Oxidizing Agent Oxidizing Agent An oxidizing agent (also called an oxidant, oxidizer or oxidiser) can be defined as a substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox chemical reaction. The oxidizing agent is "reduced" by taking electrons onto itself and the reactant is "oxidized" by having its electrons taken away. Oxygen is the prime example of an oxidizing agent, but it is only one among many. In simple terms: 1. The oxidizing agent is reduced. 2. The reducing agent is oxidized. 3. All atoms in a molecule can be assigned an oxidation number. This number changes when an oxidant acts on a substrate. 4. Redox reactions occur when oxidation states of the reactants change.
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The substance, which can bring about oxidation of other substances, is called an oxidizing agent. Thus, an oxidizing agent is the substance that provides oxygen or removes hydrogen from another substance. Important oxidizing agents are oxygen, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, bromine, nitric acid, concentrated sulphuric acid, potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate etc. Reducing Agent The substance, which can bring about reduction of other substances, is called reducing agent. Thus, reducing agent is the substance that provides hydrogen or removes oxygen from any other substance. Some important reducing agents are hydrogen, hydrogen bromide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, carbon, stannous chloride. A few illustrative examples are:
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Oxidation - Reduction is Reciprocal Oxidation and reduction always take place simultaneously. In the examples given above, we find that if one substance is oxidized, the other is reduced at the same time. For example,
An oxidizing agent after oxidizing the other substance itself gets reduced, and a reducing agent after reducing the other substance itself gets oxidized. The reactions involving simultaneous oxidation and reduction are called oxidation-reduction or redox reactions.
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