ubwoko bw’inyama

Meat swelling capacity

Capacité de gonflement de la viande

Kubyimba kw’inyama

Meat taste

Goût de la viande

Uburyohe bw’inyama

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Meat tenderization Meat tenderizer

Attendrissement de la viande Attendrisseur de viande

Koroshya inyama Icyoroshya inyama

Meat tenderness

Tendreté de la viande

Koroha kw’inyama

Meat tumbler

Barratte pour viande

Icyuma gikaraga inyama

Meatloaf

Pain de viande

Meat-producing systems

Systèmes de production de viande

Umugati w’inyama Uburyo bwo korora no gutunganya amatungo atanga inyama

Metmyoglobin

Metmyoglobine

Microbiological

Microbiologique

Microbiological criteria

Critères Ibigenderwaho ku microbiologiques bumenyi bw’imigera

Microorganism

Micro-organisme

Akanyabuzima/ Umugera

Modified atmospheres

Atmosphères modifiées

Imyuka iri mu kintu yahinduwe

Mono sodium glutamate

Glutamate de sodium/ Glutamate monosodique

Monogastric

Monogastrique

Mould

Moisissure Couleur de muscle

Muscle colour

Cyerekeye ubumenyi bw’imigera

Ikinyabuzima bifite uruhago rw’igifu rumwe Uruhumbu Ibara ry’inyama

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Muscle fibers Mutton

Fibres musculaires Viande de mouton

Ubukoco bw’inyama Inyama y’intama Ubukoco bw’inyama buto Gifitanye isano n’bukoco bw’inyama buto

Myofibril

Myofibrille

Myofibrillar

Myofibrillaire

Myoglobin

Myoglobine

Myosin

Myosine

Natural casings

Boyaux naturels

Nebulin

Nébuline

Neck

Cou

Ijosi

Needle brine injection

Aiguilles pour injection de saum-ure

Inshinge zicengeza mu nyama umunyu uri mu mazi

Neutral cleaning agents

Produits de nettoyage neutres

Nitric oxide myoglobin Nitrite Nitrite curing salt Nitrosamine Nitrosomyoglobin Nitrosylhemochrome

Agahu karemano gafubika sosiso

Myoglobine d’oxyde nitrique/Nitrosomyoglobine Nitrite Sel de saumure à base de nitrite Nitrosamine Nitrosomyoglobine Nitrosylhemochrome

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Noix de muscade

Ikirungo cy’inyama kiryohera gifite impumuro nziza

Nutritive value

Valeur nutritive

Umumaro w’ibiribwa/ ibinyobwa

Oesophagus

Oesophage

Umuhogo

Offals

Abats

Ibirapfa

Onset phase of rigor

Phase de début de la rigidité

Igihe inyama zitangira gukomera

Oregano

Origan

Ikimera gihumura neza (ikirungo)

Organic meat

Viande organique

Inyama z’umwimerere

Organoleptic test

Test organoleptique

Gusogongera/ Kumva/Kubonja

Osmotic dehydration

Déshydratation osmotique

Kumisha

Ovine

Ovin

Amatungo magufi

Nutmeg

Ikibarutsa gutwika hakoreshejwe ogusijene Gutwika hakoreshejwe ogusijene

Oxidant

Oxydant

Oxidation

Oxydation

Oxygen barrier

Barrière à l’oxygène

Ikizitira ogusijene

Oxygenation

Oxygénation

Kongeramo ogusijene

Oxymyoglobin

Oximyoglobine

Packaging

Conditionnement/ Empaquetage

Gutunganya no gupakira

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Pale soft exudative meat

Viande pâle, molle et exsudative

Gutakaza amazi kw’inyama z’itungo ryabazwe nabi

Pan frying

Friture à la poêle

Gukaranga ku ipanu

Pan-broiling

Grillade sur casserole/Pangril

Kotsa ku ipanu

Pancreas

Pancréas

Impindura

Papain

Papaïne

Papayine

Paprika

Papurika (ikirungo)

Parboiling

Etuvage

Pasteurisation

Pathogen

Pathogène

Patties

Pâtés

Inyama ziseye cyane

Pepper

Piment

Urusenda

Perforated disc

Disque perforé

Idisike itoboye

Perimysium

Imitsi iba mu nyama

Peroxidation

Peroxydation

Peroxide value

Teneur en peroxyde

Phosphate

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Uburyo bwo gutekesha umwuka Gushyushya/Kubiza hagamijwe kwica udukoko Igihumanya/Igitera indwara

Gutwikwa kw’amavuta gutewe na ogusijene Urugero rwo gutwikwa kw’amavuta gutewe na ogusijene

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Phospholipases

Phospholipids

Phospholipides

Photochemical oxidation

Oxydation photochimique Saumurage/ Conservation au vinaigre

Pickling Pig

Ogusijene Kubika muri vinaigre Ingurube

Pig meat

Porc Déshabillage et éviscération du porc Viande de porc

Pimento

Piment

Urusenda

Plastics package

Emballage en plastique

Uruhago rukozwe muri palasitike

Plate meat

Viande en plaques

Ubwoko bw’inyama

Pork

Porc

Inyama z’ingurube

Pig dressing

Pork skin mix Post-mortem

Mélange de peaux de porc Post-mortem/ Après la mort

Post-mortem acidification

Acidification post-mortem

Post-mortem glycolysis

Glycolyse postmortem

Post-mortem inspection

Inspection postmortem

Kubaga ingurube Inyama z’ingurube

Ibikonjo Nyuma yo gupfa kw’itungo Gusharira kw’inyama nyuma yo gupfa kw’itungo Gukatika kw’amasukari nyuma yo gupfa kw’itungo Gusuzuma inyama nyuma yo gupfa kw’itungo

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Post-mortem proteolysis

Protéolyse postmortem

Gukatika kwa poroteyine nyuma yo gupfa kw’itungo

Post-mortem rigor mortis

Rigidité cadavérique post-mortem

Kugagara kw’inyama nyuma yo gupfa kw’itungo

Postrigor meat

Etat de la viande après la rigidité cadavérique

Imiterere y’inyama yo kugagara

Poultry

Volaille

Amatungo aguruka/ Ibisankoko/Ibiguruka

Prebiotic

Prébiotique

Intungamubiri zifasha bagiteri nziza mu mubiri

Precooking

Précuisson

Gutunganya inyama mbere yo kuziteka

Pre-rigor meat

Etat de la viande avant la rigidité cadavérique

Inyama ziboneka mbere yuko ziba zabanje gukomera nyuma yo gupfa kw’itungo

Preservation

Conservation

Uburyo bwo kubika kubika/Guhunika/ Gufata neza

Preservative

Conservant

Ibyongerwa mu biryo bigafasha kubikwa igihe kirekire/Gifata neza/Kibungabunga

Pressure cooker

Marmitte à pression

Inkono ifunze inyuma hose

Primal cut

Coupe primaire

Inyama za mbere zivuye ku itungo ryabazwe

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Probiotic

Probiotique

Bagiteri ifasha ubuzima bwiza bwo mu nda

Protein

Protéine

Poroteyine

Putrefaction

Putréfaction

Kubora

Quenching

Trempage

Kwinika mu mazi

Rancidity

Rancidité

Gupfa kw’amavuta

Raw

Cru

Kibisi

Raw cured beef

Viande de boeuf affiné cru

Inyama y’inka idatetse iranzitse

Raw ham

Jambon cru

Inyama y’itako mbisi

Raw-fermented sausage

Saucisson traitée seulement par fermentation

Sosiso itaze kandi

Reddening

Rougeur

Gutukura

Refrigeration chain

Chaîne de réfrigération

Uruhererekane rw’uburyo bwo gukonjesha

Rehydration

Réhydratation

Kongeramo amazi

Relative humidity

Humidité relative

Ubuhehere bw’umwuka

Rendering

Equarissage

Guteka kw’inyama hagamijwe gukuramo amavuta

Rennet

Présure

Ubwoko bw’umusemburo renete

Residues

Résidus

Ibisigazwa

Resting period

Période de repos

Igihe cy’ikiruhuko

Resting time

Temps de repos

Igihe cy’ikiruhuko

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Retail cuts

Retort

Retortable pouches Rib meat cut Rib set

Morceaux de viande pour le commerce au détail

Autoclave

Poches stérilisables (à l’autoclave) Coupe de viande des côtes Ensemble de côtes

Inyama zo kudandaza Icyuma gishyushya hakoreshejwe umwuka ushyushye/ Icyuma gikoresha umwuka w’amazi yabize mu kwica umugera Uduhago two kubikamo ibiribwa igihe kirekire Inyama z’urubavu Imbavu

Rigor Mortis

Rigidité cadavérique

Gukomera kw’inyama nyuma yo gupfa kw’itungo

Rind

Peau

Uruhu

Ripening

Maturation

Kubika hagamjwe kongera uburyohe

Ritual slaughter

Abattage rituel

Kubaga hakurikijwe imihango

Roasting

Rôtir

Kotsa

Rumen

Panse/Rumen

Uruhago rwo mu gifu/Igifu kinini cy’indyabyatsi zuza

Ruminant

Rump

Croupe

Saccharose

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Itungo ryuza Inyama yo k’Inguge y’amatungo maremare Ubwoko bw’Isukari 29

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Salimeter

Salinomètre

Icyuma gipima urugero rw’umunyu

Salinity

Salinité

Urugero rw’umunyu

Salt

Sel

Umunyu

Salting

Salaison

Kuranzikisha umunyu

Sanitation

Assainissement

Isukura

Sanitation scheme

Programme/Plan d’assainissement

Uburyo bw’isukura

Sarcolemma

Sarcolemme

Sarcoplasm

Sarcoplasme

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Réticulum sarcoplasmique

Sausage

Saucisse

Sosiso

Sausage casing

Boyau à saucisse

Agahu gafubika sosiso

Sausage clipping Sausage linking Sausage ripening

Clampage et ligature de saucisse Enchaînement de saucisse Maturation de saucisse

Sausage stuffer

Poussoir à saucisse

Sausage stuffing

Bourrage de saucisse

Sausage twisting

Torsion de saucisse

Gufunga sosiso Guhambira sosiso Kuranzika sosiso Icyuma gishyira inyama ziseye mu gahu kazifubika Gushyira inyama ziseye mu gahu kazifubika Guheta sosiso

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Gushyushya cyane hagamijwe gukuraho ubwoya (ingurube) Guhyaramo ibirungo kugirango ibintu biryohe

Scalding

Echaudage

Seasoning

Assaisonnement

Semi-dry sausage

Saucisse semisèche

Sosiso itumutse neza

Separator

Séparateur

Gitandukanya

Shank meat cut

Morceau de viande provenant du jarret

Inyama iva ku maboko y’inka

Sheep

Mouton

Intama

Sheep casing

Boyau de mouton

Agahu gafubika inyama kava ku ntama (amara y’intama)

Sheep dressing Shelf life

desahabillement, evisceration Durée de conservation

Kubaga intama Igihe cyo kubikwa

Shelf-stable

Longue conservation

Ikiribwa kibikwa igihe kirekire/ Kitangirika vuba

Shortening

raffermissement

Gukomera

Shrinking

Rétrécissement/ Rapetissement

Kugabanuka mu mubyimba

Simmer

Simmering

Faire cuire à petit feu/Mijoter/ Mitonner Cuisson à petit feu/Action de mijoter

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Gutekesha akariro gake Gutekesha akariro gake

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Singeing Single-layer films

Brûler légèrement/ Flambage Films à une seule couche

Kubabura hagamijwe gukuraho ubwoya (ingurube) Igitambaro Inyama iva ku mugongo w’inka

Sirloin

Aloyau

Skeleton muscle

Muscle squelettique

Skim milk

Lait écrémé

Skin

Peau

Inyama zo kumagufwa Amata adafite amavuta/Amacunda Uruhu

Skinning

Dépouillement

Gukuraho uruhu

Slaughter by-products

Sous-produits d’abattage

Umusaruro nyuma yo kubaga ibyangombwa bivuyemo

Slaughterhouse

Abattoir

Ibagiro

Slaughtering yield

Rendement d’abattage

Umusaruro nyuma yo kubaga

Slaughterline

Urukurikirane Ligne d’abattage rw’ibikorwa mu gihe cy’ibagwa

Smoke

Fumée

Smoked sausage

Saucisse fumée

Smokehouse

Fumoir

Smoking

Fumage

Smooth muscle

Muscle lisse

Solar dryer

Séchoir solaire

Umwotsi Sosiso yokejwe mu mwotsi Urwokerezo (rukoresha umwotsi) Kotsa (hakoreshejwe umwotsi) Icyuma cyumisha hakoreshejwe imirasire y’izuba

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Solar drying

Séchage solaire

Kumisha hakoreshejwe imirasire y’izuba

Soy protein

Protéine de soja

Poroteyine ya soya

Spices

Epices

Spices extracts

Extraits d’épices

Spleen

Rate

Urwagashya

Splitting

Scission

Gukata/Gusatura

Spoilage

Détérioration

Kwangirika

Spores

Ubusigosigo

Stabilizer

Stabilisateur

Kibuza guhinduka kw’ibintu

Stainless steel

Acier inoxydable

Icyuma kitagwa ingese

Starch

Amidon

Isukari iva mu bimera

Starter cultures

Levain

Umusemburo

Steak

Bifteck

Steam pasteurization

Pasteurisation à la vapeur

Steaming meat

Cuire la viande à la vapeur

Sterilization

Stérilisation

Iroti Uburyo bwo kwica mikorobi hakoreshejwe umwuka utwika Guteka inyama hakoreshejwe umwuka ushyushye Guteka / Gusyushya hagamijwe kwica imigera yose

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Indyoshyandyo/ Ibirungo ibikomokamu birungo

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Guteka mu mazi cyangwa mu amavuta uvanga Gukata imitsi yo mu muhogo iyobora amaraso Gukaranga mu mavuta menshi ugaragura

Stewing

Cuisson à la casserole

Sticking

Couper les vaisseaux sanguins

Stir frying

sauter en remuant

Striated muscle

Muscle strié

Stuffer

Embosseur

Icyuma gishyira inyama ziseye mu gahu kazifubika

Stunning

Etourdissement

Kurabisha itungo (mbere yo kuryica)

Stunning efficacy

Efficacité d’étourdissement

Kurabisha itungo neza

Subcutaneous fat

Graisse souscutanée

Ibinure byo munsi y’uruhu

Sugar

Sucre

Isukari

Swab

Ecouvillon

Igikoresho gifasha mu gufata igisuzumwa

Tail

Queue

Umurizo

Tallow

Suif

Urugimbu

Tanning

Tannage

Gukana uruhu

Tenderizer

Attendrisseur

Icyoroshya inyama

Tenderizing

Attendrissement

Koroshya inyama

Tenderloin

Filet

Inyama iva ku mugongo/Umuhore

Tendon

Umurya/Umutsi

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Urugero rw’ubukomere/ Ibigize inyama Gukomera kw’inyama nyuma yo kuva muri barafu

Texture

Thaw rigor

Rigueur de dégel

Thermometer

Thermomètre

Icyuma gipima ubushyuhe

Thyme

Thym

Ubwoko bw’ikirungo

Thymus

Tongue meat

Langue

Inyama y’ururimi

Trachea

Trachée artère

Igihogohogo

Transglutaminase

Triglycerides

Triglycérides

Trimming of meat

Parage de viande

Tropomyosin

Tropomyosine

Troponin

Troponine

Tumbler

Barratte

Tumbling

Culbutage/ Barrattage

Turkey meat

Viande de dindon

Inyama za dendo

Udder

Pis

Icebe

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Bimwe mu bigize ibinure Gutunganya inyama ukuraho ibidakenewe byose nk’imitsi, ibinure n’ibindi

Icyuma gikaraga inyama kugirango zorohe Gukaragwa kw’inyama kugirango zorohe

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Udder fat

Graisse du pis

Ibinure byo mu icebe

Vacuum packaging

Emballage sous vide

Gupakira nta mwuka uhari

Vacuum packer

Emballeur sousvide

Vacuum stuffer

Embosseur sous-vide

Icyuma gipakira nta mwuka uhari Icyuma gishyira inyama mu duhu tuzifubika nta mwuka uhari

Variety meats

Viandes de variété/Abats

Inyama z’imvange

Veal

Viande de veau

Inyama z’inyana

Venison Visceral organs Voluntary muscles

Venaison/ Viande Inyama z’umuhigo de gibier Organes viscéraux/ Inyama zo munda Viscères Inyama zigengwa Muscles n’ubushake volontaires bw’ikinyabuzima

Warm over flavour

Saveur due au sur-chauffement

Impumuro yo gushyirira

Water

Eau

Amazi

Water activity

Activité de l’eau

Urugero rw’amazi ari mu biryo

Water holding capacity

Capacité de retention d’eau

Ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi

Wet curing

Salaison humide

Kuranzika inyama mu mazi

White meat

Viande blanche

Inyama z’inkoko, urukwavu n’ifi

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

White meat products

Produits à base de viande blanche

Ibikomoka ku nyama z’inkoko, urukwavu n’ifi

Yearling mutton

Mouton d’un an

Inyama z’intama y’umwaka umwe

Yeast

Levure

Umusemburo

Yield

Rendement

Umusaruro

Zero tolerance

Tolérance zéro

Nta kwihanganirwa/ Nta mugera n’umwe uri ahantu

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Lexicon in English - Franรงais - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

ENGLISH

FRANÇAIS

KINYARWANDA

Abrasive

Abrasif

Gikuba/Giharatura

Activated carbon Filtre à charbon actif filter

Activated sludge

Boues activées

Active dried yeast

Levure sèche active

Additives

Additifs

Adhumulon

Akayungirizo gakura imyanda gakoresheje ubwoko bw’amakara Icyondo cyirimo bagiteri zisukura imyanda iva mu nganda Umusemburo wumye Ibyongerwa mu biryo/mu binyobwa (kubera impamvu zinyuranye) Ibyongerwa mu nzoga byongera uburyohe n’impumuro

Adjunct

Complément

Adlupulon

Aeration

Aération

Aerobic

Aérobie

Affinity

Affinité

Kutazirana

Airlock

Hermétique

Ahadaca umwuka

Albumin

Albumine

Alubimine/Ubwoko bwa poroteyine

Alcohol flavor

Saveur d’alcool

uburyohe by’inzoga

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Gucisha umwuka mu bintu Ahari umwuka/ Kigomba umwuka/ Ngombamwuka

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Alcohol-free beer

Bière sans alcool

Inzoga itarimo alukoro

Ale

Type de bière

Ubwoko bw’inzoga

Ale yeast

Levure pour bière Ale

Aleurone layer

Couche d’aleurone

All-purpose flour

Farine à usages multiples

Alpha-amylase

Alveograph

Alvéographe

Icyuma gipima ifu ikorwamo umugati

Amino acid

Acide aminé

Kimwe mu bice byubatse poroteyine

Amorphous form

Forme amorphe

Amylases

Amyloglucosidase Amylolytic enzymes Amylopectin

Amyloplast

Amylose 39

Umusemburo w’inzoga yubwoko ale Agace kurubuto bw’impeke Ifu ikorwamo ibintu binyuranye

Imisemburo ikata amasukari maremare Imisemburo ikata Amyloglucosidase amasukari maremare ihereye inyuma Imisemburo ikata Enzymes amylolytiques amasukari maremare yitwa amiloze Isukari ndende Amylopectine ishamitse Igice kigize igihingwa Amyloplaste cy’igiti gikora intungamubiri sitace (isukari ndende) Isukari ndende Amylose irambuye Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Anticaking agent Agent antiagglomérant

Ikibuza gufatana mw’ifu

Antifirming agent

Agent antiraffermissant

Ikibuza gukomera (mu biryo)

Apex separator

Séparateur à partir du sommet

Arabinoxylans

Arabinoxylanes

Aroma

Arome

Impumuro

Ascorbic acid

Acide ascorbique (Vitamine C)

Vitamine C

Ash

Cendre

Ivu

Aspirator

Aspirateur

Atomiser

Atomiseur

Attrition

Usure

Gukuba ikintu ku kindi

Attrition milling

Usure due au broyage

Gusya hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukuba

Auto-oxidation

Auto-oxydation

Kwangirika kw’ikintu bitewe n’umwuka wa ogusijene

Avena sativa L

Avoine commune L/ avena sativa L

Impeke Avena sativa L

B vitamin

Vitamine B

Bagel

Ubwoko bw’umugati wa bageli

Bagging

Ensachage

Gupakira mu mifuka

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Icyuma gikurura umwuka Icyuma gihindura ibisukirwa mo ifu

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Baguette

Ubwoko bw’umugati muremure

Baker

Boulanger

Umuntu ukora imigati

Baking soda

Bicarbonate de soude

Bikarubonate Ubwoko bw’ikinyampeke cyengwamo inzoga Inzoga kengwamo inzoga y’ubwoko bwa ale

Barley

Orge

Barley ale

Orge pour bière Ale

Barley syrup

Sirop d’orge

Siro ikozwe muri ‘orge’

Barometric filler

Remplisseur barométrique/Charge barométrique

Akayungirizo gakoreshwa n’ingufu z’umwuka

Batch fermentation

Fermentation discontinue

Gutara

Batch mixer

Mélangeur discontinu

Imashini ivanga mu bice bice

Batch oven

Four discontinu

Ifuru yotsa mu bice bice

Batten

Liteaux

Umutozo

Batter

Pâte à crêpe

Igipondo cyoroshye

Beer

Bière

Inzoga

Beer fullness

Plénitude de la bière

Inzoga ihiye

Beer haziness

Turbidité de la bière

Kwijima kw’inzoga

Beer mouthfeel

Sensation de bière dans la bouche/Goût de la bière dans la bouche

Uburyohe bw’inzoga

Beeswing

Lie

Itende

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Belt conveyor

Bande transporteuse

Uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu mu ruganda

Benzoyl peroxide

Peroxyde de benzoyle

Ikoreshwa mu kwerurutsa ifu

Betta amylase

Bêta amylase

Umusemburo ukata amasukari

Betta-glucan

Bêta glucane

Ubwoko bw’isukari ndende

Biocatalysis

Biocatalyse

Gusembura bitewe n’ikinyabuzima

Biomass

Biomasse

Umusaruro w’ibiva mu binyabuzima/ Ibikomoka ku binyabuzima

Birefringence

Double réfringence

Biscuits

Ibisuguti

Bitter

Amer

Kirura

Bitterness

Amertume

Uburure

Bleaching

Blanchiment

Kwerurutsa/ Gukuramo ibara

Blending

Mélanger

Kuvanga

Blending bin

Caisse pour mélange

Indobo yo kuvangiramo

Block flow

Ecoulement en bloc

Bolt

Boulon

Iburo

Bottling

Mise en bouteilles

Gushyira mu macupa

Bottom fermentation

Basse fermentation

Uburyo bwo gusembura

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Brabender

Bran

Son

Bran duster

Machine pour séparer le son du blé par frottement

Icyuma gipima ubwiza bw’ igipondo cy’ifu Agashishwa k’ikinyampeke Icyuma gihanagura uduce twimpeke twasigaye kurusyo

Bran flattening roll

Rouleau d’aplatissement de son

Icyuma kibwatisha uruhu rw’imbuto

Bran layer

Couche de son

Igice kigize urubuto rw’impeke

Bran speck

Poussière de son

Ibiheri

Brandy

Cognac/Brandy

Divayi iva mu mbuto (zitari imizabibu)

Bread crumb

Miette de pain

Ibice by’imigati

Bread crust

Croûte de pain

Umutwe w’umugati

Bread depanning

Démoulage de pain

Gukura umugati ku ipanu

Bread firming

Affermissement du pain

Gukomera k’umugati

Bread flour

Farine à pain

Ifu y’imigati/ifarini

Bread slicing

Découpage en tranches de pain

Gukata umugati mo uduce

Bread staling

Altération du pain

Kwangirika k’umugati

Break

Coupure/Cassure

Gukata

Breakfast cereals

Céréales (pour le petit déjeuner)

Impeke

Brewer

Brasseur

Umwenzi

Brewery

Brasserie

Urwengero

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Brewery effluents

Effluents de brasserie/ Rejets de la brasserie

Ibiva mu rwengero

Brewhouse

Brasserie

Urwengero

Brewing

Brassage

Kwenga

Brewing liquor

Liqueur

Amavu/Inzoga ikaze

Brewing water

Eau de brassage

Amazi yo kwenga

Brewing yeast

Levure de brassage

Umusemburo wo kwenga

Brown ale

Bière brune

Inzoga isa n’ikigina

Brown bread

Pain brun

Brown rice

Riz brun

Brush machine

Brosse

Uburoso

Bucket

Seau

Indobo

Bug wheat

Insecte ravageur de blé

Imungu y’ingano

Bulk delivery

Livraison en gros/en vrac

Bulk fermentation

Fermentation en vrac

Kugemura ibintu byinshi icyarimwe Gusembura/Gutara ibintu byinshi icyarimwe

Bulk storage

Stockage en vrac

Guhunika ibintu byinshi icyarimwe

By-products

Sous-produits

Ibisigara nyuma yo gutunganya ibiribwa/ibinyobwa

Cake

Gâteau

Gato/Umugati )

Cakes board

Plateau à gâteau

Icyo baterekaho gato

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Umugati usa n’ikigina Umuceri usa n’’ikigina

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Caloric value

Valeur calorique

Canned rice

Riz en conserve

Urugero rw’intungamubiriri (ingufu) zituruka mu biryo Umuceri wo mu dukopo umara igihe kirere

Canning

Mise en conserve

Gushyira mu dukopo, ugateka kugirango bimare igihe kirekire

Caramel

Isukari ikaranze

Caramel flavor

Saveur de caramel

Icyanga cy’isukari ikaranze

Caramelization

Caramélisation

Gukaranga isukari/ Gushyira isukari ikaranze mu kintu

Carbonation

Carbonation/ Gazéification

Caryopsis

Caryopse

Ubwoko bw’imbuto

Cellulose

Seliroze

Centrifugation

Gutandukanya ibintu hakoreshejwe kubikaraga

Chaff

Balle/palette

Ubwayi

Chapatis/ Chappattis

Chappattis

Capati

Chewiness

Masticabilité

Ugukacangika/ Uguhekenyeka

Chocolate

Chocolat

Shokola

Clarification

Gucayuka/ kweruruka kw’ibisukika

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Clarifying agent

Agent de clarification/ Agent clarifiant

Ikintu gituma ibisukika bicayuka

Coating

Enduit/Enrobage

Gusiga (amavuta)

Cockle separator

Séparateur de coque

Icyuma cy’umutemeri gitandukanya ibintu

Cohumulon

Cold stabilization

Stabilisation à froid

Cold wort

Moût froid

Kubika inzoga (divayi) ahantu hakonje kugirango idafatana Ikivuge gikonje

Colour grade

Echelle de couleur

Indangabara

Colupulon

Common wheat

Blé

Ingano

Compensating weight

Poids compensateur

Ibiro byuzuza

Conditioner

Conditionneur

Ikimeza neza

Conditioning

Conditionnement

Kumeza neza

Confectioneries

Confiseries

Ahakorerwa bombo nibijyanye nayo

Continuous fermentation

Fermentation en continu

Gusembura cyangwa gutara bikomeza

Continuous oven Convenience foods Conveying

Four en continu

Ifuru ikomeza

Transporter

Gutwara

Conveyors

Transporteur

Igitwara

Cooked noddles

Nouilles cuites

Makaroni zitetse

Biscuits/Cookies

Igisuguti

Corn

Maïs

Ibigori

Aliments de commodité Ibiryo biteguye

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Corn based snacks

Casse-croûte à base de maïs

Ibyo kwica isari bigizwe ahanini n’ibigori

Corn flakes

Flocons de maïs

Ubwoko bw’ibiryo bikozwe mu bigori

Corn gluten feed

Aliment à base de gluten de maïs

Ibiryo by’amatungo by’ibigori birimo guluteyine

Cotton filter pads

Tampons filtrants en cotton/Disques filtrants en cotton

Utuyungirizo dukozwe mu ipamba

Cotton seed oil

Huile de coton/Huile de Amavuta y’ipamba graines/pépins de coton

Covalent bonds

Liaisons covalentes

Cracker

Craquelin

Ubwoko bw’ibisuguti

Cracking

Ecraser/Fissurer

Gusatura

Craking patern

Modèle de craquage

Uburyo bwo gusatura

Cream ale

Bière cremeuse

Inzoga ifashe Ifu y’umweru yongerwa mu byo kurya bitandukanye Umugati ukomeye, umanyagurika/ uvungagurika

Cream of tartar

Crème du tartre

Crispbread

Pain croustillant/ croquant

Crispness

Croustillant/Croquant

Kumanyagurika/ Kuvungagurika

Croissant

Ubwoko bw’umugati uhese

Crumbly dough

Pâte friable

Igipondo gicikagurika

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Gufatana kw’isukari cyangwa ikindi kintu

Crystalization

Cristallisation

Crystalline region

Région cristalline

Cubic capacity

Capacité volumétrique

Umubyimba

Cutting

Découpage

Gukata

Cyclone

Cyclone separation

Séparation par cyclone/ cyclonique

Cyclo-pneumatic Séparateur cycloseparator pneumatique Damaged grain Dampening Dark ale Dark beer Darkening

Grain endommagé Humectation/ Amortissement Bière foncée/Bière ale brune/Bière ale noire Bière foncée/noire/ brune Assombrissement/ Noircissement

Icyuma kimeze nk’umutiba gikoreshwa mu gutandukanya ibintu Gutandukanya hakoreshejwe umutiba Icyuma kimeze nk’umutiba gikoreshwa gutandukanya ibintu Urubuto rwangiritse Gutosa/kubobeza Inzoga yijimye Inzoga yijimye Kwijima

Debranning

Décorticage

Gutonora ibinyampeke

Decibel (dB)

Décibel (DB)

Decibel

Decoction mashing

Brassage par décoction

Uburyo bwo kwenga

Decorticating

Décorticage

Gutonora/Guhera

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Degree of polymerization

Degré de polymérisation

Degree of substitution

Degré de substitution

Urugero rw’isimburana

Dehulling

Dépelliculage/ Décortiqueuse

Gutonora

Dehusking

Décorticage/Ecossage

Gutonora

De-stoner

Dénoyauteur/Epierreur

Icyuma gikuramo amabuye

Dextrin

Dextrine

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Dextrose equivalent

Equivalent du dextrose(glucose)

Diacetyl

Diacétyle

Diagonal rolls

Rouleaux diagonaux

Ubwoko bw’ibyuma bisya

Diet beer

Bière de régime

Inzoga ibariye intungamubiri

Dietary fiber

Fibre diététique/ alimentaire

Ubukoco bufasha mu kugogora

Dirt

Saleté

Umwanda

Discrete waterinsoluble particle

Particule invisible insoluble dans l’eau

Ibintu bidashonga byireka mu gisukika ntibigaragare

Disulphide bonds

Liaisons disulfides

Dormancy of cereal grains

Dormance des graines de céréales

Umudindiro w’impeke

Double helix

Double hélice

Inyabibiri igoronzoye

Dough

Pâte

Igipondo

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Dough balls

Boules de pâte

Utubumbe tw’igipondo

Dough bubbles

Bulles de la pâte

Uduhago tw’igipondo

Dough consistency

Consistance de la pâte

Gufata kw’igipondo

Dough dividing

Division da la pâte

Kugabanya igipondo mo ibice

Dough elasticity

Elasticité de la pâte

Gukururuka/ Kureguka kw’igipondo

Dough extensibility

Extensibilité de la pâte

Kwaguka kw’igipondo

Dough hydration

Hydratation de la pâte

Kwakira amazi kw’igipondo

Dough mixing

Pétrissage de la pâte

Kuvanga igipondo/ Gufunyanga

Dough moulding

Moulage de la pâte

Guha isura (forume) igipondo

Dough proofing

Fermentation de la pâte

Kubyimba kw’igipondo

Dough relaxation

Relaxation de la pâte

Kurekura kw’igipondo

Dough sheet

Bande/Feuille de pâte

Igipondo gishashe

Dough strength

Résistance de la pâte

Ubukomere bw’igipondo

Doughnut

Beignet/Donut

Irindazi

Dough-resting

Pâte au repos

Guterekwa kw’igipondo

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Dry cleaning

Nettoyage à sec

Gusukuza umwumira

Drying

Séchage

Kumisha

Drying phase

Phase de séchage

Igice cyo kumisha

Drying rate

Taux de séchage

Urugero rwo kumisha

Duo-aspirator

Aspirateur en double

Icyuma nyabibiri gikurura umwuka

Durum wheat

Blé dur

Ubwoko bw’ingano

Dust

Poussière

Ifu

Dust collector

Collecteur de poussière

Igikusanya ivumbi

Dusting

Dépoussièrage

Dyox

Effluent recovery plant

Usine de récupération des effluents

Elasticity

Elasticité

Elevator

Ascenseur

Elongation

Ubureguke Icyuma kizamura ibintu Ubwirambure

Embryo

Embryon

Urusoro

Emulsifier

Emulsifiant

Gifasha kuvanga amazi n’amavuta

Endocarp

Endocarpe

Kimwe mu bice by’urubuto

Endohydrolysis

Endohydrolyse

Endosperm

Endosperme

Endothermic

Endothermique

Gutumuka kw’ivumbi Uruganda rutunganya amazi ava mu nganda

Kimwe mu bice by’urubuto

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Enriched flour

Farine enrichie

Ifu yakungahaye

Enthalpy

Enthalpie

Enzymes

Imisemburo

Epicarp

Epicarpe

Kimwe mu bice by’urubuto

Epidermis

Epiderme

Igihu cy’inyuma/ Imperaruhu

Ergot

Ergot de seigle

Indwara y’impeke iterwa n’udukoko

Escalator

Escalier mécanique

Ingazi/Esikariye

Essential oils

Huiles essentielles

Amavuta ahumura

Ethanol

Alukoro

Exhausts

Gaz d’échappement

Imyuka isohoka

Exogenous enzymes

Enzymes exogènes

Ubwoko bw’imisemburo

Exothermic

Exothermique

Extensograph

Extensographe

Icyuma gipima ubwirambure/ ubureguke bw’igipondo

Extract

Extrait

Ikintu gikuwe, gicukuwe, kivanwe mu kindi

Extract recovery

Récuperation des extraits

Kwakira ibintu bikuwe mu bindi

Extraction rate

Taux d’extraction

Urugero rw’ibintu bikuwe mu bindi

Céréales extrudées

Ubwoko bw’ibinyameke bitunganyije ku buryo bwihariye

Extruded breakfast cereals

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Extruded flaked cereals

Céréales en flocons extrudés

Ubwoko bw’ibinyameke bitunganyije ku buryo bwihariye

Extruded puffed cereals

Céréales soufflés et extrudées

Ubwoko bw’iIbinyameke bitunganyije ku buryo bwihariye

Extruded rice

Riz extrudé

Umuceri utunganyije ku buryo bwihariye

Extrusion

Gukora ibintu bifite amasura anyuranye mu gipondo, hakoreshejwe imashini yabugenewe

Extrusion chamber

Chambre d’extrusion

Icyumba bakoreramo ibintu bifite amasura anyuranye mu gipondo, hakoreshejwe imashini yabugenewe

Falling number

Indice du temps de chute

Farina

Ifu/Ifarini

Farina cereals

Farine de céréales

Ifu y’impeke

Farinograph

Farinographe

Icyuma gipima ubwiza bw’igipondo

Fat

Graisse

Ibinure

Extrusion

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Fermentable sugars

Sucres fermentescibles

Isukari zasemburwa

Fermentation

Gusembura cyangwa gutara

Fermenter

Cuve de fermentation

Icyo basemburiramo

Filter

Filtre

Akayunguruzo

Filtration

Kuyungurura

Firmness

Fermeté

Gukomera

Flaked cereals

Céréales en flocons/ Flocons de cereales

Ubwoko bw’ibinyameke bitunganyijwe kuburyo bwihariye

Flocons

Ubwoko bw’ibinyameke bitunganyijwe kuburyo bwihariye

Flakes

Uburyo bwo gukora ibinyampeke bwihariye Icyuma gitunganya ibinyampeke ku buryo bwihariye Gushyushya/Kubiza hagamijwe kwica udukoko

Flaking

Floconnisation

Flaking mill

Moulin de floconnisation

Flash pasteurisation

Pasteurisation instantanée

Flavor development

Développement de saveur

Kongera icyanga

Flavour

Saveur

Uburyohe/Icyanga

Floral envelope

Enveloppe florale

Utubabi tuzengurutse ururabo

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Flour bleaching

Blanchissment de farine

Kwerurutsa kw’ifu

Flour improver

Améliorant de farine

Ikinoza ifu

Flour packer

Emballeur de farine/ Conditionneur de farine

Igipakira ifu

Foam builder

Générateur de mousse

Kibyara urufuro

Forming

Formation

Guha isura

Freeze-drying

Lyophilisation

Uburyo bwo kumisha ibintu (amazi ava muri barafu akaba umwuka )

French bread

Pain français

Ubwoko bw’umugati

Friction

Frottement/Friction

Gukuba

Frictional cleaning

Nettoyage par friction/ Nettoyage par frottement

Guhanagura ukuba

Frosted grain

Grain givré/satiné

Imbuto z’impeke zishwe na barafu

Fruit coat

Enveloppe de fruit

Fumigation

Fusarium

Gelatinization

Gélatinisation

Gufatana

Germ

Germe

Umumero

Gin

Ubwoko bw’inzoga

Glass transition

Transition vitreuse

Igishishwa Kwica udukoko utwukamo umwuka/ Kuka Udukoko tumunga impeke

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Gliadine

Poroteyine iba mu mpeke cyane cyane ingano ituma ifu yazo itanga umugati

Gliadin proteins

Protéines de la gliadine

Poroteyine ziba mu mpeke cyane cyane ingano zituma ifu yazo itanga umugati

Globulin

Globuline

Ubwoko bwa poroteyine

Glucanases

Ubwoko bw’imisemburo

Glucoamylase

Ubwoko bw’imisemburo

Glucose

Isukari ntoya

Gliadin

Guluteni/Ubwoko bwa poroteyine iba mu mpeke cyane cyane ingano ituma ifu yazo itanga umugati Kubyimba kwa guluteni

Gluten

Gluten development

Développement de gluten

Gluten matrix

Matrice de gluten

Gluten network

Réseau de gluten

Gluten-free bread

Pain sans gluten

Umugati udafite guluteni

Glutenin

Gluténine

Glutenin

Glycolysis

Glycolyse

Gushwanyagurika kw’isukari bigatanga ingufu mu mubiri

Grader

Classeur

Icyuma gishyira mu byiciro

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Grading

Classement

Gushyira mu byiciro

Grain

Urubuto

Grain drowning

Trempage de grain

Kwinika imbuto

Grain germination

Germination de grain (céréales)

Kumera kw’imbuto

Gramineae Granular hydration Granularity

Graminées

Ibinyantete

Hydratation granulaire

Gutoha kw’imbuto

Granularité

Gutera bushaza

Granulated sugar Sucre granulé

Isukari y’utubuyenge

Granulation

Kubuyengera

Granule form

Forme de granulés/ Forme granulée

Uduce dudo tw’utubuyenge

Gravity separator

Séparateur par gravité

Gutandukanya hagendewe ku buremere

Green oats

Avoine verte

Grist

Blé á moudre

Gun puffed whole grain cereals

Céréales complète soufflé au pistolet (canon)

Ingano zatunganyijwe zasebwa Ibinyamempeke bikozwe mu buryo bwihariye

Gun puffing

Gonflement

Gutumba/Kubyimba

Hand appraisal

Evaluation à la main

Gusuzuma hakoreshejwe intoki

Hand-cut noddles

Nouilles coupées à la main

Makaroni zateguwe intoki

Hand-made noddles

Nouilles faites à la main

Makaroni zateguwe hakoreshejwe intoki

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Hand-stretched noddles

Nouilles tendues à la main

Makaroni zateguwe hakoreshejwe intoki

Hand-swung noddles

Nouilles étirées

Ubwo bwa makaroni akazwe ku buryo bwihariye

Hard dough

Pâte dure

Igipondo gikomeye

Hard wheat

Blé dur

Ubwoko bw’ingano zikomeye bufite poroteyine nyinshi

Haze

Brume

Urwokotsi

Head rice

Riz entier

Umuceri utamenaguritse

Heated grain

Grain (céréale) chauffé

Umuceri wacishijwe mu cyuma gishyushya

Helical gears

Engrenages hélicoïdaux

Hemicellulose

Hémicellulose

Isukari iva mu bimera

Herbal aroma

Arôme à base d’herbes (plantes)

Impumuro ikomoka ku bimera

Herbal flavour

Saveur à base d’herbes (plantes)

High amylose corn starch

Uburyohe bukomoka ku bimera Amidon de maïs riche Ubwoko bwa amido en amylose (à teneur (isukari) iva mu élevée en amylose) bigori

High grinding

Meulage élevé

Gusya

Homogenous hydration

Hydratation homogène

Gutosa ku buryo bungana

Hop acid

Acide d’houblon

Hop extract

Extrait d’houblon

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Hop oil

Huile d’houblon

Hop pellets

Granules d’houblon

Hop resin

Résine d’houblon

Hop vine

Vigne d’houblon

Hopped wort

Moût houblonné

Hopper

Trémie

Hops

Houblon

Hordeum vulgare L

Ikinyampeke gikorwamo inzoga

Horizontal rolls

Rouleaux horizontales

Ubwoko by’ibyuma bisya ibinyampeke

Hot wort

Moût chaud

Umutobororo

Hull

Cosse

Uduce tw’inyuma tw’imbuto/ Igishishwa/Igihu

Hulling efficiency

Efficacité de décorticage

Gutonora neza

Humidifier

Humidificateur

Humulon

Husk

Cosse

Husk layer

Couche de cosse/ Coque/Balle

Hydrocolloid gum

Gomme hydrocolloïdale

Hydrogen cyanide

Cyanure d’hydrogène

Hydrophilic

Hydrophile

Gikunda amazi

Hydrophobic

Hydrophobe

Cyanga amazi

Igiterantete

Ikintu kizana ubuhehere/Ikintu kibobeza Agahu/Igishishwa Igice gito cyatonorwa ku rubuto

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Urugero rw’ubuhehere

Hygroscopicity

Hygroscopicité

Impact grinder

Infestation

Broyeur Améliorant/Agent améliorant Infestation

Instant noddles

Nouilles instantanées

Makaroni zitegurwa mu gihe gito

Invert sugar

Sucre inverti

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Irish red ale

Bière rousse d’Irlande

Ubwoko bw’inzoga

Iso-α-acids

Iso-α-acides

Kernel

Grain

Kieselguhr

Kilning

Etuvage

Kumisha mu ifuru

Kneading

Malaxage

Guponda/ Gufunyanga

Kneading blade

Lames de malaxage/ Lame de pétrissage

Icyuma giponda/ gifunyanga

Lactose

Lagitoze/Isukari iboneka mu mata

Lager

Bière blonde

Ubwoko bw’inzoga

Lager fermentation

Fermentation de la bière blonde

Uburyo bwo gusembura inzoga

Lagering phase

Phase de blondissement

igihe cyo guha inzoga ibara

Lagering tank

Cuve de blondissement de la bière

Inkono yo kwengeramo

Lambic

Lambick

Ubwoko bw’inzoga yo mu Bubiligi

Improver

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bw’urusyo Ibirushaho kunoza Guterwa n’udusimba

Urubuto

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Uburyo bwo kwenga aho umutobororo uba wacayutse Uburyo bwo kwenga aho umutobororo uboneka wacayutse cyerurutse

Lauter tun

Cuve de clarification/ Filtration du moût

Lautering

Filtration du moût/ Filtration sur cuve

Leavening

Levain

Umusemburo

Leavening agent

Agent gonflant/Levain

Igisembura Igice cy’urubuto rw’impeke/ Agashishwa gafubitse urubuto (intete) Inzoga irimo alukoro nke Ubwoko bw’mamera

Lemma

Lemme

Light ale

Bière légère

Light malt

Malt léger

Lignin

Lignine

Lipids

Lipides

Ibinyamavuta

Lipophilic

Liphophile

Liquefaction

Liquéfaction

Liquor

Liqueur

Gikunda amavuta Guhinduka amazi kw’umwuka Amavu/Inzoga ikaze

Loaf

Pain

Long dried pasta

Pâte sèche longue

Long grain

Grain long

Low calorie beer

Bière à basses calories (faible teneur en calories)

Lupulon

Umugati Makaroni ndende zumye Ubwoko bw’impeke ndende Inzoga ifite isukari nkeya

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Lyophilization

Lyophilisation

Kumisha aho amazi ava muri barafu akaba umuka

Macaroni

Makaroni

Macromolecule

Macromolécule

Molekire nini

Magnet

Aimant

Rukuruzi

Maillard reaction

Réaction Maillard

Iyo isukari ihuye na poroteyine hari ubushyuhe ibara ry’ikintu rigahinduka ibihogo

Malt

Amamera

Malt colorant

Colorant de malt

Igiha amamera ibara

Liqueur à base de malt

Ubwoko bw’inzoga (ifite alukoro nyinshi)/Amavu

Malt liquor

Malting

Grain malté/Céréales maltées Maltage

Maltodextrin

Maltodextrine

Maltose

Isukari ya malitoze

Maltster

Malteur/Malterie

Mash

Moût

Mash tun

Cuve à brassin

Ukora amamera Umutobe ukozwe mu mamera Indobo yengerwamo

Mashing

Empâtage/Brassage

Kwenga

Maturation

Gushya kw’inzoga

Mead

Hydromel

Inzoga y’ubuki

Melanoidin reaction

Réaction de mélanoïdine

Malted grain

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Amamera Kumeza (amamera)

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Mellowing of grain

Mûrissement de grains (céréales)

Melting

Fondre

Metal detector

Détecteur de métaux

Methyl bromide

Bromure de méthyle

Micromolecule

Micromolécule

Molekire ntoya

Millet

Millet/Mil

Ubwoko bw’ikinyampeke

Gukura kw’imbuto Gushonga Igikoresho gitahura ibyuma

Mixer

Mouture/Moulure/ Fraisage Mélangeur

Mixing

Mélange/Mélanger

Kuvanga

Mixing paddle

Palette à mélange/ Hélice de mélange

Aho bavangira

Mixing trough

Cuvette de mélange

Mixograph

Mixographe

Mixograph test

Essai mixométrique

Isuzuma ry’Ibiranga igipondo kivangwa

Modified malt

Malt modifié

Amamera ahinduye

Modified starch

Amidon modifié

Isukari yahinduwe

Moisture content

Teneur en humidité/ Taux d’humidité

Ingano y’ubuhehere mu kintu

Moisture testing

Test d’humidité

Gupima ubuhehere

Mortar

Mortier

Isekuru

Moth

Mite

Agasimba kangiza ingano

Milling

Gusya Icyuma kivanga

Ikibumbiro cyo kuvangiramo Icyuma gipima ibiranga uko igipondo kivangwa

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Multitubular dust collector

Capteur de poussière multitubulaire/ Collecteur de poudre multitubulaire

Icyuma gikusanya ivumbi mu nganda

Mycotoxins

Mycotoxines

Ubumara buva mu mugera

Native starch granules

Grains d’amidon nonmodifié

Niacin

Niacine

Noddles Non-alcohol beer Non-fermentable sugar

Nouilles

Non-reducing end

Bière sans-alcool Sucre nonfermentiscible Extrémité nonréductrice/Terminaison non réductrice

Amakaroni Inzoga itarimo alukoro Isukari itasemburwa

Non-reducing sugars

Sucres non-réducteurs

Nucellar epidermis

Epiderme nucellaire

Agahu k’inyuma k’intimatima

Nucellus

Nucelle

Intimatima

Nucleation

Intungamubiri

Oat groats

Nucléation Eléments nutritifs/ Nutriments Gruaux d’avoine

Oatmeal

Farine d’avoine

Ifu y’impeke zikura ahantu hakonje

Oats

Avoine

Ubwoko bw’impeke zikura ahantu hakonje

Offals

Abats

Ibirapfa

Oryza sativa L.

