ІЛЮСТРОВАНА ІСТОРІЯ ПРИКАРПАТТЯ by Watra

EEK 63. 3

r -

(4 YKP)

75 rpa6oBe~LKHH

75 IJIIOCTpOBaHa icTopiR IIpHKaprraTTR. ,Upyre )J,OIIOBHene BH)J,aHHR- T. IBano-<l>panKiBCLK:

,HoBa 3opn", 2002. -

432 c.

966-7363-88-0 T.l-3

IEBM

reBM 966-7363-89-9

T.l

Bi)J,OMHH icTopHK YKpalnn, aKa)J,eMiK AH Bnrn:ol IIIKOJIH YKpalnn BoJio)J,HMHp

rpa6oBe~LKHH

KiJILKaTOMHe

BIIepiiie B YKpaiHi y perioHaJILHOMY IIJiaHi rry6JiiKy€

BH)J,annn:

JiiTorrnc

IIpnKaprraTCLKoro

Kparo.

rrpo6JieMno-

xponoJioriqnoMy rrJiani y I TOMi rro)J,a€TLCR icTopin IIpnKaprraTTR 3 nall)J,asHiiiiHX

qaciB )J,O

rrepiiioi

rroJIOBHHH

XVII

cT.

Monorpa<J>in

narrncana na

rrpo<J>eciHHOMY piBHi 3 BHKOpHCTaHHRM BeJIHKOI KiJILKOCTi apxiBHHX rrepiiiO)J,)KepeJI, BHRBJieHHX Ta Knnra rn;e)J,po

OIIpa~LOBaHHX

iJIIOCTpoBana

)J,OKyMeHTaMH, qncJieHHHMH llpa~R

)J,OCJii)J,HHKOM 3a IIiBCTOJiiTTR.

cTapoBHHHHMH

iJIIOCTpa~iRMH,

a)J,peCOBaHa iCTOpHKaM,

rpaB'ropaMH,

aBTeHTnqnnMH

B Hill BMirn;eHO PM KapT i CXeM.

Kpa€3HaB~RM

i IIIHpOKOMY KOJIY qnTaqiB. EEK 63. 3

(4 YKP)

Pe~eH3eHTH:

II.

MnxaHJIHHa

)J,OKTop icTopnqnnx nayK, rrpo<J>ecop (qepHiB~i)

M. M. Bereiii

)J,OKTop

icTopnqnnx nayK,

rrpo<J>ecop

(Y*ropo!J,) Pe)J,aKTop -

Irop IIeJiexaTHH

Xy )J,O)KH€ o<J> opMJieHHR

o6KJia)J,HHKH

MnpocJiaBa raTaJieBnqa

Ue BH,IJ,aHHH no6aqu.Jio cBiT 3aB,IJ,HKH cl>iuaucoBiil ,IJ,onoMo3i IBauo-pauKiBChKoi o6Jiacuoi ,IJ,ep)Ka,IJ,MiuicTpau,ii © BoJIO.IJ,HMHp rpa6oBeiJ,bKHii, • (mocmoBaua_i<I-.7Aprn IlnuA)(prriTrTr © ,HoBa 3i p»','a.

raBH 966-7363-88-0 T.l-3

ISBN 966-7363-89-9 T.l

yKpa"iHCbKe, BH.IJ,aHH»,

'--

2002

0'. *ill 1 A EI3JIIOfb

IIpnKapnaTCbKHii yHiaepcuT T iM. Bacuns:~ CTecpaHHKa Kacpe,ll,pa icTopii YKpa'iHH

BoJIO~HMHp

PA60BEQhKHif

iJIIOCTPOBAHA iCTOPi51 TIPHKAPIIATT51 3 Hai1AaBHin.mx qacis

nonoBHHH

ToM 1

fsaHO路paHKiBCbK

B~aBHHU.TBO

(.<Hosa

2002

ops~

XVII

CT.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

JIITOIIMCEUb IIPMKAPIIATCbKOI 3EMJII

5 q.

Ka3aTH, rn:o II. 6oBellhKHH

€

BoJIO)J,HMHp rpaTaJiaHOBHTHM,

IIO-

Ba.lKHHM Ta aBTOpHTeTHHM iCTO-

pHKOM, 6y)J,e 30BciM He)J,OCTaTHhO )J,JIH OlliHKH HarrpaB)J,y THTaniqnoro BHeCKY u;iei CKpOMHOI JIIO)J,HHH

B icTopnqny nayKy cyqacnoi

YKpaiHH. Bin, 6e3 rrepe6iJILIIIeHHH, BH)J,aTHHH

rraTChKOI

yniKaJihHHH 3eMJii.

JiiTOIIHCellh

Horo

MaH.lKe

IlpHKaprriBBiKOBY

)J,OCJii)J,HHllhKY rrpau;ro Ta II Micu;e B YKPaIHChKiii nayu;i Ta KYJILTypi MO.lKHa cMiJIHBO CTaBHTH

O)J,HH

pH,ll,

MnxaiiJia rpyiiieBChKOro,

IIO)J,BH.lKHHIITBOM IBaHa Kpnrr'HKeBnqa, ,UMHTpa EaraJiiH, ,UMHTpa

RBopHHllhKoro. KoJIHIIIHiii yqenh MaJioi rpeKo-KaTOJIHllhKOI ,ll,yxoBHOI ceMinapii y JlLBOBi, BoJIO)J,HMHp rpa6oBellhKHH Kpi3b yce CBO€ TBopqe i HayKOBe .lKHTTH rrponic 6JiarOCJIOBeHHH )),BOX KHH3iB HaiiiOI YKpaiHChKOI rpeKo-KaTOJIHllhKOI U:epKBH -

MnTporroJIHTiB An,ll,pen illerrTHllhKoro Ta tl:ocH<j>a CJiirroro. Y He3a6yTni

1942-1944 pOKH rociiO)J,H€ IIpoBH)J,iHHH 3BeJIO IOHOro BoJIO)J,HMHpa 3 HaiiiHMH BH)J,aTHHMH BJia)J,HKaMH, i IXHi HaiiyTHi CJIOBa CTaJIH )J,JIH HhOrO HaHCBiTJiiiiiHM ,ll,OporoBKa3oM y .lKHTTi. B.lKe na6araTo rrhniiiie, B yMoBax He3aJie.lKHOI YKpaiHH, cTaBIIIH O)J,HHM 3 nailaBTOpHTeTHiiiiHX yKpaiHChKHX icTopnKiB, BoJIO)J,HMHp rpa6oBellhKHH OIIHIIIe u;i He3a6yTHi 3YCTpiqi y CBOIX crrora)J,aX. AJie rrepe)J, THM, y MOTOpOIIIHi 6pe.lKH€BChKO-CYCJIOBChKi 70-Ti, TOpKaiOqHCh y CBOIX nayKoBHX rrpau;nx icTopii YKpaiHChKOI U:epKBH, Bin naMaraTHMeThCH IIHCaTH II Heyrrepe)J,.lKeHO i o6'eKTHBHO, HK BipHHH CHH CBOrO Hapo,ll,y i HOrO xpHCTHHHChKOI Bipn. 3-rri)J,

rrepa

HayKOBHX i

Eo TaKHH 3arroBiT iloMy )J,aJIH BeJIHKi MnTporroJIHTH ...

BoJIO)J,HMHpa

rpa6oBellhKOro

HayKOBO-IIOIIYJIHpHHX rrpau;h,

BHHIIIJIO

,ll,pyKOM

6iJIH

1000

y TOMY qncJii )J,eCHTKH MOHOrpa-

lj>iif, 6poiiiyp, CTaTeH 3 icTopii HaCeJieHHX IIYHKTiB pi,ll,HOrO KpaiO. ,UocJii)J,.lKeHHH aKa)J,eMiKa rpa6oBellhKOrO OXOIIJIIOIOTh Ba.lKJIHBi rrpo6JieMH icTopii YKpaiHH Bi)J, KHH.lKHX qaciB )J,O XX cToJiiTTH, phnnx icTopnqnnx )J,HCIIHIIJiiH,

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

aJie nai16iJILIIIY yuary uqenuil rrpu)J,iJIHB uuuqennro icTopii pi)J,HOI raJiuqnnu i, 30KpeMa, II U:epKBH. Oco6Jiuuo cJii)J, Bi)J,3naqnTH Monorpalj>iro ,Hapuc icTopii raJiuqa", BH)J,aHy 3 HarO)J,H 11 00-piqqn ranuqa. Y Hill 6araTO yuaru IIpHCBHqeno icTopii yKpaiHChKHX CBHTHHh, rroqunaroqu 3 KHHlKOrO rrepio)J,y 3aKinqyroqu rroqaTKOM XX cToJiiTTH. Y nern:o)J,auno BH)J,anux Monorpalj>iqnux po3Bi)J,Kax 3 icTopii IleqeniMuna (1993), KoJioMnl (1996), KaJiyiiia (1997), YToponiB (1997), Ioauo-<l>pauKiBchKa (1999),

KHHrHHHHa

(2000),

Ioauion:iB

(2001),

rpa6iBKH

(2001)

aBTOp Ha rpyHTOBHiH )J,lKepeJihHiH Ta nayKOBiH OCHOBi )J,OCJii)J,Mye, Bi)J,HOBJIIO€ i HaBiTh CTBOpiO€ JiiTOIIHCH U:HX HaCeJieHHX IIYHKTiB. He BHIIa)J,KOBO BiH CTaB rroqecHHM rpoMa)J,HHHHOM U:HX MiCT i ciJI. I OCh y pyKax quTaqa HOBa yniKaJibHa KHHra aKa)J,eMiKa B. rpa6ouen:hKOro rrepiiiHH TOM ,.IJIIOCTpOBaHOI icTopii IlpHKaprraTTH", HKHH OXOIIJIIO€ rrepio)J, 3 nall)J,auniiiiux qaciu )J,O 1-I rroJiouunu XVII cT. Ha ocnoui pi)J,Kicnux apxiunux MaTepiaJiiB, 3i6paHHX B YKpaiHi i 3a KOp)J,OHOM,

aBTOp KpOK 3a KpOKOM

rrpocJii)J,Kouye 6ypxJiuuy i )J,oci MaJioBi)J,oMy icTopiro Iuano-<l>panKiBrn:unu, cui)J,qyroqu rrepe)J, yKpaiHChKHM napo)J,OM Ta yciM cuiToM, rn:o naiii Kpail ne

3a)J,BipKH euporreilchKOI n:nuiJii3an:ii',

O)J,HH

3a-

n:e

3 uaMJIHBHX ocepe)J,KiB II

BHHHKnennn i po3BHTKy. Cui)J,qennHM TOMY e Te, rn:o na TepuTopii IIpuKaprraTTH po3Mirn:eno rr'HTh eTnorpalj>iqnux perioniu, icTopin <J>opMyuannn HKHX CHrae B rJIH6HHY THCHqoJiiTh, quM He MOlKe IIOXBaJIHTHCH lKO)J,Ha iHIIIa o6JiaCTh ne TiJihKH YKpainu, aJie, Ma6yTL, i €uporru. Man)J,pyroqu cTopinKaMH ,IJIIOCTpouanoi icTopii IIpuKaprraTTH", )J,OIIHTJIHBHH quTaq 36araTHTh cuoi 3Hannn U:HM yniKaJihHHM JiiTorrucoM cuoro Kparo, a iloro cepn:e i )J,yiiia crroBHHThCH rop)J,iCTIO, rrouaroro Ta 6aMaHHHM ycrra)J,KyBaTH Kparn:i pucu cuoix icTopuqnux rrorrepe)J,HHKiB, HKi, )J,OKJia)J,aiOqu THTaniqnux 3YCHJih, 3aKJiaJIH MiU:HHH i He3HHUJ:eHHHH lj>yn)J,aMeHT ny)J,iuJii, iM'H HKiil JfRKYJOlfU ey

npau,10,

oniKu

YKpaiHChKa Han:in Ta YKpaiHChKa ,UepMaua. BoJtoiJuMupy

npocuMo

IIpeceRmof

Fpa6oeeU,bKOMY

iJJt5l

HbOi!O

EocopoiJuu,i,

cmeJtUBC5l

MHOci

aepKBU

Jrep:JICGBU,

U{06

6Jtaci 60

BiH

!lima

Eo:J~Coco

Cioco

meoplfui1

iJJt5l BipHUU

11,10

Cioco

npeu,iHHY

6JtacocJtoBeHH5l

iJo6pa

HayKo-

oco6Jtueof

:J~Cummeeuu

YKpaiHCbKOi!O

+u,

JlJ06Jl5llfUU

..;-~

UJ!l5lX

HapoiJy,

CUH.

'2e8.8.

I rrpo<l>. !1,-p Co<l>pon MY.Il:PMM qcBB, IlpauJia~uu

Apxuepeu IBano-<DpanKiucbKoi €rrapxii YrKU

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

ToM

IlpuKapnammR.

CJIOBO IIPO KHMrY pHKaprraTTH -

Haiii pi)J,HHH Kpaif, HH30BHHHi i ripChKi IIpOCTO-

pH HKOrO IIOKpHTi 3eJieHHMH JiiCaMH, 6HCTpOIIJIHHHHMH piKaMH, IIOTiqKaMH. I Bee u;e 3JIHBa€ThCH B O)J,Hy HeiiOBTOpHy rraHopaMy MaJihOBHHqocTi, HKOIO 3aXOIIJIIOIOThCH Bci, XTO IIpO.lKHBa€ a6o rOCTHTh B llhOMY

qy)J,OBOMY

HaiiiOMY

IIpnKaprraTChKi MicTa i

KpaiO. ceJia 6araTi He JIHIIIe HerroBTOpHoiO Kpacoro

IIpHpO)J,H, aJie BOHH IIaM'HTHi 6araTOBiKOBOIO icTopi€10, HKa Bi)J,o6pa.lKeHa B

apxeoJioriqHiii

.lKHX JiiTorrncax, pnqHnx

)J,OKyMeHTaX,

BiKOBHMH U:i

MaTepiaJILHiii qncJieHHHX

rrpaicTopnqHiii

cepe)J,HhOBiqHnx

OIIOBHTa

HapO)J,HHMH

KYJILTypi,

B )J,aBHix KHH-

xpoHiKax,

6araTLox icTo-

JiereH)J,aMH,

rrepeKa3aMH

)J,aJieKo

Tpa)J,HlliHMH.

6araTrond

rreprno)J,.lKepeJia

BHBqeHi HaiiiHMH )J,OCJii)J,HHKaMH.

icTopil

KYJILTypn

TiJihKH B rrepio)J, HaiiiOI He3aJie.lKHOCTi

3'HBJIH€ThCH B i1,pyu;i 6araTO iCTOpHKO-Kpa€3HaBqoro MaTepiaJiy 3 JiiTOIIHcy icTopil MicT i

ciJI IIpnKaprraTTH.

Ha .lKaJIL, Bci u;i rry6JiiKau;il MaJio

y3araJILHeHi B CHHTeTnqHnx icTopnqHnx orry6JiiKoBaHnx MOHorpalj>inx. Ha u;e 3BepHyB yBary Bi)J,OMHH icTopnK YKpaiHH aKa)J,eMiK BoJIO)J,HMHp rpa6oBellhKHH, 3-IIi)J, rrepa HKOrO IIpOTHrOM IIiBCTOJiiTTH BHHIIIJIO i1,pyKOM 6araTO HayKOBHX i OCh

rrepe)J,

HayKOBO-IIOIIYJIHpHHX rrpau;h.

HaiiiHM

)J,OIIHTJIHBHM

qnTaqeM

3'HBHBCH

rrepiiiHH

TOM

KiJihKaTOMHOro lj>yH)J,aMeHTaJihHOro BH)J,aHHH rrpo<J>ecopa BoJIO)J,HMHpa rpa6oBellhKOro

,IJIIOCTpoBaHa icTopin

IIpnKaprraTTH".

3)J,a€ThCH,

u;e rroKH

mo e)J,HHa crrpo6a cepe)], perioHiB YKpaiHH BH)J,aTH 6araTOTOMHe BH)J,aHHH icTopil rrpnKaprraTChKoro Kparo 3 Haii)J,aBHirnnx qaciB )J,O cepe)J,HHH

XVII

CTOJiiTTH. B )J,iHCHOCTi u;e )],pyre, )J,OIIOBHeHe BH)J,aHHH aBTOpa, HKe i1,pyKyBaJIOCH paHiiiie B IIIeCTH TOMaX IIi)], Ha3BOIO ,HapHCH icTopii llpHKaprraTTH". AJie u;e rrorrepe)J,H€ BH)J,aHHH i1,pyKyBaJiocn B HH3hKOMY IIOJiirpalj>iqHoMy piBHi 6e3 iJIIOCTpau;iif, pHHTHHM CIIOC060M i

1992-1995 poKax Ha KapT i

CXeM, pOTOII-

B.lKe CTaJIO Ha ChOrO)J,Hi 6i6Jiiorpalj>iqHOIO pi)J,Kic-

TIO. B

KHH3i y3araJILHeHi 6araTIOmi apxiBHi rreprno)J,.lKepeJia, 3i6paHi aBTO-

poM 3a rriBcToJiiTTH.

rrpau;i

BMimeHo u;iHHi

icTopnqHi KapTn,

KOIIii aBTeHTHqHHX ,IJ,OKYMemiB, 3Ha'IHY KiJihKiCTh iJIIOCTpau;iif

,[1, 0

cxeMn, Bi)J,IIO-

BoJtoiJuMup

Bi)J,HHX BiKOBHX ieTOpHqHHX rrepio)J,iB IIpHeTOHHOrO

rrpou;eciB.

Bee

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

u;e

na)J,ae

KHH3i

BHrJHI)J,y.

HayKoBo-rrpo6JieMHHH BHKJia)J,, orrepTHH na rrpo<J>eeinnoMy piBni, 3au;iKaBHTh

qnTaqa i

BciX,

XTO 03HaHOMHTheH 3 IIHM KOpHeHHM BH)J,aHHHM.

Bn)J,aHHH 3aiiJiaHOBaHe rrpo<J>eeopoM BoJIO)J,HMHpOM rpa6oBellhKHM )J,JIH IIOrJIH6JieHHH HaiiiHX 3HaHh rrpo 6araTOBiKOBY ieTopiiO IIpHKaprraTehKOrO KpaiO, HKa Bi)J,HOBHTh Haiiiy ieTopuqny II aM' HTh i

IIpHmeiiHTh JIIO 6oB )1,0

pi)J,HOI 3eMJii, II ieTopuqnoi 6yBaJihliiHHH, )J,O Behoro Toro, mo lliHHHM i

e Tpa)J,H-

He3a6yTHiM.

Buxo)J,nqu

u;Loro,

KHHrH IIOeTHqHHMH

xoqeMo

pH)J,KaMH

3aBeprnHTH

eaMoro

name

neBeJinqKe

eJioBo )J,O

aBTOpa:

A qae IIJIHBe, IIJIHBe I Bee 3 eo6o10 3a6upae Jlurn

rraM'HTh

narny rrpo

BiKH

eepu;i narniM 3aJiurnae.

MuKoJia

KYrYTHK,

)J,OKTop ieTopuqnux nayK, )J,OKTop lj>iJioeolj>ii, rrpo<J>eeop

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

CJIOBO IIPO ABTOPA pHKaprraTChKHH Kpail Ma€ lliKaBy icTopiro.

CJiaBHY

3ocepe)J,.lKena B apxeoJioriqnnx,

iCTOpHqHHX,

apxiTeKTypHHX

IIaM'HTKaX JiiTepaTypH i

MHCTeliTBa,

IIaM'HTKaX,

BOHa Bi)J,o6pa-

.lKa€ CKJia)J,HHH, IIOBHHH He6e3IIeKH i, BO)J,Hoqac, rep0l3MY,

IIIJIHX

CTBa )1,0

MoryTHhOI

p03BHTKY

Bi)J,

rrepBicnoro

raJIHllhKOI )J,ep.lKaBH,

cycrriJihBi)J, lj>eo-

)J,aJihHO-KpiiiOCHHllhKHX Bi)J,HOCHH )1,0 cyqacnoro CTaHy )J,anoro

periony.

Ha rrpeBeJIHKHH .lKaJih JiiTOIIHCHi,

apxiBHi )J,.lKepeJia, IIIO CTOCYIOThCH

IIpHKaprraTTH, BHHBJieHi i )J,OCJii)J,.lKeHi HayKOBIIHMH JIHIIIe qacTKOBO, MaJIO MaTepiaJiiB, ,UeHKi YKpalnn

qn-

lliJIHX TeM 3aJIHIIIaiOThCH II03a yBaroiO )J,OCJii)J,HHKiB.

CTOpiHKH

JiiTOIIHCY

BHBqaJIHCH

KpaiO

pi3HHMH

CKJia)J,OBOI

BqenHMH

qacTHHH

icTopii

XIX-XX cT.

IIoJihChKi icTopHKH naMaraJIHCH )J,OBeCTH, IIIO eKoHoMiqnoMy, KYJihTypHOMY p03BHTKY raJIHqHHH CIIpHHJia CaMe IIOJihChKa KOJIOHi3au;iH HOrO, IIIO rroqaJiacH B Kinu;i peJI,

u;i )J,OMHCJIH

XIV cToJiiTrH. IIi3niiiie, na ocnoBi rrepiiiO)J,.lKe-

6yJIH CIIpOCTOBaHi.

YKpaiHChKi iCTOpHKH MHHYJIOrO rropyiiiyBaJIH BHTKY icTopnqnoro rrpou;ecy IIpnKaprraTTH.

OKpeMi acrreKTH p03-

IIoqnnaroqn 3 KiHIIH

XIX

CTOJiiTTH, TYT IIpOBO)J,HJIH apxeoJioriqni )J,OCJii)J,.lKeHHH TaKi Bi)J,OMi icTOpHKH-apxeOJIOrH ChKHil,

HK A.

IIeTpyiiieBnq,

11. IIeJieHChKHil, )J,aJii -

BoHH

illapaneBnq,

JI. qaqKoBraJinqa,

BarOMHH BHeCOK y BHBqeHHH icTopii rrepBiCH0061IIHHHOrO Jia)J,y

KHH.lKOI

pH)J,

rroqaJIH

IIacTepnaK. CTOJihHOro

Bi)J,KpHJIH

rrepiiiHMH

.H.

HOBHX

p03KpHBaTH Ta€MHHlli

apxeoJioriqHHX

KYJihTyp.

)J,06H IIpHKaprraTTH 3p06HJIH )J,OCJii)J,HHKH JlhBiBChKOI apxeoJioriqHOI IIIKOJIH

M. 10. CMiiiiKo, B. ,U. Eapan, B. B. AyJiix, 0. 0. PaTnq, JI. B. BaKyJieHKo,

JI.

KpyiiieJihHHllhKa,

CBeiiiHiKoB,

II.

qepHHIII

Ta il3aHo-

<J>panKiBChKi apxeoJiorn M. M. KJiarrqyK, E. II. ToMenqyK, E. A. BacnJieHKo, I. T. KoqKiH. Pe3yJILTaTH po3KOIIOK 3Be)J,eni B y3araJihHIOIOqnx nayKo-

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeu,oKUU

BHX rrpau;nx. IIpo6JieMH raJIHllhKO- BoJIHHChKOI )J,epMaBH rri)J,HiMaJIHCh aKa)J,eMiKaMH M. rpyrneBChKHM, I. Kpnrr'HKeBnqeM, B. IIarnyTOIO Ta iHIIIHMH. II epio)J, icTopil IIpnKaprraTTH XIY -XIX cToJiiTh )J,OBIIIHH qac 3aJinrnaBcn HeBHBqeHHM, xoqa TyT, He3BalKaiOqH Ha IIOCHJieHHH rHiTy yKpaiHChKOrO HaCeJieHHH IIOJihChKO-IIIJIHXeTChKHMH, OKyrrau;iifHHMH

BJiaCTHMH,

eKOHOMiqnoMy,

Bi)J,6yBaJIHCH

IIOJiiTnqnoMy

a IIOTiM aBCTpiHChKHMH

BalKJIHBi

KY JlhTypHOMY

IIO)J,il

cou;iaJihHO-

lKHTTi. nau;io-

nopOTb6a IIOHeBOJieHHX CeJIHH i Miiu;aH 3a CBO€ cou;iaJibHe HaJibHe

BH3BOJieHHH

IIpO)J,OBlKyBaJiaCH IIpOTHrOM

6araThOX

BiKiB.

IIpo

u;e CBi)J,qHTh KiJihKaCOT JiiTHiH pyx IIpOCJiaBJieHHX B Hapo)J,i KaprraTChKHX orrpnrnKiB.

Ha u;iil TepnTopil MHJIH Ta )J,iHJIH TaKi

YKpalnn HK Myxa

(XV cT.),

IrnaT i

CeMeH

nau;ionaJILHi repol

Bncoqann

(XVII

OJieKca ,UoB6yrn Ta crra)J,KO€Mlli iloro Mpil JlyK'nn Ko6nJIHIIH, illToJIIOK,

IBaH CMHIIHIOK,

cT.),

Mnpon

IBaH KarrymaK Ta 6araTo inrnnx.

Brreprne B yKpalncLKiil icTopiorpalj>il u;i rrpo6JieMH rroqaB rJin6oKo CHCTeMaTH30BaHO BHBqaTH ypO)J,lKeHellh IIpHKaprraTTH )J,OKTOp iCTOpnqHHX nayK rrpo<J>ecop, cJiyMennil )J,iHq nayKH i

aKa)J,eMiK AH

KiJihKa )J,eCHTHpiq 36HpaB )J,lKepeJia i 1000

(iJ,HB.:

rrpau;h,

u;e

OCHOBHa

Kparo

B OJIO)J,HMHp

HHH rroKaMqnK. IIpo

apxiBHi

MaTepiaJIH,

YKpalnn,

rpa6oBell'hKHH.

3aBin

aHaJii3yBaB JiiTepaTypHi

3a 50-JiiTHiH rrepio)J, CBO€l )J,iHJihHOCTi orry6JiiKyBaB IIOHa)J,

HayKOBHX

IIpnKaprraTChKoro JiiTTH

Bnmol IIIKOJIH

TexniKH YKpaiHH

qaciB

qacTHHa

BacHJihOBHq

TaKi

IIpHCBHqena

rpa6oBellhKHH.

IBano-<l>panKiBChK,

cBi)J,qaTh

HKHX

icTopii

<J>eo)J,aJihHO-KpirrocHHllhKoro

JIHxo-

Ei6Jiiorpalj>iq-

1998 p.)*.

<J>yn)J,aMeHTaJILHi

rrpau;i

Bqenoro,

6yJIH

orry6JiiKoBani B 50-80-x poKax: Hapo)J,HHH repoil OJieKca ,UoB6yrn. IcTopnqnnil napnc. -

JlLBiB,

cKoro napo)J,a.

1957; OJieKca ,UoB6yrn MocKBa,

rroJIOBHHi

raJinq

(B crriBaBTOpCTBi 3 II. ApcennqeM). 6opoTL6a

Jieren)J,apHhiH repoil YKPaHH-

CeJIHHChKHH pyx na IIpnKaprraTTi B

i1,pyriil

)J,aJibHa

XVII

1959;

rreprniil rroJIOBHHi XVIII

KaprraTcLKoro

orrpnrnKIIICTBa

cT.

JlhBiB,

KniB,

1962;

19 64; AHTHij>eo-

XM-XrX

cT.

JlLBiB,

19 6 6; 3axi)J,HOyKpaiHChKi 3eMJii B rrepio)J, HapO)J,HO-BH3BOJihHOI BiiiiiH 164 81654

pp.

Knrn,

1972;

CeJIHHChKe

rroBcTaHHH

IIpnKaprraTTi

rri)J,

IcTopnK YKpalnn. IOBiJieilnnil 36ipHHK na rrornany aKa)J,eMiKa BoJIO)J,H-

Mnpa rpa6oBellhKOro.

,Uo 70-piqqn Bi)J, )J,HH napO)J,lKeHHH.

KiBChK, HoBa 3opn, 1998. - C . 217-297.

IBaHo-<l>paH-

ImocmpoeaHa rrpoBO)J,OM

icmopi5l

Myxn

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

1490-1492 poKiB.

1979.

JlLBiB,

Bci

BOHH

6yJIH

CXBaJihHO oujrrerri y BiTqH3HHHiH Ta 3apy6i.lKHiH icTopiorpalj>i"i.

19 82 pouj BHHIIIJia i1,pyKOM lj>yH)J,aMeHTaJihHa MOHOrpalj>iH rrpo-

lj>ecopa B. B. rpa6oBellhKOro ,ryu;yJihliiHHa Xill-XIX CTOJiiTh. lcTOpnqrrnil rrapnc"

(JlLBiB,

1982), HKa lj>aKTnqrro 3arroqaTKyBaJia cnrrTe-

Tnqrrnil

BHKJia)J,

icTopil

u;iKaBHX

qacTHH

IIpnKaprraTTH -

i1,pyra, IIIO BHHIIIJia B

periorraJILHOMY

mo lx aBTop,

O)J,Hiei U:n

rrai16iJILIII

rry6JiiKau;in,

HK i

1989 pou;i IIi)], Ha3BOIO ,HapHCH icTopil IBaHO-

paHKiBChKa 3 rraii)J,aBrrirnnx qnTL,

rrJiarri

ryu;yJihliiHHH.

qaciB )J,O rroqaTKY XX

cToJiiTTn",

cBi)J,-

rreBTOMHHH )J,OCJii)J,HHK IIpnKaprraTCLKoro Kparo,

3po6nB rreprni crrpo6n y3araJILHHTH icTopiro u;Loro crreu;nlj>iqrroro rri)J, KYTOM

30py

cycrriJihHO-IIOJiiTHqrroro

p03BHTKY

periorry.

1 ocL, rroqnrraroqn i3 ciqrrn 1990 poKy, rra cTopirrKax ra3eTH ,IIpnKaprraTCLKa rrpaB)J,a" rri)J, py6pHKOIO ,roMiH BiKiB" rrpo<J>ecop B. B. rpa6oBellhKHH

rroqaB i1,pyKyBaTH )J,OCJii)J,.lKeHHH

rre BpaxoByBaTH JiaCTL" (KHIB, B

HKHX

J(ea

, lcTopiro MicT i

RKmo

IBarro- <l>parrKiBCLKa o6-

1971) Ta ,Ha3yCTpiq Mpil*' (Y.lKropo)J,, 1978), MaTepiaJIH

IIO)J,aBaJIHCH

moMu

icTopil IIpnKaprraTTH.

ciJI YPCP.

BH6ipKOBO,

nepUioco aKaiJeMilca

euiJaHH5l

u;i

rry6JiiKau;il

,Hapucie

liOJlOJliJuMupa

icmopif

rrpolj>ecopa

CTaJIH

IlpuKapnammR"

Fpa6oeeU,bKOi!O.

BoJtoiJuMup

12 rreprn ow poKax

y3araJihHIOIO qoro

6yJIH

rrpau;ero

orry6JiiKOBaHi

)J,Ba rreprni TOMH

icTopil

aKa)J,eMiKOM

Fpa 6oeeu, bJW i1

Kparo.

19 9 2- 19 9 3

BoJIO)J,HMHpOM

rpa6oBellhKHM

, HapnciB icTopil IIpnKaprraTTH".

ABTOp, CIIHpaiOqHCh Ha JiiTOIIHCHi )J,aHi, apxiBHi MaTepiaJIH, icTopnqrry JiiTepaTypy,

3YMiB

rrpe)J,CTaBHTH

HaM rreprny

qacTHHY

3a)J,yMaHOI HHM

6araTOTOMHOI icTopii IIpHKaprraTTH. II epiiiHH TOM KHHrH,

IIpHCBHqeHHH BHCBiT JieHHIO icTopii 3 HaH)J,aB-

HiiiiHX qaciB )J,O cepe,ll,HHH

XVII cT. B KHH3i aBTop B xporroJioriqrro-

rrpo6JieMHOMY IIJiaHi y3araJihHIO€ Ha MiliHiH )J,lKepeJihHiH OCHOBi iCTOpiiO Kparo

rrepio)J, rrepBicrroo6mnrrrroro

TaHHH IIOHBH )J,eH

CJIOB'HHChKHX IIJieMeH,

rrepio)J,

03HailoMHTHCH

KniBChKOI 3

IX-XI

Pyci

eKorroMiqrrnM,

Jia)J,y,

u;iKaBo

IIJieMiHHHX COI03iB, cT.

HapernTi,

rroJiiTnqrrnM

II ep e)J,

)J,OIIHT JIHBHM

6yBaJihliiHHH

raJIHllhKOI

qnTaqeM 3eMJii,

lKHTTH JIIOqnTaq

MOMe

KYJILTYPHHM MHTTHM

IIpHKaprraTu;iB B qac MoryTHOCTi raJIHllhKOI )J,eplKaBH, BiToK 3 )J,HHacTil PocTHCJiaBnqiB

3'ncoBye IIH-

eiiOXH CJiaBHHX

PoMarroBnqiB. 3pHHYTh

lKHTTH

cTopiHKH )J,iHJihHiCTh

icTopil

KHHMOI

Bi)J,OMHX

KHH3iB

BoJio)J,apn, BoJIO)J,HMHpKa, .HpocJiaBa OcMOMHCJia, PoMarra McTHCJiaBnqa,

,UaHHJia

PoMaHOBHqa

raJIHllhKOro,

JlbBOBHqa Ta HOrO HaCTYIIHHKiB.

JlbBa

,UaHHJIOBHqa,

qH He BIIeprne TaK )J,eTaJihHO IIO)J,a-

XIII cToJiiTTH, 3a

HO B KHH3i lKHTTerrncn BH)J,aTHHX )J,inqiB KYJILTYPH BH3HaqeHHHM

aBTOpa,

HHKa TnMolj>in, MHTYCH. HOCTi,

,raJIHllhKOI Tpiilu;i"

TaJiaHOBHToro

IOpiH

rrpeMy,ll,poro

pi3L6npa AB,ll,iH

KHHM-

cJiaBeTrroro crriBaKa

3 lliKaBiCTIO qnTaiOThCH CTOpiHKH icTopii p03BHTKY IIHCeM-

OCBiTH,

apxiTeKTypH

raJIHllhKOMY

KHH3iBCTBi.

,I(aJii aBTOp Ha lliKaBHX )J,aHHX )J,lKepeJI i JiiTepaTypH 3MaJihOBY€ KapTHHY BalKKOrO

BHIIpo6yBaHHH

IIpHKaprraTTH

IIiCJIH

yrra)J,Ky

ChKOI )J,epMaBH )J,HHacTil PoMarroBnqiB B cepe,ll,HHi

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHH-

XIV cToJiiTTH.

B u;eil qac raJIHllhKY 3eMJIIO 3arap6aJIH yropChKi <J>eo)J,aJIH i 3arrpaBJIHJIH nero 3a )J,OIIOMororo cBoro rraMicrrnKa BoJIO)J,HCJiaBa OrroJihChKoro. IIicJIH rope3Bicrrol KpeBChKOI yrril )J,OCJii)J,HHK rroKa3ye, mo B pou;i

raJinqnrry

3aXOIIHJia

KOpoJiiBChKa

CBiH a)J,MiHiCTpaTHBHHH IIO)J,iJI ChKOMY

KpaiO.

li)KaBO,

rrpo HaCeJieHi IIYHKTH IIIKOJIH,

KOTpHH

IIIO

IIoJihma.

