CMV Classics
May 25, 2016
Joules Magazine INSIDE: A Lesson on Chemical Energy (pgs. 3-4) Chemical Energy Use Around the World (pgs. 7-8)
Cat B., Meli G., Vale T.
Chemical Energy
2
Table of Contents Chemical Craze Cover Page
1
Table of Contents
2
What is Chemical Energy?
3-4
Everyday Use of Chemical Energy
5-6
Chemical Energy Around the World
7-8
Conserving Chemical Energy
9
Rainbow Glow Sticks
10
The Debatable Question
11
Chemical Energy Fun Facts
12
Apple Energy Advertisement
13
Statistics & Graphs
14
Philips Light Bulb Advertisement
15
Number in the News
16
Bibme
17-18
What is Chemical Energy?
3
Chemical energy is potential energy stored in substances or materials like chemical compounds, which are what hold atoms together with chemical bonds. Although, the stored energy releases when the bonds are broken. For instance, human bodies break bonds in your cells and release the energy that the body uses. It is released in a chemical reaction called an exothermic reaction, which produces heat as a by-product, meaning part of the energy that was put into the reaction became heat. Chemical energy is released when a chemical reaction takes place. Through the breaking down of energy through food, chemical reactions become involved by keeping us warm, allowing us to move, and maintaining/ repairing our bodies through the energy produced. The image on the left shows an example of a chemical reaction, where oxygen and hydrogen turn into one atom.
A lightbulb shows chemical energy because since it is a potential energy, it ties into the use of electricity.
By: Valeria Tormo
A fire is an example of an exothermic reaction because it produces heat as a by-product.
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Furthermore, chemical energy also depends on the location of the objects with the energy stored inside. Plants use energy from the sun to make sugar and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. We, and animals, digest the sugar to release energy in order for us to do work. Sugar is digested into carbon dioxide and water, which again, is used by plants to more sugar. Sugar, carbon dioxide, and water are all chemicals held together by chemical bonds. These are forces that hold the chemicals together. Not to mention, plants use solar energy to put the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms together in the form of sugar, which is an example of energy transformation, where energy is changed from one form to another. In this case, solar energy is converted into chemical energy, holding the sugar together and preventing it from falling apart. The image on the left shows the circle of life through plants, where they use energy from the sun to make sure and oxygen from water.
This is an image that shows sugar, carbon dioxide, and water in a small plants, which are all chemicals held by chemical bonds.
By: Valeria Tormo
The image on the left show examples of energy transformation, such as solar light turned into chemical energy through plants.
Everyday Use of Chemical Energy 5 Chemical energy is a type of energy that is released and absorbed during a chemical reaction. In our daily lives, chemical energy is being used all around us. For this to happen, a 1)
substance or substances must change into new substances with different properties.. The chemical energy involved in these reactions is contained within the chemical bonds between the atoms that make up compounds. If no chemical reaction takes place, then there is no chemical energy given off or taken in. In our everyday life, chemical energy is all around us and occurs in our daily lives. On example of chemical energy that occurs in our everyday lives is the cold packs athletes use while playing sports. When the inner pack, which is filled with water, is broken, it reacts with the nitrate granules (in the balls inside) which cause the chemical reaction. As a result of the chemical energy being stored, the temperature of the cold pack decreases. Propane gas from the grill is another type of chemical energy. When the propane gas is burned on the grill for cooking food, there is chemical energy stored in the molecules where the bonds are broken. When the bonds are broken, 2) there is heat that is released for cooking. 1) 2)
This is a picture of Blue Rhino propane because when the gas is burned, chemical energy happens. This is a picture of a cold pack to a foot. When the inner part is broken, it releases a cold temperature which is chemical energy.
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Another example of chemical energy being used in our daily lives is during photosynthesis. The energy that the sunlight gives off is converted into chemical energy. This is stored in the bonds of carbohydrates, the food that the plants make. Eventually, the plants can use this energy for growth and repair. When at a campfire, chemical energy is also present. The energy is where the wood burns. As the burning goes on, the chemical energy is stored in the molecules in the wood. The wood then releases heat and light which starts the fire. This also occurs in lit candles.
