STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI by vivakanana8

STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI MUGAMBI VIVA KANANA (B02/35123/2014) TUTOR: Dr. Edwin Oyaro

THESIS TOPIC: REHABILITATION OF STREET YOUTH: ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTIONS FOR NAIROBI

PART ONE - INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 1.3 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION 1.4 PROJECT OBJECTIVES 1.5 DESIGN OBJECTIVES 1.6 PROJECT CLIENT 1.7 SITE JUSTIFICATION 1.8 S.W.O.T ANALYSIS 1.9 RELEVANCE TO THESIS 1.10 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

1.1 PROJECT

INTRODUCTION

Rehabilitation is the process of restoring a person's ability to live and work as normally as possible after a disabling injury, addiction or illness. It aims to help the patient achieve maximum possible physical and psychological fitness and regain the ability to be independent. It offers assistance with the learning or relearning of skills needed in everyday activities, with occupational

training

and

guidance

and

with

psychological readjustment. (https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/r ehabilitate) The street youth are a vulnerable group of youth aged 15-25yrs and who spend all or most of their time on street and have fallen outside any social, educational and reinsertion institution. (Jeff Karabanow, 2009)

„

A Rehabilitation Centre is a facility providing therapy

„

…spend all or most of their time on street and have fallen outside any social, educational and reinsertion institution…

and training for rehabilitation. The center may offer occupational therapy, physical therapy, vocational training, and special training such as speech therapy. (https://medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/reha bilitation+center)

1.2 PROBLEM

STATEMENT

Rehabilitation spaces especially for the street youth are ideally meant to help them move off the streets and regain control of their lives. They are meant to help them sustain their dignity and integrate them back into the society. (Sam Davis, 2004). Unfortunately, most rehabilitation centres for the street youth are designed simply to house as many people as possible. Others are so dilapidated, violent, or dirty that people actually prefer to sleep outside. (Jill Pable, 2018). Most of the spaces designed for the rehabilitation of the homeless are not internalised by the designer in terms of how they meet the needs of users in all aspects of their lives as well as providing an environment that brings about progressive results from both the staff and the

Only about 10% of the street youth in Nairobi get successfully rehabilitated

„

users. Many of the spaces are crowded and designed poorly, having more in common with a prison or hospital than a friendly place to stay. Many emphasise their use as temporary accommodation, which does not resolve the emotions of anxiety and instability associated with homelessness. (Samuel Kiragu, 2009) PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

2015

2016

In the Kenyan context, going to rehabilitation centres is difficult because the street youth value freedom and their independence and would rather be free walking and working in the streets than be confined to a dilapidated

rehabilitation

centre

(Government

Kenya/UNICEF, 1995). Only about 10% of the street youth

Nairobi

get

successfully

rehabilitated

(Palmqvist, 2006). Data indicates that 66.7% of the street youth had previously been to a rehabilitation centre (Michael, 2018). This therefore indicates that there are shortcomings in these centers. Architecture has often gone hand in hand with a sense of social responsibility and desire to improve society through the built environment. Although it is impossible for the issue of rehabilitation of the street youth to be “solved” by architecture alone, a reluctance to

2018

„

2017

engage with and design for this issue would represent a failure to interact with the issues of the city and its inhabitants. Therefore, not only do we need more facilities for the large numbers of street youth, but we also need facilities

that

are

designed

cater

for

the

rehabilitation process; spaces that make them feel at home and accepted.

1.3 PROJECT

JUSTIFICATION

In accordance with Chapter 141 of The Laws of Kenya under

the

Children's

accommodate

2019

FUTURE

the

Act,

large

there

need

numbers

homeless,

abandoned and orphaned children and give them access to their basic human rights such as shelter, access to healthcare and education. Furthermore, the project fits in with the Kenya Vision 2030 Social Pillar, whose objective is described as 'investing in the people of Kenya in order to improve the quality of life for all Kenyans by targeting a crosssection of human and social welfare programmes, specifically: environment, urbanisation

education water and

and

training,

and

sanitation,

housing,

gender,

health,

population, youth

and

vulnerable groups

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

In Nairobi county, some of the challenges facing The Education, Social Services sector are as follows: •

Neglected elderly, street children and families and lack of rehabilitation centres.

•

The four rehabilitation centres currently run by the county government have no room for expansion, yet their capacity is painfully minimal. The one in Kayole currently houses 95 children, Makadara with 103 kids, Shauri Moyo with 28 and Joseph Kang‟ethe which accommodates 43, making total of a measly 269.

•

The current rehabilitation centres do not have facilities to provide wholesome rehabilitation and talent development.

•

Another challenge facing the sector is the increasing

number

youth

and

women

unemployment due to dwindling economic opportunities. This challenge is compounded by

„„

„

lack of adequate vocational training facilities.

66.7% of the street youth had previously been to a rehabilitation centre

OBJECTIVES

PROJECT

The strategic objective for the sector includes •

Empower the youth through quality vocational training

•

Rehabilitate and integrate vulnerable groups and street families

•

Provide opportunities for economic participation for the youth,

DESIGN •

OBJECTIVES

Response to neighbourhood and immediate context

•

Provision of safety and security through natural surveillance,

access

control,

image

and

territoriality •

Providing a quality space through creating a healing environment

•

Creating an efficient space that reduces the perception of crowding, that is flexible and adaptive to change and that is legible to the users.

Neglected elderly, street children and families and lack of rehabilitation centres.

„

PROJECT July

CLIENT 2015,

the

then

Nairobi

Governor Evans Kidero announced that his administration was putting up a street children‟s rehabilitation centre in a 40 acre property in Ruai, Kasarani Sub-county. PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

KENYA, Africa

SITE

NAIROBI, Kenya

KASARANI, Nairobi

RUAI, Kasarani

County Assembly Ward No.: 1400 County Assembly Ward Name: Ruai County Assembly Ward County Assembly Ward Population (Approx.): 35,961 County Assembly Ward Area In Sq. Km (Approx.): 98.00 County Assembly Ward Description: Comprises Ngundu and Ruai Sub-Locations of Nairobi County

JUSTIFICATION

The proposed site Is in Ruai Ward, Kasarani Constituency, Nairobi County. 1.

It is far enough from the city, therefore there‟s a low chance of them being pulled back into the street life.

The isolated environment gives them an opportunity to go through the rehabilitation process without any distraction from the city environment.

The dominance of residential buildings within the immediate context creates a homey environment which is favorable for the rehabilitation and reintegration process.

The scale of the site offers an opportunity for future expansion as the site is 40 acres in total

There is close proximity to public facilitates that may be used by the individuals such as churches and shopping centres

Ruai is a fast growing town due to the availability of land at low prices and the infrastructural development such as Kangundo road. The centre will serve the current and future youth of Ruai.

SWOT

ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS •

The site is big enough and provides room for

WEAKNESS •

•

The town is growing

•

With the rapid

at a fast rate thus the

growth of the

The area can get really hot

centre will be able to

town, there will

during the hot season

accommodate the

be many

The site may be too isolated

current and future

distractions that

provides a homey environment

from public life which may

youth of not only

may pull the

There is close proximity to public facilitates

reduce the chances for

Nairobi but also Ruai

youth back into

that may be used by the individuals such as

social reintegration process

The site is far enough from the street bases in

•

Nairobi •

•

THREATS

access to the site

expansion •

Currently there is poor

OPPORTUNITY

The site is within a residential area thus

•

the streets

hospitals, churches and shopping centres

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

RELEVANCE TO

THESIS

THESIS TOPIC: REHABILITATION OF STREET YOUTH: ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTIONS FOR NAIROBI •

The project will help in solving the growing menace of street families

•

The

project

will

help

rehabilitating

and

reintegrating the street families •

The project will open job opportunities for the vulnerable youths through training and recruitment

•

the project will give the vulnerable youth a chance to go through free education and vocational training

RESEARCH

„

Rehabilitate and integrate vulnerable groups and street families.

OBJECTIVES

To establish the standards used in the design of rehabilitation spaces for the street youth

To assess the nature of youth rehabilitation spaces in Nairobi

To recommend guidelines for the design of rehabilitation spaces for the homeless street youth of Nairobi

CURRENT PROJECT Once

complete,

BRIEF the

Ruai

Street

Children‟s

Rehabilitation Centre would accommodate 3,000 street families and offer pre-primary, primary and secondary education. It would also feature a modern vocational and training centre to teach practical courses. A football pitch, basketball court and an indoor games arena were some of the planned recreational facilities. It will have hostels, staff houses, office blocks, and a fully functional addiction and detoxification centre for youth.

„

The project will open job opportunities for the vulnerable youths through training and recruitment

PROJECT REPORT

PART TWO â&#x20AC;&#x201C; SITE ANALYSIS 2.1 BACKGROUND STUDY

2.2 CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS 2.3 CLIMATIC ANALYSIS 2.4 EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS 2.5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

2.1 BACKGROUND

STUDY

NAIROBI COUNTY

KIAMBU COUNTY

SITE

2.2 CONTEXTUAL

ANALYSIS MACHAKOS COUNTY

KENYA, Africa

2.1 ABOUT

NAIROBI, Kenya

KASARANI, Nairobi

RUAI, Kasarani

RUAI

The proposed site Is in Kamulu area, Ruai Ward, Kasarani Constituency, Nairobi County. Situated in the East of the city centre (1º14‟ S

37º 05‟ E) towards Kangundo and past Komarock, Kayole and Njiru estates, Ruai is about an

hour‟s drive from the city centre by public means. It is accessible from both Thika Road and Jogoo Road, making it one of the few city outskirts where one is not limited to a single major road. With an approximate population of 60,000 residents, on an area of 70 square kilometers, Ruai is considered to be a low density area.

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

2.2 CONTEXTUAL

ANALYSIS KIAMBU COUNTY

NAIROBI COUNTY

SITE

1 2.2 CONTEXTUAL

ANALYSIS MACHAKOS COUNTY

â&#x20AC;&#x17E; 1 - Ruai This area mainly consists of mixed residential and commercial developments. The residential components are mainly medium density - low rise and high rise flats that cater to the low to middle income economic group. The commercial developments mainly consist of low rise office buildings, open air markets and shopping malls. Commercial and Infrastructural Development is majorly along Kangundo road.

2 - Kamulu This area mainly consists of mixed residential and commercial developments with a number of institutional facilities such as churches and schools The residential components are mainly low density - low rise bungalows and maisonettes that cater to the middle to high income economic group and high rise flats that cater to the low to middle income economic group.

3 - Ngundu This area is sparsely populated with a few low density mixed use activities Within the area is the Nairobi Sewage Treatment Works which creates an unconducive environment for human habitation, hence the sparse population There are large tracts of land within this area and it borders Kiambu County to the South

The commercial developments mainly consist of low rise buildings and most of them are located along Kangundo road.

2.2.1 LAND USE Most land in the Kamulu area environs is in private hands and there is very little public land available for the development of public institutions and recreation. The continuing increase in land value is encouraging subdivision and changes of user from residential to commercial or institutional use are on the rise. The planning approach taken by the physical development planners is based on the premise that the dominant land use in the area is middle-density residential. Other uses, including high density residential hotels, public purpose, educational or commercial institutions will only be permitted as required to support the dominant user. All new developments are expected to conform to environment standards that will reinforce dominant use ensure for the area and not only respect but enhances the areaâ&#x20AC;&#x;s natural environment and scenic beauty PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

ANALYSIS This area mainly consists of mixed residential and commercial developments. The residential components are mainly medium density low rise and high rise flats that cater to the low to middle income economic group. The commercial developments mainly consist of low rise office buildings, open air markets and shopping malls. Commercial and Infrastructural Development is majorly along Kangundo road.

