triangle park
allison gould
Interior Architecture and Product Design Kansas State University
janelle heideman
Interior Architecture and Product Design Kansas State University
rachel duncan Architecture Kansas State University
shannon williams Regional and Community Planning Kansas State University
content abstract
introduction background pass-by residual space shared space design impact
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75 design 81 conclusion 107 process
timeline bibliography
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janelle The site, located in a magnified moment of a fractured city was cast residual by every standard. The byproduct of an auto centric nation has similar counterparts throughout American cities and stands to be an example for the potential that these residual spaces possess. The intent was to create a design and develop a program to allow the communities to reestablish pride in an area that has been disconnected since the construction of the I-35 bridge in 1970. The program was phased to allow for anticipated growth. It began with the basic need for safe,
clean walkability between the neighborhoods and evolved to allow for revitalization of the vacant buildings that edge the south side of the site. The site’s potential has gone so unnoticed that it was literally left for the birds and receives health citations every year. Yet this site is absolutely critical to the conjoining of two disconnected neighborhoods along the Boulevard. Stakeholder meetings, field analysis, pigeon poop documentation and prototyping led us to a comprehensive design to meet the needs of the ever evolving challenges of the site.
The data collected was used as a type of evidence based design, in order to ground all design decision throughout the process. The project was nominated for the Heinztelman Award at Kansas State University and will be built in May 2011. The site is one of many residual spaces that can be found along Southwest Boulevard and works to initiate the continuation of a pedestrian focused greenscape corridor to extend the length of Southwest Boulevard. The intent is to inspire others to use triangle park as a model for sustainable redevelopment.
allison The residual space at I35 and Southwest Boulevard has great potential to impact both the Westside and Crossroads communities. It is an opportunity to engage both districts collaboratively and begin to mend relationship between the two communities and also to address public needs for safety and sanitary issues throughout that area. The complexity of issues on the site involve congested traffic lights, the daunting interstate overpass which houses a multitude of pigeons, excess water runoff, and a large illdefined/over-exposed median. This space deals with the selected site plus the extension of perceived space continuing under the highway and for several blocks in all directions.
Analysis was carried out trying to discern the appropriate program for this space. Many iterations were proposed focusing on different aspects of analysis results. Through design development and strong influence from the community members the design was guided to a more simple and flexible approach.
making us consider the future more than ever before.
We determined that establishing connection through walkability and stayability would be the most appropriate solution to the current community needs. Creating a safe passage under the pigeon dominated overpass, well-lit walkways across the entire The most influential information site, and improving the traffic collected was really listening situation for pedestrian access and interpreting what the will promote accessibility to the neighbors involved want and site. Designing a comfortable need. Dealing with such a defined yet flexible public space variety of opinions was an and incorporating helpful green important learning experience. space and rain gardens work to Translating their desires and improve conditions on the site turning realistic site constraints to make it a desirable place to into positive design solution occupy. These design solutions created a complex project. will hopefully activate the The inevitable change of the space encouraging community city and the surrounding area ownership and future expanded our perspective development.
abstract
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programming
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introduction The Triangle Park project emerged when the Kansas City Design Center was approached by the Crossroads Community Association in fall 2009 to design a currently unused space to be developed as a park. Existing PIAC funds have been allocated to cover initial design development costs. The park will eventually be constructed through additional fund raising from the City and other sources.
The intent of the Kansas City Design Center is to study and address urban design possibilities to strengthen Kansas City’s public realm. Throughout our analysis, we utilized a conceptual framework that recognizes the fractured condition of the American city, Kansas City specifically. We researched the growth and changes that occurred in Kansas City over time, such as the city block system
favoring uncoordinated private development over quality public spaces, the development of an auto centric transportation system, and residential flight from the core of the city causing dedensification. Many of the changes that have occurred over time have made Kansas City a more fractured, less hospitable place for public life. We view our site as a location at which this fracturing is especially magnified.
introduction
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Triang l e Pa r k
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triangle park
Photo to current site conditions view facing north from the corner of West Pennway and 23rd Street.
Photo to current site context view facing south on West Pennway.
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The project site is defined by the streets of Southwest Boulevard, West Pennway, and 23rd Street, resulting in a triangular traffic median. The site lies immediately east of the elevated Interstate-35 overpass and just south of the West Pennway/Southwest Blvd. off-ramp. It is also located between two prominent and active neighborhoods and has potential to be utilized by a variety of business, resident, and drive-by users.
background
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site history The shape and existence of the project site, Triangle Park, is fundamentally tied to traffic. The park lies at the intersection of three streets and is just
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one of a series of triangular residual spaces created by a diagonal street interrupting the standard street grid. Southwest Boulevard has a diagonal route
because it was the former trolley car line connecting the suburbs to downtown. The site originally held three two story building however after
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the Pennsylvania bridge closed the buildings were cleared to meet easement and other zoning ordinances. By 1939 the site was an empty grass
median, much like it is today. Any design created for the park must address the phenomenon of traffic that first created the space.
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background
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interstate history Further traffic analysis shows how the development of Kansas City’s interstate system has influenced the site. Historical maps portray that the shifting pattern of traffic around Triangle Park has existed for over one hundred years. The images to the right represent the areas of the grid that were wiped off the map to clear room for Kansas City’s interstate system. The implementation of this system has impacted the dynamics of the city forever.
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background
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auto impacts Triangle park shares an edge with the boundary that I-35 creates. The park’s proximity to the The massiveness of the Ninterstate poses the largest constraint in the design of this project. structure is a strong presence in the area.