Bona

1387

BCTaHOBHJia

Ha)J,aJia IIIJIHXTi Ma€TKH B IIpHKaprraTB

KHH3i

IIO)J,aHi

rreprni

IIHCeMHi

3ra)J,KH

XIV -XVII CTOJiiTTH, HKi TaK IIOTpi6rri BqHTeJIIO

3aHMa€ThCH

JIIO 6HTeJIHM- Kp a€3H aBIIHM.

BHBqeHHHM

icTopii

pi,ll,HOrO

KpaiO

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

Kpae3HaBe~h,

BqnTenh,

ToM

~orrnTnHBHH

13 3Han~e

TypncT

TYT rroncneHHH

iCTOpHKO-reorpalj>iqHOI Ha3BH ,,UoKyTTH", ITOXO~.lKeHHH HaHMeHyBaHh ~eHKHX cin

,UoCHTh ~OKRa~HO

MiCT.

xapaKTepncTHKY ITOpH~KiB,

HKi

Kparo

ITO~aHO

XY-XY11

ITOHeBORHRH

Macy

CO~ianhHO-eKOHOMiqny

KHH3i

cT.,

Kpirrocnn~hKHX

BCTaHoBneHHH

KORHCh

BiRhHOrO

CeRHHCTBa,

CTBa, ~pi6HHX 6onp. 3 ~iKaBiCTIO qnTaiOThCH CTOpiHKH icTopii HHX MiCT IIpnKaprraTTH rannqa,

Mitu:aHniTOITHC-

CHHTHHa, TncMeHH~i.

KonOMHI,

3po3yMino, rn:o aBTop rricnn eKoHoMiqnol i rroniTnqnol xapaKTepncTHicTopii KpaiO ITOKa3y€ OIT03H~il0 ITOHeBOReHHX MaC rrpOTH rraHiB-

HOI iH03eMHOI BepxiBKH. rrepepOCRH

rpi3He

U:e

CKaprH

BTeqi

Ha~ioHaRhHO-BH3BORhHe

CeRHH,

1490-1492 poKiB rri~ rrpoBo~oM napo~noro

3eMni

rrnTaHHH

Brreprne

EaraTi Be~hKHM

icTopiorpalj>il

repon

<J>axoBo ~ocni~HTH

ranH~hKiH

Myxn.

U:e

orrpa~hoBane

6yno

BHHBneni

Bono~HMHpOM

y pi3nnx apxiBHHX <J>on~ax JlLBOBa, KneBa, 3a

ITOCTYITOBO

rpa6oBe~hKHM.

rrepiiiO~.lKepena,

apxiBHi

Bpo~naBa

KOBa,

yKpalncLKiH

Bono~HMHpOM

rrpo<J>ecopoM

HKi

ITOBCTaHHH B

rriBcToniTTH

~ann

3Mory

rpa6o-

BaprnaBn, Kpa~eTanhHO

aBTopy

icTopiro IIpnKaprraTTH XYI-XYII

cToniTL.

qnTaq 3 <J>yn~aMeHTanLnoro rreprnoro TOMY Monorpalj>iqnol rrpa~i 3MO.lKe ~oBi~aTHCH 6ypxnnBoro

KaprraTChKoro

KpaiO,

rrepio~ p03BHTKY

Mitu:aH

qnTaiOThCH pyx,

CBO€

rrpo6neMH

rrepio~y.

U:e

icTopil IIpnKaprraTTH -

rrnTaHHH

CO~ianhHO-eKOHOMiqni

KpiiTOCHH~TBa, CO~ianhHe

CTOpiHKH, ~e

rrepe6yBaHHH

TaTapcLKi

rrpo pi3ni

niTorrncnoro

MOBa rrpo

Oco6nnBo

~iHHHM

BH3BOReHHH.

Bi~oMHM

~iKaBiCTIO

IIpnKaprraTTi

( 1613 p.), o6'eKTHBHOI

PoKconann, HKa B

ABTop na rreprno~.lKepenax Brreprne,

BqennM cxo~o3HaB~eM A.

OITpHIIIKiBChKHH

BHCBiTneHHH

icTopil poraTHHChKOI 6paHKH HacTi JiicoBChKOI 6inLrnocTi Bi~oMa 3 neren~.

rrpn-

6opOTb6a CeRHH

KOROpHTHHH

3arropi3LKHX K03aKiB na

narra~n.

~horo

Bi~HOCHHH

rrpaBOBi

aHTHKpiiTOCHH~hKa

Ha~ioHaRbHe

i~e

3aceneHHH

KpnMChKHM, po3KpnBae neBinhHH-

qy ~onw yKpaiHKH 3 PoraTnna. Bi~OMHH

rrpo

cTaH

icTOpHK KynLTypn

YKpaiHH na

rpa6oBe~hKHH

IIpnKaprraTTi

rropyrnye

XYI-XYII

ITHTaHHH

cToniTTnx,

BKa3y€ Ha HaBqaHHH rrpHKaprraTChKHX yKpaiH~iB B €BporreHChKHX yniBepCHTeTaX, ~iHnhnicTh y JlLBOBi IOpin PoraTHH~H,

HK qnena JlLBiB-

ChKoro KYRhTypHO-OCBiTHhOrO ~epKiBHOrO 6paTCTBa, ITOXO~.lKeHHHM 3 PoraTnna.

BoJtoiJuMup

Morrorpalj>i"i 3ra)J,arro

rrpo

cJiaBH03Bicrry

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

CTpaTHHChKY ,ll,pyKaprrro

Ta II )J,inqa, Bi)J,oMoro ,ll,pyKapn i rpaBepa IlaMBO EepHH,ll,y, a TaKoM i HOrO TaJiaHOBHTHH 3aBeprnye

TBip

ChKOI XMeJILHnqqnrrn HHH orry6JiiKyBaB lj>iil,

6pornyp,

rrapo,ll,HHX

CBOIO

HKHX

BlKe

Parrirne

BHCBiTJIIO€ThCH )J,iHJihHiCTh HK

aKa)J,eMiKa BH)J,HO,

HKa

IlpHKaprraTBqe-

pH,ll, rJIH60KOHayKOBHX MOHOrpa-

IIpnKaprraTTH,

KHHrH

K03aqqnrra,

)J,OCJii)J,MeHHHM

16 4 8- 16 54 poKiB.

BiKorroMHHX

p03Bi)J,OK,

CJiaBeHOpOChKHH".

rrpau;10

3 u;iei rrpo6JieMH

repoiB

rpa6iBChKHH. JIHllhKa

,JleKCHKOH

aKa)J,eMiK

TO)J,i

CeMeH IIIO

Bncoqarr

u;e

CBi)J,qHJia

6yJia

rrpo

TaKHX

IBaH

CIIpaBlKHH

icTopnqrri

ra-

BHTOKH

yKpaiHChKOI )J,epMaBHOI co6opHOCTi i Hau;ioHaJihHO-BH3BOJihHHX 3MaraHh, IIIO Haoqrro IIpOHBJIHJIOCH y IIOK03aqerrrri raJIHllhKOrO JIIO)J,Y Ta YTBOpeHHi y

pH,ll,i IIpHKaprraTChKHX MiCT yKpaiHChKOrO MiChKOrO CaMOBpH,ll,yBaHHH. AKa)J,eMiKa

rra3BaTH BalKKO Birr

rpa6oBellhKOro

cyqacrrnM JiiTorrncu;eM YHBHTH

HeO)J,MiHHO

ChOrO)J,HiiiiHiH

u;iJIKOM

IIpnKaprraTTH,

crrpaBe)J,JIHBO

p03BHTOK iCTOpHKO-Kpa€3HaBqOI HayKH.

Bi)J,ryKy€ThCH

BCi

HaHBalKJIHBiiiii

CTaB HaTXHeHHHKOM H

opraHi3aTOpOM IIpOBe)J,eHHH

KOBO-TeopeTHqHHX

rrpaKTHqHHX

MOlKHa

6e3 rry6JiiKau;iil HKoro

icTopnqrri

IIO)J,ii,

rrpo6JieMHHX HQ-

KOH<j>eperru;iil.

II 03HailoMHBIIIHCh 3 rrporrorroBarroro KHHroro,

qnTaq 3MOMe rrorroB-

HHTH CBOI 3HaHHH 3 icTopii pi,ll,HOrO KpaiO, 36araTHTHCh rrepiiiO)J,lKepeJiaMH

HaiiiOI ,ll,YXOBHOCTi,

rrpa6aTLKiBChKoro Bnxi)J,

rreprnoro

6iJihiii

Kopirrrrn, TOMY

rJIH60KO

pi,ll,rroro

ycBi)J,OMHTH

BHTOKH

CBOrO

rropory.

3-TOMHoro

BH)J,aHHH

iJIIOCTpoBarroi

icTopii

IlpHKaprraTTH € IIOKH IIIO €)J,HHHM TaKoro po,ll,y )J,OCJii)J,MeHHHM cepe)), perioHiB YKpaiHH.

IJ)HHHM € i Te, IIIO KHHra 6araTa Ha iJIIOCTpau;ii i,

OC06JIHBO aBTeHTHqHi

MiHiaTIOpH,

rpaB'IOpH,

IIO)J,aHO TaKOlK yHiKaJihHi KapTH BHCOKOMY IIOJiirpalj>iqrroMy piBHi

CXeMH. y

KCepOKOIIii )J,OKyMeHTiB,

U:e

BH)J,aHHH

BHKOHaHe

Bi)J,OMOMY Ha IlpHKaprraTTi BH)J,aB-

HHIITBi ,HoBa 3opn".

MnKoJia

BErEIII,

,ll,HpeKTop HayKoBo-,UocJii)J,rroro IrrcTHTYTY ro

KaprraT03HaBCTBa

rrau;iorraJILHoro

YMropo,ll,ChKO-

yrriBepcnTeTy,

TOP icTopnqrrnx rrayK,

rrpo<J>ecop.

)),OK-

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

Ceim;liu

naM'5lmi

ce!l5lHUHa-mKa'ia

KOi

ApMii

6ambKa

Bacu!l5l

cmpillbU,5l

K020,

MOcO

Fpa6oeeu,b-

YKpaiHCbKOi

Fa!lUU,b-

npUCB5l'iYIO ... ABTOp

IIEPillO,II)KEPEJIA ,UYXOBHOCTI if

BUCOKe

3eM!l5l Yce I

u,e

iJimu

HaM

He6o,

maKa

ece

Haute,

piiJHi

6iiJHa,

HaM piiJHe,

Mamu

Ko!lucKa

3eMJl5l,

6acama

BCbOMY, Kpaiita

11,51

npaU(ypie

MUJla,

cmapux.

Tapac illenqeHKO

Kpail. JIK 6araTO B IIHX CJIOBaX 3MiCTY cepu;ro!

cJiaBHY icTopiiO

u;e rrepiiiO)J,.lKepeJia HaiiiOI iJ,YXOB-

HOCTi, Haiiioro BHyTpiiiiHhOrO 36araqeHHH. )J,OMY,

icTopil CBOIX

CJia6KO THqHe

rrpe)J,KiB,

iHTeJieKTyaJihHO CTaBJieHHH

)1,0

HKi BOHH

Jiro6nTH cniil pi)J,HHH o6epir, iloro 6araToBi-

JIIO)J,HHa

p03BHHYTOIO,

BChOrO

He 3HaiOqH 6aThKiBChKOrO

6y)J,h-HKOI Hau;il € y

He I

He3piJIOIO,

IIOpO)J,.lKY€ThCH

Hau;ioHaJihHOrO,

TaK

HiriJiic-

iHTepHau;io-

HaJihHOrO. Och qoMy KJiacnKH TaK 6araTo ynarn rrpn)J,iJIHJIH 3HaqeHHIO JII06oBi )1,0 icTopil CBOIX rrpe)J,KiB.

3ra)J,aHMO CJIOBa MHKOJIH rorOJIH,

y CTaTTi rrpo yKpaiHChKi HapO)J,Hi rricHi B ,u;e

HapO)J,Ha

icTopiH,

.lKHBa,

HCKpaBa,

HKHH

1833 pou;i IIHCaB, IIIO IIiCHH CIIOBHeHa

lj>ap6

iCTHHH,

HKa

p03KpHBa€ BCe .lKHTTH Hapo)J,y". RK rrpeKpacHo rrncan 0. IlyiiiKiH B JIHCTi )J,O qaa)J,aena 1836 poKy , ... JI

)J,aJieKO

JiiTepaTOp

3aXOIIJIIOIOCH

p03)J,paTOBaHHH,

yciM,

IIIO

6aqy

)J,.lKeHHH, aJie IIpHCHraiOCh, Hi 3a IIIO B CBiTi 6aThKiBIIIHHY KiB

a6o

MaTH

iHIIIY

HaBKOJIO

HK JIIO)J,HHa 3 rrepe)J,Cy)J,aMH

icTopiiO,

KpiM

ce6e: -

CKpHB-

He XOTiB 6n 3MiHHTH icTopii

HaiiiHX

rrpe)J,-

BoJtoiJuMup

HKHH

, Pi)J,nnn

rJIH60KHH

3MiCT

pH)J,Kax

Bipma

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

IlaBJia

rpa6oBChKOro

Kpan": Pi)J,Ha xaTa, III,o 3

MOB Ta KBiTKa,

CKpamae

pi)J,HHM

BeCh

Kpa€M

KBiTHHK,

HKaCh

HHTKa

Te6e 3'e)J,nye naBiK. Ham

IIpHKaprraTChKHH,

Harrpoqy)J,

MaJihOBHHqHif

6araToBiKoBy icTopiro.

U:en perion -

6yB

icTopnqnnx

cBi)J,KOM

lKHTTH

6araTLox

HamHX

eKOHOMiqni

rrpe)J,KiB,

Bi)J,HOCHHH

TYT

KarriTaJiiCTHqHHH CJiaBni

Bixn

HHKHeHHH

lKHTTH

IlpHKaprraTChKHX, qacH IIaHyBaHHH rraTTi

rrpocJiaBHJIH

Eop)J,IOK,

rrepBiCHHX

ce6e

Ta y

cou;iaJihHO-

repol,

rrepio)J,

BH-

MiCT-rpa)J,iB

XI-Xill CT. A B

JIHXOJiiTTH 3a

<J>eo-

qac.

KHH3iBCTBa

6opu;i

BOJIIO,

Ha HK

IlpHKapnapo)J,HHH

(XV CT.)' rnaT i CeMeH Bncoqann, IBaH rpa6iB-

HecTop,

3apo)J,MeHHHM

Jia)J,y,

3apO)J,lKeHHH

EpaTH Jlynrn

(XVII cT.) Ta inmi.

0)J,noqacno i3 BHHHKHeHHHM K03aliTBa na Ta

p03BHBaJIHCH

Ham

CJIOB'HH,

rryJILcyBaJio

03HaMenyBaJIHCH

raJIHllhKOro

TaKi

CBOIO

aKTHBHO

lj>eo)J,aJihHO-KpiiiOCHHllhKOrO

IIOJIKOBO)J,ellh Myxa ChKHH,

rrepiO)J,H

p03KBiTy

TyT

rrepBicnoo6rn:nnnoro

icTopil IIpnKaprraTTH

Ma€

CKJia)J,oBa qacTHHa YKpalnn

rro)J,iil.

crreu;nlj>iqno

erroxy

Kpaif,

cJiaBH03Bicnol

Ha)J,)J,HirrpHHChKiii

3arropi3LKOI

3'HBJIHIOThCH napo)J,Hi MeCHHKH-orrpnmKH,

Ciqi

HKi i3

YKpalni

IIpnKaprraTTi

KaprraTChKHX rip

Be-

iJ,YTh KiJihKa CTOJiiTh aHTHij>eo)J,aJihHY 6opOTh6y i3 3aCHJIJIHM KpiiiOCHOro

rroJihChKO-mJIHXeTChKoro

napo)J,HHX repoiB,

rniTy.

cepe)J,OBHma

BHHmJio

6araTo

cepe)], nnx Jieren)J,apHHM cTaB OJieKca ,UoB6ym.

EaraTo cJiaBHHX cTopinoK y

JiiTorrnc

icTopil IIpnKaprraTTH erroxn

KarriTaJii3My BIIHCaJIH IIpHrH06JieHe CeJIHHCTBO H eKCIIJiyaTOBaHHH po6iTHHqHif

KJiaC.

U:iKaBi

CTOpiHKH

icTopii

p03BHTKY

KYJihTypH

IIpHKaprraTChKOrO

KpaiO.

Iloqnnaroqn 3 raJIHllhKOI ,Tpinu;i" JiiTOIIHCHHX )J,inqiB KYJihTy-

rrpeMy)J,poro

AB)J,iH

KHHlKHHKa

cJiaBeTnoro

crriBaKa

TnMolj>in, MnTycn

KY JlhTypa.

Ky JlhTypHO- rrp OCBiTHHllhKa

CTpaTnna,

PoraTnna,

HapO)J,HOI MHCTeliTBa. CKHT

CTanicJiaBa

apxiTeKTypH

CIIpHHJIH

TaJiaHOBHToro

)J,iHJihHiCTh

6pa TCTB

napo)J,Ha raJinqa,

XVI-XVIII cToJiiTTi, po3BHTOK

rromnpeHHIO

Micu;eBHX

CJiaBHY CTOpiHKY B llhOMY BiKOBOMY IIJIHHi

MaHHBChKHH.

CKYJihiiTopa

po3BHBa€ThCH

Tpa)J,HlliH

qacy BIIHCaB

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

ToM

IlpuKapnammR.

JIKOeh TaK eKJia)J,aJIOeH, UJ:O )J,eeHTUpiqqHMU B KOJieKTUBHUX 36ipHUKaX

qu ieTOpUKO-Kpa€3HaBqux Hapueax IIOeTiHHO 3 BUHU BU)J,aBIJ,iB

TUX, UJ:O 3aTBep)J,.lKyBaJIU pe)J,aKIJ,iHHi IIJiaHU, eKopoqyBaJIU )1,0 MiHiMyMY p03IIOBi)J,i rrpo MUHyJie HaeeJieHUX IIYHKTiB, eiJI, MieT, paUOHiB, a TO

peerry6JiiKU.

II036aBJIHJIO

quTaqa

3HaHh.

Bee

IJ,e,

)J,UBHO, IIOHeHIOBaJIOeh TUM, UJ:O, MOBJIHB, HeMa 110Tpe6u BUeBiTJIIOBaTU MUHyJii A6o qu

Bi3LMiMo

iHIIIUU

Ha)J,BipHy, HUIJ,TBO

ieTopuqHi

rrpo11,eeu.

HKuii-He6y)J,h

HaeeJieHUU

ieTopuKo-Kpa€3HaBquu

IIYHKT'

HK,

IBaHo-<l>paHKiBehK,

,KaprraTU"

rn:o

HarrpUKJia)J,, BU)J,aBaJio

rrpo

Hapue

rrpo Toii

raJiuq,

HpeMqe'

peerry6JiiKaHehKe

BU)J,aB-

60-80 poKaX. TaM MUHyJii eiiOXU IIO)J,aBaJIUeh

eKopoqeHUMU, exeMOIIUeaHUMU U o6Me.lKyBaJIUeh 3araJihHUMU BUeJIOBaMU. TaKe eTaHoBurn:e 6yJio i He

JIUIIIe

BU)J,aBHUII,TBO

BU)J,aBHuqe o6'€)J,HaHHH

3 rryTiBHUKaMu,

,KaprraTu",

aJie

6yKJieTaMu. TaK quHuJio

JlhBiBehKUH

,Burn:a IIIKOJia" Torn:o.

errpUHJIO BUBqeHHIO ieTopii KpaiO,

,KaMeHHp",

Bee 11,e, 3BuqaiiHo, He

36araqeHHIO HaiiiOI iJ,YXOBHOeTi.

0)J,Hi€10 3 Haii6iJihiii Ba.lKJIUBUX rrpall,h 3 rrpo6JieMaTUKU )1,0 BUBqeHHH ieTopil IIpuKaprraTTH € ,leTopin MieT i eiJI YPCP. IBaHo-<l>paHKiBehKa o6JiaeTL". B

11,iii KHU3i 6yJio BMirn:eHo 51

rrpo o6JiaeTh i HapuciB i HOMY

MieTo

IBaHo-<l>paHKiBehK,

Hapue, B TOMY queJii Hapueu

13 paiioHHUX IJ,eHTpiB Ta 37

349 )J,OBi)J,OK rrpo iHIIIi HaeeJieHi IIYHKTU. B HUX Ha ieTopuq-

MaTepiaJii

BUeBiTJIIOBaJiaeH

ieTopiH

KpaiO

rrepBieH006UJ:UHHOrO

Jia)J,y )J,O Harnoro qaey. IIpoTe 11,11 IJ,iHHa rrpa11,11 B ieTopiorpalj>il IIpuKaprraTTH He 3MOrJia qepe3 queJieHHi eKopoqeHHH Ta B euJiy eBO€l eTpyKTypu BUeBiTJIUTU IIOBHieTIO Bci eTaiiU ieTopuqHoro p03BUTKY KpaiO. IIoMiTHuM KHUra

IIi)],

Y.lKropo)J,i.

HBUUJ:eM

Ha3BOIO

)J,opo6Ky

, Ha3yeTpiq

rrpuKaprraTehKUX

Mpil",

UJ:O

BUUIIIJia

ieTopuKiB y

eTaJia

19 78 p011,i B

BoHa 6yJia O)J,Hi€10 3 rreprnux y3araJihHIOIOqux rrpaiJ,h rrpo

MUHyJie i eyqaeHe IBaHo-<l>paHKiBUJ:UHU. KHura rro6y)J,oBaHa B xpoHoJioriqHo-rrpo6JieMHOMY IIJiaHi, B HiM IIi)J,HHTO IIeBHe KOJIO )J,.lKepeJI, BHKOpueTaHO qaeTKOBO ieTopuqHy JiiTepaTypy i IIO)J,aHO IJ,iKaBUU lj>aKTUqHUU MaTepiaJI. AJie

B HiM ieTopiH MUHYJIOrO KpaiO IIO)J,aHa eKopoqeHO.

KpiM IJ,horo, rrpoTnroM 60-80 poKiB 6yJio orry6JiiKoBaHo pH)J, MOHorpalj>iqHux rrpall,h MeHTiB

3 TUX

ieTopii

ieTopuqHUMU

iHIIIUX rrepio)J,iB Ta KiJihKa

HOBOrO

MaTepiaJiaMU

qaey Ta

KpaiO,

UJ:O

36ipHUKiB )J,OKy-

)J,OIIOMaraiOTh

rrepiiiO)J,.lKepeJiaMU

36araTUTU

eUHTeTUqHUU

BHK-

Jia)J, ieTopil IIpuKaprraTTH.

I OEJIACHA EIEJIIOTEKA I

BoJtoiJuMup Jl:ern:o

IIeCy

)J,OIIOBHIOIOTh

MaTepiaJIH

rrpoTnroM

KapTHHY

pi3HHX

6 0-8 0

pp.

HO- <l>paHKiBUJ:HHH

3aKOHOMipHOCTeH

HayKOBHX

rry6JiiKyBaJiaCh

iCTOpHqHoro

KOHij>epeHu;iil,

qacTHHa icTopnqHoro

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

UJ:O

MaTepiaJiy

Ha CTOpiHKaX

rrpo-

Bi)J,6yBaJIHCH 3

icTopil IBa-

o6JiaCHHX

paHOHHHX

ra3eT. IIpoTe B u;iJioMy Ham IIi

HeBeJIHqKi

)J,aHi

110

qnTaq MaJio

eHIIHKJIOIIe)J,HqHi

pi3HHX

3Hae

Bi)J,OMOCTi

BH)J,aHHHX

icTopiro pi)J,Horo Kparo.

icTopii

)J,aiOTh

MHHYJIOrO

MOlKJIHBOCTi

y3araJihHHTH

6araToBiKOBHH icTopnqHnil rrpou;ec B IIpnKaprraTChKOMY perioHi. rOBOpHB

CBOIH

iCTOpHqHoro

,U. C. xoq

)J,ylKe

)J,OBi)J,a€MOCH,

BHOCHTh

JIIO)J,HHa He

Bi)J,OMHH

HayKOBHX

pociHChKHH

iCTOpH3MY,

III: OCh

He)J,aBHhOMY,

XTO lKHB y

IIpOIIJIHBaJIO,

O)J,HiH

BJiyqHo

KOHij>epeHu;iil BqeHHH

UJ:O

BiH

Bi)J,KpHBa€ 30BCiM

HOBe,

TOMY qn iHIIIOMY )J,OMi,

HhOMY

HOrO IliHHe.

6yJIO

CTBOpeHO,

11,yxoBHHM

3MicToM...

MOlKe

JIIO)J,HHH

CBi)J,OMO

BHCOKHH

,aB-

MHHYJIOMY, KoJIH

HKe lKHTTH B HhOMY

HarroBHIO€ThCH

OToqeHHH

aKa)J,eMiK

,Kpa€3HaBCTBO Ha)J,a€ Micu;eBOCTi, HKa He Ma€

IIOXO)J,lKeHHH",

oco6JIHBHH.

Kpa€3HaBCTBa

JlnxaqoB:

TOpChKOrO

)J,OIIOBi)J,i

p03KH-

)J,iM

TOll )J,JIH

HaC

BlKe

Kpae3HaBCTBO

CTyiiiHh iJ,YXOBHOCTi,

6 e3

HKOI

icHyBaTH".

Mn po6nMo crrpo6y )J,aTH B oKpeMnx Hapncax JiiTorrnc IIpnKaprraT3

Haii)J,aBHirnoro

IIOBHHeH Ha

p03KpHTH

OCHOBi TaKoro

pi3Hi

HOBHX po11,y

rrepio11,y

3a6yTi

apxiBHHX

KHnra

o6cTaBHHH,

11,0

a6o

Ham oro

HOBi

)J,OKyMeHTiB

6yJia

3a)J,yMaHa

rreprny

qepry

rn:e

HeraTHBHe

TO)J,iiiiHiX qnHOBHHKiB )1,0

icTopii HaiiiOI MHHYBIIIHHH,

JIHBOCTi

3a)J,yMH.

3)J,iHCHHTH

Haiiii

roMiH

CJiaBHOI

BiKiB

6yBaJihUJ:HHH

orry6JiiKOBaHHX

HaMH

U: en

qacy.

CTOpiHKH

rrpau;h.

60-x

poKax,

CTaBJieHHH

aJie

HaiiiHX

He )J,aBaJIH MOlK-

Bee lK TaKH B TOMY qaci Bcyrrepeq pi3HHM rreperroHaM H orrpau;LoByBaB

rry6JiiKyBaB

BH)J,aHHHX,

3i6paHi

HaMH

iH)J,HBi)J,yaJihHHX

36ipHHKaX, B MypHaJiaX i

MaTepiaJIH

KOJieKTHBHHX

6araThOX

MOHOrpalj>iHX,

MOlKJIHBHX HayKOBHX

ra3eTaX, qnM )J,OHOCHB )1,0 JII06HTeJiiB icTopii

pi)J,HOrO KpaiO CJiaBHi CTOpiHKH JiiTOIIHCY 3 HaiiiOI iCTOpHqHOI 6yBaJihUJ:HHH.

JIHIIIe

Bi)J,pO)J,MeHHH, BqnTeJieBi,

Terrep, rrepe11,a10

y3araJibHeHy

qacn

cy11,

KapTHHY

Harnoro

icTopil

HKUJ:O MOH )J,OBrOJiiTHH rrpau;H 36araTHTh KOMY 11,opora

6araToBiKoBa

)J,yxoBHoro

11,oporoMy

icTopin

qnTaqeBi,

Hau;ioHaJILHoro B

IIpnKaprraTTH.

rreprny ny)J,y

qepry pa)J,HH,

iCTOpHqHy IIaM'HTh BCiM THM,

Harnoro

IIpnKaprraTChKoro

Kparo.

ImocmpoeaHa M now

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

rriBcToJiiTTH

3i6parro

rrpoTIUOM

TOMiB

,HapnciB po)J,y

icTopii

IIpnKaprraTTH".

6araTOTOMHe

IlpoTe uj KHHrH

6yJIH

3Haqrri

icTopnqrri

rreprno-

19 9 2- 19 9 5 pp. 6y JIO orry6JiiKOBaHO IIIiCTh

)J,.lKepeJia, Ha OCHOBi HKHX y

TaKoro

BH)J,aHHH

U:e

cepe)],

6yJio

rreprne

e)J,HHe

Bciei

YKpaiHH.

periorriB

BHKOHaHi o6Me.lKeHHM THpa.lKeM Ha CJia6KOMY

rroJiirpalj>iqrroMy piBrri i

Terrep BOHH

cTaJIH

6i6Jiiorpalj>iqrroro pi)J,Kic-

TIO. ToMy

rra

qnTaqiB

qncJierrrri

BaHa icTopiH JiiTorrnc

rrpoxarrrrn

rraBqaJihHHX

3aKJia)J,iB,

6i6JiioTeK

MaiO HaMip rrepeBH)J,aTH uj BH)J,aHHH IIi)], Ha3BOIO ,IJIIOCTpO-

IlpHKaprraTTH"

rrarnoro

Kparo

BOlO rrepiO)J,H3aUj€10.

B 3-x TOMaX,

HKHX 6y)J,e BHKJia)J,eHHH

xporroJioriqrro-rrpo6JieMHOMY

rrJiarri

no-

IIHX KHHrax 6y)J,e BMimeHO aBTeHTHqHi rpaB'IO-

pH 3 MHHYJIHX BiKiB, CTapOBHHHi KapTH, CXeMH-IIJiaHH cepe)J,HhOBiqHHX lj>opTellh i

3aMKiB TOmO.

IloKH IIIO HiXTO 3 MOIX yqrriB He BiJihHO

rrpao;IOBaTH

Ma€

CTapOBHHHHMH

3MOrH

HaH6JIH.lKqHM

rrepiiiO)J,.lKepeJiaMH

qacOM

3B'H3KY

He)J,OCTaTHiM 3HaHHHM iH03eMHHX MOB, a CaMe JiaTHHChKOI, HiMellhKOI (rOTHqHoi),

CTapOIIOJihChKOI,

HKi

6yJIH

MOBaMH

olj>io;iHHOrO

CIIpaBO-

qHHCTBa y IlpHKaprraTChKOMY Kpai B rrepio)J, cepe)J,HhOBiqqn, HOBOrO i HOBiTHhOrO

qaciB.

Jl y IIOBa.lKHOMY Bio;i i OCKiJihKH

BOHH

KOHqe

xoqy,

IIOTpi6rri

mo6 Ti

BH)J,aHHH

6yJIH

orry6JiiKOBaHi,

HaiiiOMY

qnTaqeBi

rreprny

BHKJia)J,aqaM icTopii By3iB, IIIKiJI, Jiio;eiB MiCT i

ciJI,

o;epKBH, IIIKOJIH, KYJihTypH.

BH)J,aHHi o;iei KHHrH

a)J,MirricTpao;ii i rraqaJihHHKY ,UMHTpoBnqy. (iJ,HpeKTop o. lj>iqrre

qepry,

THM, XTO )J,OCJii)J,.lKY€ icTopiiO

ABTOp CKJia)J,a€ rJIH6oKy IIO)J,HKY 3a MOpaJihHY Mory y

oco6ncTo II roJioBi

<J>irrarrcoBoro

lrop

IleJiexaTnil) KHHrH.

rr.

yrrpaBJiiHHH

Mon mnpa mana i

BHKOHaHHH

MaTepiaJihHY )J,OIIO-

IBaHo-<l>paHKiBChKiH o6JiaCHiH )J,ep.lKaBHiH MnxaiiJioBi

0 ,U A

BnrnnBaHIOKY Ta

Jlorirry

MnpocJiaBoBi

IIO)J,HKa BH)J,aBHHIITBY ,HoBa 3opn" 3a rrpo<J>eciilrre

BH)J,aBrrnqo-rroJiirpa-

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

Po3,IJ,iJI I

B qACH rJIHEOKOI ,UABHHHH i KHIBCbKOI PYCI JJ:OCJIIJJ:HHKH P03KPHBAIOTh JJ:ABHHHY Aest> cv Jii)J,H MHTTH JIIO)J,HHH na TepnTopil IIpnKaprraTTH Bi)J,HOCHThCH 1 jpAJA 11,0 rJin6oKol )J,aBHHHH. CrroqaTKy, o;iJIKOM rrpnpo)J,Hho, 3aceJIIOBaJIHCH )J,OJIHHH

piK ,UnicTpa i

IIpyTy Ta lx rrpnToK.

HayKa 3po6nJia BeJIHKHH rrocTyrr y BnBqenni apxeoJioriqnnx rraM'HTHHKiB na TepnTopil IIpnKaprraTTH, lx KOMIIJieKcne )J,OCJii)J,MeHHH rrpoTHroM

XIX-XX cToJiiTh )J,aJio 6araTHH i u;innnil MaTepiaJI.

BnBqennn

apxeoJioriqnnx

o6'eKTiB

pi3nnx

naceJiennx

rryHKTax

KpaiO Ta p03KOIIKH )J,OIIOMOrJIH apxeoJioraM HayKOBO BHCBiTJIHTH CTapo)J,aBHIO

icTopiro

IIpnKaprraTTH,

crrpocTyBaTH

TBep)J,lKeHHH )J,eHKHX iCTOpHKiB rrpo TepHTOpii

rrepio)J,

qacn po3KBiTy TpnBaJie

,3arrycTiHHH", CJIOB'HHChKHX

TeH)J,enu;inni

,HeOCBOeHHH" o;iei IIJieMeH

HaBiTh

KniBChKOI Pyci.

BnBqennn

naroqn 3 cepe)J,HHH TH

lj>opMyBaHHH

neBipni

apxeoJioriqnnx

MaTepiaJiiB

po3KorroK,

rroqn-

XIX cT., rrepeKOHJIHBO )J,OBO)J,HTh, mo IIpnKaprraT-

naJielKHTh 11,0 Tiel qacTHHH Cxi)J,nol €Bporrn, 11,e rrpoxo)J,HB aKTHB-

HHH rrpoo;ec

lj>opMyBaHHH Ta p03BHTOK

CXi)J,HOCJIOB'HHChKHX IIJieMeH.

lliBTOpaCTOJiiTHi p03KOIIKH i BHBqeHHH IIOJihOBOrO MaTepiaJiy CBi)J,-

qaTh,

naceJieHHH

IIpnKaprraTTH

naii)J,aBnirnnx

qaciB

pi3ni

erroxn rroci)J,aJio TaKy lK MaTepiaJILHY KYJILTypy, HK i lKHTeJii llo)J,nirrpoB'H)J, ApxeoJiorin Mae

CBOIO

BnBqennn

o;iKaBy

Brreprne rroqaJIH 3HaBo;i

36npaqi

rrepBicnoo6mnnnoro

Jia)J,y

IIpnKaprraTTi

icTopiiO. po6nTH po3KOIIKH B apxeoJioriqnnx

XIX cToJiiTTi Mico;eBi Kpae-

eKcrronaTiB,

HKi

cBol

3Haxi)J,KH

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi51

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

XIX cT. eKcrrorryBaJIH rra KpaeBnx rrpoMHCJIOBHX BHCTaBKax y

Kirrrvr

KoJIOMHI (1680 p.), TeprrorroJii (1881 p.), JlLBOBi (1894 p.). qacTnrry u;Loro apxeoJioriqrroro MaTepiaJiy 36eperJIH JII06nTeJii pi,ll,rroro Kparo. Iloqnrraroqn

cepe,ll,HHH

XIX cT.,

BH)J,iJIH€ThCH

rpyrra

rrayKoBu;iB

JlhBiBChKOI apxeoJioriqrroi IIIKOJIH, HKi 3aHMa10ThCH BHBqeHHHM apxeOJIOriqHHX

rraM'HTHHKiB

IIiorrepaMH

raJinqnrrn,

u;nx

TOMY

qncJii

110Tpi6HHX

Ba.lKJIHBHX

IIpnKaprraTTH.

