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Indian Future in
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energy India Hydro Energy Sustainable Subsistence rooftop Solar
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Indian Future
renewable energy
RENEWABLE ENERGY
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TRENDS & DEVELOPMENTS
renewable energy quest I also welcome all the sympathizers who are doing commendable job in supporting this cause in their very own way.
Listen to the high winds According to the third edition of the report “India Wind Energy Outlook”, jointly published by WISE, IWTMA and GWEC,
Sustainable Subsistence According to the third edition of the report “India Wind Energy Outlook”, jointly published by WISE, IWTMA and GWEC, India is one of the global leaders in wind power,
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GAS in 2020 renewable energy quest I also welcome all the sympathizers who are doing commendable job in supporting this cause in their very own way.
CONVENTIONAL PLAYERS
IN RENEWABLE ENERGY
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Sustainable Subsistence According to the third edition of the report “India Wind Energy Outlook”, jointly published by WISE, IWTMA and GWEC, India is one of the global leaders in wind power,
Indian Future
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renewable
renewable energy quest I also welcome all the sympathizers who are doing commendable job in supporting this cause in their very own way.
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19 Indian Future renewable energy quest renewable energy I also welcome all the sympathizers who are doing commendable job in supporting this cause in their very own way.
PERSPECTIVE
Sustainable Subsistence According to the third edition of the report “India Wind Energy Outlook”, jointly published by WISE, IWTMA and GWEC, India is one of the global leaders in wind power, FINANCE
Media KItenewable renewable energy quest energy
I also welcome all the sympathizers who are doing commendable job in
India’s Largest Energy information
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CONGRATULATIONS to all of you who could lay their hand upon this renewable energy quest I also welcome all the sympathizers who are doing commendable job in supporting this cause in their very own ingenious way. As we understand renewable energy is derived from natural process through which the resource gets replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Includible in its definition is electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources. The International Energy Agency explains renewable energy as involving natural phenomenon such as sunlight, wind, tides, plant growth, and geothermal heat, IEA Renewable Energy Working Party (2002) Therefore a social responsibility is enjoined upon each one of us to contribute to this worldwide RE-QUEST. I again extend a heartfelt of welcome to you in this strife for existence, per se.
Prasanna Kr Srivastava
E D I T O R I AL
Acting Editor Prasanna Srivastava Managing Editor Online Editor Art Director: Vishal Goyal, ComDez Advertising contact Kate Rochester Senior Marketing & Subscriptions Executive David Robinson
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Natural disasters made history in 2013
Brazil, Cambodia, El Salvador,Laos and Thailand appear in the CRI’s 10 mostaffected countries; all recorded their severest natural hazards-related catastrophes in 2013. Re-quest october 2013
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limate change may not be responsible for the recent skyrocketing cost of natural disasters, but it is very likely that it will impact future catastrophes. Climate models provide a glimpse of the future, and while they do not agree on all of the details, most models predict a few general trends. First, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, an increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will probably boost temperatures over most land surfaces, though the exact change will vary regionally. More uncertain—but possible—outcomes of an increase in global temperatures include increased risk of drought and increased intensity of storms, including tropical cyclones with higher wind speeds, a wetter Asian monsoon, and, possibly, more intense mid-latitude storms. (For more information, see Global Warming: Potential Effects of Global Warming) Global warming could affect storm formation by decreasing the temperature difference between the poles and the equator. That temperature difference fuels the mid-latitude storms affect the Earth’s most populated regions. Warmer temperatures could increase the amount of water vapor that enters the atmosphere. The result is a hotter, more humid environment. At the equator, where conditions are already hot and humid, the change isn’t expected to be large. At the poles, however, the air is cold and dry; a little extra heat and water vapor could raise temperatures greatly. As a result, global
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Changes in climate not only affect average temperatures, but also extreme temperatures, increasing the likelihood of weather-related natural disasters. If global climate change causes the global average temperature to rise (top), there will be less cold weather, and a greater probability of hot and record hot weather. An increase in temperature variability will extend the extremes of temperature, both cold and hot. An increase in average temperature combined with increased variance will have little effect on cold weather, but hot weather will be more common and record hot weather will increase greatly. (Figure adapted from Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis)
warming may cause the temperature difference between the poles and the equator to decrease. and as the difference decreases, so should the number of storms, says George Tselioudis, a research scientist at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) and Columbia University. But even as a warming climate might decrease the overall number of storms that form, it could increase the number of intense storms. As temperatures continue to rise, more and more water vapor could evaporate into the atmosphere, and water vapor is the fuel for storms.
