Power Insight -- Vol-10 -- No-1 by Vision Media Group

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RNI No.:MAHENG/2010/39548

Vol. No.10

Issue No. 1

April - May 2019

Cover Focus

Power Distribution Sector

Power Distribution Challenges Insight into challenges and analysis of programs that are simultaneously working on many fronts to ensure technical up-gradation of distribution network, to ensure stability of power supply to consumers Industry Insight

Diesel Generators

Market Review

Special Feature

Solar PV Modules Market India www.powerinsight.vision-media.co.in

R&M Scope in Thermal Power |

Power Insight

April - May 2019

Mumbai

April - May 2019

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Editor’s // Note

Noble plans to reboot the Indian power sector

fter assuming the office for the second term, power minister Raj Kumar Singh announced that the government’s main agenda will be to provide uninterrupted power supply to households. Power being on the concurrent list of the Constitution, there are sector specific issues that get jammed due to differences between the centre and the state governments. Thus, as a part of 100-day action plan for the second term of the new government, the union power ministry has proposed a “power sector council” to address the issues between the union and state governments. The proposed council will be headed by the union power minister and have the union finance minister as well as power ministers of all states as members. The council is set up with the main objective to help the union and the state governments work on a common agenda and ensure round-the-clock power to all. The power ministry’s 100-day plan also includes setting up a national electricity distribution company, proposed as an equal joint venture (JV) between state-run NTPC Ltd and Power Grid Corp. of India Ltd. The proposed firm may enter into JVs with the state discoms and help bridge market and credit risks at a time when state-owned discoms are struggling with their finances on account of losses and borrowings. The power ministry has also proposed limiting PFC’s and REC’s lending to state electricity distribution companies, except for capital expenditure projects, setting up public charging stations for electric vehicles. Other proposals by the power ministry include separation of the wire and electricity supply business, setting up of a pan-India power distributor and building renewable energy management centres (REMCs) across India. Plans seems noble for power sector - as a smooth coordination between union and state government is much needed at this point and also the proposed NEDC will be of great support for the distribution segment, as state discoms are still struggling with finances. Now, only thing needed is a speedy implementation and execution of these proposed plans......

Pankaj V Chauhan Editor - Power Insight

Email : pankaj@vision-media.co.in

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Power Insight

April - May 2019

What’s // INSIDE

content Volume No. - 10 ; Issue No. -01 : April - May 2019

Editor:

Pankaj V Chauhan

Cover Focus Power Distribution - India

Marketing & Sales: Navin SIngh

marketing@vision-media.co.in

Distribution Challenges

K. Pushpageetha

geetha@vision-media.co.in

Creative Head: Prashant S. Kharat

Graphic Designer: G. Sanjay

Though, all the three areas of Indian power sector – generation, transmission and distribution are facing problems. However, currently there is much fuss about the distribution sector - a sick giant with wobbling infrastructure, mismanagement and misuse. .....

22 UDAY Misses the Hit

Production Head: Shantanu Singh

Printed, Published & Owned by PANKAJ V CHAUHAN

Printed at

The cumulative financial losses of discoms grew 44 per cent to INR 21,658 crore at the end of FY19, reveINR ing the declining trend since the UDAY scheme was launched in November 2015.

26 Opting underground Network

underground power distribution system is an expensive choice but is mandatory to supply electricity in highly populated areas. However, the specific needs and requirement of an area is essential to consider before undertaking such a high cost project.

MAGNA GRAPHICS (INDIA) LTD., 101, C & D GOVT. IND. ESTATE, KANDIVLI (WEST), MUMBAI 400 067

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G-3A, JUNGLEE PEER DURGAH, K.A.GAFFARKHAN ROAD, WORLI, MUMBAI 400 018. Editor: PANKAJ V CHAUHAN RNI. NO. : MAHENG/2010/39548

Wind EPC Trends in India

A lot has changed in wind energy segment in India in recent years – especially for the pure EPC players since the wind power market has transitioned from a feed-in tariff regime to competitive bidding. An insight into changing market dynamics and prevailing challenges and trends..

All right reserved while all efforts are made to ensure that the information published is correct, Power Insight holds no responsibility for any unlikely errors that might have occurred. The information on products & projects is being provided for the reference of the readers. However, readers are cautioned to make inquires & consult experts before taking any decision on purchase of equipment or investment. Power Insight holds no responsibility for any decision taken by readers on the basis of information provided herein. All disputes are subjected to Mumbai Jurisdiction only.

April - May 2019

Regulars

Special Feature

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03 06 08 12 42 44 46

Editor’s Note Conventional Updates Renewables Updates T&D Sector Updates Intersolar West Communication Features Events Diary

wHATâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S // INSIDE

Special Article

Industry Insight

R&M Scope in Thermal The focus of R&M in India has shifted to reducing the environmental impact of TPPs and enhancing flexibility in operations to enable large scale renewable energy integration.

Diesel Generators Diesel Generator Market in India is all set for decent growth over the next couple after a subdued growth witnessed during FY13-17, when industry volumes declined. An overview of diesel generator set market in India.

DG Sets - Technology Trends

The designing aspect of Diesel generator (DG) set has witnessed progressive innovations and technological advancement in recent years. Most of these developments in DG sets design have been aimed to keep pace with changing environmental norms and improving efficiency.

Market Review

Solar PV Modules Market Trends India

PV modules accounts for around 60 per cent of the total project cost. With Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s eagerness to achieve 70GW of target makes it stand out as one of the most attractive market for solar modules manufacturers and suppliers in days to come...

Industry Interaction Rajendra Kumar Parakh

Chief Financial Officer Vikram Solar

Column: Impact of Safegaurd Chetan Shah

DIrector - Goldi One

Next Issue Editorial Attraction Sector Focus: Indsutry Insight Market Review Special Feature

Hydro Power Sector Rooftop Solar Thermal Plant R&M Offshore Wind Power / Insulators

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April - May 2019

sECTOR // UPDATES

Conventional News

Thermal Power

Govt. appointed panel recomends to incentivise plants for quick changes in thermal supply

Thermal Power

Government scheme to rescue stressed assets idling due to lack of PPA The government has readied a scheme to auction power purchase agreements (PPAs) with attached coal supplies from Coal India. The power ministry kicked off the scheme to salvage stressed assets idling due to lack of PPA opportunities. The auction of short-term PPAs with coal supplies is expected to help some of the about 10GW power plants idling due to lack of fuel and power contracts. The bids will be invited for 2,500-MW power supply capacity for three years. The proposal is third in a row of such schemes auctioning power purchase agreements. However, the previous two rounds did not have attached coal supplies. In April last year, the cidding for the first two rounds was concluded at a price of 4.24 per unit and 4.41 per unit - respectively.

A government-appointed panel has recommended that coal-fired power plants be given incentives to install equipment to raise or reduce generation at short notice to accommodate renewable power and that supply from sources such as solar and wind may need to be cut 1% to balance the grid. Renewable power fluctuates, which puts pressure on the grid. This requires thermal plants to adjust their

Thermal Power

The public-sector miner Coal India plans to raise the dispatches to thermal power sector by about 9% to 530 million tonnes this fiscal year. This enhanced target should help soften power prices and substitute the solid fuel’s imports. Coal India supplied 488 million tonne (MT) of fuel to the power sector in the 2018-19 fiscal, registering an increase of 7.4 per cent over the previous year.

In an interview given to a national daily, Vinay Prakash, chief executive officer (CEO) for coal and mining at Adani Enterprises Limited stated that India’s thermal coal purchases are expected to surge to a record this year and will remain robust through the next decade as domestic supply lags demand.

India’s coal import increased by 8.8 per cent to 233.56 million tonnes in 201819, according to a reportby by mjunction services, based on monitoring of vessels’ positions and data received from shipping companies.

Tata Power, one of India’s largest power producer, has announced that it will not build any new coal-fired power project in the future and majority of its power capacity expansion will happen through renewable energy.

Over the same period, the company has added more than 2,000 MW of wind and solar power and 246 MW of hydropower. Therefore, 97% of all additions over this period was from non-thermal power additions.

Thermal power at present makes up 70 per cent of the company’s total capacity. A visible shift in Tata Power’s plans for its future is visible as it has added only 68 MW (net) since 2013.

As per Tata Power’s ‘Strategic Intent 2025’, it expects that 70% of new capacity additions will come from solar, wind and hydro sources by 2025.

Power Insight

Thermal Power

India’s coal imports expected to surge to a record high

Tata Power decided to focus on renewables for future capacity additions

April - May 2019

The committee, headed by a member of the CEA, said in a report that reducing or raising thermal supply is costly and takes hours. Hence, additional investment is needed to make these plants flexible. The panel also recommended a revised tariff system to help thermal plants meet the cost of necessary equipment and compensation of operating expenses.

CIL targets 530 mn tonnes of fuel supply for power plants in FY20

Conventional Power

supply to keep the grid stable.

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He further added that overseas shipments will climb almost 11 per cent to 184 million metric tons during the financial year started April 1, 2019 and will rise further to average about 200 million annually through the following decade. According to him, generators designed to run on imported coal will keep fuelling demand, while consumers close to the coast are also likely to favour imports due to the higher cost of railing domestic supply to their operations.

SECTOR // UPDATES Conventional Power

Power Generation growth likely to double in FY20 Power generation from thermal, hydel and nuclear plants is expected to grow 6.5% this fiscal, nearly double of last year’s rise of 3.5%, the Central Electricity Authority has estimated. Total generation from these sources is estimated to be around 1,330 billion in 2019-20, of which 85% would be from thermal plants.

Hydro Power

fuels. Nuclear plants would contribute 3.3%, while hydropower would account for 10%. Last year, conventional sources were expected to generate 1265 billion units but they supplied 1249.2 billion units.

India-Bhutan sign 4.5K crore Mangdechhu Hydro project’s power tariff protocol

Among thermal plants, coal would contribute around 79%, while the rest would come from lignite, natural gas and liquid

On the other hand, demand for power has also been growing at a fast pace this year. Highest daily-peak power demand during 2018-19 was attained on September 18 at 177.02 gigawatts, which was breached on May 8 this year, when maximum demand during the day was estimated at 178.25 gigawatts. Maximum supply during the day was 177.7 gigawatts, around 12% higher for the same day last year.

Nuclear Power

India planning to have 12 more nuclear plants soon

India will have 12 more nuclear plants soon to improve the power situation and ensure there is a free flow of uninterrupted power supply for both industries and residential use - as per the statement issued by the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE). “Nuclear technology helps in betterment of lives through varied usages and is an irreplaceable source of clean, pollutionfree energy,” the statement quoted Vyas, Secretary of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE). Vyas is also the Atomic Energy Commission of India’s Chairman, as saying at the 11th International Forum AtomExpo 2019, sponsored by Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation, held in Sochi, Russia, recently. Vyas said the first stage of India’s indigenous nuclear power programme has now attained maturity with 18 operating Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs). Vyas added that the government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi has sanctioned 10 PHWRs in fleet mode, besides plans afoot for constructing two light water reactors.

Kakrapar Atomic Power plant (KAPS-1) synchronised with the grid The first 220 MW nuclear power plant at Kakrapar Atomic Power Station (KAPS-1) in Surat in Gujarat was synchronised with the grid on May 24. The KAPS-1 unit/reactor attained criticality on May 19 (initiation of controlled self-sustaining nuclear fission chain reaction) following the replacement of the entire coolant channel, feeder replacement and safety upgrades. India’s atomic power plant operator NPCIL has two 220 MW units pressurised heavy water reactor (PHWR) at KAPS. Following the heavy water leak, unit 1 was under cold shut down. Similarly, the renovation and modernisation of KAPS-2 was completed in 2018 and it is operating at full capacity.

