Compendium Modern Soldier Programmes
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The Soldato Futuro sighting system is currently made of Raytheon Elcan SpecterDR 1-4x, L-3 Warrior System Insight Mini Thermal Monocular and AN/PEQ-15 Aptial laser pointer (Armada/P. Valpolini)
All About Power With the years the term “Future Soldier Programme� has become hardly applicable in a certain number of nations, although many, if not most of the systems announced by certain nations, yet need to enter service. Some soldier modernisation programmes, or SMPs in short, have been announced, but work is still in the starting blocks.
Paolo Valpolini
T
he advent of smartphones with powerful computing capacities is definitely influencing the evolution of many soldier modernisation programmes, to the extent that some had to be moved back to square one to exploit those suddenly available technologies. However, no system in service is yet based on that type of hardware and the related operating system that allows the installation of rapidly developed apps. Currently only France has operationally
fielded an integrated suite. Britain, for its part, has fielded most of the Fist components, although they are only related to sighting and targeting, while Germany deployed its first IdZ-ES equipped infantry battalion to Afghanistan in summer 2013. NETT WARRIOR
One of the programmes that was heavily impacted by the advent of smartphones is definitely the Nett Warrior, the successor of the Land Warrior, which is evolving yearly through Network Integration Evaluations (NIEs). Following the decision to abandon
the conventional way of acquisition, the DOT&E that saw three companies being selected for the development of competing systems to be evaluated, and that of following a cots path, the programme has now gone through various iterations, the one that started last May being NIE 13.2. One thing that is relatively stable is the communications element. The choice went to the General Dynamics C4I Systems AN/PRC-154, which is able to transmit both voice and data simultaneously utilizing the Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW). Thanks to the embedded GPS it continuously transmits the Position Location
Compendium Modern Soldier Programme 2013
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The US Army Nett Warrior programme is sliding towards cots technologies. A typical example of this trend is the use of smartphones. (US Army)
Initial Production order covered 2,052 radios and had a maximum potential value of $11 million if all options are exercised. Initial deliveries started in Q1 2013. Turning to the computer, the “Network Integration Evaluation 13.1” of November 2012 saw the adoption of the first cots item in the form of a Motorola Atrix smartphone. At 135 grams, it featured a 4-inch display with a 960x540 pixel resolution. A Soldier Worn Integrated Power Equipment System was also adopted to extend the endurance of the system – this conformal battery package providing some 14 extra hours to be added to the radio’s 7 hours autonomy. The Atrix screen dimensions were considered too small and for NIE 13.2, which was run in May 2013, a 178-gram Samsung Galaxy Note I was adopted, its 5.3-inch Super Amoled touchscreen having a 1280x800 pixel resolution. However, following the issuing of the Atrix to two of the 10th Mountain Division brigades (the next unit to receive Nett Warrior gear), part of 1st Armored Division will get the Samsung Note II that
The availability of text messages, maps and pictures is one of the goals pursued by the US Army soldier digitisation programme. (US Army)
General Dynamics C4I Systems’ AN/PRC-154 soldier radio is the backbone of the US Army soldier modernisation programme. (US Army)
Information (PLI), enabling situational awareness and blue force tracking, and supports hands-free display and external computer interfaces. The radio operates in UHF and L bands and allows to actively participate in one voice talk call group while simultaneously monitoring other talk groups. At 417 grams without battery and 771 grams with battery, its operational life is of over 10 hours.
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In November 2012 the US Army launched a first contract for the new AN/PRC-154A Nett Warrior Radio. The main difference is that the “Alpha” is made to allow platoon leaders and those above to connect on secure nets up to Secret, while keeping the Sensitive-but-Unclassified connection to the soldiers equipped with the standard radio, even while physical features remain nearly identical. The Low Rate
Compendium Modern Soldier Programme 2013
features a 5.5-inch display and can host memory cards of up to 64 GB. The software has evolved considerably according to user indications, especially in terms of map handling. The Nett Warrior also includes a helmet-mounted display, while the cabling of the various elements has also been upgraded to save weight and improve reliability. Last May – a noteworthy point – the Department of Defense announced the release of the Apple iOS 6 STIG (Security Technical Implementation Guide), adding this operating system to BlackBerry’s Enterprise Service 10 software and Google’s Android OS for Samsung Knox which had already been released. This allows the Department to chose among multiple cots options for its SMPs.
The commanders’ tablet of the Félin French Army soldier-worn C2 system allows to plan a mission on a digital map. (Armada/P. Valpolini) FÉLIN
With the delivery of the 10,000th kit to the French Army, the Félin programme is moving at a steady pace. In the meantime the first lessons learned have started to flow back from Afghanistan: according to 1st Infantry Regiment personnel, who first deployed downrange with the Felin system,
the sights proved of invaluable importance in improving fire effectiveness and reducing ammunition consumption. Each infantry team was normally carrying three thermal imaging sights and four image intensification ones. As for C2, radio performances have to be improved according to French soldiers, who particularly appreciated the osteo-
The Félin system includes a modular protection system that allows soldiers to tailor their equipment according to the mission. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
microphone fitted in the headband. The touch-screen tablet was used only at platoon/company commanders level; on the move it allowed to verify the position of the sub-units, while when static it was used to verify the firing plan, getting the info from section commanders, and to send to higher echelons a summary of the situation. Not been used by the 1st Infantry Regiment in
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Afghanistan, however, were the preformatted messages as well as the headmounted display. Battery endurance proved to be more than sufficient, given the relatively non-intensive use of the system. The spiralisation of the system will see the adoption of a new radio and of a new body armour, the latter aiming at increasing the infantryman mobility by lowering weight and increasing comfort. This should occur two-thirds into the deliveries, that is around kit number 15,000 – out of a total of some 22,000 systems. IDZ-ES / GLADIUS
The Bundeswehr IdZ-ES (Infanterist der Zukunft – Erweiterte System)1, the future infantryman improved system, officially started its operational life on 7 March 2013, when the system was officially handed over from prime contractor Rheinmetall Defence to the President of the BAAIN (formerly BWB), Mr. Harald Stein, in the presence of
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The German IdZ-ES was handed over by Rheinmetall to the German Bundeswehr in early March 2013. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
the General Inspector of the German Army, Lt.Gen. Bruno Kasdorf. In fact one German Army unit, the 12th Security Battalion, has been training with the system since September 2012 in order to gather as much experience as possible. The battalion is now in charge of the instruction of the operational units that will receive the IdZES gear and will deploy in Afghanistan. The first unit to be equipped with the system is the 232 GebirgsjägerBatallion based in Bischofswiesen and part of the 23 Mountain Infantry Brigade, (which will have been redeployed in Afghanistan since Summer 2013). The IdZ-ES familiarisation phase for each of the battalions lasts six weeks and takes place at the Infantry School in Hammelburg. A few elements have been changed, starting with a new helmet, the Ops-Core Fast Ballistic Helmet (1328 grams in the Medium/Large size including Visual
Compendium Modern Soldier Programme 2013
Augmentation System Shroud and rails). With the improved body armour, these two new items result in a 20-25% weight reduction over the previous subsystems. Shortly before the configuration was frozen the German Army decided to adopt the Mehler carrying vest in place of that from Blücher, the latter company nevertheless remaining the main provider for the clothing and protection system. In the field of the night vision, a new thermal imager has been added to the Zeiss Optronics (now Cassidian Optronics) IRV600, a thermal imager perfectly suited for use at longer ranges – 400 to 600 metres – by designated marksmen, snipers or machine gunners, as well as by riflemen operating at medium distances. The performance of this clip-on system, that can detect a person at 1,520 metres, recognise it at 520 and identify it at 250, comes at a price, namely weight,
The electronic backpack of the German IdZ-ES developed by Rheinmetall; Boxer and Puma seats have been adapted to fit that German Army system. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
since the IRV-600 weighs 1,090 grams including batteries, mount and CQB rail. To lighten the burden of the rifleman when operating at shorter engagement distances, under 100 metres, the Bundwswehr added a second clip-on uncooled thermal imager, the Dragon C developed and produced by Qioptiq in Britain. This unit can be integrated with optical day sights in the range of x1 – x4 magnification and thus perfectly fits the Zeiss Optics 4x30 sight chosen for the IdZ-ES. Excluding batteries the Dragon C thermal imager weighs less than 390 grams, its two AA 1.5 V batteries providing over five hours of operation at standard temperature. Each infantry squad will maintain four Cassidian IRV-600, while in mechanised squads we will also find three Qioptiq systems, allowing soldiers to choose their equipment according to the mission. Night vision goggles remain the 51° FoV Lucie II D, 310 of which were ordered to Thales in late 2012. Compared to the standard NVGs of