Umuceri

Nutrients

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bw’impeke

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Oscillatting screen

Tamis Oscillant

Outsiftings

Déchets de tamisage

Oven-pufffed cereals

Céréales soufflées au four

Ovenspring

Gonflement au four

Overcooking

Surcuisson

Guhisha cyane

Oxidation

Oxydation

Kugwa ingese

Oxygenation

Oxygénation

Kwakira umwuka wa ogusijene

Paddy rice

Riz paddy/Riz non décortiqué (brut)

Umuceri udatonoye

Pale ale

Bière pâle

Ubwoko bw’inzoga

Pale malt

Malt pâle

Amamera yijimye

Palea

Paléole

Parboiled rice

Riz étuvé/cuit à demi/ Riz précuit

Parboiling

Etuvage/Cuire à demi

Agace k’ikimera Umuceri wahuye n’umwuka ushyushye utaratonorwa Kunyuzwa mu mwuka ushyushye

Pasta products

Pâtes

Makaroni

Paste

Pâte

Inombe/Umutsima

Pasting

Empâtage

Gufata

Pastry

Pâtisserie

Pastry brushe

Brosse de pâtisserie/ Pinceau à patisserie

Akayunguruzo kazenguruka Ibisigarizwa Ubwoko bw’ibinyampeke biteguye ku buryo bwihariye

Aho ibisuguti n’amakeke bikorerwa Uburoso bukoreshwa mu gukora ibisuguti

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Patent flour

Farine brevetée

Ifarini

Peak melting temperature

Pic de temperature defusion

Urugero ry’ubushyuhe igifatika gihindukamo igisukika

Pellet mill

Moulin (Usine de granules)

Icyuma gisya

Pentosans

Pentosannes

Peptides

Pericarp

Péricarpe

Pest

Peste

Pest control

Contrôle des parasites

Kurwanya indwara zibihigwa

Pestle

Pilon

Umusekuzo

Phenolics

Composés phénoliques

Pitching

Tangage

Gutoranya ukuramo

Pizza

Piza

Plansifter.

Tamis

Pneumatic conveying

Transport pneumatique

Akayunguruzo k’ifu Uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu hakoreshejwe umwuka

Polymer Polymeric substrate Polymolecule

Polymère

Polyphenol

Polyphénol

Ibice bigize poroteyine Agahu k’inyuma k’urubuto Agakoko kangiza imyaka

Substrat polymérique Polymolécule

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Powder feeder

Doseur de poudre

Icyuma kigena ifu isohoka

Pre-

Avant

Mbere

Press cake

Tourteau (résiduel)

Igikatsi

Prolamin

Prolamine

Proteases

Protéases

Protein

Protéine

Poroteyine

Protein denaturation

Dénaturation de protéine

Gutakaza umwimerere

Proteolytic enzyme

Enzyme protéolytique

Umusemburo ukata poroteyine

Psychrometric chart

Diagramme(Courbe) psychrométrique

Igishushyanyo cyerekana urugero rw’ubushyuhe cyangwa ubuherere mu kirere

Pudding

Pudding/Riz au lait

Pullulanase

Imisemburo ikata amasukari maremare aho ashamikiye

Purifier

Epurateur

Igisukura

Raw

Cru

Kidatetse/Kibisi

Reducing end

Extrémité réductrice

Reducing sugar

Sucre réducteur

Reduction rolls/ smooth rolls

Rouleaux de réduction

Icyuma gisya ingano zigatanga ifu inoze

Regrinds

Matières rebroyées

Gusya bwa kabiri ugamije kunoza

Residues

Résidus

Ibisigazwa

Rheology

Rhéologie

Imiterere y’ibisukika

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Riboflavin

Riboflavine

Ubwoko bwa vitamine

Rice

Riz

Umuceri

Rice breakfast cereals

Céréales à base de riz

Ibiryo bikomoka ku muceri

Rice flour

Farine de riz

Ifu y’umuceri

Rice polishing

Polissage du riz

Uburyo bwo gutegura umuceri kugirango were

Rice whitening

Blanchiment du riz

Kwerurutsa umuceri

Roller milling

Broyeur à rouleaux

Ubwoko bw’urusyo

Rootlets

Radicelles

Utuzi

Rotary drum screen

Tamis à tambour rotatif

Akayunguruzo kazenguruka

Rough rice

Riz brut/Riz paddy

Umuceri udatonoye

Rubber

Caoutchouc

Rum

Rhum

Rye

Seigle

Saccaromyces Carlsbergensis Hansen

Saccharification

Saline water

Eau saline

Kawucu Inzoga iva mu Bisheke Ubwoko bw’ingano Ubwoko bw’umusemburo bwavumbuwe na Hansen Guca amasukari maremare mo amasukari mato Amazi arimo umunyu

Saw

Scie

Urukero

Scalpel

Akabugita

Scalping

Ecroutage

Gukuba

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Scourer

Tampon abrasif/ Eponge/Torchon

Scraper

Grattoir

Scratch

Grattage

Ikintu gikuba mu guhanagura Ikintu giharagata/ Inkwaruzo Gukuba ibyuma

Screening

Criblage/Tamisage

Kuyungurura

Scutellum

Scutellum/Ecusson

Secale cereale L

Secale Cereale L

Seed

Graine

Urubuto

Seed coat

Tégument

Igishishwa/Agahu

Semi-crystalline

Semi-cristallin

Semi-crystalline structure

Structure semicristalline

Semolina

Semoule

Ifu ivamo macaroni

Short grain

Grain court

Ubwoko bw’ibinyampeke

Shredded rice

Riz déchiqueté/Riz râpé

Shrinkage

Rétrécissement

Sieve

Tamis

Sifter

Tamis/Tamiseur

Sifting

Tamisage

Kuyungurura

Silo

Ubuhuniko

Six-row winter barley

Orge d’hiver six-rangs

Ubwoko bw’ingano

Slurry

Suspension

Isukari ndende iri mu mazi ifashe

Agace k’urubuto rw’ingano Bumwe mu bwoko bw’ingano

Umuceri wamanyaguritse Kunanuka mu bunini Akayunguruzo/ Akayungiro Akayunguruzo/ Akayungiro

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Smoothness

Etat lisse

Kuba ikintu gisennye

Smut

Charbon du blé

Inopfu (indwara y’ingano)

Soft wheat

Blé tendre

Ubwoko bw’ingano

Sorbitol

Sorghum Sour-dough bread

Sorgho

Amasaka

Pain au levain

Umugati usembuye

Spaghetti

Sparging

Aspersion

Spatula

Spatule

Akayiko

Spent grain

Drêche

Imvuzo

Sponginess

Spongiosité

Ububobere

Spontaneous fermentation

Fermentation spontanée

Gusemburira byizanye

Spray

Pulverization

Guhuhera

Spreader

Epandeur

Igisanza

Spring wheat

Blé de printemps

Ubwoko bw’ingano

Sprout

Germination

Kumera kw’urubuto

Stacking

Empilement

Kurunda

Starch

Amidon

Amafufu/Amido

Starch gel

Gel d’amidon

Steaming

Cuisson à la vapeur

Steel huller

Décortiqueuse en acier

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bwa makaroni Gusuka amazi ashyushe ku mamera

Isukari ndende yafashe/Amafufu yafashe Guteka hakoreshejwe umwuka ushyushye Icyuma gitonora 70

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Steep water

Eau de trempage

Amazi asigara nyuma yo kwinika afite intungamubiri

Steeping

Trempage/Macération

Kwinika

Stickiness

Caractère collant

Kumatira

Stoning

Dénoyautage

Gukuramo urubuto

Straight run

Distillation directe

Stratification

Straw

Paille

Substrate

Substrat

Sucrose

Sucrose/Saccharose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Suction

Aspiration

Gukurura hakoreshejwe umwuka

Sugar

Sucre

Isukari

Sweet wort

Moût doux

Umutobe utarasemburwa

Swelling

Gonflement

Kubyimba

Syneresis

Synérèse

Guta amazi bitewe no gupfa kw’ibiryo

Syrup

Sirop

Siro/Umuhama

Tempering

Trempage

Tension rods

Barres de traction

Testa

Tégument

Gutumbika Ibyuma ibindi bintu bifatiraho Agace k’urubuto

Nta kunyura mu bice bice Gupanga mu bice bigerekeranye/ Kugerekerana Ibisigara bidafite agaciro nyuma yo gutunganya ibinyampeke/Ibyatsi Ikintu cyakorerwaho igikorwa

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Tetraploid

Tétraploïde

Thermostable

Thiamin

Thiamine

Thickener

Epaississant

Igitera gufatana

Threshing

Battage

Guhura

Toasting

Grillade/Grillage

Kotsa

Top fermentation Haute fermentation

Kitangizwa no kwiyongera kw’ubushyuhe Ubwoko bwa vitamine

Uburyo bwo gusembura

Toppings

Garnitures

Toughness

Dureté

Ubukomere

Traditional beer

Bière traditionnelle

Inzoga ya gakondo

Tray

Plateau

Iparato

Triticale hexaploide Lart. Triticum aestivum L.

Triticale hexaploide Lart.

Ubwoko bw’ingano

Triticum aestivum L.

Ubwoko bw’ingano

Triticum durum Unbleached flour Uneven hydration

Triticum durum

Ubwoko bw’ingano

Farine non blanchie

Ifu iterurukijwe

Unmalted cereals

Céréales non maltées (crues)

Vacuum

Sous vide

Vanilla

Vanille

Viscoelastic

Viscoélastique

Viscograph

Viscographe

Hydratation inégale

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Gutota s kuburyo butangana Impeke zitahindutsemo amamera Vanila Gifashe kandi kirenduka Icyuma gipima uburenduke 72

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Viscometer

Viscomètre

Igipima uburenduke

Vitamin

Vitamine

Volatile component

Composant volatil

Ikintu gihindukamo umwuka

Warehouse

Entrepôt

Uruhunikiro/Ikigega

Warm stabilisation

Stabilisation par chaleur

Kwikeneka (Guteka) kw’inzoga mu bushyuhe

Water absorption

Laveur/Laveuse/ Rondelle Absorption de l’eau

Water binding capacity

Capacité de liaison à l’eau

Ubushobozi bwo gufata n’amazi

Water holding capacity

Capacité de rétention d’eau

Ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi

Waved roller

Rouleau ondulé

Umutende ugaraze

Waxy corn starch

Amidon de maïs a cristaux cireux

Ubwoko bwa amido

Waxy starch

Amidon cireux

Ubwoko bwa amido

Weevil

Charançon

Imungu

Weigher

Peseur/Balance

Umunzani

Wet milling

Mouture humide

Gusya bibobereye (hari amazi)

Wheat

Blé

Ingano

Wheatfeed

Blé fourrager/ Fourrage de blé

Ibiryo by’amatungo bikozwe mu ngano

Wheatmeal

gruaux de blé

Ibiheri by’ingano

Whiskey

Inzoga/Wisiki

White bread

Pain blanc

Umugati ukozwe mw’ifarine yera

White rice

Riz blanc

Umuceri w’umweru

Washer

Icyogesho Kunyunyuza amazi

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS

Whole kernel

Grain entier

Urubuto rwuzuye

whole wheat

Blé entier

Ingano

Wholemeal bread

Pain complet

Umugati ukoze mu ngano batakuyeho agahu k’inyuma

Wholemeal flour

Farine de blé complete

Ifu yuzuye

Winter wheat

Blé d’hiver

Ubwoko bw’ingano

Wort

Moût

Umutobororo

Yeast

Levure

Umusemburo

Yeast of first generation

Levure de première génération

Umusemburo ukoreshejwe rimwe

Yeast pitching

Ensemencement de la levure

Uburyo bwo kongeramo umusemburo

Young beer

Jeune bière

Inzoga y’umushyuhira

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Lexicon in English - Franรงais - Kinyarwanda

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Lexicon in English - Franรงais - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

ENGLISH

FRANÇAIS

Acetic acid

Acide acétique

Acidity

Acidité

Acidulant

Acidulant/Acidifiant

Additives

Additifs

Agglomeration

Agglomération

Kwegerana

Air blower

Ventilateur/ Souffleur d’air

Igisunika umwuka/ Icyuma gihuha umwuka

Air cooling

Refroidissement par l’air froid

Gukonjesha hakoreshejwe umwuka

Air outlet

Sortie d’air

Ahasohokera umwuka

Air temperature

Température de l’air

Ubushyuhe bw’umwuka

Airborne microorganism

Micro-organisme présent dans l’air

Akanyabuzima kaba mu mwuka

Air-convection dryer

Séchoir à convection d’air

Ifuru yumisha ikoresha umwuka

Aluminum foil

Feuille d’aluminium/Papier d’aluminium

Impapuro zikozwe muri aliminiyumu

Amaranth

Amaranthe

Inyabutongo

Anthocyanidin

Anthocyanidine

Anthocyanin

Anthocyane

Irangabara ry’ubururu ry’ibimera

Anti-browning agent

Agent antibrunissement

Ikibuza ibiribwa guhinduka ikigina

Anti-microbial agent

Agent antimicrobien

Ikibuza umugera gukura/ Ikirwanya mikorobi

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

KINYARWANDA Ubukarihe/Ubusharire Igitera ubukarihe/ ubusharire Ibyongerwa mu biryo/ mu binyobwa (kubera impamvu zinyuranye)

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Ikibuza gutwikwa kw’amamolekuleKibuza kwangizwa n’umwuka wa ogusijene Kibuza umugera kugera ku mubiri/Ikizitira mikorobi

Antioxidant

Antioxydant

Antiseptic

Antiseptique

Apple

Pomme

Apricot

Abricot

Aroma

Arôme

Impumuro

Artichoke

Artichaut

Artificial ripening

Mûrissement artificielle

Kuneka/Gushya bitewe n’ubugenge bwa muntu

Ascorbic acid

Acide ascorbique

Vitamine C

Aseptic filling

Remplissage aseptique

Gusuka /Gupakira ahantu hatari umugera

Aseptic packaging

Conditionnement aseptique

Gupfunyikira a ahantu hatari mikorobi

Asparagus

Asperges

Astringency

Astringence

Gikarishye

Atmospheric humidity

Humidité atmosphérique

Ubuhehere buri mu kirere

Automatic filler

Remplisseur automatique

Icyuma kikoresha mu gupakira

Avocado

Avocat

Avoka

Bacterium (plur. Bacteria)

Bactérie(s)

Ubwoko bw’umugera/ Bagiteri

Banana

Banane

Igitoke

Barrel

Tonneau/Baril

Ingunguru

Batch

Lot

Itsinda

Pome

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Batch number

Numéro de lot

Inomero y’’itsinda

Beetroot

Betterave

Beterave

Belt conveyor

Bande transporteuse

Uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu mu ruganda

Belt drier

Séchoir à bande

Ubwoko bw’ifuru yumisha mu ruganda

Belt press

Presse à bande/ Bande de pressage

Icyuma gikamura (kivana umutobe mu mbuto)

Berries

Baies

Inkeri

Bin

Bac/Poubelle

Icyavu/Ikintu bamenamo imyanda

Bitterness Black eyed bean Blackberry

Amertume

Uburure

Type de haricot

Ubwoko bw’ibishyimbo

Mûre

Ubwoko bw’inkeri

Blanching

Blanchiment

Gushyushya akanya gato

Blending

Mélanger

Gusya uvanga

Blueberry

Myrtille/Type de fruit à baie

Ubwoko bw’inkeri zubururu

Boiling point

Point d’ébullition

Brined vegetables

Légumes saumurés

Brix

Broad bean

Fève

Brocolli

Brocoli

Bromelain

Bromélaïne

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe ibisukika bibiriraho Imboga zinitswe mu mazi arimo umunyu Igipima urugero rw’isukari Ubwoko bw’ibishyimbo binini Borokoli Ubwoko bw’umusemburo wo mu nanasi

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Browning

Brunissement

Gusa n’ikigina kw’ibiribwa bitewe n’imisemburo

Bruising

Meurtrissures

Gukomeretsa

Brussel sprout

Chou de Bruxelles

Ubwoko bw’amashu

Bulb

Bulbe

Igitunguru/Imvovompiri

Bulk

Volume/Masse

Ubunini/umubyimba

Bulking agent

Agent gonflant

Ikintu cyongera umubyimba/ubunini

Butternut squash

Courge musquée

Ubwoko bw’idegede/ ibihaza

Cabinet sundryer

Cabine à séchage solaire

Ifuru yumisha hakoreshejwe imirasire y’izuba

Can Cancer prevention

Boîte de conserve Prévention du cancer Aliments en conserve

Canned foods

Agakopo Gukumira kanseri Ibiryo byo mu dukopo

Canning

Mise en conserve

Gupfunyika ibiribwa mu dukopo bigatekwa bikamara igihe kirerere

Capper

Capsuleur

Icyuma gishyiraho imifuniko

Capping machine

Machine de capsulage

Imashini ishyiraho imifuniko

Caramelization

Caramélisation

Gukaranga isukari/ Gushyira isukari ikaranze mu kintu

Carbon dioxide

Dioxide de carbone/ Gaz carbonique

Gaz carbonique

Cardiovascular diseases

Maladies cardiovasculaires

Indwara z’umutima

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Carotenoid

Carotenoïde

Irangabara ry’ibimera rya oranje

Carrot

Carotte

Karoti

Cashew nut

Noix de cajou/ Anacarde

Ubwoko bw’imbuto zera ahantu hashyushye

Cathechins

Cathéchines

Cauliflower

Chou-fleur

Shufuleri

Celery

Céleri

Seleri

Cellophane Cellulose acetate Cellulose film

Cellophane

Centrifugation

Centrifuge

Centrifugeuse

Chelating agent

Agent chélateur

Chemical compounds Chemical food preservatives

Acétate de cellulose Film de cellulose

Composés chimiques Agents chimiques de conservation des aliments

Gutandukanya ibintu hakoreshejwe gukaraga Icyuma gitandukanya ibintu hakoreshejwe kubikaraga

Ibinyabutabire Ibyongerwa mu biryo bigafasha kubikwa igihe kirekire

Chemical peeling

Epluchage chimique

Guhata hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’ubutabire

Chemicals

Produits chimiques

Ibinyabutabire

Cherry

Cerise Meurtrissement dû au coup de froid Refroidissement

Ubwoko bw’inkeri Kononekara kubera ubukonje Gukonjesha

Chill injury Chilling

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Chlorine

Chlore

Chlore/Umuti usukura, wica udukoko mu mazi n’ahandi

Chopping

Hachage

Gukatagura/Gucagagura

Chunck

Gros morceau

Ikimanyu/igisate kinini

Cider

Cidre

Ikinyobwa gisembuye kiva mu mutobe w’imbuto za pome

Citric acid

Acide citrique

Citrus fruits

Agrumes

Clarification

Clementine

Clémentine

Climatic conditions

Cloudiness

Conditions climatiques Tissu-sac/Sac en tissu Turbidité

Coated

Enduit/Enrobé

Gisize amavuta

Coconut

Noix de coco

Ubwoko bw’imbuto

Codex alimentarius

Cold storage

Entreposage à froid

Guhunika hakoreshejwe ubukonje

Colloidal particles

Particules colloïdales

Colloidal stability

Stabilité colloïdale

Cloth-bag

Ibisacunga Igikorwa gituma igisukika gicayuka/ cyeruruka Imbuto zikomoka mu guhuza mandarine n’amaronji Imiterere y’ikirere Umufuka Kidacayutse

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Color compounds

Matière colorante

Ibirangabara

Colorimeter

Colorimètre

Icyuma gipima ibara ry’ikintu

Commercially sterile

Commercialement stérile

Concentrated fruit juice

Jus de fruit concentré

Ikiribwa cyangwa ikinyobwa kitarimo utunyabuzima dushobora kucyangiza Umutobe w’imbuto udafunguye

Concentration

Urugero rwo gufungura

Condiments

Indyoshyandyo (ibirungo)

Continous belt press

Presse à bande continue

Continuous pressure filters

Filtres à pression continue

Controlledatmosphere storage

Entreposage à atmosphère contrôlé

Ihunikiro rifite imiterere igenzuwe

Convection

Guhererekana k’ubushyuhe mu mwuka

Convection dryer

Séchoir à convection

Ifuru ikoresha umwuka mu kumisha

Conveyor

Transporteur/tapis roulant

Ikintu gikoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu

Conveyor dryer

Séchoir à bandes transporteuses

Ubwoko bw’ifuru yumisha ibintu bigenda

Cooling

Refroidissement

Gukonjesha

Cooling

Refroidissement

Gukonjesha

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bw’icyuma gikamura umutobe kidahagarara Utuyunguruzo dukoresha ingufu ku buryo bukomeza

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Cooling belt Cooling tunnel

Tapis de refroidissement/ Bande de refroidissement Tunnel de refroidissement

Ahakonjesherezwa ibintu bigenda Ikonjesherezo rifunze rirerire

Corkers

Boucheuse des bouteilles

Icyuma gishyira imifuniko ku macupa

Courgette

Idegede/Kurujete

Cranberry

Canneberge

Ubwoko bw’imizabibu

Crispness

Croustillance/ Croustillant/ Croquant

Kumanyagurika/ Kuvungagurika

Critical control point

Point de contrôle critique

Ahantu ha ngombwa ho kugenzura

Crop

Culture/Récolte

Ibiihingwa

Crosscontamination

Contamination croisée

Kwandura kw’ikiribwa bitewe n’ikindi cyanduye

Cruciferous vegetables

Légumes crucifères

Crushing

Concassage

Kujajanga

Cucumber

Concombre

Curing

Affinage

Curing room….

Chambre de durcissement/ Chambre de fumage

Icyuma basaniramo

Cutting board

Planche de découpage

Igikoresho bakatiraho imboga n’ibindi

Cyclodextrin

Cyclodextrine

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Ubwoko bw’imbuto ntoya ziryohera zera ku giti kimeze nk’umukindo gikura ahantu hashyuha Gukura aside/uburure mu kintu

Dates

Dattes

Deacidification

Désacidification

De-aerator

Dégazeur/Purgeur

Gikuramo umwuka

Debittering

Désamérisation

Gukuramo ubusharire cyangwa uburure

Deep freezing

Surgélation/ Congélation

Gukonjesha cyane/ Kugagazwa n’imbeho

Defreezing

Décongélation

Kuvana mu bukonje (bwa barafu)

Dehydrated fruits

Fruits déshydratés

Imbuto zakamuwemo amazi/zumagaye

Dehydrated vegetables

Légumes déshydratés

Dehydration

Déshydratation

Density

Densité

Ireme

Depectinization

Dépectinisation

Gukuramo pegitine

Desinfestation

Gukumira udusimba/ Kwica mikorobi

Destarching

Désamidonner

Gukuramo amido

Destoner

Dénoyauteur

Gikuramo urubuto

Deterioration

Détérioration Laveuse par immersion Immersion/ Trempage

Kononekara/Kwangirika Icyoza hakoreshejwe kudubika/kwinika

Dip washer Dipping

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Imboga zakamuwemo amazi/zumagaye Gukuramo amazi/ Kumisha/ Ubwumagare/ Kumagara

Kudubika

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Courroie de distribution/Bande de distribution

Icyuma gikwirakwiza

Dormancy

Dormance

Umudindiro w’imbuto (bivugwa iyo imbuto zitameze kubera ibihe bibi, zitegereje ibihe byiza)

Dosage

Draining

Egoutter

Dried fruits Dried vegetables

Fruits secs

Urugero/Igipimo Gukuramo (amazi)/ Gukamura Imbuto zumye

Légumes secs

Imboga zumye

Drum dryer

Séchoir à tambour

Drupe

Dry matter content

Teneur en matière sèche

Igice gisigara iyo ikiribwa cyangwa igihingwa kivuyemo amazi yose

Drying

Séchage

Kumisha

Drying curve

Courbe de séchage

Umurangamyumire

Drying period

Période de séchage

Igihe cyo kumisha

Drying season

Saison de séchage

Igihe (cy’umwaka) cyo kumisha

Drying tray

Plateau de séchage

Ipulato yo kumishirizaho

Dust

Poussière

Umukungugu

Dust contamination

Contamination par la poussière

Kwandura bitewe n’umukungugu

Dust-free

Sans poussière

Nta vumbi/Kidafata ivumbi

Distribution belt

Ubwoko bw’ifuru yo kumisha Ubwoko bw’imbuto zigira ikibuto imbere yazo

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Efficiency

Efficacité

Gitunganye

Egg plant

Aubergine

Urutoryi

Electronic sizing

Calibrage électronique/ Encollage électronique

Electronic sorting

Tri électronique

Endive

Chicorée frisée

Endocarp

Endocarpe

Enzymatic activity

Activité enzymatique

Kugabanya ubunini bw’ibintu hakoreshejwe ibyuma by’ikoranabuhanga Gutoranya/ Kujonjora ibintu hakoreshejwe ibyuma by’ikoranabuhanga Ubwoko bw’imboga zikoreshwa muri salade Kimwe mu bice bigize urubuto

Enzymatic browning

Brunissement enzymatique

Enzyme

Enzyme clarification

Clarification d’enzymes

Enzyme treatment

Equipment

Traitment enzymatique Equilibre hygrométrique (Teneur en eau à l’équilibre) Equipement

Essential amino acids

Acides aminés essentiels

Equilibrium moisture content

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Imikorere y’imisemburo Gusa n’ikigina kw’ibiryo bitewe n’imisemburo Umusemburo (wo mu bwoko bwa poroteyine) Gucayura ibisukika hakoreshejwe imisemburo Gukoresha imisemburo mu gutunganya ibintu Amazi ari mu kintu imbere iyo kitakwakira cg gite amazi bitewe naho kiri Ibikoresho Ubwoko bwa aside amine umubiri w’umuntu n’ibikoko bitakwikorera, ziva mu biribwa

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Amavuta ahumura ava mu bimera ahumura neza Icyuma gihindura igisukika umwuka/ Igicumbisha amazi

Essential oils

Huiles essentielles

Evaporator

Evaporateur

Expiry date

Date d’expiration

Igihe

extractor

Extracteur

Ikintu gikamura

Extrinsic factor Facteur extrinsèque Falling film evaporator

Evaporateur à pellicule/Film descendante

Fan

Ventilateur

Impamvu ziturutse hanze Ubwoko bw’icyuma cyumisha Icyuma gihuhera umwuka Ingano y’amavuta ari mu kintu

Fat-soluble vitamins

Teneur en matières grasses/graisse Vitamines liposolubles

Fava bean

Fève

Ubwoko bw’ibishyimbo binini

Fermentation

Gutara /Gusembura/ Ugatara/Ugushya

Fermentation process

Procédé de fermentation

Igikorwa cyo gusembura

Fermentation starters

Agents de fermentation

Imisemburo

Fiber

Fibre Emballage sur terrain/au champ

Ubukoco

Fig

Figue

Ubwoko bw’imbuto

Filling

Remplissage

Kuzuza

Firmness

Fermeté

Ubukomere

Fat content

Field packing

Vitamine ziba mu binure

Gupakirira mu murima

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Icyuma gihindura igisukika mo mwuka mu gihe gito

Flash evaporator

Evaporateur instantané

Flavonoids

Flavonoïdes

Flavour

Saveur

Uburyohe/Icyanga

Flavour volatile compounds

Composés volatils aromatisants

Ibintu bitwarwa n’umwuka bihumuza

Flotation washing

Lavage à flottaison

Koza hakoreshejwe kureremba

Flowerhead vegetables

Légumes florifères

Imboga zigira indabo

Fluidized bed

Lit fluidisé

Imashini yumisha ikoresheje umwuka ushyushye uca mu byumishwa

Foodborne illness

Maladie d’origine alimentaire

Indwara zituruka mu biryo

Food-grade plastic bottles

Bouteilles en plastique agrées pour l’usage alimentaire

Forced air cooling

Refroidissement par air forcé

Amacupa ya pulasitike agenewe gupakira ibiribwa cyangwa ibinyobwa Gukonjesha hakoreshejwe kohereza umwuka n’ingufu mu bintu

Free radicals

Radicaux libres

Freeze-drying

Lyophilisation

Freezing

Congélation

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Kumisha aho amazi ava muri barafu akaba umwuka Gukonjesha cyane kugeraho ikintu kiba barafu 87

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Fresh produce

Produit agricole frais/Fruits et légumes frais

Fresh storage

Stockage au frais

Fresh-frozen vegetables

Légumes fraissurgelées

Frozen fruits

Fruits surgelés

Imbuto zagagajwe n’imbeho

Frozen vegetables

Légumes surgelées

Imboga zakonjeshejwe zikagagara

Fruit

Urubuto

Fruit coating

Enrobage de fruit

Gusigiriza imbuto

Fruit cocktail

Macédoine de fruits/ Salade de fruits

Fruit concentrate

Concentré de fruit

Imvange y’imbuto zinetse Umutobe w’imbuto udafunguye

Fruit jam

Confiture de fruit

Komfitire y’imbuto

Fruit jellies

Gelées de fruit

Imbuto zifashe

Fruit juice

Jus de fruit

Umutobe w’imbuto

Fruit manufacturing

Transformation des fruits

Gutunganya imbuto mu ruganda

Fruit mix

Mélange de fruits

Imvange y’imbuto

Fruit nectar

Nectar de fruit

Fruit paste

Pâte de fruit

Fruit products

Produits fruitiers

Ibikomoka ku mbuto

Fruit puree

Purée de fruit

Inombe y’imbuto

ibiribwa bigisarurwa/ bitoto Guhunika ibiribwa bikiva mu murima Imboga mbisi zakonjeshejwe zikagagara

Umutobe ushobora kongerwamo amazi n’isukari Inombe y’imbuto/ Umutsima w’imbuto

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Fruit quality

Qualité du fruit

Ubuziranenge/Ubwiza bw’imbuto

Fruit skin

Peau du fruit/ Epiderme du fruit

Uruhu rw’urubuto

Fruit spoilage

Détérioration de fruits

Kononekara kw’imbuto

Fungi

Champignons/ Mycètes

Ubwoko bw’umugera/ Ibisahumyo

Fungicide

Fongicide

Umuti wica udusahumyo

Funnel

Entonnoir

Umubirikira

Garlic

Ail

Tungurusumu

Gel

Igikoma gifashe cyane

Gelatin

Gélatine

Genetic modification

Modification génétique

Ginger

Gingembre Fiole en verre/Bocal en verre/ Récipient en verre Groseille à maquereau

Tangawizi

Grade

Catégorie

Urwego

Grape

Raisin

Umuzabibu

Grapefruit

Pamplemousse

Green bean

Haricots verts

Umuteja

Greenhouse dryer

Séchoir en serre

Inzu yumishirizwamo igenzuwe

Grinding mill

Broyeur/Moulin

Urusyo

Groundnut

Arachide

Ubunyobwa/Ibiyobe/ Ububemba

Glass jar Gooseberry

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Guhinduka bishingiye ku ndangakamere z’ikinyabuzima

Ikirahure Gaperi

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Guava Hard water Harvesting Hazard

Goyave

Ipera

Eau calcaire/Eau dure Moissonnage/ Recolte Risque/Danger alimentaire

Amazi arimo imyunyu ngugu myinshi Gusarura Ibishobora kwangiza ubuzima

Headspace vacuum

Espace non rempli

Umwanya usigara hejuru y’ibiryo bipakiye

Health

Santé

Ubuzima

Heavy metals

Bienfaits pour la santé Stérilisation par la chaleur Agents pathogènes resistant à la chaleur/ Thermorésistants Métaux lourds

Herbs

Herbes

Utwatsi duhumuza

Hermetic closure

Fermeture hermétique

Kurumya/Gufunga neza/ hose

Hermetic packaging

Emballage étanche/ Conditionnement hermétique

Gupakira ugafunga neza neza

High pressure water jet

Jet d’eau à haute pression

Icyuma cyohereza amazi n’ingufu

High-pressure sterilization

Stérilisation à haute pression

Kwica imigera yose hakoreshejwe ingufu nyinshi

Holding tank

Réservoir de retenue

Ingunguru

Hot filling

Remplissage à chaud

Kuzuza ibiryo bishyushye mu dukopo

Health benefits Heat sterilization Heat-resistant pathogens

Inyungu z’ubuzima Kwica imigera hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe Imigera yica, iticwa n’ubushyuhe

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Hot pepper

Piment (fort)

Urusenda

Hot-gas peeling

Epluchage à gaz chaud

Guhata hakoreshejwe umwuka ushyushye

Hulling

Décorticage

Gutonora

Hydraulic press

Presse hydraulique

Hydrocooling

Refroidissement par l’eau

Hydrogen swell

Gonflement du à l’hydrogène

Hygiene

Hygiène

Isuku

Hygiene measures

Mesures d’hygiène

Amabwiriza y’isuku

Hyperfiltration

Kuyungurura ukanoza

Incubation

Kubika ikintu ahantu hari ubushyuhe bugennye

Ingredients

Ingrédients

Inoculation

Insect

Insecte

Instantizing

Instantanéisation

Intrinsic factors

Facteurs intrinsèques

Irradiation

Jackfruit

Jacquier

Impamvu zivuye kuri kamere y’ikintu Gutwika hakoreshejwe imirasire Igifenesi

Jam

Confiture

Komfitire

Jar

Fiole/Bocal/Pot/ Récipient

Icupa

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Gukonjesha hakoreshejwe amazi akonje Kubyimba kw’udukopo ibiryo birimo kubera umwuka wa idorojene

Ibitekwa/Ibigize ikintu Gushyiramo umusemburo Inigwahabiri

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Jars screw-top

Fiole à bouchon vissable en haut

Icupa zifungwa hazengurutswe

Jelly

Gelée

Igikoma

Juice appearance

Apparence du jus

Uko umutobe ugaragara (usa)

Juice filler

Remplisseur de jus

Icyuma gishyira umutobe mu macupa

Juice-based beverages

Boissons à base de jus

Ibinyobwa bikomoka ku mbuto/Imitobe

Kiwi fruit

Fruit de kiwi

Ubwoko bw’imbuto za z kiwi

Label

Etiquette

Urupapuro rugaragaza ibiranga ikintu

Labeller

Etiqueteuse

Icyuma gishyiraho urupapuro ruranga ikintu

Labelling

Etiquetage

Gushyiraho urupapuro ruranga ikintu

Lactic acid

Acide lactique

Aside mvamata

Lactic-acid fermentation

Fermentation lactique

Gusembura hakoreshejwe bagiteri za aside mvamata

Ladle

Louche

Umudaho

Layer

Couche

Leafy vegetables

Légumes feuillues

Imboga z’inyabibabi

Leakage

Fuite

Guhita/Guhitisha

Leek

Poireau

Puwaro

Lemon

Citron

Indimu

Lemonade

Citronnade

Umutobe uva mu bisacunga

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Lemongrass/ Citronelle

Cyayicyayi

Presse-citron

Icyuma gikamura indimu

Haricot de lima

Ubwoko bw’ibishyimbo

Lime

Citron vert/Chaux

Indimu/Ishwagara

Limonene

Limonène

Igisukika kiba mu gishishwa cy’indimu

Liquefaction

Liquéfaction

Guhinduka igisukika k’umwuka (mu mazi)

Lutein

Lutéine

Lycopene

Lycopène

Macadamia

Irangabara ritukura mu bimera Makadamiya

Maceration

Macération

Kwinika

Maillard reaction

Réaction Maillard

Igikorwa kiba iyo isukari ihuye na poroteyine hari ubushyuhe ikintu kigasa n’ibihogo

Malic acid

Acide malique

Mango

Mangue

Umwembe

Mangosteen

Mangoustan

Ubwoko bw’igiti gitanga imbuto

Manure

Fumier

Imborera

Marinade

Uburyo bwo kurunga imboga n’ibindi biribwa

Marmalade

Confiture/ Marmelade

Ubwoko bwa komfitire

Mashing

Brassage

Kwenga

Maslin pan

Casserole de méteil

Ubwoko bw’isafuriya

Maturity

Maturité

Kwera/Gushya

Lemongrass Lemonsqueezer Lima bean

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Melon

Idegede

Membrane filtration

Filtration membranaire

Uduhu/Utwenda twabugenewe dukoreshwa mu iyungurura

Mesocarp

Mésocarpe

Kimwe mu bice bigize urubuto

Metabisulfite

Microbial safety

Innocuité microbienne/ Salubrité microbienne

Ubuziranenge burebana n’ibyakwangiza ibiribwa bitewe na mikorobi

Microbial spoilage

Détérioration d’origine microbienne

Kwangirika bitewe na mikorobi

Microorganism

Micro-organisme

Umugera/Akanyabuzima

Milling

Mouture

Gusya

Minerals

Minéraux

Imyunyu ngugu

Mixer

Mélangeur

Ikivangisho

Mixing tank

Réservoir de mélange

Tanki ikoreshwa mu kuvanga ibintu

Modifiedatmosphere packaging

Conditionnement sous atmosphère modifié

Gupakirira ahari umwuka wahinduwe

Moisture Moisture content Monitoring

Humidité

Ubuhehere

Taux d’humidité

Urugero rw’ubuhehere

Suivi/Contrôle

Igenzura

Moringa

Mould

Moisissure/Moule

Uruhumbu

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Icyuma cyifashishwa mu kugabanya amazi hakoreshejwe umwuka