â&#x20AC;&#x17E;

2.2 CONTEXTUAL

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

2.2 CONTEXTUAL

ANALYSIS

1 2

SITE

â&#x20AC;&#x17E; 1.

Eden Park Kamulu

2.2.2 PROXIMITY TO SERVICES Among the services that may be of use to the facility are: 1.

A police station for security purposes

Schools that will enhance the social integration between the former street

St. Vincent De Paul catholic church

boys and the local youth 3.

Churches that will help in instilling values on to the youth

Residential buildings that will create a homey environment

5. 2.

Total Kamulu service station

Commercial activities that will create job opportunities to the youth once

Ngundu primary school

they graduate 6.

Hospitals

incase

emergency.

Unfortunately the nearest hospital is in Ruai, i.e. Ruai Family Hospital

Made in the Streets school Kamulu

Kamulu shopping centre

20% institution al

41% residential

39% commercial

Kamulu Police Station

Green view schools

The land use consists of mixed use activities PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

2.3 CLIMATIC

ANALYSIS

Wind direction

Topography Contour-lines

Sun-path

Site location

2.3.1 TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES AND GEOLOGY The soils are described as poorly drained, dark grey to black half ripe clay in most of the area. There are few pockets of red soil to the west of Nairobi. The rains in this area are unreliable. A few acacia trees, shrubs and grass

„

were noted on site. The indigenous flora include Acacia spp, Setaria, Chloris, Cynodon, Paspalum, Brachiaria, Hyparrhenia, Themeda, Echnochloa, Entolasia, Glycine, Lotononis and Alysicarpus

2.3.2 CLIMATE OF NAIROBI At 1,661 meters (5,449 ft) above sea level, Nairobi enjoys a fairly moderate climate. The altitude makes for some chilly evenings, especially in the June/July season when the temperature can drop to 10 °C (50 °F). The sunniest and warmest parts of the year are from December to March, when temperatures average the mid-twenties during the day. The mean maximum temperature for this period is 24 °C (75 °F). Nairobi receives an average of 925mm of rainfall annually with two distinctive rainy seasons i.e. the long rains and short rains. The long rains are characterised by heavy rain between late March and early May. The short rains are characterised by intermittent showers from late October through November. The cloudiest part of the year is just after the first rainy season, when, until September, conditions are usually overcast with drizzle. As Nairobi is situated close to the equator, the differences between the seasons are minimal. The seasons are referred to as the wet season and dry season. The timing of sunrise and sunset does not vary tremendously throughout the year, due to close proximity to the equator.

AVERAGE WIND TEMPERATURE

AVERAGE WIND FREQUENCY

AVERAGE HUMIDITY

AVERAGE RAINFALL

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

2.3.3 CLIMATE OF RUAI Ruai's climate is classified as warm and temperate. This climate is considered to be Cwb according to the KöppenGeiger climate classification. In the cold season, there is much less rainfall than in hot season. The least amount of rainfall occurs in July. The average in this month is 10 mm. Most precipitation falls in April, with an average of 155 mm. The temperature here averages 19.4 °C. In a year, the average rainfall is 752 mm.. The variation in the precipitation between the driest and wettest months is 145 mm. The average temperatures vary during the year by 3.8 °C.

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

THE PROPOSED SITE WITHIN A SPARSELY POPULATED AREA

2.4 EXISTING

SITE CONDITIONS

2.4.1 ACCESS AND CIRCULATION The site is access from Kangundo Road, which is the primary access from Ruai Town. It is linked through an earth secondary road that is 7km long. This road is both the vehicular and pedestrian access.. As the

KANGUNDO ROAD

area is sparsely populated with the major activity being residential, there is minimum traffic in this area. However, the road gets hard to manoeuvre during the rainy season, which causes a major issue. 2.4.2 SENSORIAL ANALYSIS VIEWS - The area is very extroverted in nature thus

Access road consisting of poorly maintained murram road that gets hard to manoeuvre during the rainy season

creating opportunities for vast views out of the site. Views into the site are anticipated to be high as well due to the nature of the site NOISE â&#x20AC;&#x201C; The site is tucked away from the main road

(7km away) which isolates it from major sources of sound pollution. The activities neighbouring the site are majorly residential with minimum sound pollution. AIR QUALITY: The air quality is optimum as the rate of 2

environmental distraction is very low. However it may get really hot on some days, therefore cooling strategies must be employed.

TERTIARY ROAD

SECONDARY ROAD

PROPOSED SITE

NOISE SOURCE

2.4.3 INFRASTRUCUTRE

1 MAIN ACCESS FROM KANGUNDO ROAD PROPOSED ACCESS INTO THE SITE MAIN ACCESS FROM NGUNDU AREA

WATER: The Kamulu area is serviced by private boreholes. The water supply to the area is inadequate to meet current city demand and reticulation does not cover the whole area.

VIEWS INTO AND OUT OF THE SITE

Developers adopt coping strategies such as sinking of boreholes or allowing for underground reservoir tanks to tap intermittent water inflows. 2. Electricity supply through KPLC

SANITATION: The area is served by the use of septic tanks

ELECTRICITY: The Kenya Power and Lighting Co. (KPLC) currently supplies Grid power to the Kamulu area though neighbors claim it is of low

The vastness in the area creates an extroverted space, which increases views into and out of the site

reliability

(frequent

interruptions

and/or

low

voltage). The timelines for KPLC proposals to increase bulk power supply to the area are unclear and measures to mitigate this have to be put in place. 4.

WASTE DISPOSAL: There is no public solid waste disposal system in the Kamulu area though Dandora Dumpsite is in close proximity.

5. The proposed site is on a fenced 40 Acre plot owned by the Nairobi City County Government.

BOUNDARY: The proposed site is on a fenced 40 Acre plot owned by the Nairobi City County Government. PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

2.4.4 ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS •

FENCING: There are three types of fencing used in this area; there is the use of live fence. These are approximately

2.4

high

semi-transparent

fencing consisting of indigenous plant species. These are used in institutional and some residential Use of live fence around a church

premises. The second one is the use of masonry walls as fencing. These are majorly used in residential premises and private institutions as they offer maximum privacy. the last one consists of chicken wired gauze and wooden posts. They are majorly used to secure empty plots of land, farming land and construction sites.

Use of masonry wall fence around a private institution

•

BUILDING MATERIAL AND TECHNOLOGY: The type of building material used is the locally source building stone and iron sheet roofing with some buildings having roof tiles.

•

BUILDING HEIGHT: this is a very low density mixed used

area

(with

residential

and institutional

activities being the most dominating activity) with Use of chicken wire gauze supported on wooden posts as fence

most buildings being as high as 2 storeys. Only along Kangundo road does one find buildings more than two storeys high. •

ENTRANCE APPROACH: most of the entrances to the surrounding buildings are guarded with a security gate which prevents visual and physical access into the compounds. The institutional buildings have signage at the entrance to their

Some of the commercial activities within the area

premises with some having CCTV cameras and security lights. •

BUILDING TYPOLOGY: the most dominant activity in this are a is residential, followed by institutional such as churches and schools, then commercial activities. The commercial activities are however

Some of the residential two story buildings within the area

most dominant along Kangundo Road. There are a number of facilities that cater for the street children, youth and families in Ruai, they include, Kwetu Home of Peace that caters for boys aged between 8 and 14 years, New Life Mwangaza rehabilitation centre and MADE IN THE STREETS School in Kamulu.

Some of the commercial/ industrial activities within the area.

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

2.5 CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS

RECOMMENDATIONS The site is located in a mixed use area which has

KIAMBU COUNTY

NAIROBI COUNTY

3 1 2.2 CONTEXTUAL

being

the

most

fast rate especially on the real estate sector.

1 - Ruai

SITE

This area mainly consists of mixed residential and commercial developments.

The residential components are mainly medium density - low rise and high rise flats that cater to the low to middle income economic group.

MACHAKOS COUNTY

2 - Kamulu

3 - Ngundu

This area mainly consists of mixed residential and commercial developments with a number of institutional facilities such as churches and schools

This area is sparsely populated with a few low density mixed use activities

The commercial developments mainly consist of low rise office buildings, open air markets and shopping malls.

The residential components are mainly low density - low rise bungalows and maisonettes that cater to the middle to high income economic group and high rise flats that cater to the low to middle income economic group.

Within the area is the Nairobi Sewage Treatment Works which creates an unconducive environment for human habitation, hence the sparse population

Commercial and Infrastructural Development is majorly along Kangundo road.

The commercial developments mainly consist of low rise buildings and most of them are located along Kangundo road.

There are large tracts of land within this area and it borders Kiambu County to the South

So as to serve the growing population the proposed project should be open to the public through the following ways: 1.

street

youth

but also to the

interested youth who dwell in Ruai, since there is no public vocational training centre in Ruai at the moment. This will enhance social integration amongst the youth

PROXIMITY TO SERVICES

Offering medical services. There is no hospital around the area, as one has to go

The site is 40 acres in size and is located in Kamulu area, a suburban area, that consists of different

over

activities such as residential, institutional, commercial and religious activities. It is about 7km away

SITE

Offering vocational training not only to the former

CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS

activities

dominant activity. Ruai is developing at a very

ANALYSIS

residential

10km

Ruai

Family

Hospital.

Therefore there should be a medical clinic

from the main access road, Kangundo road

within the design so as to serve the area 3.

Among the services that may be of use to the facility are:

Having a communal sports facility which will not only serve the youth in the

A police station for security purposes

Schools that will enhance the social integration between the former street boys and the local youth

rehabilitation but also the community at large 4.

Churches that will help in instilling values on to the youth

Residential buildings that will create a homey environment

Commercial activities that will create job opportunities to the youth once they graduate

Hospitals incase of emergency. Unfortunately the nearest hospital is in Ruai, i.e. Ruai Family

Within the facility there should be some commercial activities that will not only

Hospital

serve the centre but also the community. These activities should be easily accessible by the public As

the site is located in a highly residential

area, the layout and design of the proposed project should respond to the context by having a â&#x20AC;&#x153;homeyâ&#x20AC;? touch so as to blend in with the existing activities.