One of the biggest examples of chemical energy is in the food we eat daily. The food is a form of stored chemical energy that all bodies use to move around and function in our world. First, solar energy is used to allow the plants to grow to start the process of food. This is then transformed into chemical energy in the plant’s tissues. When the food is cooked, some energy is released from its chemical bonds. This is a result of the heat energy being applied to the food. After the people eat any meal, the digestive process of the food further transforms the chemical energy into a different form that the body can take in and use. The picture to the right is showing that chemical energy happens in the body due to the process of the food we eat when it goes down the digestive system.
By: Catherine Bettridge
Chemical Energy Around the World 7 Chemical energy is used in all countries and states. It is used by some countries because it is efficient to store and it gives off substantial power. Algae, like corn, sugar cane, and wood, use photosynthesis to convert This picture shows how solar energy into chemical biomass energy is converted. energy. They store this energy in the form of oils, carbohydrates, and proteins. The plant oil can be converted to biodiesel, which is why biodiesel is a form of solar energy. Scientists are trying to develop a new form of technology that turns food waste into solid fuels and biodiesel. Biodiesel is a fuel made from vegetable oils or animal fats. It is usually made from soybean oil, but it can also be made from corn This picture shows a symbol oil or used restaurant grease for biodiesel. and oil. Biodiesel is a renewable fuel because we can grow plants in a short period of time to make more biodiesel. Biodiesel can be used instead of diesel fuel or it can be mixed with diesel fuel.
By: Melissa Gaviria
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One of the countries that leads in the use of biogas is Germany which is Europe's biggest biogas producer and the market leader in biogas technology. Biogas in Germany is primarily extracted by the co-fermentation of energy crops (called ‘‘nachwachsende Rohstoffe’, which is German for renewable This picture shows corn as an resources) mixed with example of biomass. manure. A way that UK uses biogas was in 2010, when biogas was injected into the UK gas grid for the first time. Sewage from over 30,000 homes was sent to Didcot sewage treatment works, where it is treated in an anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, which is then cleaned to provide gas for approximately 200 homes. Anaerobic digestion is a collection of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. The United States produces mainly biodiesel and ethanol fuel, which uses corn as a main feedstock or an unprocessed material. The largest biodiesel consumer is the U.S. Army. Biofuels are mainly used mixed with fossil fuels. Biofuels are not just limited to liquid fuels. One of the often overlooked uses of biomass in the United States is in the gasification of biomass. Gasification is the process of converting organic or fossil fuel based carbonaceous material into carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. There is a small, but growing number of people using wood gas to fuel cars and trucks all across America.
By: Melissa Gaviria
Conserving Chemical Energy
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Most of the energy around us comes from different fossil fuels, like petroleum and coal. They provide electricity and gas to function our energy needs used throughout our daily lives, which are nonrenewable, meaning they will never run out. Not only does conserving energy help conserve the resources that exist around us, but it also helps financial savings. A large way of conserving chemical energy is through turning waste into solid fuels and biodiesel. One can grow more plants that create more biodiesel, since it is a fuel made from animal fats or vegetable oils. Not to mention, one can consume less waste or recycle overused waste to create more energy. For example, certain trucks have been made that uses food waste and turns it into fertilizer, which can then grow biodiesel. Afterwards, the biodiesel is sold to different companies that produces electricity. EBMUD is a company in Oakland, California that was the first sewage treatment facility in the nation to convert food-waste to energy. to In other words, this is a way that does not use fossil fuels, which damage the Earth, and is a positive way to produce electricity.
This shows the process of how food waste can be turned into electricity through a long process.
This is an anaerobic digester, where waste is broken down.
By: Valeria Tormo
The reaction emits light in a variety of bright colors. A typical light stick contains hydrogen peroxide and Cyalume, a phenyl oxalate ester. These are kept separate until the stick is snapped. A fluorescent dye glows when excited by energy from this chemical reaction.
