LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
P O RT F O L I O 2017-2021
WANMO QIN
wanmo.qin@gmail.com
EDUCATION Shanxi Agricultural University BSc in Landscape Architecture
Taigu, Shanxi, China September 2014– July2018
(2/67)
University of Sheffield
Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK September 2019 – September 2021
MA in Landscape Architecture
SKILLS & INTERESTS PROFICIENCY
Wanmo Qin
Photoshop AutoCAD Indesign Sketch Up Lumion Office GIS Hand Modeling Hand Drawing
November 12th, 1996 Native Chinese Mandarin Speaker; Proficient in English 07543747847 wanmo.qin@gmail.com qinwanmo1996@hotmail.com Apartment 105, West One Cube, 2 Broomhall street, Sheffield, UK S3 7SW
INTERESTS Hiking Painting Photography Guitar Guzheng
AWARDS Landscape Exhibition Photography Competition (First prize) The Award of Excellent Graduation Project (Top-ranked 92.9/100) • 2018 YUAN YE AWARD International Competition （Nomination Award） • The 7th IDEA-KING International LA Planning & Design Competition （Excellence Award） • Campus Art Competition in Shanxi Province （Second Award) • The 7th XINGNONG entrepreneurship competition for undergraduate (Excellence Award) • •
June 2021 June 2018 May 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2016
SCHOLARSHIPS • • •
Awarded Second-class scholarship of Shanxi Agricultural University (3 out of 67) Awarded Third-class scholarship of Shanxi Agricultural University (5 out of 67) Awarded Chung Hsing inspirational scholarship of Shanxi Agricultural University (Top 2)
December 2015 December 2016 December 2017
CONTENTS 01
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Wuhan Lvya Landscape Architecture Engineering CO.,LTD.
Wuhan, Hubei, China July 2018 – August 2018
Internship, Landscape Designer • Took part in project sites investigation, surveying and mapping • Improved and finalised project report documents • Coodinate with the senior landscape architect in detail design, including detailed masterplan, modeling, construction drawings, using Sketchup, PS , Auto CAD. (Shanxi)Taiguhexu Landscape CO.,LTD. Jinzhong, Shanxi, China May 2016 - January 2018 Internship, Student Team Leader
Internship, Assistant Landscape Architect
Wuhan, Hubei, China July 2017
Assisted the senior landscape atchitect in landscape designing and planning of following projects: QiChun City Cultural and Ecological Leisure Park in Qichun, Hubei Province Tingtao Scenic Area of East Lake ( Liyuan ) Landscape Transformation Scheme in Wuhan, Hubei Province Riverside Park Landscape Design in MingDu Community ,Wuhan, Hubei Province In charge of site survey information collection, participated in masterplan drawing and detailed design stage, write report documents
Professional Experience &Volunteer Volunteer
Living Wall Planting at Yorkshire Artspace Volunteer
Ecological node restoration - Rebuild the connection of the ecological corridor interrupted by gray infrastructure
04 TREE-BASED URBAN DESIGN
Using trees, groves, woodland and forest to develop an ecological, spatial and cultural strategic framework in the context of urban design
March 2020
RETHINKING THE RURAL SETTLEMENT PATTERN
Landscape Architecture Graduation Field Work
April 2017
Muyin Guitar Club of Shanxi Agricultural University
September 2015 - June 2018
Director
ECOLOGICAL CORRIDOR RE-CONNECTION
05
September 2016 - January 2018
Graduation Practice project
LVIA-WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
May 2021
Landscape Architecture Seminar Organizer
02
03
•
Preparation for Planting Experiment of PhD Reserch project
Woodland Creation and Industrial Site Revival in Loxley Valley, Sheffield.
Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment of Potential Site for Wind Energy Development on City/ Peak National Park Fringes, Sheffield.
• Engaged in the company’s market survey before officially operating • Started this company together with tutors • Organized seminars in the studio every two weeks • Participated in the whole process of following projects: Shanxi Agricultural University campus green space design (Gengyuan) project Qingxiangyuan Forest Park design project in Fenyang, Shanxi Province Shanxi and Fengqinhuaxi Forest Park planning project in Huaibei, Anhui Province
Hubei Boke Art and Design Engineering of Landscape CO.,LTD.
REVIVING THE VALLEY
Reorganise the rural space and find a new settlement pattern that balances the traditional and urban life styles,
06
CONSTRUCTION DETAIL
_01
Site Analysis Water Management
Woodland Creation and Industrial Site Revival in Loxley Valley, Sheffield.
es
A
New woodland location
planning stage
the Earth mapped out the potential land for planting new woodland, mainly located in low-quality arable land and pasture.
C D E F
n zo ing
&
Constructed river banks affected t h e r i ve r b a n k e co l o g y a n d destroyed the river bank habitat
5 Stacey Wheel 6 Wisewood Weir
7 Limbrick Weir
off
r Su
nd
La
&
ia
tr es
d Pe
Playing field SSSI Green belt Local nature reserve Water body Woodland Ancient woodland Crop land Cemetery
R
Low connectivity within the site and incoherent movement network with poor condition footpaths
p
Cycling trails Walking trails Road network
u ro yG
nit
Co
Location (Identify the location of the new
Storrs Bridge -The industrial core
woodland by overlapping a series of criterias)
Woodland type selection
MIDDLEWOOD
-Soil type map -upland lowland map -the national vegetation classification
LOXLEY
Crop land
Flood risk from river
Flood risk from surface water
STANNINGTON
0.5 0
2km 1
proposed woodland proposed wetland
pocket park typeA (pure ecological function )
new woodland slow down surface runoff
pocket park typeB (combination of ecological funtion and activity space )
constructed river banks that need to be naturalized
(Develop targeted habitats for the main indicator species and promote the return of severely reduced local species, improve biodiversity)
-connecting fragmented habitats
(connecting isolated green spaces/restoring and reconnecting fragmented aquatic habitats by installing fish passages on weirs)
A site to remember Sheffield's industrial history and culture
A site that provides people with a better quality of life
Surrounding Communities
Species choice for planting
proposed flood storage areas
-creating new habitats
WISEWOOD
New woodland development process
-protecting existing habitats (ancient woodland/wet woodland)
Fig 1, Wood pasture
Create wood pasture instead of dense woodland around existing farms, retain the existing landscape characters and keep the grazing function, while providing a rich mixed habitats.