Eden Park Kamulu

Total Kamulu service station

Made in the Streets school Kamulu

Kamulu Police Station

St. Vincent De Paul catholic church

Ngundu primary school

Kamulu shopping centre

Green view schools

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

2.5 CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS

SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS

AVERAGE WIND TEMPERATURE

AVERAGE WIND FREQUENCY

Exclude direct sunlight by having sun-shading devices, recessed windows and thick walls that enhance thermal massing. The plan of the buildings should be long and narrow and

Topography Contour-lines

Sun-path

Site location

the longer facades should be oriented along AVERAGE HUMIDITY

AVERAGE RAINFALL

CLIMATIC ANALYSIS

Wind direction

the E-W axis

Maximize on natural ventilation by having cross ventilation, single banked rooms and TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES AND GEOLOGY The soils are described as poorly drained, dark grey to black half ripe clay in most of the area. There are few pockets of red soil to the west of Nairobi. The rains in this area are unreliable. A few acacia trees, shrubs and grass were noted on site. The indigenous flora include Acacia spp, Setaria, Chloris, Cynodon, Paspalum, Brachiaria, Hyparrhenia, Themeda, Echnochloa, Entolasia, Glycine, Lotononis and Alysicarpus CLIMATE OF RUAI Ruai's climate is classified as warm and temperate. In the cold season, there is much less rainfall than in hot season. The least amount of rainfall occurs in July. The average in this month is 10 mm. Most precipitation falls in April, with an average of 155 mm. This climate is considered to be Cwb according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The temperature here averages 19.4 °C. In a year, the average rainfall is 752 mm. The least amount of rainfall occurs in July. The average in this month is 10 mm. Most precipitation falls in April, with an average of 155 mm. The variation in the precipitation between the driest and wettest months is 145 mm. The average temperatures vary during the year by 3.8 °C.

use of internal courtyards. One could also employ the use of wind chimneys to and evaporative cooling to cool the interior spaces Rainwater harvesting should be practiced to save on costs and to be used to water the plants and for cleaning purposes Solar power systems should be employed in the design to maximize on the sunlight and heat in the area

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

2.5 CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS

RECOMMENDATIONS

ACCESS AND CIRCULATION The site is accessed from Kangundo Road through an earth secondary road THE PROPOSED SITE WITHIN A SPARSELY POPULATED AREA

that is 7km long which gets hard to manoeuvre during the rainy season, which causes a major issue. SENSORIAL ANALYSIS VIEWS - The area is very extroverted in nature thus creating opportunities for

KANGUNDO ROAD

vast views out of the site. Views into the site are anticipated to be high as

Access road consisting of poorly maintained murram road that gets hard to manoeuvre during the rainy season

well due to the nature of the site NOISE – The site is tucked away from the main road (7km away) which isolates it from major sources of sound pollution. AIR QUALITY: The air quality is optimum as the rate of environmental distraction is very low. However it may get really hot on some days, therefore cooling strategies must be employed.

EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS

INFRASTRUCUTRE 1.

WATER: The Ruai area is serviced by private boreholes. The water supply

Access

to the area is inadequate to meet current city demand and reticulation

project is a governmental project therefore

does not cover the whole area.

one of the recommendations should be to

SANITATION: The area is served by the use of septic tanks

design proper access roads within the are

ELECTRICITY: The Kenya Power and Lighting Co. (KPLC) currently supplies

and in to the site. This will help to connect the

Grid power to the Kamulu area though neighbors claim it is of low

rehabilitation centre to the public.

Electricity supply through KPLC

The vastness in the area creates an extroverted space, which increases views into and out of the site

The proposed site is on a fenced 40 Acre plot owned by the Nairobi City County Government.

and

circulation:

the

proposed

reliability (frequent interruptions and/or low voltage). 4. 5.

WASTE DISPOSAL: There is no public solid waste disposal system in the

To further enhance the environmental quality

Ruai area though Dandora Dumpsite is in close proximity.

of the area, more indigenous trees should be

BOUNDARY: The proposed site is on a fenced 40 Acre plot owned by

planted so as to create a micro-climate that

the Nairobi City County Government.

will improve the air quality of the site.

ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS •

• Use of live fence around a church

•

Some of the residential two story buildings within the area

Incorporate rainwater harvesting methods

use of live fence, the use of masonry walls and chicken wire gauze and

and solar power systems so as to collect

wooden posts.

natural resources to serve the facility

BUILDING MATERIAL AND TECHNOLOGY: The type of building material used is the locally source building stone and

Use of masonry wall fence around a private institution

•

Some of the commercial activities within the area

FENCING: There are three types of fencing used in this area; there is the

iron sheet roofing with some

Employ the use of live fence rather than

buildings having roof tiles.

masonry wall, to soften up the space. The

BUILDING HEIGHT: this is a very low density mixed used area with most

fence should be electric as well to enhance

buildings being as high as 3storeys.

security.

ENTRANCE APPROACH: most of the entrances to the surrounding buildings are guarded with a security gate The institutional buildings have signage

So as to blend in with the neighbouring

at the entrance to their premises with some having CCTV cameras and

buildings, the facility should not go more than

security lights.

2 storeys high. The buildings should be

BUILDING TYPOLOGY: the most dominant activity in this are a is residential,

constructed with locally sourced building

followed by institutional such as churches and schools, then commercial

materials.

activities.

PROJECT REPORT

PART THREE – CASE STUDIES LOCAL CASES – RESPONSE TO CONTEXT 3.1 MADE IN THE STREETS SCHOOL (RUAI, KENYA) 3.2 SOS CHILDREN’S VILLAGE (BURUBURU, KENYA)

REGIONAL CASES – SPATIAL ORGANISATION 3.3 SOS CHILDREN'S VILLAGE (TADJOURA, DJIBOUTI) 3.4 LAAYOUNE TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL (MOROCCO, AFRICA) INTERNATIONAL CASES – USER EXPERIENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY 3.5 AMSTERDAM ORPHANAGE (AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS) 3.6 MANAV SADHNA ACTIVITY CENTRE (AHMEDABAD, INDIA) 3.7 LESSONS LEARNT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

3.1 MADE IN THE STREETS SCHOOL (RUAI, KENYA)

KENYA, Africa

NAIROBI, Kenya

LOCAL CASE STUDY

RUAI, Kasarani

KASARANI, Nairobi

3.1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION MADE IN THE STREETS is a non-profit organization founded by Charles and Darlene Coulston on August 3rd, 1995. It offers various services to the street youth of Nairobi so as to help them get off the streets and live a transformed life. The organization has two centres; a drop in centre in Eastleigh and a school in Ruai. The school is isolated from the busy Ruai Town and is located in a suburban area. It is about 45 minutes drive outside Nairobi. It is within a residential and mixed use zone where most of the buildings are bungalows and mansionettes with a few low rise business stores. The site consists of learning centre, skills centre, girls' living area, boys living area, staff housing, visitor’s quarters, meeting space, recreational areas and farming plots. The school offers basic literacy and training to 13yrs-18yrs youths. The students aged between 13-15yrs go through basic literacy at the Learning Centre. They are taught subjects such as English, Math, Science, Kiswahili, communication, craft, public speaking, business skills, computer and media. Once one reaches 16years, they graduate to the Skills Centre, where they acquire different skills based on their preferences. The skills they are taught include, computer, aeromechanics, hairdressing, catering, woodworking, tailoring and welding.

Learning centre Girl’s housing Staff housing

Chapel Boy’s kindergart housing en

Chapel Boy’s and kindergart housing en Boys housing

Skills centre

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

3.1.2 SAFETY AND SECURITY TERRITORIALITY AND ACCESS CONTROL: the school consists

different

isolated

properties

each

surrounded with a masonry wall fence with a secured There is a security gate at the entry point of each property to enhance safety and security

gate that acts as a physical barrier from the outside. This also helps in public access control. The strong sense of territoriality and access control creates a controlled space that gives the users a sense of

Secured entrances

security NATURAL SURVEILLANCE AND ACTIVITY SUPPORT: the neighbouring

activities

around

the

school

are

residential houses, some small shops, a gas station, a church, a school and a restaurant These activities strengthen the natural surveillance within the area and ensures there is security. Moreover, having a well

The low-rise mixed use buildings provide the premises with natural surveillance

maintained property creates sense of legitimate users of that space and shows that the owner cares for the

Neighbouring activities

property against crime 3.1.3 QUALITY OF SPACE ENVIRONMENTAL

QUALITY

SPACE:

the

environmental quality of the facility is conducive for The canvas covering the internal courtyard providing a cooling space shaded from direct sun The internal courtyard provides ventilation and natural lighting

Internal courtyard in the learning centre

learning activities . The air quality and sound quality is good as the school is tucked away from the busy traffic along Kangundo road. The interior spaces are cool during the day due to use of thermal massing. There is minimal use of plants as sunshading as the area experiences hot and dry climatic conditions but there is use of courtyards and roof overhangs HEALING ENVIRONMENT: the healing environment is created through positive distraction by use of murals on the walls that send off positive messages, a soccer field and basket ball pitch where they play outdoor games and the multi purpose hall where they are allowed to watch the television so as to alleviate stress

Chapel used as a communal gathering space

as well as improve mood and comfort SENSE OF BELONGING AND TOGETHERNESS: the facility is designed so as to enhance social interaction amongst the youth and other people from the community

through

outdoor

sports

and

entertainment.

Recreational activities in the open field PROJECT REPORT

PRIVATE

classes Internal courtyard

SEMI-PRIVATE

Staff offices kitchen

SEMI-PUBLIC

Outdoor Learning space Main entrance Gate house

LEARNING CENTRE (13-15yrs)

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

WIND DIRECTION

LEARNING CENTRE

Girls‟ dorm PRIVATE

w.c‟s hairdressing Auto mechanics

SEMI-PRIVATE

Catering &dining Wood and metal Sewing room

SEMI-PUBLIC

Computer lab Media room

Main entrance

SKILLS CENTRE (16-18yrs)

Water tanks

3.1.4 SPATIAL ORGANIZATION

WIND DIRECTION

SKILLS CENTRE

WAYFINDING: the school is divided into different centres which are found within walking distances from each other. The isolation of these spaces makes the whole master plan of the school illegible and hard to get around in. The floor plan and site plan for each space is however legible and simple with one access point which is both the entrance and exit point. There is signage at the gate that leads one to each centre. CROWDING: the perception of crowding is reduced by limiting the number of students joining every year. Each dorm has rooms that are 2.5m by 3m and accommodates two beds. This provides the individuals with personal space PRIVACY GRADIENT: there is no clear privacy gradient from the master plan, but there is a clear separation between the private areas and public areas. The accommodation areas are separated from the learning areas and the visitor‟s accommodation area is separated from the staff and student accommodation area this ensures theirs is control in movement and access PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

3.2 SOS CHILDREN’S VILLAGE (BURUBURU, NAIROBI)

KENYA, Africa

NAIROBI, Kenya

LOCAL CASE STUDY

MAKADARAI, Nairobi

BURUBURU PHASE 1, Makadara

3.2.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION The general programme objective was to create an environment where orphaned children could enjoy living conditions that are as close as possible to normal family life. This has been achieved through creating houses that accommodate ten children in each, looked after by a dedicated woman (aged between 28 and 53 years) who becomes a „mother‟ figure. The children are provided with private meals and tutoring and have a broth-sister like relationship with others within the family unit. The father figure is represented by the „village elder‟, his assistant or deputy and the other men who work in the village such as, the gardener and the maintenance man, with the purpose of creating a children‟s village, having public and private space clearly defined and creating a network of communal green space, the designer hoped to strengthen the inhabitant's collective value.

Satellite image showing the planning of the orphanage. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Administration block Kindergarten ibrary infirmary House Laundry building Director's house/ guest house Youth apartments Aunt‟s house

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

3.2.2

SPATIAL ORGANIZATION

The design requirement was to provide a home for about 158 children and youth. The small site was planned to comprise of 16 house units and 8 semi detached

houses.

The

site

consists

administration block, shared facilities, kindergarten, library, infirmary, house, laundry building, director‟s house, guest house, youth apartments and aunt‟s house. The centre comprises of sixteen family houses, and is home to 158 children. There are 2 youth houses View of the school farm

(one for boys outside the village premises and another for girls within the village premises). There is a sewage treatment plant within the project that provides water for landscaping purposes. There is also a section for vegetable planting, with three green houses for tomatoes, and maize grown in a field. These allow the village to be self sustaining and the users buy the food products from S.O.S at a subsidized rate. Right opposite the road, on the south of the site is the S.O.S Medical Centre.

