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SuSTAINAbILITy IN A POST COvID-19 WORLD WhAT DOES IT MEAN fOR ThE DECADE Of ACTION
by Saarah khan
Five years ago, the countries of the United Nations all agreed to adopt the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, outlining 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 associated targets in order to encourage action in “areas of critical importance for humanity and the planet” while balancing the core pillars of sustainable development - economic, social and environmental.
This year marked the start of the Decade of Action to achieve the sustainable development goals by 2030. In his remarks to the General Assembly in January 2020, the UN Secretary-General stated that this decade is “central to achieving a fair globalization, boosting economic growth and preventing conflict.” The progress reports conducted by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) at the end of 2019, show that although there have been strides made in regards to several of the SDGs, for some of the goals, the progress has been too slow and in some cases reversed. The global response simply has not been ambitious enough. The next ten years are a call to action to mobilize all levels of society to attain sustainable solutions to the most critical global challenges.
However, 2020 also brought with it the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been a devastating human tragedy, directly impacting millions, with more than 9 million people having been infected worldwide, and untold indirect impacts. This pandemic has succeeded in effectively bringing the global economy to a halt. It has uncovered “fundamental weaknesses in our global system. It has shown how the prevalence of poverty (SDG 1), weak health systems (SDG 3), lack of education (SDG 4), and a lack of global cooperation exacerbate the crisis (SDG 17).” 1
Inequalities have been magnified and the major progress made on the SDGs and the Paris Climate Agreement is at risk of being reversed. Projections from the UN indicate that we could see the first increase in global extreme poverty in 20 years, with potentially 40 – 60 million people being pushed into extreme poverty 2, due to loss of income to already vulnerable segments of society (SDG 1). The crisis significantly jeopardizes employment gains (SDG 8), food security (SDG 2) and equity in education (SDG 4), especially in developing countries.
The COVID-19 crisis has highlighted an interconnectedness of the SDGs that was not as palpable before. In many countries the effect of the pandemic has been intensified by the “crisis in delivering on clean water and sanitation targets (SDG 6), weak economic growth and the absence of decent work (SDG 8), pervasive inequalities (SDG 10), and above all, a crisis in poverty (SDG 1) and food security (SDG 2)” 3 .
1 & 3 “Amid the Coronavirus pandemic, the Sdgs Are even more Relevant today than ever before”. United nations Sustainable development, 2020, https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2020/04/coronavirus-sdgs-more-relevant-than-ever-before/. 2 “Sdgs: the Challenge to improve lives After the Covid-19 Crisis | inter press Service”. ipsnews.net, 2020, http://www.ipsnews.net/2020/04/sdgs-challenge-improve-lives-covid-19crisis/.
SuSTAINAbILITy IN A POST COvID-19 WORLD:
wHAt doeS it meAn foR tHe deCAde of ACtion (ContinUed)
There is a danger in getting back to ‘business as usual’. With the halt in manufacturing, industry and human activity caused by the global lockdown, there has been a positive impact on the environment, with improved air quality and reduced carbon emissions. However, this does not mean that the environmental challenges have disappeared. Once economies reopen these short-term gains will disappear and will, in fact, be reversed, if businesses, governments and individuals do not implement sustainable solutions. In fact, the director of Europe’s Copernicus Climate Change Service, states that due to the “inertia in the climate system, even if we were to significantly reduce or stop our emissions today, you would still see the increase in temperatures expected for the next 20 years almost unaffected” .
A major theme for businesses in the UN Global Compact 20th Anniversary Leaders Summit in June 2020, was the concept of “Build Back Better”. This disaster risk reduction framework aims to reduce the risk and impact caused by current and future disasters, through creating more resilient communities. Governments have already allocated over $13 trillion to stabilise and restart global economies and support the most affected and vulnerable segments of society. The long-term stimulus packages must be centered around sustainability in order to rebuild a more resilient economy that guarantees job creation, improved health and well-being, reduced inequalities at all levels of society, and includes an effective and ambitious plan to address climate change. Otherwise, we are at risk of building on an unstable foundation that will inevitably inflict greater harm on the people, economy and planet that these packages are aimed at supporting. Given the interconnectedness of the SDGs, there is significant opportunity to use these synergies to address multiple targets with single solutions, essentially killing two birds with one stone. For example, the International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that if there is a focus on climate change as it relates to the energy sector, this can potentially “generate 24 million new jobs by 2030 if the right policies are in place.”
To truly foster resilience to future global challenges, it is imperative to pair the pandemic recovery action with climate action. Investigating the interdependencies between strong global public health systems (SDG 3) and the effect of the climate crisis (SDG 13) is crucial. Warmer climates create perfect breeding grounds for communicable disease vectors that spread quickly without consideration for borders or economic strength. Climate change (SDG 13) affects the rise of waterborne diseases (SDG 6) and respiratory illness (SDG 3) caused by airborne pollution, which causes 4.6 million deaths annually, as estimated by The World Health Organisation. Inequalities in access to quality education (SDG 4), job and food security (SDGs 8 & 3), and clean water sources (SDG 6), also exacerbate the ability to properly treat and contain health crises (SDG 3), as the systems are not well-equipped to handle the problem, especially within marginalised communities, where there is little to no affordable access to health care.
Unless we address the global challenges faced, before and after, this crisis with sustainable development practices and policies, COVID-19 will not be the last, or even worst, pandemic this generation will face.
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