Triang le Pa rk
The bridge is noisy, dark and difficult to cross due to the exuberant amounts of pigeons and droppings. The abundance of bird poop has a powerful impact on the site and it’s users. It creates an extreme unsanitary conditions that prevents even the bravest of pedestrians from crossing underneath.
background
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Westside
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View Sou t h on Pen n sylvan ia View SW on SW B lvd View East on 23rd St
The divide that I-35 imposes on the Westside and Crossroads neighborhoods has blurred the original boundary lines of the two neighborhoods, causing controversy. The site lies at an intersection between two different types
of neighborhoods, with the Westside remaining largely residential in nature and Crossroads transitioning from industrial to a business/arts area. This is notable because it allows for access from different
types of users and different levels of surrounding activity. However, the area still suffers from a lack the density and a number of empty buildings, including the warehouse building directly south of the site.
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of traffic in and out of the city. When the interstate system was implemented the first exit into the downtown area was located just north of the site. Many people a day use this exit and commute past this location multiple times a week.
background
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Static Space
Pass-by Space
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Tra ďŹƒ c D e n s i t y =
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pass-by experience Automobiles are no longer seen as objects, but as their functions, merely to be used and optimized through the power of technology: “The vehicle now becomes a kind of capsule, its dashboard the brain, the surrounding landscape unfolding like a televised screen.”[6] Not only is the experience of passing through the city muted, but so too is the experience of traveling by vehicle, until a person could be existing in any space, surrounded by a view and by technology. Paul Virilio contends that traffic or new modes of transportation such as the automobile did not fundamentally change our experience of the city— “architectural surfaces still
formed boundaries, cities still comprised clusters of locals, and space was still managed perspectively,” but that technology (constant communication, the destruction of city boundaries, permanent transit) has transformed our experience of the city from one of spaces to one of time and light. If we are all now “interlocutors in permanent transit,” our designs must address this existence: an appeal or challenge that no longer simply relates to a physical or visual interaction, but to a technological way of life. [31] The dominance of images over reality in today’s society and the contrast between viewing and experiencing can be
extended to the triangle park site as a function of traffic. [7] Traffic, or traveling in a car, creates unreality in regards to experiencing the city or a specific site that one views or passes. The experience in traffic is an unreality in which you are sheltered and protected from interaction inside your vehicle; you are in control, your very attention is vied for by the outside, but you view the street from a passive perspective, much like the experience of television watching. The past conception of public streets as a place where real life and activity takes place is now lost; streets are the domain of traffic and cars exclusively. Streets represented
pass-by
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on maps are now only funnels for traffic (although they are still “sold” in new developments with perspectives filled with people and activity, pedestrians and bikers, interest and life). Streets in many cases are now no longer places for “real” activity and we can only make them seem as such through another unreality—the Disneyland-esque temporary introduction of life and events. In this case, First Fridays is a nearby event that does just that. But as First Fridays creates a vibrant street life and opportunity for interaction, it also makes clear to us the
lack of population and activity on any other given day. Like Disneyland, most First Fridays participants must drive from elsewhere and park to take place in the event, and will exit again at the termination of the event, leaving the Crossroads once more a largely under utilized place. Images are continuously used to enhance our desire for improved highways, improved streets. The rush hour traffic jam is commonly portrayed in television, movies, and the nightly news as a destructive phenomenon that can only be
solved by more construction, more roads, and faster travel times. Triangle Park is one opportunity to create a new image and interaction with traffic that tells a different story. By focusing a design solution that reacts to traffic—whether combating, harnessing, or simply interacting with it—awareness can be created in the minds of the constant commuter. Technology can be utilized as an underlying support for design goals as we accept is permeation and importance in our current society; however technology need not be the focus of the design. [7]
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Hierarchy of Time Viewed
timed views Majority of people experiencing the site will be in automobile. This study was an attempt to track the amount of time each segment of the site would be in a motorist’s view. The intent was to document highly visible parts of the site to determine areas best suited for a pass by experience.
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The traffic near the site is extremely dangerous for pedestrians and over complicated for motorist. There are 6 traffic lights within a 120 feet of one another. We documented four traffic violations over a two hour period due to unnecessary confusion in this area. Pedestrian crosswalks are poorly marked or non-existent.
C u r re nt Tra ďŹƒ c S t u d y
triangle implementation By addressing the constant flow of traffic and the typical inattentiveness of drivers to their surroundings, we can design a useful space resulting in a unique experience. In the case of the intersection of 8th Street and John Street in Seattle, Washington, a proposed design solution sought to create a beneficial interaction between drivers and pedestrians through the creation of a woonerf [22]. Woonerfs create a
shared public space in which pedestrians take precedence, but cars can still be utilized. By populating the street right-ofway with parking, vegetation, children’s play places, seating, and other amenities while narrowing lanes, drivers are obligated to reduce speed. This strategy simultaneously increases safety and enhances their own experience with the outside world. The concept of a woonerf could be adapted to serve the Triangle Park site.
Closing streets, narrowing 23rd and West Pennsylvania where they abut the triangle site, removing curbs, and replacing street pavement with a visually distinct material would signal to drivers that they are in a unique space. Unifying the street and the triangle “park” itself would allow for activities to flow throughout the entire space and signal the presence of pedestrians.