Secured entrance

1. Entrance and administration block There is a sense of welcome in the introductory area, that is, the entrance and administration block. With a half picket fence enclosing the administration block, a colourful palette, the non-imposing scale of the building and the direct access from the entrance, one is oriented to the administration block first and foremost. 2. The Kindergarten The kindergarten block can be accessed directly from the entrance. Children from the village start their education from here, and the kindergarten is open to

Open communal spaces

children from the neighbouring community as well. It is linked to the administration block with a 2300mm high covered walkway, bringing the building‟s scale down to that of a child. The kindergarten has five classrooms, bathrooms for the children and staff, a kitchenette and the headmaster‟s office. The interior walls are finished with a colourful pallet while the exterior walls are left simple (in white) with imagery for the

children

such

the

alphabet

and

cartoon

illustrations. The spaces are well lit and ventilated with a central lobby that uses transparent corrugated sheets to maximize on lighting but feels hotter than other spaces. Main entrance into the facility creates a welcoming ambience PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

3. Guest and director‟s house The director and guest‟s house are bungalows with 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, living room, dining room, kitchen with store and a guest toilet. 4. Youth and Aunt‟s apartments. Once the children grow up the move into dedicated youth apartments. Boys move out at age 17 into SOS youth apartments across the road and girls move out at age 18 to their apartments within the village. They live with youth guidance counsellors who supervise View of the kindergarten area

them in the apartments. The children are under SOS care until they turn 23. 3.2.4

DESIGN

1. Circulation and movement A single path leads fro the administration block to the central courtyard of about 300m2 around which the 16 houses are arranged and accessed by means of clearly defined pathways. The courtyard is further designed for different age groups with a variety of play furniture like swings, slides, a sand pit and open space where boys play ball. Circulation paths at a residential scale

2. Natural lighting and ventilation The building‟s glazed façade are in the north-south orientation and open into the courtyard and other open spaces. This allows for maximum natural lighting into the houses and direct views to the courtyard both from the living spaces and the public spaces within the residential units. There are minimal openings on the east- west facades with only bathroom windows on these facades. Light penetration into the rooms is 2 x 1500mm (the window height) = 30000mm deep, therefore it is not adequate as most rooms are 40006000mm deep. The most well lit space in the house is the dining room as it receives lighting from the kitchen

Interior spaces of one of the residential units

and the outside dhobi area. The indoor quality is good as the windows are placed to maximise on natural ventilation. The walls are 300mm thick thus have sufficient thermal massing. 3. Materials and finishes The common shared spaces are finished in bright colours like orange, yellow and green. This create a certain vibrancy that encourages playfulness and interaction among the children and youth. The children‟s rooms are painted in cooler colours like blue, purple and light pink. The floor finish in the common spaces and bedrooms is PVC and ceramic

Exterior view of the residential units

tiles in the wet areas (kitchen and bathrooms) PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

3.3 SOS CHILDREN'S VILLAGE (TADJOURA, DJIBOUTI)

DJIBOUTI, Africa

REGIONAL CASE STUDY

TADJOURA, Djibouti

SOS CHILDREN’S VILLAGE, Tadjoura

3.3.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION Urko Sánchez Architects were approached by SOS Kinderdorf to design a residential compound of 15 houses in Djibouti, to run their family-strengthening programmes. Their most serious challenge here: a very small plot designated with a 15-house requirement. Located in Tadjoura, across the bay from Djibouti, the development was located on a site known for one of the hottest temperatures on earth. Djibouti is located in the Horn of Africa, which suffers from persistent droughts and severe scarcities. The architects learnt about SOS systems, about the community where the project would take place, their nomadic traditions and the extreme climate of the region. They searched for traditional housing references in similar cultural and climatic environments and finally decided to design a MEDINA. Completed in 2014, the 3.386m2 development consists of the following singularities. A - It is a medina for children – A safe environment, with no cars, where the narrow streets and squares become places to play B - It is a medina with plenty of open spaces – Public and private spaces are clearly defined. And in the private, the inside and outside areas melt, allowing residents to maintain certain outdoors living. C - It is a medina with lots of vegetation – Where the inhabitants are encouraged to take care of their plants and benefit from the result.

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

Narrow streets that provide mutual shading and natural ventilation

the compound is a walled quarter, providing intimacy, and a sense of community and security

3.3.2 COMMUNITY AND TRADITIONS The design emulates the traditional layout of narrow streets; wind towers and lattices provide natural shade and ventilation. Because the local Afar people were traditionally nomadic herders and lived in broad open spaces such as the desert, the sand colour chosen for the walls and the openings between the different spaces echo this lifestyle (only the bedrooms have doors). Going against the contemporary flow of minimal open space, they made sure every house had one that was private enough for it to become an integral part of the home and of everyday life. Moreover, and much like a traditional medina, the houses all look inwards: the compound is a walled quarter, providing intimacy, and a sense of community and security, well-adapted to the social and environmental context. PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

Upper floor plan

SEMI-PUBLIC

SEMIPRIVATE

PRIVATE

Ground floor plan

Section through the site

Section through he site

3.3.3 SPATIAL ORGANIZATION So typical of medinas, these optimal distances are also a tool for keeping the privacy of each house: they participate in the clear definition between public and private spaces, which encourages residents to use the outdoors. Through a layout with optimal distances between houses, each open space becomes an integral part of the house, a private space with a strong relation between interior and exterior. This permeability is further strengthened by an absence of systematic doors at every opening. With the climate and the low budget, closing all openings with doors wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x;t necessary, as it rarely rains and the free flow of air is much needed; nor was it wanted: keeping large openings would allow an organic surveillance by the SOS mothers across the village, and strengthen the essential relationship of every house with its private, open space. This openness also puts children in an ideal position for free play. As such, large openings are sometimes half-closed with a moucharabieh, another traditional solution for ventilation and mild visibility. The only spaces that are completely impermeable are the bedrooms. PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

3.3.4 VENTILATION AND THERMAL COMFORT It is a traditional typology in hot climates. Its typical narrow streets and optimal orientations are a great solution for passive and effective ventilation. They conducted a very detailed study for an optimal natural ventilation: by the orientation of alleys, the “ventilation corridors”, and by the openings, big or small, in the surfaces of the houses. In critical points, and when it wasn‟t possible to have a free flow of air, they created tall ventilation shafts, which are called “wind catcher towers”: they “catch” the wind and Open floor plans that enhance natural ventilation

direct it into the room, hence keeping a refreshing air flow in the interior spaces. To optimize sun shading and cross-ventilation, both essential to make the climate viable, the houses follow the same scheme but are placed in relation to one another in a wellstudied

manner,

sometimes

becoming

two

superimposed houses, where roofs are terraces. Plants are introduced in the project: despite the aridity of the climate, encouraging residents to take proper care of them generates a network of communal greenery and, on the long run, those trees will grow to provide extra shade and cool down the Planting indigenous plants that offer shading

spaces. They also took advantage of the hot, sunny climate to power houses with solar energy: the project is equipped for self-sufficient, photovoltaic electricity production. 3.3.5 MATERIALS Each unit is built in cement blocks and RC structure and houses six to seven children and a foster mother. The pale, earthy tone finish is for reflecting a maximum of light and blending in the landscape.

Section through the wind chimney

3.3.6 SAFETY AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY As it is a medina for children, and in the local cultural context, the narrow streets sometimes open up to become squares of different sizes, where communal activities take place and a sense of community can be built, a sense that is essential in the functioning of SOS children‟s villages. Those open spaces are also safe spaces for children to play, as cars are completely kept out of the project, with a few parking lots at one of the entrances. In this way, the project is a constant place of recreation, and Open communal spaces

interstitial spaces are suited for various activities PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

3.4 LAAYOUNE TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL (MOROCCO, AFRICA)

MOROCCO, Africa

3.4.1

COLLÈGE IBN ZOHR, Morocco

REGIONAL CASE STUDY

LAAYOUNE TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL , Collège Ibn Zohr

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The project of the Laayoune Technology School in Morocco is part of the decentralization policy of universities centers in the different regions of the country. The program consists on teaching spaces(classrooms, workshops, amphitheater), library, administrative offices, teacher‟s offices and services (maintenance spaces, staff accommodation etc.). The site, quite away from the city center, generated a need of "urbanity” through an organization around an axial scheme, and thus providing a comprehensive and clear reading and at the same time a diversity of ambience‟s. The various buildings are fragmented to allow for maximum ventilation and natural lighting and are connected by a set of external paths, squares, covered parking spaces, gardens minerals to accentuate precisely this notion of urbanity.

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

3.4.2

SPATIAL ORGANIATION

Laayoune is located in the south of Morocco and is the main city of the Sahara region. The network of universities also includes the FacultĂŠ Polydisciplinaire of Taroudant (Taroudant University) and the Technology School of Guelmin, shortlisted for the 2016 Aga Khan Award 2016, both constructed a few years ago by El Kabbaj - Kettani Siana Architects. The similarities between the three projects are clear in the choice of materials, form and composition: the ochre concrete structure reinterpreting traditional Moroccan raw earth buildings and the colours of the Sahara; the composition made up of geometrically similar blocks inspired by the qasba, the traditional Arabian fortified citadel, with only a few openings, which cast strong shadows. The bare walls, with their severe look resulting from a search for sobriety inspired by the scientific values taught in the university, aim for conservation, easy maintenance, and minimisation of costs and waste PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

The layout is very similar to that of Taroudant University, oriented on the basis of an axis which, in this case, runs from the northwest to the southeast, with the main entrance on one of the side arms. The auxiliary

buildings,

administrative

such

offices,

the

university‟s

documentation

centre,

amphitheatre and professors‟ offices, as well as the cafeteria, are on the same side as the main entrance, while all the classrooms, institutes and laboratories, the spaces designed for use by students, are on the other side of the pedestrian path. Interpretation of the layout in relation to this axis gives Use of vertical sunshading elements

this, and the other institutes, great rigour and immediacy, facilitating orientation and a sense of being at home. 3.4.3. VENTILATION AND THERMAL COMFORT All the blocks are interrupted and connected by plazas and pathways planted with trees, little “oases” partially sheltered by sunbreaks, enriched with street furnishings to encourage people to stop and socialise outdoors.

Windows are oriented away from the direct sun

The architects paid special attention to the issue of the climate and temperatures of the Sahara and the indoor microclimate: repeated vertical openings in the walls shelter the interiors from the strong light and heat while at the same time providing sufficient natural light and ventilation in the classrooms. Within these powerful, mute walls, sometimes treated as a second skin, we may find the severity of the bond with the earth that has characterised Moroccan architecture over the centuries. The various buildings are fragmented to allow

The material choice blends with the surrounding context

maximum natural ventilation and lighting and are connected by a set of external paths, squares, covered squares, mineral gardens to justly enhance this notion of urbanity. The architectural vocabulary is solid, geometric and plays with the contrast-ocherexterior and interior-light. Different sun protection devices are used: brise-soleil, double skin, protected walkways etc. The materials used are minimized to emphasize abstraction and coherence of the whole while meeting the need of sustainability and easy maintenance

The material choice blends with the surrounding context PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

3.5 AMSTERDAM ORPHANAGE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS)

NETHERLANDS, Europe

INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY

AMSTERDAM, Netherlands

AMSTERDAM ORPHANAGE, Amsterdam

3.5.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION The building is located on the southern outskirts of Amsterdam, IJsbaanpad 3B, Holland, an area that at the beginning of the 20th century was influenced by the South Plan proposed by H.P. Berlage for the extension of the city. It was located between the A10 motorway and the Olympic Games Stadium in 1928, on a flat lot without neighboring buildings As a member of CIAM and then a founding member of Team 10, van Eyck held strong opinions on post-war architecture. The Amsterdam Orphanage was van Eyckâ&#x20AC;&#x;s opportunity to put his opinions in practice through his first large scale built project. Van Eyck criticized early post-war architecture as lacking a human element. In the Amsterdam Orphanage he sought to design a modern building with a new urban vision from those of his CIAM predecessors.. It was commissioned as an orphanage for children of all ages and includes sleeping quarters, a kitchen, laundry room, gymnasium, library, and administrative spaces. Van Eyck spoke of the Orphanage as a small urban study.