)J,JIH

HayKH

CTaJIH TaKi Bi)J,OMi JlhBiBChKi Bqerri, HK O)J,HH i3 )J,iHqiB ,PycLKOI Tpinu;i" i roJIOBallhKHH, raJIHllhKHX

crriBaBTop aJILMarraxy , PycaJIKa ,UrricTpoBa" RKiB

Kpa€3HaBellh ArrTiH

)J,.lKepeJI

rrpolj>ecop

IleTpyllleBnq, rrpeKpaCHHH 3HaBellh JlhBiBChKOrO

yHiBepCHTeTy Ifocn<J>

Borrn

BnBqnJIH

o6'eKTOM

6araTo

CTaJia

)J,OCJii)J,.lKeHh

CJiaBH03BiCHOI

icTopiH

rraM'HTHHKiB

apxeoJiorii,

JiiTOIIHCHOrO

raJinqa,

13H,ll,Op

IleJieHChKHH.

aJie

roJIOBHHM

OCKiJihKH,

u;e

6yJIO

orrpaB)J,aHO, BHHHKJia HayKOBa )J,HCKyciH rrpo Micu;e JIOKaJii3au;ii CTapoBHHHOrO

CTOJihHOrO

BHecoK 3po6nB

rpa)J,a

raJinqa,

BHBqeHHH

HKOrO

Haii6iJihiiiHH

I. UUaparreBnq.

B.lKe Ha rrepiiiOMY apxeoJioriqrroMy 3'I3)J,i B Pocii RKiB

roJIOBau;h-

KHH BHCTyrraB 3 )J,OIIOBi)J,)J,IO rrpo apxeoJioriqrri rraM'HTHHKH )),BOX periOHiB

raJIHqHHH

MaTepiaJin,

EyKoBHHH.

HKi

rra

Toil

Birr

qac

eKcrrorryBaB

rra llhOMY

rrarpoMa)J,HJIHCH

rricJIH

3'I3)J,i )J,eHKi

apxeoJioriqrrnx

p03KOIIOK. B )J,OCJii)J,.lKerrrri apxeoJioriqrrnx o6'eKTiB IIpnKaprraTTH 6paJIH yqacTh rrpe)J,cTaBHHKH

rroJihChKOI rrayKn.

lliHHi lliKaBi MOrHJihHHKH,

TaK,

rrarrpHKJia)J,,

KpaKiBChKoro yrriBepcnTeTy B. II111n6ncJiaBChKHH. p03KpHJIH

qnMaJIO

rra

ropo)J,eHKiB-

IIOCeJieHHH Ta ropO,ll,Hllla BHBqaB rrpolj>ecop

apxeoJioriqrrnx

Ta€MHHllh

fl: oro

)J,aBHiX

)J,OCJii)J,.lKeHHH

KYJihTyp.

B )J,OBoerrrrnii rrepio)J,, a Toqrrillle B 30-x pp., apxeoJiorn rrpoBO)J,HJIH po3KOITKH B pH,ll,i rraceJierrnx rryHKTiB IIpnKaprraTTH.

CaMe B u;eil qac

BeJIHKHH pe3orrarrc 3)J,o6yJIH rracJii)J,KH po3KorroK y KpnJioci, )J,e B 1937 pou;i

yKpaiHChKHH

MaTepiaJIH.

EyB

lli)J, 3aJIHIIIKaMH

apxeoJior .HpocJiaB 3Hail)J,errnil

capKolj>ar

IIacTeprraK KHH3H

yrriKaJILHi

OcMOMHCJia

Y ClleHChKOrO co6opy.

,UocJii)J,.lKeHHH apxeoJioriqrrnx rraM'HTHHKiB ,ll,pyroi

Bi,ll,KpHB

.HpocJiaBa

rroJIOBHHH

XIX -

)J,O

cepe,ll,HHH

IIpnKaprraTTH rrpoTHroM

XX cT.

6yJIH

Ba.lKJIHBHMH,

rrarpoMa)J,HJIH

qnMaJio apxeoJioriqrroro MaTepiaJiy, O)J,HaK BHCHOBKH IX

BnBqerrrrH rre

3aB.lK)J,H

o6'eKTHBHO ou;irrroBaJIHCH BqerrnMH.

TaK,

rroJih-

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

ChKi apxeOJIOrH BHXO)J,HJIH i3 CBOIMH KOHllenu;iHMH, B HKHX HaMaraJIHCH nOHCHIOBaTH p03KOnaHi MaTepiaJIH 3 n03Hllil nOJihChKOI KOJIOHi3allil Kparo, nepe6iJILIIIyBaTH poJih roTChKHX nJieMeH y 3aceJienni IIpnKapnaTTH, ChKHX

CJia6o

noceJieHh

p03p06JIHJiaCH B

npo6JieMa

KapnaTChKOMY

perioHi

aBTOHOMHOCTi

IIIO )J,HBHO,

CJIOB'HH-

npHMeHIIIy-

BaBCH 3B'H30K KniBChKOI Pyci 3 raJIHllhKHMH 3eMJIHMH B IX-XIIil cT. 3naqno aKTHBi3yBaJiacH po6oTa apxeoJioriB no BnBqennro IIpnKapnaTTH

nOBO€HHHH

IncTHTYT

icTopil

nepio)J,,

3anoqaTKyBaB

MaTepiaJihHOI

KYJILTypn

£110

CPCP

npo<J>ecopa Jieninrpa)J,ChKoro yniBepcnTeTy M.

HayKOBY

ni)J,

npau;10

KepiBHHIITBOM

Kaprepa.

,UaJii nJii)J,HO npau;roBaJIH nayKoBu;i IncTHTYTY apxeoJioril AH

YPCP

(T. C. IIaceK, €. K. qepnniii), Jieninrpa)J,ChKoro )J,epMaBnoro EpMiTa-

CMipnoBa,

IoannicHH),

IncTHTYTY

apxeoJioril AH

YPCP (B. ,U. Eapan, JI. B. BaKyJieHKo, ,U. H. Ko3aK, JI. II. CoJI)J,aTeHKo), Bi)J,)J,iJiy apxeoJioril IncTHTYTY cycniJihHHX nayK AH YPCP (B.

JI. I. KpyiiieJihHHllhKa, JI.

B. AyJiix,

Mau;KeBOH, 0. 0. PaTnq, I. K. CB€IIIHiKOB,

10. M. CMiiiiKo, B. M. U:nrHJIHK, 0. II. qepnniii). IM )J,onoMaraJIH i caMi

npoBO)J,HJIH

apxeoJioriqni

eKcne)J,Hllil

BHKJia)J,aqi

IBano-<l>panKiB-

ChKoro ne)J,aroriqnoro incTHTYTY iM. B. CTelj>annKa, E. A. BacnJieHKo,

I. T. KoqKiH Ta nayKoBi cniBpo6iTHHKH o6Jiacnoro Kpae3HaBqoro My3eiO I.

II.

Apcennq,

II.

ToMenqyK,

ByHHKO.

EaraTo

npau;i

BHBqeHHH apxeoJioriqHHX naM'HTHHKiB nepio)J,y naJieOJiiTy BKJiaB Bi)J,OMHH Kpae3HaBellh 3 CMT. ,UeJIHTHHa M. IIpOTHrOM KiCTh

40-80

naM'HTHHKiB,

pycLKHM 0)J,HaK,

pp.

IIHMH

KJianqyK.

apxeoJioraMH

noqnnaroqn

Bi)J,

BHBqeno

naJieoJiiTy

3Haqny

Kinqaroqn

KiJih-

)J,aBHhO-

nepiO)J,OM. u;e

JIHIIIe

npnKapnaTChKHX

HeBeJIHKa

apxeoJioriB

qacTHHa KOJier

IIHX 3

p03KOnOK,

KneBa

OCKiJihKH

Ta JlLBOBa

qeKae

BeJIHKa i

nanpyMena po6oTa no BnBqennro 6araTLox naM'HTOK apxe-

oJioril B

KapnaTChKOMY

perioni.

MeTOIO ni)J,rOTOBKH TOMY

TypH

,3Be)J,eHHH naM'HTOK icTopii Ta KYJih-

IBano-<l>panKiBChKOI o6JiacTi"

apxeoJiorn

BacnJieHKO

E. II. ToMenqyK npoBeJIH npoTHroM 1968-1989 pp. BeJinqe3HY po6oTY,

BHHBHJIH Ha TepHTOpii IIpHKapna TTH noHa)J,

1000 HOBHX naM'HT-

HHKiB apxeoJioril.

B Ch oro 3a )J,aHHMH CJIOBHHKa, CKJia)J,enoro 3ra)J,ann-

MH apxeoJioraMH,

Ha ChOrO)J,Hi Ha TepHTOpii IBaHO- <l>paHKiBIIIHHH 3a-

lj>iKCOBaHO 14 9 0 naM'HTHHKiB apxeoJioril. Cepe)], nnx nai16iJILIIIe ( 10 38)

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

MOrHRhHHX rroceneHh, rHRhHHKiB, Ta

iHIIIi

BH)J,H

136 KypraHHHX ITOXOBaHh, 57 rpyHTOBHHX MO-

ropO)J,HID:,

KypraHiB,

MaHCTepHi

Terrep rra IIpnKaprraTTi rrapaxoByeThCH 225 HeoniTnqHHX CTOHHOK,

Typn,

115 rraM'HTOK )J,o6n 6poH3H,

MiKn,

230

ronirpa)J,ChKOI

KYRhTypH

Han6inLrne 3a

qnTh

qncno

MacoBe

300 rraM'HTOK )J,o6n rrane-

100

KynLTypn rnrrypoBoi Kepa60

KypraHiB,

paHHh03ani3HOI )J,06H, 50

cTarroBnHTh )J,aBHhopycLKi

rraM'HTKH.

rrpo

BHpo6iB

300 rraM'HTOK TpHITiRhChKOI KYRh-

KYRhTypn,

KaprraTChKHX

TBep)J,.lKeHHHMH

BHHBReHi

ropHOBHX

rraM'HTHHKiB.

oniTy,

ToM

apxeonora

Ha HOrO iJ,YMKy,

3aceneHHH

CXi)J,HHX -

BacnnerrKa,

IX -

CROB'HH.

325. u;e

rn:e

KiRhKa THCHq,

rre

Io:O

Bci

CBi)J,-

IBarro- <l>parrKiBID:HHH B cnBy )J,aBHHHY.

Cepe)], rrpnKaprraTChKHX apxeonoriqrrnx o6'eKTiB 3Haqrry rpyrry cTaHOBRHTh

rraM'HTHHKH

CROB'HHChKOrO

p03CeneHHH

)J,aBHhOpyChKHH

rrepio)J,. Pe3ynLTaTH )J,ocni)J,.lKeHh pi3rrnx BH)J,iB rraM'HTOK, IX rrepio)J,iB i KYRhTyp RHrRH rpalj>in,

B OCHOBY pH)J,y iH)J,HBi)J,yanhHHX H KOReKTHBHHX MOHO-

CTaTeH Ta HayKOBHX ITOBi)J,OMReHh,

Io:O 6ynH orry6niKOBaHi B

50-80 pp. y BH)J,aBHHIITBaX, pi3HHX .lKyprranax, rn:opiqHHKaX, HayKOBHX 36ipHHKaX,

Te3aX

)J,OITOBi)J,eH

aKTHBHoro )J,ocni)J,.lKeHHH

ITOBi)J,OMReHh.

apxeonoriqrrnx

U:e

rraM'HTOK

crrpaB)J,i rrarnoro

6yB

qac

Kparo.

,Uocni)J,HHKaMH u;nx apxeonoriqrrnx rrocenerrh 3'11coBarro 6araTo crriprrnx rrnTaHh Bi)J,rrocrro noKani3arrii rraM' HTOK rraneoniTy, rrepio)J,y Me3oniTy, rreoniTy, 6porr3oBoro i 3ani3rroro BiKiB, ane rran6inLrny 3arriKaBnerricTh

rrayu;i

rra

cnoB'Hrr, IX rroHBa niTTi rrarnoi HayKoBa rrerrh

II -

cLoro)J,Hi

BHKRHKae

rrpo6neMa

eTrrorerre3y

po3ceneHHH rra IIpnKaprraTTi B rreprnoMy THcHqo-

epHj cyrrepeqKa rroqaToK

rroqanacH

qeprrHxiBChKOI

KynLTypn

(Ki-

V cT.), HKa 6yna 3Hail)J,erra rra IIpnKaprraTTi B

cenax EoBrniB, ,UeM'HrriB, He3BHChKo, OcTpiBerrL, YcTH, KopocToBnqi,

Io:O

CTann,

eTaROHaMH

iJ,YMKY

)J,eHKHX

paHHhOCROB'HHChKHX

apxeonoriB,

rraM'HTOK

)J,RH

)1,0

rreBHOI

MipH

U:eHTpanhHOI

Cxi)J,HOI €Bporrn, t ,Uo p03KOITOK Ha llpHKaprraTTi IIIO KYRhTypy O)J,Hi apxeonorH BBa.lKaRH Bciero cnoB'HHChKOIO, irrrni roTChKOIO. HacrrpaB)J,i po3KOITKH, rrpoBe)J,erri B 50-60-x pp. ITOKa3ann, KaprraTTi,

apxeonoraMH

M. 10. CMiiiiKOM, B. ,U. EaparroM

Io:O rri KYRhTYPH MO.lKHa po3qneHyBaTH, no BepxiB'Hx ,UrricTpa, )J,e

caMe

llpH-

BHHBnerro rraM'HTKH, HKi xapaK-

BoJtoiJuMup

Po3KOnKu

cJtoB RHCbKOi!O niiJ

TepH3YIOThCH JiiiiHOI

HaHBHiCTIO

KepaMiKH,

3B'H3aTH

1:110

(Y- YII cT.)

noceJteHH5l

KepieHuu,meoM

T06TO

rpyrry

npoi]Jecopa

3ar JIH6JieHHX 3

TaKHMH

rraM'HTOK

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

J(eM RHiB

Fa!lUU,bKOi!O

BoJtoiJuMupa

EapaHa

.lKHTeJI

BeJIHKO I

eJieMeHTaMH,

UJ:O

paHHhOCJioB'nnchKHMH

paCioHy

KiJihKOCTi

)1,03BOJIHIOTh rraM'HTHHKaMH

011,ne 3 naiiKparn:nx rroceJieHh, 11,e 6yJIH BHHBJieni 3ra11,ani

IIaM'HTHHKH

bOBIIIeBi

11,e

3apa3

Bnpye

EypiiiTHHChKe

o3epo. ,U OKTop icTopnqnnx nayK, 3aBBi)J,)J,iJioM incTHTYTY apxeoJiorii H YKpaiHH, noBi

ypo)J,.lKeneo;h

IIpnKaprraTTH B.

(11,0 peqi, CBO€MY pi)J,HOMY ceJii)

,U.

Eapan Bi)J,KpHB y ,UeM'H-

raJIHllhKOro pailony, 3eJieHOMY

rai 6iJIH 3aJiiUJ:HK, He3BHChKY paHHhOCepe)J,HhOBiqni rroceJieHHH CJIOB'HH, HKi )1,0 50-X poKiB Haiiioro CTOJiiTTH TaKHX IIOCeJieHh

6yJIH Bi)J,OMi B Hayo;i.

ITO ,UnicTpy BHHBJieHO IIOHa)J,

Ba.lKJIHBOIO KYJILTyporo, HKa Mae rreBne €

KYJihTypa KaprraTChKHX

KypraHiB,

Bi)J,HOIIIeHHH

IIaM'HTHHKH,

o;iJioMy

MO.lKHa

11,0 cJioB'nn,

HKi p03TaiiiOBaHi Ha

KoJioMnilrn:nni. IX )J,OCJii)J,.lKyBaJIH JihBiBChKHH rrpo<J>ecop Ta KHIBChKHH apxeoJior

Terrep

100.

M. 10. CMiiiiKO

JI. B. BaKyJieHKO.

cKa3aTn,

apxeoJioriqnnx po3KOIIOK na

rn:o

naiiBa.lKJIHBiiiiHMH

IIpnKaprraTTi

)J,ocnrneHHHMH

e )J,OCJii)J,.lKeHHH rraM'HTOK

ImocmpoeaHa

1-11

icmopi5l

IIOJIOBHHH

THIIOJIOriqHo BHpiiiieHHH

OJIOriB

)J,a€

Jia)J,y

rreprnoro

3B'H3aHi

IIHTaHHH

3HaqHa

IlpuKapnammR.

co6o10,

TpHBaJia

CTOHHOK

)1,0

MaTepiaJIH

BeJIHKe

HKHX

3HaqeHHH

)J,JIH

eTHOreHe3y.

rro6aqHTH, IIJiaHi

epH,

Ma€

HayKOBO-)J,OCJii)J,HHIIhKa

XpOHOJIOriqHoMy

OJiiTHqHHX

HaiiiOI

JD:O

CJIOB 'HHChKOrO

M01KJIHBiCTh

THCHqoJiiTTH

Mi1K

ToM

HKi

po6oTa

IIOCeJieHHH

3MiHIOBaJIH

rrepe)J,CJIOB' HHChKOrO

6araThOX

apxe-

rrepBiCH006tu:HHHO-

O)J,He qacy

O)J,HOrO Ha

Bi)J,

IIaJie-

llpHKaprraTTi.

BIJJ: IIAJIEOJIITY JJ:O 3AJII3HOfO BIKY TOHHKH

rrepBiCHHX

Tpiqa€MO IIpyT.

T JiyMaiiLKoro

BHHBHJIH

rreprni

CJii)J,H

HaHCTapiiiiiH

BoHH

)J,06i

pailoHy,

rrepe6yBaHHH

Bi)J,HOCHThCH )J,O )J,o6n

38-40

3rO)J,OM

tu:e

BHHBJieHO

erroxn

OJiernoBi

3YC-

Ha piu;i

iHIIIHX

JIIO)J,eH

p03BHTKY.

cepe,ll,Hhoro

THC.

rra-

poKiB TOMy).

IIOCeJieHHH

BepxHhOMY

apxeoJiorn

JIIO)J,ChKOrO

JieoJiiTy (rrpH6JIH3HO

u;i€1

MH i

CaMe TyT, Ha TepnTopil ceJia

EyKiBHH

JIIO)J,eH

ilO)J,HiCTpOB'I

Maii)J,aHi,

JIIO)J,eH ,UoJIHHi,

HaceJieHHX

rryHKTax

IIpnKaprraTTH. BeJIHKY rrhHLoro ,I(HiCTpa

KiJihKiCTh

HOrO

OcHOBHHM 6yJIO

3aHHTTHM

BoHH,

CTOHHKH

3Haii)J,eHo

qaciB

6eperax

IIpHTOK.

MHCJIHBCTBO,

IIJIO)J,iB.

24 3

rraJieoJiiTy

rrepBicHHX

36HpaHHH

OCHOBHOMY,

JIIO)J,eil

JiiCOBHX )J,HKHX

Tun

3aCeJIHJIH TepHTOpii,

nepeicHof moiJuHu

JD:O

3BiJihHHJIHCH

Bi)J,

o6Jie)J,eHiHHH. rociiO)J,apCTBO poriB TOK,

)J,epeBa

BHHBHB

BeJIOCH

TBapHH. Ta

LKHTJia IIIKipH.

apxeoJior

rOCTpOKOHeqHHKiB, rrpnKaprraTChKa lloJIIOBaJIH

TO)J,i

)J,OIIOMOrOIO

IJ)KaBHMH KJiarrqyK

CKpe6KiB,

JIIO)J,HHa Ha

3HapH,ll,h

CIIOpy,ll,1KyBaJIHCh

3HaXi)J,KH

,UeJIHTHHa.

H01KeiiO)J,i6HHX

u;Loro

BeJIHKOrO

6yJIH

qacy

3Bipa

HeBeJIHKi,

OBaJihHi,

IlhOrO

KiCTOK 3

Kic-

rrepio)J,y,

ocHoBi

3HapH,ll,h

3aiiMaJiacn

MaMOHTa,

KaMeHIO,

HKi

3Haii)J,eHHX BH)J,HO,

JD:O

MHCJIHBCTBOM.

peiiiTKH

HKOrO

BHHB-

BoJtoiJuMup

Jieni

CJZoci6 1cmJJAixm

3aM 5uwx

raJinqi

III HX

mo;wpi6

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

in-

Micu;eBOCTHX

Kparo. To)J,i )J,OMinyBaJIH

KpeM' Hni

3napH)J,-

rrpau;i.

)J,H

cepe)J,nhoro

KaM'nnoro Me30JiiTy

(11-7 THC.

poKiB )1,0

naiiiOI epn)

na ChOrO)J,ni BHHBJieno

125 II aM' HTOK i JIHIIIe )J,eHKi 3 nHX )J,OCJii)J,Meni.

XapaKTepno )J,JIH u;iel erroxn,

HK BHHBJieno y

e Te, IIIO JIIO)J,H MHJIH y Kypennx i narriB3eMJIHnKax. Bonn

CTapyni,

3aHMaJIHCH CTpiJiaMH

MHCJIHBCTBOM Ta

iniiiHMH

3 )J,06H neoJiiTy -

pn6aJihCTBOM,

KpeM'HnHMH

)1,0

KYJihTYPH

3ar JIH6JienHX rrocyiJ,). Ka,

JiiniH,

KOpHCTyBaJIHCH

nOBOrO KaM'Hnoro BiKy

TO)J,iiiini

(6-4 THC. poKiB TOMy)

To)J,i MHJIH JIIO)J,H, HKi naJie-

JiiniHnO-CTpiqKOBOI HKHMH

JiyKaMH,

3napH)J,)J,HMH.

na IIpnKaprraTTi BHHBJieno 34 rraM'HTKH. MaJIH

ceJiax He3BHCLKY i

KepaMiKH

lKHTeJii

(na3Ba

rriiiiJia

IIpHKpaiiiaJIH

Bi)J,

rJIHnHnHH

IIaM'HTKH u;iel KYJILTypn BHHBJieno 6iJIH EoBIIIeBa, He3BHCh-

roJiocKoBa Ta B iniiinx panonax IIpnKaprraTTH.

OcnoBoiO rocrro-

)J,apcTBa IIHX IIpHKaprraTChKHX IIJieMen 6yJIO MHCJIHBCTBO, CKOTapCTBO, 3eMJiepo6cTBo, ronqapne Bnpo6nnu;TBO i

rroqaTKH TKaliTBa.

Oco6Jin-

BO 6araTe na rraM'HTKH u;iel KYJILTypn ceJio He3BHChKo, )J,e apxeoJiorn BHHBHJIH TyT

3aJIHIIIKH

3nan)J,eno

3epna

IIIIIennu;i,

3epna,

KaM'Hni

BnrraJIIOBaJin, o6po6JieniH Ta

)J,eHKi

p03BHTKY

na3eMnHX lKHTeJI,

KaM'nni

ropoxy, COKHpH,

rricJIH TaKHM

6o6oBi

36y)J,OBanHX 3 )J,epeBa i

3epnoTepKH, BeJIHKi MOTHKH

qoro qnnoM

KaM'nni

rJIHnHni 3

KYJihTypH.

U:e

IIOCY)J,HnH pory.

KiCTOK

o6po6JIHJIH 3eMJii

BKJia)J,HIIIi

)J,epeB'HnHMH

BHPOIIIYBaJIH CBi)J,qHJIO

)J,JIH JlicoBi

ceprriB,

36HpannH )J,iJIHnKH

MOTHKaMn.

nqMinh,

rrpo

rJIHnH.

)J,O

3naqni

lKHTO,

rrpoco

3pyiiiennH

rOCIIO)J,apCTBa.

CKap6 KpeM'nnnx rrJiacTnnoK IBano-<l>panKiBChKa no ByJI.

nyKJieyciB, BHHBJienHH na TepHTOpii

reTbMana Ma3eiiH B

1964 pou;i, rrpHKpa-

IIIa€ eKCII03HlliiO o6Jiacnoro Kpae3naBqoro My3eiO. I1o)J,i6ni nyKJieycn

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

TpuniflbCbKe

3Haii)J,eHi KpeM'HHHH B

noce!leHH5l.

1973 pouj y

HaKOHeqHHH

iHIIIHX

PeKoHcmpyKU,i5l

qepHHTHHi,

CTapoMy Jlncuj

CIIHC.

Micu;eBOCTHX

JIHIIi, rpy3HJia,

ceJii

ToM

BHHBJieHo KaM'HHi

MOJIOTKH,

rJIHHHHi rrpnc-

KpeM'HHi 3HapH)J,)J,H rrpau;i, IIIJiilj>oBaHi COKHpH.

naraTO

KpeM'HHHX 3HapH)J,h rrpau;i 3HaH)J,eHO B bJIIO)J,HHKax, niJihiiiiBIIHX, B ep6nJiiBIIHX, Me)J,HHi,

BiKTOpoBi, MapTHHOBi,

roJIOCKOBi, )J,e

rraHyBaB

3aJiyKBi, KYJILT

KoHIOIIIKax,

MaTepi

KYJILT

KoMapoBi, )J,OMaiiiHix

TBapHH. III,e 6iJihiii p03BHHYTHMH 6yJIH IIJieMeHa TpHIIiJihChKOI KYJihTypn, HKi .lKHJIH Ha llpHKaprraTTi 3 cepe)J,HHH 4 THCHqoJiiTTH )1,0 KiHIIH 3 THCHqoJiiTTH.

IIpo6JieMa

BnBqeHHH

u;iei yHiKaJihHOI KYJILTypn ciB

HeoJiiTy

Mae

u;iKaBy

Topiro. KoJIH II Brrepiiie HBHB

Bi)J,OMHH

apxeoJior

qa-

icBH-

yKpaiHChKHH B.

XBoiiKo

KiHu;i XIX cToJiiTTH 6iJIH ceJia TpnrriJIJIH

KniBIIIHHi

(Bi)J,

qoro BOHa OTpHMaJia Ha3BY), )J,OCJii)J,HHKH

p03CeJieHHH

3HaqHe

CIIO)J,iBaJIHCh IIHX

PeKoHcmpyKU,i5l

mpuniflbCbKOf xamu

BoJtoiJuMup

MaKem rrJieMeH

mpuniflbCbKOi!O

J~CumJta

Ha YKpaiHi.

JiiTepaTypi

PeKoHcmpyKu,i5l

A THM qacoM IX Bi)J,KpHTO )J,y.lKe 6araTo. TiJihKH

Ha IIpnKaprraTTi BHHBJieHo B

noceJteHH5l.

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

rrpniiHHTO

300 rraM'HTOK. BBa.lKaTn,

rn:o

TpnrriJihChKa

KYJILTypa

BH-

HHKJia B pe3yJihTaTi rrpocyBaHHH Ha Cxi)J, )J,aBHh03eMJiepo6ChKHX IIJieMeH

naJIKaH Ta

llo)J,yHaB'H,

HKi

3MiiiiaJIHCH

3 Mico;eBHM

HaCeJieH-

HHM. BqeHi

apxeoJiorn po3pi3HHIOTh Tpn eTarrn TpnrriJihChKOI KYJILTypn

paHHiH

4 THC.

3,5 THC. p. )1,0 H. e., HKHH Ha llpHKaprraTTi

IIpOCTe.lKy€ThCH HCKpaBO B ropO)J,HHlli ropo)J,eHKiBChKOrO paHOHY, cepe)J,HiH -

3500-2750 pp. )J,O H. e., rn:o BH)J,HO i3 rroceJieHh B He3BHCh-

.lK

Toro

THIIOBHH

pailoHy, ceJii

rri3Hiil

KoMapiB

raJIHllhKOro

2 750-2000

pp.

)J,O

pailoHy. Po3KorraHi rroceJieHHH Ti

TpnrriJihChKi

Ha IIpnKaprraT-

OCTaHHiX

)J,eCHTHpiq-

qnx rrepeKOHJIHBO HK

o;e

BH)J,HO

CBi)J,qaTh, Haif6iJihiii

THIIOBHX

IIOCeJieHh

pO)J,HHlli,

H e3BHChKa,

roKpn-

Jioca, BiKTopoBa, OJieiiiKOBa,

MapKoBoi,

KoMapoBa IX 3Hap5liJiJ5l

npau,i

mpuniflbCbKOf

Hacie KY!lbmypu

HaceJieHHH

MHCJIHBCTBOM,

EoBrneBa, iHrnnx,

rn:o

3aiiMaJIOCh pn6aJihCTBOM

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

(Ha paHHhOMY eTarri), 36Ha

paJihHHIITBOM,

3rO)J,OM

TBapHHHHIITBOM

3eMJie-

po6CTBOM. Y

IIpHKaprraTChKHX

TpH-

IIiJihlliB 3 'HBJIHIOThCH Ha3eMHi .lKHT Jia, CTiHH HKHX BHIIJieTeHi Ma3ani

rrpyTTH

rJIHHOIO,

6y Jill 06-

3YCTpiqa-

IOThCH y.lKe 3HapH)J,)J,H 3 Mi)J,i, xoq

)J,OMinye

KpeM'HHHX pH)J,h

rrpau;i

6araTo

KiCTHHHX

IlocyiJ

mpuniflbCbKOf

KY!lbmypu

3Ha-

(KpeM'HHHH

cepiT

Hi.lK),

BHrOTOBJIH€ThCH KepaMiqHHH

rrocy)J,. RK

rroKa3yiOTh

rrpe)J,MeTH

apxeoJiori qni

rro6yTy

3HaXi)J,KH,

TpHIIiJihlli

IIpHKpac 3 KpeMeHH, KiCTKH,

BHrOTOBJIHJIH

pory Ta rJIHHH.

U:e

pi3HOMaHiTHi KpeM'HHi CKpe6aqKH, HO.lKi, pi3u;i, CBep)J,Jia, KiCTHHi TeCJia H

CBep)J,JieHi

COKHpH-MOJIOTH,

HH,

poroBi MOTHKH,

Ta,

IIIO Y

CBi)J,qHTh

TpnrriJihlliB

rJIHHHHi rrpo

rroqaTOK

qncJieHHi .lKinoqi

qoMy y

rJIHHHHi

IIpOKOJIKH,

peMeCJia.

no Bciil

YKpaini,

rranyBaB MaTe-

6araTLox IX rroceJieHHHX 3Haxo-

CTaTyeTKH,

HKi,

Ha iJ,YMKY crreu;iaJiic-

TiB, BBa.lKaiOTh CHMBOJIOM po)J,roqocTi, IIJIO)J,OBHTOCTi Tomo. HH

xapaKTepni

TpyrroKJia)J,eHHHM

HaMHCTH-

rpy3HJia )J,JIH TKallhKOrO BepcTa-

TKallhKOrO

IIpnKaprraTTH, HK

pHHChKHH po)J,OBHH Jia)J,, och )J,HMO

KiCTHHi lliHJia,

IIpHCJia,

TpyrrocrraJieHHHM.

IIoxoBaHMaTepiaJIH

po3KOIIOK rroKa3yiOTh i cBoepi)J,nicTh IX eTnorpalj>iqnoro .lKHTTH. Bonn ceJIHJIHCH na 6eperax piqoK a6o na Micu;Hx, )J,e 6yiJ,yBaJIHCH rJinno6nTni i )J,OBri .lKHT Jia 3 OKpeMHMH MH,

CeKu;iH-

HKHX

IIpO.lKHBaTH

B3araJii

KOIIKH IIIO IIHX

nocyiJ

6poH30Boco

BiKy

po3-

IIOKa3yiOTh, pi3HHX

narnoro

KaprraTTH

T!lUH5lHUCi

MOrJIH ciM'l.

MicIIpn-

rro6yT

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeu,bKUi1

CKJiaBcH rro-pi3rroMy,

a cycrriJih-

rroro oprarri3au;iero 6yB rraTpiapxaJihHHH

pi)J,.

IIJieMerra 6poH30BOI )J,o6n, mo OXOIIJIIOBaJia

)],pyre

rroqaToK

rreprnoro THcnqoJiiTTH )J,O H.

e.,

Bi)J,oMi B apxeoJioriqrriil rrayuj rra IIpnKaprraTTi KYJILTypaMn, 3 HKHX

115 rraM'HTOK. B

rrapaxoByeThCH

rriBrriqrro-cxi)J,rriil

qacTHHi

Kparo

(PoraTHHChKHH, TJiyMallhKHH, raJIHllhKHH p-HH)

IIpOMHBaJIH CKO-

TapChK0-3eMJiepo6ChKi KYJILTypn (rra3Ba

rnrrypoBoi

rrirnJia

Bi)J,

IIJieMeHa KepaMiKH

Toro,

mo II

MHTeJii rrpnKparnaJIH rrocy)J, rnrrypoBHM OpHaMeHTOM). 3a )J,aHHMH

)J,OCJii)J,MeHHH

3pa3KU KepaMiKU

HBJieHO 6iJIH ciJI rBh)J,IIH,

n oce

"ix

KOMapiBCbKOi KYJlbmypu

KoJIOKOJIHHa,

euu

CTpaTHHa i

CBernrriKoBa,

MOrHJihHHKH

BH-

TerreTHHKiB.

Y XV -XII cToJiiTTHX )J,O H. e. y IIpnKaprraTTi CKJiaJiacn xapaKTeprra )J,JIH 6pOH30BOrO BiKy KOMapiBChKa KYJihTypa, Ha3Ba HKOI IIOXO)J,HTh Bi)J, rpyHTOBHO )J,OCJii)J,Merroro rroceJieHHH il MorHJihHHKa B ceJii KoMapiB

raJIHllhKOro

JlyKBH

pailorry.

CKJia)J,aJIOCH

KpHTTHMH MHTeJI, y )J,JieHi

36poro i

MaHHOBOrO

CB€IIIHiKOBHM a

6epe3i

piKH

ceprrH,

TphOX

HaKOHeqHHKH

KypraHaX

CIIHCiB,

HaBiTh

iHIIIi

6pOH30BY

30JioTi peqi. Bonn cBi)J,qaTh rrpo BeJIHKHH po3BHTOK peMecJia

IIyTHTHHIIHX,

BHrJIH)J,i,

CaMe: a

6iJIH

pi3Hi IIpHKpacH, pH

p03TaiiiOBaHe

20 Ha3eMHHX 3 )J,epeB 'HHHMH IIO-

p03IIIapyBaHHH.

irrrnnx cyci)J,rrix ceJiax EoBrneBi,

po)J,)J,i,

TypH,

6yJio HK

6pOH30Bi

IIpHKpacH,

rroqaTOK B

Bono 6iJihiii

cepe)J,HHi HKHX 3HaH)J,eHO rJIHHHHHH IIOCy)J,, CBep-

COKHpH-MOJIOTH,

3HapH)J,)J,H

TerreTHHKax 6y JIH

BHHBJieHi

MOrHJihHHKH HHX IIIO

6yJIH CBi)J,qaTh

B 3arpo6rre MHTTH.

