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SmartSkin: An Infrastructure for Freehand Manipulations on Interactive Surfaces Jun Rekimoto Interaction Laboratory Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc. 3-14-13 Higashigotanda, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 1410022 Japan Phone: +81-3-5448-4380, Fax: +81-3-5448-4273 rekimoto@acm.org http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/rekimoto/ Abstract This paper introduces a new sensor architecture for making interactive surfaces that are sensitive to human hand and finger gestures. This sensor recognizes multiple hand positions and their shapes as well as calculates the distances between the hands and the surface by using capacitive sensing and a mesh-shaped antenna. In contrast to camera-based gesture recognition systems, all sensing elements can be integrated within the surface, and this method does not suffer from lighting and occlusion problems. This paper describes the sensor architecture, as well as two working prototype systems: a table-size system and a tablet-size system. It also describes several interaction techniques that would be difficult to perform without using this architecture.
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user interfaces. In CHIâ95 Conference, pages 442â 449, 1995.
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[3] Masaaki Fukumoto and Toshiaki Sugimura. ActiveClick: Tactile feedback for touch panels. In CHI 2001 summary, pages 121â122, 2001.
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[4] Y. Guiard. Asymmetric divisoin of labor in human skilled bimanual action: the kinematic chain as a model. Journal of Motor Behavior, pages 485â517, 1987.
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[5] Ken Hinckley, Randy Pausch, John C. Goble, and Neal F. Kassell. Passive real-world interface props for neurosurgical visualization. In CHIâ94 Proceedings, pages 452â458, 1994.
æ¯åã«ãã) ãã£ãŒãããã¯ãè¿ããããªæ¹åŒã æ§æå¯èœã§ããã éæé»æ¥µã®é©çšïŒ SmartSkin ãæ§æããé»æ¥µã¯ ITO ç®èãªã©ã®éæ ãªé»æ¥µã§çœ®ãæããããšãå¯èœã§ãããããã«ã ããå¹³é¢åã®è¡šç€ºè£ 眮ãšäžäœåããå ¥åè£ çœ®ãæ§ æããããšãã§ããã
[6] Ken Hinckley and Mike Sinclair. Touch-sensing input devices. In CHIâ99 Proceedings, pages 223â230, 1999.
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SmartSkin ã»ã³ãµãŒã§ã¯é»æ¥µã«äº€æµä¿¡å·ãå°å ã ãŠèšæž¬ãè¡ã£ãŠããããã®ä¿¡å·ã«ããŒã¿ãïŒåšæ³¢ æ°å€èª¿ãªã©ã«ããïŒéç³ããããšã§ãé¢äžã®ç©äœ ãšã®éã§æ å ±éä¿¡ãè¡ãããšãå¯èœã§ãããããš ãã°ãããŒãã«äžã«çœ®ãããæºåž¯æ©åšãèªåçã« ã·ã³ã¯ããã€ãºãããªã©ã®å¿çšäŸãèããããã ãŸããããŒãã«äžã§ã®åº§æšæ å ±ãããŒã¿ãšããŠé ä¿¡ããã°ãããŒãã«äžã®æºåž¯æ©åšãããã©ã®ã㌠ãã«ã®ã©ã®äœçœ®ã«ããããããç¥ã£ãŠãããããš ã«ãªãããã®ãããªèå¥ã»äœçœ®æ å ±ãå©çšãããšã åãããŒãã«ã®äžã®æ©åšå士ã§ã®ã¿ããŒã¿éä¿¡ã èš±ãããã»ãã¥ãªãã£èšå®ããAugmented Surface ã·ã¹ãã [12] ãææ¡ããŠãããããªã€ã³ã¿ãã§ãŒ ã¹ãæ§ç¯å¯èœã«ãªãã
[7] Hiroshi Ishii and Brygg Ullmer. Tangible Bits: Towards seamless interfaces between people, bits and atoms. In CHIâ97 Proceedings, pages 234â241, 1997. [8] Hideki Koike, Yoichi Sato, Yoshinori Kobayashi, Hiroaki Tobita, and Motoki Kobayashi. Interactive textbook and interactive venn diagram: natural and intuitive interfaces on augmented desk system. In CHI 2000 Proceedings, pages 121â128, 2000. [9] Nobuyuki Matsushita, Yuji Ayatsuka, and Jun Rekimoto. Dual Touch: a two-handed interface for penbased PDAs. In ACM UIST 2000 Proceedings, pages 211â212, 2000. [10] Nobuyuki Matsushita and Jun Rekimoto. HoloWall: Designing a Finger, Hand, Body, and Object Sensitive Wall. In Proceedings of UISTâ97, October 1997. [11] Shunichi Numazaki, Akira Morshita, Naoko Umeki, Minoru Ishikawa, and Miwako Doi. A kinetic and 3D image input device. In Proceedings of the conference on CHI 98 summary, pages 237â238, 1998. [12] Jun Rekimoto. A multiple-device approach for supporting whiteboard-based interactions. In Proceedings of ACM CHIâ98, pages 344â351, February 1998.
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[13] Jun Rekimoto and Eduardo Sciammarella. ToolStone: Effective use of the physical manipulation vocabularies of input devices. In Proc. of UIST 2000, 2000.
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[14] Pierre Wellner. Interacting with paper on the DigitalDesk. Communication of the ACM, 36(7):87â96, August 1993.
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