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

3.3.2 CONCEPT Van

Eyck

formulated

readopted by

the

concept

fifteenth-century

previously architect

L.B.Alberti, the analogy between house and city, â&#x20AC;&#x153;a small world within a large, large world within a small one, a house as a city, a city as A home â&#x20AC;&#x153;, creating a home for the 125 children was the goal of Aldo van Eyck. Van Eyck was a humanist whose aim was to create an architecture of community and a sense of place. The creation of community was of exceptional importance in this project, as the residents had little or no connection to family outside of the institution. 3.3.3 TECHNIQUE Van Eyck's humanist approach is evident in his creation of access to southern exposure in bedrooms, access to fresh air in most rooms, a high proportion of outdoor to indoor spaces, views to courtyard and exterior from most spaces, the composition of spaces as a series of interrelated nodes, and the repeated use of primitive geometries.. In addition, van Eyck legitimizes the child through architecture, creating spaces that are responsive to their physical and mental

states,

and

creates

opportunities

for

kinaesthetic learning. He employs a clear formal technique that combines classicism, minimalism and Dogon tribal typologies. If the orphanage were to be likened to the human body, it could be said that the main court is the heart of the project -- acting as the main outdoor gathering Open communal spaces

space and as a threshold for interactions between the world of the interior and the exterior. The administrative area would be the brain, and the living quarters the extremities. Circulation paths like veins connect them to one another, allowing people to flow through the building freely. The relationship between inside and outside can also speak of attitudes within the institution of emotional expression. While there are windows facing outwards, the widest windows face interior courtyards, keeping the focus of residents within the building, and protecting them somewhat from the exterior world. This carries with it a sense of emotional openness within the community, but to a lesser extent with the exterior community.

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

3.5.4

SPATIAL ORGANIZATION

Van Eyck carefully conceived of a series of meeting places connected to one another by a network of pathways. "The whole scheme of the orphanage was interwoven around a number of centres defined from the beginning as points of interaction and exchange between various areas of the facility." He called this creation of networks and nodes inbetweening. He says that space becomes a place "through the combination of memory and anticipation. Places remembered and places anticipated dovetail in the temporal space of the present. The program of an orphanage includes sleeping spaces for children of different sexes and ages, quarters for staff, a nursery, an infirmary, cooking and dining areas, administration and of course indoor and outdoor play spaces. Van Eyck created two wings of sleeping areas for the children. To the east, he placed children under the ages of 10 in co-ed rooms. The youngest would sleep in the nursery. As the children aged, they would step up through the bedroom system, increasing their distance from the nursery. After the age of ten, they would be split into male and female dormitories, but would still reside next to one another. Administration and staff residences were kept to the north. Access to daylight was of great importance to van Eyck. In order to allow for maximum solar exposure, he stepped the children's dormitories across the southern face of the building. Van Eyck used a variety of window types and light wells, including sky lights, high slits in the walls, walls built of glass cubes, and large windows. This spread out floor plan also allowed for a blurring between indoors and outdoors, as open fields surrounded each indoor space. The residential units are arranged in a staggered formation, thus allowing each of them to have communication with an individual outdoor space and with the internal street. PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

3.5.5 USER CONSIDERATION (AGE AND GENDER) Van Eyck's orphanage references the human body of the growing child with great consideration. He has taken into consideration the physical size of the body, the gender of the children, and the activities of interest

that

accompany

age

and

gender.

Additionally, the orphanage is intended to promote health and wellbeing for its occupants. Van Eyck was concerned with the visual importance of the child in architecture. In his orphanage, this was expressed by integrating new types of play objects into the project, mainly made of concrete and metal. Some of these objects included sand pits, somersault and climbing frames, and concrete somersault

frames

play tables. Van

were

often

Eyck's

constructed

for

children of different heights. Bars were placed at 80, 90 and 100cm.. Also, in recognition of the fundamental differences between children and adolescents of different ages and sexes, living spaces were designed to allow their occupants

partake

age

and

gender

appropriate activities. For example, young children had a living room that facilitated the creation of tents, forts, and allowed for the throwing of a ball inside. Females aged 10-14 had a pancake kitchen where they could experiment with cooking. They also had a puppet theatre to act-out stories, and a series Open communal spaces

of chairs that could be variously arranged. The space for young ladies 14-20 included a variety of nooks for privacy, and low coffee tables for socializing. Young men had a workshop. Additionally, furniture height and level of privacy throughout the building reflected the body and activities

its

users.

"the

rooms

had

differentiated according to age, in the first place by the choice of appropriate dimensions. The height of Views into the courtyard through large windows

the windows, for instance, had to be such that a child sitting on a stool could easily look outside and be able to see people passing outside the window." Similarly, dimensions of the toilets and sinks related to the physical proportions of the children. Younger children had shared bedrooms on the ground floor, while young adults had their own bedrooms on the upper story. This choice to divide occupants into age and sex underscores the importance of the human

Change of materials to create interesting texture

body in both program and proportion. PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

3.6 MANAV SADHNA ACTIVITY CENTRE (AHMEDABAD, INDIA)

INDIA, South â&#x20AC;&#x201C;East Asia

INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY

GUJARAT, India

AMHEDABAD, Gujarat

3.6.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION Nearly 27.4 million tonnes of waste is produced daily in the urban centers of India. Cities like Ahmedabad alone produce 2750 metric tonnes.

Unfortunately nothing really gets processed of the same.

This waste is simply

dumped openly in the landfill sites, which uses enormous volumes of fossil fuel, creating an altered, polluted, unsafe and unhealthy landscape. Thankfully India has a well-established tradition of waste recycling which is clearly demonstrated in daily practices and lifestyle. Food along with many other objects, are given added value for their multiple uses and diverse applications even after its primary life cycle. Can the building industry not learn from these applications? An activity centre at Rama PirTekra, Wadaj in Ahmedabad has been one such attempt in the direction of recycling municipal/domestic waste into building materials. The activity centre is located amidst the largest squatter settlement of Ahmedabad, and was created under the initiative of the social NGO, ManavSadhna. The multi-purpose activity centre serves as an informal school for young children in the mornings, provides evening education for adults and serves as a vocational training centre and activity workshop for the manufacturing of craft based products by the youth, women and elderly during the day. The campus also includes a dormitory, an administrative unit and an all-religion meditation unit. A crĂ¨che has been added later to look after the young children when their parents are away earning wages. The community centre apart from becoming interactive place during festivities also doubles up as health centre and Gym on the routine basis The campus is built using components prepared through recycling municipal/domestic waste. This process simultaneously addresses environmental concerns, economic issues and affordable housing. As municipal waste from the domestic sector is used for producing building components, it helps to reduce pollution. Through value addition processes of recycling the waste, it provides an economic activity for the poor as well as a sense of empowerment.

Finally as the recycled building components are cheaper and of higher quality than the

conventional materials, they provide affordable and superior quality building alternatives for the urban poor. Thus a holistic improvement in the quality of life. PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

3.6.2 DESIGN CONCERNS Non polluting environment, economic empowerment and affordable built forms are the three key dimensions of this imitative. The project is an outcome of three years of empirical research at the Vastu Shilpa

foundation

for

studies

research

environmental design with the goal of converting municipal waste from domestic sector into building Components. The project also demonstrates that building

can

become

economic

activity,

empowering people. Ground floor plan

3.6.3 SPATIAL ORGANIZATION It has the radial organization A radial organization combines elements of both central and linear organization here all the spaces tend to open at the central court the courtyard acts as A multipurpose space where children‟s dance and play various outdoor games. Many cultural programme‟s are conducted here. The place is essentially conceived as a traditional khadki- a residential precinct with closable courtyard to which all peripheral spaces open. The courtyard door, if open, makes the campus externally oriented to interface with street, while by choice if shut can make it introverted yet outdoor space where young First floor plan

children can safely play and rest without noise. Mothers get their privacy while breastfeeding. So it becomes a versatile place where indoors spill outdoors and outdoors translate into an open room. Fully openable pivoted doors to the room mark inside to outside transition seamless. It also offers the choices of scale and type of spaces to adopt by activities, seasons or the time of the day. Room walls essentially are the retaining wall structures to the adjoining plot which occur at the higher levels. The roof‟s flat plane, as terrace, becomes the natural extension of the ground at the upper level to neighbouring plot. Pyramidical translucent roof pavilion on the raised central slab becomes the stage for outdoor social events of the activity centre.

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

3.6.4 CLIMATIC RESPONSE The built spaces get insulated from at least three sides by earth mass or the adjoining structure while the fourth open to deep veranda space. Brick piers of the peripheral retaining walls get consumed as storage voids. Deep seated perforated shutters of the rooms work as inlets of cooler air through shaded veranda Intake of light

while raised central bay provides for escape chimney through glazed ventilators and hence, natural cross ventilation. Skylights on the edge walls wash off the light on wall planes to bring in illumination without a glare

the

direct

sun.

Stained

glass

bottles

embedded in the slab also serve as the same. 3.6.5

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND RECYCLED

MATEERIALS USE Cool air enters from the lower openings and hot air rises getting out through the higher openings

In continuation of the explorations for the recycling of waste at Manavsadhna activity centre, here at the crèche the experimentation is done with the palette of waste material found from the other construction site.

Some

one‟s

waste

becomes

some

one‟s

resource. The walls are made out of the fly ash non burnt bricks which is stronger and cheaper than the conventional burnt clay bricks in addition to them being pollution friendly by using the thermal PowerStation‟s waste. Use of a courtyard to keep the spaces well ventilated

The flooring is a creative collage of range of scrap material such as recycled mosaic tiles, variety of residual stone strips as well as terrazzo. The flooring pattern in the hall for the children creates educative as well as interactive flooring by local mason and craftsman based detailing. For example not only the waste residues of the tiles and stones are resized to bring in aesthetic pattern through their creative repetition but in the centre there is a constellation of living planet created with shaped profiles of the Sun, Moon, bird, flower, animal, reptile etc. The flooring for the volunteer‟s space has semi dressed stone strips to create patterns of palm trees,

Ahmedabad has the hot and dry climate.. All the spaces are oriented towards the windward side facing the open court for the ease in cross ventilation

leaves and floral abstractions. .

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

Roof and ceiling has been experimented with number of materials. As filler slab it has an infill of sporadic glass bottle cluster to also bring in the glow of light. The other filler material chosen has been sundried clay bowls which are being produced by the neighbouring potters as business proposition. One more such filler has been the computer key boards which not only provide texture to ceiling but also makes it visually engaging as well as educative with alphabets on them for a child watching the ceiling lying on floor. Ceiling is further animated by the help of local women who skilfully rendered it with filigree in bright colours. The end wall also has been animated with mud mirror craft of the province. These initiatives also bring in sense of involvement and belonging in the inhabitants. The outer wall of the courtyard is painted with combination of floral motifs and caricatures. Court is further animated by the stair and slide combination on the opposite edge. Stair connecting the activity centre at the terrace level splits at the landing to become playful slide for the children. Stair railing and parapet also has been designed from the metal scrap received from other sites. Doors have been one of the most interactive and dynamic elements of the space. Made up of steel frame and recomposed metal parts as infill. The diverse parts of broken bicycles and used rotary blades of stone cutter etc have been creatively composed which not only is like a grill to doorâ&#x20AC;&#x;s shutters but creates dynamic backdrop to the space with silhouette profiles and multiple sub patterns within the component assembly. The dynamism is further enhanced by actually moving wheels as well as sound chimes within the door. This also alerts other faculties of the child in addition to sight. The Stage pavilion on the roof terrace is made up of light

weight

Fibre

Reinforced

plastic

but

strengthened as well as brightened up with colourful cloth rags sandwiched within FRP. The sum total of these have rendered flexible, functional, cheerful and sustainable space with alchemy of the built and un built,

waste

material

and

skilled

craftsmanship,

Environment and aesthetics as well as constrains and creativity. PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

Wall Techniques 1. Cement Bonded Flyash Bricks 2. Mould Compressed Bricks 3. Stabilized Soil Blocks 4. Recycled Glass Bottles 5. Recycled Plastic Bottles 6.