India and Bhutan, have finally signed tariff protocol for the output of 720 Megawatt Mangdechhu hydropower project. First yield of this Rs 4,500-crore Bhutan project is set to get into India’s national power pool by May-June this year. The agreement was signed by Bhutan’s economic affairs secretary, Dasho Yeshi Wangdi and the power secretary of India, Ajay Kumar Bhalla in Bhutan’s capital Thimphu. Prior to this protocol finalisation, basic tariff structure was agreed upon by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Bhutanese counterpart Lotay Tshering in December last year. As per the finalised protocol detail provided by Bhutan Government’s Ministry of Economic Affairs, the starting tariff for a term of 35 years is Ngultrum 4.21 (Eqv. INR 4.21) per unit. That will go up at a rate of 10% every 5 years till Bhutan’s loan for the project is repaid and 5% afterward. Government of India has funded Rs 3,382 crore for the project with 70 percent of that as loan and 30 per cent grant.

Hydro Power

Jammu and Kashmir Governor stressed on harnessing full hydropower potential of rivers in the state Chairing the 74th meeting of the Board of Directors of Jammu and Kashmir State Power Development Corporation (PDC) at Raj Bhavan - Governor Satya Pal Malik stated that harnessing full hydropower potential of rivers in Jammu and Kashmir will not only meet the state’s own demand-supply gap, but also augment the energy supply of other states. Malik, in addition stressed that all-out efforts be made to execute these projects with “ruthless efficiency” to achieve the desired objectives of all-

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round development of the hydropower sector in the state. While, Hirdesh Kumar Singh, administrative Secretary to the government, Power Development Department and Managing Director, JKSPDC, gave a presentation on various power projects being implemented by the Corporation. Of the state’s vast hydropower potential of 20,000 MW in the state, projects of 16,475 MW capacity on rivers Chenab (11,283 MW), Jhelum (3,084 MW), Ravi (500 MW), and Indus (1608 MW) have already been identified.

Power Insight

April - May 2019

sECTOR // UPDATES

Renewable News

Solar Power

India is considering a new tender to develop solar manufacturing untide from generation

India’s solar equipment market to reach USD 6.3 billion by 2024

According to various media reports, India is considering a new tender to develop solar power equipment manufacturing that doesn’t include a requirement to also generate electricity, a move aimed at sparking investor interest.

Indian Government’s plan to achieve 100 GW by 2022 led to increasing focus on solar power generation, along with favorable policies & incentives, schemes for development of solar parks and ultra-mega solar power projects.

In addition to separating manufacturing of solar cells and modules from generation, the government may also offer some form of financial aid.

This is expected to aid the growth of the Indian solar power equipment market that is projected to grow at a CAGR of over 12% to reach USD 6.3 billion by 2024.

Solar Power

India is now the lowest cost producer of solar power globally

On the basis of equipment, the Indian solar power equipment market is categorized into solar cell, solar inverter, solar charge controller, solar thermal collector and others. Of all, solar cell market holds significant share in the Indian solar power equipment market and is anticipated to maintain its dominance during forecast period as well.

As per the detailed report titled “Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2018” released by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), India has become lowest-cost producer of solar power globally. The country-wise average for the total installed costs of utility scale solar PV in 2018 ranged from a low of $793 per Kilowatt (Kw) – around Rs 5.5 crore per Megawatt -- in India to a high of $2,427 per Kw in Canada.

To increase customer demand, major vendors in market are focusing on introducing technologically advanced solutions and systems at cheaper prices. This helps vendors to differentiate themselves from counterparts and sustain competition.

Total installed costs in India for a new utility-scale solar PV projects that were commissioned in 2018 at $793 per Kw was 27 per cent lower than for projects commissioned in 2017.

Solar Power

India’s solar capacity achives the milestone of 30 GW Renewable energy capacity additions continue to increase in India, accounting for approximately 22.3 per cent of India’s capacity mix at the end of the financial year (FY) 2018-19. This is a substantial increase from the previous 20.3 per cent share reported at the end of FY 2017-18. This significant increase can be mainly attributed to the growth in solar capacity.

cent as of March 2019. Among renewables, solar accounted for approximately 38 per cent of the installed capacity, up by 2 per cent compared to the previous quarter. India’s total installed power capacity stood at 358 GW at the end of March 2019, with renewables accounting for 80 GW and making up 21 per cent. This was an increase of 1.1 per cent over the fiscal year 2017-18, which had cumulative renewable energy installations standing at 70 GW.

The share of solar capacity installations in India have reached 30 GW - growing from 6.6 per cent as of March 2018 to 8.4 per

April - May 2019

Power Insight

India has been struggling to spur its nascent domestic manufacturing industry, which the government estimates can currently only meet just 15 per cent of the country’s annual needs.

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Wind Power

Wind energy installation in India witnessed a decline in FY 2018-19

Wind installations were down in FY 2018-19, adding around 1.5 GW in capacity additions, compared to 1.7 GW added capacity in FY 2017-18. The slowdown in installation activity can be attributed to various execution challenges, removal of incentives and switching procurement method to reverse auctions from feed-in tariffs. Further, the grid connection issues have been also plaguing developers of wind power projects. The country has set an ambitious target of installing 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by the year 2022, of which 60 GW has to come from wind power. Wind currently accounts for over 35 GW of the total installed power capacity and nearly 10% of the overall power capacity mix, as of March 2019.

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April - May 2019

sECTOR // UPDATES Wind Power

Solar Power

Fitch Solutions estimates around 54.7 GW of wind installations in India against 60 GW targets by 2022 India is likely to install 54.7 GW of wind capacity by 2022 against the 60-GW target set by the government, Fitch Solutions Macro Research has said in a report. “We remain cautious on India meeting its ambitious 2022 targets for wind power capacity growth, as land acquisition issues and grid bottlenecks will lead to delays to project implementation”, Fitch Solutions Macro Research, unit of Fitch Group, said in its outlook for the country’s renewable energy sector.

The agency also said it believes that concerns about the economic viability of low tariff projects from India’s wind capacity auctions raise the risk that investor appetite will weaken and auctions will be postponed. In addition, the combination of several challenges in the country’s wind power sector will hit near-term growth momentum, including land availability hurdles, grid access bottlenecks and concerns over the viability of low tender bids, it added.

Solar Power

Renewable Power

Tata Power to sell its 32 MW wind power project in Maharashtra

Utility-scale battery backup a solution to handle spurt in renewable energy generation

Tata Power Renewable Energy Limited (TPREL) has announced to sell its 32 MW of operating wind assets located in Satara district of Maharashtra. Currently, the power from the project is tied up with Tata Power Company – Distribution (TPC-D) under a long-term power PPA. After fulfilling the conditions of the agreement, the assets and liabilities of the project would be transferred to the buyer.

Rapid growth of the renewable energy sector in recent years has thrown up challenges for Distribution companies forcing the Centre and the State governments to consider new models of development.

According to Praveer Sinha, CEO of Tata Power, The move is part of company’s effort to restructure its portfolio to concentrate on building scale in few locations and venturing out of small, isolated sites thereby optimizing its operating costs.

One such could be gigawatt-scale battery back up projects for which tenders are likely to be called by the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI). This is expected as some Discoms have expressed difficulty in managing spikes in renewable energy output and balancing it with conventional projects.

April - May 2019

Power Insight

According to media reports, the Union Cabinet has approved a cooperation agreement between the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy of India (MNRE) and Denmark’s Ministry for Energy, Utilities, and Climate in offshore wind energy. The cabinet has approved a letter of intent (LoI) to establish an Indo-Danish Centre of Excellence for renewable energy in India. The agreement was signed in March 2019 in New Delhi. The objective of the agreement is to promote cooperation between the two countries in the field of renewable energy with a special focus on offshore wind.

Wind Power

India will remain as one of the most favoured investment destination for wind : Fitch Solutions

Where the mix of solar, wind and hydel has shot up by 15-30 per cent, the Discoms find balancing the power generated from various sources a challenge. The Discoms are now keen on 24x7 power and some States such as Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal are in the process of tendering for battery back up solutions. So far there have been few pilot initiatives with battery back up of 5-10 MW.

Cabinet approves LoI to establish an Indo-Danish Centre of Excellence

Though, Fitch Solutions predicted India will not meet its target of 60 GW installed by 2022. However, it does expect nearly 50 GW of new capacity to be added over the next ten years.

rat. Therefore, boosting transmission and substation capacity within these states and linking with others will be key to efficiently integrating wind in the future, according to FItch research.

Land acquisition and grid connectivity pose hurdles to growth in India, but the government has made efforts to overcome these obstacles, Fitch noted in its research.

“Strong government support for the sector will culminate in intensifying efforts to address structural issues plaguing the sector,” it added. Fitch in its research named India, Denmark and Poland as investment ‘hot-spots’ for wind power over the coming years.

As the country’s wind power fleet is concentrated in Tamil Nadu and Guja-

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April - May 2019

sECTOR // UPDATES

T&D News

Power Transmission

IndiGrid to buy five transmission assets from Sterlite Power

Adani in talks with KPTL to buy four transmission assets

Pradesh. Both were developed in the build-own-operate-maintain model and have 25-year concession periods.

The Adani Group is in talks with Kalpataru Power Transmission Ltd (KPTL) for the sale of the latter’s 4 transmission lines to Adani Transmission. According to media reports Sekura Energy and China Light and Power (CLP) were also in talks for the same assets.

KPTL is also constructing two other transmission lines, the Alipurduar transmission line for transferring power to Bhutan and the KohimaMariani transmission line for strengthening the north-eastern grid.

KPTL has put 4 transmission lines on the block, of which two are operational – a 100-km transmission line in Jhajjar, Haryana, and a 240 km line in Satpura, Madhya

India Grid Trust (IndiGrid), an infrastructure investment trust (InvIT) will acquire five electricity transmission assets worth INR 11,500 crore (USD1.66 billion) from Sterlite Power.

Power Transmission

Sterlite Power targets USD 10bn assets by 2022 fuelled by KKR funds

India Grid Trust, backed by Sterlite Power Grid Ventures, was established in 2016 to own interState power transmission assets in India. Indi Grid will be issuing preference shares worth INR 2,514 crore to acquire the power transmission assets from Sterlite. This comes after KKR and GIC recently announced fund infusion into IndiGrid. As a part of the deal, KKR and GIC have invested INR1084 crore (USD157 million) and INR 980 crore (USD142 million), to collectively acquire 42 per cent of IndiGrid’s outstanding units.

Sterlite Power Transmission aims to expand its global footprint in power transmission sector to a portfolio worth USD 10 billion in by 2021-22, and the investment made by KKR in its infrastructure investment trust would play a crucial role in achieving the same. The company, which has presence in India and Brazil, aims to tap international capital to finance opportunities globally and to scale up the asset under management under parent Sterlite Power, as well as its InvIT, India Grid Trust (IndiGrid).