Multiple-effect evaporator

Evaporateur à effets multiples

Mush/ Cornmeal Mushroom

Bouillie de maïs/ Semoule de maïs Préparer une bouillie Champignon

Mushroom

Champignon

Igihumyo

Muslin cloth

Mousseline/Tissu de mousseline

Ubwoko bw’akayunguruzo gakozwe mu gitambaro

Nanofiltration

Uburyo bwo kuyungurura

Natural acidification

Acidification naturelle

Gusharira byizanye

Natural preservative

Conservant naturel

Ibintu kamere bituma ibiribwa bitangirika

Natural waxes

Cires naturelles

Imishashara y’umwimerere

Nectar

Utuzi tuba ku ndabyo turyohera

Non-enzymatic browning

Brunissement non enzymatique

Kwijima bidatewe na imisemburo

Non-volatile compounds

Composés nonvolatiles

Ibintu bidahinduka umwuka

Nozzle

Buse (pulvérisateur)

Umwenge

Nut

Noix

Ubwoko bw’urubuto rukomera/Nuwa

Nutrients

Eléments nutritifs

Nylon sieve

Tamis en nylon

Off-flavour

Mauvais goût

Mushing

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Igikoma cy’ibigori Kunomba Igihumyo

Intungamubiri Akayunguruzo gakozwe muri nilo Ububihe 95

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Okra

Gombo

Olive

Onion

Oignon

Igitunguru

Optimum dosage

Dosage optimal

Gupima ibintu bitandukanye ku buryo nyabwo

Orange

Icunga/Ironji

Organic produce

Culture biologique

Imyaka/ibiribwa by’umwimerere

Organoleptic

Organoleptique

Cyumvwa hakoreshejwe umubiri gusa (intoki, kureba, kurigata…)

Osmotic concentration

Concentration osmotique

Osmotic dehydration

Déshydratation osmotique

Uburyo bwo gukura amazi mu kintu

Oven

Four

Ifuru

Oxidative breakdown

Dégradation oxydative

Gutwikwa na ogusijene

Package

Paquet/Emballage

Ipaki

Packing

Emballage

Pallet

Palette

Papain

Papaïne

Papaya

Papaye

Parsley

Persil

Passion fruit

Fruit de maracuja/ Fruit de la passion

Gupakira/Gupfunyika / Gushyira muri ambalaji Igitereko kibikwamo ibiribwa byatunganijwe cyangwa byasaruwe Umusemburo uba mu ipapayi Ipapayi Ubwoko bw’imboga zisa na seleri/Perisili Marakuja/Itunda Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Paste

Pâte

Pasteurization

Pasteurisation

Pathogen

Pathogène

Peanut

Arachide

Ubunyobwa

Pear

Poire

Ubwoko bw’imbuto

Pearch

Pêche

Ubwoko bw’imbuto

Peas

Pois

Amashaza

Pectic enzymes

Enzymes pectolytiques

Ubwoko bw’imisemburo

Pectin

Pectine

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Pectinases

Ubwoko bw’imisemburo

Pectolytic enzyme

Enzyme pectolytique

Anzime zicagagura poroteyine

Peel separator

Séparateur d’écorce

Akamashini gakuraho igishishwa

Peeler

Eplucheuse

Icyuma gihata

Peeling

Epluchage

Guhata

Pepper

Poivre

Pericarp

Péricarpe

Puwavuro Kimwe mu bice bigize urubuto

Perishability

Pest control

Altérabilité/ Périssabilité Contrôle des parasites/Lutte phytosanitaire/Lutte contre les insectes nuisibles pH

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Inombe Guteka/Gushyushya/ Kubiza hagamijwe kwica udukoko Mikorobi zitera indwara/ Igihumanya/Igitera indwara

Kwangirika Kurinda udukoko twangiza ibihingwa cyangwa ibiribwa Ubukare 97

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Igikoresho gipima ubukare

pH metre

pH-mètre

Phenol

Phénol

Phenolic compound

Composé phénolique

Physical hazards

Risques physiques/ Dangers physiques

Ibintu bifatika byangiza umubiri bishobora kuboneka mu biryo

Physicochemical properties

Propriétés physicochimiques

Imiterere

Phytochemicals

Substances phytochimiques

Ibintu biba mu bimera bifitiye akamaro umubiri Ubwoko bw’intungamubiri ziba mu mbuto n’imboga Ubwoko bw’ikiribwa gikorwa mu bintu bitandukanye

Phytonutrients

Phyto-nutriments

Pickle

Cornichon

Pigment

Colorant

Intangabara

Pineapple

Ananas

Inanasi

Plastic film bag

Sac en film plastique

Umufuka wifitemo agahu ka parasitike

Plum

Prune

Ubwoko bw’imbuto (y’Ikinyomoro)

Pod vegetables

Légumes à gousse

ibinyamisogwe

Polyethylene

Polyéthylène

Polyphenol

Polyphénol

Polyphenol oxidase

Polyphénol oxidase

Polyvinyl chloride

Chlorure de polyvinyle

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Ubwoko bw’imbuto/ Umukomamanga Kugira utwenge ducamo amazi Nyuma y’isarura

Pomegranate

Grenade

Porosity

Porosité

Post-harvest

Post-récolte

Post-harvest defects

Défauts post-récolte

Ibyangiritse bigaragara nyuma y’isarura

Maladies postrécolte

Indwara za nyuma y’isarura

Pertes post-récolte

Ibitakara nyuma y’isarura

Post-harvest quality

Qualité post-récolte

Ubwiza/ubuziranenge bw’imyaka nyuma y’isarura

Post-harvest technology

Technologie postrécolte

ikoranabuhanga bwo gufata neza ibyasaruwe

Potable water

Eau potable

Amazi meza yo kunywa

Powdered products

Produits en poudre

Ibiribwa bikoze mu mafu

Preclarification

Pré-clarification

Ibikorwa mbere yo kuyungurura

Pre-harvest management

Gestion pré-récolte

Imicungire ya mbere y’isarura

Preservation

Conservation

Kubika/Guhunika

Preservative

Conservant

Preserves

Conserves

Pre-sorting

Triage préalable

Post-harvest diseases Post-harvest losses

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Icyongerwa mu biryo gifasha kubibika igihe kirekire Ibiribwa biteguwe mu buryo bizamara igihe kirekire bitarangirika Kurobanura kw’ibanze/ gukorwa mbere 99

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Pressure-type filters

Type de filtres à pression

Ubwoko bw’utuyunguruzo

Pre-treatment

Traitement préliminaire

Gutunganya (ibiribwa) by’ibanze/bikorwa mbere

Proanthocyanidins

Proanthocyanidines

Procedure

Procédure

Uburyo/Inzira ikintu gikorwamo

Process optimization

Optimisation des procédés

Gukora ku buryo bwiza bushoboka

Processing centre

Centre de transformation

Processing facility

Usine de transformation

Processing line

Ligne de production

Aho ibiribwa bitunganyirizwa Uruganda rutunganyirizwamo ibiribwa Ahatunganyirizwa ikiribwa cg ikinyobwa cyihariye

Processing plant

Usine de transformation

Uruganda rutunganya ibiribwa

Processing unit

Unité de transformation

Uruganda rutunganya ibiribwa

Proteolytic enzyme

Enzyme protéolytique

Ubwoko bw’umusemburo

Proximate analysis

Analyse approximative

Gusuzuma biguha ikigereranyo cy’uko ikintu runaka kingana

Prune

Pruneau

Ubwoko bw’imbuto

Psychotrophic microorganisms

Micro-organismes psychrotrophes

Utunyabuzima tuba ahantu hakonje

Puffiness

Gonflement

Kubyimba

Pulp

Pulpe

Uduhwa tw’imbuto

100

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Pulp extractor

Extracteur de la pulpe

Pulper

Pulpeur

Pulse

Lentille/Légume à gousse

Pumpkin

Potiron/Citrouille

Ubwoko bw’ibihaza

Puree

Purée

Inombe

Pycnometry

Pycnométrie

Quality

Qualité

Ubwiza bw’ikintu

Quince

Coing

Ubwoko bw’ikirungo

Rack

Etagère pour légumes

Agakoresho kifashishwa mu guterekaho ibiribwa

Radish

Radis

Ubwoko bw’imboga aho ikiribwa ari imizi yayo/ Radi

Raisin

Raspberries

Framboises

Reflection

Réflexion

Kugaruka k’urumuri rugonze ikintu runaka

Refractometer

Réfractomètre

Icyuma gipima urugero rw’isukari mu bisukika

Refrigerated vehicles

Véhicules frigorifiques

Imodoka zifitemo firigo

Rehydration/ reconstitution

Réhydratation/ reconstitution

Kongera amazi mu kiribwa runaka cyumishijwe

Relative humidity

Humidité relative

Ubuhehere bw’umwuka

Respiration

Guhumeka

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Icyuma kiyungurura uduhwa tw’imbuto Icyuma gikura uduhwa mu mbuto Ubwoko bw’ibinyamisogwe (imikunde)

Urubuto rw’’umuzabibu Ubwoko bw’imbuto zimeze nk’inkeri

101

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Respiration activity

Activité respiratoire

Igikorwa cyo guhumeka

Reverse osmosis

Osmose inverse

Ubwoko bw’iyungurura butuma hatambuka amazi gusa

Ripe fruit

Fruit mûr

Urubuto ruhishije/rweze

Ripeness

Maturité

Kwera/Gushya

Ripening

Maturation

Kwera/Gushya

Rodent

Rongeur

Icyonnyi cyo mu bwoko bw’ingugunnyi/Inkegesi

Roller inspection table

Table à rouleaux pour inspection

Ameza akorerwaho igenzura

Room temperature

Température ambiante

Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe bwo hanze

Root

Racine

Umuzi

Rotary drum presser

Presse à tambour rotatif

Ubwoko bw’icyuma gikamura

Rotary drum pressure filters

Presse-filtres à tambour rotatif

Rotary washer

Laveuse rotative

Rotating mixer

Mélangeur rotatif/ Mélangeur automatique

Ubwoko bw’imashini ivanga

Rubber

Caoutchouc

kawucu

Salt

Sel

Umunyu

Salt dispenser

Distributeur de sel/ Epandeur de sel

Icyifashishwa mu kuminjira umunyu

102

Ubwoko bw’icyuma gikamura kikanayungurura Ubwoko bw’icyuma cyifashishwa mu koza ibintu

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Salted vegetables

Légumes salés

Imboga zashyizwemo umunyu

Salting

Salaison

Gushyiramo umunyu/ kurunga n’umunyu/ Kuranzikisha umunyu

Sample

Echantillon

Urwitegererezo

Sanitation

Assainissement

Isukura rigabanya cyane mikorobi/Ugusukura

Saturation

Gusenderereza/Kuzura/ Guhaga amazi

Indice de saturation

Igipimo cy’isenderera

Sauce

Isosi

Sauerkraut

Choucroute

Ubwoko bw’amashu ategurwa bayavuza (agasharira)

Scalding

Echaudage

Gushyushya cyane

Scale

Balance

Umunzani

Scrape

Gratter/Racler

Gukuba

Screening

Sélection/Criblage

Gutoranya/Kuyungurura

Screw presses

Presse à vis

Ubwoko bw’icyuma gikamura/gikanda

Sealing machine

Machine de scellage

Imashini ifunga/ ipfundikira

Seamer

Sertisseuse

Seaming

Sertissage

Seaming machine

Machine de sertissage

Sedimentation method

Méthode de sédimentation

Uburyo bwo gukeneka

Seed

Graine

Impeke/Akabuto/Intete

Saturation index Sauce

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Imashini ifunga Gufunga udukopo tw’ibiribwa Imashini ifunga udukopo tw’ibiribwa

103

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Semiprocessed

Semi-traité

Gitunganyije ku buryo butarangiye

Senescence

Sénescence

Ubusaza (bw’ibihingwa)

Sensory quality

Qualité sensorielle

Serpentine

Serpentin

Shade drying

Séchage sous ombre

Shelf-life

Durée de conservation

Ubwiza/Ubuziranenge bwumvwa hifashishijwe amazuru, ururimi, gukorakora, amaso Icyuma bakoresha mu buryo bwo gukonjesha/ gushyushya Kumutsa/Kumisha mu gicucu Igihe ntarengwa ibiribwa bimara bihunitse

Shredding

Produit à durée de vie stable/ Produits de longue (durée de) conservation Déchiquetage

Sieve

Tamis

Akayunguruzo

Size reduction

Réduction de la taille

Sizer

Granulomètre

Skimmer

Ecumoire

Slicer

Eminceur/ Trancheuse/Couteau à découper

Slicing

Emincer/Découpage en tranches

Kugabanya ingano y’ikintu runaka Imashini ipima ingano y’ikintu Igikoresho gikuramo ibintu bireremba mu gisukika Akuma gakatamo uduce tungana kandi duteye kimwe Gukatamo uduce uduce tungana kandi duteye kimwe

Smoke

Fumée

Shelf-stable product

104

Ibiribwa byatunganijwe bimara igihe kirekire bitarangirika Gushwanyaguza

Umwotsi Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Smoking

Fumage

Smoothies

Fouettées

Soaking

Trempage/ Immersion

Sodium benzoate Sodium chloride

Gutunganya ibiribwa runaka hakoreshejwe umwotsi Ubwoko bw’ibinyobwa bikorwa mu mbuto n’amata bivuruze Kudubika/Kwinika

Benzoate de sodium Chlorure de sodium

Umunyu

Sodium nitrite

Nitrite de sodium

Soft

Doux

Cyorohereye

Soft water

Eau adoucie

Amazi atarimo imyunyu ngugu myinshi

Softening

Adoucissement (adoucissant)

Koroshya/Gutuma ibiribwa byorohera

Solar dryer

Séchoir solaire

Icyuma cyumisha hakoreshejwe imirasire y’izuba

Solar drying

Séchage solaire/ Séchage au soleil

Kumisha hakoreshejwe imirasire y’izuba

Sorbic acid

Acide sorbique

Sorting

Triage

Gutandukanya/gushyira mu byiciro/Kurobanura Aho batandukanyiriza/ bashyirira mu byiciro mu ruganda

Sorting machine

Ligne d’assortissement/ Ligne de triage Trieuse/Machine de triage

Sourness

Acidité/Aigreur

Ubusharire

Soybean

Soja

Soya

Sorting line

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Imashini itoranya

105

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Spices

Épices

Ibirungo

Spinach

Épinards

Epinari

Spoilage

Détérioration

Kwangirika

Spray drier

Séchoir à pulverization/ Atomiseur

Icyuma gikoreshwa mu kumutsa/kumisha

Spraying

Pulvérisation

Uburyo bwo gufuhira

Sprouting

Germination

Stacking

Empilement/ Empiler

Kumera Gupanga ibintu bimwe hejuru y’ibindi/Kurunda hamwe

Stainless steel

Acier inoxydable/ Inox

Ibyuma bidafata umugese

Standard

Standard/Norme

Ngenderwaho

Standardization mark

Marque de normalisation.

Akamenyetso ku biribwa byateguwe kerekana ko byujuje ubuzirange

Starch

Amidon

Steady state

Etat d’équilibre

Steam

Vapeur

Steam peeling

Epluchage par vapeur

Steaming

Cuisson à la vapeur

Steam-jacketed pan

Casserole à vapeur

Stem/stalk vegetables

Tiges (souches/ tronc)/Légumestroncs

106

Amido Kuba ibintu bidahindagurika Umwuka ushyushye cyane uva mu mazi abira Guhata/Guharura hakoreshejwe umwuka ushyushye cyane Guteka hakoreshejwe umwuka ushyushye cyane Ubwoko bw’isafuriya itekeshwa hakoreshejwe umwuka Imboga ziribwa uruti

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Sterility

Stérilité

Sterilization

Stérilisation

Sterilization by filtration

Stérilisation par filtration/Filtration stérilisante

Sterilizing agent

Agent de stérilisation

Stirring

Agitation

Kuba ibiribwa byatunganyijwe ku buryo mikorobi zose zipfa Guteka cyangwa gutunganya ibiribwa ku buryo mikorobi zose zipfa/Uburyo bwo kwica mikorobi zose Gutunganya ibiribwa ku buryo mikorobi zose zipfa hifashishijwe kuyungurura Icyifashishwa mu gutunganya ibiribwa ku buryo mikorobi zose zipfa Kuvanga

Stone fruits

Drupes/Fruits à noyaux

Ubwoko bw’imbuto zigira urubuto rukomeye

Storage

Stockage/ Entreposage

Gushyira mu bubiko/ Guhunika

Storage life

Durée de stockage

Igihe ibintu bimara mu bubiko

Storage room

Salle de stockage (d’entreposage)

Icyumba cyagenewe kubikwamo/Ububiko

Storage tank

Réservoir/Cuve de stockage

Tanki yagenewe kubikwamo

Storage temperature

Température de stockage

Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe mu bubiko

Storage time

Temps de stockage/ entreposage

Igihe ibintu bimara mu bubiko

Stove

Réchaud/Fourneau

Iziko

Strainer

Presse

Icyuma gikamura

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

107

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Straining

Pressage

Gukamura

Strawberry

Fraise

Inkeri

Sub-tropical fruit

Fruit subtropical

Imbuto zera ahantu hashyushye

Succulent

Gifite isukari nyinshi/ Kiryohereye

Sucrose

Isukari

Sulphiting Sulphur dioxide Sunburn

Sulfitage

Coup de soleil

Kubaburwa n’izuba

Sun-dryer

kumisha ku zuba

Sweet lemon

Séchoir sous soleil Agents tensio-actifs/ Surfactants Citron doux/Limette

Sweetness

Goût sucré

Uburyohere

Syrup

Sirop

Siro

Tabletting

Pastillage

Tannins

Tanins

Tartaric acid

Acide tartrique

Tartness

Aigreur/Acidité

Ubusharire

Temperate fruits

Fruits tempérés

Ubwoko bw’imbuto zihingwa mu turere dukonja

Temporary storage

Stockage/ Entreposage temporaire

Kubika/gushyira mu bubiko igihe gito

Texture

Imimerere y’ikintu

Thermal conductivity

Conductivité thermique

Gutwara/Kugenda/ Gutembera k’ubushyuhe mu kintu runaka

Surfactants

108

Dioxide de soufre

Ubwoko bw’ibisacunga

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Thermal diffusion

Diffusion thermique

Gusaranganya ubushyuhe mu kintu runaka

Thermal radiation

Transformation thermique/ Traitement thermique Rayonnement thermique

Thermal shock

Choc thermique

Ikubitiro ry’ubushyuhe

Thermometer

Thermomètre

Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe

Thermal processing

Gutunganya hakoreshejwe ingufu z’ubushyuhe Imirasire ishyushye

Thin-film evaporators

Epaississement/ Epaississant Evaporateurs à couches minces

Tin

Etain

Itini

Tomato

Tomate

Itomati

Top icing

Glaçage supérieur

Guhindura barafu ibiri hejuru

Total soluble solids

Solides complétement solubles

Ibikomeye byivanga n’amazi byose

Translucency

Translucidité

Bituma urumuri rutambuka/ruhita/ Kubengerana

Transmission

Transportation

Tray

Plateau

Isiniya/Isahani igaramye/ Iparato

Tree fruits

Arbre-fruitiers

Imbuto z’ibiti

Tree tomato

Tomate arbustive (d’arbre)/Prune de japon

Itomati zo ku biti/ Ikinyomoro

Thickening

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Kongera mu bunini Icyuma kigabanya amazi hakoreshejwe kuyabiza

Gutambuka/Gutambutsa Itwara/Gutwara bintu n’abantu/Ubwikorezi

109

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Trimming

Taille

Tropical fruits

Fruits tropicaux

Tubers

Tubercules

Tunnel drier

Gukata Imbuto zihingwa mu turere twegereye Ekwateri Ibjyanye n’imyumbati, ibijumba n’ibisa nabyo/ Ibinyabijumba Ubwoko bwo kumutsa/ kumisha bicishijwe mu muhora ushyushye Umutobe wifitemo binini bigaragaramo

Séchoir à tunnel

Turbid juice

Jus trouble

Turbidity

Turbidité

Guhungabana kw’ibiribwa bisukika

Turnip

Navet

Ubwoko bw’imboga aho ikiribwa ari imizi yayo/ Nave

Turnip greens

Feuilles de navet

Ibibabi bya nave

Ugli fruit

Ugli

Imbuto ya Ugli

Ultrafiltration

Iyungurura rituma hatambuka utuntu duto gusa

Ultrasonic cleaning

Nettoyage ultrasonique

Ubwoko bw’isukura

Ultra-violet light

Lumière UV

Urumuri rwa UV

Underground storage

Stockage souterrain/ stockage sous-sol

Kubika mu nsi y’ubutaka

Under-vacuum

Sousvide

Nta mwuka urimo/uhari

Undesirable effects

Effets indésirables

Ingaruka zitifuzwa

Unloading

Déchargement/ Débarquement

Gupakurura

110

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Unripe Unsteady state

Non mûr Etat instable

Vacuum belt

Bande sous vide/ Bande à vide

Vacuum cooker Vacuum cooling

Cuisinière à vide/ Cuiseur sous vide Réfroidissiment sous vide

Vacuum dryer

Séchoir à(sous) vide

Vacuum evaporator

Evaporateur sous vide

Vacuum filter

Filtre sous vide

Vacuum shelf

Étagère sous vide

Value addition

Valeur Ajoutée

Vegetables

Légumes

Vessel

Cuve/Récipient

Vinegar Viscosity Vitamin Volatile compounds

Vinaigre Viscosité Vitamine

Wagon

Chariot

Composés volatils

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Kiteze/Kibisi Kudatuza Umukandara utwara ibiribwa ahantu hatari umwuka Ishyiga/igitekesho giteka hakuwemo umwuka Ikonjesha rikorewe ahantu hatari umwuka Ahanikirwa/ Ahumukirizwa habugenewe hakuwemo umwuka Icyuma kigabanya amazi hakoreshejwe kuyabiza Akayunguruzo kabugenewe gakoreshwa ahantu hakuwe umwuka Akagege kari ahantu hatari umwuka Kongerera agaciro Imboga Igitwarwamo ibintu bitadukanye Vinegere Ukurenduka/Uburenduke Vitamine Ibintu bitumuka ari umwuka Imodoka yabugenewe ikururwa n’inyamaswa (nk’ingamiya) itwarwamo ibintu (nk’umusaruro)

111

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Warehouse

Entrepôt

Water activity

Activité de l’eau

Water bath

Bain marie

Water chestnut

Châtaigne d’eau/ Plante européenne

Watercress

Cresson/Plante de la famille de choux qui pousse sur l’eau

Inzu yabugenewe ibikwamo ibintu (nk’umusaruro/ ibiribwa byatunganijwe)/ Ikigega/ Ububiko Igipimo cy’amazi atagize ibyo afasheho ku buryo umugera n’izindi mikorobi ziyakoresha mu mikurire yazo Amazi yashyuhijwe ku gigero runaka akoreshwa mu bintu bitandukanye muri laboratwari Ubwoko bw’imboga zihingwa mu mazi cyane cyane mu Bushinwa Ubwoko bw’igihingwa gihingwa mu mazi i Burayi

Wax

Cire

Sire/Urucumbu

Wet processing

Transformation/ Traitement humide

Gutunganya ibiribwa hakoreshejwe amazi

White-brown vegetables

Légumes blancbruns

Imboga z’amabara y’umweru n’ayijimye

Wild fruits

Fruits sauvages

Imbuto zera mu gihuru

Wilting

Fanage/ Flétrissement

Kurabirana/Kirabiranya/ Cyumya

Wine Wooden bins

Vin Casiers/Bacs en bois

Wooden spoon

Cuillère en bois

Divayi Amakaziye akoze mu giti Ibiyiko bikozemu giti/ Umudaho Ameza (batunganyirizaho imbuto/imboga) Umusemburo

Work benches Yeast 112

Bancs/Banquette de travail Levure

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

ROOTS AND TUBERS

ENGLISH

FRANÇAIS

KINYARWANDA

Adhesive

Adhésif

Kimatira Ubumara buva mu mugera/Uburozi ruhumbu Urugero rw’ubushyuhe bw’umwuka

Aflatoxin

Aflatoxine

Air temperature

Température de l’air

Alcohol

Alcool

Alkaloid

Alcaloïde

Amylopectin

Amylopectine

Amylose

Anaerobic fermentation

Fermentation anaérobie

Anthocyanin

Anthocyanine

Ash

Cendre

Ivu

Bacterium

Bactérie

Ubwoko bw’umugera/Bagiteri

Barn Beet

Grange/Etable/ Ecurie Betterave

Beta-carotene

Bêta-carotène

Biodegradable

Biodégradable

Biofuel

Biocarburant

Bitter

Amer

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Alukoro Ubwoko bw’isukari ndende Ubwoko bw’isukari Gutara nta mwuka uhari Irangabara ry’ibimera ry’ubururu, umutuku cyangwa icyatsi)

Ubuhunikiro Beterave Intangabara y’ibara rya oranje mu bihingwa, itanga na vitamini A Gushwanyagurika/ Kibora Amavuta ya moteri aturuka ku bimera Gishaririye 113

ROOTS AND TUBERS

Bitter cassava

Manioc amer

Imyumbati isharira/ Gitamisi

Boiling

Ebullition

Kubira

Browning

Brunissement

Gusa n’ikigina/

Bulb

Bulbe

Imvovompiri/ Igisatunguru

Bulk

Volume/Masse

Ubunini

Bulkiness

Umubyimba

Cardboard boxes

Grosseur Hydrates de carbone/ Glucides Carton

Carotene

Carotène

Cassava

Manioc

Cassava chips

Cossettes de manioc

Cassava cuttings

Bouture de manioc

Cassava paste

Pâte de manioc

Cellulose

Centrifugation

Chilling injury

Dégâts dus au froid

Carbohydrates

Amasukari Amakarito Intangabaray’ibara rya oranje mu bihingwa, itanga na vitamin A Umwumbati Uduce tw’imyumbati/ Imibaru y’imyumbati Ingeri y’umwumbati Ubugari bw’imyumbati Isukari ndende (seluloze)/Seliroze Gutandukanya ibintu hakoreshejwe gukaraga Kononekara kubera ubukonje

Chlorophyll

Chlorophylle

Irangabara ry’ibimera ry’icyatsi/Intangabara cyatsi

Clay

Argile

Ibumba

Cleaning

Nettoyage

Gusukura

114

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

ROOTS AND TUBERS

Cocoyam

Taro/Macabo

Ibikoro

Cold storage

Stockage/ Entreposageà froid

Kubika ahantu hakonje

Consumption

Consommation

Gukoresha, kurya, kunywa

Corm

Bulbe/Rhizome

Iteke/Inguri

Corm curing

Durcissement (Cuisson) des bulbes

Gukiza/Gusana ibikoro

Crate

Caisse/casier

Ikaziye

Crop standard

Norme de la culture

Ibikurikizwa mu guhinga

Crop yield

Rendement de la culture/des récoltes

Umusaruro

Crude fiber

Fibre brute

Ubukoco budashonga mu mazi bwo mu biribwa

Cured root crops

Cultures de racines durcis

Ibiribwa by’imizi byahongeshejwe

Curing

Durcissement/ Fanage

Gusana/Guhongesha

Cuttings

Boutures

Ingeri

Cyanide

Cyanure

Itera gusharira n’ubumara mu myumbati)

Decantation

Décantation

Guteka/Kwikeneka

Dehydrated potato dices

cubes de pommes de Ibirayi bikasemo terre deshydratés ibice byumishijwe

Dehydration

Déshydratation

Derived products

Produits dérivés

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Gukuramo amazi Ibikomoka ku bindi bintu 115

ROOTS AND TUBERS

Detoxification

Désintoxication

Kuvanamo ubumara

Dewatering

Déshydratation/ Asséchage

Gukuramo amazi

Dextrin

Dextrine

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Dextrin-based adhesives

Adhésifs à base de dextrine

Digestibility

Digestibilité

Kuba ikiribwa kigogorwa n’igifu

Distiller

Distillateur

Icyuma gihindura ibisukika umwuka kikabisubiza kuba ibisukika

Dormancy

Dormance

Umudindiro w’imyaka

Dough

Pâte

Igipondo

Downgrading

Dégradation

Kugabanuka mu buziranenge

Drought tolerance

Tolérance à la sécheresse

Kwihanganira amapfa/izuba ryinshi

Dry weight basis

Base du poids sec

Ibiro byikintu cyakuwemo amazi

Dryer

Séchoir

Icyuma cyumisha/ Ahantu bumishiriza

Drying

Sécher

Kumisha

Drying tray

Plateau de séchage

Akameza ko kumishirizaho

Dry-matter loss

Perte en matière sèche

Gutakara kw’intungamuri zidafite amazi

Dry-milling machine

Machine de moulage à sec/ Mouture a sec

Icyuma gisya ibintu byumye

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Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

ROOTS AND TUBERS

Edible aroids

Aracées comestibles

Ibiribwa nyamizi

Enzymatic browning

Brunissement enzymatique

Gisa n’ibihogo (n’ikigina) kw’ibiryo bitewe n’imisemburo

Extraneous matter

Corps étrangers

Ibiva mu kirere gikikije ahantu

Fermentation

Gutara/Gusembura/ Guhuguta

Fermentor

Fermenteur

Urutariro

Fiber

Fibre

Ubukoco

Field clumps

Touffes de champs

Ibirundo mu murima

Firmness

Fermeté

Flash dryer

Sécheur ultrarapide

Flavour change

Changement de saveur

Gukomera Icyuma cyumisha vuba Guhinduka mu buryohe

Flour

Farine

Ifu

Fluidity cup

Tasse de fluidité

Igikombe gipima ubusukike bw’ikintu

Food Safety

Salubrité alimentaire

Ubiziranenge bw’ibiribwa

Fried cassava

Manioc frit

Ifiriti y’imyumbati

Fried yam chips

Cossettes d’igname frites

Ifiriti y’ibikoro

Frying

Faire frire

Gukaranga

Fufu

Fufu (y’ubugari)

Functionality

Fonctionnalité

Imikorere

Fungi

Champignons

Uruhumyo

Fungicide

Fongicide

Icyica umugera/ Umwicadusahumyo

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

117

ROOTS AND TUBERS

Gelatinization

Gari/Pâte à base de manioc Gélatinisation

Glucose syrup

Sirop de glucose

Siro ya glucose

Grading

Classement

Kugabanyamo/ Gushyira mu byiciro

Granule

Utubuyengo

Grater

Râpe

Icyuma giharatura/ Rape/Igishawaratuzi

Grating

Râpage

Gukuba/Guharagata

Greening

Verdissage

Gusa n’icyatsi

Grinding

Meulage

Guhera/Guheretura

Grits

Gruau

Ibiheri/Uduce duto/

Hammer mill

Broyeur à marteaux

Ubwoko bw’urusyo

Hand peeling

Epluchage à la main

Guhata n’intoki

Harvest

Récolter/recolte

Gusarura/Umusaruro

Harvesting

Moissonnage

Gusarura

Humidity

Humidité

Ubuhehere

Hydrocyanic acid

Acide cyanhydrique

Hydrolysis

Hydrolyse

Gari

Indigenous food Inedible part

Nourriture nonmodifiée Partie non comestible

Gari Gufatana

Gushwanyagurika hari amazi Ibiryo gakondo/ bitahinduwe Igice kitaribwa

Irradiation

Gutwika hakoreshejwe imirasire

Jet cooker

Cuiseurà Jet

Ubwoko bw’isafuriya itekerwamo

Juice

Jus

Umutobe

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Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

ROOTS AND TUBERS

Leaves

Typpe de séchoir/ four Feuilles

Linamarase

Linamarin

Linamarine

Lipids

Lipides

Liquefaction

Liquéfaction

Lycopene

Lycopène

Maltodextrin

Maltodextrine

Maltose

Malitoze

Mash

Purée/Mélo

Kunomba/Inombe

Mashing

Faire la purée

Kunomba

Mastication

Gukanjakanja

Mechanical damage

Mertrissessement mécaniques

Kononekara kubera igikoresho nk’isuka cya ibindi nka byo

Mechanical peeling

Epluchage mécanique

Guhata hakoreshijwe icyuma

Mechanized graters

Râpes mécanisées

Gukuba hakoreshejwe icyuma

Minerals

Minérals

Imunyu ngugu

Modified starch

Amidon modifié

Amido ihinduye

Moist product

Produit humide/ moite

Ikintu kiboberere

Moisture content

Taux d’humidité

Urugero rw’ubuhehere

Kiln dryer

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bw’ifuru Amababi Imisemburo iba mu ruhu rw’udusaro tw’imyumbati ituma isharira Ibinyamavuta Guhinduka igisukika kw’umwuka Irangabara ritukura mu bimera

119

ROOTS AND TUBERS

Moisture tester

Doseur d’humidité

Icyuma gipima ubuhehere

Mortar

Mortier

Isekuru

Moulded plastic boxes

Boîtes en plastique moulé

Mouth feel

Sensation gustative

Mycotoxin

Mycotoxine

Udukopo bukoze muri pulasitike Uko ikintu cyumvikana mu kanwa Ubumara buva mu ruhumbu

Native starch

Amidon non-modifie

Amido y’umwimerere

Necrosis

Nécrose

Indwara yo mu bihingwa

Nutritional facts

Valeur nutritive

Urugero rw’intungamubiri ziri mu kintu

Nutritive value

Valeur nutritive

Umumaro w’ibiribwa

Opacity

Opacité

Kwijima

Oven

Four/Etuve

Ifuru

Oxidative darkening

Assombrissement oxydatif

Kwijima bitewe no gutwika (kiribwa) hakoreshejwe ogusijene

Packaging

Conditionnement

Gupakira

Palatability

Agréable au gout/ Appétence

Palatability loss

Perte de goût

Paper

Papier

Impapuro

Partial loss

Perte partielle

Gutakara igice

120

Kugira icyanga kw’ikiribwa/ ikinyobwa Guta icyanga kw’ikiribwa/ ikinyobwa

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

ROOTS AND TUBERS

Particle size

Dimension de particule

Pedal grater

Râpe à pédale

Peeling

Epluchage

Guhata

Pellets

Pastilles

Uduceduce

Perishability

Altérabilité/ Périssabilité

Kwangirika/ Gupfapfana

Perishable

Périssable

Cyangirika/Gishobora gupfa

Pest control

Contrôle des parasites

Kurinda udukoko twangiza ibihingwa cyangwa ibiribwaI/ Kurinda ibyonnyi mu biribwa

Pest infestation

Infestation par parasite

Kwangizwa n’udusimba/ Kumungwa

Pestle

Pilon

Umusekuzo/Umuhini

pH meter

pH-mètre

Igikoresho gipima pH

Physical injury

Meurtrissessement physiques/Blessure physique

Gukomereka

Physiological changes

Changements physiologiques

Ibihinduka mu buzima bw’ikinyabuzima/ mu mikorere y’ikinyabuzima

Phyto-sanitary requirements

Conditions phytosanitaires

Ibisabwa mu isuku y’ibihingwa

Pigment

Colorant

Irangabara

Pit

Fosse

Umwobo/Icyobo

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ingano y’akantu (agacece) Igikoresho gikuba banyonze

121

ROOTS AND TUBERS

Plant propagation

Propagation de plante

Gutubura ukanatera igihingwa udusache

Plastic film sack

Sac à feuille de plastique

Umufunga ya pulasitike

Polyphenol

Polyphénol

Post-harvest

Post-récolte

Nyuma y’isarura

Potato

Pomme de terre

Ikirayi

Pottage

Pottage/Potée

Potaje

Pounded yam

Igname martelée

Inombe y’ibikoro

Pounding

Pilage/Martellement

Gusekura/Kunomba

Pre-harvest

Avant la récolte

Mbere y’isarura

Press

Presse

Igikoresho gikamura

Pressing

Pressage

Pulp

Pulpe

Purification

Gukamura Igikatsi/Igice kiribwa cy’urubuto Gusukura ikintu

Raffinose

Isukari ntoya

Raw

Cru

Raw material

Matière première

Refrigerated storage

Entreposage frigorifique

Kibisi Ikintu bakoramo ibindi

Relative humidity

Humidité relative

Respiration rate

Taux respiratoire

Retrogradation

Rétrogradation/ Régression

Rhizome

Inguri

Roasting

Torréfaction

Gukaranga

122

Ububiko bukonje Ubuhehere bw’umwuka Urugero rwo guhumeka

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

ROOTS AND TUBERS

Rodent damage

Dégats causés par les rongeurs

Ibyangijwe n’inkegesi/ ingugunnyi

Root

Racine

Umuzi

Root crop

Plantes àracines

Igihigwa nyamizi

Rot

Putréfaction/ Pourriture

Gupfa/Ububore/ Ukubora

Rotary dryer

Séchoir rotatoire

Ifuru yumisha izenguruka

Rotting

Décomposition/ Pourrissement

Kubora

Saccharification

Gukata amasukari manini mo amasukari mato

Saccharose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Sawdust

Sciure (de bois)

Ibarizo

Sealing machine

Sertisseuse/ Machine à sceller/de cachetage

Imashini ifunga

Sheen

Eclat

Ugushashagira

Sieving

Tamisage

Kuyungurura

Skin permeability

Perméabilité de l’ecorse

Slicer

Eminceur

Slicing

Emincir

Slurry

Suspension

Small-scale

A petite échelle

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Igigishishwa gucengerwamo n’ibisukika Akuma gakata ikintu mo uduce tungana kandi duteye kimwe Gukata ikintu mo uduce uduce tungana kandi duteye kimwe Ku rugero ruto

123

ROOTS AND TUBERS

Small-scale processing

Transformation à petite échelle

Gutunganya ku rugero ruto

Soaking

Trempage/ Immersion

Kwinika

Soft texture

Texture douce

Solanine

Solanine poisoning

Intoxication à la solanine

Guhumanywa na solanine

Spoilage

Détérioration

Kwangirika

Sprout inhibitors

Inhibiteurs de germination

Ibibuza kumera

Stability

Stabilité

Gutuza

Staple food

Aliment de base

Ikiribwa cy’ibanze

Starch inversion

Inversion/ Renversement d’amidon

Guhinduka kwa amido

Starch syrup

Sirop d’amidon

Siro ya amido

Starchy flesh

Chair féculente/ amylacée

Igice cy’igihingwa kiganjemo amido

Starchy root

Racine féculente/ amylacée

Imizi ifite amido nyinhsi

Kidakomeye/ Cyorohereye Ubumara buboneka cyane cyane mu birayi

Steam boiler

Chaudière à vapeur

Steaming

Cuisson à la vapeur

124

Icyuma gitanga umwuka w’amazi ushyushye mu ruganda Gutekesha umwuka w’amazi ashyushye

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

ROOTS AND TUBERS

Steeping

Trempage/ Macération/Infusion

Kwinika

Stem

Tige/Tronc/Souche

Igihimba cy’ikimera

Stirring

Agitation

Kuvanga

Storage conditions

Machine à coudre/ Brocheuse Conditions de stockage

Store-shade

Stock ombragée

Subsistence farming

Agriculture de subsistance

Sugar

Sucre

Isukari

Sun drying

Séchage au soleil

Kumisha hakoreshejwe izuba

Sun scorch

Coup de soleil

Gutwikwa n’izuba

Sweet cassava

Manioc doux

Sweet potato

Patate douce

Tannia

Tannia/Macabo/ Chou caraïbe

Iteke

Tapioca

Tapioca/Manioc

Tapiyoka

Tapioca flakes

Flocons de tapioca

Ubwoko bw’ibiryo

Tapioca grits

Sémoule à base de tapioca

Uduceduce twa tapiyoka

Textile

Ibijyanye n’imyenda

Thawing

Décongélation/Dégel

Kuva muri barafu ujya mu gisukika

Thick

Epais

Gifite umubyimba

Stitching machine

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Imashini idoda Ibiranga ahahunikwa Ubwumukirizo/ Ubuhunikiro Ubuhinzi bw’ibihingwa ngandurarugo

Umwumbati w’umuribwa Ikijumba

125

ROOTS AND TUBERS

Gitera gufatakikanongera umubyimba Umubyimba/ Ugufatana Kwangirika kw’ingirabika

Thickener

Epaississant

Thickness

Epaisseur

Tissue degradation

Dégradation du tissu

Tissue discoloration

Décoloration du tissu

Guta ibara kw’ingirabika

Toasting

Grillade/Grillage

Kotsa

Toxicity

Toxicité

Guhumanya kw’ikintu

Traditional grater

Râpe traditionnelle/ Râpe classique

Igikuba gakondo giharagata

Traditional iron pan

Casserole traditionnelle

Isafuriya icuze (mu buryo bwa gakondo)

Traditional processing

Transformation traditionnelle

Gutunganya ibintu mu buryo bwa gakondo

Transpiration

Gututubikana

Tray

Plateau

Iparato

Tropical root crops

Cultures de racines tropicales

Ibihingwa nyamizi by’ahantu hashyuha

Tuber

Tubercule

Ikinyabijumba

Vacuum packing

Conditionnement/ Emballage sous vide

Gupakira nta mwuka uhari

Ventilated storage

Entreposage ventillé

Guhunika ahazenguruka umwuka

Viscometer

Viscomètre

Igikoresho gipima uburenduke

126

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

ROOTS AND TUBERS

Viscosity

Viscosité

Uburenduke

Vitamin

Vitamine

Washing

Lavage

Koza

Water loss

Perte d’eau

Gutakaza amazi

Water retention

Rétention de l’eau

Kugumana amazi

Wax coating

Enrobage de cire/ Enduir de cire

Gusigiriza umushashara

Wax treatment

Traitement à la cire

Gukoresha umushashara

Weed

Mauvaise herbe

Ibimera byona/Ibyatsi bidakenewe mu murima

Weed control

Contrôle des mauvaises herbes

Gukumira ibimera bidakenewe

Wet milling

Broyage par voie humide

Gusya habobereye

Wood

Bois

Igiti

Woven basket

Panier tissé

Agatebo

Yam

Igname

Igikoro

Yam flakes

Flocons d’igname

Ubwoko bw’ibiryo bitunganyijwe mu bikoro

Yam flour

Farine d’igname

Ifu y’ibikoro

Yellowish

Jaunâtre

Gisa n’umuhondo

Yield

Rendement

Umusaruro

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

127

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

ENGLISH

FRANÇAIS

KINYARWANDA

Abnormal Acid coagulation

Anormal

Acid flavour

Arome acide

Acidification

Kidasanzwe Kuvura bitewe n’ubusharire Impumuro iturutse ku busharire Gushaririza

Acidulant

Acidifiant

Igitera ubusharire

Additives

Additifs

Ibyongerwa mu biryo n’ibinyobwa (kubera impamvu zinyuranye)

Agglomeration

Agglomération

Agitator

Agitateur

Air bubble

Bulle d’air

Kwegerana Umutozo/Icyifashishwa mu kuvanga Akabumbe k’umwuka

Air incorporation

Incorporation d’air

Kongeramo umwuka

Alcohol test

Epreuve à l’alcool

Alkaline phosphatase

Phosphatase alkaline

Alpha-casein

Caséine de type alpha

Igipimo cy’ubusharire bw’amata hakoreshejwe alukoro Umusemburo ufasha kumenya niba amata yahiye neza (Iyo yahiye neza uyu musemburo ntawo uba ukirimo) Intungamubiri/Poroteyine iba mu mata