BiKTopoBi,

apxeoJioraMH

,U.

lliKaBi Ma TepiaJIH

IIOXOBaHHHM

IIOKJia)J,eHi rrpo

KpnJioci,

Bipy

JIIO)J,eH

IIOCy)J,,

lli)J,ro-

EaparroM Ta 3 u;iei KYJihCKopqeHOMY

HaKOHeqHHKH

CTpiJI,

rrpe)J,cTaBHHKiB u;iel KYJILTy-

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

KoMapiBChKa

cMy3i Y

BoJIH-

IIiBHiqHo-JiiCOBiH

YKpaiHn. rrepiiiOMY

)J,O H.

THCHqoJiiTTi

e., KOJIH erroxa Mi)J,i-

6poH3H HHM

ToM

KYJILTypa

6yJia IIOIIIHpeHa Hi

IlpuKapnammR.

3MiHHJiaCH

BiKOM,

3aJii3-

TepHTOpii

IIpnKaprraTTH 3YCTpiqaJIHCH rrJieMeHa, B

IIIO

rrepe6yBaJIH

cTa)J,il po3KJia)J,y

Hoo61IIHHHoro rroxo)J,.lKeHHH, eTHiqHa

rrepBic-

Jia)J,y.

KYJILTypa Ta

IIpHHaJie.lKHiCTh

PUMCbKi 6yJIH

pi3HHMH.

pio)J, 3

TaK,

TYT

IIiB)J,eHHOrO

Hoa

OcTpOBellh

HpaMH

IIi, C.

KoMapoBi,

HMH

HKOI

11-1

cT.

6yJIH,

CKOTapCbKe

pHMChKi

MOHeTH Ha

OT.lKe,

Haiii

TaiiioBaHi

6iJIH

rrepiiioro

rrJieMeHa.

mepumopif

3aJIHIIIHJIH

epu,

Ko!loMuf

HKe

)J,e

BOHH

KOpHCTyBaJIHCH

JI. I.

KYJihTypn, .lKHJIH

CT.

)1,0

rrpo

cpi6HHMH 3B'H3KH

icHyBaJIH

BepxHH

e.),

U:e

KOpHCTyBaJIOCH

IIIO

3Haii)J,eHi

KiHIIi

Jlnrrnu;n TaK

)J,OCJii)J,.lKyBaB

3eMJiepo6ChKO-

6yJio

3aJii3HHMH

3HapH)J,)J,HMH,

IIpHKpacaMH,

IIHX

HOci-

rraM'HTKH

HKY

ropO)J,HH-

KpyiiieHHIIhKa )J,OCJii)J,HJia

IIJieMeHa,

U:nrHJIHK.

Ha)J,

BHpo6aMH

EpaTHIIIeBi,

iHIIIHX Micu;nx

6pOH30BHMH CBi)J,qaTh

II aM' HTKH

pailoHy),

MorHJihHHKY

(II

HaCeJieHHH, IIOCY)J,OM,

IIpOBiHIIiHMH

KYJihTYPH

apxeoJior

roHqapHHM

iJuHapu

HaUJof

IIJieMeHa JiaTeHChKOI KYJihTypn,

)J,aKiHChKi

epn.

pailoHy Ta

JIHIIHIIhKOI

JihBiBChKHH

(KypraHH

ApxeoJior

paHOHY

oqeBH)J,HO,

Haiiiol

Jia)J,OM

raJihiiiTaTy

OcTpiBu;i).

)J,O

HKi

ropo)J,eHKiBChKOro

raJIHIIhKOrO

PoraTHHChKoro

IIOXO)J,.lKeHHH,

<J>paKiHChKOro

bOBIIIeBi

3BaHOI

BU5lBJleHi

IIaTpiapxaJihHO-pO)J,OBHM

6pOH3H

OiJUHUU,i

cmoflimmR

3'HBHJIHCH

IIJieMeHa (c.

lfaCiB

VII

)J,O cepe)J,HHH

CTOJiiTTH

i!pOUlOBi

rre-

IIJieMeH

3HaH)J,e-

pHMChKHMH

Jl:yHal.

perioH

6araTHH

apxeoJioriqHi

6araThOX HHHiiiiHiX HaCeJieHHX

THCHqoJiiTTH

HaiiiOI

epH

KYJILTypn,

IIYHKTiB.

BHHHKaiOTh

TyT

IIIO 3

po3-

cepe)J,H-

CXi)J,HOCJIOB'HHChKi

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

II051BA CJIOB'51HCbKllX IIJIEMEH po6JieMa eTnorene3y CJIOB'Hn 3aB.lK)J,H 6yJia u;enTpi

yBarn

apxeoJioriB,

anTporroJioriB

3aJIHIIIa€ThCH B JiinrBicTiB.

)J,OBe)J,eno B 6araThOX nayKOBHX rrpau;HX,

Y.lKe

IIIO B I cepe)J,nni

rrepiiioro THCHqoJiiTTH naiiiOI epH Bi)J,6yBCH inTenCHBnHH rrpou;ec p03CeJiennH CJIOB'Hn, IIOHBH nOBHX IIJieMinnHX rpyrr, IIIO BH3naqHJIH IIO)J,iJI na CXi)J,nHX, 3aXi)J,nHX i IIiB)J,ennHX. ETniqna KOnCOJii)J,au;iH CXi)J,nHX CJIOB 'Hn OXOIIJIIOBaJia, B ocnoBnOMY, TepHTOpiiO Mi.lK cepe)J,niM ,UnirrpOM i ,UnicTpOM, a nociHMH IX CTaJIH rrJieMena

3apy6nneu;LKOI i

qepnHxiBChKOI KYJILTYP·

Bonn

oTpnMaJIH

CBOI na3BH Bi)J, ciJI 3apy6nnu;i i qepnHxiB na KniBIIIHni, )J,e B 1898 pou;i rrpoBiB po3KOIIKH Bi)J,OMHH apxeoJior B.

XBoiiKo.

Ha iJ,YMKY Bqennx-apxeoJioriB, y 11-IY CTOJiiTTHX IIO)J,i6ni CXi)J,nOCJIOB'HnChKi 3eMJiepo6ChKi IIJieMena 3aCeJIHJIH IIpHKaprraTChKHH perion, a Toqniiiie cMyry Bi)J, Cepe)J,nhoro Ilo)J,nicTpoB'H )J,O KaprraT. Bee u;e

IIi)J,TBep)J,.lKYIOTh

p03KOIIKH

EoBIIIeBi, He3BHCLKY Ta iniiinx MicIIHX. BcLoro BHHBJieno 70 rraM'HTnnKiB

qepnHxiBChKOI

KYJILTypnA

rJin6oKOMY apxeoJioriqnoMy anaJii3y

rri)J,)J,aB

u;i

KYJILTypn

icTopnqnnx nayK

B. ,U.

)J,OKTop Eapan y

MOnorpalj>ii , qepnHXiBChKa

KyJih-

Typa". ABTop KepyBaB apxeoJioriqnoro eKcrre)J,Hlliero na IIpnKaprraTTi Bi)J, iMeni lncTHTYTY apxeoJiorii AH

YPCP.

Bin

rrepeKonJIHBO

)J,OBO)J,HTh, IIIO u;i KYJihTYPH CTaJIH nociHMH CXi)J,nOCJIOB 'HnChKHX IIJieMen Kparo. B

qoMy cnJia

apryMenTiB

u;Loro

rrepeKonJIHBiCTh Bqenoro?

II o-

rrepiiie, na 11-V cToJiiTTH rrpnrra)J,ae IIOHBa IIaM'HTOK CJIOB 'HnChKHX IIJieMen na IIpnKaprraTTi. Ha Micu;Hx IX

CJlOB RHUH. CKyJZbnmop B.

OiJpexiecbKUCi

BoJtoiJuMup

34 oceJIL,

po3TaiiioBannx

Hailpi3HOMaHiTHiiiii 30Bi,

CKJIHHi

IIOCy)J,, rrpo

CJIOB'HH,

rrpe)J,MeTH

,UeM'HnoBi,

3aJii3Hi

pHMChKi

piBeHh

IIIHpOKHH

p03BHTOK

rrpau;i,

p03KiiiiHO

ronqapHOMY

BHp06HHIITBa TOll

)J,HiiipOBChKO-)J,HiCTpOBChKHX

He3BHCLKy,

3HapH)J,)J,H

MOHeTH,

BHrOTOBJieHHH

BHCOKHH

rrpo

3B'H3KH

EoBIIIeBi,

IIpHKpacn,

HaftqacTiiiie

)J,OCHTh

qac

BHHBJieno

cpi6ni,

6poH-

OpHaMeHTOBaHHH

Kpy3i.

rrepBiCHHX

3eMeJih

Fpa 6oeeu, bJW i1

U:e

CBi)J,qHTh

IIpHKaprraTChKHX

BHyTpiiiiHhOI TOpriBJii, 3

pHMChKHMH

rrpo

IIpOBiHlliHMH

IIpn)J,yHaB'H. IIo-)J,pyre,

cJioB'HHH

narriB3eMJIHHKOBHX OpHHM

3eMJiepo6CTBOM,

)J,o6pe

3HaJIH

JIHMapcTBO. MJieHHH

u;eHTpH,

3rO)J,OM

HKi

rroJiiTnqnoro

MHCJIHBCTBOM,

crrpaBn,

6aqHTH

IIIO

TKaliTBo,

cJioB 'HH

TaKe

BeJIO

KYJILTypn

o6'e)J,HaHHH p03KJia)J,y

CJIOB'HH

yMe y

TO)J,i

IIJieMiHHi

peMeCJia

TOpriBJii,

THX

061IIHHH,

(iJ,BOPHilli),

KaTeropiil H

THX i

Pyci

raJIHllhKOI

KHH3iB,

HOrO

HKi

OCHOBHHM

rrpH3BeJio )J,O

BHHHKHeHHH

3apO)J,lKeHHH

caMe

lKHTeJiiB,

6oHpCTBO

MaH-

OlKJIHBO,

raJIHllhKHX

Jia)J,y,

3ro-

IIOpO)J,HJIH

CTBOpHTH

IIiB)J,enno-3axi)J,Hiil

3aCHOBaHOI

3aMOlKHiiiiHX

6araTe

IIpOTH

KHH3iBCTBO

o6'e)J,HaHh

3eMJiepo6cTBa,

IIpnKaprraTTH.

rrepBiCH0061IIHHHOrO

TepHTOpiaJihHHX

3eMJiepo6-

IIOCeJieHh

ciJihChKOI

BIIJIHBOBe

6opOTh6y

u;eHTpaJii3yBaTH

u;enTpoM

Bi)J,

MHTTH.

3apO)J,lKeHHH

yrrepTO

MiCTaMH-OCepe)J,KaMH

3eMJieKOpHCTyBaHHi

3rO)J,OM

peMecJia

OKpeMHX

3apO)J,lKeHHH

cxi)J,HHX

Toqnoro MiHHHX

3aiiMaJIHCH

TOIIIO.

BHp06HHIITBa,

po3BHTOK TexniKH

HKHX BHpOCJIO

O)J,Hry

rrepeTBOpeHHi

TOpriBJii,

nepiBnicTh

HaMaraJIHCH

CTaJIH

iH)J,HBi)J,yaJihHOMY

3eMJii,

ceJIHillaMH

Bonn

ronqapny

Bi)J,oKpeMJieHHH

KYJILTypnoro

IIo-qeTBepTe, peMeCJia

36pol,

TOBapnoro

IIOTpe6a

TYT Tpe6a

Bi)J,KpHTHMH

6opTHHIITBOM

IOBeJiipny,

pe3yJILTaTi

BHHHKHeHHH

HOBY

CKOTapCTBOM,

rrpau;i,

3'HBJIH€ThCH

MHJIH

rreqaMn-KaM'HnKaMn.

Po3BHBaJIOCh TaKoM rrpHKJia)J,He MHCTeliTBo, xy)J,OlKH€ o<J>op-

IIo-TpeTe,

)J,OM

qacy

3aJii3opo6ny,

3HapH)J,h

CTBa

Toro

lKHTJiax

ocTa-

MilKIIJie-

lj>eo)J,aJihHHX

Bi)J,-

HOCHH. II p o

Te,

Ill o

1 pnKaprra TTH

IIiBTOpa

THCHqi

eTHOCY,

IIi)J,TBep)J,lKYIOTh

apxeoJioriqnoro ,U.

Ko3aKa

poKiB

TOMY

p03KOIIKH,

eKcrre)J,Hlliero KepiBHHKa

no-<l>panKiBChKoro

naJieMHTh

)J,O

O)J,Horo

olj>opMJIIOBaJIOCh HKi

cTy)J,eHTChKOI

YPCP

rri)J,

apxeoJioriqnol

incTHTYTY

perioniB,

)J,e

CJIOB'HHChKOrO

IIpOBO)J,HJIHCH

IncTHTYTY AH

rre)J,aroriqnoro

H)J,pO

19 8 6

pou;i

KepiBHHIITBOM rrpaKTHKH

acncTeHTa

IBa-

KoqKina.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

ToM

IlpuKapnammR.

Bonn rrpoBo~HJIH po3KOIIKH na rraM'HTHHKax TaK 3Banoi qepnHxiBChKOI KYJihTYPH 6iJIH ,UeM'HHOBa i IX ~annMn,l rrepiiia rraM'HTKa cxnJii

rrarop6a

ypoqnnd

rroceJieHHH

,Pocoxn" Bi~KpHTO

1,5 ra). Ha Hill

IIJIOilleiO

HHX MeTpiB.

EypiiiTHHa raJIHllhKOro pailony.

6yJia

po3TaiiioBana

,UeM'HHOBHM

~iJIHHKY

(3araJihHOIO

1800

IIJIOilleiO

KBa~paT足

ApxeoJioraM B~aJIOCH BHHBHTH i ~OCJii~HTH TpH .lKHTJIO-

BHX IIpHMiilleHHH, BiciM rocrro~apChKHX CIIOpy~, BOrHHille-MaHCTepHIO, BeJIHKY KiJihKiCTh pi3HOMaHiTHHX peqoBHX MaTepiaJiiB

(BHp06H 3 rJIH-

HH, 3aJii3a, KiCTKH, KaMeHIO). Jl:pyre IIOCeJieHHH 6yJIO Bi~KpHTO B ypoqHilli ,nepe3HHKH" II06JIH3Y nypiiiTHHa. 3a TOIIOrpalj>ieiO BOHO Hara~ye ~eM'HHiBChKe, aJie 3Haqno TyT po3Korrano ~Bi .lKHTJIOBi i

6iJihiiiHX po3MipiB. py~n.

3i6pano BeJIHKY KOJieKu;iro

BnHBHBIIIH JieHHHX

rocrro~apcLKY crro-

pi3noro ronqapnoro

rrocy~y. A

na u;nx rroce-

yniKaJihHHH

aJI, apxeoJiorn ,U.

MaTepiKo3aK Ta

I. KoqKiH rricJIH Bce6iqnoro aHaJii3y

IIpHHIIIJIH ~0

TaKHX

BHCHOBKiB Bi~HOCHO lj>opMyBaHHH

eTHOreHe3y

IIpHKap-

rraTChKOI BiTKH cJioB'Hn. IIorrepiiie,

.lKHT JiaMH

rroceJieH-

lliB CJIY.lKHJIH HeBeJIHqKi ~e足 6y~HHKH-HaiiiB3eM足

peB'HHi JIHHKH, qacy

HKHX

36eperJiacH

FoHlfapHa

Haiiioro

TiJihKH

nilf.

PeKoHcmpyKU,i5l

HH.lKHH qacTHHa. ilJIOilla TaKoro .lKHTJia CTaHOBHJia Hhoro po3MiillaJIHCh, IIo-~pyre, ~OCJii~HHKiB,

cy~Hqn

HK rrpaBHJio, 3

rrJiany

2-3

13-18 KB. M. niJIH

rocrro~apcLKi

po3TaiiiyBaHHH

crropy~n.

o6'eKTiB,

~YMKY

u;i IIOCeJieHu;i paHHiX IIpHKaprraTChKHX CJIOB'HH 6yJIH y.lKe

Ha CTa~ii' p03KJia~y rrepBiCH0061IIHHHHX Bi~HOCHH. Y HeBeJIHqKHX .lKHT JiaX MeiiiKaJia MaJia ciM'H, HKa BOJIO~iJia ~eHKOIO BJiaCHiCTIO (u;e iHBeHTap, qacTHHa rrpo~yKTiB). IIo-TpeTe,

pi3noManiTni

rrpe~MeTH

rrpau;i,

BHHBJieni

rri~

qac

po3-

KorroK, CBi~qaTh rrpo ~OCHTh BHCOKHH piBeHh p03BHTKY ~epeBoo6po6HOro,

KOCTOpi3noro peMeCeJI,

IIpH~iHHH,

TKaliTBa.

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

IIo-qeTBepTe, na iJ,YMKY apxeoJioriB,

MeJtd

ronqapne CTOJiiTTi BeJIHKY

)J,OMaiiiHhoro

peMecJio.

CJioB'HHH

BHKOpHCTOByBaJIH KiJihKiCTh

BHHIIIJIO

3-4

rro6yTi

)J,OCKOHaJIO

BHrO-

TOBJieHoro, 6araTo rrpnKpa111enoro rrocy)J,y,

c<J>opMoBanoro na ronqapnoMy

Kpy3i

)J,OCBi)J,qeHHMH

MaHCTpaMH.

IIo-rr'HTe, 6araTo 3Haii)J,ennx yJiaMKiB

aHTHqHHX

aMij>Op CBi)J,qaTh,

B in111nx rroceJieHHHX IIpnKaprraTTH, rrpo TiCHi 3B'H3KH IIHX lKHTeJiiB 3 THqHHMH KHMH

rrpnqopHOMOpChKHMH

MiCTaMH

pHMChKHMH

Ha)J,)J,yHaHChKHMH

rrpoBiHIIiHMH. apxeoJioriqnnx

Ilpn

CJtoB RHCbKa

IIepepicJtb

rraM'HTOK IIpnKaprraTTH oKpeMy yBary

KepaMiKa

fl.

po3KonoK

ati-

rpeu;h-

rrpHBepTa€

IIacmepHaKa

3BaJIH

(HaiJeipH5lHUfUHa)

KYJihTypa,

HKY

KaprraTChKHMH

Bqeni

Ha-

KypraHaMH.

Bona )J,aTyeThCH 2-6 cToJiiTTHMH. TaKHX

KypraHiB

ChOrO)J,Hi qeHHH

HaiiiOMY

KYJihTYPH

raHiB )J,eHKi lliO

7 0.

BHHBJieHO

BOHH

Bqeni

KpaiO

II iCJIH

BHB-

KaprraTChKHX

Kyp-

CXHJihHi

HaJieJKaJIH

BBaJKaTH,

rrpe)J,KaM

JiiTO-

IIHCHHX XOpBaTiB i

IIJieMeHaM qepHH-

XiBChKOI KYJihTYPH

(2-4

CT.

e.).

IHIIIi )J,OCJii)J,HHKH 3 IIHMH TBep)J,lKeHHHMH

IIOrO)J,HJIHCH.

Ky JILTypa nai16iJihllle

KaprraTChKHX

JieHHHX na KoJioMnilrn:nni. qaJIH

KypraniB

rrpocTeMyeThCH

IIiKaBHTHCH

rroce-

HnMH rro-

)J,OCJii)J,HHKH

rn:e

KiHIIH XIX cToJiiTTH, aJie B ocnoBHOMY

rroqaJIH

30-50-x

poKax

KorraTH XX

BnBqaTH

cToJiiTTH.

Hail-

6iJILIIIY rrpau;10 B IIIO rrpo6JieMy BKJiaB

3pa3KU

KepaMiKU

KY!lbmypu

KapnamCbKUX BU5lBJteHi IlpuKapnammfl

KypcaHiB, mepumopif

(II- VI

em.

e.)

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

JihBiBChKHH

BHRH

apxeoJior

KypraRiB. raJihRHB

IlpuKapnammR.

BHCROBKH B

OKpeMiH

10.

CMiiiiKO.

)J,OCJii)J,.lKeRHX

MOROrpalj>i"i

THCHqoJiiTTH

RaiiiOI

ToM

BiR

RHM

MaTepiaJiiB

,KaprraTChKi

epn",

UJ:O

JIHrJia

po3KorraB

KypraRH B

TaKnx

BqeRHH

y3a-

rrepiiiOI

OCROBY

iforo

IIOJIO-

)J,OKTOp-

ChKOI )J,HCepTaujl. BqeRnil KypraRiB

rricJIH

BHCROBOK:

Ra 6eperax

RHX

)J,JIH

IIOHCRIO€ThCH

RaMH. 6yJIH

ROCiiB

iJ,YMKY

CMiiiiKO

,Uo

IIIOI

rrepBiCRe

BqeRoro,

JIHBO

B)J,aJIHMH

)J,y.lKe

6araTo

BORH

)J,eHKi

KYJihTYPH

)J,JIH

peqeif

cyci)J,-

paRRhoro

)J,aKiHChKi

eJie-

KYJILTypn.

KYJihTypH

U:e

KaprraTChKHX

CXi)J,RHMH

KaprraTChKHX

XOpBaTiB,

qncJieRRi

TaKnx

KHIBChKHH

HKi

CJIOB'HKypraRiB

3ra)J,yiOThCH

6yJIO

Ra3eMRHX

rro6yToBi

Tpaq,

)J,e

cLoro)J,Ri

BaKy-

IIHX

TYT

rrep-

OCROBi Oco6-

KypraRiB

po3KorraRi.

BHHBJieRRH

MOReT,

IIepepocJii.

I I eqeRi.lKHRi,

RHX

JI.

KaprraT

RaiiHCaROI

BoJIOCOBi,

MorHJihRHKiB

rpyiiiiB,

apxeoJior

YKpaiRChKHX

epn",

rpa6iBu;i,

pHMChKHX

raRRiBKa,

RaiiiOI

3RaXi)J,KOIO

rreqaMn,

KiJILKiCTh ciJI

Bnrra-

CBi)J,qaTh

KypraRiB

xapaKTepRi

IIi)J,rip'n

BHHBHJIHCH

JIHIIIe

6araTCTBa

6iJIH

rrocy)J,

MOReT

qepRHXiBChKOI

IIJieMeRa

rrpniiiiiJia

THCHqoJiiTTH

MaHCTepRi,

BeJIHKa

,I(JIH 3Ra-

BHrOTOBJIHJIH

roRqapRHH

aCHMiJIIOBaJIOCH

,IIaM'HTKH

IliKaBOIO

IIOCY)J,

rrocy)J,,

JiiT".

BHCROBKiB

RaiipHKJia)J,,

.lKHTeJI

cepe)J,H-

KORCTpyKu;il.

RaCeJieRRH

ROCiHMH

p03KOIIOK, HKi BORa rrpoBeJia y

UJ:HRi

KypraRiB

IIOCTYIIOBO

MORorpalj>ii

IIOJIOBHRH

Ra3eM-

TBapHR.

KJiaJIH

KaprraTChKHX

eJieMeRTH

UJ:O

BpeMeRRHX

rro)J,i6Rnx

JieRKO

rreqaMH

pHMChKHX

CTBep)J,.lKye,

CKOTapChK0-3eMJiepo6ChKi

, I I oBicTi

BHX

CKap6iB

KaprraTChKHX

THM,

)J,aKH

KYJihTypH

rri3RhOrO

Kpy3i.

3aJIHIIIKH

KiCTKH

MornJiy

)J,BOHpyCROI

aMij>Op

a6o

rJIHRHRHH

roRqapRoMy

ropRaX

3po6nB

rrepeBa.lKRO p03TaiiiO-

peqi,

KaprraTChKHX

xopBaTiB,

IIpOBiRIIiHMH.

KYJihTYPH a

KypraRiB

KYJILTYPY

BOrRHUJ:aMH rro6yTOBi

IIpHKpaCH.

M. 10.

IIpo<J>ecop

MeRTH,

a6o

3B'H3KH

pHMChKHMH

rrepio)J,y

rrpo

JiiTorrncRnx

TpyrrocrraJieRRH.

IIpHBi3RHX

TOproBi

RiMH

qncJieRRi

crreu;iaJihRHX

3RaXi)J,KH rrpo

36po10

crroco6oM

JIIOBaJIH

.lKHTeJI

HMH,

xapaKTepRe

rrpau;i,

JiiiiRHM

rrpe)J,KiB

IIpH IX p03KOIIKaX BHHBJieRO

RaiiiB3eMJIHRKOBHX

rroxoBaRRH

piqoK.

rOCIIO)J,apChKOI

PHMH

)J,OCJii)J,.lKeRh

IIOCeJieRRH KaprraTChKHX KypraRiB 6yJIH

BaRi

)J,OBroJiiTRix .lKHTeJiiB,

TaK,

roRqapROI

RaiiiB3eMJIHRKO-

peqi. rpyrryeThCH

,Ue6ecJiaBu;i,

KoJIOMHH-

KopRnq,

KaM'-

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

HHKa, MniiiHH, IIepepicJIL, IleqeHbKHH, MapKiBu;i, HnMHiil CTpyTeHh Ta

TncMeHnqaHn. IIpoTe,

u;e

rrepBicHoro Ha MH

)J,aJieKo

ocHoBi

cJioB'HHChKoro

CJIOBHHKa,

rroBHHH

rrepeJiiK

HaceJieHHH CKJia)J,eHoro

BacnJieHKOM,

II.

rraM'HTHHKiB

po3ceJieHHH

IIpnKaprraTTi.

rrpnKaprraTChKHMH

ToMeHqyKoM

rricJIH

apxeoJioralx

KorriTKol

TpHBaJIOI apxeoJioriqHo-p03Bi)J,yBaJihHOI eKCIIe)J,Hllil i

3aTBep)J,lKeHoro

apxeoJioril

Bi)J,)J,iJii

YP CP, )J,e

apxeoJioril

3HaqaThCH Och

ypoqniiie c.

rryHKTH

ropO)J,HIIIe,

CMT.

3a)J,e6pa,

BoJiociB

ypoqniiiaMn,

3a60JIOTiB c.

MOlKHa

cJioB'HHH

1),

ropO)J,H,

KyHHCiBu;i -

MOrHJIH,

ropO)J,HIIIe,

BHHHKHeHHH 6y )J,e

Ha)J, Kap'e-

ropO)J,HHIIH -

CTOBIIOBH,

KyHH-

IIiBHiqHa OKpaiHa

roHqapiBKa

Ili)J,Bep6u;i

YBepTH,

OCHOBHOMY

rpa)J,iB-MiCT B

u;i

IIaM'HTKH

HK BH)J,HO rro Ha3Bi

BnBqeHi.

0)J,He

3HaXO)J,HThCH

3aMKOBa,

KacoBa ropa,

BoHH MOMYTh po3KpHTH TaeM-

IIpHKaprraTChKHX

Mai16yTHhOMY,

ropo-

IliqKn.

u;i rroceJieHHH He)J,ocTaTHhO po3KorraHi i

CTBep)J,MyBaTH:

u;e

ociJin:

EoBIIIiB

KyporraTHHKH -

ropO)J,HHIIH -

He)J,aBHix cJioB'HHChKHX ropo)J,HIIIaX.

AJie

IIiBHiqHo-3aXi)J,Ha OKpaiHa, C. Jho6KiBu;i -

EyKiBHa -

cTapoBHHHHX ypoqniiiax,

HHlli

)J,e

N!!

(IIIKOJia

ropO)J,HIIIe,

TaTapChKi

16 rraM' HTOK,

BHHBJieHo

CJIOB'HH.

THMH

3aMKOBa

KorraqnHu;i -

Ha MaJIL,

IHCTHTYTY

3,9 KM Ha CXi)J, Bi)J, CeJia C. He3BHChKO c.

)J,HIIIe,

paHHiX

(KacoBa ropa),

TeHeTHHKH

ciBu;i ceJia,

ByJI.

Ili)J,JiicKH

cJioB'HH

IBaHo- <l>paHKiBIIIHHH

IIOCeJieHHH

HaceJieHi

KoJIOMHH

poM,

paHHix

TepnTopil

KOJIH

BOHH

CJIOB 'HH. 6y)J,yTh

)J,OCJii)J,MeHO

apxeoJioraMn.

BIJJ: f 0 P 0 ,I( H III; YII- IX BiK.

cToJiiTTH.

JIK lKHJIH

JJ:O JIITOIIHCHHX fPAJJ:IB

MaJio

Haiiii rrpe)J,KH,

CBOI CBO€pi)J,Hi lKHTJia

BnBqeHnil

BHPOIIIYBaJIH

u;eil

)J,aBHhOCJIOB 'HHChKHH

XJii6

)J,HBOBHlKHi rpa)J,H-MiCTa,

Xy)J,o6y,

6y)J,yBaJIH

Bi)J,6HBaJIH

Haiia)J,H

BoporiB? ,UyMe MaJio MH 3HaeMo rrpo Ha)J,)J,HicTpHHChKo-Ha)J,rrpyTHHChKY TepHTOpiiO 3 THX He6araThOX lj>parMeHTiB JiiTOIIHCY Ta Hep03KOIIaHHX

3ra)J,yBaJIH

BHBqeHHX

paHiiiie.

16 IIOCeJieHh )J,aBHiX CJIOB'HH, rrpo HKi MH

ImocmpoeaHa To.lK

icmopifl

crrpo6yi1Mo

ChKoro

Kparo

ChKOI Pyci, HIO

IIOTiM

qacn

BaJIH

3Haqrry Ta

3eMJii, )J,aJia CTBO

pOJih

IIJieMiHHi

THM

MoryTHOCTi

3eMeJih B

IIi)],

llhOMY

IIOXO)J,.lKeHHH 3eMeJihHHX

3BepxHiCTIO

rra

3pOCTaHHH

u;eHTp

a6o BHHHKHeH-

(YII-IX

rrpou;ec

Bi)J,irpa-

KY JlhTypHOMY

HHX,

TaKi

rra

3eMJieiO

3 TYT

raJIHllhKHX

MiliHO

rrnx

Bi)J,)J,iJieHHH

Mo.lKJIHBo,

yKpinJteHe

raJinq, JiiTo-

raJIHllhKOI

1199

KHH3iBCTBa.

o6'e)J,HaHHH

BCiX

pou;i

KHH3iBpyChKHX

peMeCJia HeiO

Bi)J,

copoiJuw,e

PeKoHcmpyKU,i5l

/Y-Y

CKJia)J,aTHCH 3eMJiepo6-

IIOHBHJIHCh

Tpe6a

6oHp,

3aKopeHHJIHCH

rroqaJIH

rnyKaTH

BJiaCHHKiB

y)J,iJiiB.

C;we RHCbKe

cTopiHKH

MoryTHOCTi

CTOJiiTTHX)

HepiBHiCTh,

6araTHX

cToJiiTL,

CTOJiiTh

raJinqa-CTOJIHlli.

IIpnKaprraTTi.

BepcTB.

Maif6yTHiX

rroTparrJIHIOTh

KniB-

IX-XI

IIOJiiTnqrroMy )J,eHKi

rrpnKaprraT-

BHHHKHeHHH

ill

XII- X

BoJIHHChKOIO

OCHOBHHH

MaHHOBa

3aMO.lKHHX

rrarnoro

IIOXO)J,.lKeHHIO

raJIHllhKO- BoJIHHChKOro

rroqaBCH

3apO)J,HJiaCh

rpa)J,aMH

rrepio)J,i

rrJieMerra

COI03H,

rrapocTKH

6iJihiiie,

TncMeHHIIH

o6'e)J,HaHHH

rrpeTeH)J,yBaJIO

cJioB'nrrcLKi

IIpH)J,iJIHBIIIH

eKOHOMiqrroMy,

OCHOBHHMH

rricJIH

OCHOBY

KapTHHY

rrarrepe)J,O)J,Hi

rrepio)J, )J,aBHhopycLKOI )J,ep.lKaBH

qepBoropo)J,,

HKa

CaMe

yBary

icTopnqrry To6To

<J>eo)J,aJihHOI p03)J,po6JieHOCTi

CTaiOTh

y)J,iJihHHX

CTBa,

HKi

p03BHTKY.

KoJIOMHH, rrncy

cToJiiTL,

OC06JIHBY

rpa)J,iB-MicT,

.lKHTTi

Bi)J,TBOpHTH

YII-IX

ToM

IlpuKapnammR.

cmo;limb.

rreprni BHTOKH

3HaqHHX

BoJtoiJuMup AJie

rrailroJioBrrirne

npOCTelKHTH

nOXO)J,lKeHHH

Fpa 6oeeu, bJW i1

npHKapnaTChKHX

rpa)J,iB, HKi, HK )J,OBe)J,eHO B icTopnqrriil JiiTepaTypi, BHpOCTaJIH B o;eil qac i3

3apO)J,KiB i

nocTynoBO nepeTBOpiOBaJIHCH B MiCTa.

III, 06 r JIH6IIIe BHBeCTH eTHMOJIOri qrre nOXO)J,lKeHHH npHKapnaTChKHX rpa)J,iB-MiCT, HKi

rrapo)J,i

B neprny qepry MH nOBHHHi npH)J,iJIHTH yBary ypoqnmaM,

HaC

Bciil

BOHO

BHHHKJIO

YKpairri,

rra3HBaiOTh

qoMy

OTpHMaJIO TaKy

ropo)J,nmaMn.

III,o TaKe Ha3By?

llpHKapnaTTi,

ropO)J,Hme,

ropO)J,Hme

KOJIH

nO-CTapOCJIOB'HHChKOMY

yKpinJieHHH

a6o Micu;e, mo 6yJio oToqerre poBaMH a6o BaJiaMH i npnpo)J,HHMH

nepenorraMH

(npaMn,

piqKaMn,

qacTo 3axnmerre

6oJioTaMn).

KoJIH

BaM

)J,OBe)J,eThCH no6yBaTH Ha TaKOMY Mico;i, o6oB'H3KOBO 3BepHiTh yBary Ha iloro npnpo)J,He o6oporrrre 3Haqerrrrn, rra mo, B neprny qepry, 3BepTaJIH yBary

nepBiCHi TaKi

CJIOB'HHH,

ropo)J,nma

6yJIH

KOJIH

p03CeJIIOBaJIHCh y

nornnperri

HaiiiOMY KpaiO.

6iJihiiiOCTi

periorriB

YKpaiHH.

lloqaTKH CBOI BOHH 6epyTh 3 6pOH30BOrO BiKy, a Toqrrirne, )J,aTyiOTh-

I TncnqoJiiTTHM )J,O rrarnoi epn.

IX 6yiJ,yBaJin, B TOMY qncJii i rra IIpnKapnaTTi, ociJii 3eMJiepo6cLKi nJieMerra )J,aBrrix

cJioB'nrr.

MaTh )J,O i1,pyroi

noJIOBHHH I TncnqoJiiTTH rrarnoi epn.