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Rainbow Glow Sticks Price per package $2.99 A bright way to light up your party, with these Rainbow Glow Sticks that can be turned into necklaces and hoops to suit your party idea — just push the ends into an included plastic twoway tube connector.
By: Melissa Gaviria
The Debatable Question 11 Renewable energy is energy that is generated from natural processes that are continuously replenished. Some examples of this are sunlight, geothermal heat, wind, and water. This is also a type of energy that cannot be exhausted and is constantly renewed. if the chemical the energy is being produced from is renewable, then the chemical energy will be too. Chemical energy is a renewable resource when it is in the plants from the sun or the biomass from plants. Nonrenewable energy is energy that comes from sources that will run out or cannot be replenished. Chemical energy is a nonrenewable resource when it is in the form of gas or petroleum. Usually, nonrenewable resources are fossil fuels. If an object cannot grow or live again, it is nonrenewable. The picture shows the types of energy that are renewable and the ones non- renewable.
By: Catherine Bettridge
Melissa’s Short Article #3:
A
FUN FACTS
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- Chemical energy is stored inside a substance or object until it is involved in a chemical reaction - Our bodies use chemical energy to perform daily functions - Cooking is a good example of a chemical reaction that releases chemical energy - During an exothermic chemical reaction, chemical energy in the form of heat is released - Plants perform a chemical reaction each time they use sunlight to make their own food during photosynthesis
This picture shows how chemical energy changes the state of a solid or food.
By: Melissa Gaviria
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Apples give you
An apple a day keeps the fossil fuels away! By eating all your meals and creating less waste, less harm would exposed to the Earth. Therefore, less fossil fuels would have to be produced to create energy.
By: Valeria Tormo
Statistically Shown...
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This graph shows the different amounts of world consumption of different fuels and energy forms. The most used fossil fuel is oil, resulting 30%, and after comes coal, with 27%. The fossil fuel used the least is nuclear, with 4.1%.
By: Melissa Gaviria
This image shows oil being used on Earth.
13 15
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Innovation & You By: Catherine Bettridge
16
Numbers in the News There is
7 different types of energy and
chemical energy is one of them.
29% of the total energy used is chemical. Chemical Energy is the type of energy that has been used the most for
11
years. If
50% of food waste created each year
was anaerobically digested, enough electricity would be generated to power over
2.5 million homes for a year.
Just in the United States, energy consumption is said to rise
20% above
current levels over the next two decades.
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18 References Google Images. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.google.com/imghp? hl=en&tab=wi&ei=H0JGV478OaP4jwTs87ToBQ&ved=0EKouCBQoAQ Happy Glow. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.happyglow.com/products/ballsAtth.jsp Homepage - Thames Water - Contact us, pay your bill, tell us you're moving. (n.d.). Retrieved from http: //www.thameswater.co.uk/536.htm How One Company is Turning Food Waste into Electricity. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://waste360. com/operations/how-one-company-turning-food-waste-electricity Jackson, K. (n.d.). Chemical Energy. Retrieved from https://prezi.com/95o9kiquf3cw/chemical-energy/ Jones, B. (n.d.). Chemical Energy. Retrieved from https://prezi.com/fwkofiyoesgd/chemical-energy/ Max Attivo 3d stuff. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://maxattivo.blogspot.com/2011/07/light-bulb-free-3dmodel-standard-with.html PHOTOSYNTHESIS. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www2.estrellamountain. edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPS.html Review of Technologies for Gasification of Biomass and Wastes, NNFCC 09-008. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nnfcc.co.uk/tools/review-of-technologies-for-gasification-of-biomass-and-wastesnnfcc-09-008 Turning Food Waste into Energy at the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www3.epa.gov/region9/waste/features/foodtoenergy/ What is Chemical Energy? - Definition & Examples - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-chemical-energy-definition-examples. html What is chemical energy? (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.eschooltoday.com/energy/kinds-ofenergy/what-is-chemical-energy.html