and Climate. The one way in which global warming could impact hurricanes is by making them more intense. More heat and water in the atmosphere and warmer sea surface temperatures could provide more fuel to increase the wind speeds we are of tropical storms. Warming that has already ]creating an atoccurred since 1980 has mosphere more increased sea surface loaded with hutemperatures 0.3 degrees Celsius, which should midity, any storm increase the maximum that does potential wind speed of develop has hurricanes by 1 knot, according to hurricane greater intensity models. But potential to deincreases that small could not have been observed velop into an yet. “At present, hurricane intense storm intensity is measured only to an accuracy of plus or Tselioudis minus five knots, so it is not possible to discern any change that might have occurred owing to warming that has already taken place,” says Emanuel.
The combined result of increased temperatures over land, decreased equator-versuspole temperature differences, and increased humidity could be increasingly intense cycles of droughts and floods as more of a region’s precipitation falls in a single large storm rather than a series of small ones. A warmer, wetter atmosphere could also affect tropical storms (hurricanes), but changes to tropical storms are harder to predict and track. Some scientists have speculated that a warmer climate that allows more intense storms to develop would also spawn more hurricanes. Warmer temperatures may also heat ocean waters farther from the Equator, expanding the reach of large tropical storms. But there is little evidence to support the either of these theories, says Kerry Emanuel, a professor of tropical meteorology and climate in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Program in Atmospheres, Oceans,
Even if tropical storms don’t change significantly, other environmental changes brought on by global warming could make the storms more deadly. Melting glaciers and ice caps will likely cause sea levels to rise, which would make coastal flooding more severe when a storm comes ashore. In their 2001 report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated that global warming should cause sea levels to rise 0.11 to 0.77 meters (0.36 to 2.5 feet) by 2100. Re-quest october 2013
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C ov e r S to r y
Indian Future in
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generations, to the conditions needed for human wellbeing socio-cultural, economic, political, ecological, and in particular food, water, shelter. There occurred a watershed event in human history in the year 2008 when the urban population of the world outnumbered that of the rural. Cities, which occupy a miniscule 0.05 percent of the earth’s surface, are projected to hold an immense 80 percent of the world’s total population
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he end of the twenty-first century. In India too, the rate of urbanization is unprecedented and two-thirds of the commercial and highrise residential structures that will exist in the country in 2030 are yet to be built. This urban sprawl is creating unique challenges related to the natural environment. As a result, to prepare for the coming decades, policy makers need to think innovatively about planning for and taking action on a range of issues from ecological and energy implications to protecting public health. The current urban sprawl and unparalleled demand for the construction of buildings is also creating vast opportunities. Buildings already account for more than 30 percent of India’s total electricity consumption. Looking ahead, India’s building sector is expected to increase five-fold from 2005 to 2050. In a power-deficit country like India, energy efficiency can be a new kind of power plant that provides energy to millions who do not have access to it and where economic growth can be driven by the savings by implementing energy efficiency in buildings that are being constructed now. The imperative for efficient construction is much more crucial Re-quest october 2013
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ENERGY CONSERVATION, TECHNOLOGY ABSORPTION
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ONGC has taken up concept of constructing green building, the essence of which would be to address all these issues in an integrated and scientific manner with due compliance to the guidelines of GRIHA
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s a responsible corporate citizen, the Company aims to reduce carbonfootprint in a phased manner and contribute towards low carbon economy.For this, Company has set targets for renewable energy projectsand significant progress has been made so far. On the wind energy front, your Com-
pany plans to set up 500 MW wind power capacity in the next 3-4 years and against this, about 118 MW capacity has already been set up. In 2012, your Company drafted Sustainability Development Aspirations 2020 through intensive consultations with internal and external stakeholders concerned with on- ground implementation of projects to identify priority areas of sustainability development. Through Sustainability Development Aspirations 2020, your Company has set clear targets with respect to management of Green and training / awareness on sustainability. Apart from identifying priority areas, your Company has identified specific SD projects and the crucial ones among them have been included as a part of MoU with the MoPNG, which further signifies your Company’’s commitment towards a sustainable future.