that type those developed for the IdZ-ES feature an integrated OLED data and video display. With this add-on the Lucie II D can be used for night vision only, image display only, showing terrain layouts or maps, or mixed-mode operation, overlaying tactical
and status information in the upper or lower display area over night vision. Moreover the contract also included 16 Lucie II DIR; these NVGs will feature the Thales Angénieux IR module that creates an image overlay with residual light and thermal image. Thales is also responsible for communications and supplies its Solar 400 EG, lithium-ion batteries as the power supply for the entire electronic backbone, charging stations, antenna kits and adapters and cables. Although currently not yet part of the IdZ-ES, the Rheinmetall man-worn shotgun detector known as AkSL (Akustisches Schützen-Lokalisationssystem) is now a reality and a proposal to the Bundeswehr was filed in late April 2013. The system adopts the well-known configuration with a shoulder pad containing the sensors and the electronics and a light wrist-worn display. Currently seen as a stand-off system, the AkSL might well be integrated into the IdZES, feeding its data into the main computer and exploiting the IdZ-ES man-machine interfaces. The IdZ-ES programme also has a considerable impact on the two new vehicles that are being introduced in service by the Bundeswehr, the wheeled 8x8 Boxer APC and the tracked Puma IFV. The IdZ-ES is being fully integrated in the vehicles, in order to provide a seamless transition from inside the vehicle to outside and vice versa to the dismount, the vehicle being a real member of the infantry squad. Inside the
Qioptiq Dragon C thermal imager is one of the latest addition to the German Army IdZ-ES system. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
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The German Army name for the recently delivered SMP remains IdZ-ES while Gladius is the commercial name used by the company for export. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
vehicle the soldier uses a break-off plug that would disconnect without damage when debussing the APC/IFV even if he forgets to unplug. This plug enables the soldier to use his headset to talk through the intracom, the IdZ-ES batteries to reload and the C2 system to constantly update from the vehicle C2. With the GPS position also being updated, the soldier will know immediately his position upon debussing. Via the C2 system the soldier equipped with the target acquisition system can automatically transmit the target position to the vehicle C2, the latter thus being able to immediately provide fire support. Three target acquisition systems are available, the Jenoptik Bird, the Vectronix Moskito day/night observation and locating units, and the Vectronix Vector IV BT binocular rangefinder; the systems used depend on the type of unit, i.e. a light infantry squad would carry three Moskitos and one Bird. An auto-slaving feature is being proposed by the company but is not part of the current Bundeswehr system, although this may be introduced in future
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batches of Boxers and in the Pumas. Seats were also redesigned to allow IdZ-ESequipped soldiers to properly fit in them to ensure maximum safety in case of mine or roadside bomb explosion. Rheinmetall Defence will soon deliver the kits to make the new infantry vehicles fully apt to operate with the IdZ-ES. Rheinmetall also received a contract and is working with Cassidian to develop a common interface that will allow to integrate the IdZ-ES in the higher level F端hrungs- und Informationssystems Heer, permitting automatic transmission of messages generated by soldiers. This interface will be available by late 2013. Gladius is the name given to the system for the export market. NORMANS
Fall 2012 marked the first deliveries of production Normans (Norwegian Modular Arctic Network Soldier) kits developed by a team led by Thales Norway. The system provides blue force tracking, navigation,
Compendium Modern Soldier Programme 2013
The Normans Light human-machine interface; the Thales Norway system is being proposed in a series of bids that look at a simple and lightweight C2 kit. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
target hand-off and text messaging services, and comes in two different standards, the Normans Light aimed at the individual soldier member of a Dismounted Close Combat squad, and the Normans Advanced used by squad and platoon leaders. The production system is known as Version 2 and is based on a GFE radio, namely the Harris RF 7800S-TR operating in the 350-450 MHz band, though the squad commander is also equipped with a Kongsberg Handheld MH300 VHF set that operates in the 30-88 MHz band. Following a lengthy and unfruitful search for a commercial terminal for the commander version, Thales decided to develop a purpose-made system to overcome readability and ruggedisation problems. The current colour display terminal with map capability weighs 440 grams and allows the squad commander to send free text messages to the soldiers, who receive them on their wrist-worn terminal weighing only 150 grams. This monochrome display is directly linked to the soldier’s radio (which also provides power, the display having a maximum consumption of only 0.3 Watts).
COMBAT CLOTHING
Norway is starting to deploy its Normans soldier-worn C2 system. This unit is the Normans Advanced HMI aimed at commanders. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
LOAD BEARING SYSTEMS
BODY ARMOR
HELMET SYSTEMS
MODULARITY – ADAPTABILITY – PERFORMANCE
The first phase of the British Army Fist programme is well underway, most aiming systems being now in use in Afghanistan. (British Army)
The soldier can send only pre-formatted messages to his commander. A spiralisation of the system is expected. The software, developed by Teleplan Globe, is constantly upgraded, but the integration of other subsystems thanks to the hub principle that allows to add additional sensors might also be implemented. The system developed by Thales Norway is being proposed by the group as the C4I element of its Dismounted Close Combat System, that integrates the Normans together with UK Fist surveillance and target acquisition assets and with the Starmille radio. FIST & CO
The Future Integrated Soldier Technology programme is well known to our readers, the contract for the first increment – the surveillance and target acquisition system – having been assigned to prime contractor Thales UK four years ago (September 2009). It included a suite of day and night weapon sights, observation and target location equipment, to be employed by the dismounted soldier. The British Army aimed at reducing engagement times, improving detection and recognition ranges and increasing first hit probability. Details on subsystems and subcontractors are available in the table. Thales still expects further tranches. However these will come only once the Army restructuring is completed. Deliveries are on track and well underway, as over 50% of the equipment was handed over to the military. The last subsystem accepted in late 2012 was the Vectronix/Wilcox grenade launcher fire control system. A good
portion of the subsystems were delivered well in advance of the original schedule. Moreover, in March 2013 Thales completed deliveries of 8,000 Lightweight Day Sights integrated with Close Quarter Battlesights -
Description
Quantity
Supplier
Fist thermal sight Lightweight day sight Close quarter battlesight Underslung grenade launcher sight UGL fire control system Commander’s target locator Lightweight infantry periscope Ruggedised digital camera Conversion of existing Maxikite 2s & common weapon sights to meet Fist requirements
4,111 10,835 19,122 784 2,090 2,471 856 856 4,176
Qioptiq Elcan Shield Istec Vectronix Vectronix Uniscope Olympus UK Qioptiq
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Compendium Modern Soldier Programme 2013
this was under an separate contract, in addition to the main Fist contract. Another add-on contract was that filed to Vectronix by Thales UK for 1,400 more Moskito multi-function target acquisition systems to be used as Commander’s Target Locator. All the equipment is currently in service in Afghanistan, the first unit to deploy with Fist equipment being the RAF Regiment element of the Herrik 16 rotation that deployed in mid-April 2012, while the following rotations deployed the system with most combat units. The next key milestone for the British programme is the investment decision on the procurement of C4I capabilities. For this Thales is promoting its Normans system (q.v) currently under delivery in Norway, since the system is apparently appreciated by the British Ministry of Defence for its simplicity. The ministry is also sponsoring a series of research programmes with a view to
substantially decreasing weights in the perspective of the acquisition of C4I systems and sensors. Within the overall Generic Soldier Architecture (GSA) development, Cosworth is leading a group of companies in the development of the Man Worn Power & Data Technology Demonstrator Programme (MWPD TDP) to simplify connectivity and reduce weight for body-worn electronic systems. Part of the Cosworth team are BMT Defence Services, CQC, Martec, TE Connectivity and Ultra Electronics. Reducing wiring and integrating it in the clothing is only part of the business, a 18gram power controller having been installed into an Osprey body armour; this draws power from a consumer grade three-cell integral Lithium battery that will change over time to improve performances. A single
high-speed USB2.0 wiring system able to switch and monitor up to seven ports is also integrated into the Osprey and enables adaptive control of the power flow through the clothing. Low priority devices would be disconnected automatically when the battery reaches a predetermined percentage of its charge capacity (the controller is run by an ARM Cortex M4 processor core running at 100MHz and will allow to recharge the system by plugging it into any other power source such as a solar mat, a fuel cell or a vehicle outlet). “Plug” is a word that might disappear in this context, as Martec is providing Cosworth with its Wireless Integrated Power Electronics System. This induction system supplies power and data at very short distances (millimetres or centimetres according to the model).