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fractured space The residual space that is a common part of our American cities exists because of the unique development of our country. The quick growth of America produced an assembly of isolated buildings laid out by the grid; each establishing their own identity while producing residual space throughout the urban fabric. While the lack of structure or object does not automatically define space, these residual remnants have the potential to greatly impact the urban environment. This absence is a dimension of the American city and while it may already be inherent, we must begin to formalize these spaces
by strategically defining edges and purposefully influencing them to create positive spaces.
plots throughout the length of it. “Many of New York’s most important public places (Times Square and Herald Square) Residual space is often seen as emerged from the resistance of left over and worthless because these parcels to development.� of the manner in which it is [26] Kansas City possesses created. Often incidences that countless opportunities to defy the grid create complex utilize disregarded spaces. division of space that is difficult Our goal is to strive for to develop. This may generate design excellence on every an unusual challenge, but level for everyone to enjoy never hopeless. An old trail while providing an example that ran through the Island of throughout this Midwestern Manhattan, NY created issues city. Southwest Boulevard when the grid was introduced. has potential with the many The pattern of that trail greatly undeveloped residual spaces disrupted the network, but the offset from the grid has was already too important to produced. remove and produced irregular
residual space
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views
View from Southwest Boulvard Looking SW
Despite the perceptual barriers presented by traffic and the
View from Southwest Boulvard Looking NE
looming overhead mass of the overpass, the relatively small site visually extends down surrounding streets for several blocks in most directions. The site is ill-defined and bleeds out toward the highway off ramp and down the surrounding streets. Spatially, this site has the potential to extend visually to the adjacent spaces under the highway overpass and down nearby streets, but also needs to be defined as a place.
1” = 50’
site is greatly defined by “the experience of parallax- the change in the arrangement of surfaces defining space due to the change in position of a viewer.” [13] It is negligent to design out of context with such a unique condition influencing the majority of those that would experience it. Exploration into the transformation of the site as well as dynamic views nearby will guide our design development of Triangle Park.
1” = 50’
1” = 50’
The abandoned space located at I-35 and Southwest Boulevard is a very complex site. The small size can easily provide a false illusion that a design solution would be simple. Contrary, an awareness of difficulty arises when the number of elements colliding at this exact moment unfolds. Triangle Park was created out of this complicated intersection and the roads around it define many qualities of the site. Since the primary experience of the space is moving past it within a vehicle, interaction with the
View on 23rd Facing East
View Potentials view boundary view extension Potential Zones main space supplementary space physical boundary
View South from Pensylvania
1” = 50’
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Views from Tr i a n g l e Pa r k
Combined Views
residual space
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Update d Roads = land gained from road diets
The experience at Triangle Park is never static and this quality must also be acknowledged because of the constant evolution of the public realm. The whole city is evolving and we must design to accommodate. There are already speculations about significant changes in the future of our site and we can never expect to complete
something and have its urban context remain untouched. There is an existing city plan that encourages road diets and other additional changes to the infrastructure. It is impossible to approach urban design without expecting change and all we can do is work toward a beautiful city proactively approaching good design.
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residual space
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precedent for other spaces The potential that Triangle Park has to inspire and promote awareness will be greatly influenced by the surrounding community and how they engage the site. People in the area must establish a sense of ownership and be willing to assume responsibility for their neighborhood. The Islands of L.A. and other regenerative median projects throughout the country are prime examples of citizens taking pride in their neighborhood and creating green spaces that are bringing neighbors together and making a statement about space. They have been “giving these interstitial places their own definition in an effort to
spark ideas about the use of public space and to reclaim them as community territory.� [16] These residual spaces are not restricted by any physical qualifications, but have encouraged the use every available site without bias. Examining a precedent with such small dimensions and no previous hope of evolving beyond a disregarded median removes any uncertainty that Triangle Park has the potential to be successful. The success of Triangle Park will require exploration into a variety of solutions that can complement each other and a strategic design that
addresses all of the vital issues. There is a great opportunity to inspire and become an example for other residual spaces throughout the city with a conceptual framework that arouses emotion and stimulates the community, encouraging meaningful design that creates awareness. Triangle Park development will be guided by ideas of change that stimulate our site and our society. We will move forward attentively observing the array of multidimensional influences on the site and strive to project the dreams of the community and propose a space that they can be proud of.
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shared space The site, Triangle Park, was entrusted to the Department of Park and Recreation Department to be protected as community space, shared by all. Any design for the site must mind the original communal intentions for the park.
A city can not be a city without the people. The people are what animate, grow, and bring the city to life. Colin Rowe argues that we are a pluralistic society. He states “a city is a combination of complex networks that are only successful when all live
for the collective whole.� [24] In the past, open discussions and major decisions were made when people met in town squares, plaza and piazzas. This type of interaction allowed for free the sharing of ideas and created a sense communal vitality. Being able to share and
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meet in community allows for us to be up to date with the world and environment in which we live. Public space is what helps us to form our own perception of that world. Public space is the window or mirror of society. It is where we stay,
meet, observe, undertake with or without others, relax and become familiar with or become part of our living environment. “A city is only as good as the sum of its parts.� [23] The public spaces of the community allow for these parts to come together.
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massing circulation: massing study on how to get people to circulate into the park and encourage public use of the space.
visibility/occupy: investigating major sitelines and places where people would be most likely gather
protection: massing study of the site’s relationship with the busy boulevard.
American cities are no longer centrally organized therefore, there is no longer a single place designated for community interaction located at the center of the city. So where does public space occur in the twenty first century? Paul Virilio argues that public space is no longer occurring only in physical spaces within the city. [31] Virtual connection such as cnn, myspace, reality tv and facebook allow for us to feel connected at any place or time of the day without actually being physically connected. “The separation between public and private is becoming blurred.� We are able to get a sense of pubic interaction in the privacy of our own homes
through total exposure of others lives. The convenience of having access to an abundance of knowledge and images of people and events is giving us a false sense of community. The real cost is a decline real community relationships with those we live around. Which goes back to the first concepts that people prosper when they gather together. If we continually choose for surreal relationships over real connections we lose the potential for collective evolution. We must find a way to balance human to human connection and technology. Therefore, a new way of approaching a design for public space is important to fit the culture of today.