Alphalactalbumin

Lactalbumine de type alpha

Intungamubiri/Poroteyine iba mu mata

Alveolus

Alvéole

Uduhago tuvubura amata mu icebe ry’inka

Amyl alcohol

Alcool amylique

Alukoro yifashishwa mu gupima amavuta mu mata

Coagulation acide

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

128

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Anhydrous milk fat

Matière grasse anhydre du lait a

Amavuta yo mu mata (yamazwemo amazi)

Annatto

Intangabara/Akanoza ibara (Anato)

Antibacterial agent

Agent antibactérien

Ikirwanya imigera

Antibiotic residues

Résidus d’antibiotiques

Ibisigisigi bya antibiyotiki

Antibodies

Anticorps

Abasirikare b’umubiri

Antioxidant

Antioxydant

Kibuza kwangizwa n’umwuka wa ogusijene

Aseptic packaging

Conditionnement aseptique

Gupakirira ahantu hatari mikorobi iyo ariyo yose

Aseptic tank

Tanki ikozwe mu Réservoir aseptique buryo nta mikorobi zakwinjiramo

Atomisation

Kugabanyamo uduce duto cyane

Autoclave

Icyuma cyica mikorobi hakoreshejwe umwuka ushyushye

Autolysis

Autolyse

Kwishwanyagura kwa mikorobi cyangwa ingirabuzima fatizo (serire)

Autooxidation

Autooxydation

Bacteriocin

Bactériocine

Bacteriophage

Bactériophage

129

Kwiyangiza kw’ikintu bitewe n’umwuka wa ogusijene Ubumara buva muri bagitieri bwica izindi bagiteri Virusi yica bageteri Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Ubwoko bw’umugera/ Bagiteri Gukaraga ibisukika hagamijwe gukuramo imigera

Bacterium

Bactérie

Bactofugation

Batch pasteurization

Pasteurisation en lots

Gushyushya mu byiciro

Betalactoglobulin

Bêta-lactoglobuline

Ubwoko bwa poroteyine yo mu mata

Betta-casein

Betta-caséine

Ubwoko bwa poroteyine yo mu mata

Bifidobacteria

Bifidobactéries

Bioactive milk products

Produits laitiers bioactifs

Biofilm

Urubobi rukozwe na mikorobi

Biofouling

Encrassement biologique

Kwikusanya k’urubobi mu bitwara ibiryo

Biological oxygen demand

Demande biologique en oxygène

Bitter peptides

Peptides amers

Bitterness

Amertume

Uburure/Ubukarihe

Blood flow (stream)

Circulation saguin

Ingano y’amaraso atembera

Blood plasma

Plasma sanguin

Kimwe mu bigize amaraso

Blue cheese

Fromage bleu

Ubwoko bwa foromaji

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Zimwe muri mikorobi zifitiye akamaro ubuzima bwo mu nda Ibikomoka ku mata birimo mikorobi zifitiye akamaro ubuzima bwo mu nda

130

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Boiling point

Point d’ébullition

Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe ibisukika bibiriraho

Bovine milk

Lait bovin/Lait de vache

Amata y’inka

Bovine serum albumin

Albumine du sang de bovin

Ubwoko bwa poroteyine yo mu mata

Breed

Race

Ubwoko

Brine salting

Salaison au saumure

Gushyira umunyu mu kintu ukoresheje amazi arimo umunyu

Buffalo

Buffle

Imbogo

Buffer tank

Réservoir tampon

Igicuba ibisukika byo mu nganda biruhukiramo

Bulk density

Densité

Ireme bwite

Bulk milk collection Bulk starter tank

Collecte de lait en masse Cuve de ferments en masse

Gukusanyiriza hamwe amata

Butter

Beurre

Butter churn

Baratte à beurre

Butter fat

Graisse de beurre

Butter grains

Grains de beurre

Uduce tw’amavuta yo mu mata

Butter oil

Huile de beurre

Amavuta yo mu mata ku rugero rwa 95% byibura

Butter salting

Salaison de beurre

Gushyira umunyu mu mavuta yo mata atunganyijwe

131

Tanki y’imvuzo Amavuta y’inka atunganyije/Ikimuri Imashini ikaraga amata igatandukanya amavuta n’amazi Igipimo cy’amavuta mu mavuta atunganyijwe ava amata

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Butter working

Malaxage

Gutunganya amavuta yavuye mu mata

Buttermilk

Babeurre

Amacunda

Butyrometer

Butyrométre

Igikoreshwa mu gupima amavuta mu mata

Calibration

Calibrage

Kuregera

Calving

Vêlage

Kubyara kw’inka

Camembert cheese

Fromage camembert

Ubwoko bwa foromaji yitwa

Can sterilization

Stérilisation en conserve

Kwica mikorobi hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe mu dukopo tw’ibyuma

Cappa-casein

Caséine de type kappa

Ubwoko bwa poroteyine yo mu mata

Caseinates

Caséinates

Caseins

Caséines

Ubwoko bwa poroteyine yo mu mata Icyuma gitandukanya ibisukika (nk’amata n’amavuta yayo) hakurikijwe ireme bwite Ubwoko bwa foromage chedar

Centrifuge

Centrifugeuse

Cheddar

Cheddaring

Cheddarisation

Kimwe mu byiciro byihariye byo gukora formaji ya Cheddar

Cheese

Fromage

Foromaji

Cheese ageing

Affinage de fromage

Gutara foromaji

Toile à fromage

Umwenda wabugenewe wifashishwa mu kuyungurura amata

Cheese cloth

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

132

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Cheese eyes

Yeux de fromage

Amaso (udutoboro) agaragara kuri foromaji zimwe na zimwe bitewe n’ubwoko bwazo n’uko zakozwe

Cheese powder

Fromage en poudre

Foromaji yahinduwemo ifu

Cheese ripening/curing

Affinage de fromage

Gutara foromaji

Cheese vat

Cuve à fromage

Muvero yifashishwa mu gukora foromaji

Chemical dye

Colorant chimique

Intangabara

Chemical oxygen demand Chilling

Demande chimique en oxygène Refroidissement

Gukonjesha

Chlorinated water

Eau chlorée

Amazi yashyizwemo umuti wa kolore (amazi yatunganyijwe)

Chlorination

Chloration

Cholesterol

Cholestérol

Churning

Barattage

Gucunda

Chymosin

Chymosine

Umusemburo (umuti) wifashishwa mu gukora foromaji

Clarification

Gucayura

Clarifier

Purificateur/ Clarificateur

Icyuma gicayura

Clinical mastitis

Mammite clinique

Ifumbi y’amabere y’inka

133

Gushyira umuti wa kolore mu mazi (cyangwa mu kindi kintu) Cholesterol (Ubwoko bw’amavuta )

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Closed texture cheese

Fromage à pate fermée/Fromage à texture fermée

Clot-on-boiling test

Test de stabilité à l ébullition

clumping

Agglutination

Igipimo cyifashishwa mu kumenya niba amata atashaririye Kwikusanyiriza hamwe

clustering

Regroupement

Kwikusanyiriza hamwe

Coagulate/ coagulum

Lait caillé

Amata avuze

Coagulating enzymes

Enzymes de coagulation/ Enzymes coagulantes

Imisemburo (Imiti) yifashishwa mu kuvuza amata

Coalescence

Coconut milk

Lait de noix de coco

Coding

Codage

Colloidal solution

Solution colloïdale

Colostrum

Colouring agents

Agents de coloration/ Agents colorants

Commercial sterilization

Stérilisation commerciale

Composite sample

Echantillon composé

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bwa foromaji

Kwegerana kw’amavuta (yo mu mata) Amata ava mu mbuto za koko Gushyira code ku kiribwa runaka cyatunganyijwe

Umuhondo w’inka (amata y’inka ikibyara) Ibyifashishwa mu guha ibara ryifuzwa ibiribwa birimo gutunganywa Kwica utunyabuzima dushobora kubyangiza ibiribwa cyangwa ibinyobwa Urwitegererezo rukomatanye

134

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Condensed butter milk

Babeure condensé

Condensed whey

Petit lait condensé/ Lactosérum concentré

Contamination

Continuous butter making

Fabrication de beurre en continu

Continuous freezing

Congélation continue

Gukora amavuta y’inka (beurre) mu buryo butaretsa Gukonjesha mu buryo butaretsa

Continuous pasteurization

Pasteurisation en continue

Gushyshya mu buryo butaretsa

Cooked flavor

Goût ou saveur de cuit

Ibihumura nk’ibyashiririye

Cooking

Cuir

Guteka

Cooling tank

Cuve de refroidissement

Tanki yagenewe gukonjesha

Corn syrup

Sirop de maïs

Siro y’ibigori

Cotton wool

Ouate

Ipamba

Cow

Vache

Inka

Cowy flavor

Odeur de vache dans le lait

Umuhumurow’inka

Cream

Crème

Amavuta yakuwe mu mata/Urukoko

Cream separator

Ecrémeuse/ Séparateur de crème

Imashini ikura urukoko mu mata

Creaming

Ecrémage

Uburyo amavuta yo mu mata yitandukanya

135

Amacunda yagabanyijwemo amazi Amacunda aboneka nyuma yo gukora foromaji yagabanyijwemo amazi Guhumanya

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Akuma gapima igipimo cy’ ‘ubukonje z’aho amata ahindukira barafu

Cryoscope

Crystallization

Cristallisation

Curds

Lait caillé

Cutting

Découpage (du caillé)

Cyclone

Dairy effluents

Effluents de laiterie

Imyanda isukika iva mu nganda z’amata

Dairy farming

Elevage laitier

Ubworozi bw’inka zitanga amata

Dairy processing

Transformations des produits laitiers

Gutunganya ibikomoka ku mata

Dairy products

Produits laitiers

Ibikomoka ku mata

Dairy science

Science des produits laitiers

Ubumenyi bw’amata n’ibiyakomokaho

Dairy spreads

Produits laitiers à tartiner

Ibisigwa ku migati bikomoka ku mata

Dairy technology

Technologie des produits laitiers

Ikoranabuhanga mu gukora ibikomoka ku mata

De-aeration

Dégazage/ Evacuation de l’air

Gukuramo umwuka

De-aerator

Dégazeur/Purgeur

Icyifashishwa mu gukuramo umwuka/ Gikuramo umwuka

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Amata yavuze/Ikivuguto Gukata (amata yavuze yafatanye mu gihe cyo gukora foromaji) Icyuma gitandukanya ibintu hakurikijwe uburemere bwabyo

136

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Dehydration

Déshydratation

Gukuramo amazi/ Kumisha/Ubwumagare/ Kumagara

Delactosed milk

Lait sans lactose

Amata adafite lagitoze (isukari yo mu mata)

Demineralisation

Déminéralisation

Gukuramo imyunyu ngugu

Density

Densité

Ireme

Desalination

Dessalement

Gukura/Kugabanya umunyu mu kintu

Detergent

Détergent

Indwanyamyanda

Diafiltration

Ubwoko bw’iyungurura riyungurura ubugira kabiri

Digestion

Igogora

Dipper

Louche

Umudaho

Direct heating

Chauffage direct

Gushyushya Igihe igishyushya gikoranaho

Direct-to-vat inoculation

Inoculation directe en cuve

Uburyo bumwe bwo gushyira umuti mu mata kugirango avure

Dirt

Saleté

Disinfectant

Désinfectant

Disinfection

Désinfection

Uburyo bwo gusukura bwica mikorobi

Dispersion

Gutatanya (muri solisiyo runaka)

Double jacketed tank

Cuve/Réservoir à double paroi

Ubwoko bw’itanki yo mu ruganda

137

Umwanda Umuti wica mikorobi/ Umwicamikorobi

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Ubwoko bwa yawurute yoroshye ku buryo yanyobwa

Drinking yoghurt

Yaourt buvable (liquide)

Drug residues

Résidus de médicaments

Drum/roller drying

Sécheur à rouleaux

Dry salting

Salage/Salaison à sec

Drying chamber

Chambre de séchage

Drying off

Tarissement

Guteka kw’inka

Dump tank

Cuve de vidage/ Cuve de décharge

Tanki yabugenewe basukamo amata aje ku ikusanyirizo/ku ruganda

Dung

Bouse (de vache)

Amase (y’inka)

Dust

Poussière

Umukungugu

Egg

Oeuf

Igi

Egg yolk

Jaune d’oeuf

Umuhondo w’igi

Electrodialysis

Electrodialyse

Ibisigisigi by’imiti Igikoresho cyumutsa/ cyumisha cyabugenewe giteye nk’ingoma Uburyo bwo gushyiramo umunyu Icyumba/igice cy’imashini yabugenewe gikorerwamo kumutsa/ kumisha

Emulsification

Kuvanga amavuta neza mu bintu ubusanzwe bitivanga nayo

Emulsifier

Emulsifiant

Icyifashishwa mu gutuma amavuta yivanga neza mu bintu ubusanzwe bitivanga nayo

Emulsion

Igihe amavuta yivanze neza n’ibintu ubusanzwe bitivanga nayo

Emulsification

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

138

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Endosporeforming bacteria

bactérie endospore

Ubwoko bw’imigera bukora igihu cyo kwirinda mu gihe bibaye ngombwa

Enzyme

Umusemburo (imiti)

Evaporated skim milk

Lait écrémé évaporé

Evaporated whole milk

Lait entier évaporé

Evaporation

Evaporation under vacuum

Evaporation sous vide

Evaporator

Evaporateur

Excretion

Excrétion

Exopolysaccharides

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Expulsion

Kohereza/Gusuka hanze

Extended shelflife products

Produits à durée de vie étendue

Ibiribwa bikozwe mu buryo bimara igihe kinini bibitswe bitarangirika

Extrusion

Amata yakuwemo amavuta akanagabanywamo amazi Amata yagabanyijwemo amazi Kugabanya amazi hakoreshejwe kuyabiza Kugabanya amazi hakoreshejwe kuyabiza ahatari umwuka Icyuma kigabanya gihindura amazi umwuka/ Igicumbisha amazi Gusohora ibidakenewe mu mubiri

Falling film evaporator

Evaporateur à flot tombant

Ubwoko bw’icyuma cyifashishwa mu guhindura ibisukika mo umwuka

Fat agglomeration

Agglomération de la matière grasse

Kwegerana kw’amavuta (yo mu mata)

139

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Fat creamability

Crémage de la matière grasse

Fat crystals

Crystaux de matière grasse

Fat destabilization

Déstabilisation de la matière grasse

Fat globule

Globule gras

Membrane de globules gras Taille du globule Fat globule size gras Séparation de la Fat separation matière grasse

Kwitandukanya kw’amavuta (yo mu mata)

Utubumbe tw’amavuta (yo mu mata)

Fat globule membrane

Ingano y’akabumbe k’amavuta mu mata Kwitandukanya kw’amavuta (yo mu mata) Imashini ikura amavuta mu mata

Fat separator

Ecrémeuse

Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamines liposolubles

Vitamine ziba mu binure

Fatty acid melting point

Point de fusion d’acide gras

Ubushyuhe aside nyarugimbu ishongeraho

Fatty acids

Acides gras

Feed flavours

Saveurs d’aliments

Fermentation

Aside nyarugimbu Icyanga/umwuka w’ibiba byagaburiwe inka usanga mu mata Kuvura (kw’amata)

Filling

Remplissage

Kuzuza/gushyira ibiribwa byatunganyijwe mu macupa yabugenewe

Filtration

Kuyungurura

Flavour

Saveur

Icyanga

Flavoured yoghurt

Yaourt aromatisé

Yawurute yongewemo ibirungo biyihumuza bikanayiryoshya

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

140

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Flavouring

Assaisonnement/ Aromatisation

Kongeramo ibirungo/ ibiryoshya

Flocculation

Floculation

Kwegerana kw’amavuta (yo mu mata)

Floor drains

Conduits de drainage d’eau du sol

Fluidized bed

Lit fluidisé

Foam

Mousse

Food hazards

Risques

Food poisoning

Intoxication alimentaire

Food safety

Salbrité des alimentaire

Foot wear

Couvre-pied

Formalin

Formaline

Formulation

Fouling

Encrassement

Fractionation

Fractionnement

Free fatty acids

Acides gras libres

141

Imiyoboro itwara amazi (mu nzu batunganyirizamo ibiribwa) Imashini yumisha ikoresheje umwuka ushyushye uca mu byumishwa Ifuro Ibintu bishobora kuboneka mu biryo bikaba byagira ingaruka mbi ku buzima Guhumannya n’ibiribwa Ubuziranenge bw’ibiribwa Ibirinda ibirenge guhumanya ahantu/ Imfurebabirenge Guhuza ibirungo hakaboneka ibintu runaka Kwikusanya kw’ibisigazwa by’ibiryo k’’umashini ibitunganya Gucamo ibice Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Freeze concentration

Concentration par congélation Gukonjesha cyane hagamijwe gukuramo amazi yabaye urubura/ Kumisha aho amazi ava muri barafu akaba umwuka Gukonjesha kugeza amazi ahindutse urubura (barafu)

Freeze-drying

Lyophilisation

Freezing

Congélation

Freezing point

Point de congélation

Igipimo cy’ubukonje amazi ahindukiraho urubura (barafu)

Freezing point depression

Dépression (diminution) du point de congélation

Igabanuka ry’igipimo cy’ubukonje amazi ahindukiraho urubura (barafu)

Fresh milk products

Produits laitiers frais

Ibikomoka ku mata bikiri bigikorwa

Frozen yoghurt

Yaourt surgelé/ Yaourt congélé

Yawurute yakonjeshejwe igahinduka barafu

Functional dairy products

Produits laitiers fonctionnels

Ibikomoka ku mata bigirira neza ubuzima

Functional foods

Aliments fonctionnels

Ibiribwa bigirira neza ubuzima mu nda

Fungi

Mycètes/ Champignons

Uruhumbu/Uduhumyo

Gas flushing

Rinçage de gaz

Guhuhera

Gastrointestinal health

Santé gastrointestinale

Ubuzima bwo mu nda

Gel

Igikoma gifashe cyane

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

142

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Gelatin

Gélatine

Ubwoko bwa proteyine

Gelation

Gélation

Igihe ibiribwa runaka bihindutse nk’igikoma gifashe

Gerber fat test

Mesure de graisse par méthode Gerber

Gupima amafuta mu mata

Gerber tube

Tube de Gerber

Igikoresho cyifashishwa mu gupima amavuta mu mata

Gestation period

Période de gestation

Igihe cyo guhaka

Ghee

Ghee/Type de beurre

Ikimuri

Goat

Chèvre

Ihene

Goat cheese

Fromage de chèvre

Foromaji ikozwe mu mahenehene

Goat milk

Lait de chèvre

Amahenehene (amata y’ihene)

Gouda cheese

Fromage Gouda

Ubwoko bwa fromage ya Gouda

Hand milking

Traite manuelle

Gukama hakoreshejwe intoki

Hard cheese

Fromage à pâte dure

Ubwoko bwa foromaji ikomeye

Hardened ice cream

Crême glacée durcie

Ubwoko bwa barafu y’amata (ice cream)

Hardening

Durcissement

Gukomeza/Gufatisha/ Gutuma bikomera

Heat plate exchanger

Echangeur de chaleur à plaques

Ubwoko bw’imashini iteka amata

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Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Heterofermentation

Bumwe mu buryo bwo kuvuza/gusembura

Holding tank

Réservoir d’attente

Ubwoko bwa tanki

Holding time

Temps d’attente

Igihe cyo gutegereza

Holding tube

Tube d’attente

Igikoresho cyo kuvuza/ gusembura

Homofermentation

Kuvura kw’amata gutanga aside ituma amata avura

Homogenization

Homogénéisation

Homogenizer

Homogénisateur

Hooping

Mise en forme

Hormone Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogenation

Hormone Peroxyde d’hydrogène Hydrogénation

Ice cream

Crème glacée

Ice cream maker

Machine à crème glacée

Ice crystals

Cristaux de glace

Ice milk

Lait glacé

Amata arimo cyangwa yahinduwemo barafu

Immersion cooling

Refroidissement par immersion

Gukonjesha hakoreshejwe kudubika/kwinika mu mazi akonje

Impurities

Impuretés

Imyanda

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Uburyo bwo kuvanga ibintu kuburyo bitivangura Imashini ivanga kuburyo ibintu kuburyo bitivangura Guha isura runaka ikiribwa kirimo gukorwa Imisemburo yo mu mubiri

Imashini ikora Ice cream

144

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Guteka ibiribwa biri mu macupa kugirango mikorobi zose zipfe Gukonjesha ibiribwa (nk’amata) bikiri mu bicuba byabyo)

In-bottle sterilization

Stérilisation en bouteille

In-can cooling

Refroidissement en bouteille

Incubation

Gutereka

Incubator

Incubateur

Icyuma cyabugenewe cyifashishwa mu gutereka

Indirect heating Chauffage indirect

Gushyushya ikintu kidakoranaho n’icyuma gishyushya

Infant formula

Formule infantile/ Préparations pour nourrissons

Infusion

Ingredient

Ingrédient

Inhibition

Inoculation

Inoculum

Intestinal flora

Flore intestinale

Mikorobi zibera mu mara

Iodine value

Indice d’iode

Igipimo cya iyode

Isoelectric point

Point isoélectrique

Kefir

Kéfir

Ubwoko bw’amata avuze bwitwa Kefiri

Lactation cycle

Cycle de lactation

Ingarukagihe y’ikamwa ry’inka

145

Ibiryo byihariye by’abana bato bikomoka ku mata Kwinjizamo Ibigize ikintu/Ibikoresho mu gutunga ikiribwa Kubuza) Gushyira umuti mu mata kugirango avure/ Ukwinjiza (bagiteri, mikorobi) Umuti/Umusemburo washyizwe mu mata ngo avure

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Lactation period

Période de lactation

Igihe imara inka ifite umukamo

Lactic acid

Acide lactique

Aside mvamata

Lactic acid bacteria

Bactéries lactiques

Ubwoko bwa bagiteri

Lactic acid fermentation

Fermentation lactique

Bumwe mu buryo bwo kuvuza/gusembura

Lactoferrin

Lactoferrine

Ubwoko bwa poroteyine yo mu mata

Lactoglobulin

Lactoglobuline

Lactometer

Lactomètre

Lactoscan

Lactose

Lactose crystallization

Cristallisation de lactose

Lactose free milk

Lait sans lactose

Amata adafite lagitoze

Lactose intolerance

Intolérance au lactose

Kuba umubiri utihanganira lagitoze

Lactose metabolism

Métabolisme de lactose

Gukoreshwa n’umubiri kwa lagitoze

Lipase

Ubwoko bw’umusemburo bucagagura ibinure

Lipolysis

Lipolyse

Liquid state

Etat liquide

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bwa poroteyine yo mu mata Igikoresho cyifashishwa mu gupima ireme ry’amata Igikoresho cyifashishwa mu gupima ibintu bitandukanye mu mata Ubwoko bw’isukari

Ugusukika

146

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Low fat milk

Lait à faible teneur en matière grasse

Lumen

Lyophilization

Lyophilisation

Kumisha aho amazi ava muri barafu akaba umuka

Lysis

Lyse

Gucikagurika/ Gushwanyuka (mikorobi)

Mammary gland

Glande mammaire

Imvubura z’amata

Manual milking

Traite manuelle

Gukamisha intoki

Mastitis

Mammite

Maximum residue limit

Limite maximum de résidus

Mechanized milking

Traite mécanisée

Gukama hakoreshejwe imashini yabugenewe

Melting

Fonte/Fondre

Gushongesha

Membrane processing

Traitement par la technologie de membrane

Mesophilic bacterium

Bactérie mésophile

Bagiteri ukura ku bushyushe buringaniye

Mesophilic starters

Ferments mésophiles

Imvuzo z’amata zikura ku bushyuhe buringaniye

Methylene blue

Bleu de méthylène

Methylene blue reduction test

Test de réduction avec du bleu de méthylène

Ubwoko bw’igipimo kigaragaza ubwandure bw’amata

Microbial activity

Activité microbienne

Kuba mikorobi zikura, zororoka

147

Amata yagabanyijwemo amavuta

Ifumbi (Indwara ifata cebe ry’inka) Ikigero ntarengwa cy’ibisigisigi by’imiti (mu biribwa)

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Microbial generation time

Temps de génération microbienne

Igihe mikorobi zimara kugirango zororoke

Microbial hazard

Risque/Danger microbien

Ingaruka ku buzima ziterwa na mikorobi

Microbiological Stérilité sterility microbiologique

Kuba nta mikorobi zisigaye mu kiribwa runaka Iyungurura rikuramo utuntu duto cyane

Microfiltration

Microorganism

Micro-organisme

Akanyabuzima/Umugera

Milk

Lait

Amata

Milk adulteration

Adultération du lait

Guhindura imimerere y’amata

Milk boiling point

Point d’ébullition du lait

Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe amata abiriraho

Milk burning

Brulure/ Combustion de lait

Gushirira kw’amata

Milk can

Bidon de lait

Igicuba cy’amata

Milk chemistry

Chimie du lait

Ubutabire bw’amata

Milk clots

Caillots de lait

Uduce tw’amata yavuze

Milk clotting

Coagulation de lait

Milk coagulant

Coagulant de lait

Kuvura kw’amata Imiti (imisemburo) ituma amata avura

Milk collection center

Centre de collecte du lait

Ikusanyirizo ry’amata

Milk components

Composants du lait

Ibigize amata

Milk cooling

Refroidissement du lait

Gukonjesha amata

Milk density

Densité de lait

Ireme ry’amata

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

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MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Utuyira (mu icebe ry’inka) amata anyuramo

Milk duct

Conduit de lait

Milk fortification

Fortification de lait

Milk grading

Classification de lait

Milk handling

Manipulation/ Manutention de lait

Milk organoleptic properties

Propriétés organoleptiques du lait

Milk particles

Particules de lait

Milk plasma

Plasma de lait

Milk powder

Lait en poudre

Milk powder dispersibility

Dispersibilité du lait en poudre

Milk powder wettability

Mouillabilité du lait en poudre

Milk science

Science du lait

Kuvangika kw’amata y’ifu Kuvangika n’a mazi/ ubuhehere kw’amata y’ifu Ubumenyi bw’amata

Milk secretion

Sécrétion de lait

Ivuburwa ry’amata

Kongera intungamubiri (vitamine n’ibindi) mu mata Gucagura amata hakurikijwe ubwiza bwayo Gukama, gutwara, kubika, gutereka.....amata Imitere y’amata twumvisha cyangwa se tukabonesha n’amaso, amazuru n’ururimi byacu Utubumba duto two mu mata Ibisigara iyo amata yakuwemo amavuta Amata y’ifu

Milk separation Séparation du lait

Gucika kw’amata

Milk serum

Amacunda

Milk storage

Lacto-sérum Détérioration du lait Stockage du lait

Milk structure

Structure du lait

Uko amata akoze/ateye

Milk spoilage

149

Kwangirika kw’amata Kubika amata

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Milk synthesis

Synthèse du lait

Ikorwa ry’amata (mu icebe/mu ibere)

Milk tank

Cuve/Réservoir de lait

Tanki y’amata

Milk tanker

Camion-citerne du lait

Imodoka nini yabugenewe ifite ikigega gitwara amata

Milk technology

Technologie du lait

Ikoranabuhanga mu mata

Milk total solids

Solides totaux de lait

Ibifatika biba mu mata byose

Milk weighing

Pesage du lait

Ipimwa ry’amata

Milk yield

Rendement de lait

Umukamo w’amata

Milker

Trayeur

Umukamyi

Milking

Traite

Ikama/Gukama

Milking equipment

Equipement de traite

Ibikoresho byifashishwa mu gukama (icyansi, inkongoro)

Milking machine

Machine à traire/ Trayeuse

Imashini ikama

Milk-stones

Pierres de lait

Utubuye (imyunyu) two mu mata ku byuma

Milling

Mouture

Gusya

Minerals

Minéraux

Umunyu ngugu

Mold ripened cheese

Fromage affiné par moisissures

Foromaji itarwa hongerwamo uruhumbu

Monounsaturated fatty acid

Acide gras monoinsaturé

Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu ziba mu mavuta

Mother culture

Culture-mère

Imvuzo

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MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Moulding

Mise en forme/ Moulage

Guha isura runaka ikiribwa kirimo gukorwa

Mozzarella cheese

Fromage mozzarella

Foromaji ya mozarela

Multiple effect evaporator

Vaporisateur à multiple effets

Ubwoko bw’icyuma kigabanya amazi hakoreshejwe kuyabiza

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Umwe mu migera itera indwara y’igituntu

Non starter lactic acid bacteria

Bactéries lactiques autres que les ferments

Occluded air content

Contenu d’air occlu

Off-flavour

Mauvais goût

Oil-in-water emulsion Osmotic pressure

Emulsion d’huile en eau

Overun

Envahi

Kubyimba/Kwiyongera mu bunini mu ikorwa ry’ikiribwa runaka

Oxidation

Oxydation

Ugutwikwa na ogusijeni

Oxidized flavours

Saveurs oxydées

Impumuro z’ibiribwa bifite ahatwitswe na ogusijeni

Oxytocin

Oxytocine

Imvubura yo mu nka ituma amata aza mu icebe

Packaging

Conditionnement

Gutunganya no gupakira

151

Imigera isangwa mu mata itandukanye n’ishyirwamo kugirango amata avure Ikigero cy’umwuka wakagiye ahari ibintu bikomeye mu ijagi cyangwa mu kigega Guhumura nabi kw’ikiribwa runaka

Pression osmotique

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Packaging materials

Matériau d’emballage

Ibikoresho byo gupakira

Paracasein

Paracaséine

Ubwoko bwa poroteyine iba mu mata

Partial coalescence

Coalescence partielle

Particle size

Dimension des particules

Parturition

Kubyara/Ibyara ry’inka

Pasteurization

Pasteurisation

Gushyushya hagamijwe kwica udukoko na mikorobi

Lait pasteurisé

Amata atetse

Micro-organismes pathogènes

Utunyabuzima (imigera) dutera indwara

Periodic sampling

Prélèvement périodique

Gufata urwitegererezo mu buryo ngaruka

Perishability

Altérabilité/ Périssabilité

Kwangirika (kw’ikiribwa runaka)

Perishable

Périssable

Cyangirika

Permeate

Permeat

Ibishobora gutambuka mu gihe cy’iyungurura

Pesticide

Umuti wica udukoko

Petri dish

Boîte de Pétri

Phenolphtalein

Phenolphtaleine

pH-meter

pH-mètre

Pasteurized milk Pathogenic microorganisms

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ifatana (urugero: ry’utubumbe tw’amavuta yo mu mata) rituzuye Ingano y’utubumbe tw’ibintu bitandukanye bigize amata

Igipimo cy’ubukare Igikoresho gipima ubukare

152

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Phosphatase test

Epreuve à la phosphatase

Phospholipids

Phospholipides

Plain yoghurt

Yaourt simple

Yawurute itongewemo ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose

Plant milk

Lait d’origine végétale

Amata ava mu bihingwa

Plasmin

Plasmine

Plate heat exchanger

Echange de chaleur à plaques

Plungers

Ventouse/Piston

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

Acide gras polyinsaturé

Powder agglomeration

Agglomération de poudre

Powder instantanization

Instantanisation de poudre

Powder lecithinization

Lecithinisation de poudre

Preheating

Préchauffage

Gushyushya bwa mbere

Preservatives

Conservants

Ibyongerwa mu biryo bigafasha kubikwa igihe kirekire/Gifata neza/ Kibungabunga

Pressing

Pressage

Ikamura

Pressure Primary cultures

Pression

Ingufu

Cultures primaires

Imvuzo z’ibanze

153

Gupima phosphatase mu mata

Ubwoko bw’icyuma gishyushya amata Ibyifashishwa mu kuvanga (amata) Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu iba mu mavuta Iyegerana ry’ifu y’amata Gutunganya ifu y’amata ku buryo yivanga n’amazi byihuse Kongera lesitine mu ifu y’amata ku buryo amata azivanga n’amazi byihuse

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Imigera iba mu biribwa igira ingaruka nziza ku buzima Igishushanyo kigaragaza itunganya ry’ikiribwa runaka mu nganda

Probiotic bacteria

Bactéries probiotiques

Processing flowchart

Diagramme de transformation

Protein concentrate

Concentré protéique

Poroteyine idafunguye

Protein denaturation

Dénaturation de protéine

Kwangirika kwa za poroteyine Gucagarika kwa za poroteyine/Gucagagura poroteyine Ubwoko bwa mikorobi iba ahari ubushyuhe bwo hasi Impumuro y’ikiribwa runaka cyifitemo amavuta yangiritse

Proteolysis

Protéolyse

Psychrotroph

Psychrotrophe

Rancid flavour

Saveur rancide

Rancidity

Rancidité lipolytique

Kwangirika kw’amavuta

Rancidity

Rancidité

Kwangirika kw’amavuta

Random sampling

Echantillonage aléatoire

Gufata urwitegererezo nta kintu ugendeyeho

Raw milk

Lait cru

Amata adatetse

Recombinant chymosin

Chymosine recombiné

Recombination

Recombinaison

Recombined milk

Lait recombiné

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bw’umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvuza amata Kuvanga ibintu bigakora ikintu kimwe Amata akorwa havanzwe bimwe mu biyagize bitandukanye

154

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Reconstituted milk

Lait reconstitué

Amata akorwa havanzwe ibiyagize bitandukanye

Rennet

Présure

Imvuzo yifashishwa mu gukora foromaji

Rennet coagulated fresh cheese

Fromage frais coagulé par la présure

Renneting

Emprésurage

Representative sample

Échantillon représentatif

Resazurin

Resazurine

Resazurin tablet

Comprimé de resazurine

Resazurin test

Epreuve à la resazurine

Retentate

Retentat

Reverse osmosis Rice milk

Foromaji yabonetse hakoreshejwe imvuzo ya foromaji Gushyira imvuzo ya foromaji mu mata igihe bakora foromaji Urwitegererezo Umuti wifashishwa mu gupima ubwandure bw’amata Ikinini cy’umuti wifashishwa mu gupima ubwandure bw’amata Gupima ubwandure bw’amata hakoreshejwe umuti wa resazirine Ibisigara hejuru mu gihe cy’iyungurura

Osmose inverse

Uburyo bw’iyungurura

Lait de riz

Amata ava mu muceri

Rind

Croûte

Urukoko

Ripening agents

Agents de maturation

Ibifasha mu gutara foromaji

Ripening enzymes

Enzymes de maturation

Imisemburo ifasha mu gutara

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MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Rising film evaporator

Evaporateur à film montant

Ubwoko bw’ igikoresho gihundura igisukikamo umwuka kigabanya amazi hakoreshejwe kuyabiza

Round-eyed cheese

Fromage aux yeux ronds

Ubwoko bwa foromaji

Rubber

Caoutchouc

Kawucu

Safety precautions

Mesures de sécurité Ingamba zumwiteguro

Sample container

Récipient pour échantillons

Igikoresho cyakira urwitegererezo

Sample labelling

Etiquetage de l’échantillon

Gushyira ku rwitegererezo inyandiko ziruranga

Sample preservation

Conservation de l’échantillon

Kubika urwitegererezo ku buryo rutangirika

Sandiness

Etat sableux

Kumera nk’umucanga

Sanitization

Assainissement/ Hygiène

Isukura rigabanya cyane mikorobi/Ugusukura/ Isuku

Saturated fatty acid

Acide gras saturé

Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu

Saturation

Kuzurirana/Gusendereza

Scalding

Echaudage

Gushyushya

Scraped surface heat exchanger

Echangeur de chaleur à surface grattée Epreuve de selection

Screening test Secondary cultures

Cultures secondaires

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bw’imashini zishyushya amata Ipima rigamije gutoranye Imvuzo zunganira 156

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Secretory cell

Cellule sécrétrice

Inyangingo fatizo ivubura

Seeding

Ensemencement

Gutera

Semi-firm gel Semi-hard cheese Separation

Gel semi-ferme Fromage à pâte demi-dur Séparation

Ibisa n’igikoma gifashe

Set yoghurt

Yaourt non-brassé

Yawurute itavanzwe/ itacugushijwe

Sewage

Eaux usées

Amazi y’umwanda/ yakoreshejwe

Sheep

Mouton

Intama

Shelf-life

Durée de vie

Igihe ikiribwa runaka kimara kitarangirika/ kikemerewe kuribwa

Shell and tube heat exchanger

Echangeur de chaleur à coquille et tube

Ubwoko bw’imashini zishyushya amata

Sherbet

Sorbet

Short fatty acids

Acides gras courts

Single effect evaporator

Evaporateur à simple effet

Skim milk

Lait écrémé

Skim milk powder

Poudre de lait écrémé

Ifu ikozwe mu mata yakuwemo amavuta

Skimming Sodium hydroxide

Ecrémage Hydroxyde de sodium

Gukura amavuta mu mata

157

Ubwoko bwa foromaji Itandukanya

Sherbeti/Ubwoko bwa barafu iribwa Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu Ubwoko bw’igikoresho buhindura igisukika mo umwuka Amata yakuwemo amavuta/ Amacunda/ Amakaragano

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Soft ice cream Soft-ripened cheese Solid impurities

Crême glacée molle/légère Fromage affiné à pate molle

Ubwoko bwa foromaji

Impuretés solides

Imyanda ifatika

Solubility

Solubilité

Gushonga kw’ikintu mu gisukika

Somatic cell

Cellule somatique

Ubwoko bw’inyangingo fatizo

Sour cream

Crème fermenté

Amavuta yo mu mata avuze

Sour milk

Lait fermenté

Amata avuze (ikivuguto)

Soy milk

Lait de soja

Amata ya soya

Spoilage microorganisms

Micro-organismes de détérioration

Mikorobi zangiza/ Utunyabuzima twangiza

Spores

Spray drying

Séchage par atomization/ pulverisation

Uburyo bwo kumutsa amata hakorwa amata y’ifu

Spreadability

Tartinabilité

Gushobora gusigwa ku mugati

Stabilization

Stabilisation

Uburyo bwo guha ikintu gutuza

Stabilizers

Stabilisants

Ibituma ikintu gituza

Standard plate count

Plaque/Lamelle d’énumération stardardisé

Uburyo bwo kubara imigera

Standardization Starter cultures

Standardisation Cultures de ferments

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Imvuzo

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MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Steam injection

Injection de vapeur

Gushyiramo umwuka w’amazi

Sterilization

Stérilisation

Guteka/Gushyushya hagamijwe kwica imigera yose

Sterilized milk

Lait stérilisé

Amata yatetswe ku buryo mikorobi zose zapfuye

Stirred yoghurt

Yaourt brassé

Yawurute ivanze/ icugushije

Stirring

Brassage/Agitation

Kuvanga/Gucugusa

Stretched curd cheeses

Formages à caillés étirés

Ubwoko bwa foromaji

Stretching

Etirage

Gukwedura (igihe bakora foromaji)

Sub-clinical mastitis

Mammite subclinique

Ubwoko bw’Ifumbi

Sweetened milk

Lait sucré

Amata yongewemo isukari

Sweeteners

Edulcorants

Ibyongera icyanga cy’isukari mu mata

Syneresis

Synérèse

Gusohoka kw’amazi mu mata yavuze

Tank

Réservoir/cuve

Ikigega (itanki)

Teat

Trayon

Imoko

Test tube

Tube à essai

Texture

Imimerere y’ikintu gifatika

Thermalization

Thermalisation

Guteka (amata) byoroheje

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Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Thermoduric bacteria

Bactéries thermoduriques

Imigera itinda kwicwa n’ubushyuhe

Thermometer

Thermomètre

Igikoresho gipima urugero rw’ubushyuhe

Thermophilic bacteria

Bactéries thermophiles

Imigera ikura mu bushyushe bwo hejuru

Thermophilic starters

Ferments thermophiles

Imvuzo zikora mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru

Thermoresistance

Thermorésistance

Kwihanganira ubushyuhe

Titrable acidity

Acidité titrable

Titration

Uburyo bwo gupima

Toxin

Toxine

Ubumara

Traceability

Traçabilité

Uburyo ikintu cyashobora gukurikirana

Triglycerides

Triglycérides

Ubwoko bw’amavuta

Tubular heat exchanger

Echangeur de chaleur tubulaire

Ubwoko bw’imashini ziteka amata

U.V sterilization

Stérilisation par UV (Ultra-violet)

Udder

Mamelle Quartier de mamelle

Udder quarter

Kwica mikorobi zo mu biribwa runaka hakoreshejwe imirasire y’izuba Icebe Igice cy’icebe

Ultrafiltration

Iyungurura rikuramo utuntu duto cyane

Unsaturated fatty acid

Acide gras insaturé

Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

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MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Vacuum packaging

Emballage sous vide

Gupakirira ahantu hatari umwuka

Virus

Virusi

Viscosity

Viscosité

Uburenduke

Vitamin

Vitamine

Washing

Lavage

Water bath

Bain-Marie

Water drainage

Drainage d’eau

Koza Igikoresho gishyushya amazi Gukuraho/Kumutsa amazi y’umwanda

Water-in-oil emulsion

Emulsion d’eaudans-huile

Waxing

Cirer

Whey

Petit lait/ Lactosérum

Whole milk

Lait entier

Amata atatunganijwe ngo hagire ikivamo

Yeast

Levure

Umusemburo

Yoghurt

Yaourt

Yawurute

161

Gusigiriza ukoresheje imishashara Amazi asigara nyuma yo gukora foromaji

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

WINE

ENGLISH

FRANÇAIS

Acetaldehyde

Acétaldéhyde

Acetic acid

Acide acétique

Acetification

Acétification

Acetobacter

Acétobacter

Bagiteri itanga

Acid content

Teneur en acide

Urugero rw’ubusharire

Acid index

Index d’acide Putréfaction acide

Acid rot Acidification

Acidification

Acidity

Acidité

Aeration

Aération

Aeration level Aerobic degradation Aerobic fermentation Aerobic respiration Aflatoxin

Niveau d’aération Dégradation aérobie

KINYARWANDA

Gupfa kubera aside Kongera Ubusharire/ Gushaririza Ubusharire Gutanga umwuka/Ugutanga amafu Urugero rw’umwuka watanzwe Gushwanyagurika hari umwuka Gutara/Gusembura hari umwuka

Aging parameters

Fermentation aérobie Respiration aérobie Aflatoxine Vin âgé/Vin élevé Baril de vieillissement du vin Paramètres de vieillissement

Alcohol

Alcool

Alukoro

Alcohol by volume

Alcool par volume

Alukoro ipimwe mu ngero z’ubunini

Aged wine Aging barrel

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Guhumeka hari mwuka Ubumara buva mu mugera Divayi ishaje/Divayi ikuze Ingunguru zabugenewe divayi ikuriramo Ibiranga gukura