WALKLEY
0
2km 1
Proposed habitat wetland wet pasture
Existing habitat wood pasture
wet woodland
reservoir pond river
woodland
ancient woodland
Enriching experience
-creating outdoor city (-create continuous walking and cycling routes to contribute to the establishment of the recreational movement network along city’s green corridors)
-improving connectivity (connect surrounding communities with the valley and local places of interest) -multiplying fun (variety of trails/activity spaces)
Celebrating history
-reserve the industrial heritage (Build fish passes on weirs while protecting them as the historical heritages) -reviving the former industrial site (Transform the industrial area into an idustrail park ) -keeping unique characters (keep some structures and use specific materials to maintain the unique industrial characteristics)
Special concerns
WORRALL
local places of interest
Planting patterns Surface runoff
Woodland (existing)
7
1
Urban area
3
4
MIDDLEWOOD
11
2
Potential locations for new woodland Topography (Slope)
Old mill ponds
Cultivating nature
HILLSBOROUGH
Criterias for identifying the location of the new woodland
ALC
typeA
0.5
Poor connectivity to the surrounding communities
u mm
-slowing the surface runoff (create new woodland upstream to slow down the water runoff) -containing the flow (creating flood storge areas/riverside pocket parks to reduce flood risk downstream in River Don) -naturalising the riverbanks (naturalise the structured riverbanks at former industrial site to increase its resilience to flooding)
wet woodland
Flood risk from river high risk Flood risk from river Flood risk from river
Most of the site is located in the green belt. The southern slope is mostly covered by woods, and the northern slope has a large area of es t arable land and pasture ou
n&
A site where wildlife can thrive and live freely
Flood risk from surface water
b Ha
ng
Managing water
typeB
Naturalised banks Hardened banks
cli Cy
A site than can adapt to climate change
Strategies
Legend
ts ita
e us
Aims
8 Hillsborough Weir
A large amount of water flow from the higher land into the steep Loxley valley and then to the Don River in the city center, increases the flooding risk downstream
Woodland creation process
Design stage
doubling woodland cover in the UK by 2030. Friends of
4 Low Matlock Weir
d
o Flo
Planning Stage-Expanding natural base
A B
3 Olive Weir
un
er fac
Loxley Valley is one of the main river valleys in Sheffield which located at the north west of the city, connecting to the peak district. The project aims to revive the Loxley valley by creating new woodland at the northern slope and reviving its industrial core. Maximizing its ecological value by restoring, creating and reconnecting various habitats to improve biodiversity as well as alleviate the flood issues downstream in the River Don. Bringing people into the site by creating continuous walking and cycling circulations, build a place where can generating arts, providing multiple fun and carrying educational missions while contribute to the unique characteristic of the city with its rich natural resources and the industrial heritages. providing a great place for locals and also the wider Sheffield population to relax and explore the beauty of nature.
The government has set a goal of
2 Old Wheel
-the industrial core
PG - Year2 (Final project) Time Individual Work Type Location Loxley valley, Sheffield, UK Academic advisor Anna Jorgensen Tom Wild
Doubling woodland Policy
1 Stacey Bank
Habitat and Wildlife Culture Heritage Quality of Life ley x Lo er Riv in s eir rm W fo nk ba r e Riv Storrs Bridge
REVIVING THE VALLEY
As an industrial city, Sheffield has about 200 water weirs in the Don River catchment (Don Catchment Rivers Trust 2016). These dams will change the structure of the river habitat and limit the migration of aquatic organisms, especially migratory fish species (Freeman et al., 2003, Spilt, 2007) such as salmon and eel.
5
12
8
13
14 LOXLEY
HILLSBOROUGH WISEWOOD
9
15
10
WALKLEY
3
Medium quality agricultural land (Grade3) Low quality agricultural land/ Grassland (Grade 4& Grade 5)
Crop land
steep
Surface runoff
STANNINGTON
0.5
Existing Woodland
Urban area
0
2km 1
tram line
gentle
1 Damflask Reservoir 2 Loxley Chase Wood (proposed) 3 Loxley fishery 4 Post industrial park (proposed) 5 Storrs Bridge wood(proposed ) 6 Wet woodland 7 Loxley Driving range 8 Loxley Chappal 9 Wisewood Cemetery 10 Little Matlock wood 11 Hillsborough Golf Club 12 Wadsley and Loxley commons 13 Robin wood nature trail 14 Loxley valley community farm
national cycling route
cycling trails
bus stop
walking trails
local places of interest
bus routes
access to the site
local communities
Strategic Plan
B
Woodland type selection -Upland & Lowland map
-Soil type map
Upland zone Lowland zone
c a
b
Fig 2,Soil type map Freely draining slightly acid loamy soils Slowly permeable seasonally wet acid loamy and clayey soils Slowly permeable wet very acid upland soils with a peaty surface
Fig 3, upland, lowland zones The site located at the upland and lowland fringe, may therefore be suitable for the types of woodland in both upland zone and lowland zone
-The National Vegetation Classification(NVC)
e d e
h
f
g Fig 4, target new native woodland types
d
Closest potential NVC woodland types: W10/W11/W15/W16/W17 Proposed woodland type Mixed broadleaved and oak-birch woodlands
h j
i
k
d
d
d
k
d d
Section-habitats and wildlife
Wood pasture Woodland Framland&Meadow Pond &Wetland River Wet woodland Ancient woodland
BIRDS Barn owl Song thrush Corn bunting
Grey partridge
Goldfinch Starling
Butterfly
Tree sparrow
Wasp
Linnet
Skylark Lapwing Turtle dove
Yellowhammer
Shrew
Stock dove Whitethroat
INVERTEBRATES
Bee Grasshopper Ant
Harvest mice
SMALL MAMMALS
Hedgehog
3 major Woodland creation funding and grants Woodland Creation Grant (WCG) Woodland Creation Planning Grant (WCPG) Woodland Carbon Fund (Forestry Commission, 2018)
C
Wood pasture
0
50
100
New woodland development process
2
Roach Eel
orchard
Farmland&Meadow
Pond&Wetland
Industrial Park
Young woodland (pioneer species)
3
Wild Black redcurrant currant
4
Yellow rattle
Tormentil
Common toad
Yellow flag
Bittersweet Marsh Yellow Oppositenightshade marigold pimpernel leaves goldensaxifrage
Croncockle Corn Corn chamomile marigold
Mosses
Wood horsetail
Remote sedge
Siskin Crossbill
SMALL MAMMALS
Wet woodland
Ferns
Redpoll
Otter
Newt
Willow tit
Heron
Grass snake
Wet woodland
Wet woodland River Loxley
River Loxley
Grassland/Meadow species
Red hemp nettle
Natural colonisation stage
Meadowsweet
BIRDS
Common frog
-waterways support many species of fish, In turn, these rich supplies attract otters and other predators such as herons. -Fsh passes are installed on the old water weir so that the salmon and other migrating fish species can return to the spawning ground in the upper reaches of the river.