Cosworth won a contract for the Man Worn Power & Data Technology Demonstrator from the British Ministry of Defence. The aim is to reduce the weight of the electronic vest. (Cosworth) Another area pursued by Cosworth in the development of its Man Power Data is improved connectors, ultra slim and wireless solutions having also been considered. (Cosworth)
Cosworth intends to use the shorter range system to allow wireless connection between the Personal Role Radio and the webbing when the radio is put back into its standard position, while a longer range variant might be adopted to connect the soldier system to the on-board system when the military sits in the vehicle. No need thus to remember about “plugging in”. The power system provides a resilient and highly versatile connection through fully sealed and completely flush surfaces that can operate through a material barrier. When physical connectors can be adopted, Cosworth looked at TE Connectivity systems whose early prototypes were visible at a recent exhibition. These connectors are flat, do not show any cavity, don’t have any pin that may be bent, and can be used even when wet. They ensure USB2.0 data transfer and power specs. The demonstrator was completed in early 2013. In mid-March 2013 Roke Manor Research Ltd, part of the Chemring Group, was awarded a three-year research contract under the Dismounted Close Combat Sensors (DCCS) Research Programme. Roke is leading a team that also includes SEA (Systems Engineering & Assessments) and QinetiQ to assess, mature and integrate innovative sensor technology for the
dismounted close combat infantry soldier. The goal is to develop an open systems architecture to allow for the integration of multiple sensor-based subsystems, such as acoustic, thermal imaging and RF subsystems in order to enhance situational awareness, facilitate collaborative targeting and increase optempo, while minimising size, weight and power burden. Phase 1a, which aimed at identifying new and innovative technologies, is completed and over 200 submissions were received. Phase 1b will look for more complete information in order to carry out a first down-selection, that will then lead to Demo 1 with a first technologies demonstration in October 2013. A second down-selection will then lead to a fully integrated system to be demonstrated in May 2014 at Demo 2. Demo 3 demonstrating the integrated solution working in a live exercise by the Army will take place in February 2015, while in December that year Demo 4 will see the system integrated into a wider Istar environment. VOSS
The Voss programme was originally launched in the Netherlands in 2008 and consists of three autonomous projects: smart vest, integrated head protection and ELighter. The most advanced one of these three components is the E-Lighter. Developed by Fokker Aerostructures it is a lightweight diesel-fueled power source that can provide the energy needed for all the electronic equipment carried by the soldier. The company developed some technology demonstrators and, in September 2011, was awarded a three-year contract by the Dutch Ministry of Defence, which pushed the system into full-steam development. Through the years, Fokker Aerostructures considerably improved the system in terms of efficiency and lifetime, maintaining the same power while decreasing the weight. The prototype configuration weighs 1 kg dry (fuel being of the JP8 or car diesel type). Interest for a full multifuel system has been expressed and the company is working on adjusting the E-Lighter to cope with this requirement. The exhaust has been moved from the side to the bottom, the E-Lighter adding no extra thermal signature to the body according to Fokker. Currently the E-Lighter can provide a maximum output of 15 Watts, with a power
The E-Lighter was improved and will be used together with batteries in a hybrid system that will provide power to the Dutch Voss. (Fokker Aerostructures)
density of 400 Wh/kg and an endurance of 48 hours, that is the double of any currently available batteries. Some 2,000 pieces should be needed by the Dutch Armed Forces, but Fokker Aerostructures hopes to increase this with Belgium and Luxembourg who are partners in the E-Vest. An interest in the micro-diesel power system has also been expressed by the US Marines and Army, as well as by France. Fokker Aerostructures had built 10 prototypes by late 2012, which have been thoroughly and successfully
The E-Lighter diesel power generator is the first system to have been ordered as part of the Dutch Voss programme. (Fokker Aerostructures)
tested by the Dutch Army in early 2013. The results are be used for the upcoming stage that will bring the E-Lighter to TRL7. As for the Smart Vest, this includes radios, both soldier-worn and vehiclerelated, near eye displays, ruggedized tablets, energy grids, ballistic protection, vests, rucksacks, etc. Its acquisition process is still running, the Netherlands acting as single contracting nation on behalf of all Benelux countries. After contract award, the pre-series will be established and units tested. Serial production is scheduled for 2015 and further. According to industrial sources a first shortlist has been established although major modifications have also been required from the three remaining competitors, contract award being scheduled for late 2013 – early 2014. Contenders include Sagem (which leveraged work done on the FÊlin for the C4I components) and NFM of Norway for the vest itself and protection elements. Compared to the French solution, the Sagem C4I proposal to the Netherlands is quite different, as it is focused on risk management, introducing innovations according to the risk level. The software is derived from the one used by the French Army. The Voss solution is being extended to the other two Benelux countries, Belgium and Luxemburg, the Netherlands being the leading country. Three versions of
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the system are being offered, Light, Basic and Enhanced. The Light includes the radio, the push-to-talk, an energy grid system and one battery. The Basic adds the portable computer and a near-to-eye display, while the Enhanced adds a display for the commander. Integrating the soldier’s electronics into vehicles used by three different armies is an issue as some 15 different vehicle models have to be interfaced with the soldier. To this end Sagem developed a communications front-end that provides full interface between the vehicle and the soldier battle management systems, as well as between the two radios. A Q-Box allows to select the radio set as well as to tune the volume. The vehicle kit also includes an energy distribution grid and battery chargers. Interestingly, the three Benelux countries have already made their choice regarding protection by adopting an integrated system by NFM of Norway. In 2006 Belgium adopted a load carrying vest with ballistic protection inserts, which was open to the integration of electronic components. Luxemburg followed a similar path in 2011. The concept was to have a system that provides as much modularity as possible in terms of protection level and protected area, considering the time the protection has to be worn. Indeed the concept considers that a minimal protection has to be worn at all times, namely the fragment protection under the combat vest, which can then be enhanced with add-ons up to full-spectrum protection, modularity allowing to tailor it to humanitarian, riot control and classic combat situations. Ballistic plates can be inserted either in the soft vest under the uniform or in the load-bearing vest over it. The Load Carrying Vest (LCV) has thus been developed in three versions, “A” as operational vest, “B” in the integrated form, and “C” as plate carrier. A grab pack for short-time patrol is carried inside the vehicle, while an 80-liter rucksack is available for 48-hour missions. As for protection plates, NFM is improving the bonding between ceramic and backing using heat press vacuum PET instead of glue, and fully encasing the ballistic pack in order to make it apt for HAHO and underwater missions. Although this solution does not reduce thickness it yields marginal weight saving. While protection remains a constant, not much is known about the two remaining competitors in terms of C4I proposals.