Vegetable

Crate

Wood

Paneling. Floors And Roof Slabs 1. Filler Slab With Glass Bottles 2. With Plastic Bottles And Bricks 3. Stone Slab 4.

Cement

bonded

particle

board with clay tile cover 5. Pipe Truss With G.I. Sheet Door Paneling 1. Shreded Packaging Wrapper 2.

Coated

paper

waste

reinforcement substitute for fiber reinforced plastic(FRP)

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

3.7

LESSONS

LEARNT MADE IN THE STREETS SCHOOL (KAMULU)

S.O.S CHILDREN’S VILLAGE (BURUBURU)

LOCAL CASE STUDIES

1. 1.

children could enjoy living conditions that are as close as possible to normal family

These spaces should be located far from the popular street bases so as to avoid

life. This has been achieved through creating houses that accommodate ten children

truancy cases 2. 3.

in each, looked after by a dedicated woman (aged between 28 and 53 years) who

The neighbouring context should be accommodative so as to encourage a “homey” environment. Space allocation for different users, based on time of admission, age and gender,

becomes a „mother‟ figure 2.

Creating a healing environment through positive distraction and activities should be highly considered

Due to the long term stay, there should be a sense of belonging created through design of space and activities

There is a section for vegetable planting, with three green houses for tomatoes, and maize grown in a field. These allow the village to be self sustaining and the users buy

therefore one should consider privacy gradient 4.

The general programme objective was to create an environment where orphaned

the food products from S.O.S at a subsidized rate. 3.

There is a sense of welcome in the introductory area, that is, the entrance and administration block.

The common shared spaces are finished in bright colours like orange, yellow and green. This create a certain vibrancy that encourages playfulness and interaction among the children and youth.

S.O.S CHILDREN’S VILLAGE (DJIBOUTI)

REGIONAL CASE STUDIES

It is a medina for children - a safe environment with no cars, where the narrow streets and squares become places to play.

maintain certain outdoor living.

reading and at the same time a diversity of ambience 2.

minimisation of costs and waste 3.

landscaping purposes. Solar PV panels are placed on the roofs. Pebbles are placed on the

encourage people to stop and socialise outdoors. 4.

The various buildings are fragmented to allow maximum natural ventilation and lighting and are connected by a set of external paths, squares, covered squares, mineral

building roofs for cooling purposes. Natural ventilation and sun shading was intensely studied

gardens to justly enhance this notion of urbanity.

introducing wind chimneys and narrow streets

AMSTERDAM ORPHANAGE (AMSTERDAM) INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES

All the blocks are interrupted and connected by plazas and pathways planted with trees, little “oases” partially sheltered by sunbreaks, enriched with street furnishings to

Aspects of sustainability have been introduced into the project such as; Water recycling. It rarely rains in Djibouti so rain water collection wasn't feasible. The recycled water is used for

The bare walls, with their severe look resulting from a search for sobriety inspired by the scientific values taught in the university, aim for conservation, easy maintenance, and

It is a medina with lots of vegetation. Where the inhabitants are encouraged to take care of their plants and benefit from the result.

The site, quite away from the city center, generated a need of "urbanity” through an organization around an axial scheme, and thus providing a comprehensive and clear

It is a medina with plenty of open spaces - public and private spaces are clearly defined. And in the private, the inside and outside areas melt allowing the residents to

LAAYOUNE TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL (MOROCCO)

MANAV SADHNA ACTIVITY CENTRE (AHMEDABAD) 1.

Van Eyck's humanist approach is evident in his

The community centre apart from becoming interactive place during festivities also doubles up as health centre and Gym on the routine basis The campus is built using

•

creation of access to southern exposure in bedrooms,

components prepared through recycling municipal/domestic waste.

•

Small informal pockets create areas of intrigue and discovery.

simultaneously addresses environmental concerns, economic issues and affordable

•

access to fresh air in most rooms,

•

a high proportion of outdoor to indoor spaces,

•

views to courtyard and exterior from most spaces,

•

the composition of spaces as a series of interrelated nodes,

•

the repeated use of primitive geometries. Simple geometry interaction to create interactive spaces.

This process

housing 2.

As municipal waste from the domestic sector is used for producing building components, it helps to reduce pollution.

Through value addition processes of recycling the waste, it provides an economic activity for the poor as well as a sense of empowerment.

the recycled building components are cheaper and of higher quality than the conventional materials. They provide affordable and superior quality building

In addition, van Eyck legitimizes the child through architecture, creating spaces that are responsive to their age and gender and physical and mental states, and creates opportunities for kinaesthetic learning.

alternatives for the urban poor. Thus a holistic improvement in the quality of life. 5.

The sum total of the materials used have rendered flexible, functional, cheerful and sustainable space with alchemy of the built and un built, waste material and skilled craftsmanship, Environment and aesthetics as well as constrains and creativity.

PROJECT REPORT

PART FOUR â&#x20AC;&#x201C; BRIEF FORMULATION 4.1 DESIGN OBJECTIVES 4.2 PROPOSED RANGE OF ACTIVITIES 4.3 AREA ACCOMMODATION SCHEDULE

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

13% 46%

Combination of all

To be provided With employment

4.1 DESIGN

To be taken to school

OBJECTIVES

13%

To be integrated To family

2 SELECT THE CHILDREN’S PROBLEM

SELECT THE REASON OF THE PROBLEM

20%

To be provided with Basic needs

VIOLENCE

FAMILY

Perception and expectation of street youth towards rehabilitation centres

HEALTH PROBLEM

SOCIETY

COMMUNITY DISPPROVAL

POVERTY

INABILITY TO COPE NO SAFE PLACE TO PLAY

VOCATIONAL TRAINING – MITS, RUAI

TRANSFER THE SOLUTION INTO SPACES

4% Performing tasks e.g cooking

30% Vocational training

3 SELECT THE SOLUTION

- RECREATIONAL AND

PHYSICAL

OUTDOOR SPACES

15%

- HEALTH CARE CENTRE AND CLINIC

HEALTH CARE

- COMMUNITY

Basic learning

CENTRE VOCATIONAL

51%

PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH

TRAINING AND EDUCATION - TEMPORARY

Sports and entertainment

SOCIAL INTEGRATION

HOUSING

Kind of activities enjoyed by the former street youth in the rehabilitation centres

EDUCATION

OBJECTIVES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Provide basic needs Cure diseases Professional and creative education Deal with psychological problems Recreate family environment

BARRIERS ADDRESSED 1. 2. 3. INFORMAL EDUCATION– MITS, RUAI

31% Provision of training

41% Provision of food and clothing

18% Provision of education

10% Integration with family and society

What the youth feel they have gained from rehabilitation centres. This calls for need for more provision of training and informal education within the facility

Health Education Psychological

INTERVENTION CHANNEL 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Specialized health care Creative/ critical education Create sense of belonging Recreate social life Change violence to activities

ARCHITECTURAL MODEL 1. 2. 3. 4.

housing Hospital/medical centre, disabled facilities Creative educational: schools/classroom, art and craft classrooms, workshops and training facilities Theatre, psychological rehabilitation, sport facilities PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

4.2 PROPOSED

RANGE OF ACTIVITIES

4.1.1 ORGANIZATION OF CENTRE ADMINISTRATION AND RECEPTION •

General administration and secretarial work

•

Filing office work/information

•

Promoting public awareness

•

Holding meeting between staff members

•

Holding

meetings

with

people

from

outside

organisation -Parents -Members of local community -Government representatives -Police •

Interviewing

future

staff

members

(paid and

volunteer) •

Monitoring project process

4.1.2 UPKEEP OF CENTRE 1. HOUSEKEEPING •

Preparing meals

•

Cleaning centre

•

Laundry

2. MAINTENANCE (INSIDE AND OUTSIDE) •

Painting / decorating

•

repairing damages i.e. to furniture and equipment

4.1.3 RECREATON AND SOCIO-CULTURAL 1.

CELEBRATION

•

Birthdays

•

Religious festivals/ ceremonies

•

National holidays

PLAY

•

Board games

•

Cards

•

Educational videos

•

Outings

•

Camping, scouting, circus, theatre /variety show etc.

•

Pool/billiards

•

Television and video

•

Team games; Relay races, sack races, tug of war, 3 legged race, etc.

SPORT

•

Acrobatics

•

Ball games; Basket ball, Football, Table tennis, Tennis. Volley ball

•

Running

•

Swimming PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

4.1.4 EDUCATIONAL 1. PERSONAL •

Hygiene; including personal

•

Nutrition

•

Health; contraception, drug dependency, sexually

Transmitted diseases, AIDS etc •

First aid (staff and children)

2. SELF EXPRESSION AND COMMUNICATION •

Arts and crafts -Painting, Sculpture

•

Theatre /Drama;

Puppet, Street (theatre), Role

playing • LEARNING SPACE ROOM PLANNING

Music

(group

individual),

Singing,

Musical

instruments, Percussion (innovation), Dance 3. TRADITIONAL SCHOOL SUBJECTS •

Literate

numeracy,

Reading,

writing,

and

arithmetic •

General

studies;

History,

Geography,

Current

affairs, Language, Science(s) 4.1.5 SPECIAL CARE MEDICAL AND COUNSELLING •

Basic medical treatment

•

Providing free medicines

•

Dental care

•

Eye care (glasses)

•

Immunisation/vaccination

•

De worming

•

Counselling,

group/individual,

With

children,

parents

SELF EXPRESSION SPACE ROOM PLANNING

•

Referral to big hospitals in cases of emergency

4.1.6 VOCATIONAL TRAINING, INCOME GENERATING 1.

AGRICULTURAL

•

Fruit tree farming

•

Market gardening (vegetables)

•

Rearing livestock i.e. goats, chickens, pigs etc.

•

Tree planting

2. SERVICES •

Cooking

•

Courier service

•

Domestic help

•

Hotel boy training

•

Interior decorators

•

Launders

•

Massage

•

Painting/decorating

•

Receptionist

•

Remunerative employment PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

3. WORKSHOPS ACTIVITIES (LIGHT – ART AND CRAAFTS)

EXAMPLE OF A WORKSHOP LAYOUT PLAN

•

Book binding

•

Cane work

•

Candle making

•

Carpet weaving

•

Ceramics and pottery

•

Door mat making

•

Embroidery

•

Leather work

•

Lithography

•

Mat and carpet weaving

•

Papier mache

•

Printing

•

Tailoring (uniforms), knitting

•

Textile, weaving and spinning

•

Toy making

•

Woodcarving

WORKSHOP ACTIVITIES (HEAVY DURY)

•

Car mechanics; Car body work, Car electric’s, Car mechanics

•

Construction material product; Brick making, Block making, Windows, Doors

•

Electric’s; electronic, electricity and house wiring, Radio

engineering,

Refrigeration

and

air

conditioning • EXAMPLE OF A SLEEPING ACCOMMODATION LAYOUT PLAN

Metal work; Iron moulding, Locksmith and welding, Sheet metal working, Welding

•

Wood work; Carpentry, Joinery, Woodcarving

•

Plumbing

4.1.7

RESIDENTIAL

•

Sleeping

•

Resting

•

Cooking

•

Eating

•

Washing

•

Laundry

SLEEPING AREA ROOM PLANNING

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

4.3 ACCOMMODATION

SCHEDULE

4.3.1 VOCATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE BRIEF MAIN SPACE Admin area

‘

a chance to go through free education and vocational training.