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Alcohol content

Teneur en alcool

Urugero rwa alukoro

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Alcool Déshydrogénase

Ubwoko bw’umusemburo

Alcoholic beverages Alcoholmeter

Boissons alcooliques (alcoolisées) Alcoomètre/ Ethylomètre

Inzoga/Ibinyobwa bisindisha Icyuma gipima urugero rwa alukoro

Altar wine

Vin de messe

Divayi ikoreshwa mu misa

Amino acid

Acide aminé

Kimwe mu bice byubatse poroteyine

Ammonium salt Amphora

Sel d’ammonium Umunyu wa amoniyumu Amphore

Ingunguru

Anabolism

Anabolisme

Anaerobic degradation

Dégradation anaérobie

Gushwanyagurika bitewe ko nta mwuka uhari

Anaerobic fermentatioin

Fermentatioin anaérobie

Gutara nta mwuka uhari

Anaerobic respiration

Respiration anaérobie

Guhumeka nta mwuka uhari

Anaerobiosis

Anaérobiose

Nta mwuka uhari

Anthocyanin

Anthocyanine

Irangabara ry’ibimera ry’ubururu umutuku cyangwa icyatsi

Antibacterial

Antibactérien

Ikibuza umugera gukura

Antibiotic

Antibiotique

Antibiyotiki/ Umurwanyamikorobi

Antifungal

Antifongique

Ikirwanya uruhumbu

Anti-microbial

Antimicrobien

Ikirwanya mikorobi

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WINE

Kibuza kwangizwa n’umwuka wa ogusijene

Antioxidant

Antioxydant

Antiseptic

Antiseptique

Aperitif

Apéritif

Apple brandy

Cognac à base de pome

Ubwoko bwa Divayi iva muri pome

Apple wine

Vin de pomme

Divayi iva muri pome

Aroma

Arôme

Impumuro

Aromatized wine

Vin aromatisé

Divayi yashyizwemo ibituma ihumura

Artificial overripening

Surmaturation artificielle

Kurenguka kwa divayi byakozwe n’umuntu

Aspergillus

Ubwoko bw’umugera

Assemblage

Gushyira/Guteranyiriza hamwe

Astrigency

Astringence

Gikarishye/Gikarase

Atmospheric pressure

Pression atmosphérique

Autolysis

Autolyse

Autovinification

Back-blend Balling Banana wine

Ajout du jus dans le vin Mesure de sucre dans une solution sucree Vin de banane

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Kibuza umugera kugera ku mubiri/Ikizitira mikorobi/ Ikibuza kubora Inzoga inyobwa mbere yo kurya

Kwishwanyagura kwa mikorobi cyangwa ingirabuzima fatizo (serire) Guhinduka divayi k’umutobe nta misemburo yonjyewemo Kongera umutobe muri divayi Uburyo bwo gupima isukari mu bisukika biryohereye Divayi ivuye mu bitoki 164

WINE

Barrel

Baril

Ingunguru

Barrel

Baril

Ingunguru

Batch distillation

Distillation intermittente (en lots)

Beeswing

Benzoic acid

Acide benzoïque

Biotin

Biotine

Bitterness

Amertume

Ubusharire/Uburure

Blended wine

mélange de vins

Divayi zivanze

Blending

Mélanger

Kuvanga

Blush wine

Vin Rose

Divayi iva mu mizabibu itukura

Body

Avoir du corps (Consistence)

Ubufate bwa divayi

Vin botrytisé

Divayi iri mu macupa

Bouteille

Icupa

Bottle aging

Maturation en bouteille

Gukura kw’inzoga iri mu icupa

Bottled wine

Vin en bouteille

Divayi iri mu macupa

Botrytized wine Bottle

Bottler with check valve Bottling Bottling line

Embouteilleur avec le clapet anti-retour Mise en bouteilles Ligne d’embouteillage

Itende rya divayi

Ubwoko bw’icyuma gishyira divayi mu macupa Gushyira mu macupa Uruhererekane rwo gushyira inzoga mu macupa

Bottling techniques

Techniques de mise en bouteilles

Uburyo bwo gushyira mu macupa

Box wine

Vin en boîte

Divayi yo mu gikarito

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Brandy

Eau-de-vie fine/ Cognac/ Brandy

Ubwoko bwa divayi

Brettanomyces

Ubwoko bw’umugera

Brew barrels Brew bucket Brewing tanks

Barils de brassage Seau de brassage Réservoirs/ Cuves de brassage

Ingunguru zo kwengeramo Indobo zo kwengeramo Ubwoko bw’Ingunguru zo kwengeramo

Brix

Igipimo cy’isukari mu bisukika

Browning

Brunissement

Gituma ikiribwa/ikinyobwa gisa n’ikigina

Browning reactions

Réactions de brunissement

Brut wine

Vin Brut

Divayi y’umwimerere, ntakintu cyongewe mu mutobe

Burnt wine (Brandy)

Maturation en masse Vin brûlé (eaude-vie fine)

Campden tablets

Comprimés de Campden

Cane

Canne

Igisheke

Cap

Bouchon

Umufuniko/Umupfundikizo

Caramel

Isukari ikaranze

Carbon dioxide

Dioxide de carbone

Carbonation

Bulk aging

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Uburyo bwo Gukura Ubwoko bwa divayi

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Carbonic maceration

Macération carbonique

Cask

Tonneau/Fût

Catabolism

Catabolisme

Catechin

Catéchine

Cellaring (wine aging)

Mise en cave (maturation de vin)

Uburyo bwo gutara divayi

Centrifugal filtration

Filtration par centrifugation

Kuyungurura ikintu ukaraga

Centrifuge

Centrifugeuse

Icyuma gitandukanya ibisukika kibikaraga

Ceramic filtration

Filtration en céramique

Bumwe mu buryo bwo kuyungurura

Champagne

Ubwoko bwa divayi/ Shampanye

Ubwoko bw’ingunguru

Chemical stability

Chaptalisation/ Amélioration du moût par ajout de carbonate de calcium Stabilité chimique

Chiller

Réfrigérateur

Igikonjesha

Chlorine bleached corks

Bouchons blanchis au chlore

Imifuniko yasukuwe na kolore

Chronomètre

Imbaragihe

Clarification

Gucayura

Agent de clarification

Igituma ikintu gicayuka

Chaptalization

Chronometer/ timer Clarification Clarifying agent 167

Kongera isukari mu mutobe w’umuzabibu hagamijwe kongera urugero rwa alukoro muri divayi Ugutuza kw’ubutabire bw’ikintu

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

WINE

Cloudiness

Opacité/ Turbidité

Kuba kidacayutse

Coding

Codage

Kwandika kodi ku kintu

Cognac

Ubwoko bwa divayi

Cold maceration

Eau-de-vie fine de cognac/ Cognac Macération à froid

Cold pressing

Pression à froid

Gukamura hakonje Uburyo bwo kwinika imbuto z’imizabibu

Cold stabilization

Trempage à froid Stabilisation à froid

Colloids

Colloïdes

Ibireka mu bisukika

Color stabilization

Stabilisation de couleur

Gukura ibintu bireka muri divayi bituma itagira ibara ryiza

Color wine

Couleur du vin

Ibara rya divayi

Concentrated grape must

Moût de raisins concentré

Umutobe w’imizabibu udafunguye

Concentrators

Concentrateurs

Ibifatisha ibisukika

Congeners

Congénères

Ibiri muri divayi bitari alukoro

Controlled temperature pressing

Pressage à température contrôlée

Gukamura ku rugero rw’ubushyuhe rugenwe

Conveyor belt

Courroie transporteuse

Igikoresho kifashishwa mu gutwara ibintu mu ruganda

Cooling

Refroidissement

Gukonjesha

Cork borer

Perce bouchon/ Tire-bouchon

Icyuma gitobora umufuniko w’icupa rya divayi

Cognac brandy

Cold soaking

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bwa divayi/ Konyaki Uburyo bwo gutara umutobe

Uburyo bwo gukenekesha

168

WINE

Cork leakage Cork oak Cork stopper Cork taint Corking device Corky offodour Crossflow filtration

Fuite au bouchon Bouchon en chêne Bouchon de liege Goût de bouchon Dispositif de bouchage Mauvaise odeur des bouchons Filtration à flux transversal (croisé)

Crude

Brut

Crusher/ Destemmers

Broyeur/ Concasseur ConcasseurEgrappoir/ Broyeurstemmer

Crusherstemmer

Kuva k’umufuniko w’icupa rya divayi Ubwoko bw’umufuniko umufuniko Umwanda ku mufuniko w’icupa rya divayi Icyuma kirumya umufuniko ku icupa rya divayi Impumuro mbi ituruka ku mifuniko ya divayi Bumwe bwo buryo bwo kuyungurura Ikintu Kidatunganyi Gisya Gisya gikuramo ibiti by’imizabibu

Crushing

Broyage

Gusya

Cuvee

Cuvée

Ingunguru cyangwa isafuriya nini

Deacidification

Désacidification

Gukuramo ubusharire

Decantation

Décantation

Gukeneka

Decanter

Décanteur

Icyuma gukeneka ibisukika

Decoloration

Décoloration

Gukuramo ibara

Defoamer

Anti-mousse

Ikibuza urufuro

Defoliation

Défoliation

Guhunguka kw’amababi

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Dejuicer

Egouttoir

Igikoresho gikura umutobe mu mbuto

Demi-sec wine

Vin demi-sec

Divayi itumye burundu

Deodorization

Désodorisation

Gukuramo impumuro

Filtration en profondeur Vin Doux/Vin de liqueur

Bumwe mu buryo bwo kuyungurura Divayi itangwa nyuma yo kurya

Destemming

Egrappage

Devatting

Décuvage

Distillation

Distillation Spiritueux distillés

Gukuramo ibiti Gukura mu isafuriya/mu ngunguru

Depth filtration Dessert wine

Distilled spirits

Umucumbetso

Distilled wine

Vin distillé

Divayi yavanywe mu gisukika ikijya mu mwuka noneho igasubira kuba igisukika

Dosage

Kuregera

Drainer

Egouttoir

Igikuramo ibisukika

Dried activated yeast

Essoreur/ Egoutter Levure sèche activée

Dry wine

Vin sec

Divayi yumutse

Dryness

Sécheresse/ Causticité

Ubwume

Effervescence

Enzyme

Epicatechins

Epicatéchines

Ergosterol

Ergostérol

Ester

Draining

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Gukuramo ibisukika Umusemburo wumye

Ubwoko bw’Umusemburo

170

WINE

Ethanal

Ethanol

Ethyl alcohol

Alcool éthylique

Ethylene

Ethylène

Evaporator

Evaporateur

Icyuma gihindura ibisukika mo umwuka

Extra dry wine

Vin sec avancé

Imizabibu yumutse cyane

Extract

Extrait

Ibyakuwe mu kintu

Ferment

Umusemburo

Fermentation

Gutara/gusembura

Fermentation activator Fermentation kinetics

Activateur de fermentation Cinétique de la fermentation

Fermenter

Fermenteur

Urwina

Filter

Filtre

Akayunguruzo

Filtration

Kuyungurura

Filtration system

Système de filtration

Uburyo bwo kuyungurura

Fining

Affinage

Uburyo bwo gutegura divayi

Fining agent

Agent d’affinage

Igikoreshwa mu gutegura divayi

First pressing

Première pressage

Gukamura bwa mbere

Flash pasteurization

Pasteurisation instantanée

Flavonoids

Flavonoïdes

Flavonols

Flavour

Saveur

171

Alukoro

Ikibarutsa gutara/igisembura

Uburyo bwo Gushyushya hagamijwe kwica udukoko na mikorobi

Uburyohe/Icyanga Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

WINE

Flavour compounds

Composés aromatiques

Ibitera kuryoha

Flocculants

Floculants

Itende

Flor wine

Vin de type Flor

Ubwoko bwa divayi

Flotation

Flottation

Kujonjora hakoreshejwe amazi

Foam

Mousse

Urufuro

Vin enrichi/ enrichi Jus goutte à goutte

Divayi yongewemo intungamubiri

Fructose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Fruit brandy

Eau-de-vie à base de fruit

Ubwoko bwa divayi

Fruit esters

Esters de fruit

Fruit juice

Jus de fruit

Umutobe wo mu mbuto

Fruit skins

Peauxde fruits

Ibishishwa by’imbuto

Fruit wine

Vin de fruits

Divayi yo mu mbuto

Fungicide

Fongicide

Ibyica uruhumbu

Gallon/Mesure de liquide Générateur de gaz

Urugero rwo mu gupima ibisukika

Gelatine

Gélatine

Ubwoko bwa poroteyine

Glucose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Grape berry

Baie de raisin

Imbuto z’imizabibu

Fortified wine Free run juice

Gallon Gaz generator

Grape bunch Grape drying Grape juice

Bouquet de raisin Séchage de raisin Jus de raisin

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bw’umutobe

Igitanga gaze

Itsiko ry’imizabibu Kumisha imizabibu Umutobe w’imizabibu 172

WINE

Grape maturation

Maturation de raisin

Kwera kw’imizabibu

Grape seeds

Graines de raisin

Imbuto z’imizabibu

Grape skin

Peau de raisin

Igishishwa by’imizabibu

Grape spirit

Alcohol de raisin Alukoro y’imizabibu

Grape stomping

Foulage de raisin

Kwenga imizabibu

Grapes

Raisins

Imizabibu

Grapes noble rot

Putréfaction de raisins

Ubwoko bw’indwara y’imizabibu

Harvester

Moissonneuse

Icyuma gisarura

Harvesting

Moissonnage

Gusarura

Haze

Brume

Ukwijima/Urwokotsi

Haziness

Nébulosité

Ukwijima/Urwokotsi

Heat

Chaleur

Ubushyuhe

Heating Heterofermentative bacteria Homofermentative bacteria Horizontal presses Hydraulic presses

Chauffage Bactéries héterofermentatives Bactéries homofermentatives Pressions horizontales Pressions hydrauliques

Gushyushya

Hydrolysis

Hydrolyse

Gukata molekire/ Gushwanyagurika kwa molekile hari amazi

Hydrometer jar

Jarre hydrométrique

Igikopo gipima urugero rw’ubuhehere mu kintu

173

ubwoko bwa begiteri Ubwoko bwa bagiteri Gukamura harambuye

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

WINE

Icyuma gipima urugero rw’ubuhehere mu kintu/ ubutote Gukura kw’inzoga/divayi mu icupa

Hygrometer

Hygromètre

In-bottle ageing

Maturation en bouteille

Inert gaz

Gaz inerte

Juice

Jus

Umutobe

Juice oxidation

Oxydation de jus

Kononekara k’umutobe bitewe na ogusijeni

Kit analysis

Kit d’analyse

Icyuma kigenzura

Label

Etiquette

Ibirangaikintu

Labelling

Etiquetage

Gushyiraho ibiranga ikintu

Late harvest wine Lateral strike harvesters

Bactéries lactiques (d’acide lactique) Vin de vendage tardif Moissonneuses latérales

Leaching

Lixiviation

Gukura ibireta mu bisukika

Lees

Lie

Itende

Liquor Low temperature pressing

Liqueur

Amavu/Inzoga ikaze

Pressage à basse temperature

Gukamura ku rugero rw’ubushye rwo hasi

Maceration

Macération

Uburyo bwo kwinika imizabibu kugirango yorohe

Magnums bottle wine Maillard reaction

Vin en bouteille magnum Réaction Maillard

Malic acid

Acide malique

Lactic acid bacteria

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bw’umugera Divayi iva mu mizabibu isaruwe bitinze Ubwoko bw’icyuma gisarura

Divayi iri mu macupa manini

174

WINE

Malolactic activity Malolactic enzyme Malolactic fermentation Manual grape picking Marc

Activité malolactique Enzyme malolactique Fermentation malolactique Cueillette manuelle de raisin/ Vendage manuel Marc (Résidu après extraction)

Ubwoko bw’umusemburo Bumwe mu buryo bwo gusembura Gusarura imisabibu hakoreshejwe intoki Igikatsi cy’imizabibu

Maturation

Gukura/Gukomera/Kwera

Maturation index

Index de maturation

Urugero rwo gukura

Maturity

Maturité

Ubukure

Mead

Hydromel

Inzoga y’ubuki

Medicinal wine flavour Membrane filtration

Saveur medicinal du vin Filtration membranaire

Impuro ya divayi imeze nk’imiti Bumwe mu buryo bwo kuyungurura

Mercaptans

Metallic flavour

Saveur métallique

Metallic mouth feel

Sensation den bouche de goût de métal

Metallic offflavour Methanol

175

Icyanga gikaze

Mauvais goût métallique/ Arrière goût métallique Méthanol

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

WINE

Microoxygenation

Détérioration d’origine microbienne Flore microbienne Microoxygenation

Microvinification

Gutara divayi nkeya

Mixer

Mélangeur

Igikoresho kivanga

Mold

moisissure

Uruhumbu

Muscat grape

Raisin Muscat

Ubwoko bw’imizabibu

Muscat wine

Vin de muscat

Ubwoko bwa divayi y’imizabibu

Mush

Purée

Inombe

Must

Moût

Umutobe utayunguruye w’imizabibu

Must acidity

Acidité du moût

Ubusharire bw’umutobe

Must aroma

Arome de moût

Impumuro y’umutobe

Must blanketing

Must concentrators

Couverture du moût Brunissement du moût Concentreurs du moût

Must density

Densité du moût

Must enrichment

Enrichissement du moût

Musty flavour

Saveur de moisi

Igihu gipfundikira umutobe w’imizabibu Gusa n’ikigina k’umutobe w’imizabibu Ibifatisha umutobe w’imizabibu Ireme bwite ry’umutobe w’imizabibu Gushyira izindi ntungamubiri mu mutobe w’imizabibu Icyanga y’umutobe w’imizabibu muri divayi

Microbial spoilage Microflora

Must browning

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Kwangirika bitewe na mikorobi Imigera ikura ahantu runaka Kuba ahantu hagera ogusijeni nkeya

176

WINE

Ubumara buturuka muri ruhumbu

Mycotoxin

Mycotoxine

Non flavonoid content Non-vintage wine

Contenu non flavonoïque Vin nonmillésimé

Divayi itanditsweho umwaka yakoeweho

Nutritive value

Valeur nutritive

Urugero rw’intungamubiri

Oak

Chêne

Ubwoko bw’igiti kinini

Ochratoxin

Ochratoxine

Ubwoko bw’ubumara buva mu ruhumbu

Oechsle scale

Balance/Echelle de Oechsle

Ubwoko bw’umunzani

Oenology

Oenologie

Umumenyi bujyanye no guhinga imizabibu no kwenga divayi

Off-odor

Mauvaise odeur

Impumuro mbi

On-vine overripening

Séchage de raisin sur la vigne Surmaturation sur la vigne

Orange wine

Vin orange

Organic wine making

Fabrication de vin organique

Organoleptic test

Examen organoleptique

Osmosis

Osmose

Osmotic pressure

Pression osmotique

Osmotic stress

Choc osmotique

Overripening

Surmaturation

On-vine grape drying

177

Kumisha imizabibu ikiri ku giti Gushya kw’imizabibu ikiri kugiti Divayi isa n’ibara rya oranje

Uburyo bwo gupima hakoreshejwe amaso, amazuru, ururimi. Osimoze/Kwinjira kw’amazi mu nyabika

Gushya cyane

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

WINE

Oxidation

Oxydation

Oxidative odor

Odeur du à l’oxydation

Packaging materials Pad filtration

Matériaux d’emballage Filtration tampon

Gutwika hakoreshejwe ogusijeni Impumuro ituruka ku gutwika (ibiribwa) hakoreshejwe ogusijeni Ibikoresho byo gupakira Uburyo bwo kuyungurura

Pail

Seau

Indobo

Pasteurization

Pasteurisation

Kubiza hagamijwe kwica udukoko

Pectic enzyme

Enzyme pectique Ubwoko bw’imisemburo

Pectin

Pectine

Pectin methly esterases

Enzymes coupant les laisons methyl ester des pectines

Pectinase

Ubwoko bw’imisemburo

Perlant

ubwoko bwa divayi

Peroxidase

Peroxydase

Ubwoko bw’umusemburo

Pesticide residues

Résidus de pesticide

IIbisigisi by’imiti yica ibyonnyi

Igipimo cy’ubukare

Phenolic acid Phenolic pigment Physicochemical factor Pink wine

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Acide phénolique Colorant phénolique Facteur physicochimique Vin rosé

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Divayi y’iroza 178

WINE

Plum

Prune

Ubwoko bwkinyomoro

Pneumatic presses

Pressoirs/Presses pneumatiques

Ubwo bw’igikoresho gikamura

Polishing

Gusena

Polivinylpolypyrrolidone

Polyphenol

Polyphénol

Pomace

Marc/Grignons Vin de type Porto

Igikatsi cy’imizabibu

Maturation postrestitution

Gukura kwa divayi nyuma y’uko isukwa

Traitement après fermentation

Gutungana kw’inzoga/divayi nyuma yo gutarwa

Potassium metabisulfite

Metabisulfite de potassium

Potasiyumu ibuza imigera gukura muri divayi, igatuma divayi igumana ibara, n’impumuro nziza zayo

Premature browning

Brunissement prématuré

Gusa n’ikigina mbere y’igihe

Preservative

Conservant

Ibyongerwa mu biryo bigafasha kubikwa igihe kirekire

Pressing

Pressage

Gukamura

Prestige cuvee

Cuvée prestige

Porto wine Postdisgorgement aging Postfermentation treatment

Protein haze Protein-fining agents Pulp 179

Brume due aux protéines Agents d’affinage à base de protéine Pulpe

Divayi iva muri Porutugali

Divayi nziza kurusha indi yose Kwijima bitewe na poroteyine Poroteyine ifasha kunoza divayi Igice kiribwa cy’urubuto Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

WINE

Pumping

Pompage

Gusunika/Gupompa

Pyrazines

Quality

Qualité

Quality assessment Quality parameters

Evaluation de la qualité Paramètres de la qualité

Quality wines

Vins de qualité

Rack and return

Délestage

Racking

Soutirage

Gusuka divayi iva mu ngunguru imwe ijya mu yindi

Red grapes

Raisins rouges

Imizabibu y’umutuku

Reducing sugar

Sucre réducteur

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Refractometer

Réfractomètre

Icyuma gipima urugero rw’isukari

Refrigeration

Réfrigération

Gukonjesha

Residual sugar Reverse osmosis Riboflavin

Sucre résiduel

Isukari isigaye

Ubwiza Kugenzura ubwiza Ibiranga ubwiza Divayi nziza

Osmose inverse Riboflavine

Ubwoko bwa vitamine

Riddling

Remuage/ Cribblage

Gucurika divayi iri mu icupa

Ripening

Maturation

Gushya

Rosé wine

Vin rosé

Divayi y’ibara ry’iroza

Rum

Rhum

Divayi iva mu bisheke

Saccharometer

Saccharomètre

Saccharomyces Cerevisiea

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Icyuma gipima urugero rw’isukari Umusemburo ukoreshwa mu gusembura inzoga 180

WINE

Saccharose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Saignée method

Méthode de saignée

Kuvanga divayi itukura n’iyumweru

Scales

Balance

Umunzani

Screw presses

Presses à vis

Icyuma gikamura kizenguruka Umufuniko wikaranga mu gufungura

Sediment

Bouchon à vis/ Capsule à vis Machine à sceller/ Sertisseuse/ Capsuleuse Sédiment

Sedimentation

Sédimentation

Gukeneka

Senescence

Sénescence

Ubusaza

Single barrel aging

Maturation en fût individuel Trempage/ Immersion Matières solides solubles

Screwcap Sealing machine

Soaking Soluble solids

Icyuma gifunga/kirumya Itende

Gukurira mu ngunguru Kwinika/Gutumbika/ Ugutosa/Ukujandika Ibishobora kuyongera mu bisukika

Sorbic acid

Acide sorbique

Sorting

Triage

Kurobanura/Kujonjora

Sorting tables

Tables de tri

Ameza yo kurobanuriraho

Sour rot

Pourriture aigre/ acide

Gupfa

Souring

Acidificaton

Gishaririye

Sparging

Barbotage/ Aspersion

Kunyura amazi ashyushye mu gikatsi hagamijwe gukuramo umutobe

Sparkling wine

Vin pétillant

Ubwoko bwa divayi

Spirits

Distilled liquor/ Alcool

Amavu/Inzoga ikaze

181

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

WINE

Spoilage

Détérioration

Spoilage flavour

Saveur de détérioration Odeur de Spoilage odour détérioration Levures de Spoilage yeasts détérioration

Kwangirika Icyanga cyo kwangirika kw’inzoga Impumuro yo kwangirika kw’inzoga Imisemburo yangiza

Sporulation

Kwihisha mu igi k’umugera (mu bihe bibi)

Stabilization

Stabilisation

Kuguma jamwe kw’ikintu

Stainless steel

Acier inoxydable Icyuma kidatonda umugese

Starter

Levain

Umusemburo

Still wine

Vin nonmousseux

Ubwoko bwa divayi

Stirring room

Salle d’agitation

Icyumba cyo kuvangiramo

Stopper

Bouchon

Umufuniko

Storage

Stockage

Ububiko

Stoving wine

Vin chauffé

Ubwoko bwa divayi

Sugar

Sucre

Isukari

Sugar content

Teneur en sucre

Urugero rw’isukari mu kintu

Sulfite

Sulfiting

Sulfitage

Sulfur dioxide Sun-dried grapes

Dioxide de soufre Raisins séchés au soleil

Supraextraction

Supra-extraction

Sweet wine

Vin sucré/Vin doux

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Bumwe mu buryo bw’ihagarika ry’isembura

Imizabibu yumishijwe n’izuba Uburyo bwo kubona umutobe wa divayi irimo isukari nyinshi Divayi iryohereye 182

WINE

Sweetness

Douceur/Gout sucré

Uburyohe

Table wine

Vin de table

Divayi yo ku meza

Taints

Souillures

Umwanda

Tank filling

Remplissage de la cuve

Kuzuza ingunguru

Tannins

Tanins

Tartaric acid

Acide tartrique

Tartrates

Taste

Goût

Icyanga

Temperature automatic control

Contrôle automatique de la température

Bumwe mu buryo bwo kugenzura urugero rw’ubushyuhe

Terpenes

Terpènes

Terpenoids

Terpénoïde

Thermal shock Choc thermique

Kuba kibi bitewe no guhinduka cyane k’urugero rw’ubushyuhe mu gihe gito Igikoresho gipima urugero rw’ubushyuhe

Thermometer

Thermomètre

Total acidity

Acidité totale

Ubusharire

Trace elements

Oligoéléments

Intungamubiri ziboneka/ zikenerwa ku rugero ruto mu kintu

Traditional wine

Vin traditionnel

Divayi gakondo

Transport containers

Récipients/ Conteneurs de transport

Ingunguru zo gutwaramo ibintu

Transvasage

Gusuka/Gusukanura

Tun

Cuve

Ingunguru

183

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

WINE

Turbidity

Turbidité

Kuba ikintu kidacayutse

Ullage

Marge de remplissage/ Volume vide

Ahatujujwe mu icupa ririmo igisukika

Ultrafiltration

Kuyungurura hakoreshejwe utuyunguruzo duto cyane

Vacuum

Sous vide

Nta mwuka

Vanillin

Vanilline

Vanila

Varietal wine

Vin de cépage

Divayi iva mu bwoko bumwe bw’umuzabibu

Vat

Cuve

Ingunguru/Igitariro/Umuvure

Vermouth

Vidal grapes

Raisins de Vidal

Vinegar

Vinaigre

Vinegere

Vineyard

Vigne/Vignoble

Umurima w’imizabibu

Vinification

Kwenga divayi

Vinometer

Vinomètre

Vintage champagne

Champagne millésimé Vin millésimé/ Vin de grand cru Vineron/ Viticulteur

Icyuma gipima urugero rwa alukoro muri divayi Shampanye yanditseho umwaka yakorewemo Divaye yanditseho umwaka yakorewemo Umuntu ukora akanagurisha divayi

Viscosity

Viscosité

Uburenduke

Vitamin

Vitamine

Viticulture

Ubumenyi mu guhinga imizabibu no gutunganya divayi

Volatile

volatile

Guhinduka mo umwuka

Vintage wine Vintner

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Divayi irimo ibirungo bihumura bitandukanye Ubwoko bw’imizabibu y’umweru

184

WINE

Warehouse

Entrepôt

Ihunikiro/itariro

Washing

Lavage

Koza

Washing brush syphon

Brosse de lavage siphon

Igikoresho cyo gusukura

Whiskey

Whisky

Wisiki

White grapes

Raisins blancs

Imizabibu y’umweru

White porto

Vin Porto blancs

Ubwoko bwa divayi

White wine

Vin blanc

Divayi y’umweru

Wine aging

Maturation du vin

Gukura kwa divayi

Wine bottle

Bouteille de vin

Icupa ryagenewe divayi

Wine carbonation

Carbonation du vin

Wine cave

Cave à vin

Wine cut

Coupe de vin

Gushyira ubwoko bw’umwuka muri divayi Ubuvumo butarirwamo divayi Uburyo bwo gufungura divayi hakoreshejwe amazi/ indi divayi yoroshye

Wine fault

Défaut de vin

Inenge ya divayi Kwangirika kwa divayi kubera imisemburo cyangwa umwuka Guhumura kwa divayi nk’imbuto

Wine flatness

Néteté de vin

Wine fruitiness

Vin fruité

Wine pump

Pompe à vin

Icyuma gisunika divayi

Dilution du vin

Gufungura divayi

Wine stretching Wine sweetness Wine tasting Wine thinness 185

La douceur du vin Dégustation de vin La finesse du vin

Uburyohe bwa divayi Gusogongera divayi Ubwiza bwa divayi Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

WINE

Wine yeast

Levure à vin

Umusemburo wa divayi

Winemaker

Vigneron/ Viticulteur

Ukora divayi

Wine-press

Pressoir à vin

Igikoresho gikoresha mu gutunganya divayi

Winery

Etablissement vinicole

Urwengero rwa divayi

Wine’s bouquet

Bouquet du vin

wines press

Pressoir à vin

Wood lactones

Lactone du bois

Wooden cask

Tonneau en bois

Ingunguru ikozwe mu biti

Wooden vat

Cuve en bois

Imivure ikozwe mu biti

Yeast

Levure

Umusemburo

Yeast nutrients Yeast sediment

Eléments nutritifs de levure Sédiment de levure

Ubwoko bw’impumuro ya divayi Igikoresho gikamura umutobe mu mizabibu Bimwe mu bitanga impumuro zitandukanye muri divayi biturutse ku bwoko bw’igiti cy’umuvure divayi yatazwemo

Ibiryo by’imisemburo Itende ry’imisemburo

Yeast starter

Levain

Imisemburo

Yellow wine

Vin jaune

Divayi y’umuhondo

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

186

FOOD ANALYSIS

ENGLISH

FRANÇAIS

KINYARWANDA

Absorbance

Kunyunyuza/Kumira/ Gufata

Absorption

Inyunyuza

Absorption spectrophotometry Absorption spectrum

Spectrophotométrie d’absorption Spectre d’absorption

Acetone

Acétone

Acid

Acide

Aside

Acid value

Indice d’acide

Irigero cy’aside

Acidophile

Acidulant

Adsorption

Gufata ku kintu

Aerobe

Aérobie

Ngombamwuka

Aerosol

Aérosol

Aerotolerant

Aérotolérant

Affinity chromatography

Chromatographie d’affinité

Aflatoxin

Aflatoxine

Agar

Agar/Gélose

Agar deep culture

Culture profonde sur agar

Agar slant

Gélose inclinée

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ibinyabuzima bikunda kuba ahantu hari aside Gituma ikiribwa kiba aside

Umuti uvanze na gaze batera bapuriza ugasohoka ari umwuka Ikinyabuzima cyihanganira kuba ahari umwuka

Ubumara buhumanya buva mu ruhumbu

187

FOOD ANALYSIS

Agglutination

Uburyo bwo kwegerana

Airborne disease

Maladie due aux micro-organismes de l’air

Indwara bitewe n’umwuka wahumetse

Airtight stopper

Bouchon hermétique

Umufuniko umatiriye

Alcohol

Alcool

Alukoro

Alcoholometer

Alcoomètre

Igipima alukoro

Aldose

Algae

Algue

Alkaline cupric solution Alkaline phosphatase assay

Solution cuprique (cuivre) alkaline Dosage de phosphatase alkaline

Alkaliphile

Allergen

Allergène

Aluminum foil

Papier d’aluminium

Aluminum weighing dish Alundum granules

Coupelle de pesage en aluminium Granules d’Alundum

Amino acid

Acide aminé

Ammonium sulfate

Sulfate d’ammonium

Amoeba

Amibe

188

Inkuriramazi

Ikinyabuzima gikunda kuba ahantu hatari ubusharire Bitera ubwivumbure bw’umubiri Agashashi ka aliminiyumu kifashishwa mu gufunika ibintu Utwifashishwa mu gupima muri laboratwari

Kimwe mu bice byubatse poroteyine

Amibe Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Amyl alcohol

Alcool amylique

Amylopectin

Amylopectine

Amylose

Anaerobe

Anaérobie

Anaerobiosis

Anaérobiose

Ubwoko bw’isukari iba mu bihingwa nk’ibirayi Ubwoko bw’isukari iba mu bihingwa Ikinyabuzima kiba ahatari umwuka/ Nziramwuka Ahatari umwuka

Antagonism

Antagonisme

Kutabana

Anthocyanin

Anthocyanine

Anthrax

Anthrax/Charbon bactéridien

Antibiotic

Antibiotique

Antibiotic resistance

Résistance antibiotique

Intangabara y’ibara ry’ubururu cyangwa ry’icyatsi mu bihingwa Ubwoko bw’indwara ifata inyamaswa n’abantu Antibiyotiki/ Umurwanyamikorobi Kudahangarwa n’imiti kwa mikorobi

Antifungal agent

Agent antifongique

ikirwanya uruhumbu

Antimicrobial

Antimicrobien

Ikirwanya mikorobi

Antioxidant

Antioxydant

Antisepsis

Antisepsie

Appendage

Appendice

Imigereka

Aqueous

Aqueux

Cyuje amazi/Mu mazi/ hari amazi

Archaea

Ubwoko bw’imigera

Ascorbic acid

Acide ascorbique

Vitamine C

Aseptic

Aseptique

kuba nta mikorobi ihari

Ash

Cendre

Ivu

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Kibuza kwangizwa n’umwuka wa ogusijene Kirinda ahantu kwanduzwa n’umugera

189

FOOD ANALYSIS

Gikurura ibintu gikoresheje umwuka Icyuma gikoresha umwuka w’amazi yabize mu kwica imigera Kwishwanyaguza Kwitwika biterwa na Ogisijeni/Kwangirika kw’ikintu bitewe n’umwuka wa ogusijene Ibinyabuzima byigaburira bikoresheje ibiva ku zuba n’urumuri/ Nyamwigira

Aspirator

Aspirateur

Autoclave

Autolysis

Autolyse

Auto-oxidation

Auto-oxydation

Autotroph

Autotrophe

Bacteria count

Dénombrement de bactéries

Bactericidal

Bactéricide

Bacteriocin

Bactériocine

Bacteriophage

Bactériophage

Bacteriostatic

Bactériostatique

Bacterium

Bactérie

Umugera

Balance

umunzani

Barophile

Ikinyabuzima gikunda kuba ahari ubutsikamire bw’umwuka bwinshi

Base

Kidasharira

Baume hydrometer

Hydromètre de Baume

Ubwoko bw’igikoresho gipima amazi

190

Kubara imigera Inyicamikorobi/ Inyicabagiteri Ubumara bukorwa n’umugera bwica indi migera Ubwoko bwa virusi zica bagiteri Igihagarika gukura kw’umugera

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Beaker

Becher

Beef extract

Extrait de boeuf

Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay

Epreuve à l’acide bicinchoninique

Agakoresho ko muri laboratwari gashyirwamo ibisukika Icyakuwe mu nyama y’inka gikoreshwa mu guhinga bagiteri

Fission/Scission binaire Demande biochimique en oxygène

Gusaduka mo ibice bibiri bingana

Biofilm

Urubobi

Biomass

Biomasse

Umusaruro w’ibiva mu binyabuzima

Biuret assay

Test Biuret pour protéines

Biuret complex

Complexe Biuret

Binary fission Biochemical oxygen demand

Biuret reaction Biuret total protein reagent Blank

Réaction au Biuret Réactif Biuret pour la détermination de protéine totale Vide/Ne contenant pas d’échantillon

Blender

Mélangeur

Boiling point

Point d’ébullition

Boric acid

Acide borique

Botulism

Botulisme

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Igikoresho gisya kivanga Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe ibisukika bibiriraho Indwara iterwa n’indwara ituruka mu nyama zanduye 191

FOOD ANALYSIS

Bovine serum albumin

Albumine du sérum bovin

Bradford assay

Test de Bradford

Bright-field microscope

Microscope à champ lumineux

Ubwoko bwa mikorosikopi

Brix

Brix/Teneur en sucre

Igipimo cy’isukari mu bisukika

Broth culture media

Bouillon de culture

Browning

Brunissement

Bud

Bourgeon

Agashibu

Budding

Bourgeonnement

Ugushibuka

Buffer

Tampon

Bunsen burner

Bec Bunsen

Burette

Burette/Eprouvette

Butyrometer

Butyromètre

Calibration

Calibrage

Kuregera

Calibration curve

Courbe de calibrage

Calorimeter

Calorimètre

Calorimetry

Calorimetrie

Umurongo ngenderwaho mu kuregera Igikoresho gipima itangwa ry’ubushyuhe hagati y’ibintu bibiri Ubumenyi bw’itangwa ry’ubushyuhe

Capsid

Capside

Capsule

192

Ubwoko bwa poroteyine iba mu mata

Ubwoko bw’ahahingwa umugera hasa n’igikoma Kwijimisha/Gituma ikiribwa gisa n’ikigina

Igikoresho gacana, kica mikorobi zose muri laboratwari Agakoresho ko gupima ibisukika ia muri laboratwari Agakoresho ko gupima urugero rw’amavuta

Agahu ka bagiteri

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Caramelization

Caramélisation

Gukaranga isukari/ Gukoresha isukari ikaranze

Carbohydrates

Hydrates de carbone

Amasukari

Carbolfuchsin

Carotenoids

Carotenoïdes

Catalase test

Essai de catalase

Cell mass

Masse cellulaire

Cell number

Nombre de cellules

Cell wall

Paroi cellulaire

Cellulose extraction thimbles

Cartouches en cellulose pour extraction

Centipoise

Centrifugation

Centrifuge

Centrifugeuse

Chelating agent

Agent de chélation

Chemical oxygen demand

Demande chimique en oxygène

Chemically defined medium

Milieu chimiquement défini

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Irangabara ry’ibimera rya oranje Uburyo bukoreshwa mu gutandukanya bagiteri Ubwinshi bw’inyangingo fatizo Umubare w’inyangingo fatizo Uruhu ruzengurutse inyangingo fatizo Ubwoko bw’igikoresho gikoreshwa laboratwari Urugero fatizo rukoreshwa mu gupima uburenduke bw’ikintu runaka Gutandukanya ibintu hakoreshejwe kubikaraga Ibintu bishobora gukora amahuriro n’iyo z’ibyuma

Ubwoko bw’ahahingwa umugera hafite ibinyabutabire bihagize bizwi 193

FOOD ANALYSIS

Kolore/Umuti usukura, wica udukoko mu mazi n’ibindi Umuti ukoreshwa muri laboratuwari Intangabara cyatsi mu bimera Igipimo cya kolesiteroli mu kintu runaka

Chlorine

Chlore

Chloroform

Chloroforme

Chlorophyll

Chlorophylle

Cholesterol content

Teneur en cholestérol

Chromatography

Chromatographie

Cilia

Cils

Citric acid

Acide citrique

Coagulase test

Test de coagulase

Coccus

Coque

Coefficient of variation

Coefficient de variation

Inkubwe y’impinduka

Cold room

Chambre froide

Icyumba gikonjesha

Coliforms

Coliformes

Ubwoko bw’imugera

Colloidal

Colloïdal

Kirenduka

Colony

Colonie

Umugina

Colony counter

Compteur de colonies

Colony forming unit

Unité formatrice de colonies

Colorant

Igitanga ibara

Colorimetric analysis

Analyse colorimétrique

Gupima bigendera ku ihinduka ry’amabara

194

Ubwoya Ubwuryo bwo gutandukanya bagiteri Umugera usa n’umubumbe

Icyifashishwa mu kubara imigina y’umugera Urugero rw’ifatizo mu kubara imigina y’imigera

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Kumenya ko ikintu runaka kiri muri mu gisukiza hakurikiranywe ihinduka ry’amabara Ubumenyi bukoresha amabara mu kwiga ibintu

Colorimetric detection

Détection colorimétrique

Colorimetry

Colorimétrie

Combustion

Gutwika

Commensalism

Commensalisme

Ukutabangamirana

Complex culture media Compound microscope

Milieux de culture complexes Microscope composé

Condenser

Condensateur

Conductivity

Conductivité

Conjugation

Conjugaison

Ubwoko bw’ahahingwa imigera Ubwoko bwa mikorosikopi Igikoresho gifasha mu gutuma umwuka uhinduka igisukika Guhererekanya/ Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibitemba Uburyo imigera imwe n’imwe ihana igice cya DNA

Consistency

Uniformité/ Homogénité/ Consitance

Constituent

Constituant

Contagion

Container

Récipient

Ibigize (ikintu runaka) uburo bwo kwanduza indwara Igikoresho

Contaminant

Cyanduza

Continuous phase

Phase continue

Igice cy’ihinduka ry’ibintu kitaretsa

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ukumera kimwe

195

FOOD ANALYSIS

Bumwe mu buryo ubushyuhe buhererekanwa

Convection

Convection oven

Four de convection

Conversion factor

Facteur de conversion

Coomassie dye

Colorant de Coomassie

Cork

Bouchon

Umufuniko

Applicateur de Cotton applicator coton/ Ecouvillon/ tige cotton Cotton plug

Bouchon de coton

Coverslip

Lamelle

Crucible

Creuset

Crucible tongs

Pinces pour creuset

Crude fat content

Teneur en graisse brute

Crude fibers

Fibres brutes

Crystal violet

Violet de gentiane

Crystallization

Cristallisation

Culture

196

Ubwoko bw’ifuru Umubare wifashishwa mu guhindura ingero z’ubwinshi z’ibintu runaka Ubwoko bw’ibara rikoreshwa muri laboratwari Udukoresho twifashishwa mu gufata urwitegererezo rwa mikorobi Umupfundikizo ukozwe mu ipamba Agakopo kabugenewe gakoreshwa batwika ibintu nko mu ifuru muri laboratwari Ibifashi byo muri laboratwari/Ipensi Igipimo rusange cy’ibinure mu kintu runaka Ubukoco bwose butarakorwaho buri mu kintu runaka Irangabara ryo muri laboratuwari Imigera ihinze