Power T&D

Outstanding dues on Discoms jump to INR 39,000 crore The outstanding dues of power producers on distribution utilities soared by 63 per cent to INR 38,696 crore in March 2019 compared to the same month year ago, reflecting stress in the sector. According to PRAA portal, distribution companies owed a total of Rs 23,699 crore to power generation companies in March 2018. In March this year, total overdue amount, which was not cleared even after 60 days of grace period offered by generators, stood at Rs 24,689 crore against Rs 15,585 crore in

April - May 2019

Power Insight

the same month in 2018. Power producers give 60 days time to discoms for paying bills for the supply of electricity. After that the outstanding becomes overdue and generators charge penal interest on that in most of the cases. Discoms in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Jammu & Kashmir account for the major portion of dues.

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The deal will be valued at ₹14001500 crore. Since KPTL has long concession periods backing their assets - the one who can offer the most will bag the deal.

Power Distribution

Maharashtra to distribute 77 million LED lamps by end 2019

Maharasthra government plans to distribute 77 million LED lamps in the state by the end of the current year as part of a larger plan in the works with Energy Efficiency Services Ltd (EESL) to save electricity. The centre had launched the ambitious Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA) scheme in 2015 as the world’s largest domestic lighting programme. Under the scheme, EESL procures the appliances and provides them to consumers at a rate of INR 70 per LED bulb and INR 220 per LED tube light, much below the market price. Overall, EESL had planned to distribute 770 million LEDs across 100 cities by March 2019 – leading to annual energy savings of 10,000 crore units, 79 crore tonnes of reduction in CO2 emissions per year and 20,000 MW of avoided power capacity.

5/30/2016

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sECTOR // UPDATES Power Transmission

According to the calculations, the system would prepare the grid to handle electricity worth INR 9,318 crore per year, which is about 4.3 times the annual transmission cost. The estimates have been made by the Power Grid Corporation of India (PGCIL), the central transmission utility. On an annualised basis, charges are seen to be around INR 1,776 crore.

Renewables Evacuation system in 3 states to cost INR 12,682 crore The power transmission system to evacuate electricity from 25,000 MW of solar and wind plants in western India will cost Rs 12,682 crore and will have annual tariff impact of Rs 2,156 crore in the first five years. The infrastructure would be built for 8.9 giga-watt (GW) solar generation capacity in Rajasthan, 1.5 GW wind and 2 GW solar plants in Gujarat and 2 GW wind and 1 GW solar units in Maharashtra.

Power T&D

Power Distribution

Uttar Pradesh has witnessed 58 per cent increase in total power transmission capacity

Power tariff woes, debt rising despite UDAY Timely revision in power tariffs did not happen even after the launch of UDAY, the debt restructuring programme of the NDA government, in November 2015.

If power situation has seen a marked improvement in the past two years, it is because of relentless effort of the state government to fulfill its promise to provide 22-hour supply to rural areas and 24-hour supply to urban centres.

In most cases, discoms have not even submitted the mandatory tariff petitions to state electricity regulators (SERCs).

Its effort to strengthen the power supply infrastructure in all 75 districts has resulted in 58 percent increase in total power transmission capacity in the past three years. In the same period, the total transfer transfer capacity has seen a jump of over 95 percent.

Some states have asked for a reduction in tariff in their submissions for the current fiscal year. The Ministry of Power recently blamed SERCs for not ordering regular tariff revision and stated that discoms cannot be blamed for their rising debt and dues.

Ahead of the peak summers, the Uttar Pradesh Power Transfer Corporation Limited(UPPTCL) has managed to achieve 12,850 MW total transfer capability (TTC) of electricity.

The Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation (Tangedco) has identified a substation to be upgraded into an unmanned substation — the first of its kind in the city. The 33 kilo volt (KV)/11 KV substation, located right at the heart of the central business district of Anna Salai, near the Express Mall on Woods Road, has been chosen for the upgrade. It was constructed only a year ago.

The minister has set target to increase the power transmission capacity of Uttar Pradesh to 30,000 MW by 2024.

Power Insight

Sterlite Power said through official statement that it has delivered first power transmission project in Brazil 28 months ahead of schedule.

Sterlite Power celebrates the kickoff of operations in the Arcoverde project, the first of 10 projects assigned to the company in Brazil, company statement said. The company began construction work on Arcoverde project in May 2018. The project boasts 400 MVA in power, covers 139 km of transmission lines, 281 towers and a new substation (Arcoverde II), besides expanding two other substations in the region. The project’s capital expenditure is estimated by Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency, at 164 million Brazilian real. It will generate annual permitted revenue of 24.6 million Brazilian real.

Tangedco to upgrade its first substation to an unmanned substation

State power minister Shrikant Sharma has directed the UPPTCL to complete pending works related to construction of substations, laying transmission lines and other works related to up-gradation of power supply infrastructure in time bound manner.

April - May 2019

Sterlite Power commissions first project in Brazil

Power Distribution

This is 2,150 MW higher than last year and almost double as compared to 6660 MW 2016.

This comes at a time when the longstanding impediment of inadequate transmission infrastructure for renewable power developers has forced the government to reduce capacities offered in reverse auctions, along with delay and cancellation of under-subscribed tenders.

Power Transmission

Once the substation becomes unmanned, there will not be any need for

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posting maintenance staff and it can be operated remotely. With several substations already linked through the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) located at the Tangedco’s headquarters, minor modifications would be required for monitoring and cotrolling the substations with minimal human intervention. The project is being planned to be executed on a pilot basis before it can be scaled up and adopted at important substations in phases, all over the city.

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April - May 2019

sPECIAL // ARTICLE

R&M Scope in Thermal Power I CEA Study:

ndia’s witnessed a record slowdown in thermal generation capacity additions during the financial year (FY) 2018-19. The sluggish growth in thermal sector has been persistent since last three years – as the country added 7 GW, 5 GW and 1.2 GW during FY17, FY18 and FY19, respectively.

The sluggish rate of thermal capacity additions in India validates that the future electricity market in the country will increasingly observe the cheapest domestic source taking over the market share. Thus, the coal-fired power plants will have to adapt and add value by offering flexible demand response management and peakdemand power supply.

While coal will remain a significant part of India’s electricity system, its role needs overhaul as renewable energy is already competitive with coal on a levelized cost (LCOE) basis and its costs may go down further.

In this regard, CEA undertook a study for flexible operation of thermal power plant for integration of renewable generation. The first objective of the study is to forecast the future generation scenario for the year 2021-22 and compare with demand as projected in the 19th EPS to estimate the extent of flexibility & ramp rate required in the system on account of demand as well as solar & wind generation variation considering entire renewable generation to be accommodated in the grid round the clock.

Since RE is growing and a must-run resource, coal is being increasingly looked upon to help manage variability by cycling, owing to the vast existing under-utilised capacity. In recent times, the focus of R&M has shifted to reducing the environmental impact of TPPs and enhancing flexibility in operations to enable large scale renewable energy integration.

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The second objective is to view the situation from the point of thermal plant operation and find out the kind of minimum loads that thermal plants would be required to run at in future. The third objective is to suggest various combinations of generation which can achieve the required integration at minimum cost. The fourth and final objective is to identify the measures to be implemented in Thermal Power Stations in order to make them capable of flexible operation.

Changing Requirement As per the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change notification and revised norms for TPP emissions, power plants are required to install/ retrofit various technology solutions to cut down on emission levels. Thus undertaking R&M of the existing pollution control equipment can help reduce the emission levels. As per the latest plan formulated

SPECIAL // ARTICLE

by the Central Electricity Authority (CEA), all power plants are expected to complete the installation of these technologies by 2022. Another emerging application of R&M is flexibility of TPPs. With the increasing penetration of renewable energy, maintaining grid stability and security has become challenging. Flexible operations require frequent and rapid ramp-up and ramp-down of power plant capacity. While power plants operating on supercritical technology offer flexibility in operations, old power plants experience severe deterioration in performance under flexible operations. It has been observed that reduction in mill size, increase in the number of mills, installation of advanced burners and indirect firing systems in boilers, and use of special alloys for improved material strength - are some of the R&M measures that can help improve flexibility in these plants.

Issues & Challenges

Summing Up

Often when a plant/ unit are opened up for R&M/LE, new defects and damaged equipment are noticed, which require additional materials, leading to time delays and increasing costs. The contract document often does not address these technical surprises thus leads to delay in execution while undertaking R&M of thermal plants.

With a large fleet of thermal power plants that is more than 25 years old, there is a huge scope for performance improvement through R&M. Some of the old plants that have already undergone R&M have been performing really well despite having completed their designed economic life. With respect to meeting the environmental norms, less than 2 GW have been commission and 65 GW have been tendered so far as 167 GW of capacity identified for FGD installation. Thus, FGD systems for about 100 GW of capacity needs to be tendered over the next two years, if power plants have to meet the revised deadline of 2022.

The slow growth of R&M in India can also be attributed to utilities reluctance to shut down power generating units for six to eight months. The reason being, not many utilities are willing to do so and face a subsequent loss of revenue. Meanwhile, obtaining regulatory clearances for plant shutdowns for R&M works is a time consuming process. Further, there is a lack of specialised entities for conducting residual life assessment (RLA) studies of power plants. In addition, defining the scope of work and guarantees is also a challenge.

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As TPPs have massive potential for R&M, however - in order to achieve the desired results â&#x20AC;&#x201C; there is urgent need to curtail the time lag and execution delays. Further, adequate regulatory support is needed to promote R&M activities. n

Power Insight

April - May 2019

sPECIAL // ARTICLE

Wind EPC Trends in India

t was in mid-nineties – about two and a half decade ago - that India started tapping power through wind. Since then, India’s wind energy segment has matured significantly. As of 31 March 2019 the total installed wind power capacity in India was 36.625 GW, the fourth largest installed wind power capacity in the world. On account of rapid development in this segment, wind power today accounts for nearly 10% of India’s total installed power generation capacity and generated 62.03 TWh in the fiscal year 2018-19, which is nearly 4% of total electricity generation. However, a lot has changed in wind energy segment in India in recent years – especially for the Pure EPC players. The wind power market has transitioned from a feed-in tariff regime to competitive bidding. The auction regime, introduced in 2017, has led to a steep decline in wind tariffs. Wind EPC segment need to keep pace with change market trends in order to stay in the business...

April - May 2019

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SPECIAL // ARTICLE Picture Source & Courtsey : https://www.collett.co.uk

Emergence of Wind EPC in India Earlier, the wind projects in India were fully developed by manufacturers on the concept-to-commissioning model and offered to the asset owners. However, with the introduction of generation-based incentives (GBIs) and the hike in feed-in tariffs (FiTs) in key wind states – the segment witnessed the emergence of independent power producers (IPPs) which also led to change in the wind project development practices. Since, these IPPs wanted to optimise their returns through the maximum output generation at the lowest possible cost. The segment saw shift from the concept-to-commissioning model to the self-development model while also paved the way for the entry of pureplay EPC companies that provide a wide range of services across different product categories.

Changing Market Dynamics While, on one hand the wind power costs in India are decreasing rapidly – with increasing size of wind turbines

and other equipment is putting pressure on transportation and erection infrastructure. On the other hand, due to enormous scale of operations, the project execution is also getting challenging.

Challenging Times

Moreover, right-of-way processes are becoming complex. In addition, the growth of the offshore industry has made it necessary for wind power developers to undertake careful planning and execution of the project, from concept to commissioning.

While competitive bidding is expected to help expand the wind energy market, low tariffs can compress the returns for wind project developers. According to ratings agency ICRA, the internal rate of return for wind energy projects would be less than 10 per cent at the tariff discovered in the latest auction.

Just like in all parts of the world, in late 2017 The Indian wind energy segment shifted from a feed-in-tariff system to an auction-based system.