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safe interaction Triangle Park possesses great possibility for a design solution of public space. The park is located within the overlap of two different communities. The public space has the potential of being shared by both communities and create a stronger connection between the two in the process. The location is also in the cross section of several major streets and highways of Kansas City. The submersion of the park
relative to the highway system gives potential to mend a gap between the vehicles passing by and the park’s pedestrian occupants. A balance between the technology of the car and the interaction of public spaces is desired to create sustained human connections. A project run in the Netherlands titled Shared Spaces has removed all barriers between the cars and the pedestrians, such as curbs, signs and lines, to create
an open dialog between the vehicles and the pedestrians. What they have found is that streets are actually safer because of the added awareness and responsibility on both sides. Working to create a safe yet shared environment for cars, pedestrians, workers and dwellers is a focus for the design. If this can happen the original communal goal of achieving a community space at Triangle Park shall be achieved.
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demographics In the aforementioned woonerf study, amenities were included to support the local population of children and families through play areas. [22] Bringing children and parents to the park area is desired in order to enliven the space and encourage use by “desirable” populations, creating a feeling of safety and ownership. Without a target group to occupy the park, the space may become the habitat of “undesirable” persons that generate a feeling of uneasiness to other users, resulting in under utilized and avoided space.
In order to customize our design program for the local population, different groups may need to be addressed. The immediate area is home to a variety of businesses, including restaurants, architecture and design firms, and artists. An ideal candidate to occupy and enliven the space could be a live artist. In thriving neighborhoods such as Manhattan and Brooklyn, New York, live art is continually created and displayed in public places. Offering the environment and infrastructure needed to create
and display artwork could be the first step to harnessing the creativity of the area and changing the current dead zone into a live space. Such an environment might include display spaces, seating, a comfortable level of sun and shade, and possible hook-up to electrical power. It will be important to address the safety of automobiles traveling along Southwest Boulevard in regards to attention-attracting displays in the park space; such displays may be better suited farther from this main traffic way, serving as a mere glimpse to these drivers.
Degrees of Activity community/restaurant small business residential vacant/indeterminate
By examining the effect of traffic upon our site and creating solutions such as allowing pedestrians to interact positively with cars in a shared space, imitating the effects of traffic with increased pedestrian activity, engaging artists, or highlighting traffic through technology and lighting. Our design proposal can provide a strong response to this and in turn have a major impact on the triangle park site and its surroundings.
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sun study In an outdoor public space sun is the best source of light and warmth. We wanted to take advantage of what little direct sunlight exists on the site by pairing our programming with the natural daylight of the seasons.
Due to the size and mass of the billboard and overpass direct sunlight is limited to the Northern corner of the site.
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“When I'm working on a problem, I never think about beauty. I think only how to solve the problem. But when I have finished, if the solution is not beautiful, I know it is wrong.� -R. B. Fuller
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architecture redefined Most would argue that successful architecture must be aesthetically pleasing. But what if it wasn’t? Is it preposterous to think that something “ugly” could offer a positive experience, or should it be labeled as visual pollution and void of possibility of being considered architectural? Perhaps it would be more useful to focus on the accompanying experience rather than any tangible form and consider whether or not this is beautiful or provocative. For one could very well argue that architecture itself is not real, but rather is an instrument to facilitate an experience; it is the resulting experience that is considered real. Especially in the American city, the form of architecture is the result of what it does - how it functions. Space comes as residue of necessary structure. In such case, architecture is consequently meaningless. It is built, and then opened for possibilities, much like the city on a different scale. In Shinohara’s “machine” theory of design, the overall
architectural form does not matter - there is no plan or intention behind it. Its role is to set up processes by which spaces form and life happens. We have no power to control that which occurs beyond this. All parts are independent in function and form, and are all attached in an impromptu manner. [25] They do not conform to any preconceived overall arrangement, just as the American city lacks a determined concept for development. At the scale of each building, Shinohara treats each part as a fragmented spatial element; the total image of the building is assembled from the sum of the various relationships established among these elements. The building is in effect an envelope for these relationships. Space is then considered genuine if it comes about without intention. The American city has developed in the same way, each part as an independent element, resulting in a chaotic condition of the city. Furthermore, the significance of architectural form begins to fade as the permanence of architecture loses importance. The city is
the greater representation of our lives’ perpetuating change. We must fit architecture to this condition: it must be pliable; willing to change with us. What the machine theory suggests is the potential for positive space if the contemporary city can effectively express only the beauty of confusion. If we consider our world as it has become: overrun with media, overflowing with simulated images and perpetual information, we cannot deny this “mutation of the real into the hyperreal” [7] as “our only architecture today: including great screens on which are reflected atoms, particles, molecules in motion.” [6] The media in form of advertisements is omnipresent. It is especially prevalent around the site of Triangle Park, and is only becoming more dominant there and throughout the city. Continued growth is projected in outdoor advertising expenditures, as outdoor ranks as one of the largest advertising medium worldwide (alongside television, newspapers, magazines, internet, and radio). Despite
revenue growth, however, outdoor advertising remains one of the least researched of any mass medium. [5] The growth of outdoor advertising has included a considerable increase in the use of nontraditional formats, including street furniture (bus shelters, kiosks), alternative media (arenas and stadiums, airborne, marine), and transit (buses, airports). With unavoidable exposure to content from such a medium, “we will have to suffer this new state of things, this forced extroversion of all interiority, this forced injection of all exteriority.”[6] The challenge lies in incorporating this transparency into a progressive design solution. It is obvious we must reconsider either our goals or processes of design to suit the instantaneous state of our world. This is not to say that we must make art/architecture solely to be successful, but by probing designers to evaluate why they create in the first place, (self-satisfaction, to make a statement to be seen/
understood, etc.) there is possibility for a new archetype of expression to arise. For instance, when considering the future of billboards, Jack Napier, founder of the Billboard Liberation Front,[21] satirically but provokingly suggests that “anyone who doubts that we’ll eventually be seeing a Nike swoosh etched onto the surface of the moon simply doesn’t understand human potential.” There is an opportunity in the realm of billboards that is unobserved. Beyond art or corporate advertisements, a group of people performing a public demonstration could conceivably be considered a living billboard. It does not need to be limited to a physical iteration, but possibly a visual form of interaction, a sound, or an experiment in inflicting a mood onto passersby. Messages can and will be transmitted through flat, dry signage, but they will certainly possess a remarkably longer-lasting influence when experienced instead of simply viewed.
