Electromagnetic Field Electromagnetic Field An electromagnetic field (also EMF or EM field) is a physical field produced by moving electrically charged objects. It affects the behavior of charged objects in the vicinity of the field. The electromagnetic field extends indefinitely throughout space and describes the electromagnetic interaction. It is one of the four fundamental forces of nature (the others are gravitation, the weak interaction, and the strong interaction). The field can be viewed as the combination of an electric field and a magnetic field. The electric field is produced by stationary charges, and the magnetic field by moving charges (currents); these two are often described as the sources of the field. The way in which charges and currents interact with the electromagnetic field is described by Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force law. From a classical perspective, the electromagnetic field can be regarded as a smooth, continuous field, propagated in a wavelike manner; whereas from the perspective of quantum field theory, the field is seen as quantized, being composed of individual particles.
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Continuous structure :- Classically, electric and magnetic fields are thought of as being produced by smooth motions of charged objects. For example, oscillating charges produce electric and magnetic fields that may be viewed in a 'smooth', continuous, wavelike fashion. In this case, energy is viewed as being transferred continuously through the electromagnetic field between any two locations. For instance, the metal atoms in a radio transmitter appear to transfer energy continuously. This view is useful to a certain extent (radiation of low frequency), but problems are found at high frequencies. Properties of Electromagnetic Waves :Electromagnetic radiations are basically streams of photons. It is a transverse wave. In a transverse wave the medium has particles that vibrate in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the propagation of wave. The various properties of Electromagnetic waves are :1. The Velocity of electromagnetic wave in vacuum is 3 Ă— 108 m / s. 2. The existence of medium is not essential for propagation. 3. In vacuum, E.M waves travel with light velocity. 4. E.M waves can be polarized. 5. E.M waves are transverse in nature. 6. E.M waves have momentum. 7. There is no deflection on account of magnetic or electric field. 8. They can exhibit diffraction and interference. Electromagnetic Spectrum Waves :EM spectrum consists of different types of waves with different wavelength and frequencies. The wavelength and the frequency of the wave are inversely proportional to each other. The following are the Types of Electromagnetic Waves in the spectrum:
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1. Radio Waves 2. Micro Waves 3. Infrared Rays 4. Visible Light 5. Ultraviolet 6. X rays 7. Gamma Rays. Transfer of Energy by Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetic radiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. Basically it is the movement of waves from one place to another. For example: X rays and Gamma rays. In order to transfer energy E. R act on the particular stuff to cause of initiate the chemical reactions. It can break bonds by exceeding the activation energy. They can break or make bonds. For example: the microwave oven transferring energy for making pop corns. Also the light rays causing the reaction on the retina. The colors and everything else is an example. The energy carried is called Radiant energy.
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