In order to ensure the smooth implementation of projects with minimal risk for developers – a complete engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contracting - is one of the best choices.

Such low returns would force project developers to strike a hard bargain on equipment as well as EPC prices. Low returns will force developers to cut down on their costs by undertaking the EPC works themselves, thereby denting the market for pure-play EPC companies.

An EPC contractor carries out the detailed engineering design of a project; procures the necessary equipment and materials, and then constructs and commissions the plant. However, project cost increases as the EPC player adds his margin for bearing the risk.

Way Forward The engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) players will have focus more on increasing their efficiency to remain profitable in such a competitive market. Also, the changing market dynamics may lead to consolidation in the EPC space, which will be driven by the players’ attempt to increase sales and reduce costs.n

EPC contracting is more prevalent in the onshore wind industry and less common for offshore projects owing to the risks involved in their development and the fact that very few commercial entities are large enough to go ahead with those risks.

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Power Insight

April - May 2019

sECTOR // FOCUS Cover Focus

Power Distribution

Overcoming Distribution Challenges Though, all the three areas of Indian power sector â&#x20AC;&#x201C; generation, transmission and distribution are facing problems. However, currently there is much fuss about the distribution sector - a sick giant with wobbling infrastructure, mismanagement and misuse.

April - May 2019

Power Insight

V segment.

ery high transmission and distribution (T&D) losses, including pilferage along with unprofitable tariff for some categories of consumers over the time has resulted in the continued unviability of the Indian power distribution

These prevailing problems have severely strained the financial position of the distribution companies in the states, resulting in scarce investment by the state electricity boards - both in generation and in distribution. Also it has resulted in curtailment of investments initiatives by private investors in generation â&#x20AC;&#x201C; as they fear that the unviable public sector distribution companies would find it difficult to pay for power.

Key Challenges: The present financial health of the State Electricity Boards (SEBs) is at the root of the inefficient running and Poor Performance of SEBs. The financial crunch faced by the power industry, compounded by inefficiency and corruption, contributes significantly to the crisis of electricity distribution sector in India today. Financial difficulties of the SEBs lie at the heart of the problems of the power sector.

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SECTOR // FOCUS Revenue Collection: The main

problems, including energy sold at low voltage, sparsely distributed loads over large areas, inadequate investments in the distribution system, improper billing and theft.

source of revenue of utilities is from sale of electricity to consumers who pay after availing the service. Thus it requires prompt and correct billing and realization. However, deficiencies in proper billing and revenue collection for the energy used seriously affect the financial health of utilities. Unfortunately, the situation is often aggravated by political interference.

Tariff Structure: Pricing across the country has come to such a pass that tariffs provide only about 78 per cent of the total cost of supply. With the power demand on the rise in India, the existing Tariff Policy – one of the reason that has brought the SEBs to near financial ruin - is not suited for the evolving energy market in the country. Adding to the problem of low tariffs is the fact that collections are also carried out in a shoddy, disorganized manner.

Over-staffed Organisations:

Overstaffing is widespread in India across government institutions and power sector is not untouched with it. According to one study, in India there is 150 times the number employed for generating a similar quantity of power as compared to the United States.

Power Subsidies: The electricity

sector saw the single-largest increase in subsidy support between fiscal year 2016 and fiscal year 2017 of INR 20,800 crore. These subsidies compensate electricity companies for keeping consumer prices below cost and accounted for half of India’s energy subsidies in fiscal year 2017 (INR 72,439 crore).

The financial position of most state electricity utilities has only worsened over time resulting in draught towards making required investments to meet the growing demand. Meanwhile, owing to inadequate revenues, almost all state utilities have defaulted in payments to central PSUs and generation companies. We have discussed below some of the key challenges faced by the electricity distribution sector in India.

High T&D Losses: Despite consider-

able improvement since the turn of the century, India has one of the highest levels of electricity transmission and distribution (T&D) losses in the world. T&D losses represent electricity that is generated but does not reach intended customers. India’s T&D losses are almost 20% of generation, more than twice the world average and nearly three times as large as T&D losses in the United States. T&D losses are caused by a variety of

Poor Implementation: Last but not the least – India lacks the will for proper implementation of plans and reforms. Though, government put in great efforts and expense to devise paper work for all kinds of new plans and projects – however when it comes to proper implementation of the same, at ground level – the country fails to realize the desired results.

However, it has been seen that wealthy farmers are able to hide income, engage in fictitious paper-based division of assets and use local political capital to ensure that any targeted power subsidy is most unlikely to reach its intended beneficiaries.

Conclusion Looking at the prevailing scenario, the basic mandate of the CERC should be to strictly regulate electricity distribution and tariffs. In addition, there is a need to establish a special task force for distribution segment, with known experts and industry hand to look into the challenges and suggest remedial measures and reforms.

On the other hand, agricultural electricity customers resist metering of pump sets, therefore utility revenues deteriorate and fewer resources are at availability for maintenance and rehabilitation of distribution systems. This result in sub-optimal planning, low quality of works and further forces utility to consider load shedding thus finally effecting electricity customer in urban areas.

The core of sector reforms lies with distribution of generated electricity. As per one data - of the total energy generated in the country, only about 55 per cent is billed and around 41 per cent is realized.

Gap between ACS - ARR: It has

been found that the basic problem being faced by the power sector is the increasing gap between average revenue realization and the average cost of supply.

Further, the focus of reforms should be on improving governance and incentive mechanisms in the sector. In addition, the power reform roadmap is required to be revised from time to time to reduce distribution segment issues which will aid develop India and grow its economy. n

Despite reform efforts, the gap between the cost of supply and average revenue realisation has actually worsened over recent years.

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Power Insight

April - May 2019

sECTOR // FOCUS Cover Focus

Power Distribution

UDAY

Misses the Hit

ower distribution is the crucial link and the weakest in the electricity supply chain. It assumes great significance as this segment has a direct impact on the sectorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s commercial viability, and ultimately on the consumers who pay for power services. The sector has been plagued by high distribution losses coupled with theft of electricity, low metering levels and poor financial health of utilities with low cost recovery. Due to this, the distribution companies have not been able to undertake corresponding investments in infrastructure augmentation. With the intent to find a permanent solution to the financial mess faced by the power distribution segment - in November 2015, the government launched an ambitious scheme, Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana (UDAY), to improve the financial health and operational efficiency of Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s debt-ridden power distribution companies (discoms).

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Power Insight

Desired Objectives: UDAY was to provide for the financial turnaround and revival of Power Distribution companies (DISCOMs) that had been trapped in a vicious cycle with operational losses being funded by debt due to legacy issues. Outstanding debt of DISCOMs had increased from about INR 2.4 lakh crore in 2011-12 to about INR 4.3 lakh crore in 2014-15, with interest rates upto 14-15 per cent. The main objective of the UDAY was to ensure a sustainable permanent solution to the problem and assuring the rise of vibrant and efficient DISCOMs through a permanent resolution of past as well as potential future issues of the sector. It was meant to empower DISCOMs with the opportunity to break even in the set period of 2-3 years . This was to be achieved through four initiatives

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SECTOR // FOCUS

The Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana (UDAY) for revival of discoms has not met the targets. The cumulative financial losses of discoms grew 44 per cent to INR 21,658 crore at the end of FY19, reversing the declining trend since the scheme was launched in November 2015.

n Improving operational efficiencies of DISCOMs; n Reduction of cost of power; n Reduction in interest cost of DISCOMs; n Enforcing financial discipline on DISCOMs through alignment with State finances. The scheme was considered as a path breaking reform for realizing the Hon’ble Prime Minister’s vision of affordable and accessible 24x7 Power for All.

Current Scenario: In a review meeting held by the Ministry of Power in February 2019 with the state officials, the states under the UDAY scheme had expressed their inability to meet the targets. Further, according to the provisional data, furnished by 26 states/UTs,

operational efficiency of distribution companies across India stood at 19.05 per cent at the end of fiscal 2019, while the target was to bring down these losses to 15 per cent by FY19-end.

As per the provisional data, furnished by 26 states/UTs, - operational efficiency of distribution companies across India stood at 19.05 per cent at the end of fiscal 2019, while the target was to bring down these losses to 15 per cent by FY19-end. cent, Jharkhand’s AT&C losses were at 34.59 per cent vs the target of 15 per cent, Bihar’s power supply losses came in at 36.34 per cent against 21.16 per cent target for FY19.

The aggregate technical and commercial (AT&C) losses — electricity units lost on account of pilferage — are linked to operational efficiency. Of the 24 participating states, which have reported data on aggregate technical and commercial losses, only seven—Himachal Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Kerala, Telangana, and Tamil Nadu—have losses below 15 per cent.

The provisional data also pointed out that discoms were losing 25 paise on every unit of electricity sold (ACS-ARR gap) at the end of financial year 2019. Unfortunately this gap has widened in several states, including Jharkhand, Punjab Goa, Manipur, and Jammu and Kashmir. Meaning they failed to meet another UDAY target which was to eliminate the gap by the end of FY19.

While on the other hand, the AT&C losses for Uttar Pradesh were at 24.64 per cent against the target of 19.37 per

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April - May 2019

sECTOR // FOCUS

Discoms misses on AT&C Loss Targets at the end of FY-2019 States under UDAY

Targeted Loss by FY19

Actual Loss by FY19

Loss at end of FY18

Uttar Pradesh

19.37 %

24.64 %

27.67 %

Jharkhand

15 %

34.59 %

31.78 %

Bihar

21.16 %

36.34 %

33.19 %

Haryana

15 %

18.99 %

20.29 %

Rajathan

15 %

21.99 %

20.02 %

Madhya Pradesh

16.39 %

31.41 %

29.74 %

Chattisgarh

15 %

22.66 %

18.8 %

Jammu & Kashmir

25 %

52.27 %

53.78 %

Source: UDAY PORTAL

AT&C Loss - Aggregate Technical and Commercial Loss

Another area of worry was the outstanding dues of INR 25,475 crore against 17 power generating companies at the end of FY19. Discoms owe INR 9,771.91 crore alone to NTPC and about INR 3,448.66 crore to Adani Power.

immediately taken into consideration while calculating electricity tariffs.

Saubhagya scheme also seemed to have exacerbated the situation.

Meanwhile, untimely payments from bulk consumers such as local bodies and state government departments have put additional pressure on them.

Key Issues:

Also reduction in bill collection from rural areas where electricity supply has increased but the government is of the view that the states’ continue to make losses due to inadequate tariff revision by state electricity regulatory commissions.

However, the blame was once again put on weak finances of the discoms, which could not build adequate infrastructure to supply round-the-clock electricity.

The states under the UDAY scheme had expressed inability to meet the targets as the power purchase costs increased manifold. The increase in power purchase cost, as cited by the states, was due to the shortage of coal, rise in railway freight charges, an increase in employee cost on account of 7th pay commission implementation.

While the ratings agency CRISIL, stated that discom debt was set to rise to the levels that existed before the scheme was implemented. However, according to the Ministry’s latest note, states had taken over 75 per cent discoms debt amounting to almost INR 2.09 lakh crore and argued that neither the debt has increased to pre-UDAY levels, nor has the discom performance become unsustainable.

Few argued that Discoms have been the victim of inadequate tariff hikes by electricity regulators. Research agency ICRA noted that the median tariff hike for the discoms at all-India level had reduced from 8 per cent for FY15 to 4 per cent for FY16 and FY17 and further to 3 per cent and 1 per cent for FY18 and FY19, respectively.