Haii)J,aBrrirni

cJioB'HHChKi

ropo)J,nma

9 CTOJiiTTHM, Bi)J,OMi 6yJIH no BciH TepHTOpii Pyci.

)J,aTyiOThCH

ApxeoJioriqrri )J,OCJii)J,MeHHH

ropo)J,Hm MaiOTh BeJIHKe 3Haqerrrrn )J,JIH

Bi)J,TBopeHHH cycniJihHO-eKorroMiqrrnx <J>opMao;iil. rro )J,OCJii)J,HB apxeoJior B.

B. XBoiiKo i

Bneprne IX rpyHTOB-

y3araJihHHB y npau;i ,ropo)J,H-

ma cepe)J,Hhoro IIpn)J,rrinpoB'n, IX 3Haqerrrrn, )J,aBHHHa i YlKe

rraJie-

ropo)J,nma, mo

o;iil

npaCJIOB'HHChKe

Ha3Bi

BqeHHH

BH3HaqnB

)J,Bi

nOXO)J,lKeHHH

ropO)J,Hill

rrapo)J,rricTL".

BalKJIHBi

npo6JieMH

HapO)J,HHH

xapaKTep

yKpinJieHHH. A

m o6 Kpame yHBHTH IX, rraBO)J,HMO rraceJierri nyHKTH IIpnKapnaT-

TH, )J,e rra cLoro)J,Hi apxeoJioraMH E. A.

BacnJieHKOM, E.

qyKoM BHHBJieHi CJii)J,H 60 TaKHX ropO)J,Hm:

II. ToMeH-

CeJia rpa6oBellh,

ropOXO-

JIHHO, Epnrrh, KpnJioc (BiciM TaKnx noceJieHL-ropo)J,Hm), KyponaTHHKH, TnMepiBo;i, illeBqeHKOBe, ropo)J,eHKa, MnxaJibqe, ropO)J,HHIIH (iJ,Ba ropo)J,nma),

IIoToqnme,

CeMaKiBo;i,

qeprreJIHIIH,

.HcerriB

IIiJihHHil,

BnrnKiB, Ha)J,iiB, HoBoceJIHIIH, HoBornnrr, HoBnil Mi3yrrh, BoilrrnJiiB, HoBHIIH, Bepxrrn, Bnrrorpa)J,, BocKpecirru;i, Jlicrrnil XJii6nqnrr, ConiB, MiCTO KoJIOMHH, ropo)J,, ripcbKe, Ko6aKH, Ha)J,Biprra, ,UeJIHTHH, lli)J,-

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

ropo)J,)J,H, ,Uo6puHiB, JlyKoBurn:e (iJ,Ba rroceJieHHH-ropo)J,urn:a), M. CHHTuu, PyiJ,HHKH, OJieiiiKiB, EyKiBHa (iJ,Ba rroceJieHHH-ropo)J,urn:a), Hu.lKHiB, OiJ,al, Ili)J,Bep6II,i, XoTuMup BuHHKHeHHH

II,HX )J,aBHhOCJioB'HHChKHX

IIOKpUTO Ta€MHUII,el0,

JIUIIIe )J,eHKi

cJii)J,u )J,aBHhopycLKoro rrepio)J,y.

II,iKaBO,

CiJieii,h.

ropo)J,UUJ:

HHX

p03KOIIaHi

IlpuKaprraTTi

CBi)J,qaTh

lx ycrriiiiHO )J,OCJii)J,.lKY€

rrpo

IBaHo-<l>paH-

II. ToMeHqyK.

KiBChKHii apxeoJior E. AJie

(iJ,Ba ropo)J,urn:a),

UJ:O Ha3BaHi

IJpuKaprraTChKi

ropO)J,UUJ:a,

B OCHOBHOMy,

36eperJIHCH Ha O)J,HOiMeHHHX ypoqurn:ax a6o Ha ypoqurn:ax, HKi CBi)J,qaTh rrpo )J,aBHiii rrepio)J,,

3oJioTuii TiK

MuxaJibqe Ha ropo)J,eHKiBUJ:HHi i

KpuJioci,

3aMqurn:a y

ceJiax

BocKpeciHHHX Ha KoJIOMUUUJ:HHi, ,Ue-

JIHTHHi Ha Ha)J,BipHHHUJ:HHi, OJieiiiKiB Ha CHHTHHUJ:HHi, ypoqurn:e BaJI y XoTuMupi

Ha TJiyMaqquHi,

KaM'HHe

CiJILII,i

Ha TucMeHuqquHi.

Cxi)J,HOCJIOB'HHChKi ropO)J,UUJ:a BUHUKaJIU, HK rrpaBUJIO, B TUX MiCII,eBOCTHX

IJpuKaprraTTH, )J,e

rHJihHHKH,

KypraHU,

icTopuqHoro TepuTopiH, IIIUpOKO

rrpo11,ecy. Ha

HKiii

Bi)J,OMUU

€BpOIIU.

3iBCTB.

JIUIIIe

CTOJIUII,H

CTOJihHHM

XII-Xill rpa)J,OM

11,e

XII-XIII Ha

CT.

IIeBHHMU

CTOJiiTTi

Pyci,

KHH3iBCTBa, II,eHTp

HHX paHiiiii

rroo)J,HHOKi

MoryTHhOrO

KYJihTypHUH B

IIOHCHIO€ThCH I

raJIUII,hKO-BOJIHHChKOrO TUqHUU

icHyBaJIU )1,0

UJ:O

cepe)],

aJie

rrpuKJia)J,u.

CTOHB y

IIOCeJieHHH,

BCiX

crroqaTKY

TO)J,iiiiHiX

MaB

rpa)J,,

KpaiHaX a

eKOHOMiqHUH,

)J,aBHhOpyChKHX

raJiuq-KpuJIOC

KpuJioc

JiiTOIIHCHHH

raJIUII,hKOro,

Ba.lKJIHBHH

MO-

3aKOHOMipHOCTHMU

IIOTiM IIOJii-

y)J,iJihHHX

3BepxHiCTh

HaBiTh

KHHHa)J,

Ku€BOM.

3po3yMiJio, rn:o raJiuq CTaB TaKUM MoryTHiM rpa)J,OM B XI-XJII CT. He Ha rrycToMy Micii,i. TaHHH

Bi)J, )J,o6u

MoMy rrepe)J,yBaB 6araToBiKoBuii rrpo11,ec 3poc-

Me3oJiiTy

)J,O

cJioB'HHChKoro

KH, 8

ropo)J,urn:,

ropo)J,urn:a.

ApxeoJioru

19 rroceJieHh, 4 KypraHu, 2 MoruJihHH-

BHHBHJIH Ha TepuTopil KpuJioca

BChoro 33 rroceJieHHH.

TyT )J,O BHHHKHeHHH cJioB'HH-

ChKHX ropO)J,UUJ: icHyBaJIU IIaM'HTHHKH )J,06U Me30JiiTy i paHHhOrO 3aJii3a, 6pOH3H, TpHIIiJihChKa IIIHypoBa, roJiirpa)J,ChKa, KOMapiBChKa KYJihTypu, 3

KYJihTypa Il,hOrO

KaprraTChKHX

icTopuqHoro

Bi)J, cepe)J,HhOKaM' HHOrO THCHq

poKiB )1,0

iiiiOB IIpOII,eC

KypraHiB.

lj>aKTY

rrepeKOHJIHBO

BiKy-Me30JiiTy,

HaiiiOI epu

)1,0

BU)J,HO,

UJ:O )J,a TY€ThCH

CKJia)J,aHHH

HK IIOCTYIIOBO Bi)J,

11 )1,0 7

CJIOB'HHChKHX ropO)J,UUJ:

3aCeJieHHH TepUTOpii CTapOBUHHOrO raJiuqa.

f<o.twMUUCbKe C./106' Jl.HCbKe wpoiJuw,e /V-V em. Xyi'JoxnuK lwp P,epKa<t Bi3LMeMo

rrpHKJia)J,

!1,pyrnn

JiiTOIIHCHHH

rpa)J,-MicTo

Bona IIi3HO 3YCTpiqa€ThCR B IIHChMOBHX )J,)KepeJiaX.

JieHO

rroceJieHL.

paHHLOro

pHMChKOro

TerrepiiiiHiH

BHRBJieHO xoq

CJii)J,H TYT

HHX

rrancTaprne

qacy,

IIOCeJieHL

rre

KYJILTYPH

BYJIHU:i

rpa)J,-MicTo

paHHiX

BHRBJierro

KoJIOMHR.

U:eHTpOM

rrepio)J,y

KaprraTChKHX KypraHiB,

3aMKOBiH'

)J,e

3HaXO)J,HThCR

Hapern-

CJIOB'RH.

ropo)J,Hma,

CJIOB'RH )J,aJIO rroqaTOK eM6pioHy,

HHM

rrpocTe*Y€TLCR

(YII- Y CT. )1,0 H. e.), )J,aJii i)J,yTL CJii)J,H JIHIIHU:LKOI

3aJii3a

KYJILTypH, Ti,

KoJIOMHIO.

IlpoTe TYT BHRB-

aJie

u:e

rroceJieHHR

parrrrix

3 RKOrO BHpic B IX-Xill CTOJiiTTRX

Bona 3 )J,aBHLopycLKoro rrepio)J,y cTaJia ocrroB-

CKJia)J,y

COJii,

IIpO)J,YKTOBaHOI

)J,aBHiX

COJieBapHRX

ryu:yJILIIIHHH. Irrrne

JiiTorrncrre

MicTo-rpa)J,

B )J,aJieKHX

JieHL Bi)J,

qacy rri3HLoro rraJieoJiiTy,

30Boro qacy He

BiKy,

paHHLOrO

KYJILTYPH

BHRBJieHO,

BiKaX.

TncMeHHU:R

ry6HThCR

3aJii3a.

KaprraTCLKHX aJie

Ha HOrO

1,5

ICTOpiR

CBOIMH

rroqaTKaMH

BHRBJieHO

16 IIOCe-

a )J,aJii parrrrLoro Me3oJiiTy 6porr-

KyprarriB. KM

Te*

TepHTOpil

U:HX Xoq

CXi)J,

Bi)J,

IIOCeJieHL B

)J,OXO)J,HTh

TncMerrnu:i MiCTa

)1,0

ropo)J,Hma

IIpOCTe)Ky€ThCR

IIOCeJieHHR 3 qaciB )J,aBHhOI Pyci, RKe B CBiH qac rrepepOCJIO B rpa)J,.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

Ha TepnTopil JiiTorrncHoro

ToM

CHHTHHa apxeoJioraMH

BCTaHOBJieHo 4

IIOCeJieHHH rrepBiCH006ID:HHHOro Jia)J,y: paHHiH 3aJii3HHH BiK (VII- V CT. )1,0 H.

e.), roJiirpa)J,ChKa KYJihTypa,

HHChKe ropO)J,HID:e, cxi)J,Hiil

pHMChKHH qac i, HapeiiiTi,

CJIOB'-

HKe ChOrO)J,Hi 36eperJIOCH Ha ypoqnrn:i U:BHHTap y

qacTHHi MicTa

,I(pyry rpyrry CKJia)J,aiOTh IIpHKaprraTChKi ropO)J,HID:a, HKi 3 HeBi)J,OMHX )J,JIH

HaC

IIpHqHH

)J,aBHhopycLKoro

rrepepOCJIH

qacy.

TaK,

CBOIX

HarrpHKJia)J,,

3apO)J,KiB-eM6pioHiB y Ha TepnTopil ceJia

rpa)J,H

XoTHMHp

TJiyMaiiLKoro pailoHy BHHBJieHo

11 apxeoJioriqHnx rroceJieHh, rroqnHa-

roqn

IIIIIeBOpChKOI KYJihTYPH

rri3HhOro

rraJieoJiiTy

)J,BOMa CJIOB'HHChKHMH ropO)J,HID:aMH,

HKi

3aKiHqyroqn

BHHBJieHO B Jiici Ha ypoqnrn:i

,BaJI" i Ha rriB)J,eHHHH cxi11, Bi)J, ceJia B Jiici Ha ypoqnrn:i ,MoHacTnpoK". U:i ropo)J,nrn:a He B

ceJii

BiKiB.

rrepepocJIH

B )J,aBHhopycLKi rpa11,n.

011,al TJiyMaiiLKoro

pailoHy

15 rroceJieHh pi3Hnx

BHHBJieHo

Ilo11,i6Ha KapTHHa 3 ropo)J,HID:eM

B ceJii IcaKiB Toro .lK pailoHy.

ApxeOJIOrH BHHBHJIH 3 pi3HHX rrepio)J,iB 25 IIOCeJieHh, Ha HKHX icHyBaJIO 6araTo rraM'HTOK Bi)J, rri3HLoro rraJieoJiiTy 11,0 )J,aBHhopycLKoro qacy.

rrepio)J, lj>opMyBaHHH )J,aBHiX CJIOB'HH IIOHBJIH€ThCH ropO)J,HID:e, HKe ChO-

2 KM Ha IIiBHiq Bi)J, CeJia.

rO)J,Hi p03KHHYJIOCH Ha ypoqnrn:i ,I(aHqH)J,H 3a EaraTa ceJia

CBOIMH

Hn.lKHiB

pi3Hnx

Me30JiiT, paMiKH

rrpa)J,aBHiMH

TJiyMaiiLKoro

CBOIMH

BiKOBHMH

6pOH30BHH BiK,

KYJihTypH.

ropO)J,HID:e,

HKe

Micu;eBoro

iHIIIOMY

ceJii

pailoHy.

TyT

KYJILTypaMH

TpHIIiJihChKa,

BHIIa)J,KOBO TYT

TaK

rraM'HTi

apxeoJioriqHHMH

3aJIHIIIHJIOCH HaceJieHHH

Ili)J,Bep6u;nx

Toro

rri3Hiil

rri3Hiiiie B

CJIOB'HHChKe

3apO)J,Ky

O)J,HOiMeHHY

pailoHy

Te.lK

paHHiil

IIIHypoBOI Ke-

BHHHKJIO

CBO€MY

OKOJIHIIH

rroceJieHh,

rraJieoJiiT,

roJiirpa)J,ChKa i

36eperJio .lK

KYJILTypaMH

BHHBJieHo

JIHIIIe

Ha3By.

rrpocTe.lKyeThCH

B B

apxeoJioriqHHX IIOCeJieHh IIO)J,i6HHX rrepio)J,iB i KYJihTyp, Ha HKHX icHyBaJIO

2 CTapOCJIOB 'HHChKHX ropO)J,HID:a.

Oco6JIHBO

6araTa

MaiiLKoro pailoHy, B.

BacnJieHKOM

XapaKTepHo, 3po3yMiJIO,

rn:o

rroceJieHHH

TepnTopin

11,e BHHBJieHo apxeoJioraMH

rroceJieHh,

IIH TepnTopin

pi3Hnx

3aceJIHJiacn

qoMy TYT BHHBJieHi MiCIIH

YMOBH

KiJihKiCTh p03BHTKY

IIOCeJieHh IlhOro

TYT

KpaiO.

rrpo

Tny-

MorHJihHHKiB.

Bi)J, Haii)J,aBHiiiiHX

IIOCeJieHHH

CBi)J,qHTh

EyKiBHa

II. ToMeHqyKoM i

KypraHHHX

rroceJieHHH )J,aBHhopycLKoro rrepio11,y Ha ypoqnrn:i JIHKa

ceJia

qaciB.

CXi)J,HHX CJIOB 'HH i CrracLKe.

CllpHHTJIHBi

TaKa Be-

eKOHOMiqHi

BoJtoiJuMup He

MOMYTh

BHKJIHKaTH

ropo)J,eHKiBIIIHHi CaMiH HH

Ha3Bi

MiCTO

KOpeHH

Bi)J,qyBa€MO

CJIOBa

IIOCeJieHh,

BHHHKHeHHH

BHHHi

Ha3BH,

rroceJieHHH TOBHH

ypoqnmi u;n",

, H a)J,

6iJIH

rpyHTOBHO Bech

)1,0

Bi)J,OMHX

rrpou;ec

rrepepOCTaHHH

<1>.

IIpHXO)J,HTh

IIOHBJIHIOThCH

Yill-IX

,Uo

TOrO

crrpaBMHiMH TaJIH

XI -

rraM'-

CTapo-

,ropo)J,n",

rpyH-

,MorHJIH"

cBolil

rrepio)J, a

rrepiiiy

IIIO

HaM

HKeCh

IIOTpi6HO

IIOCeJieHh

,,Uo

3po6nTH Ha

CIIpaBMHi

)J,aBHHHi.

KniBChKHH

rrnTaHHH

rrpo

reHe3HC

raJIHqHHH

MiCT-rpa)J,iB BOHH

BCi

TBep-

BopoHiHa,

Bo-

crroqaTKY

3apOi1,lKYIOThCH

BOHH,

OCHOBHOMy,

ropO)J,Hill.

MicTa,

<1>.

COI03iB HKi

TaKi

KoTJIHp, i

XII

raJinq,

MiCTa

CTOJiiTTHX

rrepio)J,

KHH3iBCTBa.

CHHTHH,

IIpHIIa)J,a€

6yJIH

rrepepoc-

KoJIOMHH,

TBep)J,HTh,

MiCT

cToJiiTh

raJIHllhKOrO

u;i

X-XI

KOJIH

raJIHllhKHX

rroJIOBHHY

IIi)J,HeCeHHH

IIIO

TYT

MOlKJIHBiCTh

MaTepiaJiiB

MaCOBO

TiJihKH,

,ropo)J,HHMaTH

IIOCHJiaiOqHCh

3apO)J,KH

aJie

JiiHrBiCTaM.

rJin6oKiil

cTaTTi

IIJieMiHHHX

MOlKYTh

Pn6aKoBa

OCHOBi

3apO)J,KaMH,

BOJIHHChKHX

IIOJiiTHqHoro

Bee,

BHHBJieHO

,ropo)J,eHKa",

rpa)J,iB,

)J,aB

ry6nThCH

,Uo)J,aMO

IIpaBnil

OCHOBHHX

CTOJiiTTHX,

paHHhOij>eo)J,aJihHi

rroJIOBHHY

BHCHOBKiB,

rpa)J,aMH,

ciJI

apxeoJioraM

IIpHKaprraTChKHX

qepBoHorpa)J,. BaHHH

)1,0

CTOJiiTTHX.

BHpOCTaJIH

lKHJIH

IIaM'HTHHKH,

ropO)J,Hille

rrpaB)J,OIIO)J,i6Ho,

Ilepiii

ropo)J,iB"

IV-VII

7 )1,0

MOrHJihHHKiB Ta

ypoqHilli

)J,aBHhOCJIOB'HHChKHX

KoTJIHP

CXi)J,HOCJIOB'HHChKHX JIHHi

ropO)J,Hill,

)J,OCJii)J,HHKiB

6yB )J,OBroTpnBaJIHM M.

MaTepiaJI

BHCHOBKH.

)J,lKeHHH

)J,OCJii)J,HHK

rroceJieHHH

CJIOB'HHChKe

rrpo6JieMy

lj>aKTnqHnil

IIOIIepe)J,Hi

MicTa

JIIO)J,H

36eperJIHCH

apxeoJioriqHi

TaKi Ha3BH

BHIIa)J,KOBi

CTapOBHHHHX

BHBqHTH

u;eil

ropO)J,HHlli

rpyHTOBHX

IIOCeJieHHH

KocoBa

,KaM'HHHcTa ropa".

Bi)J,HOIIIeHHH

BHHBJieHO KYJihTYPH

rrepBicHoo6mnHHi

Ha3BOIO.

, Ili)J,ropo)J,Hill e",

,ropO)J,H",

IIOXO)J,lKeH-

ropo)J,eHKH

KypraHHHX

O)J,HOiMeHHOIO

rrpo

BlKe

qepJieHoiO".

ropo)J,

rryHKTH

ropO)J,HH£1H.

TpHIIiJihChKOI

TYT

IIpOCTelKyiOThCH

ypoqnmi

,ropo)J,"

)J,eHKi

IIi)],

HKHX

MOrHJihHHK

ceJii

IIOCeJieHh,

rroceJieHHH B

Ha ypoqHilli

Bi)J,

ropO)J,Hilla. BHHBHJIH

HaceJieHi

IIIO rOBOpHTh

TepHTOpii

ceJIHJIHCH

ApxeoJiorn

)J,Ba

ceJIO

TaKe,

JIIO)J,H

)J,aBHhOpyChKOrO

HHX

ropO)J,Hille

IIIOCh

,ropo)J,"

HKHX

TncnqoJiiTTHMH. HTKH,

3au;iKaBJieHHH

ropo)J,eHKa

Fpa 6oeeu, bJW i1

<J>opMy-

i1,pyry

eKoHoMiqHo-

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

B qACll KlliBCbKOI PYCI IX-XI CTOJiiTTH )J,ep.lKaBH

rrepio)J,

KHIBChKOI

qacy cJia6Ko BnBqerra. rraTTH?

BHHHKHeHHH

Pyci.

RKi

TepnTopiH

rrJieMirrrri

raJIHllhKOI

coi03H

3eMJii

3aceJIHJIH TO)J,i

llhOro

IIpnKap-

qn rri)J,KOpHJIHCH BOHH CTOJihHOMY rpa)J,y KneBy? RK 3pocTaJIH

Micu;eBi rpa)J,H-MiCTa? IIHChMOBHX

II OKH IIIO MaJIO rrpo u;e )J,OBi)J,y€MOCH 3i CKYIIHX

apxeoJioriqrrnx rreprn O)J,.lKepeJI.

HayKOBa IIOJieMiKa Mi.lK BqeHHMH

XIX cToJiiTTi i

TpnBae

KOpHCTYIOThCH 3ra)J,yiOThCH

Bqerri?

IIJieMiHHi

)J,OHHHi.

i3 IIHX rrpo6JieM rroqaJiaCH rn:e

RKHMH

U:e

Bi3arrTiilu;n

)J,.lKepeJiaMH,

, II OBiCTh

COI03H,

IIIO

KocTHHTHHa

BpeMeHHHX

HaHBipori)J,Hiiiie

IIpHKaprraTTH: 6iJii XOpBaTH, THBepu;i. Kpail

p03KBiTy ,UaBHhOpyChKOI

U:e -

JiiT" TO)J,i

ocrroBHOMY, B

HKiH

3aCeJIHJIH

lliHHi IIOBi)J,OMJieHHH rrpo

VII Earpnrropo)J,rroro. U:e -

)J,OKyMeH-

TH apa6cLKoro reorpa<J>a Macy)J,i (943-944 pp.) Ta rroJihChKoro xporriKa Rna ,U Jiyro III a. qnMaJio )J,OCJii)J,HHKiB CTBepiJ,.lKYIOTh, rn:o rra TepnTopil IIpnKaprraTTH

rrepe)J,

BHHHKHeHHHM

B panni

qacn

rrJieMirrrre

o6'e)J,HaHHH 6iJIHX xopBaTiB.

€ThCH

,IIoBiCTi

BpeMeHHHX

JiiT"

pyChKHX IIJieMeH 6paJIH yqacTh y rra Bi3arrTiiO.

KniBChKOI Pyci

rrpo.lKHBaJio

IIpo xopBaTiB Brreprne 3ra)J,y-

907

IIOXO)J,i

pou;i,

0Jiera

HKi

cepe)],

iHIIIHX

KHIBChKOro KHH3H

BiJ,pyre u;e rrpnKaprraTChKe rrJieM' H xopBaTiB 3ra)J,yeThCH

B Till .lKe ,IIoBicTi" B 3B'H3KY 3 IIOXO)J,OM KHIBChKOro KHH3H BoJIO)J,HMHpa CBHTOCJiaBoBnqa BeJIHKoro 9 9 2 poKy rra caMnx xopBaTiB. u;e qnTaeMo: BCTYIIHB

rra

KHIBChKHH

,B JiiTo 992. IIpnKaprraTTH.

KHH3h BHCTYIIHB

IIpo

IIirnoB BoJIO)J,HMHp rra xopBaTiB", To6To JliTorrnceu;L, rrpoTH

rrpaB)J,a,

xopBaTiB.

rre

M o.lKe,

rroncrrroe,

qoMy

BOHH rre xoTiJIH

KOpHTHCH rrpaBHTeJIHM KniBChKOI Pyci? 3 'ncyBaJiocn, rn:o u;e qacTnrra CJIOB'HHChKOrO

IIJieMeHi XOpBaTiB,

HKi,

HHX Bi3arrTiilchKHX )J,.lKepeJI-TBopiB Ta

apa6cLKoro

Bqerroro

Macy)J,i,

3a IIOBi)J,OMJieHHHMH TOroqac-

KocTHHTHHa rrpo.lKHBaJIH

VII Earpnrropo)J,rroro

rra TepnTopil 3axi)J,rrol

Pyci, rriB)J,errrrol IIoJILIIIi, rriBrriqrro-3axi)J,rrol qexil i 3axi)J,rrol qacTHHH naJIKaHChKOrO

IIiBOCTpOBa.

IInTaHHH JIOKaJii3au;il 6iJIHX xopBaTiB BHKJIHKaJio rnnpoKy )J,HCKyciro cepe)], )J,OCJii)J,HHKiB.

IIpo<J>ecop M.

u;Loro rrepio)J,y, TBep)J,HB, rn: o

10. CMirnKo, Bi)J,OMHH )J,OCJii)J,HHK

6iJii xopBa TH

3aceJIHJIH

IIiBrri qrre

II pn-

BoJtoiJuMup

KapnaTTH Bi)J, 3axi)J,rroro 11,0

piKH

Hicn.

Eyry Ta BepxiB'IB IIpyTy i

IIpn6JIH3HO

neprniil

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

CipeTy rra cxi11,

VI cToJiiTTH BOHH

noJIOBHHi

nepeceJIHJIHCH Ha naJIKaHH, aJie qacTHHa IX 3aJIHIIIHJiaCH Ha IIpHKapnaTTi -

caMe Ta,

noxo11,ax rra

Bi3arrTiiO.

Illo-

M. 10. CMiiiiKO OCTaToqHHX BHCHOBKiB npo 6iJIHX XOpBaTiB

npaB)J,a, rre

mo 6paJia yqacTh

po6HTh.

MOlKJIHBO,

Birr

TaK

npo HHX y

,IIpoTe,

IIpHKapnaTTi,

qacTHHa

AKa)J,eMiK AH

YPCP

xopBaTiB

rre

Kpnn'nKeBnq

II.

JIHIII e

rra

xopBaTiB,

qoro €

3ra)J,Ka

nHTaHHH

npo

3anepeqye MOlKJIHBiCTh

IIpnKapnaTTi,

0 Ch HOrO noJieMiqrri TBep)J,lKeHHH:

IIIa€ThCH

6iJIHX

CBi)J,qeHHHM

,IIoBiCTi BpeMeHHHX JiiT".

icHyBaHHH raJinqnrri.

nnrne:

3aJIHIIIHJiaCH Ha

xopBaTiB

rra

aJie

rraBiTh

, H ep03B 'H3aHHM

IIpnKapnaTTi.

xopBaTiB MilK cxi)J,rrocJioB'nrrchKHMH nJieMerraMH,

JiiTonnc

aJie rre

Bciil 3aJIH-

3ra11,ye

BH3rraqae IX

TepnTopii; xopBaTH MaJIH 6paTH yqacTh y noxo11,i OJiera rra Bi3arrTiiO

907 poKy, npoTH HHX BiB Biilrry BoJIO)J,HMHp 993 p. Ha ocrroBi )J,arrnx, HKi )J,aB

KocTHHTHH

IIop<J>ipopo)J,HHH Ta irrrnnx )J,MepeJI, )J,OCJii)J,HHKH

BH3rraqaiOTh TepnTopiro xopBaTiB B 3araJihHOMY y KHX

ropax.

AJie

no3rraqnTH

B)J,aJIOCH.

Illo

Toqrrirne

CTOCY€ThCH

KapnaTax i

KOp)J,OHH IX

raJIHllhKOrO

qech-

po3ceJieHHH

noKH

IIpHKapnaTTH,

TOnOHOMiu;i u;iei TepHTOpii He 3HaH)J,eHO HiHKHX Ha)J,iHHO XOpBaTChKHX eJieMeHTiB i Tpe6a npnnycKaTH, )],eeL rra 3

3axi)J, a6o

rra

mo xopBaTH MHJIH rre B raJinqnrri,

IIHMH p03)J,yMaMH Bi)J,OMoro 3HaBIIH icTopii raJIHqHHH I.

n'HKeBnqa

IIiB)J,eHh".

MOlKHa

norO)J,HTHCH,

OCKiJihKH

cy)J,HTH

II.

KpH-

TOMy,

XOpBaTH He MOrJIH lKHTH Ha IIpHKapnaTTi, 60 He 3aJIHIIIHJIH npo ce6e TOnOHiMiqHHX 3ra)J,OK,

u;e

3HaqHTh 3anepeqyBaTH o6'eKTHBHi iCTO-

pnqrri npou;ecn, HKi qacTo CTHpaJIH il irrrni TonorriMiqrri 3ra)J,KH ni3rrirnoro

qacy.

IIY JILmnrrn

U:e

BH)J,HO

npHKJia)J,i

IIoKyTTH,

EoiiKiBmHHH

ry-

XV- XVII I cT.

Cyqacrri icTopHKH no-pi3rroMy TpaKTYIOTh po3ceJieHHH 6iJIHX xopBaTiB.

0)J,Hi

KapnaT, Merra

HHX

BKa3yiOTh

irrrni TBep)J,HTh,

XOpBaTiB,

noceJieHHH

o6H)J,Ba

rri6nTo pailorr IIpnKapnaTTH rraceJIHJIH

YTBOpiOBaJIH

BeJIHKHH

U:iKaBa rinoTe3a JihBiBChKoro apxeoJiora

COI03

60KH nJie-

nJieMeH.

M. 10. CMirnKa, HKHH rre

TiJihKH TBep)J,HB Ha OCHOBi )J,aHHX p03KOnOK npo aBTOXTOHHiCTh XOpBaTiB

rra

IIpnKapnaTTi,

KapnaTChKHX KypraHiB

aJie (iJ,HB.

B6aqaB IX HOrO

3B'H30K

npau;10

3 rrociHMH

KYJILTYPH

,PaHHhOCJIOB'HHChKa KYJih-

ImocmpoeaHa Typa

icmopifl

KaprraTChKoro

HayK AH

3aHMaJIH

IIJieMeHa

HayKoBi

3arrncn

iHCTHTYTY

cycrriJihHHX

0. illaxMaTOBa, Ha IIiB)J,eHHHH CXi)J, Bi)J, TepHTOpii,

XOpBaTH

THBepu;iB

cepe)J,HHi X KneBa.

rri)J,rip'n.

ToM

YPCP').

3a )J,aHHMH 0. HKY

IlpuKapnammR.

cepe)J,HiH

yJinqiB.

CTOJiiTTH,

HH.lKHiH

YJinqi

Teqii

,UHiCTpa,

rrepeceJIHJIHCH

a paHiiiie BOHH rrepe6yBaJIH

CIO)J,H

.lKHJIH

JIHIIIe

Ha JI:Hirrpi HH.lKqe

,IloBicTi BpeMeHHHX JiiT" BOHH HapiBHi 3 xopBaTaMH 3ra-

iJ,YIOThCH B rroxo)J,i

907 poKy, a B)J,pyre u;eil .lKe

OJiera Ha Bi3aHTiiO

JiiTOIIHCellh 3ra)J,y€ rrpo HHX, KOJIH BOHH 6paJIH yqaCTh y IIOXO)J,i KHH3H Iropn

rrpoTH

BapnriB

Bi3aHTii:

pycnqiB,

, B

9 4 4.

JiiTo

IIOJIHH,

lrop

CJIOBeH,

3i6paB

KpHBHqiB,

li)KaBi )J,aHi IIO)J,a€ aHOHiMHHH reorpalj>

6araTo

BOIHiB-

THBepu;iB".

naBapChKHH rrpo THBepu;iB,

BKa3yroqn, IIIO Ha TiH TepHTOpii, )J,e BOHH p03CeJIHJIHCH,

14 8

CTOHJIO

MiCT-rpa)J,iB. Ilpo u;e Ille B 1848 pou;i IIHCaB Bi)J,OMHH qecbKHH BqeHHH

I. I. illalj>apnK y CBOIH rrpau;i ,CJioB'HHChKi )J,peBHOCTi". lin icTopnqHa 3ra)J,Ka BHKJIHKa€ 3au;iKaBJieHHH TOMY, Ill 0 IIHMH rpa)J,aMH THBepu;iB MOrJIH

6yTH

3rO)J,OM

.lK

CaMi

BHpOCTaJIH

CJIOB'HHChKi

MiCTa.

cxi)J,HOCJioB'HHChKHX

THM

6iJihiiie,

IIIO

rrJieMiHHHX

coro3iB

TepnTopii Mi.lK ,UHicTpoM, IIOJIOBHHi

ropO)J,Hilla,

CTOJiiTTH

IlpyToM i

BOHH

THBepu;i IX

,UyHaeM.

BXO)J,HJIH

i3 cT.

3apO)J,KiB 6yJIH

O)J,HHM

rrpo.lKHBaJIH

,Uo Toro .lK y

CKJia)J,

HKHX

i3 Ha

rrepiiiiii

KHIBChKOI )J,ep.lKaBH,

a)J,.lKe He BHIIa)J,KOBO IX 3aJiyqaB )1,0 IIOXO)J,y KHH3h lrop 944 poKy. AJie u;e TiJihKH

Haiiii

Ba.lKJIHBO i qacTHHOIO JIKIIIO

3)J,Ora)J,KH ...

Te,

IIIO B XII-Xill

raJIHllhKOrO xoq

cT.

u;i rrJieMeHa cTaJIH CKJia)J,OBOIO

KHH3iBCTBa.

IIpH6JIH3HO

MO.lKHa

CTBep)J,.lKyBaTH,

IIIO

6iJii

XOpBaTH i

THBepu;i 6yJIH qacTKOBO po3ceJieHi y IIpnKaprraTChKOMY Kparo B VIIIX

cToJiiTTnx, To, Ha iJ,YMKY apxeoJiora B.

cTapopycLKHX rraM'HTOK

B. AyJiixa, cTaH BnBqeHHH

rriBHiqHo-cxi)J,HOMY

IIpnKaprraTTi i

Ha 3a-

xi)J,Hiil BoJIHHi IIOKH IIIO He )1,03BOJIHB BH3HaqHTH TepHTOpiaJihHi Me.lKi 3ra)J,aHnx rrJieMeH Ta pi3HHIIIO B IX Bci u;i rrJieMeHa IIpnKaprraTTH cepe)J,Hhoro

6iJIHX xopBaTiB, THBepu;iB, yJinqiB, IIIO 3aceJIHJIH

VIII-X

cToJiiTL,

Ilo)J,HirrpoB'H.

CXi)J,HOCJIOB 'HHChKHH

ToMy

6yJIH

TicHo

rri3Hiiiie

eTHOKYJihTypHHH

RKHH rocrro)J,apchKHH yKJia)J, 6yB y rraTTH?

KYJILTypi.

3B'H3aHi

BOHH

HaceJieHHHM

3JIHJIHCH

e)J,HHHH

eTHOC. u;nx coi03HHX rrJieMeH IIpnKap-

Ha u;e )J,ae qiTKy Bi)J,rroBi)J,h apxeoJior B.