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view facing south from the corner of west pennway and southwest boulevard: (three billboards in the line of sight)
billboards There is an ever-growing opportunity for exploration of progressive, visual messagerelaying design. Especially in an urban environment, visual impact assessments should be an integral part of design and required as new projects are continuously proposed. Various elements of the horizontal and vertical alignment must be studied in connection to the visual impacts of roadside usage. [4] Many different, even conflicting impacts exist at Triangle Park because of its location and varying alignments of the roadways. Therefore it is necessary that investigations and design solutions must be initiated and ultimately proposed in an optical form true to the drivers-by experience. These
include, but are not limited to: how one perceives the rhythms of light and dark, the relationship between peripheral street clutter and open sky, and the connecting transition from one neighborhood to the next, all through the constant frame of the windshield. Yet another issue is prevalent in the case of Triangle Park. The miniature, empty plot is understandably overlooked in its un-manicured, visuallydisarrayed context of excessive large and small billboards, street signs, industrial-sized street lamps, telephone poles, and structural columns. Intervention is necessary to mediate the situation of neglect which is currently encouraging anti-social behavior between the West Side and Crossroads District.
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The design proposition is to make something of this visual clutter. Not to merely dress up and beautify the area in attempt to mask its curb unappeal, but to implement a smart, minimal intervention to enhance one’s experience of/through/with the site. An experience that will dissolve the barriers (and clutter) therein, and will encourage an adaptable, relevant design solution to other struggling residual spaces throughout the urban scene. By “enlisting time as tectonic material, a reconfiguration of the abstract realm of the non-ocular into building material offers the possibility of accessing infrastructures that might otherwise remain hidden. Within instrumentalization of movement, material, and time in the metropolis, is an architectural provision of authentic experience.”[8] Specifically, the design calls for intervention along the streets that carry the drivers to and past the site. This space is where the initial experience is to occur, one that abstracts the phenomenon of traversing through an urban environment
and stumbling upon an influential detail or event. Moving through the form of the city, there are few occasions that manifest themselves in the most unusual or unexpected situations, creating apertures of life that let in the city in fragments. Triangle Park will be one of these apertures. Coming from any of the number of approaches to the site, the park will exist as a moment of wonder. But just as one passes the aperture, life continues. Here is the moment one is either continuing on with a memory, or swiftly forgetting another one of the countless images filtering through the mind. The goal is to have the site be visually interactive as the viewer’s perspective of the site changes, in effect extending the experience as one continues along one’s path. A similar vegetative language will continue along all streets leading to and beyond the aperture, abstracting the visual clutter of poles and signs. The aperture itself will act as a billboard, an interactive message to passers-by of the possibility for the occurrence of life and change in residual,
forgotten spaces. Any physical, structural intervention is minimal and experiential enhancement is for purpose of being inspirational, not for visual ornamentation. While beauty is not always important; experience is infinite. As for the design propositions for Triangle Park, it seems a noble effort to explore the level of inhabitance within an information-dependent context. This common space that everyone drives by, looks at, but does not actually see can be brought to one’s attention because of the reveal of human activity within the space. The design can follow Ito’s argument that “the acts of architecture today should be to discover such a filter for visualization.” [14] If Triangle Park is to be this type of filter; one that brings population to a billboard; it will then be capable of presenting an image beyond that of a traditional advertisement. In order for it to be a success, it must continue to be resultant of the effects of its surroundings, reflecting the context conditions in a modified, positive way.
east-west section looking south
implied space
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development possibilities Exploration into spatial impact by various influences. Trying to see how different context clues could begin to form space.
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precedent studies
Under Spaces 30
Spaces near or under highways are neglected and under utilized in many cities, but can be revitalized into vibrant public spaces. Waterfront Park in Louisville, Kentucky was transformed from an inaccessible area crisscrossed by highways and rail lines to a public park featuring open space, trails, plazas, vendor space, and views of the river. Buffalo Bayou Promenade in Houston, Texas now connects the city’s downtown core to the river under a series of freeways and bridges. The promenade’s 23 acres of parkland include trails, lighting, and flood-control infrastructure. A8ernA, a project in the Dutch city of Zaanstadt, creates retail and recreational uses, including a grocery store and skate park, under a highway that was previously a barrier in the city.