Wet woodland species
The new woodland connects the existing green corridors, provides more habitats with mixed landscape, supports more diverse wildlife, and at the same time provides a good place for recreation. ,provides ecosystem services for climate change mitigation,
Seedling stage (after planting)
Perch
Marsh tit
REPTILES AMPHIBIANS
Grayling
Brown trout
At a national level, the index of 12 specialist farmland bird species (corn bunting, goldfinch, grey partridge, lapwing, linnet, skylark, starling, stock dove, tree sparrow, turtle dove, white throat and yellow hammer) declined by 70% between 1970 and 2016.(Great Britain, 2020) All of these were widespread breeding species in the Sheffield area
Woodland
250m
Pike
Main indicator species
Bat
Salmon
Stickleback
New woodland
1
Moth
FISH
Main suitable habitat types for species
-High humidity supports the growth of mosses and ferns -The combination of dead wood and damp conditions provides other ecological benefits -provide cover for mammals such as otter, and support several bat species. -provides breeding and hibernation spaces for reptiles and amphibians -provided foraging habitats and for all kinds of bird species
Encourage the creation of new hay meadows and the planting of ‘arable weeds’ and meadow species to provide food plants for bees, butterflies and other insects.
TREES
Ancient woodland species Oak
Sycamore Hazel
Beech
SHRUBS Beacon Wood
Mature woodland
Hawthorn Holly Rowan Bramble Whitebeam Elder
HERBES
Farmland&Meadow
River Loxley
Wetland
River Loxley Ancient woodland Woodrush Bracken
Yellow Wood archangel sorrel
Bluebells
Wood anemone
Design Stage-Reviving Industrial Core
1 4
2 3
Reviving industrial core
7 5 6
Cultivating nature
-Reserve -Revive -Re-naturalisation
8 9 _Site location for design focus
10
-Create -Tramsform -Preserve
(Demolish the whole structure /preserve steel frames)
Enriching experience -Explore the Industrial spirit -Build the education mission -Experience the nature
1km
0.1 0.5
0
1
2
D
3
4
5
6
Species choice for planting
Trees
7
8
9
10
* Species shown on masterplan
Shrubs
Grasslands and heaths
*Sessile oak (Quercus petraea) *Hazel (Corylus avellana) *Downy birch (Betula pubescens) Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) *Holly (Ilex aquifolium) Elder (Sambucus nigra) *Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) Common gorse (Ulex europaeus) *Beech (Fagus sylvatica) Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) Crab apple (Malus sylvestris) Guelder rose (Viburnum opulus) Aspen (Populus tremula) Wayfaring tree (Viburnum lantana) Gean (Prunus avium) Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) Wych elm (Ulmus glabra) _Woodland structure after 20 Years 30m 25m 20m
proposed habitats existing habitats
The natural base Buildings to be preserved to be transformed to be demolished
Heather (Calluna vulgaris) Bilberry/blaeberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) Wavy hair-grass (Deschampsia flexuosa) Bell-heather (Erica cinerea) Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) Common bent (Agrostis capillaris) Sheep’s fescue (Festuca ovina) Tormentil (Potentilla erecta) Heath bedstraw (Galium saxatile)
0.5
Existing Habitats River corridor Pond Ancient woodland Wet woodland Woodland Farmland/Pasture
Proposed Habitats New woodland Meadow Orchard Wetland Naturalised river banks
15m 10m 5m
l
ny
h
rc
bi
k oa
e az
ow
H
D
ly
ol
an
ile
ow
ss
H
R
Se
h ec
Be
A1
5
5 0
50 25
New woodland
Leisure activity space Educational fuction space Natural exploration sapce Spatial connection
1km
0.1 0
New woodland reduce surface runoff New woodland Surface runoff Naturalised river banks Flooding risk zone low risk Constructed river banks Pocket park high risk
Tree top walk
Bicycle stand cycling trails Riverside trails Green trails
Car park Vehicle circulation Pedestrian trails (proposed) Pedestriantrails(existing) Access Main Access Vehicle Access
Masterplan Tree Sessile oak
A1
Playground Loxley fishery
Downy birch
Woodland
Claremont House
Rowan
b
Pocket park
Beech
a
Water treatment works
c
d h
Weir e
f
l
A2
j
w m
n
Open areas within new woodland
Old wheel Farm
p
o
q
Mill pond r
t u
Naturalized river bank
Grant assistance is provided by UK government to encourage the establishment of woodland on farms, especially on improved pastures and arable land
Playground
Pioneer trees
v
-Some pioneer tree species such as birch may help to create conditions more suitable for slower colonisers such as oaks or beech to establish themselves later
x
Old mine
y
Planting patterns
Wood edge café
2 - Va r i e d c l u m p s i z e increasing diversity in new native woodland
3-Varied spacing between clumps increasing diversity in new native woodland
River Loxley
m Natural museum/Shop
(Bird food/Binoculars/Telescopes/Gifts)
n Wetland trail o Viewing point p Woodland trail q Campsite r RV camp s Boating t Visitor centre u Welcome square v Industrial museum/gift shop w Riverside trail x Mixed use nursery (Steel framed glass house)
z
Beacon Wood (ancient woodand)
1-Using pure clumps or clumps with two or three well-matched species to develop mixed woodland
Legend a Riverside library b Storrs bridge inn c Riverside café d Temporary market e Steel square f Art studio g Exhibition hall h Outdoor cinema i Viewing platform j Rooftop walks k Wood edge bar l Natural trail
s
w
Disturbed sites
F
Hazel
Wetland
Special concerns -Reduce the possible drawbacks of the large-scale establishment of a new native woodland (due to a limited structural diversity) -Allow for future natural colonisation to occur gradually, thereby spreading the age structure of the wood. (Forestry Commission,2018)
Shrub
Orchard
g
i
E
Holly
Meadow
k
y Shop /café z Wet wood trail Wet woodland
4-Alowing enough room around shrubs to prevent excessive shading by adjacent trees
Exhibition hall
Steel square
Steel framed rooftop walk
Woodland
A2
A1
B1 B2
a
Section Index
A2 C1
C2
i d
b
Pocket park improve the resilience of the river during floods
c h
B1
e
B2
_Close-to-nature fish passage existing weir crost submerged
f
ridge rocks existing old weir
Bottom rock ramp A solution to solve the longitudinal connectivity problem in river corridor while protecting the industrial heritages as well as integrate into the surrounding landscape. case: rock ramp built on flat sloping weir
resting poor
g 6 Post-industrial Park a Grove gallery b Rooftop walk c Temporary market d Outdoor cinema e Riverside café f Art studio g Exhibition hall h Steel aquare i Event lawn j Riverside walk
7
j
Proposed rock ramp fish passage
Connect Protect Improve Beautify habitat heritage water landscape quality
characters -extending over entire river width -rocky ramps with gentle slope -imitate the condition of a natural river (with rich structural diversity) -natural-looking pattern
Illustrations & Sections
5 Educational fuction space
Build the education mission
1 Proposed woodland -Bird viewing
2 Nature trail -Viewing platform
3 Proposed wetland - Nature exploration After
4 Mill pond -Boating Before
1 3 2
4
-Riverside Walk -Green Walk
Experience the nature
5 Mix-used nursery (Steel framed glass house) The corroded roof of the abandoned factory building will be demolished, natural sunlight will be introduced, and the steel frame structure will be preserved and transformed into a mixed-use nursery, connected to shops and cafe at one end.