B. AyJiix Ha ocHoBi

BoJZoiJuMup

apxeoJioriqrrnx

BHHBJieHHX rraM'HTOK Typn

MaTepiaJihHOI KyJih-

llpHKaprraTChKOMY

periorri. B

Birr

OCTaHHiH

JiiTTH

6yJIO

IIO)J,apCTBi

IT p

CTBep)J,Mye,

rre

epn

3eMJiepo6-

ceprrH,

roc-

rraceJieHHH.

roBopHTh Ha

rn:o

THCHqo-

OCHOBHHM rrLoro

BHHBJieHi KOCH,

qBepTi

rrarnol

CTBO

Fpa6oeeu,bKUi1

3Haxi)J,KH,

IIOCeJieHHHX: Bi)J,6HTKH

XJii6-

HHX 3eperr rra o6rraJierriil rJIHrri.

3HaH)J,eHi

pHHHHX

KiCTOK

peiiiTKH

TBa-

CBi)J,qaTh,

UJ:O

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I I J i e M e H a C 0103HHX 06 '€)J,HaHh

X-XI em.

J(aeHbopycbKe JICUmJlo.

yTpHMyBaJIH

PeKoHcmpyKU,iR

Xy)J,o6y, iHIIIHX

KpiM Toro, peMicrrnqi

BHpo6n,

o6po6rroro, ChKi rrpo

UJ:O

CBi)J,qHTh

Po3Korrarri

136

rriKaBy

6araTO

aJie

p03BHTOK TyT

BHCOKOrO

cT.

3Haxo)J,HMO

KOBaJihChKOro,

icrryBaJIH

piBHH

)J,epeBO-

TKarrLKi

)J,OCHrHyJIO

TBapHH.

JIHMap-

rorrqapCTBO,

3HaXi)J,OK.

Kyprarrrrnx

KapTHHY

rrpo

peMecJia.

OC06JIHBO

CBi)J,qHTh

parrirne,

UJ:O

YII-IX

poraTy

CBHHeH

)J,OMaiiiHiX

rra rrnx rroceJieHHHX y

KOCTopi3rroro

MaHCTeprri,

BaiOTh i

rroBCIO)J,H

BeJIHKY

OBerrh,

o6pH)J,y

rracnrraJIH

rpyHTOBHX

IIOXOBaHHH

Kyprarrn.

U:e

MorHJihHHKiB

TpyrriB,

BH)J,HO

po3Kpn-

CIIaJIIOBaJIH,

6araTLox

rroceJieH-

HHX. LKnTJia U:e

6yJIH

rrepeKOHY€

KaprraTTi

lKHJIO

)J,apCTBO. OCHOBi

pi3HHrri.

3aTe

AyJiix

IIJieMiHHi

BeJIH

CTBep)J,Mye,

rn:o

rri

TepHTOpiaJihHi lKHTeJI

IIHChMOBi

qnrroM, BOlK)J,i,

Bi)J,)J,iJieHi

HKi

CTaiOTh

<J>opMyeTLCH HKi

3rO)J,OM

ciM'I

O)J,HOrO.

llpHrOCIIO-

o6'e)J,HyBaJIHCH

rra

06UJ:HHH.

CBi)J,qaTh

BH)J,HO

rrpo

CBO€pi)J,HHM KJiacoBe

CTaiOTh

Bi)J,

COI03iB

iH)J,HBi)J,yaJihHe

IIOXOBaHh

)J,lKepeJia

O)J,He

IIJieMiHHHX

HKi

OKpeMHX

,MylKiB",

TaKHM

po3MipoM HaCeJieHHH

ciM' HMH,

iHTepeciB

CKyrri

6araTHX

3a UJ:O

OKpeMHMH

iHBeHTapH

<J>eo)J,aJiiB. IOThCH

TOMy,

CIIiJihHHX

Cepe)],

KJiacy

rreBeJIHKi B

MaHHOBOI

Bi)J,OKpeMJieHHH

IIaHiBHHM

cycrriJILCTBo,

KHH3HMH.

KJiaCOM rroHBJIH-

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

lcTopin 3axi)J,HHX 3eMeJih

Pyci,

KY)J,H BXO)J,HJia TepnTopin IIpnKap-

rraTTH, u;iKaBa i, BO)J,noqac, cyrrepeqJinBa. CKa3aHO

JiiTOIIHClleM

, IIoBicTi

BpeMennnx

BHKJIHKaJIH

lKBaBy

InaKIIIe i

HecTOpOM

JiiT".

caMe

)J,HCKyciiO

ne MorJio 6yTn,

III,o cTaJiocn rroTiM

JiiTorrnci:

6yJIH

IIi)], BJia)J,OIO

llhOrO

981.

IIIO

u;i

qoMy

cBol BHTOKH.

BoJIO)J,HMHp

BeJIHKHH

TaK i 3arrnna

rroJIHKiB

rrpniiiiiJIH no Tin cToponi

IIpHKaprraTChKi

rpa)J,H

CBOIMH

3eMJIHMH

,B JiiTo

993. IIiiiioB BoJIO)J,HMHp na TO TYT rreqenirH

(,Unirrpa)

Bi)J, CyJin". TyT ncno, IIIO u;eil rroxi)J, KHH3H

6yB

CIIpHMOBa-

HHH IIpOTH IIJieMeH )J,yJii6iB i XOpBaTiB, HKi HaMaraJIHCH Bi)J,HOBHTH CBOIO )J,aBHIO rrJieMinny He3aJieMnicTh. RK BH)J,HO, Ha)J,TO )J,aJieKO 6yJIH Bi)J,)J,aJieHi IIpHKaprraTChKi 3eMJii Bi)J, CTOJihHOrO rpa)J,a, III06 Miu;no lx TpHMaTH rri)J, BJia)J,oiO KneBa. II i)J, qac inTepBenu;il rroJihChKOro KOpOJIH noJiecJiaBa Xopo6poro na

KniB B

1018 pou;i Bin 3arap-

6aB qepBeHChKi rpa)J,H-MicTa, KY)J,H BXO)J,HJIH

TepnTopil

TH.

JiiTorrnceu;h

u;e:

, ... A

3a6paBIIIH JIIO)J,eil

IIpnKaprraT-

TaK

rrncaB

BeJIHKi

6araTCTBa ...

rroBiB

co6oro,

MiCTa qepBeHChKi 3aHHHB, i IIIOB y U:H KaJia

rrpo

noJiecJiaB yTiK 3 KneBa,

6araTo

CBOIO

IIpHH-

3eMJIIO".

JiiTOIIHCHa IIOJieMiKy

qepBen, iniiii, HKi )J,OHHHi rri)J, Pyc-

a KOJIH BepHyBCH BiH 3 BiHHH XOpBaTChKOI,

KHIBChKOrO

qaciB

3apy6ilKHHX.

KniBChKOI Pyci?

IIiiiioB

THX

rroBi)J,OMJieHHH

IIOJIHKiB.

AJie )J,aJii qnTaeMo B JiiTorrnci: XOpBaTiB,

)J,lKepeJii

KopoTKi

BiTqH3HHHHX

3eMJIHMH,

rrpne)J,HaB )J,O

JiiTo

BH)J,HO,

u;i

a)J,Me Bci MH xoqeMo 3HaTH

3axorrnB MicTa lxni IIepeMHIIIJih, cro".

IIpo u;eil rrepio)J, JiaKoniqno

rOJIOBHOMY

BqeHHX

3 IIHMH

rriiiioB rroxo)J,OM na nnx i cano

AJie

ToM

3BiCTKa MilK

BHKJIH-

iCTOpHKaMH

Kui"BCbKUU

Bo!loduMup

KHJI3h

BeiluKuu

BoJtoiJuMup

IIOJihChKHMH rpa)J,iB,

BiTqH3HHHHMH

rpyrra,

TOqHiiiie,

rrepeBaMHO

pH,ll,y

JIOKaJii3auji

IIHTaHh

IIHX

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

icTopii

qepBeHChKHX

3aXi)J,HOpyChKHX

IIOJihChKHX iCTOpHKiB,

BBaMaJia,

MiCT.

IIIO

0)J,Ha

qepBeHChKHX

MicT B3araJii HK TaKHX He 6y JIO (A. H apyrneBnq), iHrni (B. KeHTIIIHHChKHH i

OTOTOMHIOBaJIH ropO,ll, qepBeH 3 MiCTOM

3aKpMeBChKHH)

qepBOHOrpa)J,

IlpHKaprraTTi.

q epBeHChKi ropO,ll,H,

,I(HiCTpi

KOp,ll,oHy To)J,iiiiHLoi IHrni

rro

Pa,ll,HHChKi IIIO

qepMHa

IloJILmi

rrpoTH

OCHOBi

(3a

TerrepiiiiHiM

.HpocJiaB

IloJILmi i

IlHChMOBi rrJieMiHHi

qepBeHChKi

BH3HaqaiOTh

MicTa

KOp,ll,OHH

BO€BO)J,CTBa.

)J,MepeJia

o;eHTpH

TOMY

3eMJIIO

,ll,yMe

6yJIH

CeJia

IIO)J,iJIOM), Qn

IIOJieMiKa

3aJIHIIIaTH

3)J,iHCHHB

cBoi qep-

BiHChKOBHH

rroBepHyB u;i MicTa KniBChKin Pyci.

IIOBOIOBaJIH

)J,OBO-

Mico;i

ChOrO)J,Hi.

My,ll,pHn He xoTiB

IloJihmeiO,

MaTepiaJiiB

a)J,MiHiCTpaTHBHHM

IIOXi)J,

Ilpo u;e ToqHo

1031 poKy . .HpocJiaB i McTHCJiaB,

3i6paBIIIH 6araTO BOIHiB, IIiiiiJIH Ha IIOJIHKiB. MiCTa,

qnM

3HaXO)J,HThCH

Jli06JiiHChKOrO

rrncaB HecTop-JiiTorrnceo;L: ,B JiiTo

ChKi

JIOKaJii3yBaJIH

BCTaHOBJIIOBaJIH JiiHiiO

apxeoJioriqHHX

q epBeH

IIpO,ll,OBMY€ThCH

rpa,ll,H

,ll,YMKH,

CepeT,

MiCTO

IIOBiTi

TaK qn iHaKrne, BeHChKi

IIHM

KniBcLKoi Pyci.

CTHP

icTopHKH

yqeHHMH

3p03yMiJIO,

3 IloJILmew.

rpy6erniBChKOMY MiM

piK

)J,aBHhOpyChKe y

3B' H3KY

rrpHTpHMYIOThCH

JiiHii

KniBcLKoi Pyci

)J,HTh,

IloJILmi

)J,OCJii)J,HHKH

rrpoxo)J,HJIH

3HOBY 3a6paJIH qepBeH-

IIOJihChKy".

MaJIO

rOBOpHTh

IIpnKaprraTTi.

rrncaB aKa)J,eMiK AH YPCP I. II.

rrpo

Och

Te,

Kpnrr'nKeBnq:

HKi

o;Loro

iHIIIi

rrpHBO,ll,Y

,He BHKJIIOqeHo, mo

Ha IIIHpOKiH TepHTOpii IlpHKaprraTTH icHyBaJIH iHIIIi IIJieMiHHi o;eHTpH: ,3BeHHrOpO,ll,, raJIHq, Tepe60BJIH, HKi rri3Hiiiie CTaJIH CTOJIHIIHMH KHH3iBCTB". B

,IloBicTi BpeMeHHHX JiiT"

oHy B rrepio)J, qacHi rpa)J,H icHyBaJIH.

HaBiTh

B3HTH

KHH3iBCTBa.

xoqa

raJIHq, 6

raJIHq

IIepeMHIIIJih,

Hiqoro -

raJIHq

HeBi)J,OMO

Man6yTHIO

B qeHi )J,OHe)J,aBHa BHBO)J,HJIH

Hhoro 3 XI-XII cT. 3po3yMiJIO,

3ra)J,y€ThCH 3 IIpnKaprraTChKoro peri-

KniBChKOI Pyci JIHIIIe

a rrpo

iHrni Toro-

3 )J,MepeJI.

CTOJIHIIIO

rreprni IIHChMOBi

BOHH

raJIHIIhKOro 3ra)J,KH

rrpo

cBiTJii HOBHX )J,aHHX u;n )J,aTa cnra€ 898 poKy.

IlhOrO

rrepio)J,y

6yB

rpa)J,OM-MiCTOM

TaKOIO

o6opoHHOIO cJ>opTeo;ew, HK y JiiTorrncHHH rrepio)J, XI-XII cToJiiTL, aJie BiH

TaKH

icHyBaB

Mir

6yTH

o;eHTpOM

HKOrOCh

IIJieMiHHOrO

COI03Y,

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

TaK caMo,

BOHoropo)J,, BOHH

JIHIIIe B

IlpuKapnammR.

q ep-

KoJIOMHH,

TncMeHHIIH,

JiiTOIIHCaX

ToM

xoq

3ra)J,yiOThCH

XI-XII cT. lcHyBaJIH i

)J,aBHhopycLKi ropo)J,HIIIa OJieiiiKiB

CHHTHHIIIHHi,

ropO)J,HH-

IIH Ha ropo)J,eHKiBIIIHHi,

EyKiB-

6araTo

rryJILcyBaJio

.lKHTTH.

TJiyMaqqnHi

iHIIInx, AJie

11,e

qepe3

6paK )J,.lKepeJI IXHH

MHHYBIIIHHa

IIOKpHTa

llel0,

Bi)J,OMO,

COI03iB

IIJieMeH

Ta€MHH)1,0

BOHH

HKHX

HaJie.lKa-

JIH B 11,o6y KniBChKOI Pycn- YKpaiHn. Po3rropoiiieHiCTh coro3iB

Bui3iJ KH5lJICof

rrJieMiHHHX

IIpnKaprraTTi

iJpyJICuHu.

XyiJoJICHUK Ilempo XwwiJHuCi

3ar-

po.lKyBaJia 3arap6aHHHM lx rroJihChKHMH <J>eo)J,aJiaMn,

a TOMY rri11, BJia)J,oiO

3 u;Loro,

6yJio.

Bnxo)J,nqn

3ayBa.lKye, IIIO )J,JIH BoJIHHi i ChKOI

Pyci

MaJia

BeJIHKe

II.

Kpnrr'nKeBnq cJiyiiiHO

IIpnKaprraTTH rrpnHaJie.lKHiCTh 11,0 KniB-

3HaqeHHH.

TicHi 3B'H3KH 3 KYJILTYPHHM i

KneBa IM TaKol He6e3rreKH

aKa)J,eMiK I.

3axi)J,Hi

3eMJii

BCTaHOBJIIOBaJIH

rroJiiTnqHnM .lKHTTHM Bciel Pyci i MorJIH

6paTH yqaCTh y BHpiiiieHHi 3araJihHO)J,ep.lKaBHHX IIHTaHh. JIO

piBeHh

KHYTHCH

BoJIO)J,HMHp

cycrriJILHoro KOJIO i

po3BHTKY

Micu;eBHX

RpocJiaB

3axi)J,Horo rrorpaHnqqn,

Kparo

qncJii

U:e IIi)J,HOCH-

He )J,03BOJIHJIO

iloMy

3aM-

H aHBH)J,a THiiiii KHIBChKi KHH3i

iHTepeciB. oco6JIHBOIO

B TOMY

yBaroro i

opraHi3yBaJIH

3axncT

Haiiioro Kparo.

13 p03)J,po6JieHHHM KHIBChKOI Pyci Ha IIpnKaprraTTi BHHHKa€ raJIHllhKe KHH3iBCTBO

O)J,HH

HaHCHJihHiiiiHX

eKOHOMiqHHX,

KYJILTYPHHX u;eHTpiB IIiB)J,eHHo-3axi)J,HOI Pyci. JIO cJiaBHi cTopiHKH B icTopiro ,UaBHhOI Pyci.

IIOJiiTHqHHX

U:e KHH3iBCTBO Brrnca-

BOJwiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bTWU

Po3,IJ,iJI II

IIPMKAPIIATTH B IIEPIO,U rAJIMUbKO-BOJIMHCbKOI ,UEP)KABM rroqATKY XIV cT.

XII

POCTHCJIABllql TA IX fPAJJ:ll XII cToJiiTTn, a ToqHi-

cepe,ll,HHH

rne 3i cMepTio .HpocJiaBa My,ll,poro

KniBChKa

Pych

BcTyrrnJia

TnroM

cToJiiTTH

MoryTHhOI

JIOCh CBOIMH -

OKpeMHX

KniBChKe,

KOJIHCh

)J,epMaBH

y,ll,iJihHHX

3'HBH-

KHH3iBCTB

CTOJIHU:HMH-rpa)J,aMn;

rr'nTh

i3 HHX

qepHiriBChKe, IIepencJiaBChKe,

BoJIO)J,HMHp-BoJIHHChKe CTBa

TepnTopii

)J,aBHhOpychKOI

I rrpo-

cMyry cJ>eo)J,aJihHOI po3)J,po6JieHocTi.

3Haxo)J,HJIHCh

KHH~B足

raJIHU:hKe

MeMax

cyqacHoi

YK-

paiHH. YMnparoqn,

MyiJpuu.

5lpoCJtae KHR:JICe

o6JZU'ilf5l

OCHOBi

rrepe)J,aB HOM

BHYKOBi

PocTHCJiaBy,

BoJIO)J,HMnpa.

IIIO

OcTaHHiil

KHH3h 3eMJii

6yB

CH-

CHHOM

JIJZaCmUlfHa

.HpocJiaBa My,ll,poro, aJie rroMep me 3a MHTTH

peKOHCmpyKU,i5l

cBoro TaK

KHIBChKHH

.HpocJiaB My,ll,pnil Bci rrpnKaprraTChKi

icmopU'iHOf

KpaHiOJZOcii.

BeJIHKHH

rroqaJiaCH

)J,HHacTiH

KiHU:H

XII

3 eMJieiO

)J,O

He)J,oBro

rrepe6yBaB Ha

3aJieMHY

rroJiiTHKY,

13ncJiaBa,

3aJIHIIIHB

6aTLKa.

PocTHCJiaBnqiB,

cToJiiTTH.

II eprnnil

IIpnKaprraTTi.

aJie

3a3HaB

rrpaBHJia

raJIHU:hKOIO

3aCHOBHHK

PocTHCJiaB

BiH HaMaraBcn rrpoBO)J,HTH He-

HeB)J,aqi

raJIHU:hKY 3eMJIIO i

HKa II

qepe3

KniBChKoro

KHH3H

rrepeHIIIOB TbMYTOpOKaHh,

6yB

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

1 TYT KHH3eM pp.

TyT

1064

noro

Bi3aHTiilcLKoro a

rn:o

.lKHTeJii

6HJIH

HyBaJIH

MiHiam10pa

JiiTorrnceu;h

,EyB

.lKe

(XV)

mo-

noM-

BKaMe-

oTpyiiHHKa.

rrncaB

3picT

PaiJ3ueiJtfliBcbKOi!O XIII

iMrrepaTopa,

HhOrO

Eo,

H ecTop:

PocTHCJiaB

)J,06JieCTHHH

Hecmop-Jtimonuceu,b.

rrocoJI

KopcyHH

PocTHCJiaBa,

CTHJIHCH

1066

ITO

oTpyiB

6010,

CTaBHHH,

MY.lK a

KpaceH

Jtimonucy MHJIOCTHBHH

JIHlleM,

em.

)1,0

y6ornx". PocTHCJiaB BoJio)J,apn

3arnHyB, BacHJihKa,

raJIHllhKiH

3eMJii.

JIOCTeH,

BoJio)J,ap

TopoKaHhChKe HYBCH.

(1092

3aJIHIIIHBCH

3aJIHIIIHB

HKi

CrroqaTKY

aJie

crroqaTKY p.),

rrpou;ec

CrroqaTKY

6paTH

pHK

BacHJihKO

(3aJIHIIIHJIH-

rrpn

)J,Bopi

poKy

6yJIH

cBolx 30

xoTiB

3Mir B

HhOMY

Pro-

CHHiB

poKiB

KHH3HMH

HaBiTh

PropnKa,

KHH310BaJIH

,i3rOHMH",

co6i

rroBepHyTH

yTpHMaTHCH

6e3

IIOTiM

TLMyIIOBep-

IIiCJIH

KHH3iBCTBaMH.

BO-

CMepTi

BacHJihKO

KHH3eM.

OBOJIO)J,iHHH

HOM?

,UHiCTpOM

CH-

Ha)J,

KHH3H

1084

I I epeMHIIIJihChKHM

Tepe60BJIHHChKHM

JIK po3rOpTaBCH

Tphox

3BeHHrOpO)J,ChKHM,

3eMJii

BOHH

PocTHCJiaBnq

KHH3iBCTBO,

BoJIO)J,iB

PropnKa

aJie

IIHMH

OKpaiHaMH )J,aBHhOpyChKOI

...;:. _.\,.,..,w,.-,·t"',w"•"M~nrt •mu. tli'"'"''rte::, • ... 'l I'{J\ALf!/11'\

G!_4UJI~

ar'ri,SO•r41""'\rtN!,ltl'l0,-.rt\t~,AOI•

,tt1tH'· I

BoJIHHChKoro

.HporroJIKa

I3HCJiaBnqa

BoJIO)J,HMHpi Ha BoJIHHi, aJie

IIOTiM

3YMiJIH

BOJIHHChKHM

OBOJIO)J,iTH rpa)J,OM,

IIHM 3rO-

)J,OM ii iHIIIHMH TaKHMH y)J,iJILHHMH

MicTaMH,

MHIIIJih )J,OMo, Bnqi

Tepe6oBJIH.

3YMiJIH

BHrHaTH

IIepeHe

Bi-

PocTHCJia-

3arOHH

IIOJih-

ChKHX BiHChK noJiecJiaBa CMiJIHBOro

OBOJIO)J,iTH

Ilepe-

0 mpyeHH5l 5lpocJtaea

PocmUCJlaBa

KHH3H

MyiJpo2o, iJuHacmii'

eiiJ

ca!lUU,bKUX

PocmucJtaBulfiB. PaiJ3uBiflfliBcbK020

5lKOi!O

Jtimonucy

BHyKa niUJJta KH5l3iB

MiHiam10pa XIII

(XV)

em.

BoJtoiJuMup

KHR3i 3acJtyJ~CeHui1

XyiJOJICHUK MHIIIJieM

IIHM

ChKi

KHH3i,

MaTH

€)J,HiCTh lx

co6o10

6paTiB

CBOIX

<J>eo)J,aJiiB,

3aronn

HKi

rrpHKaprraTChKi

ChKHX HKHX iHIIIHX

rOJIO)J,OM

II.

PocTHCJiaBnqi

,Ili)J,HHBIIIH

6yJIO

3eMJii

TaK

36poiO,

BipHHX

IIpHMYIIIYIOTh

IIpOTH

Kpnrr'nKeBnq,

BOHH

O)J,HHX

BHXO)J,HTH

O)J,HaK

Mio;na

BOJIO)J,iHHH.

<J>poHTH: i

)J,e

CTOHJIH

o;iKaBi

3-IIi)J, i

xpo-

)],ani,

rroJih-

rrporaHHIOTh

IIOJih-

yKpirrJieHh,

rrepeKyiiOBYIOTh i

Mic-

rroJihChKi

BJia)J,H

3aMKiB

MiCT

IIOJihChKHX

rrocnJiaroqnch

ycyBaiOTh

KHlByTpH-

IM )J,OIIOMaraJio

3eMJii

pycLKHX

BOIHiB,

)J,Ba

poKoM

u;i

KOp)J,OHi

3YMiJIH

3eMeJihHi na

yropChKHX

Ma6yTL,

10 9 0

neJierKa,

HIIIJia

.aepKalf

OIIOJiqHJIHCH

rrepeMororo

IIepeMHIIIJii,

rri)J,

leap

3aXi)J,HOMY

HHX

CBOI 6aThKiBChKi

3BiJihHHJIH

naqaJihHHKiB

3aJIOrH

6yJia

arpeciero.

naBO)J,HTh

IIpOTH

EopoTL6a

narrpHKJia)J,,

YKpai"Hu

rpa)J,OM xoq

BHHIIIJIH

KHH3iBCTB,

AKa)J,eMiK

CTapiiiHH He

HK,

,UJiyroiiia,

ChKHX IIaHiB:

rrpHKaprraTChKi

3arpo.lKyBaJIH

BiilchK.

Rna

3eMJii.

CXi)J,HHX

naceJieHHH,

niKy

PocTHCJiaBnqi u;i

KY!lbmypu

pyChKHM

KHH3iBCTBa.

3YMiJia Bi)J,CTOHTH

6opoTL6a

IIpOTH

o;eBe

O)J,HaK

PocmucJtaBulfi.

npau,iBHUK

MiliHHM

IliB)J,eHH0-3axi)J,HOrO

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

TBep)J,HHh.

rpiiiiMH, A

KOrO

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

He MOrJIH rrepeKOHaTH IIi)J,CTYIIOM, 3pa)J,OIO a6o IIJ:e)J,piCTIO, TOrO rrepeMOrJia )J,OBra

o6Jiora

pycnniB".

AJie u;e cTaJiocn TiJihKH rricJIH 3'"i311,y KHH3iB B Jiw6eqi rri11, KnEBOM, )J,e

YTBep)J,HBCH

IIpHHIIHII

OTqnny CBOIO"),

y)J,iJihHOrO

BOJIO)J,iHHH

("KaM)J,O

)J,a )J,epMHTh

IIJ:06 YHHKHYTH po36paTy rrepe)J, JIHlleM IIOJIOBellhKOi

He6e3IIeKH. ,I(o TaKoro BHCHOBKY IIpHHIIIOB i KHiBChKHH KHH3h BceBOJIO)J, JlpOCJiaBOBHq,

HK CTapiiiHH

Ilpo u;eil icTopnqnnil 3'i311,, ChKi

PocTHCJiaBnqi,

IIpniiiiiJIH

cepe)], KHH3iB Ha TO)J,iiiiHiH

na HKOMY 6yJIH rrpncyTni i

H ecTop TaK rrncaB:

JiiTorrnceu;h

CBHTOIIOJIK

KniBChKHH

BoJIO)J,HMHp

, B

Pyci.

rrpnKaprraTJiiTo

MonoMax,

1097.

OJier,

6paT iloro ,UaBH)J,, i BacHJihKO PocTHCJiaBnq. 3i6paJincn BOHH B Jiw6eqi Ha pa)J,y )J,JIH BJiaiiiTyBaHHH MHpy i CKa3aJIH O)J,HH O)J,HOMy: ry6nMo

PycLKY 3eMJIIO caMi

IIOJIOBlli 3eMJIIO Haiiiy p03)J,Hpa10Th Ha IIIMaTKH i MH BiHHH Be)J,eMO MiM co6010. i

6y11,eMo

BoTqnnow

6eperTH if IIIanyBaTH CB0€10:

IIepencJiaBoM, iHIIIi

J1106el{bKUU

3aMOK

KH5l3iB

Ha 3a

3eMJIIO

XXII 5lKOMY

KH5l35lMU

PycLKY,

KnEBOM,

qepniroBHM,

3eMJIHMH

pa)J,iiOTh

3 TOrO, IIJ:O

xail KOMeR BOJIO)J,i€

BoJIO)J,HMHp

BacHJihKO

MonoMax

Tepe6oBJieM,

Ha TOMY lliJiyBaJIH xpecT".

em.,

06'€)J,HaHMOCH Bi)J,HHHi €)J,HHHM cepu;eM

CBHTOIIOJIK

OJier

CBOiMH

)J,JIH qoro

MiM co6o10 BJiaiiiToBywqn po36paT?

5lKOMY

IlepeMUUlflb Pocmuc!laBuiJaMu.

eiiJ6yec5l Tepe6oB!l5l

icmopUJmuu 3aKpinuflUC5l

PeKoHcmpyKl{i5l

BoJtoiJuMup

0cJtinJteHH5l KH5l3eM

KhiJI3-JI

mepe6oBJt5lHCbKOi!O

)JaeuiJoM.

MiHiam10pa

BacuJtbKa

PaiJ3uBiflfliBcbK020

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

BO!lUHCbKUM

XIII

Jtimonucy

(XV)

em.

3a Jho6errhKHM 3'I3)J,OM rpa)J,H IIepeMHIIIJih i Tepe6oBJIH i3 CBOIMH BOJIOCTHMH xoq rriJiyBaJIH

ocTaToqrro 3aKpirrHJIHCH

KHH3i

xpecT,

Jlro6eqi

O)J,HaK

3a PocTHCJiaBnqaMn.

rrpHCHraJIHCH

O)J,HH

HHX -

BipHiCTh

BOJIHHChKHH

6paTepCTBY

KHH3h

,I(aBH)J, -

rri)J,cTyrrrro rroJIOHHB Tepe6oBJIHHChKoro KHH3H BacnJILKa, ocJiirrnB iloro i

yB'H3HHB y

BoJIO)J,HMHpi.

U:e BHKJIHKaJIO o6ypeHHH iHIIIHX KHH3iB,

6paT iforo BoJIO)J,ap rriiiiOB ITOXO)J,OM Ha ,I(aBH)J,a i He TiJihKH BH3BOJIHB cJiirroro

BacnJILKa,

)J,icTaB

pyKn

KaTiB

rroKapaB

JIIOTOIO

CMepTIO. BeJIHKHH KHIBChKHH KHH3h MHpCbKe

KHH3iBCTBO

yropcLKoro rri)J,

KopoJIH

IIepeMHIIIJih.

ITOJIOBerrhKOrO piKoiO

3po6nB

II p o

u;eil

rrpeTeH)J,yroqn

raJIHllhKi rrpoTH

rrepeMO.lKHHH

6in

,36HJIH

yTiKJIH yrpn,

Cnrri...

IIIO IX y6nTo 40 Tncnq".

Ka3aJin,

rra

BoJIO)J,H-

)J,OITOMOrOIO i

rri)J,iHIIIOB

)J,orroMororo

10 9 9 porri yroprriB Ha)J,

raJinrri 36nBae. i

3apyqnBIIIHCh

po3rpOMHJIH

qnTa€MO:

3eMJii,

PocTHCJiaBnqiB

BacnJILKo,

bOHHKa,

JiiTOITHCi

rroxi)J,

BoJio)J,ap

XaHa

B 'nrpo10.

perrTiiBChKOMY

CBHTOITOJIK,

HaBiTh

PocTHCJiaBnqiB

yrpiB

6araTo IX rroTorryJio y

M'nq,

B JlaB-

B'nrpi,

COKiJI irriiii B

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

llhOMY

IlpuKapnammR.

JiiTOIIHCi

ToM

HaiiHCaHO,

IIIO

1 KHIBChKHH

rnyKaB coi03HHKiB rrpoTH PocTHCJiaBnqiB, mo6 aJie

HiXTO

iforo

KHH3h

CBHTOIIOJIK

,3a6paTH IX BOJiocTi",

IIi)J,TpHMaB.

,UaJii PocTHCJiaBnqi rriiiiJIH rra yro)J,y 3 Bi3arrTi€IO, mo6 rrorrepe)J,HTH yropChKY

arpeci10.

iMrrepaTopa

lli€10

OJieKcin

MeTOIO

BoJIO)J,ap

Bi)J,)J,aB

CBOIO )J,OqKy

KoMrrerra.

Bi)J,oMo 3 )J,MepeJI, mo PocTHCJiaBnqi )J,eHKHH qac 3 )J,HIIJIOMaTnqrrnx MipKyBaHh poM

rri)J,TpnMyBaJIH

MorroMaxoM,

KHH3iB

IIHM

yropchKHX

BeJIH

)J,OCHTh

3aXHillaJIH

cJ>eo)J,aJiiB.

rroJioH )J,O rroJIHKiB. IIHJIH

Bi)J,rrocnrrn

BoJio)J,apn

IIpaB)J,a,

AJie

CBOI

KHIBChKHM

ycrrirnrri 3eMJii B

KHH3eM

rroxo)J,H

Bi)J,

rrpoTH

HaCKOKiB

1122 pou;i

rroJihChKHX

IIOJihChKHX

BoJio)J,ap

6paT BacHJihKO Ta cnrr

BoJIO)J,HMH-

rroTparrnB

Ta y

BoJIO)J,HMHpKo BHKy-

200 Tncnq rpnBeHh cpi6JioM.

13 cMepTIO PwpnKa B 1094 pou;i 6paTH 3aKpirrHJIH 3a co6o10 CBOI 3eMJii. BoJio)J,ap BOJIO)J,iB IIepeMHIIIJieM i 3Berrnropo)J,oM, aTepe6oBJIH i

raJIHq

(Ky)J,H BXO)J,H-

JIO Bee IIpnKaprraTTH) rraJieMaJIH

BacHJihKOBi.

OcTaHHhOMY

)J,OBO)J,HJIOCh 6araTO yBarH IIpH)J,iJIHTH CBOIM y)J,iJiaM rrepe)J, rre6e3rreKoiO

IIOJIOBellhKHX

Ha6i-

riB, a TOMY Birr 3aceJIHB rrorparrnqrri

3eMJii cTerroBHKaMn.

o;Loro MorJIH rriTH Jierrnx

rryHKTiB

qerriMHH,

rra3BH

rrace-

IIoJioBo;i,

IIe-

TopKH.

KoJIH IIOBMHpaJIH B BoJio)J,ap

Bi)J,

1124 poo;i

BacnJILKo,

crra)J,IIIHHOIO

3HOBY

KHH3iBChKa

MiMyco6nu;n.

rnnil

BoJio)J,apn

cnrr

rra)J,

rraBHCJia IIepBoJio-

)J,HMHpKo o)J,epMaB 3Berrnropo)J,, i1,pyrnil

cnrr PocTHCJiaB -

peMHIIIJih, rpnropiil

BacHJihKOBi y

Tepe6oBJIIO,

crra)J,OK a

IBarr

IIe-

CHHH

OTpHMaB raJinq.

3aCHOBHUK KH5l3b

Fa!lUU,bKOco

Bo!loiJuMupKo

XyiJo:HCHUK

Muxau/lo

KH5l3iecmea Bo!loiJapeeulf. (jJ i20/lb

BoJtoiJuMup

TaKHM na

qnnoM,

qoTnpn

xoTiB MY

crra)J,rn:nna

KHH3iBCTBa,

rroMnpHTH

3'I3)J,i

BoJio)J,apn

TOMY

BeJIHKHH

III,npu;i.

AJie

KHIBChKHH B

BacnJILKa

rroqaJiacn

1126

KHH3h

pou;i

3HOBY

qacoM

KHH3iBCTBO

IIpnKaprraTTi Bn6paB

CTOJIHlleiO

BoJIO)J,HMHpKo

raJinqi. 3a CBOIO

BoJIO)J,H-

I I epeMHIIIJih

OMY

HKY

na KHH3iBChKO-

PocTHCJiaB

3Bennropo)J, raJIHllhKe

6yJia rro)J,iJiena

MbKyco6nu;n,

McTHCJiaB

rroMnpae

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

CaMe

CTOJIHIIIO?

u;eif

O)J,He

rpa)J,

li)KaBa rrpo6-

JieMa •••

EyiJieHuu,meo MiHiam10pa

Jl:o

llhOrO

qacy

PocTHCJiaBnqi ChKOro JIH,

PaiJ3uBiflfliBcbK020

JiiTOIIHCHHH

6y)J,yBaJIH

KHH3iBCTBa.

2paiJa.

raJIHq

<J>yn)J,aMeHT

JiiTorrncax

XIII

Jtimonucy

(XV)

3aJIHIIIa€ThCH

Mai16yTHhOro

3ra)J,yBaJIHCH

em.