Student centre

Education area

•

reception

hall/

AREA

NET. AREA

No.

FACILITY display

galleries •

director’s office

•

registrar’s office

•

finance and admin office

•

procurement office

•

internal audit office

•

legal office

•

conference room

•

Kitchenette

•

wet areas

120

•

Dining hall

180 pax

448

149

•

Kitchen with service yard

•

wet areas

180

•

Multi purpose hall

250 pax

450

vocational (heavy training)

•

Woodwork studio + stores

100

•

Metalwork studio +s tores

100

•

Ceramics and pottery + kiln

100

and store

‘‘

‘

an opportunity to go through the rehabilitation process without any distraction from the city environment

•

Auto mechanics yard

200

•

Masonry workshop + store

100

•

Wet areas

•

Staff room

Vocational (light training)

•

Art studio

100

•

Music studio

100

•

Interior design studio

100

•

Graphic design studio

100

•

Media room

100

•

Textiles workshop

100

•

Leatherwork workshop

100

•

Weaving and embroidery

100

•

Staff room

Basic learning one and two

•

classes

100

600

•

Talent rooms

128

•

Computer labs

100

200

•

Toilets and lobby spaces

120

•

Staff rooms

100

200

TOTAL

‘

4222

3. Games and Sports

The project will open job opportunities for the vulnerable youths through training and recruitment

Football pitch

3570

14280

•

Basketball court

437

1311

•

Netball pitch

1250

Tennis court

800

•

PROJECT REPORT

‘

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

4.3.2 HEALTH CENTRE BRIEF MAIN SPACE

FACILITY

LEVEL ONE

‘

a chance to go through free education and vocational training.

Facilities

Normal care

AREA

NET. AREA

•

Pharmacy

•

First aid units

•

Reception area

•

Consultation rooms

•

Examination rooms

30 15

•

Sluice room

•

medical lab

•

Wet area

LEVEL TWO

Therapy and meditation

•

meditation &

No.

gardens

recognition

LEVEL THREE Special care Therapy areas

•

Group therapies

120

•

Psychiatric

30-40

•

Integrative

30-40

•

Existential

30-40

•

Occupational therapy

30-40

TOTAL

450

4.3.3 STUDENT ACCOMMODATION BRIEF

‘‘

‘

an opportunity to go through the rehabilitation process without any distraction from the city environment

MAIN SPACE

FACILITY

‘

NET. AREA

1728

Intensive

Housing units consisting of:

supervision

•

Lounge/ common room

•

Caretaker’s room

•

(Housing units)

Double accommodation rooms

•

Wet areas

Outdoor spaces

Mild

Hostel blocks consisting of

supervision

•

Caretaker’s room

720

•

8 bed – rooms TOTAL

5712 2688

•

Wet area

576

(hostels)

The project will open job opportunities for the vulnerable youths through training and recruitment

AREA

No.

Outdoor

•

Parking

support

•

Landscaped gardens

spaces

PROJECT REPORT

‘

PART FIVE â&#x20AC;&#x201C; CONCEPTUAL DESIGN 5.1 DESIGN CRITERIA 5.2 SITE ANALYSIS RESPONSE 5.3 CONCEPT DESIGN ONE 5.4 CONCEPT DESIGN TWO

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

5.1 DESIGN

CRITERIIA HUMAN / SOCIO - CULTURAL

1. Respect youthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s anthropometrics based on the age. 2. Universal access; consider the physically challenged, and the minority group 3. Respect youthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s psychology of fear and intimidation of such a place. The place needs to be welcoming and casual 4. Public social spaces or a public community gathering centre 5. Have income generating activities

FORM GENERATION AND SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT

1. Visible from around the site. 2. Spaces that are visually connected to each other 3. Spaces should be connected and fluidly opening to each other. 4. There should be minimal barriers within the centre 5. Seamless graduation of spaces according to degree of containment, activities , privacy gradient and scale of space

SUSTAINABILITY

1. Integrate the aspect of recycling and reusing materials 2. incorporate the use of affordable and sustainable locally sourced materials to ensure the project is economically sustainable 3. Use of renewable energy such as solar, having bio digesters, and sustainable means of waste management and having rainwater harvesting systems 4. Incorporate urban agriculture within the design to sustain the large numbers within the facility

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

5.2 SITE ANALYSIS

RESPONSE

NEIGHBOURHOOD CONTEXT

1 2

Church

Residential

Gas station

3 4

EXISTING FEATURES

CLIMATIC ISSUES

SITE

5 6

School

Shopping

Police

School

proposed primary access into the site

Create social activities that will open up the facility and enhance the Social integration

First floor

Ground floor

1. 2.

Having minimal barrier to ensure there is visual access into the facility this will enhance the natural surveillance and open up the facility to the open Building height limited to two storeys to blend with the neighbouring buildings

The site is located in a mixed use area which has residential activities being the most dominant activity. Ruai is developing at a very fast rate especially on the real estate sector. So as to serve the growing population the proposed Offering vocational training not only to the former street youth but also to

- Open planning and orientation to catch prevailing winds

the interested youth who dwell in Ruai, since there is no public vocational training centre in Ruai at the moment. This will enhance social integration amongst the youth 2.

Offering medical services. There is no hospital around the area, as one has

to go over 10km to Ruai Family Hospital. Therefore there should be a

the rehabilitation but also the community at large 4.

touch so as to blend in with the existing activities.

-incorporate rain water harvesting that will be used to water plants and for cleaning purposes

will improve the air quality of the site.

Exclude direct sunlight by having sun-shading devices, recessed windows

Maximize on natural ventilation by having cross ventilation, single banked

Rainwater harvesting should be practiced to save on costs and to be used to water the plants and for cleaning purposes

Solar power systems should be employed in the design to maximize on the sunlight and heat in the area

To further enhance the environmental quality of the area, more indigenous trees should be planted so as to create a micro-climate that

Incorporate rainwater harvesting methods and solar power systems so as to collect natural resources to serve the facility

Employ the use of live fence rather than masonry wall, to soften up the space. The fence should be electric as well to enhance security.

wind chimneys to and evaporative cooling to cool the interior spaces

As the site is located in a highly residential area, the layout and design of the proposed project should respond to the context by having a â&#x20AC;&#x153;homeyâ&#x20AC;?

rehabilitation centre to the public.

rooms and use of internal courtyards. One could also employ the use of

only serve the centre but also the community. These activities should be 5.

access roads within the are and in to the site. This will help to connect the

along the E-W axis

Within the facility there should be some commercial activities that will not easily accessible by the public

- Have long narrow plans that are oriented along the E-W axis

Access and circulation: the proposed project is a governmental project therefore one of the recommendations should be to design proper

should be long and narrow and the longer facades should be oriented

Having a communal sports facility which will not only serve the youth in

-Use of sunshading devices

and thick walls that enhance thermal massing. The plan of the buildings

medical clinic within the design so as to serve the area 3.

RAIN

- Planting can divert breezes into the building

project should be open to the public through the following ways: 1.

SUN

WIND

So as to blend in with the neighbouring buildings, the facility should not go more than 2 storeys high. The buildings should be constructed with locally sourced building materials.

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

CONCEPT ONE

5.3 DESIGN

PRIVACY GRADIENT AND PROXIMITY MATRIX

PRIVATE

PRIVACY GRADIENT

SPACE USE ZONING

1 - 20 ACRES - ‘SECONDARY’ AND ‘TERTIARY’ ZONE - 15-24 YEARS OLD (MIXED BOYS AND GIRLS)

Provide privacy for these spaces and create a intimate homey environment for them

DETOX AND THERAPY STUDENT HOUSING

ZONE B

PUBLIC

SEMI-PUBLIC

SEMI-PRIVATE

ZONE A

This is a space dominated by the students, they should be able to freely express themselves here and occasionally interact with outsiders

STUDENT CENTRE BASIC LEARNING AND TRAINING

Should be easily accessible from the main entrance as they offer services to the outside community as well

HEALTH CENTRE ADMIN AREA

This is a space open to the public that ensures there is social integration among the students and the people in the community

GAMES AND SPORTS SOCIO-ECONOMIC

1 - 20 ACRES - ‘PRE-PRIMARY’ AND ‘PRIMARY ZONE’ - 0-14 YEARS OLD (MIXED BOYS AND GIRLS)

PROS: - Separation of students according to age CONS - It will be hard to control and manage a mixed institution for adolescents due to various factors - The zoning may lead into a complicated master plan due to separation of age and gender in ZONE B

2 - 20 ACRES - ‘SECONDARY’ AND ‘TERTIARY’ ZONE - 15-24 YEARS OLD (SEPARATED BOYS AND GIRLS)

PROXIMITY MATRIX

girls

THRAPY/DETOX STUDENT HOUSING

ZONE B

STUDENT CENTRE LEARNING/TRAIINIMG

boys

ZONE A

x x

HEALTH CENTRE

ADMIN AREA

1 - 20 ACRES - ‘PRE-PRIMARY’ AND ‘PRIMARY ZONE’ - 0-14 YEARS OLD (MIXED BOYS AND GIRLS)

GAMES AND SPORTS SOCIO-ECONOMIC

Close proximity

average proximity

Keep separated

The proximity matrix ensure there is smooth flow of space from the most public spaces to the most private spaces.