6
Leisure activity space
Old Mine
Explore the Industrial spirit Mix- used nursery River Loxley 5 0
C1
50m 20
C2
_02
LVIA-WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
METHODOLOGY 1
Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment of Potential Site for Wind Energy Development on City/ Peak National Park Fringes, Sheffield. Time PG - Year2 Group Work-3 people Type Location Sheffield, UK
2
6
4
Visual Sensitivity
5
Landscape Value
Landscape Sensitivity
7
SITE CONTEXTS
Sustainable
and the individual elements contributing to character)
4 • Visual Sensitivity (in terms of a combination of factors such as views,
Landscape Capacity
visibility, the number and nature of people perceiving the landscape and the scope to mitigate visual impact.)
7 Landscape Capacity is the ability of a landscape to accommodate different amounts of change or development of a specific type.
Potential Sites Selection
Energy requirements
Distance from residential properties
Height of the turbines
Distance from public roads
Spacing between turbines
Distance from national conservation
Placement of the turbines
Topographic slope
Residents Visitors Commuters(vehicle, pedestrian) Exercisers(cyclist, runner) Outdoor worker(Farmer)
Final Layout of Wind Turbines
9
3 • Landscape Character Sensitivity (in terms of both its character as a whole
Matrix②
Wind Turbine Selection
Comparatively Cheap
The site located at the north-west part of Sheffield, stretching from Wharncliffe Side in the east to Mortimer Road in the west and encompassing a large area of the Peak District National Park.
After the landscape character types and areas has been determined. A series of techniques and criteria will be used to evaluate the Capacity and Sensitivity of the landscape. adverse impact on its character. It can be defined as embracing a combination of:
Analysis of Visual Receptors Environmentally Friendly
landscape types occur.
6 Landscape Sensitivity is the degree to which the landscape can accommodate change without
8 Zone of Theoritical Visibility(ZTV)
ADVANTAGES OF WIND ENERGY
2 Landscape character types are defined as distinct types of landscape that are relatively homogenous in character.Landscape character areas are the unique individual geographical areas in which
Relatively High Capacity Areas
Criteria
-The UK has the best wind resources in Europe. -Renewable energy creat new jobs, especially the wind energy. -Getting more renewable energy across the UK can give us much more security and a greater degree of energy independence. -Renewable energy support the UK’s transition to a green economy.
This process involves the following steps: Step 1: Defining the purpose and scope Step 2: Desk study Step 3: Field survey Step 4: Classification and description It results in the identification of landscape types and/or landscape character areas. The end product of the characterisation process will usually be a classification and map of landscape types and / or areas together with descriptions of their character and identification of the key characteristics which are most important in creating character.
Matrix①
RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE UK WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
landscape, identifying areas of distinctive character, classifying and mapping them to assist in managing change in the landscape.
Landscape Character Types and Areas
3 Landscape Character Sensitivity
Facing with growing international concern for issues of global warming and climate change, the UK government has declared a commitment to reduce the UK’s net emissions of greenhouse gases by 100% relative to 1990 levels by 2050. And Sheffield City Council is working towards the goal of becoming a zero-carbon city by 2030 in its deliberations about future wind energy development in the area to the west of the City. This project aims to make a decision about how wind power development might be located in the study area in a way which is appropriate to landscape character and takes account of likely community responses, while also, as far as possible helping to achieve appropriate conservation, restoration or enhancement of the landscape. The scale of the development requires to generate at least 10MW of power. This will be undertaken through reviewing the previous judgement of the capacity and sensitivity of the study area to provide renewable wind energy, to carry out visibility analyses and a series of visualisations.
1 Landscape Character Assessment(LCA) is a systematic way of analysing and describing
Landscape Character Assessment(LCA)
Viewpoints Selection 9
Visualisation
5
This should reflect: • the landscape resource caused by changes in the elements and characteristics of the landscape (Landscape Character Sensitivity) • visual amenity of potential viewers as a result of the introduction of the wind farm in views of the landscape (Visual Sensitivity) • the value attached to the landscape or to specific elements in it (Landscape Value) Landscape Value The relative value that is attached to different landscapes by society. The relatively suitable areas for wind turbines will be visualized on landscape capacity map. Then a series of criteria will be used to screen potential sites within the areas of relatively high capacity as well as the most suitable wind turbine type.
8 Zone of Theoritical Visibility(ZTV) An area within which a proposed development may have an influence or effect on visual amenity.
The ZTV for this scheme have been processed using a DTM based on Ordnance Survey Landform Panorama data and produced using ESRI ArcGIS Spatial Analyst. The results of the ZTV have been overlaid on a greyscale 1:50,000 Ordnance Survey map. The judgement of the best site for the wind farm is according to the degree of negative visual effects that caused by the proposed wind turbines towards a wide variety of visual receptors such as residents, visitors in green spaces, parkland and national natural conservations as well as commuters and outdoor exercisers. Residents as the main receptors, will be evaluated through the number of settlements within the area where the proposed wind tuebines is visible. This number will be compared between the different potential sites for the wind turbines in order to select the relatively suitable sites or eliminate the unsuiable sites. And then other receptors will be taken into account to determine the most suitable site. The location of the viewpoints from which visualisations have been created were selected from different distences, angles, as well as from different receptor's views.
9 Visualisations are illustrations that aim to represent an observer's view of a proposed development.
The methodology for production of the visualisations will be based on the Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (2002) and Scottish Natural Heritage’s Visual Representation of Windfarms: Good Practice Guidance (2006). The visualisations used in this project take the form of photographs (Screenshots of Google street view) from representative viewpoints.
LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT(LCA) CHARACTER TYPES AND AREAS
Landscape Character Types A. Woodland Stream Corridor B. Upper Moorland C. Farmland with Wood D. Hillside Fields E. Woodland Reservoir F. Upper Open Fields G. Urban Fringe H. Settled Valley Fields I. Valley Pasture
N
0
1000
m 4000
2000
J. Grassy Moorland K. Pasture and Moorland
Landscape Character Areas 1. Ewden Beck 2. Bradfield Dale 3. Broomhead 7. Brightholmlee 8. Burnt Hill 4. Wigtwizzle 14. Tinker Brook 5. Ewden Village 6. Kirk Edge Road 9. Oughtibridge and Wharncliff 10. Sunny Bank 11. Low Flett Farm 12. Heads Lane 15. Salt Spring Grassy Moor 13. Salt Spring Pasture &Moor
SENSITIVITY AND CAPACITY
LANDSCAPE SENSITIVITY
Level of sensitivity
LANDSCAPE VALUE
0
m 4000
1000 2000
Medium Medium High High
N
0
1000 2000
Open Arable Farmland
From a review of existing landscape character assessments and the generation of a new landscape character assessment specifically for the current study, the following sketches and photos show the key characters of the potential areas 6,8,9.
Gently Rolling Landform
Stone Walls
Level of value
Medium Medium High High
6
LANDSCAPE CHARACTER OF POTENTIAL ARAES
m 4000
N
8 Pasture
Farmhouses
LANDSCAPE CAPACITY Fragmented Fields Dry Stone Walls
9
Level of capacity Low Medium Low
N
Medium 0
1000
2000
m 4000
The sensitivity and capacity assessments show the ability of each landscape area to accommodate the development of wind turbines.
Pockets Green Space View to the Valley
• Broad valley with undulating landform • Pasture fields surrounded by scattered boundary trees and some areas of deciduous woodland • Small to medium irregular fields, enclosed by dry stone walls • Historic farmhouses and more recent farm buildings • Extensive land-use, both residential and farmland • Intimate areas created by landform, tree cover and built form • Fragmented, interrupted feel • Open arable farmland located on an upland setting, with a gently rolling landform • Dominated by large fields which are enclosed by stone walls, with some patches of smaller fields • Low biodiversit y du e to very sparse tree cover, lack of hedgerows and homogeneity of landscape • Exposed and bland feel, with panoramic views • Settlements on a slope near the valley floor • Green space comprised of pockets of woodland, amenity greenspace, urban fringe fields, parks and gardens • Mixed low-rise housing types with a variety of architectural styles and quality • Rural village feel, which is busy with people and traffic. The lowquality 20th century buildings create conflict with the more historic ones, giving a disjointed effect
WIND TURBINE SELECTION
POTENTIAL SITES SELECTION SEPARATION DISTANCE FROM RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES
WIND TURBINE SCALES AND CONFIGURATION
HOUSEHOLD 350m BUFFER
Household
Pylon
Legend Relatively High Capacity Area 350m Buffer Area
Woodland
0 200 400
EXAMPLE TURBINE
Micon M 450
Aeronautica 47-750 Enercon E-82 E2
Vestas V150-4.2
HUB HEIGHT
30m
50m
85m
110m
ROTOR DIAMETER
24m
47m
82m
150m
POWER OUTPUT
0.2MW
0.75MW
2MW
CONNECTED TO
House or farm
House or small business Farm or large business
800 1200
m 1600
HOUSEHOLD 200m BUFFER
The 350m household buffer is provided according to the acceptable level of noise. However, it restricts the location of potential wind turbines. According to the safe separation distance for smaller wind turbine, the distance should be at least more than 138m, a balanced distance of 200m is chosen as an acceptable separation distance from Residential Properties for safety.
Legend
• Noise limits suggest a minimum separation distance of 350 metres for a typical wind turbine. (Planning For Renewable Energy – A Companion Guide to PPS22, 2004) • Safety requirements would be satisfied by separation distance of 10 times the rotor diameter from any occupied property. • A safe separation distance for a smaller individual wind turbine is the height of the turbine to the tip of the blade plus 10%. (Planning Policy Statement 18 ‘Renewable Energy’ para 1.3.50 – 1.3.52).
Relatively High Capacity Area 200m Buffer Area
N
0 200 400
800 1200
m 1600
N
SEPARATION DISTANCES FROM PUBLIC ROADS ROAD 100m BUFFER
ROAD 200m BUFFER
4.2MW
Community, farm or large business
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS Legend
Legend
Relatively High Capacity Area 100m Buffer Area
Relatively High Capacity Area 200m Buffer Area 0 200 400
800 1200
m 1600
N
0 200 400
800 1200
m 1600
N
SEPARATION DISTANCE FROM NATIONAL CONSERVATION & SLOPE
SLOPE
NATIONAL PARK WIND TURBINE LOCATION SIMULATION
MORE ENERGY
MORE IMPACT
LESS VISUAL IMPACT
LESS IMPACT
WIND TURBINE SELECTION
Wind turbines can generate more energy in exposed upland, and less in closed woodland, However, wind turbines placed in less exposed place can generate smaller visual impact. At the same location, although large wind turbines can bring more energy than smaller wind turbines, they also bring more visual impact and noise.
Legend Value
Legend Relatively High Capacity Area National Park Area 0 200 400
800 1200
m 1600
N
0 200 400
800 1200
m 1600
N
• Wind turbines should be set back at least fall-over distance (the height of the turbine to the tip of the blade plus 10%) from the edge of public roads.(Planning Policy Statement 22 on Renewable Energy) • A turbine is not allowed within topple distance (Total height of the turbine which equals hub height plus rotor radius) of a highway. (Bedfordshire Highways’ working practice) • A minimum separation distance of 200 metres is acceptable for routes.(The British Horse Society advisory statement, April 2010) Only very small turbines(at least less than 25m) would be considered to put into national park and it should consider the significant impact on landscape or wildlife concerns. So we prefer to avoid the national park area to minimize the impact on the Peak district. Slopes are less than 20% is considered to avoid difficult access and strong inclination especially when it comes to construction transport.
• The place proposed for wind turbines should not adversely affect conservation objectives and sites of national wildlife importance.(Wind farm development and nature conservation(WF1) • Only very small turbines would be considered in national conservation area. • Onshore wind farms should take terrain into consideration including height change and slope curvature.
POTENTIAL SITES Legend Site Boundary National Park
Appropriate location and sizes are taken into account when it comes to selection for the wind turbine. Wind turbines placed in an exposed upland area can generate more energy than placed in a less-exposed woodland. From an aesthetic point of view, large wind turbines bring more visual impact and negative noise impact on residential areas and require larger windfarm sites compared with medium and smaller wind turbines. Therefore, a balance between energy and visual impact should be considered. Also, the requirement for distance between wind turbines should not be neglected. The Enercon E-82 E2 turbine(85 meters Hub Height, 82 meters Rotor Diameter, 2MW power and minimum 123m distance between turbines) of moderate size and wind power are chosen through comprehensive consideration. In order to meet the requirement of minimum 10MW wind power supply, 5 turbines are needed.