TiHi,

KOJIH

raJIHllhKO- BoJIHH-

IIepeMHIIIJih,

Tepe6oB-

3Bennropo)J,. paiiTOM

IIHTaHHH: 13 MOM,

KOJIH

CTOpiHKH i

3aHeiia)J,OM CTHXiHMH

HaCTYIIHHX 6yB

aBTOp

Bin

)J,aB

)J,e

BiH

JiiTOIIHCY

IIpHpO)J,H,

UJ:O

raJIHq

I I epiiiHM,

6yB

MOrHJie

naqaTbe

rrpnqnn

BHKOHaB.

o6iu;nnKy: raJinqa,

BHKJIHKaHHH

IIOCTYIIOBO XTO

raJIHllhKO- BoJIHHChKOro

inTpnryroqy

raJinq.

To)J,i

BHHHKa€

BHHHK?

KHH3iBCTBa,

IIOKOJiiHh.

IIOTpaiiJIH€

3au;iKaBHBCH JiiTorrncy'

,11

OTKy)J,a

naTH€BHM

CTaBaB

ceM

BHHHKHeHHHM

HKHH

HaM

cKa.lKeM

rroqaJI",

rrorpo-

Ta€MHH£1el0

aJie

HeBi)J,OMHH. o

)J,JIH

MiCTa,

raJinqnne HeBi)J,OMHX

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

Y 3B'H3KY 3 o6Me.lKeHHMH

3 Ti€10

qn iHIII 010 IIO)J,i€10, cToJiiTL, pou;i

BiiiHH

HKa CTOCY€ThCH icTopii raJIHIIhKOI 3eMJii

KHIBChKoro )1,0

KHH3H

KneBa

raJinq,

KY)J,H

rraTepnK

CBHTOCJiaBa rrpHIIHHHBCH

)J,.lKepeJiax € 3ra)J,Ka rrpo

rrepio)J,y KHH310BaHHH PocTHCJiaBnqiB.

KneBo- II eqepchKHH

BacHJihKOM,

€ThCH

1096, 1113, 1141. Bci BOHH IIOB'H3aHi

a ToqHiiiie,

10 9 8

HeToqHHMH )J,.lKepeJiaMH B icTopiorpa-

lj>ii HaBO)J,HThCH KiJihKa )J,aT -

XI-XII

ToM

raJinq B

Bi)J,CTYIIHB

po3rroBi)J,ae,

13HcJiaBnqa

rri)J,Bi3

COJii

1113 pou;i.

rrepe)J,

HaCTYIIOM

noJiecJiaBa KpHBOYCToro KHH3h BoJIO)J,HMHpKO.

IIIO

rri)J,

qac

BoJio)J,apeM

raJinqa.

,UaJii

112 4 pou;i 3ra)J,yIIOJihChKOrO

KHH3H

,Uo6pnil 3HaBellh TO-

roqacHHX )J,.lKepeJI rrpo<J>ecop JlLBiBChKoro yHiBepcnTeTy l.illapaHeBnq CTBep)J,.lKye, IIIO B

1124 pou;i raJinq y.lKe 6yB 3HaqHOIO <J>opTeu;eiO.

1141 pou;i KHH3h BoJIO)J,HMHpKO IIITYPMY€ raJIHIIhKY <J>opTe£110, HKY 3a qacTOIO iloro Bi)J,cyTHiCTIO 3axorrnB

IBaH EepJia)J,HHK.

AJie TYT MOBa TiJihKH rrpo rrepiiii IIHChMOBi 3ra)J,KH, a He rrpo rroqaTOK BHHHKHeHHH IIOCeJieHHH raJinqa, HKHH XOBa€ThCH B rJIH6HHi BiKiB. ne3IIepeqHo, BHHHKHeHHH raJinqa CMiJIHBO MO.lKHa Bi)J,HeCTH )1,0 3HaqHo paHiiiioro rrepio)J,y II p o

qacy CKJia)J,aHHH IIJieMiHHHX COI03iB Ha IIpHKaprraTTi.

icHyBaHHH

IIOTBep)J,.lKY€ aHOHiMHOrO 3ra)J,y€

rrpo

IIIe

raJIHIIhKoro O)J,Ha,

HOTapH

yropChKOrO

rOCTIOBaHHH

rroceJieHHH-ropo)J,HIIIa

Ha6araTo

paHiiiia

)J,aTa.

KOpOJIH

neJIH,

raJIHIIhKOrO

KHH3H

MaeMo

HKHH

cToJiiTTi Ha

CBOIH

yropChKOrO

yBa3i icTopii

BaTa.lKKa

AJIMaiiiH 3i CBOIM BiilchKOM, IIIO TO)J,i rrepexo)J,HJIO qepe3 Pych Ha HOBi KOqOBHIIIa

IIaHOHiiO.

xoq )J,eHKi )J,OCJii)J,HHKH

BHCJIOBHJIH

CYMHiBH

IIIO)J,O u;Loro )J,.lKepeJia, HKe 6yJio HarrncaHo B 30-x poKax XII cToJiiTTH, aBTOp, Ma6yTh, MaB y CBO€MY p03110pH)J,.lKeHHi )J,aBHi )J,.lKepeJia, yropChKi xpoHiKH. rrepexi)J, y

TnM

rraqe,

IIIO

IrraTiiBChKHH

JiiTorrnc

TaKo.lK

3ra)J,ye

rrpo

8 9 8 pou;i yrpiB qepe3 PycLKi 3eMJii B II aHoHiiO. Po3KOIIKH

B OKOJIHIIHX raJinqa T e.lK CBi)J,qaTh rrpo rrepe6yBaHHH TYT yropu;iB. ne3IIepeqHo,

PoCTHCJiaBnqi

3aKJiaJIH

MiiiHi

OCHOBH

rpa)J,y

raJinqa,

HKHH He BHIIa)J,KOBO BoJIO)J,HMHpKO 3rO)J,OM 3p06HB CTOJIHIIeiO raJIHIIhKOro KHH3iBCTBa. BiJ,aJIO rrpo u;e IIIe B 19 37 pou;i IIHCaB MHCTeiiTB03HaBellh MapiaH raB )J,HK. BiH CTBep)J,.lKyBaB, IIIO KHH.lKHH raJIHq Tpe6a IIIyKaTH Ha IIOBepxHi

JiiMHHIIhK0-6HCTPHIIhKOI rop60BHHH,

KOTpy

BH6paJIH

xopo6pi

PocTHCJiaBnqi Ha CTOJIHqHHH ocepe)J,OK raJIHIIhKOI )J,ep.lKaBH. IIepe)J,OBCiM,

raJinq

Jie.lKaB

rrepexpecTi

TOprOBHX

IIIJIHXiB,

IIIO

rrpoxo)J,HJIH 3 rriBHiqHoro 3axo)J,y, 3 IIoJILIIIi i HiMeqqnHH, B3)J,OB.lK ,UHic-

Fa!lUlfUHa

MOcU!la

po3IwmwMu

Kpu!loci,

npaeiJonoiJi6Ho

6ye

5lKiU

ocmaHHiMU

noxopoHeHuCi

apxeOJIOcilfHUMU

3aCHOBHUK

cpaiJa

Fa!lulfa

Tpa rra rriB)J,eHh, qepe3 cxi)J, )J,O qoprroro Mopn Ta 3 rriBrroqi, 3 BoJiurri, rra rriB)J,eHh, qepe3 KaprraTu rra Yroprn:urry Ta )J,O Cepe)J,3eMrroro Mopn. Po3TaiiiyBaHHH Ha)J, ,UrricTpOM )J,aBaJIO raJiuqy MOlKJIHBiCTh TOproBeJihHHX

KYJILTyprrux

B3a€MHH

qoprroMopchKHMH

KpalrraMu,

oco6JiuBo 3 Bi3arrTi€1o. KpiM Toro, raJiuq rra rri)J,ripcLKiii rop6oBurri cepe)], piK

Mir )J,06pe

o6opOHHTHCH.

CXO)J,y JliMHUII,H, ,UrricTep,

3 i3

EucTpHII,H

IIiBHoqi 3axo)J,y

6oporruJiu

)J,OCTYIIH )1,0 CTpiMKUX CTiH, HKHMU rop60BUHa

orra)J,aJia

)J,O

rraB-

KOJiurnrrix )J,OJIHH. yKpirrJierra

rrpupo)J,OIO

3aJIUIIIUJiaCh qeTBepTa Ycpu

npoxoiJRmb

6ifl5l

Kueea

HanpRMi

FaJtulfa Ha JUJIRXY iJo IIaHoHif. MiHiamiOpa

PaiJ3uBiflfliBcbKOco

XIII

(XV)

em.

flimonucy

rriB)J,errrra, KaprraT

JIUIII e

cToporra 3BeprryTa )J,O Yroprn:urru.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

CTOJillll;JI f AJillQbKOI 3EMJII 4o -

oMy

o6'e)J,HaHHHM

ChKoro

% a«>>~ J'

peHeCTH

Bi)J,rroBi)J,ae

CTOJIH£110

aKa)J,eMiK

KHH3iBCTBO":

raJinqi.

iHIIIi

BOHH

BHTpHMyBaJIH

KHH3iBCTBa, )J,H,

liiO

6yB

Ba.lKJIHBHM

HOrO

6iJihiiie

B.lKe

MOpeM.

u;i

BoJIO)J,HMHpKO

ociB

Me Hill

,UocJii)J,HHKH

Ha)J,

lliKaBe

MicTa

pou;i,

12 0 6

XIX cToJiiTTH

3aCHOBHHK

raJinqa,

HKHHCh

co6i

IIi)J,HHJiaCH

Micu;eBiCTh, )1,0

MiCIIH,

)J,e

raJiaCJIHBa

rri3Hiiiie

36y)J,yBaJIH,

3B'H3KH

raJinqa

rn:o

3rpaH

COJieBap-

ciJIL",

3B'H3KiB

qepe3

rOJIOBHHM

raJinq,

6yB

cy)J,-

qOpHHM

CTaHOBHilla

CTOJIHlli.

qac

CJii)J,

Ha3BY

Ha3Ba

raJinq.

BBa.lKaTH

rn:o B

iloro

3pyqHoiO

rroqnHa€ThCH

)J,JIH

Hiil

qecTh.

IcTopnK cepe6yB rroxoBaHnil

JiereH)J,a p03IIO-

o6opoHn,

OKOJIH£1H.

,raJinqa",

BOpOHHH

BBa.lKaJIH,

IIo6y)J,yBaBIIIH

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOMY

,raJinqnHa MornJia".

raJinq?

0)J,Hi

raJinq.

O)J,HHM i3 rrepiiiHX KHH3iB,

Ha3BaJIH raJinqeM.

KneBOM

raJIHq

llhOMY

OKOJIHIIHX cyqacHoro raJinqa.

6yJia

Terrep

qacn

u;eHTpi

IlpH

oqeBH)J,HO,

u;eil

CJIOB 'HHHH

rn:o I I HacnrraJIH

liiO MiCTO 6yJIO 3aCHOBaHe

Harra-

IIiiiiJia

illapaHeBnq rrpnrrycKaB,

a6o,

IIOXO)J,y Ha 3aXi)J, 3YIIHHHBCH B

IIi)J,iHIIIOB

)1,0 i

pi3Hi

HeCIIO)J,iBaHi

,raJIHllhKa

3Bi)J,KH

IIOHCHIOBaJIH

poKoM 3ra)J,yeThCH

He)J,aJieKO

ocepe)J,KOM

TOprOBHX

IIepe-

KHH3iBCTBa".

IIHTaHHH:

6yB

KHH3iBCTBa

CTOHB

Jie.lKaB

raJIHq

1141

raJIHllhKOrO

HKHH

HKHM

)J,JIH

,raJIHllhKO-

OKpaiHax:

CTeiiiB.

6yJio,

BiH Hi6HTO Ha3BaB iforo CBOIM iMeHeM.

JiiTorrnci rri)J,

IIIH

MiCTO

IIi)J,HHJIH

raJinqi

IIO-pi3HOMY

3aCHOBHHKOM

Bi)J,ae,

CJIY.lKHB

,UHiCTep,

o6cTaBHHH

CaMe

3ra)J,yeThCH

IIIJIHX,

yrrpaBJiiHHH. a

rre-

IIHTaHHH

B OJIO)J,HMHpKa,

3arpo.lKyBaJIH

KHH.lKe

u;e

3BeHHrOpO)J,

raJinqy,

u;eHTpOM,

BnpiiiiHB a

CTOJIHlli

rro6JIH3Y

cToJiiTTi

COJii.

o6'e)J,HaHoro

Jl:pyre,

)J,HHH

piKOIO

Bci

rroqaTKOM

MiCTO,

qyMallhKHH

eKCIIOpTy

HOIIJiaBHOIO

rn:o

3a6e3rreqyBaJIO

IIpOXO)J,HB

u;eHTpOM

KOp)J,OHiB,

MOHorpalj>ii

HOBOI

o6JIOrH.

eKOHOMiqHHM

pailoHy.

raJIHq

Bi)J,

KOp)J,OHY, -

IIepeMHIIIJih-

raJinq?

3HaXO)J,HJIHCH

Tepe6oBJih

Haiia)J,H

)J,aJieKO

piiiieHHHM

BCTaHOBJieHHH MicTa

y)J,iJiiB

BoJIO)J,HMHpKo

,UHiCTep,

IIOJihChKOrO

KOp)J,OHY,

Kpnrr'nKeBnq

,CTOJihHi"

6JIH3hKO

BOJIHHChKOro

crra)J,KOBHX

, Ba.lKJIHBHM

6yJIO

MHIIIJih

Ha)J,

II.

BoJIHHChKe

Bci

CBOIX

3BeHnropo)J,ChKoro

HKHH IIi)], qac 06JII06yBaBiloro

3eMJii

TOMY

3ariH

XMapOIO

MicTo,

.HKe

U:H JiereH)J,a BKa3y€ Ha Tpa)J,HlliHHi

CTOJIHlleiO

Pyci.

BoJtoiJuMup ,UeHKi )J,OCJii)J,HHKH BBalKaiOTh,

CJIOB'HHChKOrO

CJIOBa

Ha3Ba

raJinqa

rep6i

raJIHllhKOrO

,raJIHlli",

rriiiiJia

,raJib" Bi)J,

HK KOJIHCh

III, e

TaKOlK

IIpHIIYUJ:eHHH,

306palKeHHH

iHIIIi

Ha3HBaJIH 3Mi10,

raJIHllhKa

3eMJIH

6araTa

KOTpi

HapiBHi

BHBO)J,HTh

UJ:O

Ha)J,paMH i3

HKOI 6yJio

Ha3BY

MiCTa

UJ:O Ha Bi)J,

6y Jia CHMBOJiiKOIO B 6ara-

rreprny

3eMJiepo6CTBOM

HarrpHM II eKoHoMi qHoro po3BHTKY,

€

(qopHHH).

raJIHllhKOrO KHH3iBCTBa.

)J,lKepeJiaMH,

o6rn:nHHoro

IIH Ha3Ba IIOXO)J,HTh Bi)J, CTapo-

qopHOI raJIKH,

KHH3iBCTBa.

ThOX 306palKeHHHX

UJ:O

Fpa 6oeeu, bJW i1

rroqnHaroqn

qepry,

COJIHHHMH

BH3HaqHJIH

OCHOBHHH

3 rrepio)J,y rrepBicHo-

Jia)J,y.

rrepio)J, <J>opMyBaHHH <J>eo)J,aJihHHX Bi)J,HOCHH y

Y-IX cToJiiTTHX

B qacn KniBChKOI Pyci Ta <J>eo)J,aJihHOI po3)J,po6JieHocTi (IX-Xill cT.) raJIHllhKa 3eMJIH B 6araThOX o;eHTpax llpHKaprraTTH rrpo)J,yKyBaJia ciJih i

p03B03HJia II 110 Be in TO)J,iiiiHiH

KHIB

Ha3HBaJIH

,COJIHHHM"

Pyci. ..

)J,OBro Ha3HBaJIH ,COJIHHOIO )J,OporoiO qa 6iJIH

KpnJioca

rraTChKoro CaMe

raJinqa B

Hapo)J,i

rn:e

,UoJIHHY

BeJIHKi

o;eHTpn

llpnKap-

COJieBapiHHH.

BJiacHe TOMY

peqi,

KaJiyrn

TOIIOHiMilli

IIIJIHX, HKHH rrpOJIHraB Bi)J, raJIH-

B llhOMY Tpe6a IIIyKaTH KOpiHh

MiCTa

IIOXO)J,lKeHHH Ha3BH

raJinqa.

,coJIHHa" rirroTe3a 3HailrnJia TaKe rnnpoKe BH3HaHHH B

icTopiorpalj>ii, Ha3Ba

HaBiTh IIIJIHX i3

Mico;eBiH

rroqnHaroqn

IIOXO)J,HTh

IIO)J,i6Hi

Ha3BH

ChKiH o6JiaCTi)

3 KiHIIH

Bi)J,

XVIII

rpeo;hKOrO

(HarrpHKJia)J,,

cToJiiTTH.

CJIOBa

raJinq

3ri)J,HO

,raJioc"

MepChKHH

Hero,

ciJih. y

,Uo

KocTpOM-

OTpHMaJIH COJieBapHi o;eHTpH lliBHiqHo-Cxi)J,HOI Pyci.

Ta H y Mico;eBOMY roBopi B OKOJIHIIHX raJinqa i )J,OCi rro6yTye BHCJiiB ,raJI",

,raJIKa",

IIJ;O 03HaiJa€ rpy,11,Ka coJii.

Cylj>iKc ,nq" Ta cJioBo ,raJI", MOMe, il yTBOpHJIH iiMeHHH rreprnoro IIJieMiHHOrO KHH3H, HKOrO Bi3aHTiilo;i, raJinqeM. pepOCJIO

BiH Mir 6yTH

a6o TaK 3BaHi rpeKH, Ha3HBaJIH

3aCHOBHHKOM Mico;eBoro ropO)J,HUJ:a,

3 eM6pioHy B rpa)J,.

CaMe

3 IIHM MorJia 6yTn

HKe

rre-

,rroB'H3aHa"

,raJinqnHa MOrHJia"' 3ra)J,aHa B raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOMY JiiTOIIHCi.

KOpHCTh o;iei riiiOTe3H CBi)J,qaTh CJIOBa JiiTOIIHC£111:

,A IIiCJIH llhOrO MH

CKalKeMO

raJinqa

IIOCTaB".

rrpo

raJIHqHHY

Xoq JiiTOIIHCellh He

crroqaTKY rrpo Ha iJ,YMKy,

MOrHJIY

MOrHJIY,

UJ:O BHHHKHeHHH

rrpo

BHKOHaB

rroqaTOK o6io;HHKH,

a IIOTiM rrpo rroqaTKH rpa)J,y IIOB'H3aHe

3Bi)J,KH

BiH

aJie IIOCJii)J,OBHiCTh raJinqa -

MOrHJIOIO.

HaBO)J,HTh

ImocmpoeaHa B rrpo

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

icTopuquiu JiiTepaTypi TpuBaJiuii qac ToquThCH rroJieMiKa Bqeuux MiCIJ,ep03TaiiiyBaHHH

CTapOBUHHOrO

raJiuqa.

0)J,Hi

BBa.lKaJIU,

rrepBiCHUU raJiuq 3HaXO)J,UThCH Ha KpuJIOChKiii ropi, iurni IIOB'H3yBaJIU iioro 3 IJ,i€10 TepUTOpi€10, )J,e ChOrO)J,Hi 3HaXO)J,UThCH MiCTO. Qe CTaJIOCH TOMY,

KOJIHIIIHH

KBiTyqa

CTOJIHIJ,H

rricJIH

E a TH€Boro uarn ecTH

3aHerraJia.

I TiJihKH MaTepiaJiu apxeoJioriquux po3KOIIOK KiHIJ,H XIX-XX cToJiiTL, He3arrepequo )J,OBeJIU, mO CTapOBUHHHH raJiuq 6yB p03TaiiiOBaHHH

KpuJIOChKiii

ropi

(TepuTopin

HHHiiiiHhoro

ceJia

KpuJioc)

6iJIH rri)J,Hi.lK.lKH II (xyTopu Ili)J,ropo)J,)J,H i qeTBepTKiB). B11,aJie reorpalj>ique p03TaiiiyBaHHH MiCTa IIOJierrnyBaJIO iioro 3aXUCT: KpuJIOChKa ropa

3 KpyrrHHMH

JlyKBH,

CXO)J,y

cxuJiaMu,

rJIU60KHH

Mo30JieBUH

3 3aXO)J,y -

rrpocTnraJiucn 11,0 piqKu Hp,

rriB)J,HH

IIITyqui

yKpirrJieHHH. Tpu rrapaJieJILHi JiiHii rroTy.lKHHX 3eMJIHHHX BaJiiB )J,OB.lKHHOIO

110 500 MeTpiB KO.lKHHH i

CTiJihKH .lK poBiB,

IIpOCTHraJIUCH

Bi)J, Kparo ypBuma, Ha)J, JlyKBOIO 11,0 Mo3oJieBoro npy, Bi)J,oKpeMJIIOBaJIH MicTo Bi)J, piBHHHH, HKY MiciJ,eBi .lKHTeJii Ha3uBaiOTh KaqKiBChKOIO.

ApxeOJwcilfHi

3HaxiiJKu

3o;wmo<o

moKy

Kpu!lOCbKiCi

copi

BoJtoiJuMup

Y BaJiax 6yJin 3po6Jieni qnMaJii BopoTa 3aBBniiiKn

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

14 MeTpiB. Bonn

CJiylKnJin )J,JIH paiiTOBnX Haiia)J,iB Ha BOporiB.

115 2 poKy, KHH3iBChKnH IIaJiall HBJIHB C0-

JIK rrepeKa3y€ JiiTorrnc

6010 )J,BorroBepxoBy 6y)J,iBJIIO i pa3oM 3 rrpn)J,Bopnoro u;epKBOIO Crraca CKJiaB €)J,nHnH

apxiTeKTypHnH ancaM6Jih.

niJihiiiiCTh apxeoJioriB BnCJIOBJIIO€ iJ,YMKY, IIIO KHHlKnH rraJiall p03TaiiiOByBaBCH B yKpirrJieHOMY KpeMJii Ha 30JIOTOMY TOlli. Ilpo Te, IIIO TYT

MOrJia

6yTn

Ca)J,n6a

raJinllhKOrO

KHH3H,

CBi)J,qnTh

CaMa

Ha3Ba

, 3oJioTnii TiK" Ta pi3ni apxeoJioriqni 3Haxi)J,Kn. KpiM KHHMoro rraJiau;y, TYT 3HaXO)J,nJinCh MnTJia i1,pyMnHHnKiB i peMiCHnKiB, HKi o6cJiyroByBaJin BCe KHH3iBChKe rOCIIO)J,apCTBO. LKnTeJii KHHlKOrO raJinqa IIO)J,iJIHJinCH Ha pi3Hi cou;iaJihHi BepCTBn. KHH3i, 6onpn, Bolnn MnJin MaiiMe B nerrpncTyrrnin, <J>opTnlj>iKoBaniii qacTnni MicTa-rpa)J,a, rrniiinnx rraJiaTax, TepeMax. OcnoBna Maca Tpy)J,HIIIOro JIIO)J,Y rrpoMnBaJia na Iloca)J,i i Ili)J,ropo)J,)J,i B y6ornx, narriBTeMHnX, 3aKypeHnX XnlKaX. Iloqnnaroqn Bi)J, 30JIOTOrO TOKY TepnTopii -

apxeoJioraMn

u;eHTpaJihHOI qacTnHn

IIpOTHrOM CTOJiiTTH Bi)J,KpnTO,

no Bciil HK CTBep-

)J,lKY€ apxeoJior 0. 0. PaTnq, 3aJiniiiKn i <J>yn)J,aMeHTn 6iJILIIIe )J,eCHTn u;epKOB: YcrreHChKOro co6opy )J,peBHhOro raJinqa B KpnJioci, CrracbKOI u;epKBn na

ropi Kaprrnu;n, neBi)J,oMol u;epKBn B ypoqnilli

Kap-

rraTiB ran, u;epKBn KnpnJia i M elj>o)J,iH B ypoqnilli , Ili)J, ,Ui6poBoiO", IJIJii B IIpoKaJii€BOMY Ca)J,y, IllaX,

u;epKBn

BocKpecinchKOI

nJiarOB€IlleHChKOI Ha U:epKBn-

ypoqnilli

BocKpecencLKe,

u;epKBn

IIanTeJieiiMona, e)J,nnol, HKa 36eperJiacn B ceJii illeBqenKoBe. ,UaJieKO Ille He BnBqeni Bci icTopnKo-apxiTeKTypHi MiCIIH CTapoBnHHOrO KpnJioca, Ha HKOMY KOJinCh CTOHJia CTOJinliH raJinllhKO-BoJinHChKOro

KHH3iBCTBa,

xoq

u;eif

BalKJinBnH

IIaM'HTHnK

icTopii

KYJihTypn

IlpnKaprraTTH )J,OCJii)J,lKY€ThCH IIOHa)J, CTO poKiB. IlionepOM i rrepiiiOBi)J,KpnBaqeM

CTapoBnHHOrO

raJinqa

6yB

CBHilleHnK

CeJia

3aJiyKBn

JleB

JlaBpeu;LKnii. Bin, HK u;e 3'ncyBaB nayKoBellh I. M. KoBaJIL, po3KorraB

19 KBiTHH 1882 poKy peiiiTKn u;epKBn Crraca Ta iniiinx xpaMiB. IIi3niIIIe p03KOIIyBaJin i )J,OCJii)J,MyBaJin KHHlKnH raJinq pH)J, raJinllhKnX apxeOJIOriB ChKnii,

rrpo<J>ecop 13n)J,op illapaneBnq, )J,OKTopn OJieKcan)J,p qoJioBtl:ocnrr

IleJieHChKnii, JleB qaqKoBChKnii, .HpocJiaB IIacTepnaK.

Bonn Bi)J,KpnJin He O)J,Hy Ta€MHnliiO CTOJihHOro lj>aJiy. AJie qn He HaH6iJihiii cencau;iilnnM 6yJio Bi)J,KpnTTH B 1937 pou;i apxeoJioroM .HpocJiaBoM

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

IIacTeprraKoM cJ>yrr)J,aMeHTY YcrrerrcLKoro co6opy, rro6y)J,oBarroro KHH3eM OcMOMHCJIOM. BHHBJieHO

Bcepe,ll,HHi rri)J, rri)J,Jiororo i3 aJie6acTpOBHX IIJIHT B co6opi

KaM'HHHH

capKoc)>ar

IIIHpOKO 3arOBOpHJIH. -

IIpH3HaBCH Jl.

CKeJieTOM

JIIO)J,HHH.

Ilpo

IlacTepHaK, -

u;eil

6pHJIH

capKoc)>ar.

6iJioro

po36HTHM,

KHHMiH )J,06i.

BeJIHKHH

BaiiHHKa,

BiKoM.

TO)J,i

IIIO Ha CaMOMY BCTyrri M0€1 llhOropiq-

HOI rrpau;i B IIOIIIHpeHiH MHHyJiopiqrriil COH)J,i, HaHIIIOB H OCh

u;e

,A IIIO Ille 6yJIO BeJIHKOIO HeCIIO)J,iBaHKOIO, TO Te,

Birr

THMKHH,

3 TaKHM TaKoro

TeCaHHH

THMKHM,

Tnrry,

HKi

O)J,Hi€1 KaM'nrrol

TpiiiiKH

BHIIYKJIHM,

3YCTpiqaiOThCH

30BCiM He OpHaMeHTOBaHHH

IIpH3HaqeHHH )J,JIH rry6Jiiqrroro BH)l,y.

IIOrJIHHhTe -

aJie

KnEBi,

6e3 HaiiHciB, 60 H He 6yB

HhOMY M TJiiHHi OCTaTKH, Ma6yTh,

KHH3H. Te IIeBHe, IIIO capKoc)>ar 6yB orpa6JieHHH, HeBi)J,OMO KOJIH, MOMJIHBO y XIII cToJiiTTi, B qaci TaTapchKHX rra"i3)J,iB; rra u;e BKa3y€ po36HTe BiKO capKoc)>ary H IIOp03KH)J,aHi KOCTi IIOKiHHHKa. ry,

TpiiiiKH

Bi)J,

HhOrO

KHHMHH a6o 6onpnrri,

CXi)J,,

HaHIIIJIHCH

niJIH llhOrO capKoc)>a-

TJiiHHi

OCTaHKH

rroxoporrerri B )J,epeB'nrriil )J,OMOBHHi,

MOJIO)J,OI

3 HKol rreMa

BMe CJii)l,y. qeperr lli€1 IIOKiHHHlli 3)J,06HJia 30JIOTOM raiiTOBaHa )J,ia)J,eMa; HOrO )J,06yB H B lliJIOCTi Ta rrepeBi3 )1,0 JlbBOBa". A

ocKiJihKH B KniBChKOMY JiiTorrnci 3arrncarro, IIIO .HpocJiaBa OcMo-

MHCJia

IIOXOpOHeHO

u;epKBi

noropO,ll,Hlli,

)J,OCJii)J,HHKH

BBaMaJIH,

IIIO u;e iloro ocTaHKH.

CaM apxeoJior .H.

IIacTeprraK rre rraBaMyBaBcn

u;Loro

Terrep

36epira€ThCH

CTBep,ll,MyBaTH.

capKoc)>ar

Kpa€3HaBqoMy My3el,

MeMopiaJibHa

HaiiHCOM:

IIJIHTa

Micu;i

o6JiacrroMy

3aXOpOHeHHH IIOCTaBJieHa IIaM'HTHa , TyT

6yB

IIOXOBaHHH

raJIHllhKHH

KHH3h .HpocJiaB OcMOMHCJI 1152-1187". KpHJIOChKe CKJia)J,eHHH

KHHMe

JI.

ropO,ll,Hille

Iloqnrraroqn 3 60-x poKiB, u;iBHHKiB

6yJIO )J,eTaJihHO

BHBqerre.

IlJiaH

6yB

qaqKOBChKHM.

Bi)J,)J,iJiy

apxeoJioril

apxeoJioriqrra eKcrre)J,HlliH rrayKoBHX rrpaIrrcTHTYTY

cycrriJihHHX

rrayK

YP C P

crriJihHO 3 crriBpo6iTrrnKaMH IBarro-<l>parrKiBchKoro o6Jiacrroro Kpa€3HaBqoro

My3eiO,

oqoJIIOBarra KaH)J,H)J,aToM icTopnqrrnx rrayK B.

rroqaJia IIIOpiqrri

po3KOIIKH

rra

KpHJIOChKiil

AyJiixoM,

ropi.

,I(peBHiH raJIHq qacTKOBO Bi,ll,KpHB CBOI Ta€MHHlli Harrepe)J,O)J,Hi CBHTKyBaHHH 6araTLox

1500-piqqg yqerrnx.

)J,aBHhOpyChKHX KOJihqyrn,

MHTeJI

6oiloBi

KH€Ba 1980 3

coKnpn,

(1982 pou;i

p.),

HKi

CTaJIH

apxeoJioraMH

6araTbMa

6yJio

rro6yTOBHMH

rorrqaprrnil

rrocy)J,,

o6'€KTOM BHHBJierro

peqaMH.

Kocn,

yBarH

ceprrn,

rr'nTh

yJiaMKH qepecJia,

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

HOltd, MiHoqi npHKpaCH (HaMHCTa, 6pacJieTH). BHHBJieHi KiCTKH MiHOK, HKi, HK BH)J,HO, 3ropiJIH B cnopy)J,i, MOlKJIHBO, ni)J, qac Hana)J,y MOHrOJIO-

TaTap.

raJIHIIhKO- BoJIHHChKOro JiiTonncy Bi)J,OMO,

rn:o

124 0 pou;i

xaH EaTnil nicJIH 3)J,o6yTTH CTOJihHoro rpa)J,y KneBa 3)J,o6yB BoJIO)J,HMHp Ha BoJIHHi ropo)J, Y

,B3HB iforo

raJinq,

CnHCOM i

BH6HB 6e3 norn:a)J,H, TaK CaMO

iHIIIHX ropo)J,iB 6araTo,

rn:o IM HeMa qncJia".

19 81 pou;i B KpHJIOCi B)J,aJIOCH BHHBHTH HOBi IIiHHi apxeoJioriqHi

3HaXi)J,KH.

nyJio

Melj>o)J,iH,

Bi)J,KpHTO

36y)J,oBaHoi

qacTHHY

lj>yH)J,aMeHTiB

B )J,aBHhopycLKHH

u;epKBH

nepio)J,.

1882 pou;i BHHBHB npolj>ecop 13H)J,Op illapaHeBnq, OCi)J,KOM

HKY

BiH

rn:e

BBalKaB

raJIHIIhKOI MHTponoJiil.

,UaJii

KpnJIOChKiil

ropi

KOMOpy peMiCHHKa-IOBeJiipa, nocy)J,y,

6pacJieTH,

14 0

noHa)J,

KnpHJia

qacTHHY II

MeTaJiiB. Bi)J,JIHTi BHCOKHH

3HapH)J,)J,H,

THreJihKiB

IIpH 3

3aJibHi

TOMY

6pOH3H, piBeHh

po3KonaHo

6pOH30Bi

cneu;iaJihHHX

BHHBJieHO a

cnpaB)J,i

yHiKaJILHi

peqi:

B HKiH 3HaXO)J,HJIHCh yJiaMKH roHqapHoro

peiiiTa

n'HTh 6yJIH

o6pa30TBopqoro

fy)J,3HKH,

nocy)J,HHOK

HeBeJIHqKHX 3

KaMeHIO.

)J,JIH

iKOH, U:e

nJiaBJieHHH 3

HKHX

3aCBi)J,qye

peMicHnqoro

MHCTeiiTBa

HHIITBa Ha raJIHIIhKiH Pyci B Xlf-Xill

3aCTi6KH

)J,Bi npo

Bnpo6-

CTOJiiTTi.

,1 HE EYTH COJII ITO BCIH PYCbKIH 3EMJII" 109 8 po-

aK 3anncaHo B KneBo- II eqepchKOMY naTepnKy ni)J,

KOM, KOJIH BHaCJii)J,OK KHH3iBChKHX MiMyco6HIIh He nocTynHJia ciJih

MOlKHa YHBHTH, piHHH,

KpaiO.

Ha111oro

u;Loro JiiTonncHoro noBi)J,OMJieHHH

HKOrO p03Mipy )J,OCHrJIO TO)J,i

npHKapnaTChKe

COJieBa-

KOJIH BOHO 3a6e3neqyBaJIO CB0€10 npO)J,YKIIi€10 BCIO Pych.