target for 2017
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Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited
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ONGC has taken up concept of constructing green building, the essence of which would be to address all these issues in an integrated and scientific manner with due compliance to the guidelines of GRIHA
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enewable energy: ONGC’s holistic focus on sustainable growth ensures its thrust on pursuing renewable sources of energy, decreasing our internal carbon footprint and exploring unconventional hydrocarbons. We are setting up a 102 MW Wind Farm in Rajasthan, in addition to a 51 MW Unit already working successfully in Bhuj, Gujarat. The planned investment is about INR 8 billion and the plant is likely to be commissioned by 2014-15.
Energy conservation: ONGC has well defined energy policy which focuses on various aspects of energy conservation. The introduction of environment friendly and energy efficient technologies led to an estimated savings of INR 409.23 Crores during 2011-12. Green Building: ONGC acknowledges that buildings have major environmental impact over their entire life cycle. Hence, ONGC has taken up concept of constructing green building, the essence of which would be to address all these issues in an integrated and scientific manner with due compliance to the guidelines of GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment).
target for 2017
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Renewable Energy & Sustainable Development
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ndianOil’s foray into renewable energy is aimed not only towards diversification of its energy portfolio but also for alleviating energy poverty and improving energy access at the ‘base of the pyramid’ in India. Efforts are being made to improve resource efficiency in operations, especially for key resources like energy and water and adopt the “3-R” (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse) philosophy for all types of wastes towards prevention of pollution and disposal of wastes in line with regulatory requirements or beyond industry best practices.
Efforts are being made to improve resource efficiency in operations, especially for key resources like energy and water and adopt the “3-R” (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse) philosophy
IndianOil’s environmental objective is to • Reduce its carbon footprint • Become water positive • Manage waste responsibly Green auto fuels, energy efficient technologies, shifting equilibrium of market dynamics towards rural communities besides tapping alternative energy sources are some of the steps that are in progress in the Corporation. The significant milestones in the journey are:
target for 2017
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bharat petroleum Efforts are being made to improve resource efficiency in operations, especially for key resources like energy and water and adopt the “3-R” (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse) philosophy
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uring 2007, Environment Cell has been created in HSE with a focus on projects for combating Climate change. BPC has already become member of Carbon Disclosure Project which is recognized globally and has started working on Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) related projects. Corporate Sustainability Report for the year 2006-07 was published during 2007. For the year 2007-08, HSE has worked on Corporate Sustainability Report based on Global Reporting Initiative Norms where BPC would be first of the PSU to come out with such a report with A+ rating. Biodiesel is manufactured from edible as well as non-edible oils, Biodiesel is a high octane fuel that optimizes engine performance. It can be blended suitably with diesel and the existing storage facilities infrastructure can be used with minor alterations for storage and blending Bio diesel. It also acts as a lubricant thus Biodiesel increases the engine life. The sources of non-edible oils (as per the Govt. of India policy, edible oils cannot be used) are Jatropha, Pongamia, Neem, Salvodara, Acacia, Karanj etc. but Jatropha is the preferred plant, as it
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can be grown on arid land is insect-resistant bears fruits in about 3 years has a life span of 40 years approximately
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C ov e r S to r y
Reliance Power Power generation from renewable energy sources is increasingly becoming important all over the world as we strive to mitigate green house gases and climate change issues important for our survival on Planet Earth.