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The last of the three elements in the Dutch Voss system will be the integrated head protection system. The Netherlands launched a first market survey in 2010, following a study phase carried out by the TNO which led to a modular approach for a head protection that included a mandible protection. The survey revealed that a market for modular helmets was developing and the acquisition was thus postponed to benefit from an off-the-shelf approach. A survey update was launched in April 2013, with evaluation during the Summer, in view of an acquisition in 2014. DOMINATOR-LD
Elbit Systems’ Dominator scored a considerable success as some of its components are now part of programmes in Israel, Finland, Australia and in some undisclosed countries, including in Latin America. It is built around the Personal Digital Unit, a navigation and tracking system providing soldiers location when GPS signal is not available, an energy distribution box, a rechargeable powerpack and an eyepiece, plus a dedicated fighting load vest, a planning display while a targeting binocular is added for some elements in the unit. The Dominator system is linked to the soldier radio provided by the customer,
While its Dominator is now well in use in the Israeli Defence Forces, Elbit Systems is now proposing a lighter version known as Dominator LD. (Elbit Systems)
Compendium Modern Soldier Programme 2013
The Personal Digital Unit is the key element of Elbit’s Dominator Light Dismounted. (Elbit)
while the software can also be adapted to fit into the bigger C4I scenario of the selected country. Known in Israel as Integrated Infantry Combat System, the Dominator can also include the use of drones and ground robots. Technology evolution allows further miniaturisation and to improve the SWaP equation Elbit developed the Dominator LD (Light Dismounted) that interfaces with the previous Dominator, the latter being now considered more for use by commanders while the LD is aimed at the individual soldier in the fire team. The key element of the new system is the Raptor, an all-in-one wearable computing unit specifically designed for soldier use. Weighing only 285 grams (versus the 450 grams of the Dominator Personal Digital Unit) the Raptor features a 4.3-inch 800x480 resolution resistive touch screen that can be operated with gloves and be read in sunlight up to 600 cd/m2. It runs on an ARM Cortex A8 720MHz CPU and has a 512MB DDR2 SDRAM, storage coming in the form of a 16 GB SD card. The Raptor supports both Android and Linux operating systems. It features a built-in GPS and a digital compass while two USB ports are available, radio interface being provided by two RS-232 synchronous and asynchronous ports. The proposed radio is the Tadiran PNR1000A advanced personal network radio working in the 225-512 MHz band with adjustable output power of 0.5, 1 and 2 W
TX, two RX and 17 stand-by mission profile. When on the move the Dominator-LD’s soldier interface can include the eyepiece and joystick adopted for the Dominator IICS, which also contains a digital compass and camera. Overall the Dominator-LD weighs less than one kilogram. SOLDATO FUTURO
A close up of the screen of Elbit’s Dominator LD PDU; the system is fully compatible with the earlier Dominator. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
and a range of 2-3 km in open space. Equipped with embedded GPS the PNR1000A features a proprietary dynamic network architecture that eliminates the need for a central control unit and optimises communications in difficult areas such as urban canyons. It can also connect to the vehicle intercom system for full long-range connectivity via vehicle radios. In intrateam conferencing mode it accepts up to six speakers. With the currently available wave forms the data rate can reach 320 KBps; however Elbit Systems expects to increase the throughput of this software driven radio up to 1 MBps. Powered by a Li-Ion battery it can operate for 20 hours with one hour
The delivery of the first 60 production kits of 558 ordered as a first batch of the Italian Soldato Futuro is planned for September 2013, with final deliveries expected in late 2014. Their configuration will be that of the so-called “precursors” seen in March 2012 during the last tests. This includes the UHF/VHF Selex ES SWave handheld software defined radio operating in the 30512 MHz band, the ITT Exelis TM-NVG (Tactical Mobility – Night Vision Goggle), the Elacan SpecterDR 1-4x coupled for night firing to the L-3 Warrior Systems’ Insight Mini Thermal Monocular, and the AN/PEQ15 APTIAL laser pointer from the same latter company. As interim target acquisition system the Steiner 10x50 R LRF binocular with integrated laser rangefinder provided by Beretta Defence Technologies replaced the Selex ES Linx, which is currently the subject of further developments. Turning to the weapon, the original
Beretta ARX-160 has evolved into the A1 model. Major differences include a bigger magazine catch (which is also better protected), a shorter buttstock to cope with body-armour equipped soldiers and with sand and mud. All those modifications were drawn from the development of the A2 aimed at Special Forces. The GLX-160’s 40 mm underbarrel grenade launcher was also improved with a front rubber buffer to protect the barrel in case of shock, while the barrel length has been reduced to 350 mm. Besides the 92 rifles provided for the preproduction Soldato Futuro kits and the further 558 that are part of the first production batch, the ARX-160 has already been acquired in great numbers by the Italian Army. Two contracts for nearly 2,000 rifles were issued, the first rifles having been deployed to Afghanistan in 2009. A further contract for over 11,000 weapons was subsequently filed, these being at a near A1 configuration. All the further contracts for nearly 10,000 rifles with options for 3,000 more were for the full A1 version. This allowed to deliver the new rifle to the units deploying downrange well ahead Soldato Futuro deliveries. The same applied to the sights, over 4,000 SpectreDR and nearly 250 each of the L-3 thermal clip-on and laser pointer having been acquired as UORs. A split program known as SIC (Sistema
Anticipating the Soldato Futuro programme the Italian Army started the acquisition not only of the Beretta ARX-160 rifle but also of sighting systems. (ISAF RC-West)
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Compendium Modern Soldier Programme 2013
Selex ES SDR-HH fitted to its vehicular attachment. This Finmeccanica company is also proposing other soldier radios for numerous SMPs. (Selex ES)
Individuale di Combattimento, for Individual Combat System) has now been launched. This will lead to the acquisition of 6,602 kits split between 4,257 “basic rifleman”, 803 “basic grenadier” and 1,542 “basic commander” kits, in the 2013-15 timeframe. The SIC will include rifles, sights, SDR HH radios, NVGs, as well as protective equipment. However, units equipped with the SIC will receive the additional equipment
to bring them to full Soldato Futuro configuration. Not only does this allow all mature elements to be fielded in advance, but it also spreads equipment costs. The first orders were placed in 2013 and first deliveries are planned for 2014. Clearly the SDR radio capabilities will not be fully exploited in that stand-alone configuration, the radio being provided with a double pushto-talk, one worn on the soldier harness while the second will be installed on the rifle. One of the functions that will remain is the Manet (Mobile Ad-hoc Network) that allows one to talk even when numerous obstacles break into the line of sight, as is the case in urban areas. The usefulness of this facility was evidenced by the Selex ES radio during operation “Atalanta”, the anti-piracy mission carried out in the Horn of Africa. Italian Navy boarding teams – each with up to 8 men – were equipped with the SWave HH, to forward without any relay voice and images to the mothership, at a range of about one nautical mile. The Manet allowed to do that, up to two streaming videos being sent back to the naval vessel from inside the merchant ship under verification. The order covering a further 1,024 Soldato Futuro kits is already planned and financed. According to industrial sources
The availability of Selex ES SDR Hand Held radio allowed to completely revise the architecture of the Italian Soldato Futuro, reducing weight as well as the number of elements. (Selex ES)
System interface of the Soldato Futuro. Deliveries of the first production items to the Italian Army are expected to start in late 2013. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
these might have a different configuration especially in the C2 component. Selex ES has already proposed an upgraded computer with a better display and a lower power consumption than the current LRT440, while Android-based solutions might also be taken into consideration as the Italian Army, like many others, is watching with great interest America’s decision to follow that path. Selex ES is proposing its system to the international market. Russia has been one of the main targets in 2012, while the Indian programme seems to proceed very slowly. The company answered to numerous RfQs, but it is still too early to see if anything will materialise. To improve its chances on the export market Selex ES is offering a lower cost radio in place of the Swave HH in the form of the Frontline Soldier Radio (FSR). This operates in two bands, UHF between 350 and 450MH with wideband and narrowband waveforms, and 2.4 GHz with the Personal Role Radio waveform, which allows those armies that invested heavily in PRRs to maintain those radios in service. Both UHF waveforms ensure the dual-net function, which means that the squad commander can monitor both the squad and the platoon radio nets with a single radio. When the C2 module is fitted to the FSR, this allows the radio to host the C2 applications thus replacing in fact the body-worn computer. The FSR provides independent encrypted voice and data as well as automatic position reporting, being equipped with an integral GPS. In urban areas it is capable to form an ad hoc self-healing network and has intrinsic relay capability.