Conclusion: The government had failed to achieve the initial target of ensuring “24×7 affordable and quality power for all by March 2019”, with many major states providing only 17-18 hours of electricity a day to rural consumers. Though the addition of 2.5 crore new household connections through the

On the other hand, discoms have also been waiting for regulators to liquidate “regulatory assets” worth around Rs 77,000 crore, as estimated by India Ratings. Regulatory assets are recoverable discom expenses which state power regulators acknowledge as pass through costs, but are not |

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No doubt, there had been several operational inefficiencies, which have hurt the performance of discoms across several states, like the lack of effective billing procedures, poor measurement of power consumption, and ineffective monitoring of power theft. All in all, the aggregate measures on UDAY’s performance are boosted by a handful of high-performing states like Gujarat, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh and Telangana. Only these states have been able to perform well on most of the financial and operational parameters of the scheme. Beyond these success stories, there are serious questions on the efficacy of the UDAY scheme to turnaround the power sector. While assuming charge of the power ministry for the second term, RK Singh, said that the next target would be to ensure 24×7 power for all. However, Singh acknowledged that “such a programme warrants commercial viability,” and thus, “sustainability of the sector would be the next focus area of the government”. n

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April - May 2019

sECTOR // FOCUS Cover Focus

Power Distribution

Optiing Underground Network

ransmission and distribution of power is done either by overhead lines or by underground cables. However, short circuiting of overhead conductors is common on account of severe weather conditions like heavy winds, storms and heavy rains, or falling of tree branches on the OH lines, etc. Recently, when the Cyclone Fani maltreated Odisha, it also massively shattered the state’s electricity infrastructure, where large numbers of electrical poles, thousands of distribution transformers and many kilometres of low tension wires as well as some grids were severely damaged leaving the state in darkness for days. Experts feel that such damages could be prevented through underground electrical cabling. This is because underground cables help in ensuring uninterrupted power supply - uncommon in overhead systems on account of host of benefits it offers.

Key Benefits: Underground cabling plays a crucial role in providing 24×7 reliable power supply on account of their attached benefits. Foremost, as these underground cables are not exposed to the environment – it helps mitigating the damages caused by austere weather conditions. Secondly, being placed underground it becomes nearly

April - May 2019

Power Insight

impossible to tap the conductor, thereby helps in checking illegal connections providing protection against power theft – one of the biggest problems faced by the power distribution sector in India. Thirdly, the underground cabling system is suitable for congested areas where overhead lines may be difficult or impossible to install. As these cables are not visible on ground, these provide an aesthetic look to the area where these are laid as compare to overhead lines. Last but not the least, the safety aspect of underground cables are comparatively more than overhead lines. As OH conductor are exposed in air, a minimum safety clearance is required for the overhead line from any surrounding like surrounding building /trees etc which may not be available in densely populated areas, while underground cables do not require such clearances . Also, the snapping of the overhead conductors in densely populated areas poses serious safety hazard. Hence, UG cables are preferred in the densely populated areas. Moreover, Underground cables generally pose no hazard to wildlife as compared to overhead network.

Government Initiatives: Underground cabling too is gaining increased acceptance among state and central transmission utilities as it provides

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SECTOR // FOCUS Also, damages due to wrong handling / laying of cable also weakens the insulation of the cables. In addition, the uncoordinated underground development activities undertaken by multiple agencies and private contractors result in frequent cable cuts, leading to a depreciated life of the cable and an increase in operating costs.

areas of the Chennai Corporation. The Bangalore Electricity Supply Company Limited (Bescom) also plans to lay 18,900 kilometres of underground power cables starting this year. Meanwhile, underground cabling projects have also been proposed under the Smart Cities Mission to ensure reliable power supply and enhance aesthetics.

Way forward:

The Underlying Challenge

According to a recent World Bank report, India loses 4 per cent of its GDP due to inefficiency in power distribution, ranking it 80th among 137 economies in terms of “reliability of power supply”. India has the dubious distinction of losing 20 per cent of electricity in transmission and distribution, one of the highest in the world.

The choice of whether to use overhead line (OHL) or underground cable (UGC) must be made keeping in view the safety, reliability and operational constraints. The choice between OHL and UGC is driven by technical, environmental and economic considerations.

greater safety as compared to overhead cables. Underground cabling by distribution utilities is primarily being done under the government’s Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS). The scheme envisions the implementation of over 18,000 km of underground cables across various states. Among these states – Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan together accounts for the 50 per cent of the total target. The majority of underground cable projects are being implemented under the IPDS scheme that has earmarked INR 20 billion for execution of these projects. Underground distribution cabling projects are also being implemented under other state and central government schemes for network improvements. In 2017, the Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation (Tangedco) decided to go for underground cabling in extended

The first major roadblock for underground cabling is that it is cost prohibitive. Since the estimated cost of the UG cabling system is about 3-4 times than the equivalent OH system. The question arises as from where the massive investment required will come as most of the distribution companies are under the burden of debt.

No doubt a lot of it can be addressed by underground cabling system - a blessing for the transmission and distribution segment, as it helps in network expansion in densely populated areas, lower risk of electrocution and voltage drops, minimises the chances of stealing power while also adds to the aesthetic appeal.

Further, the U/G cables have to be laid in the proper tranches and also have more restoration time in case of any fault as compare to OH lines. Also additional precautions are needed while selecting the cables to be used as the repair costs is comparatively higher, which requires digging as the system is not easily accessible.

However, both overhead & underground network have their own advantage and disadvantage over each other. As a sub-transmission and distribution line cover the landscape and population structure within the city/town/village throughout its length, the choice between OH and U/G cabling system has be taken based on safety, aesthetic look, clearance available, rules and regulations in force and other factors.

Since these cables are below the ground, they require specialised techniques for fault detection and restoration, and the repair time is much longer. Also, it is difficult to modify underground lines once the cables have been laid.

In a nutshell, the specific needs and requirement of an area is essential to consider before undertaking such a high cost underground cabling projects. The sub transmission and distribution lines may also undertake a mix of both as per actual site conditions.

While maintenance may be low in the initial decade after underground systems are introduced, it can exponentially rise later. Normally the lifespan of a cable is about 40 to 50 years. But over the time, the insulation of cable may get damaged or weakened due to ageing or from other underground activities.

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Though, underground power distribution system is an expensive choice but is mandatory to supply electricity in highly populated areas. n

Power Insight

April - May 2019

INDUSTRY // INSIGHT Industry Insight

Diesel Generators

Diesel Gensets

Market Trends Diesel Generator Market in India is all set for decent growth over the next couple after a subdued growth witnessed during FY13-17, when industry volumes declined. The key drivers for this expected growth are the end markets like Infrastructure, Commercial and Manufacturing sector that are seeing a revival in the country. Power Insight magazine presents an overview of diesel generator set market in India while taking an insight into key market trends, and the market outlook during 2019 and beyond.

April - May 2019

Power Insight

iesel generators (DG Sets) is an appliance with a combination of diesel engine and an electric generator used to generate electricity. Though, India has seen a decline in power deficit over the past couple of years. However, the country is still prone to frequent outages directly affecting the operations of industrial and commercial units. These diesel generator sets are mainly used for meeting backup power requirements to prevent discontinuity of daily business operations. Over the past few years, India has seen an increasing adoption of renewable energy â&#x20AC;&#x201C; especially solar power across industrial and commercial units. No doubt the power generation from diesel generators is relatively quite expensive if we compare it to solar power. But then, it is to be noted here that diesel generators are used primarily for backup power and not prime power.

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INDUSTRY // INSIGHT industry in India witnessed a decline in volumes at 5 per cent CAGR, during the period FY13-17.

by 2021, growing at a CAGR of 5.7 per cent. The projections on growth were made looking at the growing demand for uninterrupted and reliable power supply from all major endâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;users, such as industrial and commercial endusers across the globe.

This decline in volumes in DG sets was mainly on account of lower power deficits in the country. The demand for power weakened with macroeconomic slowdown. Also there was weak demand from key end markets â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Industrial/Manufacturing, Real Estate and Infrastructure.

The report also projects that the diesel generator sales segment is expected to hold the largest share of the generator market sales, during the forecast period. The key advantages that will help the diesel generator market to grow worldwide are its long running life, easy parts and fuel availability, and quick response time.

Most importantly, on account of collapse in demand from telecom towers segment, the DG set industry was badly affected during this period. Earlier a major share of the diesel generator set market sales was contributed by the telecom sector that accounted for 55-60 per cent of sales in the low power range segment.

The report projected the Asia-Pacific market to lead the global generator market sales. This is mainly on account of the growth of the manufacturing sector in China, India, Indonesia, and Taiwan.

Demand Revival on Cards:

Also, the growth of the IT industry and healthcare infrastructure in the region will also play a significant role in the growth of the generator market in the Asia-Pacific region.

Various market reports points to revival of demand on cards for diesel generator set market in India over the coming years. This growth in demand has been predicted on account of rise in demand across the key end markets.

Indian Market Overview:

The key factors that favour a diesel genset as a preferred option for power backup are the relative ease and advantages it offers. These advantages are its low upfront cost, shorter installation period, higher efficiency (43-45 per cent), quick start-up time, and fuel flexibility. Since the power distribution network in India is still unreliable and will take its course to come on track. Till then there will be continuity in demand for DG sets in the market.

Global DG Sets Market: According to MarketsandMarkets report, the size of the generator market globally was estimated at around USD 18.57 billion in 2016. The report projected the size of the global generator market to grow up to USD 24.45 billion

The demand drives include planned growth across Infrastructure segments. The current government is focusing on preparing the economy through increased infrastructure spending, especially on roads, metro rail and railways. Also, positive growth is expected in commercial segment and manufacturing segment.

The diesel genset market in India is capable of offering diesel generators from low to very high power ratings. On basis of power ratings the DG set market in India can be classified into four segments: Low (5-75 kVA), MidRange (75.1-350 kVA), High (350.1-750 kVA) and Very High (750.1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;3,000 kVA).

While few argue that the declining power deficit in India will affect the demand for diesel generators. It should be noted that since around 10-15 per cent of demand for DG sets is for prime power and around 85-90 per cent of market demand for DG sets is for backup power.

The Indian DG set market is also seeing a shift in customers buying trends. Pricing that used to be considered as the most important factor persuading the final DG set purchase decision of the customers - is now shifting. Now, the brand, distribution reach, service and spare part availability, and product reliability and portfolio depth are some of the factors that are gaining popularity among customers before selecting a particular diesel generator set manufacturer.

Unfortunately, the country still faces T&D constraints along with distribution companies still struggling with their finances. These factors will continue to cause interruptions in power supply position across the country. Thus the market will continue to create demand for DG sets - despite low power deficits.

The DG set market in India had seen a remarkable growth during the period spanning across 2004 to 2011. However, the diesel generator set www.powerinsight.vision-media.co.in

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April - May 2019

INDUSTRY // INSIGHT

The diesel genset market in India is highly competitive. Leading overseas players are increasing their footprints in the market with products high in quality and technology. The increasing competition in the market has led to the introduction of many innovative and advanced product and solutions. This growing competition from international and domestic players has led to a significant discount in prices, affecting manufacturersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; profit margins.

Various market reports estimates around 5 to 10 per cent of CAGR in the diesel genset market over the coming years.

