Main Group Elements Main Group Elements In chemistry and atomic physics, main group elements are elements in groups (periodic columns) whose lightest members are represented by helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine as arranged in the periodic table of the elements. Main group elements include elements (except hydrogen) in groups 1 and 2 (s-block), and groups 13 to 18 (p-block). Group 12 elements are usually considered to be transition metals; however, zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) share some properties of both groups, and some scientists believe they should be included as main group elements. In older nomenclature the main group elements are groups IA and IIA, and groups IIIB to 0 (CAS groups IIIA to VIIIA). Main group elements (with some of the lighter transition metals) are the most abundant elements on the earth, in the solar system, and in the universe. They are sometimes called the representative elements. Main group elements are members of I A, II A, III A, IV A, VA, VIA, VII A and VIII A groups, except hydrogen. Main group elements are sometimes called as representative elements.
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They are most abundant in the earth's crust. The chemical properties of these representative elements are determined by the number of valence electrons in their atoms. The number of valence electrons belonging to the above two blocks are 1. 's' block elements: 1 or 2: Same as the group number 2. 'p' block elements: 3 to 8: Group number minus ten The representative elements are also known as normal or typical elements. Thus on the basis of their location in the periodic table, these are elements, which belong to groups 1, 2 and 13 to 18. P - block Element P- block elements form the other end of the periodic table separated from the 's' block by the transition elements. There are six groups in the p- block elements, the main group elements. They are Boron Group 1. General configuration: ns2, np1 2. The elements that form this group are: Boron (B), Aluminium (Al), Gallium (Ga), Indium (In) and Thallium (Tl) 3. Boron is a semi metal, resembling mostly the non metals, while the other members are metals Carbon Group 1. General configuration: ns2, np2. 2. Carbon(C), Silicon(Si), Germanium(Ge), Tin(Sn and Lead(Pb).
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3. This group is a perfect example for a group containing all types of elements. 4. C and Si are non metals, 5. Ge is a metalloid while Sn and Pb are metals. Nitrogen Group 1. General configuration: ns2, np3. 2. This group accommodates Nitrogen (N, phosphorus(P), Arsenic(As), antimony (Sb) and and Bismuth(Bi). 3. Bismuth is a metal, While N and P are non metals. 4. As and Sb are metalloids. Oxygen group 1. General configuration: ns2, np4. 2. This group contains: Oxygen(O). Sulfur(S), Selenium(Se), Tellurium(Te) and Polonium(Po). They are all non metals. 3. Polonium is radioactive metal. Halogens 1. General configuration: ns2, np5. 2. Just one electron less than the noble gases, these elements are highly non metallic and electronegative in nature. And they are also very very reactive.
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