Compendium Modern Soldier Programme 2013
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ISSP
Initially approved in 2008, the long awaited decision on the Integrated Soldier System Project (ISSP) did not materialise. Indeed Public Works and Government Services Canada announced on 25 January 2013 that all bidders were non compliant in response to the ISSP Request For Proposal, which was launched in February 2012 and closed on June 11 2012. On February 15 this year a draft RFP to acquire integrated suites of cutting-edge equipment under the ISSP was issued. An industry day was subsequently held on March 5, this time leading to a formal RFP on March 31 with 1 August as
Rheinmetall Canada is one of the contenders in the ISSP programme. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
the closing date. According to available information five or six teams are expected to have answered the bid, including Thales Canada, Rheinmetall Canada, Elbit Systems, DRS/Selex and Raytheon/Sagem. The RFP looks at the acquisition of up to 6,624 integrated suites (the number has not changed) over four years, with a first batch of 1,600 systems and further optional batches up to the total number. A second contract will include In-Service Support and Improvement Activities over a period of five years plus three two-year irrevocable options. If and when requested improvement activities will allow to update the system. One of the foreseen improvements should aim at allowing ISSP voice and data integration with the new Land
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Compendium Modern Soldier Programme 2013
The Rheinmetall Canada proposal for the Canadian ISSP programme pictured during the 2012 trials. (Rheinmetall)
Command Support System and may include changes to the messaging solution and communication protocols, integration of a Cross Domain Solution and of a Type 1 radio. The contract award for the first batch is expected to be announced in December 2014. According to Canadian sources the new RfP does not contain radical modifications to the requirements. Apparently the main changes involve the assessment process and documents, as the procedure adopted in the previous round appears to have been the source of trouble. This being said, it will be interesting to see to what extent the new proposals will differ from the previous ones.
The DRS proposal for Canada during trials in 2012. All bidders were declared non compliant and the acquisition process was restarted. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
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The Swiss Army assault rifle in its Imess configuration, with Sagem sight, laser pointer and forward handgrip. (Armasuisse)
IMESS
The Swiss Imess (Integriertes Modulares Einsatzsystem Schweizer Soldat) or Integrated and Modular Engagement System for the Swiss Soldier is aimed at improving the Swiss Army soldier C4I, lethality, mobility, survivability and sustainability. Principle trials with the IdZ-BS (Basis System) on loan from Germany were carried out in the mid2000s. For the subsequent steps, Switzerland established an Integrated Project Team of specialists from Armasuisse, Armed Forces Staff, Land Forces as well as from the Armed Forces Command Support Organisation and the Armed Forces Logistics Organisation. In 2007 Eads Defence & Security (now Cassidian), the producer of the IdZ-BS, was chosen as prime contractor and system house for the Imess overall integration, the Imess being thus based on the company’s Warrior 21. The team also included a number of subcontractors among which were Sagem of France for the optronics, Kongsberg of Norway for the radio, and SSZ of Switzerland for textile components, while General Dynamics-Mowag and Ascom Security Solutions (now Ruag Defence) were responsible for the integration of the Imess into the Radschützenpanzer 93 (Piranha 8x8) armoured personnel carrier and in the Duro I. Combining the experience of the different subcontractors an ad-hoc system was designed for the Swiss needs and, in 2007, the Confederation acquired 25 Imess prototypes and five vehicle sets from the prime contractor. These systems were
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thoroughly field tested by the Swiss Army. On the basis of the results thus obtained the Swiss Armed Forces Command decided to continue the project step by step. This led to a CHF20 million contract signed on 31 January 2011 covering modifications to the existing systems and the acquisition of further systems to reach a total of 43 soldiers and 10 vehicles sets – in other words a complete Imess infantry platoon. The upgrade mostly aims at reducing the number of components, improve power consumption and toughen the harness and cabling of the system. The C2 has been
The back of the Imess e-vest; the vest carries two batteries, the computer that coordinates all electronic components, and the radio. (Armasuisse)
Compendium Modern Soldier Programme 2013
developed to cope with the functions needed from the individual soldier up to company level, and support both dismounted and mounted operations. The C4I suite communications asset is the Kongsberg SR600 inter-squad UHF software defined radio. It can provide different network capabilities based on selected waveforms and bandwidths. This radio can handle a number of parallel voice networks and IP multi-hop data network in one network. The SR600 operates in the 225-400 MHz frequency range with an output power of between 10 mW and 1 W. The bandwidth is up to 5 MHz and provides a data rate of up to 2500 kbps, allowing video and image transmission. The SR600 weighs 0.7 kg and can be powered by a 9 to18-Volt source. The Imess adopts the Esterline – Racal Acoustics RA6000 Talon push-to-talk system. This is a four-channel system that can operate up to two soldier radios, one platform intercom and one platform radio, and features an Integral Active Noise Reduction (ANR) hearing, supporting circumaural, in-the-ear, low noise and covert headsets types. It operates on one 1.5Volt AA battery, from radio/intercom power, as well as without power (fai-safe mode). The RA600 Talon has a weight of 242 grams with battery and is linked to an RA5500 Frontier In-The-Ear headset. Attached to the vest is the portable PC, the choice having favoured the Roda Mildef Panther DB6, a 690-gram device with a magnesium alloy case that includes most
functions of a full-size PC into a PDA-sized format. Connectivity includes USB 2.0, SDHC and Bluetooth 2.1. The DB6 runs on a 1.6 GHz Intel Atom Z530 CPU with 512 KB L2 cache and a 2 GB DDR2 RAM. An SSD 1.8” PATA card allows to store up to 32 GB of data. A 5-inch touch-screen sunlight viewable display is the main interface while seven buttons are available as function keys. A SIM card can also be installed. The Panther DB06 is directly powered from Imess system batteries or alternatively by a 7.4 V / 3900 mAH Lithium-Ion battery, and its dimensions are 200 x 94 x 36 mm. The new Imess carrying vest contains the radio, a weight- and energy-optimised body computer for the coordination and control of all electronic system components, two highcapacity system batteries and sensors for GPS and inertial navigation. As visual man-machine interface when on the move the Imess uses the Sagem OVD Mk2 monocular display mounted on the protective helmet, which is a version of the one adopted for the French Félin. To increase lethality a suite of optronic components mount on the assault rifle. The main sighting aid is provided by Sagem and derives directly from the sight of the French Félin system. The Sword T&D couples an uncooled thermal imager with a wide field of view of 9.4° and a magnification of x2, which can be doubled thanks to a digital zoom, to a day CCD channel with a wide field of view of 7.3° and a x3 magnification and a narrow angle of 2.4° and a x10 magnification, the image being shown on a monocular oled colour display with a 25° field of view. To allow the soldier to operate
The Sword Light night aiming sight mounted on a rifle; this item is much smaller than its equivalent in the French system. (Sagem)
the sight while keeping his hands on the weapon the Imess also includes the Sagem control handle. Weighing less than 1.6-kg, the Sword T&D is powered by a special battery that provides 4.5 hours of autonomy. In clear weather the sighting system provides a man detection at over 6 km, recognition at over 2 km and identification at
Roda Mildef DB06 portable computer is the interface between the Swiss soldier and its Imess equipment. (Armasuisse)
1 km, although these ranges are cut to around one third at night. On top of the Sword the Swiss Army will install an L-3 EoTech holographic sight for close combat situations, the choice having fallen upon the 551 model. One of the side Picatinny rails will host the cFL-02 Mk2 from Ilee of Switzerland. The system features a 635 nm visible laser beam (with two output powers), less than 1 mW (Class 2) or 3.5 mW (Class 3R), and a visible diode light in the 400-700 nm band providing 250 Lumen using only 3 watts of power. The cFL-02 Mk2 has five operating modes: laser only, light only or strobe only, laser and light, laser and strobe light. At around 180 grams with two C123 battery, the cFL-02 Mk2 can operate for 60 hours with red laser beam only and for over 1.6 hours with light and laser on. Beside the systems mounted on the rifle, the infantry team will also enhance its lethality thanks to the adoption of a not yet selected fire control unit for the 40mm grenade launcher. To increase survivability the Imess kit includes a new protective helmet system with a mounting for optronic equipment, protective goggles, and a modular body
Compendium Modern Soldier Programme 2013
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The Imess programme will also have an impact on existing vehicles as exemplified by this Piranha 8x8 fitted with Imess connecting points in the ceiling. (Armasuisse)
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armour capable of protecting the soldier both from stabs and high-velocity ammo. The protected surface is adapted to the mission’s requirements, the body armour being composed of a jacket, a collar and a groin protector. A portable hydration pack from Source in Israel completes the Imess kit. The first five new standard-compliant prototypes will be delivered in Q2 2013. Five more are expected in Q3. The delivery of the remaining systems covered by the contract is planned for the first quarter of 2014. The platoon-level system will then undergo a second field trial, followed in 2015 by an extended technical/operational test phase. Late 2015 will see the beginning of a 300-day long-term test in daily operation by infantry conscripts that will end in 2016. In parallel all required basic documents, such as deployment concept, training concept, system logistics management concept etc., will be finalised, to be prepared for a possible series procurement from late 2016 on. So far and until end 2016 the Imess project funding is granted by the credit for military “Project Planning, Evaluation and Procurement Preparations”. Until now
Compendium Modern Soldier Programme 2013
funds worth CHF 37 million were approved for the project. To this day a little over CHF 36 million were turned into contracts. At the moment the Swiss Armed Forces have no definite plans, with respect to budget year and procurement size, for a major procurement of Imess production systems. TYTAN
A team of 14 companies headed by Bumar is still awaiting a decision by the Polish authorities about the future of the Tytan programme, as currently the requirements drafted in 2009 have not yet been confirmed, nor under the technical neither under the operational point of view. In Fall 2012 the new small arms family, developed by Fabryka Broni “Łucznik”, part of Bumar Soldier; pre-production samples of the MSBS 5,56 mm (da Modułowy System Broni Strzeleckiej for light modular weapon The bullpup version of the MSBS, the assault rifle proposed by Fabryka Broni “Lucznik” for the Polish Tytan programme. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
The conventional version of the MSBS assault rifle family together with the 40 mm grenade launcher; the Polish Tytan programme is awaiting a political decision. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
system) available in both normal and bullpup versions together with a new dedicated 40 mm underbarrel grenade launcher and a 9 mm pistol. PCO is to provide the aiming sights and night vision systems; an II-TI fusion system prototype shown in 2010 was not exhibited in 2012, which might indicate that it is not yet technologically mature. The C4I suite is provided by a trio of companies, Bumar Electronic, Radmar and WB Electronic. Protection is the responsibility of Maskpol, which exhibited the new NBC protection mask purposely developed for the Tytan programme. An initial batch of kits to equip a reinforced platoon might be acquired, but not earlier than 2016, while the first battalion-size unit should not receive the Tytan before 2018. A noteworthy point is that beside the Tytan equipment, WB Electronic has developed the PSI, a portable system working in the 200-600 MHz frequency band and weighing 950 grams that concentrates the capacities of a GSM telephone, of a UHF radio and of a touch-screen terminal, the range in UHF being of about 1 km.