Rain Gardens
Rain gardens along streets and in traffic medians allow recessed planters to capture rainwater as it runs off sidewalks and roads, filtering the water and cleaning it. Rain gardens improve aesthetics and allow for better soil infiltration of storm water runoff. Kansas City is part of a regional “10,000 Rain Gardens” effort to improve storm water management and water quality.
Islands of L.A. 16
“Islands of L.A.” is a social and artistic movement in Los Angeles which seeks to claim residual spaces for community use. Traffic islands are used as gathering places for events such as concerts, tetherball games, picnics, birthday parties, and public discussions. The movement increases awareness of public ownership of the numerous neglected spaces in the city and redefines the islands from “no man’s land” to functional community space.
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Chicano Park 11
Chicano Park is located in Barrio Logan, a Chicano neighborhood in San Diego, California. The neighborhood was disregarded by city leaders in the 1950s and 1960s when zoning was changed to allow industrial uses to enter the neighborhood and when an eight-lane elevated interstate was routed through the neighborhood. In April 1970, residents discovered bulldozers in the process of building a parking lot for a new Highway Patrol station in an area long planned for a park. Residents staged a 12 day long protest, blocking the bulldozers and planting the beginnings of the park. An agreement was eventually reached with the city to develop the area as a park, and subsequently, neighborhood residents and artists established their cultural heritage through the creation of over 70 murals on the interstate’s support beams and structures.
Regenerative Median 1
Traffic medians between street lanes and at intersections consume valuable land that can be utilized for ecological and social purposes. A regenerative median can incorporate community gardens, small farmer’s markets, underground water treatment infrastructure, and open spaces. This concept seeks to enhance the urban environment by introducing green elements and improving the streetscape, increasing community interaction, and creating a valuable “place” out of residual space.
Los Angeles recycled billboards 9
Eco-LogicalART organizes the “ReVisions” public “drive-by” art exhibit, which utilizes a dozen recycled billboards around LA as a potent public art delivery system. Three 10’ x 13’ original works of art are hand painted on the recycled vinyl of a 14’ x 48’ billboard. In effect, not regular museum goers, but everyday people, are catching sight of some inspirational imagery and seeing art in a new way. Ultimately the artwork will be seen over 40 million times. Additional perks include a curtain-drop event for each renewed billboard, serving as inspiration to the community, as well as the two tons and 20,000 square feet of PVC vinyl diverted from landfills.
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design
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Initial design attempts produced a series of panels that were arranged strategically to filter and direct views into the space. The enclosure was too severe and ignored experiences from on the site.
Next we began experimenting with wrapping forms to encompass the entire site and begin to connect under the bridge. Again it was too much of a statement that was undetermined. It blocked most of the available sunlight and ignored ground plane development.
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Design moved forward attempting to simplify the structure by focusing on the elements we thought were necessary to achieve a comfortable space. Addressing the relationship between cars and pedestrian by offering protection but still maintaining visibility with breaks in the structure and translucent materials. However, the wall was too complex and needed simplification for reasons including budget, maintenance and sightlines. A meeting with the stake holders revealed, the wall was being interpreted as a barrier, the very concept we were trying to dissolve. Further development required a design that gave a sense of protection without physically putting up a wall. We refocused our efforts away from a built structure and began manipulating the ground using it to define space and react to the canopy.
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concept In order to serve as an asset to the surrounding communities, we believe the design must establish connection within this fractured environment. Therefore, CONNECTION is the concept guiding our design. We seek to establish a connection through WALKABILITY along the pedestrian circulation routes that cross the site and a vital connection under I35— connecting people to points in the city. We also seek to establish a connection through STAYABILITY by providing
an occupiable, comfortable, and defined site in what is currently “no man’s land”— thus connecting people to the site. Our design is an attempt to connect public space into a more complete and functional arrangement. We have conducted our own research to the analyze the site, including numerous site visits and studies, and also gained a significant amount of information and input from City traffic and planning departments, MoDot, and the Westside and Crossroads neighborhood groups.
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canopy The space beneath the I35 overpass was the first and most vocal constraint from the community. They have had an ongoing battle with birds roosting on the underside of the bridge and have a long history of methods they have
tried to improve the sanitary condition for health department regulations and members of the community. This location in the community is a sore subject and as you can see is still in poor condition. One comment made was. “No one
will ever want to go there until the issue under the bridge is addressed.� Comments like this convinced us of the necessity to incorporate a safe passageway beneath the bridge. We began tracking the birds and marked areas of most
concern. We found that the poop is predominately around columns and high flanges that run the outer length of the bridge. We knew we wanted to provide shelter in these areas but we were realistic in knowing we could never treat everything. The focus for the canopy was to maintain one safe, clean passage for people passing through. It needed to keep poop from landing on people from overhead or on the ground where people walk. This overhead plane also works to illuminate this dark and scary passage at night.
pigeon droppings
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section e 1/2” = 1’0”
canopy cross-section
The canopy covers the entire 9’ sidewalk and is tilted south so birds are unable to land on the structure. The tilt and angles of the canopy allow for cleaning and little amounts of rain water to drain directly into a linear grate that lines the south side of the sidewalk. This
drainage system also supports the rain collection taking place along Southwest Blvd... We learned the weak sewer system in this area tends to be overloaded due to run off of the surrounding area collecting on site where the topography is lowest. We have tiered rocks
to slow the water and allow for infiltration into the soil. We selected a neutral colored rock that would camouflage abundant amounts of droppings and hope the water washing over will provide a self-cleaning system for treating the ground beneath the bridge.
longitudinal canopy section
canopy elevation
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Research was done to determine a material that would be able to withstand the composite of bird buildup, will spray off easily, be rigid enough to prevent perching, yet be light enough to avoid excessive loads to the bridge. We selected a PVC Teflon coated tensile fabric to fit these needs.