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eliance Power believe that enhanced use of natural and renewable energy sources is needed to help take the burden off our current dependancy on fossil fuels. power generation from renewable energy sources is increasingly becoming important all over the world as we strive to mitigate green house gases and climate change issues important for our survival on Planet Earth.We have a diversified portfolio of power projects in which green energy generation has an important share.
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Increased Government focus Recent regulatory initiatives promoting development of renewable energy sources such as Mandatory Renewable Purchase Obligations Revised tariff guidelines • Becoming one of the largest green portfolio company in the power sector • A company with a diversified portfolio consisting of wind, solar and hydroelectric projects. • Striving for a portfolio which provides attractive returns • Earning additional revenues through Carbon Credits and Renew able Energy Certificates
Adani Group Adani Group is committed to protect and encourage better use of natural resources of our country by implementing better technologies. The Solar plant and uses of supercritical technology in all our thermal power plants is a testimony to our commitment towards the environment. Bitta, Gujarat
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dani Group, commissioned 40 MW, India’s largest, solar power plant in Bitta, Kutch district, Gujarat in Dec’ 11. It was commissioned in record time of 165 days starting from foundation stone laying to electricity generation. This solar power plant marks Adani’s first big foray in the renewable energy sector. The solar power plant is using Solar PV Technology and has over 400,000 Solar PV modules mounted on 21,600 structures, which are erected on 130,000 foundations. The project was awarded under Gujarat Solar Power Policy of 2009.
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Mahindra Solar seeks to bring the Mahindra
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ahindra Solar seeks to bring the Mahindra Group to the forefront of the solar revolution in India. Powered by proven engineering expertise and leading technology partners, Mahindra Solar is committed to deliver reliable turnkey EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) services and build large grid-connected solar power plants across India.Mahindra Solar One, a joint venture between Kiran Energy and Mahindra, is setting up over 100 megawatts of large grid-connected projects in the next 2 to 3 years. Mahindra Solar One was the first to achieve non-recourse rupee finance for the 5 megawatt JNNSM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission) project and intends to create credible solutions for the growth of solar sector in India. In 2011, it won a 30 megawatt bid under Phase 1B of JNNSM and is positioned to be a leading developer in the country.
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Adani Group is committed to protect and encourage better use of natural resources of our country by implementing better technologies. The Solar plant and uses of supercritical technology in all our thermal power plants is a testimony to our commitment towards the environment. Bitta, Gujarat
Aditya Birla Group
R Adani Group is committed to protect and encourage better use of natural resources of our country by implementing better technologies. The Solar plant and uses of supercritical technology in all our thermal power plants is a testimony to our commitment towards the environment. Bitta, Gujarat
enewable energy, especially solar energy, has been identified as a sunrise business opportunity by the Aditya Birla Group. The Government of India under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) has set an aggressive target of 1,100 MW by 2013 (11th Five-Year Plan) and 20,000 MW by 2022 (13th FiveYear Plan). In addition, many state governments have announced state policies on solar energy aided by the fledgling Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) Government initiative. A total potential of 64,000 MW by 2022 is estimated by business research analysts. Wind power Essel Mining India Limited (EMIL) forayed into power generation in 2005 by installing 75-MW windmills at Dhule in Maharashtra, demonstrating EMIL’s commitment to the environment and sustainable development. The division is registered with UNFCCC as a ‘Clean Development Mechanism’ (CDM) project under the Kyoto Protocol, which entitles it to get carbon credit revenues for a period of 10 years.
target for 2017
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wind
Listen to the
high winds - Author Name
Today, while India’s renewable energy sector enjoys the support of various policy.
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he United States (US) had an impressive year which saw an installation of over 8 GW capacity in the last three months of 2012 alone, largely to thrash an anticipated end of the US Production Tax Credit (PTC). However, the same couldn’t be said about the Indian wind industry which has struggled to maintain the momentum gained in 2011 in the backdrop of sudden reduction in tax incentives by the government.