The starting point of the Czech Army soldier modernisation programme is the acquisition of some 8,000 new weapons from CZ. These include the CZ805 Bren assault rifle in 5.56 mm calibre (the 7.62 mm version was not part of the deal) with the 360 mm barrel, the Scorpion EVO3A1sub-machine gun and the CZ 75 SP-01 Phantom pistol, both in 9x19 mm calibre. This will considerably reduce the number of types of small arms in use, facilitating training and logistics. These weapons, equipped with Meopta day and night sights, are already in use in Afghanistan by the Czech contingent and deliveries should be completed by year end. A new purchase of several thousand weapons is planned from 2014 on, in batches
The grenade launcher of the CZ 805; after modernising the weapons the Czech Army is now looking to a C2 system, and is considering various off-the-shelf options. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
were demonstrated to high-ranking officers. Hardware was provided by Bharat Electronics. The C2 software included functions to be used from company commander down to the single soldier, providing common operational picture, situational awareness, blue force tracking, mission planning and execution, preformatted and free text management, biometric authentication, physiological monitoring display and dissemination. In addition to the computer, the hardware included a wrist display, a navigation aid based on GPS and DRM (Dead Reckoning Module), the prototype of a hand-held IP radio with voice, data and video transmission, centralised power pack and power management, target acquisition assets, and power chargers in various forms, conventional, solar and crank. Tata Advanced Systems is also focusing on the F-Insas suite programme, and is currently developing a UHF Soldier Radio with multiple channel bandwidths (25 KHz, 500 KHz, 1.2 MHz) and power levels (0.25W, 1W, 2W). The programme is obviously attracting foreign competitors, and the RFP for new weapons has already been issued. The first step in the Czech Army soldier modernisation is linked to the weapons, the CZ 805 assault rifle in 5.56x45 mm calibre being the new assault rifle. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
that depend on funds availability. Currently C4I and Istar equipment has been acquired only for specialised elements, such as TACPs (Tactical Air Control Parties) and FACs (Forward Air Controllers). However 2014 should see the launch of the next step of the modernisation plan, which will include a C4I system for the individual soldier. Currently the Army General Staff is writing the requirements. Numerous companies are looking with interest at a possible RFP, notably Rheinmetall that had intense talks with Czech officials and is proposing the core C4I system of its Gladius. Later on the Czech Army will start working on the protection issue, which will include uniforms, body armour and helmets, and which will have to be compatible with the current Pandur wheeled armoured vehicle as well as with a new tracked vehicle.
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COMFUT
Not much is known about the future of the Spanish ComFut programme, which was hit like many other initiatives by the country’s harsh economical situation. Following the delivery of the 36 sets in December 2009 field trials led to a €900.000 contract for system improvement in December 2011 with deliveries of 18 upgraded sets expected for the current year. No details about the upgrades are currently available. F0-INSAS
The Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR) and the Defence Electronics Application Laboratory (DEAL) are working on the development of the Integrated Computer, Communication and Software System (ICCS) and on the Software Defined Radio (SDR) that are intended for the Indian “Futuristic Infantry Soldier as a System” (F-Insas). In June 2012 some of the functionalities
Compendium Modern Soldier Programme 2013
ACMS
With its Advanced Combat Man Systems (ACMS) now in service in numbers with the national army, Singapore Technologies Kinetics has developed a light version of its system, appropriately called ACMS-Lite. The development was financed by the Singapore Armed Forces, which may well reveal an interest for a lighter and simpler system compared to the current suite that weighs nearly five kilos. The new ACMSLite chest-mounted control and display unit is smartphone-like and runs on an Android operational system that supports a simpler C2 software derived from that used by the national armed forces. The smartphone-like terminal ensures network communications and is based on the latest ARM processor. The system load bearing vest has also been improved with the adoption of fabric cables that connect the various subsystems, the add-on weight of the ACMS-Lite being now less than two kilos.