Competitive Landscape: Diesel generator set market in India is well matured having presence of overseas players as well as domestic vendors. Some of the leading market players are Caterpillar, Cummins, Kir-

The competitive situation in Indian DG set market is expected to deepen further with the increase in technological innovations. Overseas players may look at M&A, and product or service extensions.

The competitive situation in Indian DG set market is expected to deepen further with the increase in technological innovations. Overseas players may look at M&A, and product or service extensions. The competitive scenario in the DG set market may also lead acquiring regional or local players by International players to strengthen their position in the market.

loskar, and Mahindra & Mahindra. Other noticeable manufacturer / suppliers in the market includes Atlas Copco, Ashok Leyland, MTU, C&S Electric, Escorts Group, Eicher Motors, FG Wilson, Generac Power Systems, Greaves Cotton, Honda Siel Power, Kohler, International Tractors Ltd. (Sonalika), Sterling Generators, and TATA Motors.

April - May 2019

Power Insight

Market Outlook: A revival in infrastructure and industrial growth will yield positive results for the DG set and engine market over the next couple of years. In addition, revival in economic growth would drive up manufacturing segment that

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would result in increase in demand for DG sets. Also, investments in the IT/ITeS (especially data centre capacity), railways, roadways, commercial and real estate segments are expected to provide an impetus to the growth of the DG set market. India diesel gensets market is projected to reach $ 1.24 billion by 2022. Anticipated growth in the market can be attributed to increasing demand for uninterrupted power across commercial as well as residential set-ups coupled with rising number of huge government sponsored projects such as 100 smart cities, AMRUT, freight corridor and national highways projects. Further, India is witnessing growing urbanisation and higher government spending on the infrastructure sector which will lead to an increase in backup power requirements â&#x20AC;&#x201C; indicating a positive outlook for the demand for DG sets in days to come. Anyways, the bigger demand drivers for DG sets have always been the industrial, infrastructure and real estate capex. A positive growth across these three end markets will play an important role in recovery in DG set demand and market growth over the coming years. n

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Power Insight

April - May 2019

INDUSTRY // INSIGHT

DG Sets

Technology Trends The designing aspect of Diesel generator (DG) set has witnessed progressive innovations and technological advancement in recent years. Most of these developments in DG sets design have been aimed to keep pace with changing environmental norms and improving efficiency.

iesel generator (DG) sets have long been the preferred power backup choice in India due to unreliable grid supply scenario of the country. Though being expensive on a perkilowatt-hour basis, diesel generator sets are still preferred by customers due to their key inherent benefits. The DG sets are easy to install and operate. In addition, the low space requirements and easy availability in the market makes diesel generator set a preferred power back-up choice. In recent years, the designing aspect of Diesel generator (DG) set has witnessed progressive innovations and technological advancement. These technological innovations have been undertaken in DG sets in order to reduce noise, control emissions, and increase power output and efficiency. In addition, advancement on technological front has also helped in making diesel gensets more compact and suitable for use in extreme climatic conditions.

April - May 2019

Power Insight

Technology Trends towards Efficiency Improvement Fuel efficient operation of generator sets is not only desirable but also important. Although there is no official data on diesel consumption by diesel generator sets, ICF estimates that 4.51 billion litres (worth INR 248 billion) of diesel was consumed by diesel generators in the FY 2012-13. Thus to ensure fuel efficient and less polluting diesel generator sets, Government of India has published regulations governing efficiency of and emissions from diesel generator sets. In order to increase fuel efficiency, manufacturers are developing large-sized DG sets for critical standby power and/or for continuous operations.

CRDi Technology: Advanced technologies like Common rail direct injection (CRDi) system - an electronically monitored injection system - is increasingly being used in diesel engines, which injects the

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INDUSTRY // INSIGHT fuel directly from the fuel tank into the combustion chamber. One of the biggest advantages of CRDi system is control over the timing of the fuel injection in addition to amount of the fuel injected. This CRDi technology not only increases power output and improves fuel efficiency, but also helps in reducing exhaust emissions. Today, manufacturers use CRDi technology to overcome some of the shortcomings of conventional diesel engines which were sluggish, noisy and poor in performance.

Hybrid Technologies: Hybrids or multi-fuel technologies help in increasing system reliability and efficiency. The most common hybrid technology in use is solar photovoltaic (PV) and diesel gensets. The main aim of installing a solar PV-diesel hybrid system is to maximise the load on the PV system and minimise it on the DG set. Though this type of systems varies as per the load requirements, location, solar radiation levels, etc., however they can be scaled up from a few kilowatts up to a megawatt scale. The key advantage of hybrid power systems is cost efficiency as they reduce dependence on expensive diesel fuel. In addition it also serves the purpose of clean energy generation and uninterrupted power supply. This is the reason more and more telecom tower operators are now opting for hybrid solutions.

Technology Trends to meet Environment Norms A typical diesel generator converts the chemical energy contained in diesel fuel to mechanical energy. Thus, when diesel is burnt in a generator, it emits Oxides of Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide and particulate matter into the atmosphere. These gases and matters are detrimental to the environment as well as to the inhabitants living around. So, to keep these emissions in control, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in collaboration with the

Ministry of Environment and Forests has laid down emission regulations for diesel generator sets. These standards are expected to be revised every four to five years.

lowering the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber, as well as through heat absorption. In EGR systems, a part of the exhaust gases is re-circulated into the engine, which contains the unburnt fuel and carbon thus allowing combustion at a much lower temperature, thereby reducing NOx formation.

This has also necessitated for every manufacturer, importer or assembler of diesel generators to possess a Type Approval certificate for each product and a COP (Conformity of Product) certificate for each series of product. Without valid certificates, manufacturers shall not be allowed to sell, import or assemble any diesel generator. The COP certificate needs to be validated each year (From 1st July to 30th June).

Digitalisation Trends Today, DG sets are getting smart with integration of digital controls as against analog controls installed in conventional systems. These Smart DG sets consist of digital controls report the real-time status of all aspects of a diesel engine â&#x20AC;&#x201C; fuel, engine oil, coolant, engine temperature, battery status, transfer switch status, etc.

Since, diesel combustion occurs at very high temperatures in a DG set and releases NOx as a by-product. This NOx emissions need to be regulated as per the environment norms. Thus to comply with CPBC norms, following technologies are in trends among manufacturers for reducing emissions levels in a DG sets,

Thus, remote monitoring of these smart DG sets has become possible as these systems can be connected to a computer. This helps in real time reporting of the nature and place of a fault and can be corrected remotely. As a digital control system integrates all the functions of a diesel generator it saves a lot of space, whereas in conventional analog control systems - each function needed a separate control modules.

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Technology: SCR technology is one of the most cost-effective and fuel-efficient emission control technologies available for DG sets. In this technology, a liquidreducing agent - usually automotivegrade urea known as diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) - is injected through a special catalyst into the exhaust stream of a diesel engine.

These smart DG sets also helps in increasing the system reliability through stabilisation of voltage and output frequency. In addition, digital controls also helps in increasing fuel efficiency while reducing emissions through automatic adjustments to the fuel rate input and injection timing under varying load conditions.

This diesel exhaust fluid sets off a chemical reaction resulting in conversion of nitrogen oxides into nitrogen, water and tiny amounts of carbon dioxide. Since, nitrogen, water and carbon dioxide are natural components of the air these are expelled through the vehicle tailpipe into the air.

Conclusion While, the Diesel Generator industry has been going through tough times â&#x20AC;&#x201C; over the recent years, on account of stringent environment regulations and norms, it will continue to be the most preferred means of back-up power. Recent advances in diesel engine technology and fuel systems will likely make the diesel engine the most desirable for heavy transport, agriculture, backup power, and other systems for the years to come.n

Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Technology: Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an effective strategy to control NOx emissions from diesel engines and is being used by diesel engine manufacturers to lower the NOx emissions levels during combustion process. The EGR reduces NOx through

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Power Insight

April - May 2019

Market // REVIEW Market Review

Solar PV Panel

Solar

PV Panel Market Review

ndia currently ranks as the third largest solar energy market globally. The cumulative installed solar energy capacity in the country has crossed the 28 GW mark as of March 31, 2019. In other words, the country still has to accomplish more than 70 per cent of the 100 GW solar energy capacity targets set for 2022. This opens up lots of opportunity for solar equipmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s manufacturers and suppliers over the coming years. In a solar project, PV modules accounts for around 60 per cent of the total project cost. With Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s eagerness to achieve 70GW of target makes it stand out as one of the most attractive market for solar modules manufacturers and suppliers in days to come. Power Insight looked into the growth of solar panel market in India while analysing the solar panels price trends and market competitiveness.

April - May 2019

Power Insight

Market Overview: Global Solar PV capacity has been estimated to be around 500 GW at the end of the first quarter of 2019. The solar PV currently represents one of the fastest-growing sources of renewable energy in the world. Though, the year 2018 witnessed a fall in the demand however, market reports expects 2019 a comeback year for the sector. Various market reports predicts that the global solar PV market will see growth of around 25 per cent in 2019 and will install a total of around 130 GW worth of new solar capacity. Asia region has been generating the highest demand for solar installations since last 5 years and will continue to be the leader with an estimated market share of around 55 per cent for the next five years too. China, India and Japan will be the highest

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Market // REVIEW

contributor accounting for over 75 per cent of this capacity increase, according to various reports.

Global Pv Module Market : According to GlobalData, a leading data and analytics company, the global solar PV panels / modules market held an aggregated value of USD 188.5bn between 2012 and 2017, with the aggregate global solar PV module market value likely to be USD 137.6 bn between 2018 and 2022. In 2017, Asia-Pacific represented the largest solar PV module market, registering 74.9 per cent of the global market share, followed by America with 15 per cent. While, Europe, Middle East and Africa region together accounted for remaining 10 per cent

ket over the coming years. Similarly Japan has reduced its feed-in-tariff rate for solar PV which is likely to cause the market to drop.

of the global solar PV panels / module market value. According to market reports, the global solar PV module market is projected to decline over the coming years due to changes in financial support provided, decline in technology prices, shift in focus towards grid infrastructure development, and growth of other technologies.

However, global efforts to reduce power sector carbon emissions and improve self-sufficiency are few primary drivers which will contribute to the continued deployment of solar PV in various nations across the world.

While on the other hand, Asia-Pacific led the solar PV module market over the past years and will continue to lead the market, though a drop in its share of the global market is on the card.

Top solar PV module manufacturers that lead the global market are Canadian Solar, Jinko Solar, Yingli Green Energy, Hanwha SolarOne, JA Solar, Sharp, First Solar, Kyocera, Renesolar, SunPower and Trina Solar.

The market is likely to decline as China has proposed the removal of subsidies in 2018, which is expected to have a negative impact on the mar-

India Solar PV Market :

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Indian solar photovoltaic market has seen tremendous growth in terms |

Power Insight

April - May 2019

Market // REVIEW panels market.

Technology Trends

of new capacity addition in the last four years. Mega solar power plants are developing at a full swing with huge amount of domestic and foreign investments in the sector.

Though there had been some chaos in the market during the recent past. India that was the second largest solar market in the world till first half of 2018 has slipped to the third position. Experts believe that the solar PV market in India will continue to face disorder for some time moving forward. The solar energy installations in the country weakened mainly due to imposition of the safeguard duty and the Goods and Services Tax (GST), among other issues.

This was also possible due to ease in land acquisition and other legal approvals from the central and state government. The governance of the market is maintained by large domestic and international project developers with partial intervention of government. The market growth is on card as over 400 MW of PV projects are in pipeline across India at the end of 2018. According to one report - there are approximately 80 large-scale project developers with a pipeline of 5 MW or more in India, with Acme Solar holding the largest project pipeline at the end of 2018.