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Industry and AD, GBI According to the third edition of the report “India Wind Energy Outlook”, jointly published by WISE, IWTMA and GWEC, India is one of the global leaders in wind power,
Manufacturers feeling the brunt Indian manufacturing companies, in buildup of inventories, delay in supply chain activities and working capital lock-up as everyone is aware that the “market is not only affected by AD, but also the absence of a policy on GBI as well”. He adds that the supply chain management in the wind industry which is a capital goods industry is extremely sensitive and critical components are tailor-made and are long lead items with
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Giri goes on to say that there is no difference in the performance either of GBI or AD which the industry has mapped since 2006. “AD is a tax deferral and not a subsidy and an encouragement to the private sector for profitmaking companies to deploy their funds into renewable energy. We cannot forget that fossil fuels are not going to last forever and there is an urgent need for a judicious mix of various energies to achieve energy security,”
annual contracts to ensure continuous and regulated supplies.
Looking to the future potential, and to keep it moving in the right direction, there needs to be a decisive intervention by the government. The industry and the experts want the Indian government to come with a comprehensive renewable energy law at the national level, devise preferential tariffs, incentives for repowering of older farms, creating evacuation and transmission infrastructure, grid integration, accurate forecastingent’s visionary measures like GBI and AD or other similar incentives can help achieve that target,” asserts Schot. the country.
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hydro
India Hydro Energy
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Small hydro power projects do not encounter the problem of deforestation and resettlement as in case of large hydro projects besides providing pollution-free and escalationfree source of power.
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ndia is blessed with around 15000 MW of small hydro power projects (with capacity of upto 25 MW) from about 5700 sites across different states. Only a few states viz. Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, J&K, Uttarakhand and Chattisgarh possess ~50% of the total assessed potential capacity of SHEP. Small hydro power projects do not encounter the problem of deforestation and resettlement as in case of large hydro projects besides providing pollution-free and escalation-free source of power. Usually the small hydro projects are located in remote / hilly areas thereby witnessing the challenge of inadequate accessibility and power evacuation infrastructure. It would be un-economical for a single small hydro project developer to develop multiple miles road and power.
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Small hydro projects development and construction poses lesser proportion of uncertainties as compared to the large hydro project development. However, easy availability of debt financing at competitive interest rates is a challenge being faced by serious SHEP developers. Usually banks require higher proportion of collateral (usually ranging from 70% to 100% of debt amount) against the sanctioned loan amount even if the project economics and risk profile are attractive. It puts a formidable challenge to even serious project developers with adequate know-how and team infrastructure. Banks should determine the project collateral requirement based only on the project due-diligence.
However, at the end of Jan, 2012 only 3300 MW of small hydro power capacity has been installed highlighting immense potential of small hydro power projects yet to be tapped. The Ministry of new and renewable energy has the responsibility of developing the Small Hydro Power sector and aims to install additional capacity to be about 2100 MW during the 12th Plan (2013-2017) . Source: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
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It is seen that most of the state governments levy formidable charges for sale of power outside their territory. It impedes the project developer to realize the optimal power sale rate from power generated of its power plant even after compensating the host state via payment of royalty in the form of free power. The state governments need to facilitate sale of power outside their respective territory by not levying prohibitive wheeling charges.
Since, private sector investment is increasingly essential for achieving the target capacity addition of Small hydro project, definitive and expeditious steps towards resolution of above Sustainable Subsistence
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e NERGY
Sustainable
Subsistence
India is en route to becoming the world’s second largest emitter of greenhouse gases and is already experiencing the adverse impacts of climate change.