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Culture media

Milieux de culture

Ahahingwa imigera

Cuvette

Akarahuri kabugenewe gakoreshwa muri laboratwari

Cylinder

Cylindre

Umwiburungushure

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasme

Cytosol

Dark-field microscope

Microscope en champ sombre/ à fond noir

Data handling

Traitement des données

Decline phase

Phase de déclin

Defined media

Médias définis

Degerming Degree of esterification Degree of gelatinization

Elimination des microbe Degré d’estérification Degré de gélatinisation

Kimwe mu bice bigize umugera Igice kimwe mu bigize umugera Ubwoko bwa mikorosikopi Gusesengura ibyakusanyijwe (imibare, amakuru) Kimwe mu byiciro bigize imikurire y’imigera mikorobi Ubwoko bw’ahahingwa umugera hagizwe n’ibinyabutabire bizwi Gukura mikorobi ku ‘ikintu runaka

Urwego rw’icagagurwa rwikintu a runaka bitewe hari amazi

Degree of hydrolysis

Degré d’hydrolyse

Degree of retrogradation

Degré de rétrogradation

Density

Densité

Ireme

Deproteination

Déprotéination

Kuvana poroteyine mu kintu

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

197

FOOD ANALYSIS

Desiccant

Dessicant

Ikimaramo amazi

Desiccator

Dessicateur

Igikoresho bumukirizamo ibintu

Desorption

Désorption

Kurekurana

Detection limit

Limite de détection

Aho icyumviro/igipimo kigarukira

Detergent

Détergent

Indwanyamyanda

Dew point

Point de condensation rosé

Dialyis

Dialyse

Diethyl ether

Ether diéthylique

Differential media

Milieux différentiels

Differential staining

Coloration différentielle

Diffusion

Digestibility

Digestibilité

Kuba ikintu cyagogorwa

Digestion

Kugogora

Hamwe mu hantu bahinga imigera Uburyo bwo gusiga ibara imigera kugirango bayitandukanye Ikwirakwira kw’ikintu runaka mu igisukika

Dilute solution

Solution diluée

Dilution

Dilution factor

Facteur de dilution

Dilution series

Série de dilution

Dipole

Dipôle

Disaccharides

198

Urugero rw’ubushyuhe umwuka ushyushye uhinduka mo amazi Uburyo bwo kuyungurura

Igisukika cyongwewemo amazi cyafunguwe Kongera amazi mu gisukika Ikigenderwaho mu gufungura Urwungikane rwo gufungura Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Discoloration

Décoloration

Guta ibara

Disinfectant

Désinfectant

Icyica umugera/Umuti wica mikorobi

Disinfection

Désinfection

Kwica imigera/mikorobi

Dispersed phase

Phase dispersée

Icyiciro cy’igifatika kitayenze mu gisukika

Dispersion

Gukwirakwiza

Disposable

Jetable/A usage unique

Gikoreshwa rimwe kigajugunywa

Distillation

Umucumbetso

Distilled water

Eau distillée

Disulfide bond

Liaison disulfide

Droplet size

Taille de gouttelettes

Ingano y’udutonyanga mu kintu runaka

Dropper bottle

Flacon/Bouteille compte-gouttes

Igikoresho cyo muri laboratwari kibara ibitonyanga

Drug residue Drug resistance

Résidu de médicaments Résistance aux médicaments

Drying

Séchage

Dumas method

Méthode de Dumas

Duplicate

Double

Durham tube

Tube de Durham

Dye

Colorant

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Amazi yabonetse hakoreshejwe umucumbetso Ubwoko bw’ifatisha riba hagati muri poroteyine rigahuza ibice bibiri bitandukanye biyigize

Ibisigisigi by’imiti Kudahangarwa/ Kunanira imiti Kwanika/Kumutsa Gusubiramo (kabiri) Intangabara

199

FOOD ANALYSIS

Electrodialysis

Electrodialyse

Electrolyte

Electron microscope

Microscope électronique

Electrophoresis

Electrophorèse

Elution

Uburyo bwo kuyungurura Ubwoko bwa mikorosikopi

Icyifashishwa mu gutuma amavuta yivanga neza mu bintu ubusanzwe bitivanga nayo Isaranganya ry’amavuta mu mazi

Emulsifier

Emulsifiant

Emulsion

Endospore

Agahu karinda umugera

Endospore staining

Bactéries capable de former des endospores Coloration d’endospore

Imigera ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora agahu kiyirinda Ubwoko bwo gusiga ibara

Endpoint

Point final

Aho ibintu birangirira

Endospore forming bacteria

Ahahingwa umugera hongewemo intungamubiri Kurumbura (kongerera ikintu intungamubiri) Ubwoko bw’imigera iba mu mara Ubumara bukorwa na mikorobi

Enriched medium

Milieu enrichi

Enrichment

Enrichissement

Enteric bacteria

Bactéries entériques

Enterotoxin

Entérotoxine

Enumeration

Enumération

Kubara imigera

Enzymatic browning

Brunissement enzymatique

Gusa n’ikigina kw’ibiryo bitewe n’imisemburo

200

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Enzyme

Enzyme inactivation

Activité enzymatique Inactivation d’enzymes

Erlenmeyer

Erlenmeyer flask

Flacon erlenmeyer

Enzyme activity

Essential nutrient Nutriment essentiel Esterification

Umusemburo Imikorere y’imisemburo Guhagarika/Kubuza gukora imisemburo Agakoresho ko muri laboratwari gashyirwamo ibisukika Agakoresho ko muri laboratwari gashyirwamo ibisukika Intungamubiri y’ingenzi

Estérification Ubwoko bwa alukoro (nk’iyo dusanga mu nzoga) Ubwoko bwa alukoro (nk’iyo dusanga mu nzoga)

Ethanol

Ethyl alcohol

Alcool éthylique

Ethylene oxide

Oxyde d’éthylène

Eubacteria

Ubwoko bw’imigera

Eukaryote

Ubwoko bw’ingirabuzimafatizo

Extractant

Extractif

Gukura ikintu mu kindi

Extraneous matter

Matière étrangère

Eye wash station

Station de lavage d’oeil

Eyepiece

Oculaire

Face mask

Masque protecteur de visage

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ibintu bivuye kubintu bikikije ikintu Ahogerezwa amaso yahumanyijwe muri laboratwari Igice cya mikorosikopi bareberamo Ibipfuka isura mu gihe umuntu ari muri laboratwari 201

FOOD ANALYSIS

Ibinyabuzima bishobora kuba ahari umwuka bibaye ngombwa Ibinyabuzima bishobora kuba ahatari umwuka bibaye ngombwa

Facultative aerobes

Aérobies facultatifs

Facultative anaerobes

Anaérobies facultatives

Falling number

Indice de temps de chute

Family

Famille

Umuryango

Fat

Graisse

Ibinure

Fat content

Teneur en graisse

Fat soluble vitamins

Vitamines liposolubles

Igipimo cy’ibinure mu kintu runaka Vitamine zivanga n’amavuta

Fatty acid

Acide gras

Aside nyarugimbu

Fecal coliforms

Coliformes fécales

Ubwoko bw’imigera yo mu mabyi no mu myanda y’amatungo

Fecal contamination

Contamination fécale

Kwanduzwa n’amabyi

Feces

Matières fécales

Amabyi/Imyanda y’inyamaswa

Fehling’s solutions

Solutions de Fehling

Fehling’s test

Essai de Fehling

Fermentation

Fermentor

Fermenteur

Fiberglass sample pad

Tampon d’échantillon en fibre de verre

202

Kuvura/ Korora imigera Ikigega kinini cyabugenewe gikoreshwa mu korora umugera Agakoresho ko muri lboratwari gashyirwaho urwitegererezo gakoze mu birahure bikomeye Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Filter paper

Papier filtre

Udupapuro twabugenewe twifashishwa mu kuyungurura

Filtration

Kuyungurura

Fimbriae

Ubwoya buba kuri imwe mu migera

First aid kit

Trousse de secours

Ibikoresho (imiti n’ibindi) byifashishwa mu butabazi bw’ibanze

Fission

Isaduka

Fixation

Gufatisha

Flagella staining

Coloration des flagelles

Gusiga amabara uturizo tw’imigera

Flagellum

Flagelle

Akarizo k’umugera

Flaming

Flamboyant

Cyaka umuriro

Flask

Flacon

Agakoresho ko muri laboratwari gashyirwamo ibisukika

Flavor

Saveur

Icyanga

Fluorescence microscope

Microscope fluorescent

Ubwoko bwa mikorosikopi

Foam

Mousse

Ifuro

Folin phenol

Phénol de foline

Food aroma Food carbohydrates

Arome des denrées alimentaires Hydrates de carbone des denrées alimentaires

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Impumuro y’ibiribwa Amasukari yo mu biribwa

203

FOOD ANALYSIS

Food chemicals codex

Codex de produits chimiques alimentaires

Food chemistry

Chimie alimentaire

Food colorants Food dispersion Food fats

Colorants alimentaires Dispersion des aliments Graisses des denrées alimentaires

Ibirungo ntangabara

Amavuta yo mu biribwa

Food flavour

Saveur alimentaire

Food infection

Infection alimentaire

Food intoxication

Intoxication alimentaire

Food lipids Food microbial analysis

Food microbial contamination Food minerals Food nutrient Food oil analysis

204

Lipides alimentaires Analyse microbienne des denrées alimentaires Contamination microbienne des denrées alimentaires Mineraux alimentaires Nutriment alimentaire Analyse d’huile alimentaire

Ubutabire bw’ibiribwa

Icyanga cy’ibiryo Kwanduzwa na mikorobi zivuye mu biribwa Guhumanywa n’ubumara buvuye mu biribwa Amavuta yo mu biribwa Isuzuma rya mikorobi mu biribwa Kwanduzwa kw’ibiribwa na mikorobi Imyunyu ngugu yo mu biribwa Intungamubiri zo mu biribwa Isuzuma ry’amavuta yo mu biribwa

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Food oils

Huiles alimentaire

Amavuta yo mu biribwa

Food pathogens

Microbes pathogènes dans les aliments

Mikorobi zitera indwara ziboneka mu biribwa

Food pigments

Colorants des aliments

Food poisoning

Intoxication alimentaire

Amatangabara y’umwimerere Kurwara bitwe n’imigera ivuye mu biryo Poroteyine zo mu biribwa Ubuziranenge bw’ibiribwa Urwitegererezo rw’ibiribwa

Foodborne disease

Protéines alimentaires Salubrité alimentaire Echantillon alimentaire Détérioration des denrées alimentaires Texture des denrées alimentaires Maladie d’origine alimentaire

Forceps

Forceps/Pince

Formaldehyde

Formaldéhyde

Formalin

Formaline

Fractionation

Fractionnement

Gucamo ibice

Free fatty acid

Acide gras libre

Aside

Free radicals

Radicaux libres

Freezer

Congélateur

Firigo

Freezing point

Point de congélation

Igipimo cy’ubukonje amazi ahindukiraho urubura (barafu)

Food proteins Food safety Food sample Food spoilage Food texture

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Iyangirika ry’ibiribwa Imiterere y’ibiribwa Indwara iterwa/ituruka ku biribwa Igikoresho cyo muri laboratwari/Ipensi

205

FOOD ANALYSIS

Diminution du point de congélation

Igabanuka ry’igipimo cy’ubukonje amazi ahindukiraho urubura (barafu)

Fume cupboard

Compartiment/ Placard à fumées

Akabati ko muri laboratwari gategurirwamo ibyazana imyuka yangiza

Fumigant

Fumigène

Umuti wica udukoko

Fungi

Champignons/ Mycètes

Ibisahumyo

Fungicidal

Fongicide

Icyica uruhumbu/ Umwicadusahumyo

Funnel

Entonnoir

Umubirikira

Furnace

Four

Ifuru

Fusion

Gushonga

Gas chromatography

Chromatographie en phase gazeuse

Gaseous

Gazeux

Bisa n’umwuka/n’igihu

Gelatin

Gélatine

Ubwoko bwa poroteyine

Gelatinization

Gélatinisation

Gufatana

General purpose media

Milieux à usage multiple

Generation time

Temps de génération

Freezing point depression

Gerber butyrometer

206

Butyrométre de Gerber

Ahahingwa umugera n’ibindi binyabuzima bito Igihe imigera imara kugirango yikube kabiri mu mikurire yayo Icupa ryabugenewe ryifashishwa mu kwiga amavuta hakoreshejwe uburyo bwitiriwe Gerber

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Gerber Lipid extraction method

Méthode de Gerber pour extraction des lipides

Uburyo bwo gutandukanya amavuta n’ibindi byaba biri kumwe bwitiriwe Gerber

Germ

Microbe

Mikorobi

Germination

Ukumera

Glass rod

Tige en verre

Glass slide

Lame en verre

Glass tubes

Tuyauterie en verre

Glassware

Verrerie

Gloves

Gants

Glucose assay

Analyse de glucose

Gluten

Glycocalyx

Glycocalice

Glycolysis

Glycolyse

Goldfisch lipid extraction method

Méthode de Goldfisch pour extraction de lipides

Graduated cylinder

Cylindre gradué

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Agakoresho ko muri laboratwari Igikoresho cyo muri laboratwari Amatiyo yo muri laboratwari akoze mu birahure Ibikoresho byo muri laboratwari bikoze mu birahure Imfurebantoki/Ga Isuzuma ry’isukari ya glucose Ubwoko bwa poroteyine iba mu bihingwa nk’ingano Ubwoko bw’isukari Ishwanyagurika ry’amasukari igihe akoreshwa mu mubiri Uburyo bwo gutandukanya amavuta n’ibindi byaba biri kumwe Igipimisho cy’ibisukika gikoreshwa muri laboratwari 207

FOOD ANALYSIS

Gram staining

Coloration de Gram

Gram-negative

Gram-négatif

Gram-positive

Gram-positif

Gram’s iodine

Iode de Gram

Gravimetric analysis Grinding

Analyse gravimétrique Broyage/meulage

Growth curve

Courbe de croissance

Growth factor

Facteur de croissance

Halophile

Halotolerant

Hazardous chemicals

Head space

Heat blanching

208

Uburyo bwo guha ibara mikorobi hagamijwe kuzitandukanya Icyiciro kimwe cy’imigera Icyiciro cyimwe cy’imigera Igifasha mu gufatisha ibara Isuzuma ry’uburemere bw’ikintu Gusya/Kujajanga Umurangagikuriro (Umurongo werekana ubukure bw’ikinyabuzima) Ibituma habaho ikura

Ikinyabuzima gikunda Halophile/Qui aime kuba ahari umunyu le sel mwinshi Ikinyabuzima Halotolérant/ cyihanganira kuba ahari Tolérant le sel umunyu mwinshi Ibinyabutabire bishobora gutera ibibazo Produits chimiques bidafashwe/bitabitswe/ dangereux bidakoreshejwe uko bikwiye espace de tête Umwanya urimo ubusa Espace entre le usigara hejuru y’ikintu niveau de liquide et kiri mu icupa le bouchon Gushyushya ikiribwa Blanchiment à la mu gihe gito kugirango chaleur hagabanywe imikorere y’imisemburo Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Heat fixation

Fixation à la chaleur

Heat sealable plastic bag

Sachet en plastique scellable par chaleur

Heavy metals

Métaux lourds

Heterogenous sample

Echantillon hétérogène

Hexane

High performance liquid chromatography Homogenous sample

Gutuma umugera cyangwa ibindi birimo kwigwa bifata ku karahuri kabugenewe hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe Isashi ifungwa hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe Urwitegererezo rugizwe n’ibintu bitandukanye

Chromatographie liquide haute performance Echantillon homogène

Urwitegererezo rugizwe n’ikintu kimwe

Hot plates

Plaques chaudes

Amashyiga ashyushye

Hydrogen bond

Lien d’hydrogène

Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen peroxide

Chlorure d’hydrogène Peroxyde d’hydrogène Sulfure d’hydrogène

Hydrogen sulfide Hydrogenation

Hydrogénation

Hydrolysate

Hydrolysat

Hydrolysis

Hydrolyse

Hydrolytic rancidity

Rancidite par hydrolyse

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Gucagagurwa kw’ikintu hari amazi Kwangirika kw’amavuta kubera imisemburo

209

FOOD ANALYSIS

Igipimo gipima urugero rw’ubuhehere

Hydrometer

Hydromètre

Hydroperoxides

Hydroperoxydes

Hydrophilicity

Hydrophilicité

Hydrophobic interaction

Interaction hydrophobe

Hydrophobicity

Hydrophobicité

Hypertonic

Hypertonique

Hyphae

Hypotonic

Hypotonique

Ice

Glace

Barafu

Ice bucket

Seau de glace

Indobo itwarwamo/ ibikwamo barafu

Ice maker

Machine qui fait de la glace

Imashini ikora barafu

Immersion oil

Huile d’immersion

Amavuta akoreshwa mu kureba mikorobi muri mikorosikope

Immiscible liquids

Liquides nonmiscibles

Ibisukika bitivanga

In vitro

In vivo

Incineration

Incinération

Incubation

210

Ugukunda kwivanga n’amazi Gukorana kw’ibitivanga n’amazi Ukudakunda kwivanga n’amazi Kimwe mu bice bigize uruhumbu/ igihumyo

Uburyo bwo gukuza ibinyabuzima muri laboratwari Uburyo bwo gukuza ibinyabuzima mu kindi kinyabuzima Gutwika bihindura ikintu ivu Gutereka

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Icyuma cyabugenewe cyifashishwa mu gutereka Ubwoko bwa bw’intangabara

Incubator

Incubateur

Indian ink

Encre de Chine

Indicator

Indicateur

Icyerekana

Indicator bacteria

Bactéries indicatrices

Imigera yifashishwa mu kugaragaza imyandurire y’ikintu runaka

Indole production test

Test à la production d’indole

Inhibition

Kubuza

Inhibitor

Inhibiteur

Inoculation

Inoculation loop

Boucle d’inoculation

Inoculation needle

Aiguille d’inoculation

Inoculum

Ikibuza Gutera umugera cyangwa ibindi binyabuzima bito/ Gushyiramo (umusemburo)/Gutera/ Kwinjiza mikorobi Igikoresho gikoreshwa mu gutera umugera cyangwa ibindi binyabuzima bito Urushinge rukoreshwa mu gutera umugera cyangwa ibindi binyabuzima bito Ibiterwa (imbuto) mu gihe umugera cyangwa ibindi bnyabuzima bito biri mu guhingwa

Intestinal flora

Flore intestinale

Invert sugar

Sucre inverti

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ibinyabuzima bito biba mu mara Isukari nk’iyo ku meza yahinduriwe imiterere 211

FOOD ANALYSIS

Iodine

Iode

Iyode

Iodine value

Indice d’iode

Igipimo cya iyode

Iodophors

Iodophores

Umuti urimo iyode

Ion chromatography

Chromatographie d’échanges d’ions

Ionizing

Ionisant

Irradiation

Isoelectric point

Point isoélectrique

Isoelectric precipitation

Précipitation isoélectrique

Isolation

Isolement

Isotonic

Isotonique

Jar

Jarre

Karl Fischer titration

Titration de Karl Fischer

Ketose

Cétose

Kingdom

Domaine

Kjeldahl digestion flasks Kjeldahl total nitrogen determination Lab coat

Gushyira ikintu ukwacyo Icupa

Flacons de digestion de Kjeldahl Détermination de l’azote totale par méthode Kjeldahl Manteau/Blouse de laboratoire

Lab protocol

Protocole de laboratoire

Laboratory safety

Sécurité de laboratoire

212

Gutwika n’imirasira

Icyiciro cy’ibinyabuzima Ibikoresho kifashishwa mu gusuzuma poroteyine mu biribwa Bumwe mu buryo bwo gupima poroteyine mu kintu runaka Umwambaro wo muri laboratwari Inyandiko zo muri laboratwari zerekana uko ibintu bikorwa Kwirinda muri laboratwari

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Lactic acid bacteria

Bactéries lactiques

Ubwoko bw’imigera Igipimo cyifashishwa mu gupima ireme ry’amata Kimwe mu byiciro mu mikurire y’imigera mikorobi Kimwe mu bice by’ingezi bigize mikorosikopi Agasukura igice bya mikorosikopi umuntu areberamo

Lactometer

Lactomètre

Lag phase

Phase de latence

Lens

Objectif

Lens cleaner

Nettoyeur de l’objectif

Light microscope

Microscope optique

Ubwoko bwa mikorosikopi

Lipid extraction

Extraction de lipides

Gukura amavuta mu kintu runaka

Lipid oxidation

Oxydation de lipides

Kwangirika kw’amavuta biturutse ku gutwikwa na ogusijeni

Lipids

Lipides

Ibinyamavuta

Lipolysis

Lipolyse

Liquid media

Milieux de culture liquide

Litmus milk

Lait de tournesol

Litmus paper

Papier coloré tournesol

Log phase

Phase logarithmique

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Gucagagurika kw’ibinyamavuta Ahahingwa imigera n’ibindi binyabuzima bito h’ibisukika Amata y’igihwagari Urupapuro rukoze mu igihwagari rukoreshwa muri laboratwari Kimwe mu byiciro by’imikurire y’umugera 213

FOOD ANALYSIS

Lowry assay

Analyse de Lowry

Lowry reagent

Réactif de Lowry

Lyophilization Lysis Macronutrient Magnetic stirbars Magnetic stirrer Magnification

Magnifying lens Maillard reactions

Kumisha aho amazi Lyophilisation ava muri barafu akaba umuka Gushwanyagurika (kwa Lyse mikorobi) Intungamubiri Macro-nutriment zikenerwa ku gipimo kinini mu mubiri Barres magnétiques Udusimako dukoreshwa pour agiter mu kuvanga Agitateur Igikoresho cyo kuvanga/ magnétique gucugusa Kongera ubunini Grossissement/ bw’ikirebwa muri Amplification mikorosikopi Igice cya mikorosikopi Objectif cyongera ubunini magnifiant/ bw’ibintu birimo grossissant kurebwa Réactions Maillard

Majonnier fat analysis method

Méthode d’analyse de lipides de Majonnier

Bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa mu gupima/ gusuzuma amavuta

Malachite green

Vert de malachite

Ubwoko bw’intangabara

Marker

Marqueur

Marikeri

Melanoidins

Mélanoïdines

Melting point

Point de fusion

214

Ikigero cy’ubushyuhe aho ibintu ibifatika bishonga

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Mesophile

Mésophile

Metabolite

Métabolite

Methanol

Méthanol

Methyl red test

Essai au rouge de méthylique

Methylene blue

Bleu de méthylène

Microaerophile

Microaérophile

Microbial growth

Croissance microbienne Risque/Danger microbien

Microbial hazard

Microbiology

Microbiologie

Microflora

Flore microbienne

Micronutrient

Micro-nutriment

Microorganism

Micro-organisme

Microscope

Microscope resolution

Résolution de microscope

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ibinyabuzima biba ahantu hari ubushyuhe bwo mu rugero buringaniye Ibiva/Ibisigara ku biribwa byamaze gukoreshwa n’umubiri

Ikinyabuzima kiba ahantu hari umwuka muke cyane Ikura rya mikorobi Ingaruka mbi za mikorobi Mikorobi Ubumenyi bwiga mikorobi n’ibinyabuzima bito cyane Mikorobi zose hamwe mu kintu/ahantu Intungamubiri ngombwa ariko zikenewe mu kigero gito cyane mu mubiri Akanyabizima gato cyane Mikorosikopi/ Intuburangano Ubushobozi bwo kubona/kubonesha bwa mikorosikopi 215

FOOD ANALYSIS

Microwave

Micro-onde

Igikoresho gishyushya ibiryo

Microwave moisture analyzer

Micro-onde analyseur d’humidité

Ubwoko bw’igikoresho gipima ubuhehere

Minerals

Mineraux

Imyungugu

Mixed culture

Culture mélangée

Moisture analyzer

Analyseur d’humidité

Ahahinzwe imigera y’ubwoko butandukanye Igikoresho gipima ubuhehere

Moisture content

Taux d’humidité

Urugero rw’ubuhehere

Molarity

Molarité

Mold

Moisissure

Uruhumbu

Poids moléculaire

Uburemere bw’agace gato ngenderwaho k’ikintu runaka

Monosaccharides

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Acide gras monoinsaturé

Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu zigize amavuta

Mordant

Gifatisha

Mortar

Mortier

Isekuru

Motile

Mobile

Ikintu kigenda/Kiyega

Motility test

Essai de mobilité

Igipimo cy’ubugende

Mutation

Mutualism

Mutualisme

Mycelium

Mycélium

Molecular weight Monosa ccharides Monounsaturated fatty acid

216

Guhinduka kw’ikinyabuzima Kungukira mu mibanire y’ibinyabuzima bibiri bitandukanye Igice kimwe mu bigize uruhumbu

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Ubwoko bw’ibinyabuzima bito cyane Ibisigisigi bw’ubumara bw’uruhumbu Bumwe mu bumara bw’uruhumbu Ubwoko bwa poroteyine iba mu mitsi (ritanga ibara ritukura mu nyama)

Mycoplasma

Mycotoxin residues

Résidus de mycotoxine

Mycotoxins

Mycotoxines

Myoglobin

Myoglobine

Negative staining

Coloration négative Gusiga ibara negatifu

Neutrophile

Nigrosin

Nigrosine

Ninhydrin

Ninhydrine

Nitrate reduction test

Essai de réduction de nitrate

Nitrogen

Azote

Nitrogen combustion Non enzymatic browning

Combustion d’azote Brunissement non enzymatique

Nonmotile

Immobile

Non-polar substance Non-reducing sugar Non-selective media Non-volitile compounds

Substance non polaire Sucre nonréducteur Milieux non sélectifs Composés nonvolatile

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bw’intangabara mu migera

Azote Gutwika azote Gusa n’ikigina bidaterwa n’imisemburo Kitanyeganyega

Ubwoko bw’isukari Ahahingwa imigera yose nta vangura Kitahinduka umwuka

217

FOOD ANALYSIS

Normality

Normalité

Uburyo bwo kubara ubwinshi bw’ikintu runaka muri gisukika

Nosepiece

Porte-objectifs

Igice cya mikorosikope

Nucleoid

Nucléoide

Intima idafite agahu ’

Nutrient agar

Agar nutritif

Nutrient broth

Bouillon nutritif

Objective lens

Objectif

Obligate aerobes

Aérobie obligatoire

Odor

Odeur

Impumuro

Oil

Huile

Amavuta

Oil stability index

Index de stabilité d’huile

Oligosaccharides

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Optical density

Densité optique

Uguhitisha/ ukunyunyuza urumuri

Organic compounds

Composés organiques

Organic solute

Soluté organique

Organic solvent

Solvant organique

Osmosis

Osmose

Osmotic tolerance

Tolérance osmotique

218

Ahantu hahingwa umugera wongeyemo intungamubiri Igifite intungamubiri zisabwa, gisukika, gikoreshwa mu guhinga imigera cyangwa ibinyabuzima bito cyane Kimwe mu bice bigize mikorosikopi Ibinyabuzima biba/ bikura ahari umwuka gusa

Osimoze/Kwinjira kw’amazi mu ngirabika

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Outbreak

Déclenchement/ Début

Icyorezo/Ikiza

Oven

Four

Ifuru

Oxidation

Oxydation

Oxidative rancidity

Rancidité oxydante

Paper towel

Papier-serviette

Parafilm

Parafilme

Parasite

Passive transport

Transport passif

Pathogen

Pathogène

Pathogenicity

Pathogénicité

Pectin

Pectine

Pectinase

Penicillin

Pénicilline

Peptidoglycan

Peptidoglycane

Peptone

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Gutwikwa na ogusijeni/ Gutwika hakoreshejwe ogusijeni Kwangirika kw’amavuta biturutse ku gutwikwa na ogusijeni Seriviyete Agashashi korohereye kabugenewe gakoreshwa mu gufubika/gupfundikira ibintu muri laboratwari Ikinyabuzima kibeshwaho n’ibindi binyabuzima/Indiririzi Gutwara nta ngufu zikoreshejwe Mikorobi zitera indwara/Igihumanya/ Igitera indwara Ugutera indwara kwa mikorobi Ubwoko bw’isukari Ubwoko bw’umusemburo Pensilini Ubwoko bw’ikinyabutabire mu ruhu rw’umugera

219

FOOD ANALYSIS

Peroxidase activity determination

Détermination de l’activité de peroxydase

Peroxide value

Indice de peroxyde

Pesticide

Umuti wica udukoko

Pesticide residue

Résidu de pesticide

Ibisigisigi by’imiti yica udukoko

Pestle

Pilon

Umuhini

Petri dish

Boîte de Pétri

Ubwoko bw’igikoresho cyo muri laboratuwari

Petroleum ether

Ether de pétrole

Ikigero cy’ubusharire/ Igipimo cy’ubukare

pH indicator paper

Solutions tampon de pH Papier indicateur de pH

Phagocytosis

Phagocytose

Phase-contrast microscope

Microscope à contraste de phase

Phenol

Phénol

pH buffers

Phenol sulfuric acid essay Phenolics

Dosage du complexa cid sulfuric-phenol Composés phénoliques

Ubwoko bwa mikorosikopi

Uburyo bwo gususuma amasukari mu bintu

Phenolphthalein

Phénol-phtaléine

Phenotype

Phénotype

Ingaragazasano y’inkomoko/Isura y’ikinyabuzima

pHmeter

pHmètre

Igipimabukare

Phospholipids

Phospholipides

220

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Photoautotroph

Photo-autotrophe

Phyla

Phylums

Pili

Pipette

Pipette bulb

Pipette à ampoule

Plaque

Plasma membrane

Membrane plasmatique

Plasmid

Plasmide

Plate count

Plate count agar

Comptage sur plaque Agar pour le comptage (de bactéries) sur plaque

Ikinyabuzima cyigaburira gikoresheje ibiva ku zuba n’urumuri Icyiciro cy’ibinyabuzima Ubwoya bw’’imwe mu migera Agakoresho ko muri laboratuwari Agakoresho kifashishwa mu gupima ibisukika muri laboratwari gafite indiba ifukuye Agakoresho ko muri laboratuwari Rumwe mu mpu zizengurutse ingirabuzima fatizo Ubwoko bwa ADN ziba muri imwe mu migera Bumwe mu buryo bwo kubara imigera Uburyo bwo kubara imigera Guhinduka mu bunini no mw’isura bya mikorobi

Pleomorphism

Pléomorphisme

Polar substances

Substances polaires

Polarity

Polarité

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Electrophorèse sur gel de polycrylamide

Uburyo gususuma poroteyine

Polysaccharides

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

221

FOOD ANALYSIS

Polystyrene weighing dishes

Plats pour peser en polystyrène

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

Acide gras polyinsaturé

Potash

Potasse

Potassium hydroxide

Hydroxyde de potassium

Igikoresho cyo muri laboratuwari gikoresha mu gupima ibiro Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu zigize amavuta Ubwoko bw’umunyu wifitemo potasiyumu

Kwitandukanya kw’ikintu runaka n’ibindi byari mu mvange imwe (kwikeneka kw’ikintu cyari mu gisukika) Gituma ibintu bihunitse bitangirika/Kirinda kwangirika/Gifata neza/ Kibungabunga Ubwoko bw’imigera irangwa no kutagira intima igaragra

Precipitation

Précipitation

Preservative

Conservant

Prokaryote

Prophage

Virusi yica umugera

Prophylaxis

Prophylaxie

Ugukumira

Propionic acid

Acide propionique

Protein

Protéine

Poroteyine

Protein denaturation

Dénaturation de protéine

Protein quality

Qualité de protéine

Guhinduka mu miterere ya proteyine Ubwiza bwa poroteyine runaka

Protein structure

Structure de protéine

222

Imiterere ya poroteyine

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Protist

Protiste

Psychrophile

Psychrotolerant

Psychrotolérant

Psychrotroph

Psychrotrophe

Pure culture

Culture pure

Purification

Pycnometer

Pycnomètre

Pyrolysis

Pyrolyse

Qualitative analysis Quantitative analysis

Analyse qualitative Analyse quantitative

Rack

Support

Rancidity

Rancidité

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bw’ibinyabuzima bito cyane bikunda kuba ahantu hari amazi Umugera cyangwa mikorobi bikunda igipimo cy’ubushyuhe kiri hasi Umugera cyangwa mikorobi byihanganira igipimo cy’ubushyuhe kiri hasi Umugera cyangwa mikorobi zikura ku gipimo cy’ubushyuhe kiri hasi Imigera yahinzwe itavangiwe Gukura ubwandu bwose mu kintu Igipimo gifasha mu gupima ireme ry’ibisukika/ry’amafu Guhinduka k’ubutabire kw’ikintu bitewe n’ubushyuhe Isuzuma ubwiza bw’ikintu Isuzuma ry’ingano/ ubwinshi bw’ikintu Utuntu twabugenewe duterekwaho ibintu muri laboratwari/Urutereko Kwangirika/Gupfa kw’amavuta

223

FOOD ANALYSIS

Igikorwa gihuza ibintu byibuze bibiri mu butabire

Reaction

Réaction

Reagent

Réactif

Reducing sugar

Sucre réducteur

Reduction

Réduction

Refractive index

Indice de réfraction

Refractometer

Réfractomètre

Refrigerator

Réfrigérateur

Icyuma gipima urugero rw’isukari mu bisukika Firigo

Replicate

Replicat

Gisubiwemo

Resazurin

Resazurine

Umuti wifashishwa nko mu gupima ubwandure bw’amata

Resolution

Résolution

Urugero rwo kubonesha

Resolving power

Puissance de résolution

Ubushobozi bw’ibonesha/ bw’igaragaza (nk’ubwa mikorosikopi)

Retrogradation

Rétrogradation

Retrovirus

Rétrovirus

Ubwoko bwa virusi

Rheology

Rhéologie

Imiterere y’ibisukika

Support en forme d’anneau Appui en forme d’anneau

Ingata yo muri laboratwari Ingata yo muri laboratwari

Rod

Barre/Bâtonnet

agakoni

Round bottom flask

Flacon au fond rond

Igikoresho cyo gupima muri laboratwari

Rubber

Caoutchouc

Kawucu

Ring stand Ring support

224

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Rubber gloves Rubber stopper Rubber tube

Gants en caoutchouc Bouchon en caoutchouc Tuyauterie en caoutchouc

Imfurebantoki zikoze muri kawucu Udufuniko dukozwe muri kawucu Amatiyo yo muri kawucu Ibirahure byifashishwa mu gukingira amaso muri laboratwari Umuti wifashishwa mu guha ibara imigera kugirango igaragare muri mikorosikopi mu gihe biga imiterere yayo Indwara iterwa na mikorobi yitwa Salmonella

Safety glasses

Verres de sécurité

Safranin

Safranine

Salmonellosis

Salmonellose

Salt

Sel

Umunyu

Salt determination

Détermination de sel

Gusuzuma urugerorw’umunyu

Salting out

Salage

Gukuramo umunyu

Solution tampon pour échantillon Collection d’échantillon Conservation d’échantillon Dilution d’échantillon Manipulation d’échantillon/ Manutention d’échantillon Hygiène/ Assainissement

Igisukika kibikwamo urwitegererezo Gukusanya urwitegererezo Kubika urwitegererezo mu buryo rutangirika Gufungura urwitegererezo

Sample buffer Sample collection Sample conservation Sample dilution Sample handling Sanitation

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Gutwara no kubika urwitegererezo Isukura

225

FOOD ANALYSIS

Saponification value

Agents d’assainissement Indice de saponification

Saprobe

Saprophyte

Saturated fatty acid

Acide gras saturé

Scorching

Brûlant/Ardent

Sedimentation

Sédimentation

Selective media

Milieux sélectifs

Serial dilutions

Dilutions en série

Silica gel

Gel de silice

Simple microscope

Microscope simple

Simple staining

Coloration simple

Sink forcet

Forcet d’évier

Size exclusion chromatography

Chromatographie d’exclusion de taille

Slide

Lame

Sanitizer

226

Igikoreshwa mu isukura Ikigero cyo guhinduka nk’isabune Ikinyabuzima gitungwa n’ibiva mu bindi binyabuzima byapfuye Ikinyabuzima gitungwa n’ibiva mu bindi binyabuzima byapfuye Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu zigize amavuta Gitwika Kwitandukanya kw’ibintu biremereye bikirunda mu ndiba/ Kwikeneka Ahahingwa umugera w’ubwoko runaka Bumwe mu buryo bwo gufungura Ubwoko bwa mikorosikopi Uburyo bwo gusiga ibara Aho bogereza ibintu

Akarahure kifashishwa muri laboratwari mu kwiga umugera

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Slime layer

Couche visqueuse

Smear

Frottis

Agashishwa karenduka kavuburwa na bagiteri Bumwe mu buryo bwo guhinga umugera Urugera/Umunyu utekwa

Sodium hydroxide

Chlorure de sodium Sulfate dodécylique de sodium Hydroxyde de sodium

Solid

Solide

Gikomeye/Kidasukika

Solid media

Milieux de culture solides

Ahahingwa imigera hatagizwe n’amazi hakomeye

Solid phase extraction

Extraction en phase solide

Solidification

Solute

Soluté

Solution

igisukika

Solvent

Solvant/Dissolvant

Kiyengesha

Soxhlet apparatus

Appareillage de Soxhlet

Soxhlet Lipid extraction method

Méthode d’extraction de lipides par Soxhlet

Spatula

Spatule

Species

Espèce

Sodium chloride Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Gukomera kw’ikintu cyasukikaga Ikintu kitarayenga kiri mu gisukika

Igikoresho cyifashishwa mu gusuzuma amavuta mu kintu runaka Bumwe mu buryo bwo gukura amavuta mu kintu runaka (ikiribwa....) Akayiko gato gakoreshwa muri laboratwari Icyiciro cy’umugera/ Ubwoko 227

FOOD ANALYSIS

Specific gravity

densité

Specimen

Spécimen

Spectrophotometer

Spectrophotomètre

Spectroscopy

Spectroscopie

Spirilla

Spirilles

Ubwoko bw’imigera

Spirochetes

Spirochètes

Ubwoko bw’imigera

Sponge

Eponge

Sporangium

Spores

Amagi y’uruhumbu

Spread plate technique

Technique de propagation sur plaque

Uburyo bwo guhinga imigera

Stain

Tache/Coloration

Ibara

staining

Coloration

Guha ibara bagiteri kugira ngo zigaragare mikorosikopi

Staining

Coloration

Gusiga ibara

Standard curve

Courbe standard

Standard plate count

Comptage sur plaque standard

228

Ireme Impamyashusho/ Urwitegererezo Igikoresho cyo muri laboratwari Ubumenyi bwo kwiga ibigize ikintu runaka hakoreshejwe imirasire

Igikoresho cyumutsa kinywa amazi Akabumbe gakorwa na bimwe mu binyabuzima nk’ibuhumyo kakaba kanakora nk’imbuto yabyo

Umurongo ngenderwaho/ Umurongo fatizo Uburyo bwo guhinga umugera cyangwa izindi mikorobi

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Standard protein

Protéine standard

Poroteyine yifashishwa mu gupima izindi poroteyine

Starch

Amidon

Amido

Stationary phase

Phase stationnaire

Sterilants

Stérilisants

Sterilization

Stérilisation

Sterols

Stérols

Stock culture

Culture stock

Imigera ibitswe

Stopwatch

Chronomètre

Imbaragihe

Strain

Souche

Icyiciro cy’umugera

Streak-plate technique

Technique de frottis sur plaque/ lamelle

Strict anaerobes

Anaérobes strictes

Subculture

Culture secondaire

Sublimation

Imwe muri tekiniki zikoreshwa mu guhinga umugera/mikorobi Mikorobi ziba/zikura ahatari umwuka na muke gusa Uburyo bwunganira bwo guhinga umugera cyangwa izindi mikorobi Ihinduka ry’ibintu ibisukika mu mwuka (bitabanje gushonga) Kudubika muri siro y’isukari

Sulfur dioxide dip

Immersion dans un sirop de sucre Immersion dans du dioxyde de soufre

Sulfuric acid

Acide sulfurique

Sugar syrup dip

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Kimwe mu byiciro by’imikurire y’imigera Ibyifashishwa kugirango hicwe imigera mu ikintu Kwica mikorobi hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe/ Irimburamikorobi

229

FOOD ANALYSIS

Supercritical CO2 Supercritical fluid extraction

CO2 supercritique Extraction liquide supercritique

Supernatant

Surnageant

Ibireremba

Support stand

Support

Agakoresho gashyigikira/kunganira

Surface growth Surface tension Surfactant

Croissance extérieure (de surface) Tension superficielle

Imikurire yo hanze (ahagaragara)

Agent tensio-actif IpambaUdukoresho twifashishwa mu gufata urwitegererezo rwa mikorobi Umubano wungukiramo impande zombi Ikomatanyirizwa hamwe ry’imbaraga Ubwoko bw’ahahingwa umugera hagizwe n’ibinyabutabire bizwi

Swab

Ecouvillon

Symbiosis

Symbiose

Synergism

Synergisme

Synthetic medium

Milieu synthétique

Syringe

Seringue

Urushinge/Iserenge

Tare

Taxonomy

Taxonomie

Test tube

Tube à essai

Test tube brush

Brosse pour tube à essai

Ingero z’ireme bwite Ubumenyi bwo gushyira ibinyabuzima mu byiciro no kubyita amazina Kimwe mu bikoresho byo muri laboratwari Akaroso kifashishwa mu koza ibikoresho muri laboratwari

230

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Inyabune/Ibintu bifatanye cyangwa bibanye ari bine Imimerere/imiterere y’ibifatika Igikoresho cyifashishwa mu gupima urugero rw’ubushyuhe Mikorobi zikura mu bushyuhe bwo ku gipimo cyo hejuru Mikorobi cyangwa ikindi kintu kiticwa/ kidahungabanywa n’ubushyuhe Isaha/Igikoresho cyo kubara igihe Icyavuye ku rugingo runaka rw’inyamaswa cyangwa igihingwa

Tetrad

Tétrade

Texture

Thermometer

Thermomètre

Thermophile

Thermostable

Timer

Minuteur

Tissue extract

Extrait de tissu

Titratable acidity

Acidité titrable

Titration

Gupima/Ipima

Total nitrogen

Azote total

Azote yose

Total protein

Protéine totale

Poroteyine yose

Total solids

Solides totaux

Ibikomeye byose

Total soluble solids

Solides solubles totaux

Toxin

Toxine

Trace elements

Oligoéléments

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ibifatika byivanga (byayonga) n’amazi byose Ubumara bukorwa n’umugera Intungamubiri zisangwa/ zikenerwa ku rugero ruto mu kintu/muntu