11
0-4.2 4.3-9 9.1-16 17-20 21-82 Relatively High Capacity Area
The 200m road buffer is provided according to the acceptable distance from roads. However, it takes up much space for the potential location of wind turbines. So 100m is considered as a more acceptable distance from roads and paths which is close to the topple distance of a highway.
Household 200m Buffer Area Road 100m Buffer Area
4 2 1
0 200 400
800
1200
m 1600
N
3
Slope Area(> 20%) Potential Sites Unqualified Sites
Take the chosen turbine number (5), size (Hub height 85m; rotor diameter 82m) and distance requirement between the wind turbine (at least 123m) into account, there are limitations on the area and size of the sites. Therefore, 4 areas are qualified to be potential sites for wind farms.
TESTED WIND TURBINE CONFIGURATIONS WIND TURBINE ZTV ANALYSIS
SITE 1
SITE 2
SITE 3
SITE 4
Legend Area visiable to 1 wind turbine
Area visiable to 3 wind turbines
Area visiable to 5 wind turbines
Site Boundary
Area visiable to 2 wind turbines
Area visiable to 4 wind turbines
Wind Turbines Location
Distance buffer(0.2km,0.5km,1km,2km,3km,5km)
0
Analysis of Main visual receptor
ROAD NETWORK Turnbine Influence Scale
0-200
200-500
Total 2000-3000
3000-5000
1
0
5
14
835
1284
7967
10105
2
0
4
36
1416
811
7518
9785
3
0
19
360
1221
954
9522
12076
4
0
252
879
1133
693
7411
10368
200-500
More Important
1000-2000
Less Important Proportion(%) of Area invisible to Turbine within 10km radius
House Property Number (Visiability < 2km) 2400
100
2264
2000
96
1600
1456
1600
92
1200 800
90.9
84
91.9
86.9
88
854
82.9
400 80 0
1
2
3
4
Potential site
1
2
6000
9000
m 12000
N
ANALYSIS OF OTHER VISUAL RECEPTORS
House Property Number (within ZTV) Area
1500 3000
3
4
Potential site
Main Visual Receptor: The diagram shows site 2 has the least number of household while site 1 has less number than other areas in the first four lists within 2km which is a more important scale for visibility. Site 3 and 4 share similar proportion of area where turbine is invisible within a radius of 10km that much higher than the other two areas. However, the number of house property of site 4 where turbine is visible within 500m is at least 10 times higher than other sites, having much more negative impact on household close to the wind farm. After a preliminary comparison of the number of household within ZTV and area of invisibility to turbine in 4 sites, site 1 and site 3 are concluded as more suitable sites for wind farms.
GREEN SPACE
MOVEMENT HEATMAP
Legend vitality High
Legend
Legend Main road
0
400
800
Medium Low
Green Space
m 1600
N
Selected Site 2 visibility area (Excluding common area)
Site Boundary
Site 3 Wind Turbines
Site 1 Wind Turbines
Selected Site 1 visibility area (Excluding common area)
Other Visual Receptors: In addition to main visual receptor—residents, other visual receptors are also taken into consideration, such as visitors in green gardens, parkland and national natural conservation, commuters and exercisers. Excluding the overlapped visibility areas of 1 and 3, different areas of site 1 and 3 are compared in the context of green space area, main road area and high vitality movement area (mainly cycling and walking). It can clearly iditified that the selected visibility area of site 3 has much less impact on other visual receptors than site 1 within 10km radius area. Overall, considering the different visual receptors within the visiability area, site 3 is concluded to be the most suitable place for wind farm.
FINAL LAYOUT OF WIND TURBINES Through the consideration of a series of factors including technology, energy requirements, spacing, height and number of wind turbines, The Enercon E-82 E2 turbine (85 meters Hub Height, 82 meters Rotor Diameter, 2MW power and minimum 123m distance between turbines) are selected as the model for final application. (according to minimum requirement of 10MW wind power supply, 5 turbines are needed.) Based on the results of the ZTV for four potential areas, as well as the degree of negative visual effects that caused by the proposed wind turbines towards a variety of visual receptors, site 3 was selected as the most suitable site for the wind turbines. As shown on the map, 5 wind turbines will be placed on the site with grid layout.
VISUALISATION
VISUALISATION WITHIN 2000M
TURBINES LAYOUT
VIEW POINT 1- View from Burnt Hill Ln (200m from proposed wind turbines)
N
VIEW POINTS SELECTION
0
1
2
4km
Legend
Proposed wind turbines
The location of the viewpoints from which visualisations have been created were selected within the Zone of Theoritical Visibility (ZTV) which covered different distences, angles, as well as different receptor's views in order to fully reflect the visual impact of the proposed wind turbines to the landscape. Selected viewpoints were divided into two groups based on significant differences in the degree of visual impact caused by turbines from different distances: within 2000 metres from the wind turbines; more than 2000 metres from the turbines.
VIEW POINT 3- View from Burnt Hill Ln (500m from proposed wind turbines)
VIEW POINTS
6 5 1
2
3 4
VIEW POINT 5- View from Kirk Edge Rd (900m from proposed wind turbines)
9
7
8
10
N 0
13
Legend
Site Boundary
2
4
wind turbines
8km
view point
VISUALISATION OUT OF 2000M VIEW POINT 2- View from Burnt Hill Ln (200m from proposed wind turbines)
VIEW POINT 7- View from Skyehouse Ln (3500m from proposed wind turbines)
VIEW POINT 8- View from Stannington Rd (4000m from proposed wind turbines)
Proposed Wind Turbines
Proposed Wind Turbines
VIEW POINT 4- View from Towngate Rd (1000m from proposed wind turbines)
VIEW POINT 10- View from Fulwood Ln (8000m from proposed wind turbines)
VIEW POINT 9- View from Penistone Rd (5000m from proposed wind turbines)
Proposed Wind Turbines Proposed Wind Turbines
VIEW POINT 6- View from Brightholmlee Rd (1000m from proposed wind turbines)
Proposed Wind Turbines
VISUAL RECEPTORS Vehicle
Bus Station
Residence
Farm
Visitor
Pedestrian
Cyclist
Runner
_ CITY FABRIC Wushan Lake Xiangu Mountain
Caiao Reservoir
SITE
Wuxue Avenue Mayang Highway
As a city along the Yangtse River, Wuxue consists of its hills and waterways forming the main green network. Wuxue Avenue is located in the north of the city, as the main road of the new city area, it is 50 meters wide and 8 kilometres long. The avenue cuts off the original ecological corridors and has a huge impact on the natural environment. It has also caused the fragmentation of habitats, posing a threat to wildlife. Therefore, this project aims to restore ecological nodes at the places where corridors cut off by the avenue, Rebuild the connection of the habitats on both sides of the road. According to the planning guidance from the government, sites for creating green space are reserved along the main intersections and some locations where road meets rivers. The road passes through a rich and diverse environment, including grasslands, fields, ponds, wetlands, rivers, channels, reservoirs, lakes and open green spaces. These different elements form a series of spaces with diverse landscape characters contribute to the green infrastructure of the city.