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t is an oft repeated clichĂŠ that all production and consumption must be ecologically sustainable and socio-economically equitable, using a mix of incentives and disincentives. This means converting and replacing unsustainable agricultural, fisheries, mining, industrial, and other production processes to sustainable ones. Sustainable development actually involves the functional integrity and resilience of the ecological processes and biological diversity. It relates to all life on earth and entails a realization of the ecological limits of human activity and enshrines the right of nature and all specie to survive and thrive in the condition in which they have evolved. Further it also involves equitable access of all people, in current and future
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generations, to the conditions needed for human well-being socio-cultural, economic, political, ecological, and in particular food, water, shelter. There occurred a watershed event in human history in the year 2008 when the urban population of the world outnumbered that of the rural. Cities, which occupy a miniscule 0.05 percent of the earth’s surface, are projected to hold an immense 80 percent of the world’s total population by the end of the twenty-first century. In India too, the rate of urbanization is unprecedented and twothirds of the commercial and high-rise residential structures that will exist in the country in 2030 are yet to be built. This urban sprawl is creating unique challenges related to the natural environment. As a result, to prepare for the coming decades, policy makers need to think innovatively about planning for and taking action on a range of issues from ecological and energy implications to protecting public health. The current urban sprawl and unparalleled demand for the construction of buildings is also creating vast opportunities. Buildings
already account for more than 30 percent of India’s total electricity consumption. Looking ahead, India’s building sector is expected to increase five-fold from 2005 to 2050.
Tree lopping is a common practice in the forest to keep goats from wander off, and to allow the goats to eat the leaves they cannot reach. – Galdar Village, Udaipur District, Rajasthan. Photo: Maureen Valentine (TCi)
India is en route to becoming the world’s second largest “emitter of greenhouse gases and is already experiencing the adverse impacts of climate change.
In a power-deficit country like India, energy efficiency can be a new kind of power plant that provides energy to millions who do not have access to it and where economic growth can be driven by the savings by implementing energy efficiency in buildings that are being constructed now. The imperative for efficient construction is much more crucial than the individual savings from which owners and end-users benefit. India’s total energy requirement is projected to grow at 6.5 percent per year upto 201617, to support the country’s projected 9 percent growth rate. The meeting of this energy demand, however, is fraught with the challenges of peak electricity demand shortages, dependence on energy imports and vulnerability to the volatility in international energy prices. Furthermore, India is en route to becoming the world’s second largest emitter of greenhouse gases and is already experiencing the adverse impacts of climate Re-quest october 2013
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change. Each of these challenges can be addressed significantly and effectively by making energy efficiency a central plank in the country’s long-term growth planning. To create this transformation in India’s building sector, action is required by a variety of public and private decision makers. Two groups in particular are critical to this effort: state and local governments, and real estate developers.
India is en route to becoming the world’s second largest emitter of greenhouse gases and is already experiencing the adverse impacts of climate change. First, in the current policy climate, state and local governments are beginning to promote energy efficiency initiatives. India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change (2008) points to building efficiency measures as essential to carbon emission reduction. Several national missions that focus on scaling building efficiency have also been initiated, such as the National Mission on Sustainable Habitat and National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency. Effective execution of these national and state level programs will be the key determinants of their success. State and local governments are vital for setting standards and supporting market leaders to accelerate energy efficiency States across India are recognizing the importance of taking steps in this direction, for instance, by advancing plans to make building energy codes operational. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency launched the
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Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) for India in 2007. The ECBC establishes minimum requirements for energy-efficient design and construction for buildings with a connected load of 100 kW/120 kv or more and provides guidelines for building design, including the building States such as Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, New Delhi, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal have all committed to advancing plans to make the ECBC operational in 2013 for new construction. Across the country, the tremendous benefits to be gained from ECBC adoption are being recognized by
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Solar rooftop The launch of the Jawaharlal Nehru Solar Mission (JNNSM) in 2010 propelled the solar energy sector in India. The utilityscale solar sector has posted a significant growth over the last three years, as the focus has been primarily on large-scale gridconnected power plants. However,
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rices of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules, grid-connected as well as off-grid installation of solar panels on rooftop presents a viable and workable solution to addressing the country’s energy concerns.
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olar panel installations on just 1.6 per cent of Delhi’s roof space is sufficient to generate 2 GW of electricity by 2020, says a recent study. The report, titled ‘Rooftop Revolution: Unleashing Delhi’s Solar Potential’, not only emphasizes the immense potential of power generation from rooftop solar in India by highlighting its possible role and utility in addressing the power crisis in a city like Delhi, but also triggers a fresh debate over its scope and viability factor.