Upon speaking with MoDot we determined the height of the canopy to be approximately 10 feet in order to allow for regular inspection of the underside of the bridge to be done with a snorkel lift. They supported the decision to attach the canopy to the underside of the bridge using suspension cable
and bolted connections. We decided this would provide the flexibility of the canopy to be relocated temporarily in the event of a bridge repair . We also discussed dividing the 180’ plane into 24’ segments so to ease fabrication, installation and transportation.
segmentation of canopy structure
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lighting Lighting will be applied from below to wash the underside of the canopy providing ambient glow to the people parking and passing under the bridge at night. Lighting is also implemented along the front of Southwest Blvd. to create a continuous connection through the extent of the site. It will wash along the surface of the pedestrian pathway and peek over its top edge to add a vehicular experience that highlights the front element’s movement as well as pedestrian movement. Lighting is a popular and aesthetically pleasing way to adapt a space. In this case, lighting can be utilized both as an extension of the triangle park space into the
surrounding neighborhoods and as a way to utilize forthcoming technologies to highlight the movement and traffic inherent around the park site. Jason Bruges Studio and Light Projects Ltd. provides numerous examples of adapting technology and lighting to create interactive experiences at the pedestrian and auto scale. These projects primarily seek to develop interest and interaction through technology applied to otherwise typical spaces. Such a project could prove beneficial to attracting users to the triangle park space and highlighting traffic patterns around the site, although other comfort, safety, and environmental needs should not be forgotten in any lighting scheme.
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g:\KC02\0295\Planning\exhibit 4-1a.sht
traffic
In order to maintain this positive walkable condition along the paths of circulation, we needed to address the more dominant conditions of traffic. We met with the traffic engineering department of the city and learned they have an existing plan to narrow the Southwest Blvd. and add diagonal parking along it.
10/10/05
We have worked in conjunction with this plan and are also proposing properly marked pedestrian crosswalks which are currently unnoticeable, narrowing Pennsylvania Ave to the East to provide needed parking, and a closure of the extension of Caesar Chavez
on the South side of site. The road is currently marked as a one way street, however numerous cars a day fail to acknowledge this, which further complicates the already confusing traffic light situation under the bridge. Claiming this land as shared
public space improves safety and simplifies access. The converging traffic on the North side of the site enforces a great deal of stress on pedestrians, so the design aims to enhance the human presence and encourage a healthy relationship between people and cars.
c
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link The concrete pathway extending from under the canopy begins to pull away from the blvd. and rises up slightly from the ground to give the person a sense of assurance as they pass through. Also, the safety
west boulevard elevation 1/4” = 1’0”
curb on the path rises at the point where the presence of cars is most uncomfortable to provide a further degree of protection. It follows the language of all interventions on the site as a folding continuous element.
link elevation
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section b 1/2” = 1’0”
ction c 1/4” = 1’0”
link cross section
rain garden The rising of the pathway also functions in terms of opening the site to serve as an area of rain collection. The site is essentially a valley as the adjacent streets are all sloping down to its half dozen inlets. We propose closing one along the street and creating a highly permeable front curb to support a vegetated rain garden that extends under and beyond the path.
longitudinal link plan
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This creates another positive opportunity for pass by/ pass through experience by incorporating tall native grasses and aromatic plants that will counter the “fowl� smells and poop situation under the bridge. We extended the vegetation up onto the adjacent building wall to tie in the strongest pre-defined element edge of the space and begin to develop the rest of the site. While the canopy and the link work to achieve walkability, the rest of the site and deck area focus more on creating a reason for people to stay.
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deck During several of the stake holder meetings, community members expressed interest in an easily accessible space that allowed them to get out of the office. The deck provides a place to eat lunch, people watch and enjoy some sunshine. The back area of the site is the most appealing place for visitors to stop and stay. It is tucked into the site so that visitors feel protected from the nearby street. It is a safe distance from the shadow and smell of the overpass. It receives the most sunlight year round, yet incorporates tree coverage for the heat of the summer. We wanted to elevate this space slightly to provide a platform for visitors to rest on
while also further defining the east edge of the site. A dialogue with the other components is established by folding up out of the ground with this floating plane. The height toward the top edges helps to mark an entry to the park and also allows for a seated ledge around the perimeter of the deck. Reacting to constraints of the Electric Power Box guided the shape development, which requires a significant clearance on each side. The shallow slope back into the ground allows easy access to all visitors and then the element re-emerges on the other side of the circulation path to define that entry and create another opportunity for seating.
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details deck construction
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structural plan 1/8” = 1’0” b
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structure diagram walkway lighting 2” = 1’0”
column connection 2” = 1’0”
For the materiality of these decking elements, we wanted something more natural and inviting. IPE (Brazilian walnut) was selected because its durability would outlast most other wood and naturally weather to a steel gray without any finish or maintenance, to blend with the other elements on the site. The trees were placed to further establish the East edge but also provide shade on the site. Trees were selected to provide a large enough canopy to shade the deck/parking and also have fragrant blossoms with no fruits or seed to litter or attract birds. Uplighting in the canopies enhances the space at night providing ample footcandles and drawing attention to the natural elements.