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On, or Soon on, the Modern Soldier Market As said earlier in this Compendium, numerous companies are proposing systems that might well fit into new soldier modernisation programmes or into the spiralisation of existing programmes. Reviewing all those systems in this Compendium is clearly impossible without turning it into something akin to a telephone directory. We shall thus restrict coverage to some of the latest products seen in the most recent exhibitions. I QINETIQ
In late January 2013 QinetiQ North America launched its Integrated Warrior System (IWS). Far from proposing a proprietary integrated solution, QinetiQ followed the latest trends by proposing an
open architecture solution based on a peripheral-agnostic hub known as Q-Hub with an optimised wiring system. The QHub is available in various configurations in terms of available ports (four, seven, nine), is smaller than an iPhone and weighs less than
This Physical Optics flexible display exemplifies the hi-tech systems that are in the making. (Armada/P. Valpoini)
200 grams. Software-controlled functions allow the Q-Hub to manage power sources and data communications. The interface per se can be a smartphone, a tablet or another tactical computer. QinetiQ has so far worked with Androidbased systems, although the system proved that it is able to work with Windows-based or Linux-based systems if the appropriate software is loaded. The company has already developed software versions for nearly 30 different Android systems. Settings that will then manage power and data priorities can be changed via the interface. It is also possible to monitor power sources’ status. The single battery solution is the preferred option, but although many peripherals have their own batteries, some organisations (the US Army) still retain these as back-ups. The Q-Hub allows to ensure that the main battery maintains peripheral batteries at 100% charge, but can be programmed to prioritise peripherals, with the radio as the last item to be shut down. The same applies to the data flow,
priorities being given to the data sent to, or received from, the various peripherals. Besides the end-user device, the Q-Hub can be plug-and-play linked to a variety of systems such as standard issue radios, positioning devices, laser rangefinders, shotgun detection sensors, environmental sensors. QinetiQ NA worked hard on ergonomics with retired and in-service military personnel, and developed a flat wiring system that eliminates cable management issues and reduces weight. Being more flexible, the QinetiQ NA solution does not require loops, and thus tends to require shorter connection wires for the same number of peripherals. The company provides those cables with standard issue connectors; however some programmes underway require specific connectors that can be easily provided. According to QinetiQ NA the wiring spider is almost invisible to the warfighter and does not hamper his mission. Wireless data connection solutions have already been demonstrated, although no requests have yet
A detail of a fastener-like connector developed by Physical Optics Corporation for its Wearnet system. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
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Compendium Modern Soldier Programme 2013
come for such systems. Less than three months after its unveiling the IWS was already in service in numbers: by late April over 1,000 systems were deployed with US forces, various units having acquired the system under the Urgent Operational Needs scheme. It is however quite sure that Nett Warrior officials will take a close look at the performances yielded by such a system. It was developed with a focus on cost and versatility, which are two key elements in the US Army soldier modernisation programme. I PHYSICAL OPTICS
Physical Optics Corporation (POC) is a California-based systems integrator of advanced technology whose portfolio includes integrated wearable networks and other soldier-related equipment. The backbone of those systems is the Wearnet, a system providing a body-worn common network to the warfighter that allows power and data connectivity. The Wearnet can be easily integrated into the warfighter combat vest, for instance the Improved Outer Tactical Vest, and features
With The Widest Range Of Radio Platforms & Waveform Support, The Sky’s The Limit
Physical Optics Corporation Wearnet includes a connectivity spider that can be integrated into fabrics as well as ultra-slim connectors similar to fasteners. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
flat cables with EMI/RFI shielding and riveted low-profile Snapnet connectors. Similar to snap fasteners, the latter are less than 8 mm thick and thus considerably reduce interferences with soldier-worn loads compared to standard connectors. Mission equipment packages are all Snapnet compliant and therefore the whole connectivity spider can be integrated into fabrics. The Wearnet heart is the USB Hub which is connected to the soldier PDA. Physical Optics has also developed the Hierarchical Intelligent Energy Resource Controller, which through Snapnet connectivity, intelligently senses the voltage requirement of each device to supply the proper voltage to each system and monitor power consumption. Because the controller allows the use of a single source to provide appropriate power in a range of 3 to 40 Volts, real plug-andplay modes are possible. Another item that enhances the Wearnet capabilities is the Flexible Lightweight Intelligent Power Distribution (FLIPD); this ensures power distribution but also senses the real-time power draw that is sent to a microcomputer for presentation of the power situation to the soldier. The FLIPD can take the power either from a body-worn source, such as a central battery, or from a vehicle source, in the latter case allowing to reload body-worn batteries. Amongst other soldier-dedicated systems, Physical Optics also has developed a Tactical Flex Display (TFD), an arm-worn display based on E-ink and polymer substrate technology that allows the screen to be rolled into a radius of less than two inches. The TFD is available in different sizes, from 3.8 to 6 inch in diagonal, and can be provided in grey scale or full colour, with a
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Saab’s 9Land Soldier sPAD is a lightweight C2 system based on a handheld device and a connection hub. (Saab)
resolution of 320x240. The lack of backlighting allows a low power consumption, a battery ensuring over eight hours of operation. The TFD is sunlight readable and is compatible with night lighting and NVGs. Its touch screen can be operated with a pen as well as with capacitive gloves. The display is compatible with Windows CE or Android operating systems and can be connected to the body-worn computer either by cable, with a USB 2.0 480 Mbps speed, or via WiFi 802.11. It features a 64 GB embedded memory and can be used to display text, maps, images and videos. Another human machine interface is the company’s full-colour Head Mounted Display which provides a 39.5° diagonal field of view on a 800x600 SVGA oled display. At 35 grams, the system is very light and low on power consumption at 250 mW. However, more is in the making. Known as the Philip-NVG, its peculiarity is its field of view, as it provides the user with a panoramic view of 95° horizontally and 40° vertically with a 3000x1000 pixel resolution. I SAAB
Saab, for its part, unveiled a new soldier C2 system at Eurosatory 2012. Known as 9Land Soldier sPAD, this ultra-low weight system comes in two components, a handheld
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device and a connection hub. The 185-gram handheld device features a glove compatible 3.7 inch full-colour touch screen hosted in a 131.5 x 78.5 x 17.5 mm case. An ambient light sensor allows to automatically adapt the backlight, the system also featuring built-in magnetic compass and accelerometer, while a microSD card slot hosts a 16 GB card provided as standard. The sPAD is based on an ARM Cortex A8 processor with a Power SGX graphic accelerator, and has 512 MB RAM and 512 Flash memories. It can run on Linux 2.6 or Android 2.2 operating systems. The current software provides functions like Blue Force Tracking as well as navigation, mapping and overlay of friendly and opposing forces. Only pre-formatted messages can be sent, under the consideration that this reduces errors when the soldier is under the combat-induced stress. Seven command buttons, two on both sides and three on the top, allow singlehand left- and right-hand operation. The handheld device can be placed in different positions, such as chest or arm, and is linked by cable to the connection hub. This comes in the form of a 61 x 118 x 27 mm box with five rugged connectors, and weighs 119 grams. Two connectors link the system to a 6-16 Volt power source, a built-in voltmeter
Compendium Modern Soldier Programme 2013
ensuring proper voltage output to the sPAD, while the three remaining ports can be used to support a combination of different features thanks to the cabling system provided within the package. Among the features that can be linked are audio in and out line, RS-232 and RS-422 ports, host controllers, USB 2.0 ports, the use of a second USB Hub allowing to further increase the number of USB 2.0 ports. The standard battery provided by Saab has a weight of 289 grams and ensures up to 12 hours of activity, the total weight of the sPAD system reaching thus 825 grams. The system can integrate inertial navigation systems, laser rangefinders, military GPS, cameras, and of course radios. The sPAD can easily accept any type of modern voice/data radio. Saab has already integrated the Polish Radmore 35010 PSR as well as the Harris RF-7800S-TR personal radio and is currently expanding the number of radios it can work with. The 9Land sPAD is being proposed both in Sweden for the Markus and in Canada for the ISSP. An evolution of the system is already underway. In terms of software, considerations are being made on providing the infantry squad leader with additional capabilities, while the 9Land sPAD might in the future be equipped with software
Lighter, yet more capable than its predecessor, The new Invisio V60 push-to-talk system might fit into future modern soldier kits. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
applications dedicated to specific functions such as JTAC, FOO, etc. Those are already part of the higher echelon 9Land BMS, used in platoon and above elements and loaded onto the company Rugged Soldier System ensemble. Its key element is a Rugged Portable Computer (RPC) based on a PC platform with Intel CoreDuo, an Intel Graphics Controller, and 2 GB SDRAM, and can run on Windows or Linux operating systems. The RPC, which can be equipped with an internal GPS, is designed for demanding 2D/3D graphics processing and presentation. With dimensions of 37 x 126 x 174 mm the RPC weighs 900 grams and is linked to a 5-inch Rugged Portable Display, is equipped with a low reflection touch screen and a TFT display with LED-backlighting for best daylight viewing, while power is provided by a 10.8 V 5.2 Ah Lithium Ion Rugged Portable Battery. These two elements weigh respectively 350 and 550 grams, for a grand total of less than 2 kg including cables. The 9Land BMS software comes in three different versions, Tracker, Integrator and Net Commander. The Tracker version is the one that fits the basic needs of light vehicles, its key functionalities being navigation and route management, blue force tracking, reports, and alarms and alerts. Integrator is dedicated to heavy combat vehicles, while Net Commander is the commanders’ tool at brigade and beyond levels. I RAPID MOBILE
Turning to terminals, Rapid Mobile of South Africa launched its RT5 tactical terminal at
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DSEI 2011 in its Version 2 configuration, the company being currently in the preproduction of its Version 3 while Version 4 is already being developed at full steam. The aim of the company is to provide a small ultra-rugged Nato standard communication PDA running on Linux for secure military tactical messaging, chat, email, situational awareness and digital voice that can be used over any existing HF/VHF/UHF radio link, Rapid Mobile focusing its marketing on second or third tier nations. At 490 grams including the two AA batteries ensuring over 12 hours of operation, the RT5 features a 2.4-inch colour display with light sensor for autobrightness and a VHF/UHF 2400-9600 bps modem that ensures communications even when voice comms are impossible. It can even operate with old analog radios, de facto providing an immediate upgrade to those assets. Messages, either free text or preformatted, can easily be typed through the keyboard. The RT5 has a built-in GPS receiver and antenna, which means that position information can readily be relayed on the network. It also features an interface to Ethernet LAN, USB storage devices, rugged printers or cameras. Version 4 will feature built-in speakers and will handle a proprietary waveform ensuring secure digital voice communication. I INVISIO
A most widely used man-machine interface is definitely push-to-talk, or PTT in military jargon. Two such systems were recently introduced. Invisio developed its
Compendium Modern Soldier Programme 2013
Source of Sound Mini Black Box is one of the latest addition to the numerous hearing and ear protection systems that might become part of SMPs. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
new V60 with a view to improving performance and lowering weight. At 145 grams, more than 100 grams less than the previous models, it features three communications ports to which any type of system can be linked, radios, intercom systems, mobile phones, computers, metal detectors, etc. The four PTTs, two primary and two secondary, can handle up to two nets. Fully plug and play, the V60 does not need any battery, power being taken from the radio. Submersible up to 20 metres, it can be equipped with Invisio in-ear protecting headsets and bone microphones. I SOURCE OF SOUND
Established 20 years ago Source Of Sound (SOS) of Israel has sold over 25,000 noise reduction sets. Fully trusting the in-ear solution, SOS is currently marketing its Mini Black Box, a miniaturized in-ear headset powered from the radio that features passive and active noise control in both noisy and normal environments and ensures clear communications, ambience noise being also increasable to obtain better hearing in ambush situations. The SOS product supports full duplex radio and works on the noise compression principle, which provides a noise reduction rate of 22, and ensures optimal protection against
gunshot and bomb explosion. A remote PTT can be used, either by cable or wireless, to allow hands-on weapon operations. A microphone is used in the headset because SOS customers still prefer such a solution, mostly for psychological reasons. The Mini Black Box draws power from the radio to which it is linked, its subsystems weighing respectively 115 grams (control box), 52 grams (headset) and 70 grams (wireless PTT, powered by a 3 V battery ensuring one year of operation). The Mini Black Box + is a version of the previous product that is powered by a single AAA battery, the control box weight increasing to 140 grams with battery. This can be used also as a hearing protection / hearing enhancement system without any radio connectivity.