231

FOOD ANALYSIS

Transduction

Ihana rya ADN hagati y’imigera hakoreshejwe virusi

Transformation

Ihinduka/Ihindura

Transport media

Milieux de transport

Ahantu habugenewe bahinga mikorobi kugirango bazimure

Triacylglycerols

Triacylglycérols

Ubwoko bw’amavuta

Tryptic soy broth

Bouillon tryptique de soja

Ubwoko bw’ibihingwamo mikorobi

Turbidity

Turbidité

Kidacayutse

Tweezers

Pince a épiler

Ultrafiltration

Ultraviolet absorption Unsaponifiable matter

Absorption ultraviolette Matière non saponifiable

Unsaturated fatty acid

Acide gras insaturé

Urase test

Essai d’Urase

Vacuum

Sous vide

Ahatari umwuka

Vacuum oven

Four sous vide

Ubwoko bw’ifuru

Vacuum pump

Pompe sous vide

Ubwoko bw’ipombo

Vaporization

Vaporisation

Vegetative cell

Cellule végétative

232

Udukoresho two muri laboratwari two gufatisha/guteruza Kuyungurura bikuramo utuntu duto cyane Inyunyuza ry’urumuri/ imirasire Ibidahinduka nk’isabune Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu zigize amavuta

Uguhinduka umwuka kw’ibisukika bitewe n’ubushyushe Ingirabuzima fatizo y’ikimera

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FOOD ANALYSIS

Viable

Kizima/Gifite ubuzima

Viable count

Nombre de cellule viable

Umubare wa mMikorobi nzima zabazwe

Virulence

Ubukana

Virus

Virusi

Viscometer

Viscomètre

Igikoresho cyo gupima uburenduke

Viscosity

Viscosité

Uburenduke

Volatile compounds

Composés volatiles

Volumetric flask

Ballon jaugé

Vortex mixer

Mélangeur par vortex

Ibintu bisukika bihinduka umwuka Igikoresho cyo muri laboratwari Igikoresho kivanga/ gicugusa

Vortexing

Mélange par vortex

Kuvanga/Gucugusa

Water activity

Activité de l’eau

Water bath

Bain-Marie

Water binding

Liaison avec l’eau

Water content

Teneur en eau

Water holding capacity Water soluble vitamins

Wavelength

Capacité de retention d’eau Vitamines hydrosolubles Maladies transmises par l’eau Longueur d’onde

Wax pencil

Crayon de cire

Waterborne diseases

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Igikoresho gishyushya amazi Ubushobozi bwo kwivanga/gufatana n’amazi Ingano y’amazi mu kintu runaka Ubushobozi bwo kugumana amazi Vitamine zivanga n’amazi Indwara ziva ku mazi yanduye Ikaramu ikoze mu bishashara 233

FOOD ANALYSIS

Weighing paper

Papier de pesage

Well isolated colony

Colonie bien isolée

Whatman filter paper

Papier filtre de Whatman

Wooden applicator

Applicateur en bois

Yeast

Levure

Yeast extract

Extrait de levure

234

Urupapuro rwabugenewe rukoreshwa mu gupima ibintu muri laboratwari Umugina w’imigera witaruye Urupapuro rwabugenewe rukoreshwa mu kuyungurura muri laboratwari Agakoresho ko muri laboratwari gakoze mu giti Umusemburo Ubwoko bw’umusemburo

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FATS AND OILS

FAT AND OILS

ENGLISH

FRANÇAIS

Acetic anhydride

Anhydride acétique

Acetyl value Acid value

Indice d’acétyle/ Teneur en acetyle Indice d’acidité/ Teneur en acide

Adipose tissues

Tissus adipeux

Alkali refining

Raffinage par alcalins

Alpha carotene

Alpha-carotène

Alpha-linolenic acid

Acide alphalinolénique

KINYARWANDA

Igipimo/Ikigero cy’asidite (ubusharire) Ibice by’umubiri bibamo ibinure

Intangabara y’ibara rya oranje mu bihingwa, itanga na vitamine A Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu Agapapuro ka aluminiyumu kifashishwa mu gufunika ibintu

Aluminum foil

Papier d’aluminium

Ammonium hydroxide

Hydroxyde d’ammonium

Anhydrous

Anhydre

Cyitifitemo amazi

Animal depot lipids

Dépots de lipides animaux

Ibinure biba/bisangwa mu nyamaswa

Animal fat

Graisse animale

Ibinure by’inyamaswa

Animal feeds Anisidine value Antioxidant

Aliments pour animaux Indice d’anisidine/ Teneur en anisidine Antioxydant

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ibiryo by’inyamaswa

Kibuza kwangizwa n’umwuka wa ogusijene

235

FAT AND OILS

Ubwoko bw’aaside nyarugimbu Ubwoko bw’aaside nyarugimbu

Arachidic acid

Acide arachidique

Arachidonic acid

Acide arachidonique

Ascorbic acid

Acide ascorbique

Autooxidation

Autooxydation

Baking shortening

Matière grasse utilisée en boulangerie

Beef tallow

Suif de boeuf

Behenic acid

Acide béhénique

Beta carotene

Bêta carotène

Biscuit cream

Biscuit à crème

Bleacher

Blanchisseur

Bleaching

Blanchissement

Bleaching earth

Terre de blanchissement

Ku butaka ahakorerwa ikuraho ry’ibara cyangwa ahahidurirwa ibara rikaba umweru

Buffalo milk

Lait de bufflonne

Amata y’imbogo

Butter

Beurre

Amavuta y’inka

Butter churner

Barratte de beurre

Butter grains

Grains de beurre

236

Vitamine C Kwangirika kw’ikintu bitewe n’umwuka wa ogusijene Ubwoko bw’amavuta afasha bwifashishwa mu gukora imigati Ubwoko bw’ibinure biva mu nka Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu Ibisuguti birimo kereme/insosere Umuti ukuraho ibara cyangwa uhindura ibintu umweru Gukuraho ibara cyangwa guhindura ibintu umweru

Imashini yifashishwa mu gucunda/Igisabo Utubumbe tw’amavuta yo mu mata Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FAT AND OILS

Buttermilk

Babeurre

Amacunda

Cake cooler

Refroidisseur de la tarte

Cake crusher

Broyeur de la tarte

Gukonjesha ibikatsi byo mu mavuta Igisya ibikatsi byo mu mavuta

Canola oil

Huile de canola

Capric acid

Acide caprique

Caprylic acid

Acide caprylique

Caramel

Isukari ikaranze

Carbonyl compounds

Composés carbonyliques

Ibintu byifitemo karuboni

Carotenes

Carotènes

Carotenoids

Carotenoïdes

Catalyst

Catalyseur

Catalytic hydrogenation

Hydrogénation catalytique

Caustic refining

Raffinage caustique

Caustic soda

Soude caustique

Cavity wall fat

Graisse sous-cutanée

Centrifugal separator Chlorophyll pigments Chocolate coating

Séparateur centrifuge

Amavuta ya kanola Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu

Cyihutisha ihinduka nyabutabire mu bintu

Ibinure biboneka munsi y’uruhu Imashini itandukanya ibintu ibikaraga

Colorants de chlorophylle

Nyarwatsi

Enduit de chocolat

Shokola isigwa ku biribwa

Churning

Barattage

Gucunda

Cis isomer

Isomère cis

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

237

FAT AND OILS

Cis- fatty acid

Acide gras cis

Cloud point (°C) Point de trouble (°C)

Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu zigize amavuta Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe aho amavuta atangira kuzamo ibidobogo

Cocoa butter

Beurre de cacao

Amavuta ya kakawo

Cocoa butter equivalents Cocoa butter substitutes

Equivalents du beurre de cacao Substituts du beurre de cacao Huile de noix de coco Huile de foie de morue

Ubwoko bw’amavuta asa n’aya kakawo Amavuta asimbura aya kakawo Amavuta y‘imbuto za kakawo Amavuta ava mu mwijima w’ifi Aho babika ibintu hakonjeshejwe Gukanda/gukamura ibintu bigikonje Igikoresho cyifashishwa mu gupima ibara

Coconut oil Cod liver oil Cold store

Entrepôt frigorifique

Cold-pressing

Pressage à froid

Color lovibond

Couleur lovibon

Color pigments

Colorants/Pigments de couleur

Ibitanga/ibyongera ibara

Compound lipids

Lipides composés/ Lipides complexes

Ubwoko bw’amavuta

Confectionaries

Confiseries

Confectionery fats Conjugated diene 238

Bombo n’ibindi bisa nazo Ibinure/Amavuta akoreshwa mu biribwa Graisses de confiserie nka za bombo n’ibindi bisa nazo Diène conjugué Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FAT AND OILS

Conjugated linoleic acid

Acide linoléique conjugué

Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu

Continuous

Continu

Kidahagarara/Kitaretsa

Cooking oil

Huile de cuisine

Amavuta yo guteka

Corn kernel oil

Huile de graines de maïs

Corn oil

Huile de maïs

Cottonseed oil

Huile de coton

Crack

Fissurer

Cream

Crème

Cream acidity

Acidité de la crème

Cream ageing

Maturation/Affinage de crème

Cream fillings

Garnitures à la crème

Cream standardization

Standardisation/ Normalisation de la crème

Creamery method

Méthode industrielle de fabricant de la crème

Crismer value

Valeur de Crismer

Amavuta ava mu ntete z’ibigori Amavuta ava mu bigori Amavuta ava mu ipamba Kumanyura imbuto mbere yo kuzikuramo amavuta Kereme (amavuta akorwa mu mata)/ Insosere Ubusharire bwa kereme/bw’insosere Gutara kereme/ insosere Kereme/Insosere igenewe kongerwa ku biribwa Kuringaniza igipimo cy’amavuta mu nsosere/muri kereme Uburyo bwo gukora amavuta yo mu mata bukoreshwa mu nganda zabugenewe Igipimo gipima uko amavuta yivanga (n’ibyo ashobora kwivanga nabyo)

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

239

FAT AND OILS

Ibinure bitaratunganywa Amavuta ataratunganywa Gutereka amavuta kugira ngo amere neza

Crude fat

Graisse brute

Crude oil

Huile brute

Crude oil conditioning

Traitement de l’huile brute

Crystallized fat

Graisse cristallisée

Crystallizer

Crystalliseur

Dairy blend

Mélange laitier

Dairy spreads

Produit laitier à tartiner

Deacidification

Désacidification

Gukuramo ubusharire

Decolorization

Décoloration

Gukuraho ibara

Decortication

Décortication

Gutonora

Deep fat frying Degrading oil Degumming

Imvange y’ibikomoka ku mata Ibikomoka ku mata bishobora gusingwa ku mugati

Friture profonde avec de la graisse Graisse Gukaranga mu mavuta de friture profonde Amavuta ari Huile en dégradation kwangirika Gukuramo ibintu Dégommage/ bimeze nk’umurenda Démucilagination mu mavuta

Dehulling

Décorticage

Deodorised oil

Huile désodorisée

Deodorization

Désodorisation

Derived lipids

Lipides dérivés

Deshi method

Méthode de Deshi

Dessolve

Dissoudre

240

Gutonora Amavuta yakuwemo impumuro runaka Gukuramo impumuro runaka Ubwoko bw’amavuta Kuyenga

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FAT AND OILS

De-waxing

Déparaffinage

Diacylglycerol

Diacylglycérol

Dielectric constant Edible animal fats

Constante diélectrique Graisses animales comestibles

Edible oil

Huile de table

Amavuta aribwa

Egg lecithin

Lécithine de l’oeuf

Ubwoko bw’amavuta aba mu magi

Résistivité électrique

Ubushobozi bw’ikintu bwo kubuza amashanyarazi gutambuka

Electrical resistivity

Gukuraho Ibishashara Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu Amavuta aturuka ku nyamaswa aribwa

Gifasha amavuta kwivanga neza n’ibisukika Kongerera imisemburo ubushobozi bwo gukora ikintu runaka

Emulsifier

Emulsifiant

Enzymatic enhancement

Amélioration enzymatique

Enzymatic interesterification

Interestérification enzymatique

Essential fatty acids

Acides gras essentiels

Esterification

Estérification

Esters of sterol

Ester des stérol

Expelling

Expulser

Kunyenya

Extraction

Gukamura

Fat

Graisse/Lipide/ Matière grasse

Amavuta/Ibinure

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu zigize amavuta ziba zikenewe cyane

241

FAT AND OILS

Fat crystal growth Fat crystallization

Croissance de cristaux de graisse Cristallisation de la graisse

Fat crystals

Cristaux de graisse

Fat globules

Globules de graisse

Udusoro two mu mavuta

Fat melting

Fonte de la graisse/ Fonte de la matière grasse

Kuyenga kw’ibinure/ kw’amavuta

Fat polymorphism

Polymorphisme de la graisse

Fat rendering

Extraction de la graisse

Ukugira imiterere myinshi kw’ibinure/ amavuta Gukura amavuta mu ngirabika

Fatty acid

Acide gras

Aside nyarugimbu

Fatty tissues

Tissus gras

Fiber separator

Séparateur de fibre

Fish oil

Huile de poissons

Flaking

Ecaillement/ Ecaillage

Flaking oil seeds

Graines oléagineuses d’écaillement

Food emulsifier

Emulsifiant d’origine alimentaire

Fractionation

Fractionnement

Gucamo ibice

Free fatty acid

Acide gras libre

Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu

242

Ingirabika zifitemo ibinure Icyuma gitandukanya ubukoco Amavuta ava mu mafi Gukora ibiribwa bimeze nk’injugu (mu mbuto nk’ibigori n’ibindi) Imbuto zivamo amavuta zikorwamo injuguri Ibifasha amavuta kwivanga neza n’amazi bisangwa mu biribwa

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FAT AND OILS

Free radical

Radical libre

Fresh oil

Huile fraiche

Amavuta akiri mashya

Frying oil

Huile de friture

Amavuta yo gukaranga

Frying shortenings

Friture

Full-pressing

pressage à fond

Ghee

Glutathione

Glutathion

Glycerides

Glycérides

Gossypol

Granular crystals

Cristaux granulaires

Granulation

Groundnut oil

Huile d’arachide

Gummy substance

Substance collante

Halphen test

Essai d’Halphen

Hardstock

Phase grasse solide

Healthy oil

Huile saine/Graisse saine

Heat capacity

Capacité thermique

Heat of combustion

Chaleur de combustion

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Amavuta afashe yo mu bihingwa akoreshwa mu gukaranga Gukanda/Gukamura ukamaramaza Ikimuri amavuta

Kugabanya Ingano y’ikintu (guhinduramo utuntu duto) Amavuta ava mu bunyobwa Umurenda Igice gifashe cyamavuta Amavuta agirira neza ubuzima bw’uyariye Ubushobozi bwo gushyushya Ingufu z’ubushyuhe zikenewe kugirango ikintu gikongoke/ gishirire

243

FAT AND OILS

Ubushyuhe bukenerwa kugirango ikintu runaka gishonge

Heat of fusion

Chaleur de fusion

Hexane

High-oleic oil

Huile à teneur élevée en acide oléique

Ubwoko bw’amavuta

Humectant

Agent mouillant

Ikintu gitosa

Hydratable phosphatides

Phosphatides hydratables

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbures

Hydrocyclone

Hydrogen peroxide

Peroxyde d’hydrogène

Hydrogenation

Hydrogénation

Hydrolases

Hydrolysis

Hydrolyse

Hydrolytic rancidity

Rancidité hydrolytique

Ice cream

Crème glacée

Inedible animal lipids

Lipides animaux non comestibles

Inedible lipids

Lipides non comestibles

Interesterification Interfacial tension Intermuscular fat 244

Kongermo Ubwoko bw’imisemburo Gushwanyagurika kw’ikintu mu mazi Kwangirika kw’amavuta mu mazi arimo imisemburo Ubwoko bw’amavuta ava mu nyamaswa ataribwa Ubwoko bw’amavuta ataribwa

Interestérification Tension interfaciale Graisse intermusculaire

Ibinure byo hagati y’imitsi

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FAT AND OILS

Intramuscular fat

Graisse intramusculaire

Ibinure byo mu mitsi

Intraskeletal fat

Graisse intra osseuse

Ibinure byo mu rutirigongo

Iodine number

Indice d’iode

Igipimo cya iyode

Iodine value

Indice d’iode

Igipimo cya iyode

Isomerization

Isomérisation

Guhinduka kw’imiterere y’ikintu

Isopropanol

Ketonic rancidity

Rancidité cétonique

Bumwe mu buryo bw’iyangirika ry’amavuta

Lard

Saindoux

Amavuta y’ingurube

Lauric acid

Acide laurique

Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu

Lauric oil

Huile laurique

Ubwoko bw’amavuta

Lecithin

Lécithine

Ubwoko bw’amavuta

Lignoceric acid

Acide lignocérique

Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu

Linola oil

Huile de linola

Amavuta ya linola

Linoleic acid

Acide linoléique

Linolenic acid

Acide linolénique

Linseed oil

Huile de lin

Lipase activity

Activité de la lipase

Lipase inactivation

Inactivation de la lipase

Lipid peroxide

Peroxyde de lipide

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bwa aside zigize amavuta Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu Amavuta ya lini Imikorere y’imisemburo icagagura amavuta Guhagarika imikorere y’imisemburo icagagura amavuta

245

FAT AND OILS

Imikorere y’’imisemburo icagagura amavuta Ubwoko bw’imisemburo icagagura amavuta Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu zigize amavuta

Lipoxygenase activity

Activité de la lipoxygénase

Lipoxygenases

Lipoxygénases

Long-chain fatty acids

Acides gras à longue chaîne

Margarine

Margarine plasticization

Plastification de margarine

Mayonnaise

Mayoneze

Meat fats

Graisses de viande

Ibinure byo mu nyama

Medium-chain fatty acids

Acides gras à chaîne moyenne

Melting point

Point de fusion

Mesentary fat

Graisse mésentère

Milk fat Miscella Mixed fatty glycerides Monoacylglycerols

Marigarine

Matières grasses du lait Miscella/Solution d’huile et solvent Glycérides gras mélangés

Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu zigize amavuta Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe aho ikintu runaka kiyengera Ibinure byo mu kiziba cy’inda Amavuta yo mu mata Amavuta ataratunganywa neza Ubwoko bw’amavuta

Monoacylglycérol

Ubwoko bw’amavuta

Mucilaginous substance

Substance mucilagineuse

Ibintu birenduka (biba bikikije imbuto zimwe na zimwe)

Mustard oil

Huile de moutarde

Amavuta ya mutaride

246

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FAT AND OILS

Ubwoko bw’amavuta ava mu ntama Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu

Mutton tallow

Suif de mouton

Myristic acid

Acide myristique

Myristoleic acid

Acide myristoléique

Neutral oil

Huile neutre

Ubwoko bw’amavuta

Neutralisation

Kunetraliza/Kubuza/ Kugabanya ubukana bw’ubusharire bwaje mu mavuta

Nonhydratable phosphatides

Phosphatides non hydratables Queue non polaire/ Queue apolaire

Non-polar tail Non-starch lipids

Lipides sans amidon

Amavuta atarimo amido

Nucleation

Nucléation

Ikorwa rya nuwayo

Nut cracking

Craquage de noix

Kumanyura urubuto

Off-flavors

Altération du goût

Impumuro mbi

Oil

Huile

Amavuta

Oil fractionation

Fractionnement d’huile

Oil clarification

Clarification d’huile

Oil composition Oil consistency

Composition de l’huile Consistance de l’huile

Gucayura amavuta Ibigize amavuta Imemerere y’amavuta

Oil density

Densité d’huile

Imikamukire y’amavuta

Oil expression

Expression d’huile

Uburyo bwo gukamura amavuta

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

247

FAT AND OILS

Oil extraction

Extraction d’huile

Gukamura amavuta

Oil filtration

Filtration d’huile

Kuyungurura amavuta Aho amavuta ashobora kwaka umuriro

Oil flavor

Point d’enflammage d’huile Point d’inflammabilité d’huile Saveur d’huile

Oil impurities

Impuretés d’huile

Imyanda mu mavuta

Oil fire point Oil flash point

Oil in water emulsion Oil interesterification Oil neutralization

Emulsion à base d’eau et d’huile Emulsion de l’huile dans l’eau Interestérification de lhuile Neutralisation de lhuile

Oil pour point

Point d’écoulement d’une huile

Oil refining

Raffinage d’huile

Oil smoke point

Point de fumée dhuile

Oil stability

Stabilité d’huile

Oil viscosity

Viscosité d’huile

Oilcake

Tourteau

Oil-insoluble soap

Savon insolubles dans l’huile

248

Aho amavuta ashobora kwaka umuriro Icyanga cy’amavuta

Kugabanya ubusharire mu mavuta Urugero/igipimo cy’ubushyuhe aho amavuta atangira kuyenga Kunoza amavuta mu gihe bari kuyatunganya mu nganda Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe aho amavuta acumba umwotsi Kutangirika kw’amavuta Irenduka ry’amavuta Ibikatsibyakuwemo amavuta Amasabune ativanga n’amavuta

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FAT AND OILS

Oil-in-water emulsion

Emulsion d’huile dans l’eau

Oilseed crops

Cultures oléagineuses

Oleic acid

Acide oléique

Olive oil

Huile d’olive

Omega-3 fatty acids Omega-6 fatty acids Orthophosphoric acid

Acides gras omega-3 Acides gras omega-6

Ibihingwa bifite imbuto zitanga/zivamo amavuta Ubwoko bwa aside zigize amavuta Amavuta ya elayo/ Olive Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu

Acide orthophosphorique

Oxidation

Oxydation

Oxidation volatile products

Produits d’oxydation volatils

Oxidizing agent

Agent oxydant

Pallets

Palettes

Palm kernel oil

Huile du grain de palme

Ibyahindutse umwuka byatwitswe na ogusijeni Ibintu bituma habaho itwikwa na ogusijeni Ibiterekwaho ibintu mu nganda bikozwe mu biti Amavuta ava mu mbuto z’umukindo

Palm oil

Huile de palme

Amamesa

Palm oil fibers

Fibres de palmiers à huile

Palm olein

Oléine de palme

Ubukoco buva mu mukindo Ubwoko bw aaside nyarugimbu iva mu mukindo

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Itwikwa na ogusijeni

249

FAT AND OILS

Palm stearin

Stéarine de palme

Palmitic acid

Acide palmitique

Palmitoleic acid

Acide palmitoléique

Parchment paper Papier sulfurisé

Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu iva mu mukindo Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu iva mu mukindo Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu iva mu mukindo Impapuro zabugenewe zikoreshwa mu gupfunyika Ibiribwa bikozwe mu bunyobwa Amavuta ava mu bunyobwa Uburyo amazi acengera mu kintu

Peanut meal

Repas à base d’arachide

Peanut oil

Huile d’arachide

Percolation

Peroxide value

Indice de peroxyde

Pesticides

Phenolic compounds

Composés phénoliques

Phosphatides

Ubwoko bw’amavuta

Phospholipids

Phospholipides

Ubwoko bw’amavuta

Umuti wica udukoko

Physical refining Raffinage physique Phytosterols

Phytostérols

Pigment

Colorant/Pigment

Plasticity

Plasticité

Plasticize

Plastifier

Polar lipids

Lipides polaires

250

Uburyo bwo kunoza amavuta mu ruganda Igitangabara/ Ikirangabara Kuba ikintu kimeze nka pulasitike Guhindura nka pulasitike

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FAT AND OILS

Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu zigize amavuta Amavuta ava mu bikatsi bya elayo Ibikorwa bikurikira nyuma yo koza bahindura ikintu runaka umweru

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Acides gras polyinsaturés

Pomace olive oil

Huile de pulpe d’olive

Postbleaching

Post-blanchissement

Poultry fat

Graisse de volaille

Ibinure by’ibisankoko

Pre-bleaching

Pré-blanchissement

Ibikorwa mbere yo koza bahindura ikintu runaka umweru

Premium vegetable oil

Huile végétale de première qualité

Amavuta meza yo ku rwego rwa mbere

Pre-pressing

Pré-pressage

Ibikorwa mbere yo gukamura

Press cake

Tourteau

Ibikatsi

Prime steam lard

Saindoux principal

Sendu

Propyl gallate

Gallate de propyle

Protective coating

Couche de protection

Rancidity

Rancidité

Random

Aléatoire

Rapeseed oil

Huile de graine de colza

Refractive index

Indice de réfraction

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Amavuta cyangwa ibindi bintu bisigwa ku kintu runaka ngo bikirinde kwangirika Kwangirika kw’amavuta Mu buryo budafite umurongo ngenderwaho Amavuta ava mu mbuto za koruza Igipimo cy’igarukarumuri 251

FAT AND OILS

Relative density

Densité relative

Ireme

Rendered pork fat

Graisse de porc fondu

Amavuta asigaye nyuma yo guteka ingirabika zifite ibinure

Rice bran oil

Huile de son de riz

Rice oil

Huile de riz

Ripened cream butter

Crème-beurre affiné

Ripening

Maturation

Gutara-Kwera

Safflower oil

Huile de carthame

Ubwoko bw’amavuta

Salad dressing

Sauce vinaigrette

Ibirunga salade

Salad oils

Huiles pour salade

Salted butter

Beurre salé

Sapienic acid

Acide sapienique

Saponification

Saponification number Saturated fatty acids

Indice de saponification

Saturation

Gusendera

Sensory evaluation

Evaluation sensorielle

Isuzuma rikoreshejwe amaso, amazuru, ururimi.

Sesame oil

Huile de sésame

Amavuta ya sezame

Sesame seed oil

Huile de graines de sésame

Amavuta ava mu mbuto za sezame

252

Acides gras saturés

Amavuta ava mu muceri Amavuta ava mu mata y’inka yatazwe

Amavuta yo mu ma salade Amavuta ava mu mata yongewemo umunyu Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu Uburyo bwo gukora isabune Igipimo cyo gukora isabune saponificaion Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FAT AND OILS

Settling tank Short-chain fatty acids Shortening

Igikoresho cyifashishwa mu Bassin de décantation gutereka ibintu kugirango byikeneke Acides gras à chaîne Ubwo bwa aside courte nyarugimbu Amavuta akomeye/ Rapetissement afashe ava mu bihingwa

Soap

Savon

Isabune

Soap stock

Stock de savons

Ibisigara nyuma yo kunoza amavuta bisa n’isabune

Soft margarine Solid fat content Solid fat index

Margarine molle/ légère Teneur en matières grasses solides Indice de graisse solide

Marigarine yorohereye Igipimo cy’amavuta afashe Urugero rw’amavuta agikomeye

Solidification point

Point de solidification

Urugero/Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe aho ibintu bisukika bihindukamo ibikomeye (bidasukika)

Solubility

Solubilité

Kwivanga

Solvent extraction

Extraction par solvant

Gukura ikintu mu mvange y’ibindi hifashishijwe ibyo icyo kintu gikunda kwivanga nabyo

Soxhel method

Méthode de Soxhel

Soybean flakes

Flocons de soja

Soybean oil

Huile de soja

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Bumwe mu buryo bwo gususuma amavuta Injuguri zikozwe muri soya Amavuta ya soya 253

FAT AND OILS

Speciality fats

Graisses de spécialité

Amavuta by’umwihariko (ubwiza bwo hejuru)

Specific gravity

Densité

Ireme

Spreadability

Tartinabilité

Gusigika ku mugati cyangwa ibindi bintu kw’amavuta

Squalene

Squalène

Steam-refining

Raffinage par vapeur

Kunoza (amavuta) hakoreshejwe umwuka ushyushye

Stearic acid

Acide stéarique

Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu

Stereospecific

Stéréospecifique

Sterol

Stérol

Sterol esters

Esters de stérol

Subcutaneous fat

Graisse sous-cutanée

Sunflower meal

Amavuta aba munsi y’uruhu Igikatsi kiva/gikurwa Tourteau de tournesol mu bihwagari

Sunflower oil

Huile de tournesol

Amavuta y’ibihwagari

Sunflower seed

Graine de tournesol

Urubuto rw’igihwagari

Superoxide

Surface tension

Tension superficielle

Sweet cream butter

Beurre doux/Beurre non-fermenté Beurre de crème douce

Amavuta ava mu mata atshyizwemo imvuzo Ubwoko bwa kereme/ isosere

Tallow

Suif

Urugimbu

Sweet butter

254

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FAT AND OILS

Tempering

Tempérée

Thermal conductivity

Conductivité thermique

Thiobarbituric test

Essai thiobarbiturique

Tocol

Tocopherol

Tocophérol

Tocotrienol

Toffee

Caramel au beurre

Total polar compounds

Composés polaires totaux

Uburyo bwo koroshya ibintu cynagwa kubifatanya hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe Ihererekanwa ry’ubushyuhe mu kintu Ubwoko bw’igeragezwa bw’iyangirika ry’amavuta Ubwoko bw’umuti wifitemo vitamine E Ubwoko bw’umuti wifitemo vitamine E Tofe (ubwoko bwa bombo)

Intungamubiri zisangwa/zikenerwa ku rugero ruto mu kintu/ muntu Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu

Trace element

Oligo-élément

Trans fatty acids

Acides gras trans

Trans isomers

Isomères trans

Triacylglycerols

Triacylglycérols

Ubwoko bw’amavuta

Triglycerides

Triglycérides

Ubwoko bw’amavuta

Triterpene

Triterpène

Ubwoko bw’amavuta

Turbidity

Turbidité

Kuba ikintu kidacayutse

Ubiquinone

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

255

FAT AND OILS

Ibikatsi byo mu mbuto zitanga amavuta zitatonowe

Undecorticated oil cake

Tourteau non décortiqué

Unsaponifiable material Unsaponifiable number Unsaturated fatty acids

Matériaux non saponifiable Indice d’insaponifiables

Vaccenic acid

Acide vaccénique

Vanillic acid

Acide vanillique

Vegetable oil

Huile végétale

Virgin olive oil

Huile d’olive vierge

Amavuta ya olive

Viscosity

Viscosité

Ukurenduka

Vitamin A

Vitamine A

Vitamine ya A

Vitamin C

Vitamine C

Vitamine ya C

Vitamin E

Vitamine E

Vitamine ya E

Water in oil emulsion

Emulsion-eau-danshuile

Wax

Cire

Whale sperm oil

Huile

Whey butter

Beurre de lactosérum

Whipping creams

Crèmes à fouetter

Winnowing

Vannage

Kugosora

Winterisation

Traitement par le froid

Gutunganya ibintu hakoreshejwe ubukonje

256

Ibintu bitaba isabune

Acides gras insaturés

Igipimo cy’ibintu bitaba saponifiye Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu Ubwoko bwa aside nyarugimbu Amavuta ava mu bimera

Igishashara/Ikinyagu Amavuta ava mu ntanga za balene Amavuta yo mu macunda Ubwoko bwa kereme ikoreshwa ibanje kuvuruga

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

FAT AND OILS

X-ray

Rayon X

Ubwoko bw’imirasire

Yield

Rendement

Umusaruro

Zenith process

Processus de zénith

Zwitterionic

Zwitterionique

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

257

SUGAR AND SUGAR PRODUCTS

ENGLISH

FRANÇAIS

KINYARWANDA

Affination

Kimwe mu byiciro byo gukora isukari mu ruganda

Agglomeration

Agglomération

Kwegerana/Gufatana

Aldose

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Amorphous sugar

Sucre amorphe

Amylase

Ubwoko bw’imisemburo Ubwoko bw’isukari iba mu bihingwa bimwe na bimwe nk’ibirayi Ubwoko bw’isukari iba mu bihingwa bimwe na bimwe nk’ibirayi

Amylopectin

Amylopectine

Amylose

Arabinose

Arabitol

Artificial sweetener

Edulcorant artificiel

Icyongera uburyohe cy’igikorano

Ash

Cendre

Ivu

Aspartame

Igisimburasukari

Bagasse

Ibikatsi by’ibisheke

Baker’s honey

Miel de pâtisserie

Ubuki bukoreshwa mu gukora imigati

Baking

Cuisson/Patisserie

Kotsa imigati

Baumé scale

Balance de Baumé

Igikoresho gipima ireme ry’ibisukika

Beet

Betterave

Beterave

Boiler

Chaudière

Icyuma kibiza amazi

Boiling point

Point d’ébullition

Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe aho amazi abirira

Brix

Urugero rw’isukari

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bw’isukari

258

SUGAR AND SUGAR PRODUCTS

Brix scale

Degré/Echelle Brix

Ijanisha ry’urugero rw’isukari

Brown sugar

Sucre brun

Isukari y’ikigina

Browning

Brunissement

Guhinduka ikigina Ibituma ubunini bw’ikintu runaka bwiyongera Ibyuma bitambutsa ubushyuhe biba muri za evaporateur

Bulking agent

Agent gonflant

Calandria

Calories

Ibivumbikisho

Candy floss

Barbe à papa

Bombo imeze nk’ipamba

Candy sugar

Sucre candi

Isukari ikorwamo bombo

Cane sugar

Sucre de canne

Isukari yo mu gisheke

Caramel

Isukari ikaranze

Carbonatation

Caramel Hydrate de carbone Carbonatation

Catalysis

Catalyse

Catalyst

Catalyseur

Cellobiose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Cellulose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Centrifugation

Gutandukanya ibintu hakoreshejwe kubikaraga

Chicory

Chicorée

Ubwoko bw’imboga

Chocolate

Chocolat

Shokola

Clarifier

Purificateur

Icyuma gicayura

Cleaving

Fendage/Clivage

Gukata

Carbohydrate

259

Amasukari Kwihutisha ihinduka nyabutabire mu bintu Icyihutisha ihinduka nyabutabire mu bintu

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

SUGAR AND SUGAR PRODUCTS

Ubwoko bw’indwara ifata mu mara mato (icyo mu nda) Ahakorerwa amabombo n’ibisa nayo Ifatana/Ukwikusanya (urugero: amavuta mu mazi kubera ko bitivanga)

Coeliac disease

Maladie coeliaque

Confectionery

Confiserie

Conglomerate

Conglomérat

Cotton candy

Barbe à papa

Bombo imeze nk’ipamba

Crystal

Cristal

Uduce duto tw’isukari

Crystal content

Contenu en cristaux

Igipimo cy’uduce duto

Crystallization

Cristallisation

Cyclamate

Dental caries

Carie dentaire

Indwara zo mu menyo

Dextran

Dextrane

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Dextrin

Dextrine

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Dextrose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Dextrose equivalent

Equivalent de dextrose

Diabetes

Diabète

Diyabete

Dietary fibres

Fibres diététiques

Ubukoco bufasha mu igogora

Disaccharides

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Dissolved solids

Solides dissous

Ibikomeye byayenze mu gisukika

Dulcitol

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Kimwe mu byiciro byo gutunganya isukari mu nganda Ubwoko bw’isukari itari umwimerere

260

SUGAR AND SUGAR PRODUCTS

Enzyme

Umusemburo

Epinephrine

Epinéphrine

Ubwoko bw’umusemburo

Erythritol

Exhaustion

Epuisement

Kumaramo

Extraction

Gukuramo

Extraneous matter

Matière étrangère

Ibintu biza ku/mu kintu bituruka mu kengero zacyo

False grain

Grain faux

Igihuhwe

Fermentation

Gutara/Gushya/ Gusembura

Fibre

Ubukoco/Ubuhura

Filter cake

Tourteau de filtrage

Igikatsi gisigara nyuma yo kuyungurura

Filtrate

Filtrat

Ibyayunguruwe

Floc

Itende

Flocculant

Gifite itende Imirimbisho ikoze mu isukari bashyira kuri gato

Fructooligosaccharides

Fondant/ Pâte épaisse de sucre Fructooligosaccharides

Fructose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Fructose molasses

Mélasse de fructose

Igikoma kigizwe n’isukari yo mu mbuto

Fructose syrup

Sirop de fructose

Siro y’imbuto

Fruit sugar

Sucre de fruit

Isukari yo mu mbuto

Galactitol

Galactose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Gelling agent

Agent gélifiant

Igituma ibintu bifatana

Fondant

261

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

SUGAR AND SUGAR PRODUCTS

Gelling sugar

Sucre de gélification

Isukari ituma ibintu bifatana nk’igikoma gifashe

Glucagon

Ubwoko bw’umusemburo

Glucitol

Glucose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Glucose syrup

Sirop de glucose

Siro ya glucose

Gluten intolerance

Intolérance de gluten

Glycemic index

Index glycémique

Glycerol

Glycérol

Glycogen

Glycogène

Glycogenesis

Glycogénèse

Glycyrrhizin

Glycyrrhizine

Granulated sugar

Sucre granulé

Isukari yagabanyirijwe ingano

Grape sugar

Sucre de raisin

Isukari yo mu mizabibu

Hemicellulose

Hémicellulose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Hexose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

High-intensity sweetener

Edulcorant concentré

Icyongera uburyohe vuba (kidafunguye)

Honey

Miel

Ubuki

Hydrogenation

Hydrogénation

Kongeramo idorojeni

Hydrolysis

Hydrolyse

Gucagagurwa mu mazi

Hygroscopicity

Hygroscopicité

Ubushobozi bwo gukurura amazi

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Urugero cy’isukari mu maraso Isukari iba mu mubiri w’inyamaswa Ikorwa ry’isukari yo mu mubiri w’inyamaswa yitwa gilikojene

262

SUGAR AND SUGAR PRODUCTS

Urugero rw’isukari nyinshi mu maraso Urugero rw’isukari nkeya mu maraso

Hyperglycaemia

Hyperglycémie

Hypoglycaemia

Hypoglycémie

Icing sugar

Sucre en poudre

Isukari y’ifu

Imbibition

Kubobeza

Insulin

Insuline

Insiline/Ubwoko bw’umusemburo

Inulin

Inuline

Inversion

Invert sugar

Sucre inverti

Invertase

Isoglucose

Ubwoko bw’isukari yahinduriwe imiterere Ubwoko bw’umusemburo uhindura imiterere y’isukari Ubwoko bw’isukari

Isomalt

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Isomaltose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Isomaltulose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Isomerase

Isomérase

Ubwoko bw’umusemburo ufasha mu guhindura imiterere y’isukari

Isomerose

Isomérose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Ketose

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Lemonade

Limonade

Umutobe w’indimu uva mu bisacunga

Levulose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Light product

Produit léger

Ikiribwa kitarimo intungamubiri nyinshi

263

Guhindura imiterere

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

SUGAR AND SUGAR PRODUCTS

Liming

Chaulage

Gutanga ibara hakoreshejwe ishwagara

Liquid sugar

Sucre liquide

Isukari isukika

Liquor

Liqueur

Inzoga ikaze/Amavu

L-sugars

L-sucres

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Magma

Imvange igerwaho muri kimwe mu byiciro byo gutunganya isukari mu nganda

Magma mixer

Mélangeur de magma

Maillard reaction

Réaction maillard

Mannan

Mannane

Mannitol

Mannose

Maple syrup

Sirop d’érable

Marmelade

Massecuite

Masse cuite

Melibiose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Melter

Fondoir

Igishongesha

Melting

Fonte

Gushonga/Kuyenga

Metabolism

Métabolisme

Ikoreshwa n’umubiri ry’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa

Mixer

Mélangeur

Ikivangisho

Molasses

Mélasse

Umushongi w’isukari

Monosaccharides

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bw’isukari Ubwoko bw’isukari Siro yo mu giti cya ’érable’ Konfitire ikozwe n’ibishishwa by’imbuto (nk’iz’amaronji) bikagumamo

264

SUGAR AND SUGAR PRODUCTS

Mother liquor

Liqueur mère

Amavu/Inzoga ikaze

Natural sugar

Sucre naturelle

Isukari karemano

Natural sweetener

Edulcorant naturelle

Nectar

Icyongera uburyohe karemano Ubuki bwo mu mbuto/ Amazi y’indabyo

Nucleation

Nucléation

Obesity

Obésité

Umubyibuho ukabije

Olestra

Ibyongerwa mu mavuta bidafite/bitongera ibivumbikisho

Oligosaccharides

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Osmosis

Osmose

Pectic compounds

Composés pectiques

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Pectin

Pectine

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Pentasaccharides

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Pentose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Phenylketonuria

Ubwoko bw’indwara

Phosphatation

Polarization

Polarisation

Polydextrose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Polyfructose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Polyol

Polysaccharides

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Preservation

Conservation

Kubika ibintu ku buryo bitangirika

Press water

Eau de presse

Umutobe

265

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

SUGAR AND SUGAR PRODUCTS

Igikatsi/Igice kiribwa cy’urubuto Kuba ikintu gikeye/ kitavangiye

Pulp

Pulpe

Purity

Pureté

Raffinose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Raw sugar

Sucre brut

Isukari ivuye mu gisheke itaratunganywa na gato

Raw juice

Jus cru

Umutobe udatetse

Reducing sugars

Sucres réducteurs

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Refined sugar

Sucre raffiné

Isukari inoze/yanojejwe

Refining

Raffinage

Kunoza

Refractometer

Réfractomètre

Igikoresho gipima urugero rw’isukari

Refractometry

Réfractométrie

Relative sweetness

Douceur relative

Uburyohe bugereranyije

Remelt

Refondre

Kongera gushongesha/ kuyengesha

Resistant starch

Amidon résistant

Ubwoko bw’amido

Ribitol

Ribose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Rock candy

Sucre candi

Ubwoko bwa bombo

Rum

Rhum

Runoff

Ecoulement

Saccharides

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Saccharin

Saccharine

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Safety factor

Facteur de sûreté

Saturation

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bw’inzoga zifite alukoro yo hejuru cyane Kuva/Kumeneka/ Gutemba kw’ibisukika

Gusendereza 266

SUGAR AND SUGAR PRODUCTS

Seed Seeding Soft drink

Graine

Akabuto/Impeke/Intete

Grenaison/ Ensemencement Boisson non alcoolique

Gutera Ikinyobwa kidasindisha

Solubility

Solubilité

Kwivanga/Gushonga

Solubility coefficient

Coefficient de solubilité

Urugero rwo kwivanga/ gushonga

Sorbitol

Sorbose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Stability

Stabilité

Kudahinduka

Stachyose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Staling

Altération

Kwangirika (nko gukomera k’umugati umaze igihe)

Starch

Amidon

Amido

Starch syrup

Sirop d’amidon

Siro y’amido

Stevia

Ubwoko bw’igiti gitanga isukari

Stevioside

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Sucralose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Sugar