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ground plane c
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The rest of the ground space acts as this underlying natural plane that extends into the site under the built elements. We chose reclaimed pavers beginning in a denser pattern that dissolves as you move into the heart of the site. Durability
is required under the parking, but it becomes less dense around the deck, still allowing for stability when walking, and then becomes completely grass before reaching the Rain Garden.
future development The back area of the site is open for circulation across. The size of the narrow plaza at the back was established considering the potential for activation of this southern building. Part of the flexibility in the site accommodates for the ever changing city context that
surrounds this site. There is a good possibility that building could become occupied again and the park development will only encourage reinvestment into this property. The additional space could potentially be reprogrammed as patio seating along their
storefront, extending down and around the existing bench. The transformation of the building would prompt reopening West Pennsylvania Ave., producing more parking along the East side and accessing another vacant parking lot currently near the back end of the building.
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conclusion The ever evolving nature of the city has influenced and guided this whole design process, requiring us to address immediate needs of the community as well as accommodate the potential to encourage community growth. This constant evolution has transitioned our own focus during this process but only to better understand the complexity of the opportunities and constraints affecting the site. We believe that Walkability and Stayability address all of these in the most effective way.
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Prior to working on the Triangle Park project I assumed that the design process was about finding an answer to a single design problem. However, after working through the design for the park over the course of the semester I became fully aware of the continuous nature of problems evolving around the project. The challenge, then, was to solve multiple arising problems as the project evolved, with each problem solved morphing into another seemingly problematic area itself. Being able to solve these problems in a group atmosphere and rising to meet that challenge has been extremely valuable to my professional experience as well.
a high standard and like to be in control of my own projects as a leader. However, after working through the Triangle Park project with my group this semester, I have found the importance of being able to delegate and trust in the talents of others. I have really tried to utilize my strong suites and learn to recognize which strengths to use from my other group members as well. Team work is a very important aspect of getting a design project done. It was good to realize my other teammates strengths and allow them to utilize their natural talents. It is only when each person can make their contribution to the team that the small problems that arise are easily confronted and overcome.
In addition, in years previous I was not sure of my role in a design group. I knew I had I discovered my own talents always preferred to work alone during process as well. I because I always hold myself to typically am quick to see a
janelle solution. I visualize early and easily and it can sometimes lead to my complacency in explaining an idea fully to my group members. Communication is a skill that I have worked to improve throughout this process and I know the importance now of having everyone on the same page equally understanding my ideas and the direction I believe best for the project. Each discipline has a set of values instilled in them from their educational background. Therefore, it is important to fully understand where other teammates are coming from and what they are bringing to the table. This made our group more balanced and provided for a much better end product. The team was most successful when we allowed for each person to utilize their different strengths, while also listening to ideas that came from several
different backgrounds. The end game was to take these individuals, with their ideas and backgrounds, clashing at times, and produce a collective project that accomplished the needs of the communities and pleased the stakeholders. In the end, it was the collaboration that made our project so successful. I know that my time at the Kansas City Design Center has better prepared me for the realities that a career in Interior Architecture will bring. Details such as project schedule, interdisciplinary teamwork, process drawing and presentations are all key aspects of real projects that have been part of our curriculum this past year. I look forward to a smoother transition into my field because of the time I spent working on Triangle Park.
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The issues affecting this site were diverse and very complex, with such strong barriers surrounding the site physically and socially. While dealing with such powerful issues and constraints existing in the built environment was intense, addressing the rift between these two communities and trying, in some way to begin to establish communication and hopefully support positive relationships was a whole new approach to design. How inspiring, that design can bring people together and encourage a better quality of life for so many. I have always felt that good design greatly increases the quality of life and is deserved by everyone but this was a very personal experience witnessing public space affect people in such a positive way. Many preconceptions about design were challenged and
redefined. Examining what architecture and design means to me and venturing away from normal tendencies of additive design to try to work with existing space by simple manipulations and minimum intervention was an enlightening experience. Interpreting what the community needs right now while allowing and hopefully promoting future growth is what we believe is the most effective solution. Forfeiting the desire to dictate the programming of the space and allowing the community to take responsibility to enhance the life of the space was a significant realization. Without the users taking ownership the space will never be successful, and for them to do that requires a space that they can use as they desire. The flexibility necessary
allison for this site to flourish was influenced by the user as well as the context. Awareness of the city around us and more thorough context evaluation has influenced my perception of design and how this everevolving world around us is impacting what we create. We can never design intending that our creation will remain untouched. Responsible design must embrace the culture and society we live in now and to come. The collaboration that was necessary to find the best solution was another beneficial experience. Working together blurred the distinction between disciplines and allowed us to focus on the project collectively. Contribution was never based on background but on personal strengths and encouraged design that
was positively influenced by multiple perspectives. Diversity is always challenging but produces a more comprehensive design. This process has helped me to realize the great potential in collaboration and broadened the scope of my personal design philosophy. The whole studio was a unique learning opportunity that was invaluable. Never before have I been forced to consider such a variety of opinions, constraints, issues, opportunities, restrictions, and possible scenarios. I have never been so overwhelmed on a design project either, but I am now aware of how enlightening this project has been. The exposure to new ideas and perspectives has made me a more diverse designer, better prepared to enter the professional realm.
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fall 09 aug sept oct nov dec
urban plan research
city analysis
triangle analysis folly exploration/precedent research triangle analysis
finalization site analysis schematic design
spring 10 jan feb mar apr may
schematic design initial stakeholder meeting schematic design initial downtown council greenspace committee meeting design development further material research design development finalization/production initial MoDot meeting final critique publication grant submittal
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22 Nelson, A. and O’Byrne, D. Public Art in Street ROW: Civic Interaction at the Park Entrance. (2007). http://www.seattle.gov/ 23 Rossi, Aldo. The Architecture of the City. 24 Rowe, Colin. College City. 25 Shinohara, Kazuo. Chaos and Machine.
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