Imposition of safeguard duty was aimed at incentivising domestic manufacturing. Unfortunately, it led to an increase in tariffs as solar components have become more costly. Thus, resulting in the uncalled for delays as well as cancellation of many solar auctions. According to certain market reports this duty levy could result into reducing the solar PV market demand in India by around 2 GW through to 2020.

In addition, technological developments in solar rooftop PV segment such as Net-Metering, Feed-In Tariff, Accelerated Depreciation Mechanism, Generation Based Incentives, etc., have pressed the use of renewable solar energy at small scale and this is expected to boost the solar rooftop PV market â&#x20AC;&#x201C; too, over the coming years.

April - May 2019

Power Insight

However, as India is aspiring to reach it 100 GW of solar pv targets and still has a long way to go. We feel that the country will remain as one of the major region that will create a substantial demand for the solar pv

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The three major types of solar panels available in the Indian market are Mono-crystalline solar panels, Multi-crystalline or Poly-crystalline solar panels and Thin-film solar panels. Being a price sensitive market, the use of multi crystalline solar panels / modules still lead the market in India. However, developers have seriously started considering mono crystalline solar panels for projects looking at the added advantages it offers. Solar markets around the world are noticeably inclining towards mono crystalline solar panels technology. Recent trends in the Indian solar market have also shown a significant increase in market share of mono crystalline panels. Mono crystalline panels being high efficiency modules have many more advantages over multi/poly crystalline panels. Increasing demand for energy efficiency and optimum resource utilization will propel the Mono crystalline market growth in India. Meanwhile, one of the most important aspects of mono crystalline panes is higher ROI along with reduced use of land when used in large-scale projects. Since, land availability has been one of the major challenges in India â&#x20AC;&#x201C; mono crystalline panelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s market share is projected to witness gain over the coming years. However, increasing investment toward utility installations coupled with declining component cost will keep the positive drive the polycrystalline solar PV module market for some time.

Price Trends The decline in the cost of solar PV modules is one of the major factors driving the global solar PV market. If we look at the price trends data of the

Market // REVIEW India has witnessed a declining price trends in pv module space since 2014 till January 2019 with the increase in solar pv demand.

past - by 2014, solar PV module prices reduced by 75 per cent, as compared to that in 2009. The decline can be mainly attributed to the improvement in material efficiency, production optimization, and economies of scale. Solar PV modules can be installed at utility, commercial, and residential scales. For the last three to four years, Asia accounted for about two-third of the global solar PV addition. In 2017, the top five markets of China, United States, Japan, India, and United Kingdom, accounting for almost 85% of the addition.

The module prices have seen decline of around 31 per cent during the period. The CAGR of module prices have been estimated to -14.78 per cent year on year basis. If the trend continues, the pv module prices are expected to fall down to approximately 8 cents by 2026. As further analysed by the industry experts, the pv modules prices trends in India have been in direct proportion to the demand trends. However, stable module prices are expected throughout the year, which is a direct result of continued high demand.

While the Indian solar market completely depends on the demand and module supply. The last few years’ trends show a huge market boom in the country. The growth during the period was majorly dependent on the supply of modules at the lowest prices leading to competitive environment in the industry. As South East Asia – especially China has been the major supplier of pv panels to India –

Way Forward: India solar pv market is growing at a remarkable pace. If the growth trend continues at the current pace, the country is expected to achieve its 100

GW targets by 2023-24. The solar pv market in India suddenly witnessed a slowdown in Q3 of 2018 – irrespective of huge solar tenders and huge demand in the country. There are several reasons for this - such as currency depreciation, cancellation of auctions and tenders, re-negotiation of Power Purchase Agreements, Anti-dumping duties, GST ambiguity, etc. However, the on-going developments and projects in pipeline show a positive growth trajectory ahead for solar pv market in India. Though, things have changed a little in the Indian solar industry after the imposition of the safeguard duties. The market witnessed a little rearranging when it comes to modules suppliers, while others have consolidated their positions. No doubt, the imposition of the safeguard duty has helped domestic module manufacturers seize a larger share of the market in 2018 as compared to 2017. n

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Market // REVIEW

Industry Interaction Rajendra Kumar Parakh Chief Financial Officer Vikram Solar

1. Your views on growth of module market in India and challenges faced during the past year? What are your expectations from the market during current financial year 2019-20? 2018 was not the best performing year for Indian solar power sector. Solar installation rate declined due to record low tariffs, reverse bidding and confusion regarding GST and safeguard duties. Although, the country installed nearly 8 GW of solar capacity in 2018, nearly 90% of the PV modules used were imported from suppliers like China. Even after introducing 25% safeguard duty, the imported module prices emerged cheaper than that of domestically manufactured PV panels. On the other hand, the duty imposed on SEZ based solar units in India made domestic modules costlier, reducing their market demand further. With the continuous import of solar modules, the issue of quality also continued to surface putting the reliability of solar energy under question. Indian PV industry has witnessed nearly 90% fall in module costs from 2006 to 2018, although it has been hailed as a symbol of success of solar proliferation across the world, paired with quality issues (of imported modules) and lack of project financing solutions have resulted into decline in solar installation and dealt damage to the Indian PV industry. In 2019, renewable energy in India is expected to add nearly 15 GW capacity, out of which most is expected to come from solar. The Government of India is focusing on rooftop solar power growth (expected to be ~40% higher than 2018), increasing floating solar projects (80 MW of new floating solar capacity addition within 2019 is expected), solar parks getting operational, and leading states in India (Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu) promising to increasing their solar adoption levels indicate a bright future for solar in the country. With Modi led Government returning to power, we are hopeful of seeing new opportunities while getting solutions for issues like- safeguard duties, transmission issues, |

April - May 2019

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Market // REVIEW

lack of flexible financing etc. 2. As compared to global trends, how the market in India has its take for mono-crystalline technology over the more common multi-crystalline? Do you see an increasing adoption of mono-crystalline panels from here on in the Indian PV market? Polycrystalline panels have a long proven history thus still are a large part of Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s module mix. As far as Mono is concern, the recent trend has shown a substantial increase in its market share in India and abroad. With Mono being high-efficiency module, it has many advantages over its counterpart- from having better space utilization to longest solar panel life and from better efficiency to having superior heat tolerance. Additionally, with advanced process technology like PERC, Monocrystalline modules have increased its efficiency up to 22% in cell level. With major markets now interested in Monocrystalline solar panels, we see the Mono PERC becoming a mainstream product in the next 1-2 years. Moreover, recent market trend show a rapid decline in Polycrystalline module market share, and the demand for new module technologies like bifacial and half cut modules have risen by folds. Keeping that in mind, large scale solar project developers are still persisting with Polycrystalline silicon. However, with rooftop and residential market, we see a change in demand to monocrystalline modules; this increase is mainly due to its superior space utilization and aesthetic. Further, we are observing a shift from 1000 to 1500 system voltage in the past years. 3. What has been the impact of safeguard duty on Indian PV market during the past year? In an ideal scenario, 25% safeguard duty (20% now) on the solar module and cell imports (mainly modules) would have helped the industry and the domestic manufactur-

ing sector by creating demand. But as the duty targeted domestic solar manufacturing units within the special economic zones (SEZ) as well, it did more harm to the domestic industry than good. Imposing 25% safeguard duty on SEZ based domestic solar manufacturing units have increased solar module production charges and pushed domestic manufacturers in India out of business. The duty has brought the issue of job losses, as the demand for domestically manufactured modules and cells fall. As a domestic solar module manufacturer, the majority of our solar cells came from China (as Indian solar cell manufacturing capacity is low). Therefore, the imposition of Safeguard duty on the cells and modules manufactured in SEZ (India) have made thriving in the market very challenging. It has also raised the project costs by 25%, which has adversely affected project growth within the country. On the other hand, safeguard duties have failed to stop the imported solar equipment influx within the country, as even after paying safeguard duties, the imported solar equipment is cheaper than domestically manufactured solar equipment. For projects, which were auctioned before the implementation of Safeguard Duty, developers are inclined to buy imported solar modules as they can pass on the cost of duty to end of consumers, under a change in law clause only if the modules are imported. Also for the projects, which were auctioned out after the implementation of SGD, procurement would be done in the second half of 2019. So the SGD didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t yield any positive results for the domestic manufacturers. We are hopeful that the new Government will make modifications to the policies and solve this issue, prioritizing domestic manufacturing in solar, which can promise industrial and economic progress.

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Power Insight

April - May 2019

Market // REVIEW

Impact of Safegaurd Duty Author : Chetan Shah - Director - Goldi Solar

he imposition of safeguard duty on solar cells and module imports has been in effect since July 30, 2018.

This move by the Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR) created a temporary chaos in the Indian solar industry, ultimately resulting in reduced demand for a few months. But gradually, after the initial storm had subsided, demand started picking up. All the big solar developers who used to procure imported solar modules began to source them from the domestic market. This greatly benefited the domestic module manufacturers. Secondly those manufacturers who used to import solar panels, also started running their manufacturing capacities to optimal levels. Even the handful of domestic cell manufacturers have benefited from imposition of safeguard duty with their order books full for the coming months. However, in India, the operational solar cell manufacturing capacity is very meagre. It is hardly enough to meet the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s burgeoning demand. India will auction close to 25 GW to 30 GW of projects a year. Domestic manufacturers are not in a position to manufacture over 3 GW or 4 GW. The Indian cell manufacturing also lacks the technology to deliver high efficiency solar cells. These shortcomings will create a huge demand-supply gap for solar cells. Going forward, at least 80% will be imported. Besides, after imposition of safeguard duty on solar cells from China, these were imported from other countries like Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia without paying SGD. So, the government did not benefit in any special way by imposing duty on solar cells. For this move to be effective, the government should first create a favourable environment to boost cell manufacturing in India along with ample support for developing latest technologies.

April - May 2019

Power Insight

And till the time cell manufacturing capacities reach optimal levels so as to bridge the demand-supply gap, the government should exclude solar cells from safeguard duty. The HSN code for solar cells and solar modules is the same. So, imposing a safeguard duty on one will automatically drag the other in the duty net. One classic example of avoiding this situation is the policy implemented by Turkey wherein the government there made import duty applicable on only that portion of glass that would cover solar cells. In this way, a solar panel came into the tax duty net whereas it protected cells from getting taxed. In simpler words, the solar cells that are covered under glass will attract duty whereas loose solar cell imports will not attract duty. This move benefited Turkish panel manufacturers in a big way. One of the disadvantages the DTA units found themselves in on account of safeguard duty imposition was against manufacturers in SEZs (Special Economic Zones) with the latter enjoying all privileges and export advantages along with concessional tariffs and charges compared to Domestic Tariff Area units. Though SEZs are meant only for exports, they were selling in domestic market as well. This caused a huge disparity for DTA units in terms of opportunities. Whereas the Domestic Tariff Area units pay safeguard duty and GST on safeguard duty which blocks their working capital to a certain degree. Tweaking its policies and creating a favourable environment for domestic manufacturers, and encouraging investments in enhancing technologies is the need of the hour and expected from the GOI. This will ultimately create a win-win situation for the domestic cell manufacturers, the solar module manufacturers and developers.