Sucralose Sucrose/ Saccharose Sucre

Sugar alcohol

Sucre d’alcool

Isukari yo muri alukoro

Sugar cane

Canne à sucre

Igisheke

Sugar cubes or lumps

Cubes ou morceaux de sucre

Ibice by’isukari

Sugar derivative

Dérivé de sucre

Sugar directive

Directive de sucre

Sucrose

267

Isukari Isukari

Diregitive y’isukari

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

SUGAR AND SUGAR PRODUCTS

Sugar equivalent

Equivalent de sucre

Ibyasimbura isukari

Sugar mill

Moulin à sucre

Urusyo rw’isukari

Sulfitation

Supersaturation

Sursaturation

Supersaturation coefficient Suspended solids

Coefficient de sursaturation Solides en suspension

Ibintu bireremba mu bisukika

Sweetener

Edulcorant

Icyongera uburyohe

Sweetness equivalent

Edulcorant équivalent

Urugero rw’uburyohe

Syneresis

Synérèse

Synthetic honey

Miel synthétique

Synthetic sweetener

Edulcorants synthétique

Gusohoka kw’amazi mu biryo bifashe Ubuki bwakorewe muri laboratwari Icyongera uburyohe cyakozwe cy’icyiganano

Syrup

Sirop

Siro

Tagatose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Target purity

Pureté ciblée

Gukesha ikintu nk’uko bikenewe

Tetrasaccharides

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Tooth-friendly

Bénéfique pour les dents

Bitangiza amenyo

Trehalose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Trisaccharides

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Vacuum pan

Casserole sous vide

Ipanu bakuyemo umwuka

Vanilla sugar

Sucre vanillé

Isukari yo muri vaniline

Vanillin sugar

Sucre à la vanilline

Isukari yo muri vaniline

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

268

SUGAR AND SUGAR PRODUCTS

Verbascose

Viscosity

ViscositĂŠ

269

Uburenduke

COFFEE AND TEA

COFFE AND TEA

ENGLISH

FRANÇAIS

KINYARWANDA

Acidity

Acidité

Ubukarihe/Ubusharire

Acrid

Acre

Ikintu gikera

Aftertaste

Après-goût

Ibisigisigi by’uburyohe bisigara mu kanwa

Aged coffee

Café agé

Ikawa ishaje

Aliphatic acid

Acide aliphatique

Ubwoko bwa aside

Alkaline

Alkalin

Bifite pH yo hejuru ya 7

Arabica

Ubwoko bw’ikawa/Arabika

Aroma

Arome

Impumuro

Ash

Cendre

Ivu

Assm tea type

Type de thé d’Assm

Ubwoko bw’icyayi

Astringent

Acre

Gikarata

Banji

Batch roaster

Appareil de torréfaction en discontinu

Ubwoko bw’icyuma gikaranga ikawa mu byiciro

Bitter

Amer

Gisharira/Gikarishye/Kirura

Black tea

Thé noir

Icyayi cya mukaru

Bland

Fade

Kidafite icyanga

Blending

Mélanger

Kuvanga

Bodied taste

Goût corsé

Igisoryo

Body

Consistance

Imimerere y’ikawa mu kanwa

Bourbon

Ubwoko bw’ikawa

Bright

Lumineux/ Brillant

Gifite urumuri rwinshi

Briny

Saumâtre/Salé

Kirimo umunyu/Gifite urwunyunyu 270

COFFEE AND TEA

Igitumbwe cy’ikawa gisadutse Kimwe mu byiciro by’icyayi Gikaranze kikagira ibara rijya kuba ikigina

Broken cherry

Cerise cassée

Broken orange pekoe

Brown

Brun

Bruising

Meurtrissure

Gukomereka

Bud

Bourgeon

Agashibuka/Agatutu

Caffeic acid

Acide cafféique

Ubwoko bwa aside yo mu ikawa

Caffeine

Caféine

Kafeyine

Cambod tea type Camelia sinensis

Type de thé Cambod

Ubwoko bw’icyayi

Camelia sinensis

Canned tea

Thé en boîte de conserve

Icyayi cyo mu makopo

Caramel

Isukari ikaranze

Carbonyl

Carbonyle

Catechin

Catéchine

Certified organic coffee

Café organique certifié

Chaff

Balle

Ibishishwa

Chimney

Cheminée

Umuhora ucamo umwotsi/ umwuka

Chlorogenic acid

Type de thé de Chine Acide chlorogénique

Chocolaty

Chocolaté

Kirimo shokola

Cinnamon

Cannelle

Ubwoko bw’ibirungo

Coffea arabica

Arabika (Ubwoko bw’ikawa)

China tea type

271

Ubwoko bw’icyayi

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

COFFE AND TEA

Coffea fragrance

Parfum de café

Impumuro y’ikawa

Coffea robusta

Robusita (Ubwoko bw’ikawa)

Coffee bean

Grain de café

Urutete rw’ikawa

Coffee bean polishing Coffee berry borer

Polissage de grain de café Baie de café agrile

Coffee blend

Mélange de café

Imvange y’ikawa

Coffee cherry

Cerise de café

Igitumbwe cy’ikawa

Coffee hulling Coffee husking Coffee leaf rust

Décorticage de café Décorticage de café Rouille de la feuille de café

Kunoza urutete rw’ikawa Agasimba gatobora urubuto rw’ikawa

Guharura/Gutonora ikawa Guharura/Gutonora ikawa Umugese w’ikibabi cy’ikawa

Coffee oil

Huile de café

Amavuta y’ikawa

Crema

Agafuro ko mu kinyobwa cy’ikawa cya expresso

Crush

Concasser

Gusya/Gusekura

Crust

Croûte

Cup of excellence

Coupe d’excellence

Cup quality

Qualité de tasse

Uruhu rw’inyuma rukomeye Igihembo cy’ubudashyikirwa/ cy’ikawa cyangwa icyayi byahize ibindi Ubwiza bw’ikawa inyobwa yashyizwe mu itasi

Cupping Curl Cyclone separator

Dégustage de café Enroulement du thé Séparateur cyclonique

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Gusogongera ikawa Kwipfunyapfunya kw’amababi Icyuma cyabugenewe gitandukanya 272

COFFEE AND TEA

Dark French roast Decaffeinated coffee

Café noir corsé

Ubwoko bw’ikawa

Café décaféiné

Ikawa yakuwemo cafeyine

Defect

Défaut

Inenge/Ubwangirike

Defective beans

Haricots défectueux

Ibihuhwe

Degassing

Dégazage

Gukuramo imyuka

Demucilage

Démucilage

Gukuramo umurendwe

Drier

Séchoir

Aho banika ikawa

Torréfacteur à tambour Fermentation sèche Grains de café secs

Ubwoko bw’icyuma gikaranga ikawa Bumwe mu buryo bwo gutara ikawa

Dust

Poussière

Umukungugu

Earthy

Terreux

Gifite ubutaka

Endocarp

Endocarpe

Endoderm

Endoderme

Espresso coffea

Café espresso

Essential oil

Huile essentielle

Exocarp

Exocarpe

Expresso machine

Machine expresso Torréfacteur de café expresso

Drum roaster Dry fermentation Dry beans

Expresso roast

273

Ikawa yumishijwe

Kimwe mu bice bigize urubuto rw’ikawa Kimwe mu bigize urubuto rw’ikawa Ikawa ikaranze ya ‘expresso’ Amavuta ahumura Kimwe mu bice bigize urubuto rw’ikawa Akamashini gatunganya ikawa ya ‘expresso’ Ikawa ikaranze ya expresso

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

COFFE AND TEA

Fannings

Sassage Vannages

Ibisigazwa by’icyayi cyatunganyijwe bidafite agaciro

Fermentation

Méthode par fermentation et lavage Fermentation

Firing

Mise à feu

Gutwika

Flat

Fade/Insipide

Kidafite uburyohe

Flavonoids

Flavonoïdes

Flavonols kaempferol

Flavonols kaempférol Défauts de saveur

Ferment-andwash method

Bumwe mu buryo bwo gutegura ikawa Gutara/Guhisha/Gusembura

Flavored coffee

Café aromatisé

Flowery Orange Pekoe

Péko orange Fleuri

Flowery Pekoe

Péko Fleuri

Fluid bed drier

Séchoir à lit fluidisé

Inenge mu mpumuro n’uburyohe Ikawa yongerewemo ibirungo byongera impumuro yayo Ibibabi by’icyayi bifite agaciro kanini Ibibabi by’icyayi bifite agaciro kanini Ubwoko bw’icyuma bumukirizaho

Fragrance

Parfum

Impumuro

Fragrant

Parfumé

Gihumura

Flavor defects

Freeze drying French press French roast Fruity

Lyophilisation Café à la presse française Torréfaction poussée Fruité

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Gukonjesha cyane hagamijwe gukuramo amazi yabaye urubura Ubwoko by’icyuma cyo gutegura ikawa Uburyo bwo gukaranga ikawa cyane Gifite impumuro/uburyohe bwumvikanamo imbuto 274

COFFEE AND TEA

Gallic acid

Acide gallique

Grading

Classemennt

Gushyira mu byiciro

Grassy

Herbeux

Kirimo/Gisa n’ibyatsi

Green coffee

Café vert

Ikawa y’icyatsi kibisi

Green leaf sifting

Tamisage de la feuille verte

Green smell

Odeur verte

Kugosora amababi (y’icyayi) akiri icyatsi kibisi Impumuro y’ibintu (icyayi) bikiri bibisi

Green tea

Thé vert

Icyayi cy’icyatsi kibisi

Grinder

Moulin

Urusyo

Grinding

Broyage

Gusya/Gusekura

Harsh

Dur

Gikomeye

Headspace

Espace libre de tête

Hot-air-drying

Séchage à l’air chaud

Umwanya usigara hejuru y’ikintu cyashyizwe mu icupa Kumutsa hakoreshejwe umwuka ushyushye

Hull

Ecorce

Igishishwa

Huller

Décortiqueuse

Imashini ishishura

Humidifier

Humidificateur

Imashini itosa

Hunic acid

Acide hunique

Hygrometer

Hygromètre

Instant coffee

Café instantané

Instant tea

Thé instantané

Leaf maceration Light roast

275

Macération de la feuille Torréfaction légère

Igipimo gipima ubuhehere Ikawa yateguwe ku buryo ihita yivanga n’amazi Icyayi cyateguwe ku buryo gihita cyivanga n’amazi Gusya ikibabi Ikaranga ryoroheje/ Kubabura

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

COFFE AND TEA

Machineassisted wet processing Maillard reactions

Traitement humide assisté par la machine Réactions de Maillard

Gutunganya ibintu mu nganda hakoreshejwe amazi n’imashini

Mature coffee

Café mûr

Ikawa ihishiye

Mechanical demucilaging

Démucilage mécanique

Gukuraho umurendwe hakoreshejwe imashini

Mellow

Moelleux

Kiryohereye

Mesocarp

Mésocarpe

Kimwe mu bice bigize urubuto rw’ikawa

Methyl chloride

Chlorure méthylique

Mildew

Mildiou

Miridiyu/Indwara y’imvura

Mucilage

Umurenda

Muddy

Boueux

Kirimo/Gisa n’icyondo

Musty

Moisi

Bifite impumuro y’uruhumbu

Myricetin

Myricétine

Nutty

De noisette

Gisa/Giteye nk’imbuto ya nuwa

Oolong tea

Thé Oolong

Ubwoko bw’icyayi

Orange Pekoe

Péko orange

Organic coffee

Café organique

Outer skin

Peau externe

Uruhu rw’inyuma

Over dried coffee

Café surséché

Ikawa yumishijwe cyane

Overripe cherry

Cerise trop mûre

Ikawa zihishije cyane

Oxidation

Oxydation

Gutwikwa na ogusijeni

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Icyiciro cy’amababi y’icyayi Ikawa yahinzwe nta fumbire mvaruganda

276

COFFEE AND TEA

Packing

Emballer

Gushyira muri ambalaji/ Gupakira

Panfrying

Frire à la poêle

Gukaranga ku ipanu

Parchment

Café en parche

Peaberry

Caracoli

Pectinic acid

Acide pectinique

Pekoe

Ubwoko bw’icyayi

Percolation

Kunyegera/kumanuka kw’amazi mu butaka

Pergamino

Pericarp

Péricarpe

Kimwe mu bice bigize urubuto rw’ikawa

Picking

Cueillette

Isarura

Plucking

Plumaison

Gukuraho ibibabi

Ikawa itonoye yumukijwe (ariko batarasya) Ubwoko bw’ibitumbwe by’ikawa

Polyphenol oxidase

Tables de plumaison Oxydase de polyphénol

Polyphenols

Polyphénols

Processed coffee

Café transformé

Ikawa itunganyijwe

Protopectin

Protopectine

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Pulp

Pulpe

Ibishishwa by’ikawa iseye

Pulping

Réduction en pâte

Gukuraho ibishishwa bitwikiriye intete z’ikawa

Pyrolysis

Pyrolyse

Gutwika

Quercetin

Quercétine

Racks

Supports

Ibiterekwaho ikawa/icyayi

Reconditioning

Reconditionner

Kongera gutambutsa

Plucking tables

277

Ameza bakuriraho ibibabi Ubwoko bw’imisemburo

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

COFFE AND TEA

Ripe coffee

Café mûr

Ikawa yeze

Roasted coffee

Café torréfié

Ikawa ikaranze

Robusta

Ubwoko bw’ikawa ya robusita

Roller

Rouleau

Ikizingo

Rolling

Roulement

Kuzinga

Rubbery

Caoutchouteux

Gikozwe muri kawucu

Selective picking Semi-dry process Semi-washed coffee

Cueillette sélective Procédé par voie semi sèche

Gusoroma (bacagura ibikenewe cyangwa ibyeze) Itunganya rikorerwa ahumutse mu rugero

Café semi-lavé

Ikawa yogejwe mu rugero

Shoot tip

Bout de pousse/ Apex

Imbera z’uruti (rw’ikimera)

Sieve

Passoir/Tamis

Ubwoko bw’akayungirizo

Size grading

Classification par taille

Sliver skin

Peau argenté

Soft bean

Haricot mou

Soluble coffee

Café soluble

Sorting

Tri

Sour

Aigre

Gisharira

Sourness

Aigreur

Ubusharire

Torréfacteur espagnol Café de spécialité

Uburyo bwo gutunganya ikawa Ikawa ifite ubwiza bw’umwihariko

Spanish roast Specialty coffee

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Gutandukanya (ikawa/ icyayi) mu byiciro hakurikijwe ubunini bwazo Kamwe mu duhu dufubitse ikawa Ikawa (igitumbwe cy’ikawa) yorohereye Ikawa iyenga/yivanga n‘amazi Kujonjora (ikawa/icyayi) mu byiciro by’ubwiza

278

COFFEE AND TEA

Spicy

Épicé

Kirimo ibirungo/Kirunze

Spicy aroma

Arôme d’épicé

Impumuro y’ibirungo

Spray drying Stale Steaming Steeping coffee Storage bin Strip picking Sun drying

Séchage par atomisation Amer/Dur/Pas frais Cuisson à la vapeur Trempage du café Caisse de stockage Cueillette de bande Séchage au soleil

Uburyo bwo kumutsa Byangiritse/Byabaye bibi (nk’imigati iyo yakakaye) Gutekesha umwuka Kwinika ikawa Ikaziye yo babikamo Uburyo bwo gusoroma (icyayi) Kumisha ku zuba

Sweet

Délicieux

Cyorohereye/Kiryoshye/ Kidasharira

Sweltering

Etouffer

Gututubikana

Taint flavor

Mauvaise odeur

Impumuro mbi

Tea

Thé

Icyayi

Tea flavins

Flavines de thé

Tea leaves

Feuilles de thé

Ibibabi by’icyayi

Tea plucker

Plumeur/ Cueilleur de thé

Akuma gasarura icyayi

Tea rubigins

Rubigines de thé

Tear

Déchirer

Gutanyura

Bourgeon terminal Grain de café grillé

Umushibuka wo ku mpera/ Agatutu ka nyuma/Umutwe

Saveur de tabac

Impumuroyyitabi mu kintu

Terminal bud Toasted bean Tobaco flavor 279

Ikawa ikaranze

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

COFFE AND TEA

Trough

Cuvette/Creux

Igikoresho gifukuye

Twist

Torsion

Gusobanya/Isobanya/ Ihotora

Unripe cherry

Cerise non mûre

Ikawa y’igitumbwe

Volatile

Volatil

Gihinduka umwuka

Washed bean

Grain de café lavé

Ikawa yogejwe

Washed coffee

Café lavé

Ikawa yogejwe

Watery

Aqueux

Kirimo amazi

Wet mill

Moulin humide

Urusyo rukoresha amazi

Wet processing

Traitement humide

Gukora ibintu mu nganda bisaba ikoresha ry’amazi

White tea

Thé blanc

Icyayi cy’umweru

Wild

Sauvage

Kiba mu ishyamba

Wilting

Fanage

Kunamba/Kurabirana

Winy

Vineux/Frais

Wire mesh

Treillis métallique

Gisa/Gihumura/Kimeze nka divayi Akayunguruzo gukoze mu mikwege

Withering

Flétrissement

Kubabuka

Woody taste

Goût de bois

Uburyohe nk’ubw’igiti

Yellow tea

Thé jaune

Icyayi cy’umuhondo

Young leaves

Jeunes feuilles

Amababi akiri mato/ atarakomera

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

280

SOFT DRINKS AND WATER

ENGLISH

FRANÇAIS

KINYARWANDA

Acceptability

Acceptabilité

Iyemerwa

Activated carbon

Charbon actif

Activated carbon purification

Purification par charbon actif

Adsorption

Gufata ku kintu

Adulteration

Adultération

Kwangiza wongera cyangwa ukura ibintu

Alcoholic drink

Boisson alcoolique légère

Ikinyobwa kidasindisha

Algae

Algues

Ubwoko bw’ibinyabuzima bito

Alkalinity

Alcalinité

Ukudasharira

Allergen

Allergène

Anthocyanin

Anthocyanine

Antibiotic

Antibiotique

Antimicrobial

Antimicrobien

Antioxidant

Antioxydant

Aromatic compounds

Composés aromatiques

Arsenic

Artificial colouring

Coloration artificielle

Artificial flavour

Saveur artificielle

Artificial sweetener

Edulcorant artificiel

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Gitera ubwivumbure mu mubiri Intangabara ry’ubururu mu bimera Antibiyotike/ Indwanyamikorobi Kirwanya mikorobimikorobi Kirwanya kwangizwa n’umwuka wa ogusijene Ibintu bitera impumuro nziza Ibyongera ibara bitari iby’umwimerere Uburyohe butari umwimerere Icyongera uburyohe kitari umwimerere 281

SOFT DRINKS AND WATER

Ascorbic acid

Acide ascorbique

Aseptic

Aseptique

Aseptic foil

Feuille d’aluminium stérile

Aseptic packaging

Conditionnement aseptique

Aseptic sampling

Echantillonage aseptique

Aspartame

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Atmospheric air

Air atmosphérique

Umwuka wo mu kirere

Bactericidal

Bactéricide

Cyica umugera

Bacteriostatic

Bactériostatique

Kibuza umugera gukura

Bacterium

Bactérie

Bagiteri

Batch

Lot

Icyiciro

Batch coding

Codage du lot

Benzoic acid

Acide benzoïque

Beverage

Boisson

Ibinyobwa

Biofilm

Urubobi

Biological propertie

Propriété biologique

Imiterere/Imimerere/ Imikorere y’ibinyabuzima

Bisphenol (BPA)

Bottle

Bouteille

Icupa

Bottled water

Eau enbouteillée

Amazi yo mu macupa

282

Vitamine C Hatari ubwandu/ mikorobi Ikizingwamo ibintu kidafite mikorobi gikozwe muri aluminiyumu Gupakirira ibintu (ibiribwa) ahantu hadafite ubwandu Gufata urwitegererezo mu buryo budafite/ budatera ubwandu

Guha icyiciro icyakozwe Ubwoko bwa aside (ari nayo vitamine C)

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

SOFT DRINKS AND WATER

Bottling

Mise en bouteilles

Gushyira (nk’amazi) mu macupa

Box

Boîte

Igikarito

Brix

Bulk packs

Grand conditionnent

By-products

Sous-produits

Caffeine

Caféine

Kafeyine

Calcium

Kalisiyumu

Calibration

Calibrage

Kuregera

Can

Boîte de conserve

Canning

Mise en conserve

Cap

Bouchon

Umufuniko

Capping machine

Capsuleuse

Imashini ishyiraho imifuniko

Carbohydrates

Hydrate de carbon

Amasukari Bumwe mu buryo bwo kuyungurura

Carbonated soft drink

Filtration sur carbone Boisson gazeuse légère

Carbonated water

Eau gazeuse

Carbonation

Carbonator

Carbonateur

Carton

Ikarito

Centrifuge

Centrifugeuse

Icyuma gitandukanya ibintu hakurikijwe kubikaraga

Chlorination

Chloration

Gushyiramo kolore

Carbon filtration

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Urugero rw’isukari mu kintu Gupakira mu makarito manini Ibikomoka ku kintu bifite agaciro gato

Igikopo gishyirwamo ibiryo Gupakira/Gushyira mu dukopo

Ikinyobwa gifinina Amazi afinina

283

SOFT DRINKS AND WATER

Chlorine

Chlore

Citric acid

Acide citrique

Clarification

Gucayutsa

Clarifier

Purificateur

Igicayura

Clean water

Eau propre

Amazi asukuye

Cleaning

Nettoyage

Gusukura

Clouding agent

Agent de turbidité

Igituma igisukika kidacayuka

Cloudy drink

Boisson nuageuse

Ikinyobwa kidacayutse

Coagulation

Kuvura

Coding

Codage

Gushyira ikimenyetso (code) ku byakozwe

Cola

Colloidal particles

Particules colloïdales

Commercial sterility

Stérilité commerciale

Concentrate

Concentré

Concentrated soft drink

Boisson non alcoolique concentrée

Ikinyobwa kidasindisha kidafunguye

Contaminant

Icyanduza

Cream soda

Soda à la crème

De-aeration

Evacuation de l’air

De-chlorination

Déchloration

Gukuramo kolore

Deionised water

Eau désionisée

Amazi yakuwemo za iyo

284

Kolore

Utuntu tureremba mu bisukika Kuba ikintu cyakuwemo mikorobi ku rwego rwemewe ku isoko Kidafunguye/Urusoryo/ Igifute

Ubwoko bw’ikinyobnwa Gukuramo/Gusohora umwuka

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

SOFT DRINKS AND WATER

Gukura imyunyu ngugu mu kintu Amazi yo kunywa yakuwemo imyunyu ngugu

Demineralisation

Déminéralisation

Demineralised drinking water

Eau potable déminéralisée

Denitrification

Dénitrification

Gukuramo azote

Density

Densité

Ireme

Detergent

Détergent

Indwanyamyanda

Deterioration

Détérioration

Kwangirika

Dextrose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Dilutable beverage Dilutable soft drink

Boisson non alcoolique diluable

Ikinyobwa kibanza gufungurwa Ikinyobwa kidasindisha kibanza gufungurwa

Disaccharide

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Disinfectant

Désinfectant

Disinfection

Désinfection

Dispenser

Distributeur

Dispenser drink

Distributeur de boisson

Umuti wica mikorobi/ Imbambiramikorobi Gusukura ngo mikorobi zicwe Igitanga/Igisaranganya (ibinyobwa) Igitanga/Igisaranganya ibinyobwa

Distilled water

Eau distillée

Amazi yatunganyijwe

Dosage

Gupima

Dosage level

Niveau de dosage

Urugero rw’igipimo

Drinking water

Eau potable

Amazi yo kunywa yasukuwe/Amazi yo nziramuze

Effervescence

Gufiririza

Electrodialysis

Electrodialyse

Uburyo bwo kuyungurura

Boisson diluable

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

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SOFT DRINKS AND WATER

Emulsion

Energy drink

Boisson riche en énergie

Enriched beverage

Boisson enrichie

Enzymatic hydrolysis

Hydrolyse enzymatique

Ivanga/Isaranganya ry’amavuta mu mazi Ikinyobwa bitera imbaraga Ikinyobwa cyongewemo intungamubiri Gucagagurwa n’amazi bifashwa n’imisemburo

Enzyme

Umusemburo

Essential oil

Huile essentielle

Amavuta ahumura ava mu bimera

Extracts

Extraits

Ibyakuwe mu kintu

Fermentation

Gutara

Fiber

Fibre

Udukoco

Filler

Remplisseur

Icyuzuza

Filling

Remplissage

Kuzuza

Filter

Filtre

Akayunguruzo

Filtration

Flash pasteurization

Pasteurisation instantanée

Flavorant

Composé aromatique

Kuyungurura Guteka hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bikamara umwanya muto cyane hagamije kwica mikorobi Ibitanga impumuro

Flavoured water

Eau assaisonnée

Amazi yatunganyijwe

Flavourings

Assaisonnements

Ibirungo

Flocculation

Floculation

Kwitandukanya

Fluoride

Fluorure

Food colourings

Colorants alimentaires

286

Ibitangabara mu biribwa Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

SOFT DRINKS AND WATER

Amategeko agenga ibiribwa Ubuziranenge bw’ibiribwa

Freeze concentration

Législation alimentaire Salibrité alimentaire Concentration par lyophilisation

Fructose syrup

Sirop de fructose

Ubwoko bwa siro

Fruit pulp

Pulpe de fruit

Igice kiribwa cy’urubuto

Fumaric acid

Acide fumarique

Functional drink

Boisson fonctionnelle

Ikinyobwa kigira ingaruka nziza ku buzima

Gas volume

Volume de gaz

Ingano bw’umwuka

Glass

Verre

Ikirahure

Glass bottle

Bouteille en verre

Icupa rikozwe mu kirahure

Glucose syrup

Sirop de glucose

Ubwoko bwa siro

Groundwater

Eaux souterraines

Amazi ava mu butaka

Groundwater quality

Qualité d’eaux souterraines

Hard water

Eau dure

Headspace

Espace libre

Health hazards

Risques sanitaires

Ubwiza bw’amazi ava mu butaka Amazi afite imyunyu ngugu myinshi Umwanya urimo ubusa usigara hejuru y’ikintu kiri mu icupa Ibishobora kwangiza ubuzima

Heavy metals

Métaux lourd

Herbal extracts

Extraits d’herbes

Ibiva mu byatsi

Honey

Miel

Ubuki

Hot-filling

Remplissage à chaud

Kuzuza mu macupa bigishyushye

Food law Food safety

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

287

SOFT DRINKS AND WATER

Gucagagurwa hari amazi

Hydrolysis

Hydrolyse

Hygiene

Hygiène

Ingredients

Ingrédients

Inositol

Inulin

Inuline

Invert sugar

Sucre inverti

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Ion exchange

Echange ionique

Ihanahana rya iyo

Iron

Fer

Umunyu bwuma

Isotherm

Isotherme

Binganya ubushyuhe

Isotonic drinks

Boissons isotoniques

Ibinyobwa binganya ubwinshi bw’ibintu bibirimo

Juice

Jus

Umutobe

Juice concentrate

Jus Concentré

Umutobe udafunguye

Label

Etiquette

Ibiranga ikintu

Labelling

Etiquetage

Gushyira ku kintu urupapuro rukiranga

Laminated board

Panneau stratifié

Laminated paper pack

Paquet en papier laminé

Ubwoko bw’impapuro

Lemon flavour

Saveur citron

Icyanga cy’indimu

Lemonade

Citronnade

Umutobe w’indimu uva mu bisacunga

Liquid nitrogen

Azote liquide

Low-calorie drink Low-density polyethylene 288

Boisson à basses calories Polyéthylène à basse densité

Isuku Ibishyirwa hamwe kugirango ikiribwa runaka gikorwe/Ibigize ikintu

Ikinyobwa kirimo ibivumbukisho bikeya

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

SOFT DRINKS AND WATER

Lubricant

Lubrifiant

Maillard reactions

Réactions maillard

Malic acid

Acide malique

Ubwoko bwa aside

Membrane filtration Microbial health risks Microbiological safety

Filtration sur membrane Risques sanitaires microbiens Salbrité microbiologique

Microflora

Microflore

Microorganism

Micro-organisme

Bumwe mu buryo bwo kuyungurura Ingaruka mbi ku mubiri zitewe na mikorobi Ubuziranenge burebana na mikorobi Mikorobi ziri ahantu cyangwa mu kintu runaka, zitagize icyo zigitwaye Umugera/ Akanyabuzima

Mineral

Minéral

Umunyu ngugu

Mineral water

Eau minérale

Amazi yasukuriwe mu ruganda

Mixer

Mélangeur

Ikivangisho

Mixing

Mélanger

Kuvanga

Monitoring

Surveiller/Suivi

Kugenzura/Igenzura

Monosaccharide

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

Mould

Moisissure

Uruhumbu

Détérioration par les champignons Sensation dans la bouche

Kwangizwa n’uruhumbu Uko ikintu cyumvikana mu kanwa Uburyo bwo kuyungurura

Mould spoilage Mouthfeel Nanofiltration

Nanofiltration

Natural colouring

Colorant naturel

Nitrate

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Gituma ibintu binyerera

Intangabara karemano

289

SOFT DRINKS AND WATER

Odour

Boisson Ikinyobwa kidasindisha rafraichissante nonkidafirira gazeuse Odeur Impumuro

Off-odour

Mauvaise odeur

Impumuro mbi

Off-taste

Mauvais goût

Icyanga kibi/Ububihe

Oil

Huile

Amavuta

Oligosaccharides

Ubwoko bw’amasukari

On-line inspection

Inspection en ligne

Ubwoko bw’igenzura mu gihe ibintu birimo bikorwa (mu nganda)

Organic extracts

Extraits organiques

Organic matter

Matière organique

Osmolality

Osmolalité

Osmosis

Osmose

Oxidative degradation

Dégradation oxydante

Ozonation

Ozone

Packaging

Empaquetage

Packing

Conditionnement

Palatable

Agréable au gout

Parts per billion (ppb)

Parties par milliard (ppb)

Parts per million (ppm)

Parties par million

Non-carbonated soft drink

290

Osimoze/Kwinjira kw’amazi mu nyabika Kwangirika bitewe no gutwikwa na ogusijeni Ozone/Agakingirizo k’izuba Gupakira/gushyira muri ambalaji Ikintu ikindi kintu kiba gipfunitsemo Kugira icyanga kw’ikiribwa/ikinyobwa Uburyo bwo kubara ubwinshi bw’ikintu runaka mu mvange n’ibindi

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

SOFT DRINKS AND WATER

Kubiza/Gushyushya hagamijwe kwica udukoko na mikorobi Igitera indwara/ Igihumanya Umuti wica udukoko duto/Umuti w’ibihingwa

Pasteurization

Pasteurisation

Pathogen

Pathogène

Pesticide

Igipimo cy’ubukare

pH meter

pH-mètre

Igipima ubusharire

Phosphate

Phosphoric acid

Acide phosphorique

Physical properties

Propriétés physiques

Imiterere/Imimerere/ Imikorere igaragarira amaso

Pigment

Colorant

Intangabara

Plastic bottle

Bouteille en plastique

Icupa rya pulasitike

Plastic can

Boîte de conserve en plastique

Plate heat exchangers

Echangeurs de chaleur à plaques

Udukopo tujyamo ibiribwa dukoze muri pulasitike Ubwoko bw’ibyuma bikoreshwa mu guteka

Pollutant

Polluant

Icyanduza

Polychlorinated biphenyl Polyethylene terephthalate bottle

Diphényle polychloré Bouteille en polyéthylène téréphtalate

Pouch

Poche/Sachet

Isashi ibamo ibiribwa

Precipitation

Précipitation

Gukeneka

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Ubwoko bw’amacupa

291

SOFT DRINKS AND WATER

Ibibuza ikintu kwangirika Kugenzura uko ibintu bikorwa mu ruganda Igikatsi/Igice kiribwa cy’urubuto

Preservative

Conservant

Process control

Contrôle du processus

Pulp

Pulpe

Pure water

Eau pure

Amazi y’urubogobogo

Purification

Gukesha

Quality

Qualité

Ubwiza

Quality assurance

Assurance de la qualité

Quality management

Contrôle de la qualité Gestion de la qualité

Quality parameters

Paramètres de la qualité

Quality standards

Standards de la qualité

Kwemeza ubwiza bw’ikintu ku buryo budahinduka Kugenzura ubwiza/ ubuziranenge Kugenzura ubwiza/ ubuziranenge Ibigenderwaho mu kwiga/kugenzura ubwiza Ibisabwa mu gushyira mu bikorwa ubwiza

Quinine

Kinini

Raw water

Eau crue

Ready-to-drink

Prêt-à-boire

Recycling

Récyclage

Reference sample

Echantillon de référence

Refractometer

Réfractomètre

Refrigerator

Réfrigérateur

Quality control

292

Amazi atarategurwa (mu nganda) Cyanyobwa nta kindi kintu gikozweho Gihindurwamo ibindi bikoresho Urwitegererezo ngenderwaho Igikoresho gipima urugerpo rw’isukari Firigo

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

SOFT DRINKS AND WATER

Remineralisation

Re-minéralisation

Kongera imyunyu ngugu mu kintu

Residual

Résiduel

Ibisigazwa

Reverse osmosis

Osmose inverse

Risk assessment

Evaluation des risques

Kwiga ku byatera ibibazo

Rotavirus

Ubwoko bwa virusi

Saccharin

Saccharine

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Safe drinking water

Eau potable saine

Sample record keeping

Limite supérieure sûre Traitement d’échantillon Tenue des registres sur l’échantillon

Amazi yo kunywa yujuje ubuziranenge Urugero ntarengwa rwo hejuru Gutegura urwitegererezo Kwandika ibijyane n’urwitegererezo

Sampling

Echantillonage

Gufata urwitegererezo

Sand

Sable

Umucanga

Sand filtration

Filtration par sable

Kuyungurura hakoreshejwe umucanga

Sanitation

Hygiène

Isuku

Sanitizing

Aseptisation

Gusukura

Saponin

Saponine

Seawater

Eau de mer

Amazi y’inyanja

Sedimentation

Sédimentation

Sensory characteristics

Caractéristiques sensorielles

Kwikeneka Imiterere igaragara, yumvwa hakoreshwejwe zimwe mu ngingo karemano (amaso, ururimi, amazuru)

Safe upper limit Sample handling

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

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SOFT DRINKS AND WATER

Gusuzuma hakoreshejwe zimwe mu ngingo karemano (amaso, ururimi, amazuru) Igihe ikinyobwa/ ikiribwa kibitswe kimara kitarangirika Gusuzuma igihe ikinyobwa/ikiribwa kibitswe kimara kitarangirika

Sensory evaluation

Evaluation sensorielle

Shefl-life

Durée de conservation

Shelf-life evaluation

Evaluation de la durée de conservation

Sludge

Boues

Imyanda yo mu nganda

Snift

Dépressurisation Eau de seltz/Eau gazeuse Sodium

Gukurura n’umwuka Amazi ya Soda

Soft drink

Boisson non alcoolisée

Ikinyobwa kidasindisha

Soft water

Eau douce

Amazi adafite imyunyu ngugu

Sorbates

Sorbic acid

Acide sorbique

Sparkling

Pétillant

Kiyagirana/ Kirabagirana

Sparkling water

Eau gazeuse

Amazi ayagirana

Specific gravity

Densité

Ireme

Spoilage microorganisms

Microorganisme de détérioration

Sports drinks

Boissons des sportifs

Kwangirika bitewe na mikorobi Ibinyobwa byagenewe abakora imyitozo ngororamubiri

Spring water

Eau de source

Soda water Sodium

294

Amazi y’isoko Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

SOFT DRINKS AND WATER

Squashes

Sirops/Jus concentré

Siro/Umutobe udafunguye Igituma ibintu bidahinduka

Stabilizer

Stabilisateur

Standard

Norme

Ngenderwaho

Sterilant

Stérilisant

Icyica mikorobi zose

Sterilisation

Stérilisation

Kwica mikorobi zose

Sucrose

Ubwoko bw’isukari

Sugar

Sucre

Isukari

Sulphite-reducing anaerobe

Anhydride sulfureux Anaérobie sulfiteréducteur

Surfactant

Agent tensio-actif

Sweetener

Edulcorant

Icyongera uburyohe

Syrup

Sirop

Siro

Taint

Souillure

Tanker

Camion citerne

Ikizinga Ibimodoka binini byabugenewe bitwara ibintu byinshi mu ma tanki yabyo

Tartaric acid

Acide tartrique

Taste

Goût

Sulfur dioxide

Taste panel

Taste test

Equipe de goûteurs/Jury de dégustation Essai de degustation/Test gustatif

Taster (judge)

Goûteur (juge)

Terpenes

Terpènes

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

Incyanga Abantu bashinzwe gusogongera ibintu Kubonja/Gusogongera Ubonja/Umubonji/ Umusogongezi

295

SOFT DRINKS AND WATER

Testing methods

Méthodes d’essai

Uburyo bwo kumva/ kugerageza

Total dissolved solids Total organic carbon

TetraPak/ Emballage en carton à 4 faces Solides dissous totaux Carbone organique total

Total solids

Solides totaux

Ibifatika byose

Traceability

Traçabilité

Ikurikirana

Treated water

Eau traitée

Amazi yatunganijwe

Triangular taste test

Essai de dégustation triangulaire

Turbidity

Turbidité

Bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa mu gusogongera Kuzamo ibihu/Kuba ikintu kidacayutse

Turbulence

Ultrafiltration

Ultraviolet irradiation

Irradiation ultraviolette

UV light

Lumière UV

Vanilla

Vanille

Vanillin

Vanilline

Vitamins

Vitamines

Vitamine

Volatile organic compounds

Composés organiques volatils

Ibintu bihinduka nk’umwuka

Warehouse

Entrepôt

Ububiko/Aho bahunika

Waste

Déchets

Imyanda yo kujugunywa

TetraPak

296

Ibifatika byose byayengeye mu mazi

Kuzamo icubangana Uburyo bwo kuyungurura Gutwika ukoresheje ’imirasire y’izuba Urumuri rw’imirasire y’izuba Vanila

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

SOFT DRINKS AND WATER

Waste management

Gestion de déchets

Imicungire y’imyanda

Water

Eau

Amazi

Water bubbles

Bulles d’eau

Utubumbe tw’amazi

Water cloudiness

Turbidité d’eau

Ugucubangana kw’amazi

Water cooler

Refroidisseur d’eau

Igikonjesha amazi

Water quality

Qualité d’eau

Ubwiza bw’amazi

Water tank

Réservoirs d’eau

Tanki y’amazi/Ikigega cy’amazi

Water treatment

Traitement d’eau

Gutunganya amazi

Lexicon in English - Français - Kinyarwanda

297

REFERENCES

Translation references:

Harrap’s Shorter: Dictionnaire Anglais-Français/FrançaisAnglais (1996)

https://translate.google.com/. Google translate

http://www.linguee.fr/. Dictionnaire anglais- français et autres langues

Ministère de l’Enseignement Primaire et Secondaire (1983). Lexique Spécialisé Français-Kinyarwanda. Kigali: MINEPRISEC.

WDA and PAFP (2013). Lexicon of Agriculture, Veterinary and Forestry

INADES - Formation - Rwanda. Lexique d’Agriculture, 2ème édition.

Books 1.

Bamforth, C., W. (2006). Brewing new technologies. Woodhead publishing in Food Science, Technology, and Nutrition

Dennis E. Briggs,D.,E.; Boulton, C.,A.; Peter A. Brookes, P.,A. and Stevens, R.,(2004). Brewing Science and practice. Woodhead Publishing Limited and CRC Press

Bettelheim & Landesberg, ..... Laboratory Experiments for General, Organic and Biochemistry, 4th Ed. Harcourt, inc.

R. E. Wrolstad et al., 2005. Handbook of Food Analytical Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons

D. W. Gruenwedel & J. R. Whitaker, 1984. Food Analysis: Principles and Techniques, Vol. 1 and 2, Marcel Dekker: New York

D. D. Miller, 1998. Food Chemistry: A Laboratory Manual 298

AOAC International, 2001. Official Methods of Analysis, 17th Ed., AOAC International Gaithersburg, MD

Institute of Food Technologists, 2000. Food Chemistry Experiments. The Society for Food Science and Technology, Chicago, IL 60601

P.L.H. McSweeney, 2007. Cheese problems solved. Woodhead Publishing Ltd.

10. G. Smit, 2003. Dairy Processing. Woodhead Publishing Ltd. 11. P. Walstra, J.T.M. Wouters and T.J. Geurts, 2006. Dairy Science and Technology, 2nd Ed. CR Taylor and Francis Group. 12. R. Przybylski & B.E. McDonald, 1995. Development and Processing of Vegetable Oils for Human Nutrition. AOCS Press. 13. R.D. O’Brien, 2004. Fats and Oils, 2nd Ed. CRC Press. 14. A.Y. Tamine, 2006. Fermented Milks. Blackwell Science. 15. J.G. Brennan, 2006. Food Processing Handbook. Wiley – VCH. 16. P. Fellows, 2000. Food Processing Technology, 2nd Ed. Woodhead Publishing Ltd. 17. G.D. Miller, J.K. Jarvis and L.D. McBean, 2000. Handbook of Dairy Foods and Nutrition, 2nd Ed. CRC Press LLC. 18. K. Kulp & K. Lorenz, 2003. Handbook of Dough Fermentations. Marcel Dekker Inc. 19. Y.H. Hui, W.K. Nip, R.W. Rogers and O.A. Young, 2001. Meat Science and Applications. Marcel Dekker Inc. 20. D. Dufour, G. M. O’Brien, Rupert Best. (1996). Cassava flour and starch: progress in research and development. CIAT, 1996 - Cassava 299

21. Morgan Andama, Julius Lejju. (2012). Traditional Processing Techniques in Detoxifying Cassava Root Tubers: Principles and Concepts. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. 22. Toldr, F. (2010). Handbook of Meat Processing. WileyBlackwell; 1 edition 23. Ron Kill , K. Turnbull. (2001). Pasta and Semolina Technology. Wiley-Blackwell; 1 edition 24. Sinha, N., Sidhu, J., Barta, J., Wu, J., & Cano, M. P. (2012). Handbook of Fruits and Fruit Processing. John Wiley & Sons. 25. Postharvest Technology of Fruits and Vegetables: General concepts and principles. (2000). Indus Publishing. 26. Quality Control in Fruit and Vegetable Processing. (1988). Food & Agriculture Org. 27. Raghunath Subedi, 2012. Coffee processing technology : impact on coffee quality, Lambert Academic Publishing 28. Ivon Flament, 2002. Coffee flavour chemistry, John Wiley and Sons Ltd 29. Roberts,E.A.H.(1958), ‘the chemistry of tea Manufacture’J. Sci.Food Agric.9

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The Government of Rwanda has introduced English language as the main tool of communication in learning institutions at all levels. The transition from French language to English cannot be easy particularly in the use of technical terms in some sectors like Food processing. In order to contribute to this transition, the development of some tools like lexicons is important. This lexicon contains over 8000 English technical words used in Food processing sector. Words have been translated in French and Kinyarwanda. Dr. CIZA Antoine