Brought out by Greenpeace India in collaboration with Bridge to India, the report has tried to draw the attention of policymakers, industry and other stakeholders and urged them to seriously weigh the potential, capability and viability of harnessing power through solar panels installed on rooftops. The launch of the Jawaharlal Nehru Solar Mission (JNNSM) in 2010 propelled the
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Rooftop solar could be an important component in achieving rural electrification goals Enrico Ruhle, Managing Director, TÜV Rheinland (India) Pvt. Ltd.,
solar energy sector in India. The utilityscale solar sector has posted a significant growth over the last three years, as the focus has been primarily on large-scale grid-connected power plants. However, in the context of falling prices of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules, grid-connected as well as off-grid installation of solar panels on rooftop presents a viable and workable
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solution to addressing the country’s energy concerns. Despite a slow start, the rooftop segment has been gaining prominence in recent times. Several European countries, most notably Germany, have proved the merit of grid-connected power from rooftop solar that has added significantly to their overall solar power capacities. Rooftop solar: potential and scope Going by the 2011 Census, India has around 330 million houses, with 140 million houses having proper roofs which can accommodate on
Solar rooftop PV has a huge potential in India. The rising consumer tariffs are already making solar rooftop viable for various consumer categories (commercial, high use residential and certain industrial) in certain areas in India. This viability exists without the support of any subsidies, only on the basis of avoided energy and other variable costs. Certain studies have predicted a rooftop market of close to 4000 MW by 2017. Ashwin Gambhir, Senior Research Associate at Prayas Energy Group,
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an average 1-3kWp of solar PV system. Among the 140 million houses, around 130 million are having two rooms. Besides, there are other commercial buildings, shopping complexes and offices that can accommodate larger solar PV capacities. Taking into account the houses with two rooms, approximately 25000 MW of solar capacity can be installed by putting solar panels on 20 per cent of the roofs.about the role of rooftop in India’s energy scenario. He adds, “At the same time, rooftop solar will help in reducing carbon footprint by curbing dependence on fossil fuels, and save huge amount of money in imports of gas and oil.” With all the benefits of lower investment, no requirement of land, as a sustainable alternative to frequent power cuts in cities and a solution to remote rural areas in the absence of grid, rooftop solar could be the next big thing in the energy domain. The solar energy industry is still at an evolving stage, and with a programme like JNNSM, it is believed that the sector is heading in the right direction. However, when we look at the extent of implementation, the focus seems to be primarily on-grid connected utility-scale projects. Quite evidently, small-scale off-grid or grid-connected projects are often overlooked. The rooftop solar segment has huge potential in the country, yet it lags behind. Roadblocks Grid connection and metering: Besides the cost factor, the other major issues that are seen as roadblocks in
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benefit. These include the available
the proliferation of rooftop solar in India are connectivity to the grid and metering. The existing regulations do not recognize connectivity of rooftop solar systems to the grid at low voltage. On the other hand, lack of clarity on the location, type, accuracy, sealing tedious proposition for both utilities and owners alike. Policy and regulation: The government provides capital subsidies and tax benefits in the form of accelerated depreciation, but that is applicable to solar PV systems only up to 500 kW. At the same time, the long delay in getting the approval o f
One of the fastest economies bill, decrease in transmission and
units which include a lower electricity
projects and subsidy is acting as a deterrent. There is a demand for factoring in the labour cost and the engineering and project management costs while deciding the subsidy structure for solar projects. Rooftop the answer to power woes India is a power-starved nation, and during the peak summer months, even the metros like Delhi and Mumbai have to deal with long hours of power cuts. There is definitely a need to search for alternatives, and that too, viable and sustainable alternatives. The way forward In recent years, India has emerged as one of the fastest economies in the world; however, it is a sad reality that around 400 million of its population is still deprived of electricity. Here comes the role of renewable energy in bridging that power gap, and the opportunity presented by the small-scale solar segment, especially rooftop solar, can have a compelling effect in addressing that issue to a great extent. According to TarunKapoor, Joint Secretary, MNRE, rooftop solar is gradually becoming one of the most important agendas in the JNNSM, and once it takes.