PROS: - Less complicated master plan due to clear separation of age and gender - Separation of students according to age CONS - Separate access routes and service for public and service may complicate the master plan

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

5.3.1 BUBBLE DIAGRAMS

CONCEPT ONE

School farm

Sports & recreation education Health centre

Student housing

Entrance and parking

Student centre admin

Proposed access route and entrance to health centre

Existing route of access

education

Health centre

Proposed access route and entrance to health centre

‘primary’ (7-14)

Existing route of access

Existing entrance to site and ZONE A

Student housing

admin

Entra nce

‘ secondary’ and ‘tertiary’ (15-24) Health centre

BOYS

Staff housing

admi n

Student centre Entrance and parking

student housing

Student centre

School farm

Proposed access route and entrance to health centre

Existing route of access

‘primary’ (7-14)

GIRLS

Existing route of access

Proposed kitchen service access

STUDENT HOUSIN G SCHOOL FARM

SCHOOL FARM

STUDENT CENTRE

‘PRIMAR Y’ (7-14 YRS)

‘PREPRIMAR Y’ (0-6 YRS)

STUDENT HOUSING SCHOOL FARM

SPORTS & RECREATIO N

OUTDOOR LANDSCA PE

SPORTS & RECREATIO N

STAFF HOUSIN G

STUDENT CENTRE

STAFF HOUSIN G

STUDENT HOUSIN G

Student centre

Sports & recreation

staff housing

‘preprimary’ (0-6)

Existing entrance to site

Kitchen service access

Tertiary (19-24)

Entrance and parking admin

‘preprimary’ (0-6)

GIRLS

student housing

admi n

‘ secondary’ and ‘tertiary’ (15-24)

Play ground

‘secondary’ (15-18)

Student centre

Existing entrance to site and ZONE A

Young Mothers housing

admin

Sports & recreation

staff housing

admin

Sports & recreation

Entrance and parking Student centre

Student housing

Staff housing

Entra nce

Student housing

Student centre

School farm

Proposed entrance to ZONE B

Staff housing

Student housing

Staff housing

CONCEPT THREE

CONCEPT TWO

HEALTH CENTRE ENTRANC E& PARKING

‘SECONDAR Y’ (15-18 YRS)

‘TERTIARY’ (19-24 YRS)

STUDENT HOUSING

STAFF HOUSIN G

Existing route of access Proposed access route and entrance to health centre

Existing route of access

PROS: - Buffer zone between staff and student housing - One entrance unifies the whole facility - Separate main access and service access - Health and recreation spaces easily accessible to the public CONS - One entrance may cause traffic and limited parking space during community functions and school functions - No interaction between the children (0-14) and youth (15-24) - Challenge in separating boys and girls in zone B

Kitchen service access

Proposed entrance to ZONE B

ENTRANC E& PARKING

Young Mothers housing

‘TERTIAR Y’ (7-14 YRS)

‘PRIMAR Y’ (7-14 YRS)

ENTRANC E& PARKING

‘secondar y’ & ‘tertiary’ 15-24)

Student housing

STUDEN T CENTRE

Play ground

‘SECONDAR Y’ (15-18YRS)

STUDENT CENTRE

ENTRANC E& PARKING

ENTRANCE & PARKING

STUDENT CENTRE

SPORTS & RECREATIO N

STAFF HOUSIN G

‘preprimary’ (0-6) STAFF HOUSIN G

Existing route of access Proposed access route and entrance to health centre

Kitchen service access

ENTRANC E& PARKING

PROS: - Separation of entrances for the two zones - Health and recreational spaces directly accessed from the road - Interaction between the children and youth achieved through sports and recreation space - Staff housing directly linked to entrance and admin CONS - Service and main entrance not separate - Need to create a strong separation between staff and student accommodation - Challenge in separating boys and girls in zone B

STUDENT HOUSING

‘secondar y’ & ‘tertiary’ 15-24) ENTRANC E& PARKING

BOYS

STAFF HOUSIN G

ENTRANCE & PARKING

Existing route of access

Proposed access route and entrance to health centre

‘primary ’ (7-14)

‘PREPRIMAR Y’ (0-6 YRS) Existing route of access

STUDEN T CENTRE

SPORTS & RECREATIO N studen t centre

Student housing

Existing route of access

PROS: - Separation of entrances for the two zones - Health and recreational spaces directly accessed from the road - Interaction between the children and youth achieved through sports and recreation space - Staff housing directly linked to entrance and admin - Clear separation between boys and girls in zone B CONS - Service and main entrance not separate - Need to create a strong separation between staff and student accommodation in zone B

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

5.3.2 PROPOSED MASTERPLAN ONE

PRICIPLES USED

PROPOSED MASTERPLAN

ZONE A (MIXED 0-14YRS)

ZONE B (GIRLS 15-24YRS)

Student housing

clothing lines

Multipurpose halls Student union offices

metalwork

Art and music studios

woodwork

cafeteria

LANDMARK: The student centre is the heart of the facility and forms a major landmark for the centre AXIS: There are two axis with the site which provides clarity and makes it easy for the user in terms of wayfinding.

NODE

Sports and recreation And communal space

culinary

ICT labs

plumbing

Service Green yard house auto mechanics yard

School farm

Proposed entrance For farm and kitchen service

Proposed road

NODE

library

ICT labs

admin

Staff housing

Classrooms (15-18yrs

admin

Existing road

Proposed entrance to ZONE B (2)

ZONE B (BOYS 15-24YRS)

PROS: - Separation of entrances for the two zones - Health and recreational spaces directly accessed from the road - Interaction between the children and youth achieved through sports and recreation space - Staff housing directly linked to entrance and admin - Clear separation between boys and girls in zone B CONS - Need to create a strong separation between staff and student accommodation in zone B - The design seems to be too scattered - No consideration for future expansion

NO DE

NODE

Staff parking

Proposed road

HEALTH CENTRE

NODE

NO DE

NODE

parking

clothing lines

NODE

NOD E

NODES The scheme consists of different semiprivate nodes connected through one big pubic node and circulation paths.

PATHS There are different paths that are categorized into primary, secondary and tertiary. This provides a legible sequence of movement.

ZONE B (GIRLS 15-24YRS) ZONE A (MIXED 0-14 YRS) ZONE B (BOYS 15-24YRS)

DISTRICT The scheme consists of four different districts namely; ZONE A (mixed 0-14 yrs). ZONE B (girls 15-24 yrs), ZONE B (boys 15-24 yrs) and The Health centre

HEALTH CENTRE

EDGES The siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s edges are treated with natural vegetation to create a clear boundary around the site

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

SEMI PRIVATE

library

ICT labs

Art and music studios

metalwork

auto mechanics yard

woodwork

admin

Student housing

Staff housing

parking

Proposed access for kitchen and farm service

cafeteria

culinary

ICT labs

Sports and recreation And communal space

Service yard

clothing lines

plumbing

Green house

clothing lines

School farm

PRIVATE

SEMI PUBLIC

Multipurpose halls Student union offices

5.3.3 PROPOSED SECTOR PLAN ONE

Staff parking

Classrooms (15-18yrs)

Proposed entrance to ZONE B (2) Neighbouring Residential building

Access route

Gate house

parking

admin

Outdoor landscaping

Student centre

First floor Ground floor

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

CONCEPT TWO

5.4 DESIGN

PRIVACY GRADIENT AND PROXIMITY MATRIX

PRIVATE

PRIVACY GRADIENT

STUDENT HOUSING

SEMI-PRIVATE SEMI-PUBLIC PUBLIC

PHASE

ONE

Provide privacy for these spaces and create a intimate homey environment for them

DETOX AND THERAPY

This is a space dominated by the students, they should be able to freely express themselves here and occasionally interact with outsiders

STUDENT CENTRE BASIC LEARNING AND TRAINING

Should be easily accessible from the main entrance as they offer services to the outside community as well

HEALTH CENTRE ADMIN AREA

- Begin with the primary section which will also serve the public - Start designing from the existing infrastructure - Leave room for expansion of student learning spaces, accommodation, sports and social facilities

PHASE

TWO

This is a space open to the public that ensures there is social integration among the students and the people in the community

GAMES AND SPORTS SOCIO-ECONOMIC

PROXIMITY MATRIX

- Introduce the 15-24yrs boys in phase two. - Separate the two phases using an access route to the second facility - Leave room for expansion of student learning spaces, accommodation, sports and social facilities

THRAPY/DETOX STUDENT HOUSING

CONSTRUCTION PHASES

STUDENT CENTRE LEARNING/TRAIINIMG

PHASE x x

HEALTH CENTRE

THREE

ADMIN AREA

GAMES AND SPORTS SOCIO-ECONOMIC

Close proximity

average proximity

Keep separated

The proximity matrix ensure there is smooth flow of space from the most public spaces to the most private spaces.

- Introduce the 15-24yrs girls in phase two. - Separate the two phases using an access route to the second facility - Leave room for expansion of student learning spaces, accommodation, sports and social facilities

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

5.4.1 MASTERPLAN CONCEPT

1. ZONING

PUBLIC

SEMI-PUBLIC

SEMIPRIVATE

PRIVATE

2. CIRCULATION AND ACCESS

Primary access

Secondary access

Pedestrian movement

Cal-de-sacs

Access

4. FORM DEVELOPMENT 2

3. FORM DEVELOPMENT 1

Accommodation

Field

Farm

Learning spaces

Clinic and detox

Admin

Social spaces

Commercial spaces PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

5.4.2 PROPOSED MASTERPLAN TWO

Access to phase three

Access to phase two

Existing road

Service lane

PROS: - Separation of entrances for the three zones - Health and admin spaces directly accessed from the road - Interaction between the children and youth and society achieved through sports and recreation space - Staff housing directly linked to entrance and admin - Clear separation between boys and girls for the youth group - Service lanes not only serve the facilities but also separate the facilities - Ample space for future expansion has been left - The level of privacy increases as one moves away from the road PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

5.4.3 PROPOSED SECTOR PLAN TWO

Service lane

Access to phase two

Access to phase three

Service lane

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

5.4.4 SITE PROFILE

SITE PROFILES

PHASE TWO: 15-18YRS

Second floor

PHASE ONE: DETOXIFIACTION

SCHOOL FIELD

PHASE TWO: 19-24YRS SCHOOL FARM

First floor Ground floor

SECTION ONE

ACCESS ROUTE

PARKING

CLINIC

THERAPY ROOMS

STUDENT CEENTRE

LEARNING CENTRE

SCHOOL FARM

ACCESS ROUTE

First floor Ground Ground floor floor

SECTION TWO

ACCESS ROUTE

PARKING

ADMIN

STUDENT CEENTRE

LIGHT TRAINING

HEAVY TRAINING

SCHOOL FARM

ACCESS ROUTE

First floor

SECTION THREE

PRICIPLES USED LANDMARK: The student centre is the heart of the facility and forms a major landmark for the centre AXIS: There are two axis with the site which provides clarity and makes it easy for the user in terms of wayfinding.

NODES The scheme consists of different semi-private nodes connected through one big pubic node and circulation paths.

PATHS There are different paths that are categorized into primary, secondary and tertiary. This provides a legible sequence of movement. DISTRICT The scheme consists of four different districts namely; PHASE 1 (mixed 0-14 yrs). PHASE 2 (boys 15-24 yrs), PHASE 3 (girls 15-24 yrs) EDGES The siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s edges are treated with natural vegetation to create a clear boundary around the site. The edges are also strongly defined through the access routes PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

5.4.5 CLUSTER ONE

PHASE ONE

PHASE TWO (15-18)

PHASE TWO (19-24)

SCHOOL FIELD

ENTRANCE

LOUNGE

ROOM 2 ROOM 2

W,C

ENTRANCE

ROOM 1

CORRIDOR

W,C

12 m

CORRIDOR

BATHROOOM

CARE TAKER

ROOM 1

ROOM 2

ROOM 1

SCHOOL FARM

ENTRANCE

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

5.4.6 CLUSTER TWO

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

5.4.7 CLUSTER THREE â&#x20AC;&#x201C; GROUND FLOOR

SERVICE LANE

SERVICE YARD

SERVICE LANE

SERVICE YARD

AUTO MECHANICS YARD

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

5.4.8 CLUSTER THREE â&#x20AC;&#x201C; FIRST FLOOR

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

5.4.9 CLUSTER FOUR

PROJECT REPORT

PART SIXâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; SCHEMATIC DESIGN 6.1 SCHEMATIC DESIGN ONE 6.2 SCHEMTIC DESIGN TWO 6.3 SCHEMATIC DESIGN THREE 6.4 SCHEMATIC DESIGN FOUR

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

6.1 SCHEMATIC DESIGN ONE

6.1.2 PROS

6.1.3 CONS

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

6.2 SCHEMATIC DESIGN TWO

6.2.1 PROS

6.2.2 CONS

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

6.3 SCHEMATIC DESIGN THREE

6.3.1 PROS

6.3.2 CONS

PROJECT REPORT

THE SAFE SPACE: STREET BOYS REHABILITATION CENTRE - RUAI

6.4 SCHEMATIC DESIGN FOUR

6.4.1 PROS

PROJECT REPORT