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English Grammar in Use chapters 19-23
WILL/SHALL + INFINITIVE
DECLARATIVE
FUTURE FORMS
Subject
Auxiliary verb
+
I
+ I
Auxiliary verb WILL NOT WON’T
Verb + TRAVEL
INTERROGATIVE Auxiliary verb WILL
Examples
TRAVEL
NEGATIVE Subject
Verb
+
WILL
+
Subject
+
YOU
Verb TRAVEL?
Uses Instant decision
1.
I will travel to Barcelona in December.
I’ll get the phone Ok, I’ll see you on friday
Will you travel by train or by bus?
Promise
2.
I won’t travel by bus I will probably travel by train
I won’t tell anybody where you are I promise I will buy a new toy.
Offer
3. 1.
That bag looks heavy. I’ll help you with it.
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Shall 4. Prediction When I’m 60 years old, I will be completely bald.
It's mainly used in British English. Shall is used mostly in the question Shall I…?
Shall we…? We use it to ask somebody’s opinion (especially in
offers and suggestions) Shall I open the window? (Do you want me to open the window) Where shall we go this evening?
We often use "will" with: probably,
I'll probably drop in on uncle.
I expect
I haven't seen Matthew today. I expect he'll call today.
I wonder (if, what, when, etc.) I'm sure
I think
BE GOING TO + INFINITIVE
Subject
This gift is great. I think we'll love it.
Auxiliary verb +
It's a bit late. I wonder if he'll come. It's not going to be boring there. I'm sure there will be a lot of boys at your age
Declarative
I/YOU/SHE
TAKE/ GET
Negative Subject +
YOU/SHE
AM/ARE/IS GOING TO
Verb +
Auxiliary verb
verb
Aren’t / isn’t GOING TO
TAKE/ GET
Interrogative Auxiliary verb AM/ARE/IS
Subject +
+ YOU/SHE
Auxiliary verb GOING TO
verb + TAKE/ GET
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Uses 1.
Future simple vs. Going to
Future plans and intentions
We are going to go to New York
Be going to form is very similar to the Future Simple. Both forms can express prediction, however those predictions are not the same. Predictions expressed by "will" are based on your intuition and
experience. Predictions expressed by "going to" are based on what's
2.
Predictions based on observing the present situation
happening at the present moment.
Sheila is going to give birth in a couple of weeks.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Subject I/a dog
Sometimes we use the Present Continuous to Auxiliary verb
+
is / are
Verb + ing
+
working/going/making
Negative Subject
+
I/a dog
Use
Declarative
Auxiliary verb + not + is not / are not
Verb + ing working/going/making
Interrogative Auxiliary verb is / are
+
Subject I/a dog
+
show that something is planned and will be done in the near future. I'm meeting Katie in the evening. He's flying to Rome in September. We're not going anywhere tomorrow
Verb + ing working/going/making
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Present continuous vs. Going to
You can usually use present continuous or going to for future plans/ arrangements. GOING TO shows that you have made the decision We are going to get married in the summer
PRESENT CCONTINUOUS emphasizes that you have made the arrangements We are getting married on July 12th (we’ve booked the church)
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