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SPECIAL // FEATURE

Impressive footfalls at

Intersolar

India West

he Intersolar India West, the exhibition and conference for the solar industry in the booming markets of western India was held from 4th to 5th April at Bombay Exhibition Centre, Mumbai. The Mumbai edition gathered 5600+ trade visitors from various end user industries in the span of 2 days. The visitors attended in huge numbers on both the days putting a strong networking platform for 75+ exhibitors from across the globe offering solutions on photovoltaics, PV production and solar thermal technologies.

ing rural economy - mini & micro-Grids.

The variety of solar and renewable solution providers enabled a good sourcing platform for the industry stakeholders including; installers and integrators, project developers/ EPC contractors, manufacturers and suppliers, energy consultants, investors and analysts, architects/energy planner and government officials; etc.

In November 2019 Intersolar India will return to Bengaluru to deliver an even deeper view into the renewable energy future: It will be part of “The smarter E India” - India’s innovation hub for the new energy world - addressing the needs of a changing energy world in India.

Sessions like “Bridging the Sustainability Gap - Skills, Entrepreneurship and Technology” conducted by Skill Council for Green Jobs; welcomed 50+ speakers throughout the 2 days giving 100+ delegates numerous opportunities to get insights on the latest trends and key drivers of the solar and renewable industry. The day 2 of the exhibtion concluded with few of the key exhibitors presenting their technologies to the registered delegates.

Show Highlights

It will present cross-sector energy solutions and technologies and reflects the interaction of the solar, energy storage and electric mobility industry.

The exhibition included important conference sessions enabling more insights on India’s PV market development along with topics like; financing and business models, enhancing profitability and safety through O&M and improv-

The smarter E India will bring together the renowned Intersolar India, ees India and Power2Drive India. The exhibition trio will take place at the Bengaluru International Exhibition Centre in Karnataka on November 27-29, 2019. n

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April - May 2019

COMPANY // PRODUCTS Sutlej Jal Vidyut Nigam signs MoU for 900 MW Arun 3 Hydro Electric Project (Nepal) than INR 10,000 crores and cash reserves of around INR 2,900 crores SJVN has sufficient financial backing to provide for the equity part. He further asserted that, with India’s Largest Hydro Power Station in its kitty, SJVN has proven expertise of technically executing large Hydro Power Projects, with major underground components, in typical and challenging Himalayan Geology.

SJVNL MoU Signing

JVN is executing 900 MW Arun 3 Hydro Electric Project, through its wholly owned subsidiary SJVN Arun 3 Power Development Company (SAPDC). The project was awarded to SJVN Limited on build-own-operatetransfer (BOOT) basis for a period of 30 years. The total project cost is likely to be INR 7018 crores (NPR 11,229 crores), which includes both generation and transmission part. Sh. Nand Lal Sharma, Chairman & Managing Director, SJVN informed that the Project shall be financed on 70: 30 debt equity ratio. Accordingly SJVN will contribute INR 2105 crores (NPR 3369 crores) as equity while INR 4913 crores (NPR 7860 Crores) will be the debt portion. With present net worth of more

The consortium will provide a total term loan of INR 4913 crores (NPR 7860 Crores) in which State Bank of India will be providing INR 4100 crores (NPR 6560 Crores) the rest will be provided by Everest Bank limited and NABIL Bank Limited. The MoU was signed in the august presence of Hon’ble ExPrime Minister of Nepal Sh. Pushpa Kamal Dahal, Hon’ble Finance Minister of Nepal Dr. Yuba Raj Khatiwada, Chairman & Managing Director, SJVN Sh. Nand Lal Sharma & Deputy Managing Director of State Bank of India, Sh. P.N. Prasad. While Sh. Satish Sharma CEO SJVN Arun 3 Power Development Company (SAPDC) signed the agreement on behalf of SJVN Limited. n

Sachin Tendulkar and Schneider Electric electrify 25,000 households in India

preading Happiness InDiya Foundation (SHIF), a collaboration between cricketing icon Sachin Tendulkar and Schneider Electric India, have announced that under their Spreading Happiness Initiative they have electrified 25,000 households through their various solar based interventions. With an original commitment to provide electricity to 25,000 households by 2020, Spreading Happiness Initiative has achieved this significant milestone a year ahead of the scheduled target. Speaking on the accomplishment, Mr. Sachin Tendulkar said “The very foundation of SHIF was built around the vision of providing ‘energy autonomy’ to rural India through renewable energy. Having achieved this feat under Spreading Happiness Initiative, a year prior to the set target of 2020, we are motivated to take electricity to every corner of our country. This is the foundation stone for building a progressive society and supplementing the government’s efforts in this crucial area.” With schemes like Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti

Sh. Sharma further told that for the debt part of financing SJVN has entered into an MoU with a consortium of Banks led by State Bank of India. The other constituents of consortium are Everest Bank Limited and NABIL Bank Limited.

April - May 2019

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Yojana and Saubhagya, the government aims to provide continuous power supply by allocating electricity connection at an affordable cost to the people living in rural areas. This is a reiteration of the government’s commitment to provide energy access for households that are off the grid. SHIF is aligned with the government’s mission to provide access to energy for all. On the achievement, Mr. Anil Chaudhry, Zone President and Managing Director, Schneider Electric India said, “At Schneider Electric we believe that access to energy is a fundamental human right and are working at multiple levels to tackle the energy challenge faced by the citizens of the country. We are not only developing various products and solutions but also investing in vocational training of the youth to ensure steady supply of technical resources for deployment in remote regions. It is a matter of pride and immense satisfaction that our solutions have helped transform the lives of families in these 25,000 households by providing safe, reliable and sustainable power.”

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COMPANY // PRODUCTS

IWTMA submits recommendations to MNRE

ndian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association (IWTMA) today participated in the brainstorming session, ‘Chintan Baithak’ organized by Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) and submitted their recommendations to the Ministry.

Chairman Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers’ Association said, “The wind energy sector has been reeling under tremendous pressure and struggling with the transition from FiT to reverse bidding with tariff cap regime resulting in to very low tariff. The tariff discovered is so low that it is neither bankable nor sustainable. Due to this, irrespective of bidding of 17Gw, actual installation is around 700Mw. Also, in last two years, against country’s annual installed manufacturing capacity of 10Gw, only 15% capacity is utilized. This low capacity utilization is not sustainable by the sector and has severely affected 4,000 SMEs and 2 million jobs. At this rate, achieving national target of 175Gw by 2022 will be a big challenge. We appreciate the initiative of Honorable SEC - MNRE to have “Chintan Baithak’ of all stake holders to address concerns of the industry and solutions to address those concerns. Wind Sector with up to 90% localization is truly “Make in India” and FiT is more suitable for its sustained growth. Also, we need to unlock small and medium size investments at state level and promote export to fully utilize manufacturing capacity and be global hub for manufacturing wind power solutions. Keeping this in view, IWTMA suggested following.

n Implement FiT & 5 yrs. firm policy framework to develop 50 GW m NIWE certified 3 wind zones: less concentration on 2 high windy States m 5 yrs. tariff for each wind zone by CERC with yearly tariff reduction of 5 p. m Tariff fixation should be as per national tariff policy m SECI will provide PPA based on CERC tariff n Under open access, waiver of ISTS charges for captive consumers n Uniform Wheeling & Banking policy for captive power consumers in the states n Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) policy for <25 MW for small domestic investors in States n RPO Enforcement in states n Encourage manufacturing with 30% Capital subsidy (from carbon cess), uniform 5% GST, 5% IGST & export incentive of 10% We are confident that with above initiatives, we will be able to provide affordable, sustainable and reliable energy to our nation. Also, it will create new jobs, both in rural and urban India. Last but not the least, it will provide energy security to our nation and support achieve 175Gw by 2022. n

Schneider Electric launches EcoStruxure™ Asset Advisor for Electrical Distribution

chneider Electric, the global specialist in the digital transformation of energy management and automation, today announced the availability of EcoStruxure™ Asset Advisor for electrical distribution as part of the company’s EcoStruxure IoT-enabled system architecture and platform.

emergence of IoT, along with breakthroughs in connectivity, sensor technology, and analytics, to create an opportunity for critical facility managers to move from reactive to proactive management,” said Sudhir Puthran, Vice President Services, Greater India Zone, Schneider Electric India.

EcoStruxure Asset Advisor brings a proactive approach to electrical distribution, combining IoT and cloud-based technologies with Schneider Electric’s experts and services to provide predictive and preventive services for business continuity. Its services offer the ability to anticipate and address issues before they become critical incidents, mitigating safety risks, avoiding unplanned downtime, operational losses and expensive maintenance interventions.

EcoStruxure Asset Advisor’s key benefits include:

“Predictive and preventive maintenance have become critical for any business to ensure service continuity, reduction of downtime and maintaining its operational efficiency. In this context, EcoStruxure Asset Advisor harnesses the

n Increased safety: Better security of assets and personnel with early equipment failure warnings. n Greater operational performance: Reduced unscheduled downtime, increased asset life, and a consistent experience with an optimized maintenance plan. n Financial efficiency: Reduced failure risk as well as optimised ownership and maintenance costs thanks to new asset insight. n Industry leading expertise: The Schneider Electric Service Bureau provides expert monitoring of critical devices 24/7.

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April - May 2019

eVENT’S // DIARY

Save The Dates Solar India 2019

22-24

05-07

Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India

May 2019

Jun 2019

World Environment Expo 2019 Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India

Realising the immense potential and emerging opportunities existing in solar industry. Exhibitions India Group is organising the 4th edition of Solar India 2019 expo which will be held at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi from 22-24 May 2019. The theme of the exhibition and conference is “Solar Energy for a Sustainable Future.”

WORLD ENVIRONMENT EXPO (WEE 2019) is a b2b business platform for the national and international environment technology and equipment manufacturers to find out the new business opportunities worldwide. This event is a great opportunity to network with the Industry. WEE 2019 is a premium trade exhibition for products and services dedicated to the environment and its protection.

For Details Visit : http://www. solarindiaexpo.com

For Details Visit : http://www.worldenvironment.in

23-24 Jul 2019

18th Green Power

26-28

ITC Grand Chola, Chennai

Jul 2018

Globally, Renewable Energy is making rapid strides. Matching this trend, India is also witnessing an exponential growth in renewable energy and is expected to meet the GoI target of 175 GW by 2022. CII – Godrej GBC is organising its 17th Edition of “Green Power Conference & Exposition” to promote policy & finance facilitation and business excellence in this sector. For Details Visit : https//www.greenpower-cii.com

02-04

Aug 2019

Solar South 2019

Gandhinagar,Gujarat, Gujarat , India

Energy Tech India Expo provides the ultimate business solutions for the meetings and events industry, uniting an elite class of buyers from India and around the world. Exhibitors benefit from the opportunity to meet with a range of international and regional buyers who have the authority to place real business. For Details Visit : http://www.energyexpo.in/

10-12

Chennai Trade Centre, Chennai, India

Energy Tech India Expo

Aug 2019

Power Asia 2019 Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India

Solar South 2019 Expo is a grand Fifth Edition event and a superb opportunity for anyone solar industry leaders to meet the cream of manufacturers, suppliers and newcomers. Exhibition will showcase people, projects and products that are driving solar and storage to new heights of innovation and excellence.

Power is one of the most critical components of infrastructure crucial for the economic growth and welfare of India. Electricity demand in the country has increased rapidly and is expected to rise further in the years to come. In order to meet the increasing demand for electricity in the country, massive addition to the installed generating capacity is required.

For Details Visit : https://solarsouth.in/

For Details Visit : http://www.powerasia.in/

April - May 2019

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