N
City Centre 200 Yangtse River
_03
0
2000m 1000
ECOLOGICAL CORRIDOR RE-CONNECTION
Ecological node restoration - Rebuild the connection of the ecological corridor interrupted by gray infrastructure Time UG - Year4 (Final project) Individual Type Location Wuxue, Hubei, China _ The Nomination Award in 2018 YUAN YE AWARD International Competition
15
Sketch
_ CONCEPT
_ THE SITE
Urban open space Mountain Area Urban Canopy Green space Field
The original ecological corridors were "cut off" by the road. The ecological network is fragmented. The focus of the project is to establish connections between natural patches and reduce the damage caused by the large scale gray infrastructure of the city. The intersection of the original e co l o g i c a l co r r i d o r a n d t h e planned road is the main focus areas of the project.
Origin
Road=Barrier
Re-connect
Reservoir Lake Pond Canal
Existing Building Developing Zone Ecological Corridor
Residential Office Medical Health Campus Commercial Public Administration Industrial
Main road Secondary road Path Main road (proposed) Secondary road (proposed)
Restoring hard and gray infrastructure to a soft, ecological one; By using the landscape as an infrastructure, making the degraded ecosystem re-enter the natural succession process, and re-establishing a complete ecological networks.
Draft Proposal
_ MASTERPLAN
_ PLANTING STRATEGY Month
N
Nandin
Wushan Lake
Osmanthus
2000m
200 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Koelreuteria paniculata
Photinia glabra
1000
Cotinus coggygria Rhododendra Photinia serrulata Citrus Loquat China Loropetal Ginkgo Oleander
Xiangu Mountain
Gardenia
Osmanthus fragrans(Thunb.)lour.
Populus tmentosa Carr.
Platanus orientalis L.
Wuxue Avenue
Nandina domestica Thunb.
3
Koelreuteria panicculata Laxm.
2
Liquidambar formosana Hance
1
Leaf stage Fruit period Flowering period Color leaf stage
Spring
17
Yangtse River
Autumn
Canal
W
Woods Orchard Field Cyperus alternifolius Linn.
Thalia dealbata Linn.
Wetland
Wuxue Avenue
8 8 Leisure Space
4 0 5
A-A Section
Hilly Area
Juniperus chinensis (L.) Ant.
7 Ecological Island
Cedrus deodar(Roxb.)G.Don
9
Ginkgo biloba L.
6
Bischfia polycarpa(Le'vl)Airy Shaw
Citrus reticulata Blanco
Loropetalum chinense(R.Br)Oliver
Ligustrum vicaryi Rehd
Michelia maudiea Dunn Magnolia grandiflora L.
Metasequoia glyptostroboides Huet Cheng
7
Sapium P.Br.
Camptotheca Decne
5
Cardenia jasminoides Ellis
Nerium indicum Mill.
Arumdo donax var.versicolor Stokes
3
Nymphaea tetragona Georgi
Lythrum salicaria Linn.
2
Typha angustifolia Linn.
1
Contaderia selloana var.pumila
A
Oryza sativa L.
Papaver rhoeas L.
The planting selection of this project is dominated by local species. According to local natural conditions, combining plant habits, creating a variety of spatial structure, undulating canopy lines, harmonious colors, and a picturesque landscape throughout the year.
Ficus carica L.
Eriobotrya japonica(Thunb.)Lindl.
Citrus reticulata Blanco
Punica granatum L.
Rhododendron simsii Planch.
Cotinus coggygria Scop.var.cinerea Engl.
Photinia xfraseri'Red robin'
Elaeocarpus L.
_ PARTIAL PLAN 1
A' Legends
1 Canal
2 Wetland
3 Wooden Bridge
4 Square
5 Waterfront Platform
6 Urban Canopy
N
9 Lawn 50m
25
_ PARTIAL PLAN 2
Existing
6
B
1
5 4 3
2 B'
Compared with large-scale underground water storage and drainage systems, the best solution to urban rainwater problems should be based on an ecologically sustainable rainwater system. The project creates a sustainable landscape by improving the green infrastructure and using a variety of ecological facilities
Legends 1 Pedestrian lane 2 Rain Gardens 3 Children's Playground 4 Waterfront Platform 5 Pond 6 Pavilion
_ PARTIAL PLAN 3 9 6
C'
7 4
1
5
8 2
C
3
Legends 1 Roadside activity space 2 Entrance Square 3 Stone Bridge
N
4 Wooden pavilion 5 Ecological Island 6 Trail 8 Pond
19
9 Canal
50m
5
7 River corridor
0
20
Rain Gardens
B-B' Section
Pervious Paving
Curbs
Wetland
Bioswale
C-C' Section
_04
_URBAN FOREST STRATEGY
_COLLAGE N
TREE-BASED URBAN DESIGN
1 0 10
Using trees, groves, woodland and forest to develop an ecological, spatial and cultural strategic framework in the context of urban design
50
2
Woodland Groves/Orchard
Time PG - Year2 Group Work-2 people Type Location Sheffield, UK
Glade
3
Buildings River
Nowadays, inner cities becoming increasingly fragmented by the infrastructural demands of modernity. And these infrastructures facilitated the rapid consumption of resources, from concrete to petroleum, and in turn introduced new forms of air and noise pollution into cities, impacting the quality of life. While many trends from the last two centuries continue—to build cities that are more walkable, more liveable, more sociable, and less polluted. Design proposals are made in this project for an urban public open space part of the Sheaf Valley at both strategic and site-specific scales. Focusing on the quality and quantity of public green and open spaces. the main intervention is to plant trees and initiate a city-wide urban forest strategy in the context of the need for a global increase in urban forest for climate resilience and biodiversity, and contribute to the Sheffield image as THE OUTDOOR CITY. it also explored the ecological cultural space of trees and how they might support contemporary citizenship, recreation and health.