in early 2013 with the new head protection. The new Revision product was generated by the requirements of the British Pecoc programme now known as Virtus. It comes in the form of a series of add-on items: a front mount allows the attachment of protection enhancing devices such as visor and mandible guard (also doubles as a universal NVG mount). The add-on protective elements are: a visor providing optimum high-impact protection, high threat mandible guard providing blunt force and fragmentation protection for the lower jaw, and a lightweight mesh-wire mandible guard protecting only against blunt force. Those items are compatible with the current Advanced Combat Helmet, Revision proposing its Batlskin in various versions.
I REVISION
As mentioned in the Voss programme entry, head protection is becoming something more complex than a mere helmet, and since eye, aural and mandible protection has become a sine qua non, integration of all these parameters have taken a new dimension. To answer those requirements Revision has developed the Batlskin modular head protection system, which has already been adopted by the Danish Army. Its soldiers have in fact deployed to Afghanistan
Revision developed a technology that allows to produce helmet shells at lower weight or higher performances. (Revision)
More and more armies are looking for a better head protection that includes head, eyes and mandible; with its Batlskin Cobra Revision answers those requirements. (Revision)
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The Viper A1 features an Aramid shell while the Viper P2 exploits advanced composite shell technology to achieve weight reduction. Thanks to its investments in new highpressure moulding machines able to produce lightweight polyethylene elements at an acceptable cost, Revision developed a light shell weighing 1.15 kg versus 1.4 kg of the ACH, and whose V50 against light splinters is well over 750 m/s compared to the 650-680 m/s of the ACH, the whole Batlskin P2 system reaching thus a weight of 1.395 kg, which ends up being
Compendium Modern Soldier Programme 2013
lighter than the sole ACH shell. The Batlskin is being promoted in numerous countries like Switzerland, Austria and Sweden, where acquisition programmes should start in the 2014-15 period. I CERADYNE
Ceradyne Diaphorm, a division of Ceradyne, has developed the Seamless Ballistic Helmet (SBH) forming which, in conjunction with Thermoplastic Composite Helmet (TCH) moulding technologies, ensures the production of head protection with considerably increased performances over conventional helmets and able, according to the company, to stop rifle bullets. The SBH technology allows to form the helmet without having to cut any of the layers, in other words devoid of folds in the laminate, providing maximum uniformity. The new system allows also to obtain a helmet that does not degrade with seawater, temperature shock, high altitude, salt-fog and field agents. The Ceradyne Defender SBH is the product currently proposed. However, the California-based company has gone a step further by looking into the integration of optronics and other electronic accessories. The Mohawk boltless combat helmet developed with communications specialist Threat4 that provides its In-ear Tactical Headset with Boom Mic, Hearing Protection, is intended for the integration of other electronic devices. It integrates a modular data and power bus bar system, linked to the battery pack mounted on the rear. Other accessories that can be fixed on the helmet include NVGs, an IFF transponder, a camera, etc. I BREN-TRONICS
All those additional accessories require power, batteries being one of the soft spots of endurance. Having the US Army as its principal customers, Bren-Tronics is one of the major battery supplier. Using over 100,000 pieces per year, the service has rationalised its battery stocks by reducing the types of batteries from 95 to eight. Li-Ion cells have improved with time, stepping from 2.4 to 3.4 Ah at 3.6 V in 10 years, and are predicted to reach the 4 Ah mark by late 2015 or early 2016 (the first prototypes are already being tested). Interestingly, Bren-Tronics batteries display their status in absolute state of charge values, which is important since even fully charged
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ON THE COVER: While certain nations developed comprehensive suites for their armies right from the outset, others work more on a step-by-step pattern, by either creating their modules themselves or picking various items from the more advanced programmes (like this Gladius, photo P. Valpolini) to create their own package (Armada/Eric H. Biass) Modern Soldier Programmes Supplement to Issue 4/2013 Volume 37, Issue No. 4, August/September 2013 INTERNATIONAL
is published bi-monthly by Media Transasia Ltd. Copyright 2012 by Media Transasia Ltd. Publishing Office: Media Transasia Ltd, Room No. 1205-1206, Hollywood Centre 233, Hollywood Road, Central, Hong Kong. Tel: (852) 2815 9111, Fax: (852) 2815 1933 Editor-in-Chief: Eric H. Biass Regular Contributors: Roy Braybrook, Paolo Valpolini, Thomas Withington
BrenTronics is constantly improving Li-Ion cells capacity, although the quest for energy density is reaching its limits. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
an old battery will discharge charge a lot faster than a new one. The company is now proposing its Soldier Power Manager. This comes as a soldier-worn 200-gram unit or in smart vest-integrated form weighing 130 grams. It features several power ports with voltage from 8 to 34 VDC and ensures optimised battery charge, hot swapping and switching, as well as energy harvesting from primary batteries, solar MPPT or fuel cells. Importantly, in 2011 Bren-Tronics acquired Ultracell, a major American fuel cell player, and is since offering integrated systems. The company is currently proposing two types of batteries for soldier systems, the SMP and the LW (Land Warrior); the SMP comes in one-third, two-thirds and regular sizes weighing 290, 370 and 525 grams and respectively yielding 31, 62 and 92 Wh+ at 10.8 V. An AA SMP holder is also available. As for the LW, two models are on offer, namely the 517-gram Li-80 and and 1.02kilo Li-145, with respective capacities of 82 Wh+ and 145 Wh. With currently available Li-Ion cells the power density of those batteries will soon be improved; SMPs will leap from 170 to 240
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Following the acquisition of Ultracell, a major player in the fuel cell field, Bren-Tronics is able to offer integrated solutions to its customers. (Armada/P. Valpolini)
Wh/kg, and the LW from 140 to 190 Wh/kg. Better still according to the company, their price will also be reduced by nearly 25%. Further improvements will come at a later date when the above-mentioned 4 Ah cell will be available. Bren-Tronics is also demonstrating a hybrid solution including a fuel cell and a battery, fuel cell capacity being much higher than that of diesel solutions, although the latter use an easily available fuel.
I INDEX TO ADVERTISERS AIMPOINT AR - MODULAR RF BERETTA BRIDEX DSEI ELBIT SYSTEMS INDO DEFENCE
INVISIO NAMEXPO NFM SAAB SECURITY & DEFENCE SYSTEMS SAGEM TRIJICON VECTRONIX
Compendium Modern Soldier Programme 2013
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