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Climate Change
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he United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol are serviced by the secretariat, also known as the Climate Change Secretariat, whose mandate is laid out in general terms in Article 8 of the Convention. The Kyoto Protocol is seen as an important first step towards a truly global emission reduction regime that will stabilize GHG emissions, and can provide the architecture for the future international agreement on climate change. In Durban, the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) was established to develop a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention,
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applicable to all Parties. The ADP is to complete its work as early as possible, but no later than 2015, in order to adopt this protocol, legal instrument or agreed outcome with legal force at the twentyfirst session of the Conference of the Parties and for it to come into effect and be implemented from 2020.
The growth in technical work needed since the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol (e.g. on reporting guidelines and the LULUCF sector) is leading to a trend of increased technical expertise within the secretariat.
Ecutive Secretary Reports
Secretary-General through
ecutive Secretary reports
Nations in consultation with the COP through its Bureau
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol are serviced by the secretariat, also known as the Climate Change Secretariat, whose mandate is laid out in general terms in Article 8 of the Convention. The Kyoto Protocol is seen as an important first step towards a truly global emission reduction regime that will stabilize GHG emissions, and can provide the architecture for the future international agreement on climate change.. The growth in technical work needed since the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol (e.g. on reporting guidelines and the LULUCF sector) is leading to a trend of increased technical expertise within the secretariat. The secretariat is institutionally linked to the United Nations without being integrated in any programme, and administered under United Nations Rules and Regulations. It now employs some 495 staff, including staff on temporary appointments, from all over the world. Its head, the Executive Secretary, is appointed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations in consultation with the COP through its Bureau, and currently holds the rank of Assistant-Secretary-General. The Executive Secretary reports to the Secretary-General through the UnderSecretary-General hThe secretariat’s structure is kept under review to ensure that it responds to the changing needs of the climate change process.needs of the climate change process. Re-quest october 2013
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re-think Commercial Energy Saving Lighting Solutions The energy efficient lighting provided by Think Energy India is designed with the commercial user in mind. The lighting products are suitable for a wide range of applications, from schools and hotels to office developments and industrial premises. Even outside areas, such as car parks, can benefit from Think Energy India’s energy saving lighting. From halogen replacement light bulbs to the T5 range of fluorescent tubes and new ranges of LED lighting products, you can start saving money and reduce your carbon footprint with Think Energy India.
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PRODUCT RELEASE A Solar Grill Prototype for a Greener Tomorrow ` 8,500 hout being integrated in any programme, and administered under United Nations Rules and Regulations. It now employs some 495 staff, including staff on temporary appointments, from all over th
This would allow you to have your flame kissed meat as well as the ability to slow roast corn from the thermal convection. Currently the technology is in its prototype stage, but if all goes well in a few years you might be able to have Solar-Cooked food at your next barbecue.
` 1,500 ` 2,500 Adventurer Solar Charger. The CLIP-MINI allow you to use the clean energy of the sun to keep your light burning through
Solar Umbrella Lights
the night. Stop limiting how far
Add character to your garden with
you’re able to go out of fear that
these wonderful solar umbrella
your flashlight will run out of
lights. Great for decorating
juice. Say good-bye to disposable
bushes, shrubs, trees, pergolas,
batteries, and say hello to the
trellises, fences and parasols.
Solio CLIPMINI Solar Flashlight!
Solar Wall Light The Kensington Solar Wall Light is designed to be retrofitted to existing brick walls in only minutes to provide a pleasing glow to mark pathways, driveways, steps or anywhere else you need light.
` 800
Solar charger back pack! Camping season is almost here; and if you’re the type of camping enthusiast who can’t leave home without his or her supplies, then you should buy an Adventurer Solar Charger.
` 4,200
` 600 ` 1,200 Solar charger back pack! Camping season is almost here; and if you’re the type of camping enthusiast who can’t leave home without his or her supplies, then you should buy an Adventurer Solar Charger.
Solar Hessian Balls Camping season is almost here; and if you’re the type of camping
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