_SITE SURVEY
_Traffic Network
Woodland _dominant (60%-70%)
1
100m
_Existing Vegetation
4 Glade _subdominant (10%-30%)
2
Groves/Orchard _occasional (1%-5%)
_WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY Three main strategies will be used for water management:
_Building Modification
1 Re-naturalise the constructed river bank to increase the resilience of the river course 2 Create linear rain gardens and plant trees along the main road
3
3 Returning the hard surface to green space , increase the storage capacity
4
1 Bus stop Dedicated cycle lanes Bicycle friendly Pedestrain
8:30am
_Typical Traffic Conditions
Green Space Private Garden
Shrubs Evergreen species Colour-leaf species
_Flood Zone
3
_NEW HOUSING STRATEGY
_Existing Building Function
Sheffield station
_CONCEPT
Moor market
new buidings
shifts on the
access
the heghts vary
12:00pm
along the river facadea to create
6:00pm
Fast
Slow
Risk
zone1 zone2 zone3 High Medium Low
car service accomodation college playfield
funeral care casino commercial residential
catering Services club gym company
Special squares Woodland is used as the dominant category, combined with the glade to form a rich and varied open space. Orchards, groves, various paving and facilities are interspersed in the form of squares, creating a city with rich and colorful landscape .
clear block
use sloping roof retains the unique
more spaces
Sheffield college Bramall lane
21
2
urban form
chamfered corners courttyard as connection
use sloping roof
outlines define as responses in the green space
between courtyard retains the unique
streer spaces
and outside space
streetscapes
urban form
_MASTERPLAN _Movement
_Blue and Green Infrastructure
cycle lane pedestrian lane
_Buildings and Open Spaces
river
new buildings
green space
existing buildings
groves square
urban open space new road network
_Surface
_Zoning
_Water Management
N ` 0 10
50
100m
shared surface
mixed used
special blocks
commercial
green space
KEY River Sheaf Footpath Cycle lane Woodland Groves/orchard Lawn Special paving
river walk woodland
The whole site is roughly divided into 4 main parts: 1 pedestrian commercial street along the river sheaf with a cycling route and a series of green spaces. 2 mixed use shared surface on the main road with the occasional groves or orchards. 3 granville square 4 urban woodland along the railway.
Bio-swale Woodland Green Buffer Rain Garden Daily Rain Runoff Stormwater Runoff Catchment Area
_AXONOMETRIC DRAWING
-SHEAF VALLEY SECTION A1
1 fountain
A2
proposed housing areas
2 platform pedestrian commercial street
1
new
A1
-ILLUSTRATION & DETAILED 3 sandpit
3
2
23
_Re-naturalise the constructed river bank, increase the richness of layers of vegetation. _Create a pedestrian commercial street along the river sheaf. _Plant trees along the Queens Road and create safe cycling lane. _Special squares are used to create a rich landscape in urban open spaces.
“Squares”
w buildings
river sheaf cycle lane re-naturalised river bank
open space along the shared road fishing platform
existing building
Queens road
cycle lane linear rain garden
proposed urban forest
open space with groves bus stop
urban woodland
A2 0 1
5
10m
D DESIGN
coffee shop Tilia × europaea
Prunus 'Spire'
Before & After
Prunus 'Kanzan' Red tulip praestans 'Fusiller'
Euphorbia polychroma
B2 E.characias
Water-permeable concrete
Yorkstone
coffee shop
green space under groves
pedestrian trail
bioswale
cycle lane
Re-naturalised river bank
_05
RETHINKING THE RURAL SETTLEMENT PATTERN
Reorganise the rural space and find a new settlement pattern that balances the traditional and urban life styles, UG-Year 3 Time Individual Type Location Qianshan,Anhui,China
Located in the southern part of Anhui Province, the site is a small mountain village with great natural resoures. Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, people have lived here for generations. The original layout of the village has undergone tremendous changes in the last decades with the changes in rural industrial structure, the economic development and changes in people's lifestyle and ideology. The original settlement structure is gradually disintegrating, and the once complete and unified traditional buildings are gradually being replaced by d et a c h e d h o u s e s w h i c h a re independent to each other. This project aims to propose a new settlement pattern which can retain some of the characters of traditional housing and meet the new demands of modern life. With a single house as a unit, several units form a group to create public spaces in between that connect semi-public spaces--the front yards, brings new possibilities to rural community space.
25
Historical changes 1978-2018
SITE
With the improvement of village economic conditions, villagers demolished old traditional buildings and converted them into new detached houses. Although new houses seem to have brought people better living conditions, they have brought a series of problems while destroying the original settlement pattern. Especially in terms of landscape characteristics and the spaces it forms.
2 4
1
3
_ DESIGN STRATEGY The messy building layout has caused a great waste of public space in the village. This strategy reorganizes the space to form a new pattern of rural settlement space with traditional ancestral halls as the central axis and building clusters form public spaces inward.
1
Narrow, messy and damp alleys
2 Lack of public space
3 Poor accessibility
_ CONCEPT
4 Lack of semi-public space
Traditional village settlements have been replaced by a new settlement pattern with a single house as the basic unit. Starting from a single unit, several units form into a group with a shared space in the middle and then group connected to group, formimg a growing settlement pattern.
_ MODEL
_ MASTERPLAN
11
13
7
6
3 1
0
2
4
N
5
_ DETAIL PLAN
25
50m
12
8 9
1 Ancient tree 2 Ancestral hall 3 North yard 4 South yard 5 Field 6 River
10
5
7 Stone bridge 8 Bamboo grove 9 Parking lot 10 Square 11 Tea garden 12 Fishing Pond
N
13 Old well
27
02
10
20m
_ VISUALISATION
_ HOUSING DESIGN
Stairwell
Conservatory
Public Space
2
1
1
2 3
3
Balcony
Inner Yard
4
Inner yard
Back Yard The new housing contains three courtyard spaces, the front yard, the inner yard and the back yard. The front yard is connected with the public space in the center of the building cluster as a gray space between public and privite spaces. The inner yard serves as an outdoor extension for the living room and dining room, quite and private. The backyard is the smallest one, connected to the kitchen for daily uses.
5
4
5 Front yard
_ AERIAL VIEW
_ MODEL 5 4
6
1 1 This design fully considers the strong demand of villagers for private space. Each household is an independent building, and the combination of building units creates a variety of laneways, courtyards and public spaces. These spaces are interspersed with each other to create a new rural settlement model that is diverse in space and p ro m ot e s co m m u n i c a t i o n b e t w e e n neighbors on the basis of meeting the increasing needs of residents.
2
2
3
3
A
4
A
5
29
A-A Section
6
101.2m
location
101.2m
102.6m
101.2m
101.2m
101.2m
102.6m
101.2m
102.6m
101.2m
101.2m 101.2m
101.2m
_06
CONSTRUCTION DETAIL Time Type
PG-Year 1 Individual
CONSTRACTION DETAILS
L-1.0
C
CO
CONSTRACTION DETAILS
L-1.0