Cepe)], niB)J,eHH0-3aXi)J,HHX KHH3iBCTB X-Xill CT. raJIHIIhKa 3eMJIH, cepu;eBHHOIO HKOI 6yJio Hallie IIpnKapnaTTH, 6yJia CHJihHHM B eKoHoMiqHoMy po3BHTKY perioHoM, npo HKHH TaK 6araTo HanncaHo B JiiTonncax. raJIHIIhKa 3eMJIH

3aHMaJia

BaJia Ha niBHiqHoMy cxo)J,i 3axo)J,i ChKOI

II OJihJD: e10,

nOJIOCH

npOXO)J,HB

niBHiqHo-cxi)J,Hi

3 B OJIHHHIO i

niB)J,eHHOMY

KOp)J,OH

cncTeMi piK IIpyTy, ,UHicTpa if )J,HJia i )J,O

CXHJIH

KapnaT

KniBJD:HHOIO, 3axo)J,i

YropJD:HHOIO,

xpe6Ty a

MeMy-

Ha niBHiqHoMy

KapnaT-

IIiB)J,Hi

CepeTy npnKapnaTChKa 3eMJIH )J,oxo-

qopHoro Mopn, MeMyBaJia 3 BbaHTieiO.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

raJIHllhKHH JiiciB,

Kpail

piKH

IlpuKapnammR. -

6araTHH

,UnicTep,

IIOBnOBO)J,nHMH TBapnnnno;TBo,

6yJIO IIOIIIHpene ITO

na )J,apn

IlpyT

BHri)J,nHMH

)J,JIH

rrpnpO)J,H.

CBOIMH

6)J,.lKiJihnHliTBo,

rrepe6yBaiOqH

pou;i

raJinqi

JIOBax na 3y6piB.

riCTh

3a iloro

KnH3H

6yJio

6araTO

3aJIHIIIHJIHCh

KnH3H

MHCJIHBCTBO

Jiicax BO)J,HJIOCH 6araTO

KnH3h

6onpn. TaK,

An11,poniK

0CMOMHCJia,

6paB

KoMnnn, yqaCTh

Bi)J,oMo, rn:o KnH3h BoJIO)J,HMHpKo XO)J,HB na MHCJIHB-

114 4 poo;i i TO TaK )J,OBrO,

CTBO 3 i1,py.lKHnOIO B THCMenHllhKi JiiCH B rn:o

ceJIHnn, KnH3i i

Bi3anTiilchKHH

rrpnToKaMH

pn6oJIOBCTBO

BciH raJIHllhKiH 3eMJii.

1165

TyT

TOpriBJii.

3BipiB, na HKHX rroJIIOBaJio naceJiennn narrpHKJia)J,,

ToM

Bi)J,cyTnicTIO

raJIHllhKi

IBana PocTHCJiaBnqa i

KJiaCOBY CTPYKTYPY B

6onpn

3arrpocnJIH

3Bennropo)J,a

IIOCTaBHJIH na raJIHllhKHH rrpeCTOJI.

raJIHllhKOMY KnH3iBCTBi B CBOIH iepapxiqniil

ocnoBi CTanOBHJIH KnH3i, iJ,YXOBenCTBO, BOI, IIpHBiJieHOBani lj>eo)J,aJihni BepCTBH,

HKi

KOpinnHM

CHraJIH

IIJieMinnHX

IIpHKaprraTChKHX

COI03iB.

KnH3i, 6oHpH Ta o;epKBa BOJIO)J,iJIH BeJIHKHMH 3eMeJihnHMH IIOCiJIOCTHMH, HKi IIOCTiifno 3pOCTaJIH. IlpoTe OC06JIHBiCTIO lj>eo)J,aJihnHX Bi)J,nOCHn na IIpnKaprraTTi B XI-XIII

cToJiiTTHX

6yJio Te,

rn:o

pi3Ko BH)J,iJIHJiacn

CBOIMH eKonoMiqnnMH i rroJiiTnqnnMH BIIJIHBaMH BeJIHKa 6onpcLKa 3naTh, II JiiTorrncu;i

rro-pi3noMy

naiiMenoByiOTh

,cTapnMn", ,MoJIO)J,HMn" B eKonoMiqnoMy rrJiani, a B rroJiiTnqnoMy 3a IX Mi.lKyco6ny 6opOTh6y IIpHMO na3HBaiOTh Eonpn

30Cepe)J,HTH

u;i B

cBoro po11,y CBOIX

pyKaX

qacTKOBO

OTpHMaJIH

rpa)J,aMH

KoJIOMH€10,

CnnTnnoM, u;ero,

Bi)J,

,KnH3HTa" BeJIHKi

KnH3H

,na

,KpaMOJihnHMH", -

BCTHrJIH

BOTqnnni

,neqecnHMH".

na XIII

BOJIO)J,innH,

KOpMJiinnH",

cToJiiTTH HKi

BOnH

,)J,ep.lKannH"

TncMenn-

0Tnniero,

Tny-

MaqeM. Bonn BeJIHKe

narpoMa)J,HJIH Manno,

TBOpHJIHCH po)J,y KiB"

MaJIHX i

rrepeCBOrO

,KnH3h-

3)J,06yJIH BeJIH-

KY IIOJiiTnqny CHJIY Ta BCiJIHKO

IIpOTHCTaB-

JIHJIH ce6e KnH3iBChKiH

OpaHKa

COX0/0.

3 iJaBHbOpyCbKOf MiHiamJOpU

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

BJia)J,i, rrepeiiiKO)J,lKaJIH rrpou;ecy u;eHTpaJii3au;il KHH3iBChKOI BJia)J,H i MH

CIIOCTepiraeMO

.HpocJiaB

IIpH

OcMOMHCJI,

TaKHX

,UaHHJIO

raJIHllhKO- BoJIHHChKOro ,UaHHJia KHH3eM MolKHa

CHJihHHX

raJIHllhKHiL

IIHCaB

YHBHTH,

12 4 0

co6i Ha3HBaJIH,

co6i

KHH3HX,

HKOrO

CaMi

BJiyqno

pou;i:

aBTOp

"Eonpn

na MaJIL,

IIpHrniqeHHH

JiiTorrnceu;h

a B3HTHH I, JJCe XJinC'h OT PYKY

JiiTorrncy raJIHllhKi

)I{

BCIO 3eMJIIO )J,eplKaJIH". Bi)J,

IIHX

6oHp TeprriJIH lj>eo)J,aJihHO 3aJielKHi CeJIHHH-CMep)J,H, rrpo HKHX,

u;e

BoJIO)J,HMHpKO,

CaMOBJia)J,HHX

3aKyiiH,

XOJIOIIH,

rrniiie.

aKo MLJI, u co'bTeJI'h HoocH. II ceMy"

qiO)J,eCH (biBIIIy, IIpOCJIY TaKOBbl» MY)!{ BCIO)J,y, H MHOrbi npeKOpMHB'h aJI'hqBMa**, u Mnorbtbt'h ua HOJI3Y 6no'h. Br)J,B ConTonoJIK». C'h LJ:aouJioM paTh JaqacTa" H npo IJaCHJibKOBY CJITJIMTy, elJCe ru:_._it_._un CHJITOHOJIK'h, IIOCJIYIIIliB'h LJ:aBH)J,ll llropeouqu, c ll,o)J,o.rnpeM-* u caMHM BacaJibt.oM, u no uyeTrnna rocTeii B3 faJiuqa, HH JIOiJ,lH (172 OT' IJepeMHIIIJill. H He 6btCBM COJIH B'h BeCH 1 PyCKOH JeMJin'*. Concoaa ueyupaoJicula' 6nTa , K ceMy )J{e u rpa6Jierna 6e3aKouuaa', liXOaM u npopoK* pcqe: ,euT.)J,atorna JIIO)J,H cooa B'h xJI16a

6.1

MT.CTO.

rocnoiJu ue npn3Barna".

YpueoK MiJJCyco6UU,b BoJtoiJap5l

II 61. BHJIT/m TOr)J,a cyiQaa JIIO)J,H Bb IIJIII*

,Kueeo-IlelfepcbKOi!O KUfBCbKOi!O

6yJto

KH5l35l

npunuHeHo

namepuKa

npo

npuei3

coJti

me,

U{O

npaeume!l5l

flponO!lKa

niiJ

lfac

Fa!lUU,bKOf Ha

IIpuKapnammR

3eMJti

Kui"BU{UHy.

IlepiiiO)J,lKepeJia CBi)J,qaTh, IIIO CeJIHHH raJIHllhKOI 3eMJii B OCHOBHOMY JaiiMaJIHCH ciJihChKHM rocrro)J,apcTBOM. Illax,

HKi

rpyHTyBaJIHCh

cyci)J,ChKHX

Bonn MHJIH B cuolx )J,Bopni

TepHTOpiaJihHHX

3B'H3KaX,

CIIiJihHO BOJIO)J,iJIH i KOpHCTyBaJIHCH JiiCaMH, IIaCOBHillaMH, T. 3B. TOJIOKaMH.

KiJILKa ciJihChKHX

o61IIHH o6'e)J,nyuaJIHCH

BOJiocTi.

CiJihChKi

061IIHHH )J,iJIHJIHCH Ha )J,BOPHilla, B OCHOBi HKHX JielKaJIH BeJIHKi ciMeHHi pO)J,HHH.

U:e

6yJIO THIIOBHM )J,JIH TOrO

qacy.

Ilo)J,eKy)J,H i3 3eMJiepo6CTBa rroqaJIH BH)J,iJIHTHCH ciJihChKi IIpOMHCJIH 60H)J,apCTBO, 6)J,MiJihHHIITBO, pH60JIOBCTBO, KOBaJihCTBO, HKi o6cJiyroByBaJIH lliiO B

He JIHIIIe

raJinqi,

ciJihChKi

CnHTHHi,

061IIHHH,

KoJIOMHI'

aJie

36yBaJIH

CBOIO rrpo)J,yK-

TncMeHHlli TO III 0.

CoJieuapne unpo6nnu;TBO na IIpnKaprraTTi cnrae rrepuicnoo61IIHHnoro Jia)J,y,

a Toqniiiie

rrepeKonyiOTh, KepaMiKn, epn.

IIIO

To6To

apxeoJiorn

uapHJIH Kinu;n

III

ciJih

yMe

K. B

rroqaTKY

I. Ko3aK

KYJILTypn

IIInypouol

CueiiiniKoB rrepio)J,

TncnqoJiiTTH

)J,O

naiiiol

ImocmpoeaHa IIeprny

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

IIHChMOBY

3ra)J,Ky

ToM

rrpo

TOpriBJIIO

ciJIJIIO

3YCTpiqaeMo y

KneBo-IIeqepchKOMY rraTepnKy rri)J,

3aiiHCaHO,

qac

CBHTOIIOJIKOM

Mi.lKyco6HOI 6opOTh6H

raJIHIIhKHM

BoJio)J,apeM

IIpnKaprraTTi

1098 poKoM. TaM

Mi.lK KHIBChKHM

rrycTorna

KHH3eM

rocTeil

raJinqa HH JIO)J,HH OT II epeMhiiiiJIH H He 6biCTh CO Jill BO Been PychKOH 3eMJIH".

13 IIpnKaprraTTH TpaHcrropTyBaJIOCh 6araTo coJii, KOJIH B IrraTiiB1164 pOKOM 3aiiHCaHO, mO IIi)], qac IIOBeHi Ha

ChKOMY JiiTOIIHCi IIi)],

,UHiCTpi IIOTOHYJIO 6iJIH

raJinqa Ha BHKOBOMY IIOJii

u;iB, HKi Be3JIH ciJih i3 LK.n)J,aqeBa . .lKe

JiiTO

6biJia

BHe3aiiHY, 6oJIOHh€

BeJIHKa

IIpo u;e B

qnTaeMo B JiiTorrnci:

raJinqn...

YMHO.lKHBIIIHCH

,To

)J,O.lK)J,IO

B O)J,HH )J,eHh H B HOIIIh IIOH)J,e BO)J,a H3 ,UHiCTpa BeJIHKa B n

B3H)J,e

OJIH

)J,O

BnKoBoro

6oJioTa,

rroTorrn

qeJioBeK

300 H.lKe 6nxy rroiiiJIH c coJieiO H3 YiJ,eqa".

6oJiee B

IIOBO)J,h

300 COJieToprOB-

1241 pOKOM H)J,e MOBa, mo

raJIHIIhKO-BOJIHHChKOMY JiiTorrnci rri)J,

B cepe)J,HHi XIII CTOJiiTTH, B rrepio)J, KHH310BaHHH ,UaHHJia raJIHIIhKOro, 3HaqHe

Micu;e

eKOHOMiu;i

IIpHKaprraTTH

CTaHOBHJia

KOJIOMHHChKa

ciJIL, HKY B CBOIX iHTepecax eKcrrJiyaTyBaJIH BeJIHKi 6onpn, i, 30KpeMa, ,Uo6pocJiaB.

THM

qacoM

KHH3eM Ha yTpHMaHHH nyJIH

COJieBapHi

IIH

KOJIOMHHChKa

,opy.lKHHKiB",

ciJih

6yJia

IIiiiiOI i1,py.lKHHH

B 6araThOX MiCIIHX

KociBmHHH

rrpH3HaqeHa

KHH3H ,UaHHJia. i

KoJIOMHHmHHH:

MaJia KaM'HHKa, IBaHiBu;i, Ca)J,.lKaBKa, JlaHqnH, KpacHa, JioeBa, ,UiJIHTHH,

niJii

qopHi

OcJiaBH,

JiroqKa,

EaHH

Eepe3iB,

AKpernopn,

KocMaq, KHH.lK)J,Bip, EaHH, IIeqeHi.lKHH, MoJIO)J,HTHH, MapKiBKa, PyHrypn,

KJiroqiB,

KociB,

KyTn.

YToporrax, B

MnrnnH,

HaHCTapirnoMy

13 6 7

pou;i,

B.lKe

IIoJILmero, KopoJih COJieBapHIO

coJieBapHHMH Micu;nx

.H6JiyHiB,

Cepe)], HHX O)J,Hiew

rricJIH

Ka3HMHp

YToporrax, B

ceJii

ceJiax

KoJioMnilmHHH

YToporrn,

IIicTHHh,

ryu;yJihmHHi.

3aXOIIJieHHH

raJinqnHH

IIIJIHXeTChKOIO

III Ha)J,aB BaxHy TerrTyxy 3 TncMeHnu;i IIOTiM

KJiroqeBi, i

CTorrqaTiB,

3 Haii)J,aBHirnnx 6yJia coJieBapHH B

HoBHIIi.

IIncTHHi,

3rO)J,OM

CTorrqaToBi

BiH

OBOJIO)J,iB

Ta B

iHrnnx

KociBmHHH.

To)J,i 6yJia 3aKJia)J,eHa OCHOBa TeXHiKH COJie)J,o6yBaHHH, clj>opMyBaJiaCh TexHiqHa TepMiHoJiorin. AiJ,.lKe B 3ra)J,aHoMy KneBo- II eqepchKOMY rraTepnKy

Ha)J,H6yeMO

3ra)J,Ky

rrpo

,rOJIOBH.lKHIO

eKCIIOpTyBaJiaCh 3 raJinqa B KHIB. Ha TOIIKY,

lj>opMy,

HKiH

ciJih

rri3HiiiiHX CTOJiiTTHX II 3aMiHHJIH

HKa IIi)], TaKOIO Ha3BOIO )J,iHIIIJia )1,0

XX CTOJiiTTH.

BoJtoiJuMup 3a

JiiTOIIHCHHMH

KiHu;i

XIII

raJIHIIhKY Jlnrne cn

3eMJIIO.

iHIIIi

KaMH

CHra€

qepry,

y)J,iJIH,

Ilo-)J,pyre,

ciJih

MaJIL,

Bi)J,

poKy

3rO)J,OM Ha3BH

3ra)J,KY

rpa)J,a

KoJIOMHI,

3HaqHa IIIO

rpyrra

KYIIIIi,

qepe3

HKi

6oJIOTa,

(KoJieca) )J,OBO)J,HJIH, Bi)J,

qoro

T06To

IIIO

illapaHeBnqa,

yropcLKi

BqeHi

3aiiOBHeHOI

BO)J,OIO

crrnpawqnch

IlpyTOM,

IIOTiM u;Loro

Ha)J, rrirnJia

CTOHJIO

Ha3HBaJiocn

)J,icTaJia

M0€10

BHrHaHHH Bi)J,

)J,Op03i. KOHCTaTyBaJia,

,UenKi 6iJIH

rroTiM

Ha3BY

IlpyT.

BH-

IHrni

JI6JiyHeBa,

"xoJIMi"

KHH3iB-

rroca)J,HJIH

6yB

MiJIKOBO)J,)J,i,

CBOIO

CJIOB'HHH

rrepeKa3n,

XoJIOMHH,

KoJIOMHI rrpoTiKa€

)J,aBHHHY

pou;i

Ha3Ba IIOXO)J,HTh

KoJIOMHH.

y3rip'I

crroqaTKY

KoJIOMHH

6iJIH B

Ha3Ba

6onpaMH

HKHH

3a60JIOTOBa

MicTaMn.

1241

3arap6HHKH

IIIO

3YCTpiqa€MO B

BH60IHH

MiM

rroceJieHHH.

CTiJI,

TBep)J,HTh,

MiCTO

HK Bi)J,oMo,

IHIIIi

icTopnKiB,

HaiiBipori)J,Hirne, AJie,

HKoro

KHH3iBChKHH

JieMaJio

Ha)J,)J,yHaHChKi

Ileprni )J,OCJii)J,HHKH

03Haqa€

HarrpaBJIHJIHCH

Bi)J,

BOHO

KoJioMnl. mo

rrep-

ryu;yJihiiiHHH.

TOqHiiiie

,KOJIOMHHChKOI COJii"

,KoJioHin",

qepe3 HKHH TpaHc-

KoJIOMHIO

rreqaT-

3Haxo)J,HJIHCH

u;eHTpiB

rrpo

rri3Ho,

rroxo)J,MeHHH

raJinqa.

o6MiHy

3)J,aBHa HK u;eHTp,

IIHChMOBY

raJIHIIhKHH

Ilpo

ropO)J,Hma

BOHO

IIO€)J,HyBaB

raJIHIIhKHMH,

JiiTOIIHCi

CBOIMH

IIOHCHIO€ThCH,

ToproBeJihHOMY

rreprny

HKHH

COJieBapHHX

pHMChKoro

BoHo

Ilo-rreprne,

rOJIOBHHX

rrpo6JieMa

IIpn)J,yHaB'l.

CTapOCJIOB'HHChKOrO

IIIJIHXy",

KoJioMaHa-KopoJieBnqa,

1215

IlpyToM.

rpa)J,-MiCTO.

3aJIHIIIaJiacn

)J,BOpOM.

Ha)J,

ChKHM

crrpnnJio

BHKOpHCTaHHH Ili€I M

BO)J,HJIH

MicTo

yMoBaMn.

HarO)J,H

qepe-

EepJia)J,h

Bi)J,OMO.

BHpOCJIO

raJIHIIhKO-BOJIHHChKOMY

U:iKaBa

niJiropo)J,,

MiCT?

u;eHTpaJihHHMH u;e

KoJIOMHH

rropTyBaJiach Ha

THX

3ra)J,y€Th-

ropO)J,OK Ha

BiKiB,

3 A

IloHH33i,

rrepeJiiKy.

cToJiiTTH

ToBMaq,

Hiqoro

Ha3B

,BOJIOChKOMY

BOJIOCTi

IIOBHOro

HoBe ceJio, ,UnqnH B

eKoHoMiqHHMH

IIpnKaprraTTi.

XII-Xill

KHH3iBCTBi

HHX rrpnrra)J,aJia Ha

IXHhOro

KoJIOMHH, Ha

KnJiiH,

rrepeTBOpHJIOCH

CTapOBHHHOMY

He )J,aB

EaKOTa

KoJIOMHIO,

BrJIH6

IIOCTYIIOBO IIIY

JiiTOIIHCiB

IloJIOBHHa

rro)J,iHMH

TncMeHHIIH,

(raJiau;),

xoq

raJIHIIhKO-BOJIHHChKOMY MicT.

icTopnqHHMH

IIOXO)J,MeHHH

B3HTH

JiiTorrnceu;h

IIpnKaprraTTi,

raJinq

HaM

JIKe

CHHTHH,

MaJIHH

AJie

3B'H3KY

raJinq,

MOIIIi

3BiCTKaMH

cToJiiTTH icHyBaJio

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

Bi)J,

IXaJIH

MHJIH

KOJia

)J,OCJii)J,HHKH piKH

Mnn,

KoJIOMHH. iMeHi

piKH.

3a )J,aHHMH rrpoc)>ecopa

Ha3HBaJIH

KOMHY

piKy,

ImocmpoeaHa TOMY

icmopi5l

qncJii i

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

Bnxo)J,nqn 3 o;Loro, )J,OCJii)J,nHK 10.

IlpyT.

KpyrJIHK

CTBep)J,.lKye, IIIO IlpyT B )J,aBnHny MaB naifMenyBannH MHH, HKe ni6HTO 6yJIO CHnoniMOM CJIOBa piqKa, na3HBaJIH Bi)J,OMO

TaKO.lK,

rroTiqoK,

IIIO

CBOIO

Mnl,

TepHTOpil

na3BY

HKHH

rrpoTiKaB

MHnyJioMy

IIpOTiKaB

BIIa)J,aB

IlpyT,

MiCTO

MOrJIO

1158 pOKOM, B JiiTOIIHCi 3ra)J,y€ThCH MiCTO CnHTHH.

BHBO)J,HTh

)J,Bopi .HpocJiaBa

MiCTa

cJii)J,H HKoro crrocTepiraJIH )J,one)J,aBna.

na3By.

III,e panirne, IIi)],

THnTnna

na3HBaBcH Mnn,

Bi)J, llhOrO IIOTiqKa, OTpHMaTH

fl oro

a MiCTO, IIIO CTOHJIO na 6epe3i

KoJIOMH€10.

)J,OCJii)J,nHKH

OcMOMHCJia

CipocJiaBnqa,

HKHH

Bi)J,

BiHChKOBOrO

BJiacnnKa

CTapiiiHnH

6onpnna o;Loro rpa11,y

iMenyBaBcH

Toil

qac

IIpH Koc-

KonHTHn.

Inrni

Bqeni IIOHCniOIOTh na3BY MiCTa Bi)J, CJIOBa ,niT", T06TO peMeCJia KapeTnHKa qn pi3b6Hpa. U:e MiCTO TaKO.lK Jie.lKaJIO na BHri)J,nOMY TOproBeJihnoMy

IIIJIHXY Ta

llhOMY

JiiTorrnci

BHnHKJIO

.lK

3 KOJIHIIInhoro

cTapoBnnnoMy

CJIOB 'HnChKOrO

IIIJIHXY

3ra)J,yeThCH

ropO)J,Hilla. IrraTiiBChKOMY

1144 poKoM MicTo TncM'nnnu;n, cLoro)J,ni TncMennu;n.

rri11,

Bono BHnHKJIO i3 cJioB'nncLKoro ropo)J,Hilla i BaJio 3naqny eKonoMiqny pOJih

p03BHTKY

XII-Xill cT. Bi)J,irpa-

raJIHllhKOI 3eMJii.

Ha3BY

TncMennu;i BHBO)J,HTh Bi)J, 11,epeBa THey a6o Bi)J, ri11,poniMa Tnca. JiiTorrnceo;h BIIeprne 3ra)J,y€ MiCTO y 3B'H3KY 3 IIOJIIOBannHM B IIHX OKOJIHIIHX KnH3H B

TOMY .lK IrraTiiBChKOMY JiiTorrnci rri11,

O)J,Hn ,IIIO

BoJIO)J,HMHpKa.

rpa11, TYT

neCJIH

TJiyMaq,

6iJIH

MHTny

CJiy.lK6y

JiiTorrncnnil

rraTTH. y

Toqnirne,

TOprOBOrO

MaJIO 6n IIOCeJiennH B

IIIJIHXY 6yJIH

CJiyrn, Bi)J,

HKi qoro

inrni

naceJieni

rrynKTH

IIpnKap-

Hepo3ra)J,annil i )J,OCi ropO)J,OK na qepeMorni, IIIO 3ra)J,y€ThCH B

IrraTiiBChKOMY H)J,e

IIi)], HKHM Tpe6a 6aqHTH 0THniiO.

B IIHChMOBHX 3ra)J,KaX IIi)], ,OTHn" o11,no

KnH3iBChKi

CBOIO na3By".

cnraiOTh

BocKpecinchKOMY JiiTorrnci,

nnn,

Hapo11, 36epir rrepeKa3,

IIOCeJIHJIHCH

rrepeKJia)J,aqaMH-TOBMaqaMH,

OTpHMaTH

rrepio11,

1213 poKoM 3ra)J,yeThCH me

ToBMaq.

T06TO Mico;eBnx

1144 pOKOM i MaJia 6 IIOXO)J,HTH Bi)J, CJIOBa

neBeJIHKHH ypoqnm

3aMOK,

na3HBaiOTh

Bi)J,rOMin CJIOB'HnChKOrO ropO)J,Hilla. rroceJIHTHCH Tpn 6paTn, pnnmnnn,

cTaprnoro

MOBa rrpo BoTh-

0cTannH 3ra)J,y€ThCH BIIeprne

OToqenHH ,3a

BaJiaMH,

BaJiaMn".

IIIO u;e

3a iniiiHMH Jieren)J,aMH, TYT MaJIH

HKi rrepe11, KoqoBHKaMH rrpn6yJIH 6paTa 3BaJIH

qepe3

M O.lKJIHBO,

0Tnn.

3 Ha)J,)J,nirr-

BoJtoiJuMup

rrepio)J,

raJIHllhKOro

BCTaHOBHTH rropH)J,OK y KaJiiyca".

,KaJIHIII", ,KaJI",

3ra)J,y€ThCH

KaJiyiii-MiCTO.

124 2 poKoM 3arrncarro: ,,UarrnJio THM qacoM, rrparrryqn

JiiTorrnci rri)J,

KOTH

KHH3iBCTBa

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

IIIO

(raJIHllhKiii)

H a3BY

03Haqae

mo o3rraqae

KaJiyrn

Ta6ip,

3eMJii,

rrolxaB )J,O

BHBO)J,HTh

CTOHHKa,

Bi)J,

iHIIIi

(ropo)J,iB)

Ta TapcLKoro IIOHCHIOIOTh

Ea-

cJioBa CJIOBOM

qoprrnil.

IJ)KaBOIO i CTapOBHHHOIO 6yJia Ha3Ba B )J,aBHHHY CeJIHma MiChKOrO THIIY LKoBTeHh -

qernn6icn,

HKY rroB'H3YIOTh

3 iMerreM 6icnrrn, HK rra3HBaJIH

TO)J,i rreqerririB. Ma6yTh i KociB 6epe CBOI rroqaTKH 3

CT., i KrrmK)J,Bip

rra KoJIOMHilmnrri, )J,e 3apa3 me rrpocTeMyiOThCH cTapoBHHHi BaJIH. 3a rrepeKa3aMH CTapOlKHJiiB TaM 6yB )J,Bip ,I(aHHJia raJIHllhKOrO. ,I(o peqi,

TYT

3HaXO)J,HThCH

ChOrO)J,Hi

yHiKaJihHHH

IIpHpO)J,HHH

3aiiOBi)J,HHK

THCOBOrO Jiicy. B qaTh

IIpnKaprraTChKHX rpa)J,ax-MicTax Xll-XIII apxeoJioriqrri

p03KOIIKH,

BHCOKOrO

cT.,

HK rrpo u;e

piBHH )J,OCHrJIH

pi3Hi

cBi)J,-

peMeC-

Jia: rorrqaprre, 3aJii3oo6po6rre, KOBaJihChKe, IOBeJiiprre, o6po6Ka )J,HicTpOBChKoro MaHCTpH

KaMeHIO,

ITO

6y)J,iBeJibHe,

po36y)J,OBi

3oKpeMa,

MiCT

pi3HOMaHiTHi

HKOMY

rrpau;IOBaJIH

crreu;iaJihHi

"ropO)J,OBHKH".

crreu;iaJihHOCTi

MaHCTpiB

peMiCHHIITBa

Ha3HBaiOThCH B raJIHllhKO- BoJIHHChKOMY JiiTorrnci,

KOJIH p03IIOBi)J,a-

€ThCH

)J,eHh

rrpo

IOHaKH,

HOB036y)J,OBaHHH MaHCTpH

JiyqrrnKn,

BCHKi

XoJIM:

yTiKaJIH

caraii)J,aqrrnKn,

HaCTaJIO IIOlKBaBJieHHH, )J,a rroJie i

ceJia"

,IIIIJIH

( CIO)J,H)

KOBaJii

BOHH 0)1,

)J,eHh.

Ta Tap -Ci)J,eJihHHKH,

3aJii3a,

Mi)J,i

cpi6Jia.

HaiiOBHHJIH BOHH )J,BOpaMH HaBKOJIO ropo-

IIpaB)J,OIIO)J,i6rro, mo 6araTo lx MorJio rrpniiTH 3

IIpnKaprraTTH. llpo

BHCOKHH

MaTepiaJIH )J,erro

piBeHh

pi3rroMarriTrry

r JieqHKH,

peMeCJia

MHCKH,

rrpo)J,yKu;iro. qeprraKH,

CTapOBHHHOMY

pH, HOMi, IIpHlKKH, IIBHXH, TyT Bi)J,KpHTO u;iJii IIpHBepHyJia

BncoKoro

CHHTHHi,

raJinqi

CBi)J,qaTh

qac HKHX 3Hail-

Bnpo6n

CBiTHJihHHKH),

3aJii3Hi KOCH,

(roprnKn, KOBaJihChKi

IIi)J,KOBH, IIIIIO-

OKYTTH JIOIIaT).

MaHCTeprri,

cepe)], HHX Haii6iJihiiiY

peMiCHHKa-IOBeJiipa.

piBHH )J,OCHrJia TopriBJIH

BHyTpiiiiHiX pHHKaX y BeJIHKHX i THCMeHHlli,

rri)J,

rorrqaprri

CTpiJIH,

ceprrH,

peMicrrnqi

KOMOpa

U:e

CKOBOpi)J,KH,

(60HOBi COKHpH, HaKOHeqHHKH,

yBary

apxeoJioriqrrnx po3KOIIOK B KpnJioci,

BHyTpirnrrn

30BHiiiiHH.

MaJIHX MiCTaX, 30KpeMa B KoJIOMHI,

raJinqi, MOlKHa 6yJIO 3YCTpiTH TOBapH Micu;eBO-

ImocmpoeaHa ro

icmopi5l

raTyHKY

M'Hco,

IlpuKapnammR.

3aBi3Hi

3-3a KOp)J,oHy.

ToM

Ha pHHKax 36yBaJIH xJii6,

ciJIL,

36i.lK.lKH Ta iHIIIY ciJihChKOrOCIIO)J,apChKY IIpO)J,YKIJjiO.

RK CBi)J,qaTh JiiTOIIHCHi 3ra)J,KH Ta apxeoJioriqHi p03KOIIKH, Ka 3eMJIH

CTaJia

O)J,HHM

3 rOJIOBHHX

IleHTpiB

raJIHIIh-

€BpOIIeHChKOI TOpriBJii.

IIpnKaprraTChKHX KYIIIIiB 3HaJIH He JIHIIIe B 6araTLox rpa)J,ax Pyci, aJie B pH)J,i MiCT €BpOIIH: ,UocJii)J,HHKH OCHOBHOMY pn6y,

BCTaHOBHJIH,

BHB03HJIH

BiCK,

CYKHa,

B noJirapil,

XyTpa,

yropChKHX

IIIO

peMiCHHqi

IIpnKaprraTTH

BHp06H,

3aB03HJIH

KOHen,

IIoJihiiii, HiMeqqnHi,

3 6p010

IIIOBK,

rrpo6JieMa,

BoJIOChKHH

IIIJIHX

XI-XIII

XJii6,

30JIOTi

BCHKi

BHp06H.

TaK 3BaHHH

i1,pyrHH

raJinqa

rrpnMyBaB Ha ,UoJIHHY, CTpHii i ,Uporo6nq, B HarrpnMi KpaKoBa. ii

pi3Hi

IIIJIHXH,

HKHMH

B03HJIH

ciJih B )J,aJieKi

Me)J,,

HKa MaJIO BHBqeHa B

rrepiiiHH -

rriB)J,eHh,

cT.

ciJih,

III OJIOMH),

cpi6Hi

)J,.lKepeJiax 3ra)J,yeThCH )J,Ba IIIJIHXH:

CTapOBHHHHH

TaKO.lK

(JiaTHHChKi

IIpHHOIIIi,

CTapOBHHHi IIIJIHXH IIpHKaprraTTH icTopil.

Bi3aHTil.

By JIH

3eMJii Pyci.

BOJIOJJ:llMllPKO OE'€JJ:HYBA1J r AJillQbKOI 3EMJII IE>> /£I

•I

K MH 3a3HaqnJIH, crra)J,IIIHHY Tphox cJiaBHHX PocTHCJiaBnqiB ycrra)J,KyBaB CHH

BoJio)J,apn

BoJIO)J,HMHp,

BoJIO)J,HMHpKo.

U:e

a6o,

cTaJiocn

rricJIH

noro

JiiTorrnce~:~L,

Ha3HBae

cMepTi

1141

po~:~i

ocJiirrJieHoro KHH3H BacHJihKa IBaHa, HKHH )J,O Toro qacy KHH3IOBaB (

CHHa

1124-

1141 pp.) y raJIHqi. To)J,i )1,0

BoJIO)J,HMHpKo 3i

raJIHqa

o6'e)J,HaB

IIepeMHIIIJihChKe raJinqi.

II p 0

JiiTorrnci rri)J, ,Choro

IIIO

cBoro

yci

3BeHnropo)J,ChKoro MicTeqKa rrpn6yB

p03110pOIIIeHi

raJIHIIhKe icTopnqHy

O)J,He

rro)J,iiO

TaK

y)J,iJIH

3BeHHrOpO)J,ChKe,

KHH3iBCTBO HarrncaHo

3 B

CTOJIHIIeiO

KniBChKOMY

114 1 poKoM:

.lKe

poKy

rrpe)J,CTaBHBCH

(ropo)J,i)

raJinqi

BacHJihKOBHq

IBaH i B3HB BOJIOCTh noro BoJIO)J,HMHpKo BoJio)J,apeBnq. BiH ciB B o6ox BOJIOCTHX

(raJIHIIhKiH

II epeMHIIIJihChKiH),

U:e MaJIO 1103HTHBHe 3HaqeHHH He JIHIIIe

KHH31010qH B raJIHqi". B IleHTpaJii3allii' raJIHIIhKOrO

KHH3iBCTBa, aJie rri)J,HOCHJIO noro MoryTHiCTh B IIiB)J,eHHo-3axi)J,Hiii Pyci, CllpHHJIO eKOHOMiqHoMy i IIOJiiTHqHoMy rri)J,HeCeHHIO, CTpHMyBaJIO 3arap6HHI1hKi arreTHTH cyci)J,Hix <J>eo)J,aJihHHX )J,ep.lKaB IIoJILIIIi ii YropiiiHHH. BoJIO)J,HMHp

BoJtoiJuMup

BoJio)J,apeBnq KOIO

6yB

eHepri€10

raJIHllhKOrO CKOpO

JIIO)J,HHOIO

BiH

BoJIO)J,HMHpKo, 6onp,

3YMiB

TaK

cJiyXHHHi.

)J,OM.

He)J,apMa

u;i

cJiaBy, i

CHHa

6onpn

6aThKO HOrO

rOTOBi

IIpoTe

u;i

rroqaB

rrpnqnHH

6opoTHCH

crriTKaJio

iloro

HaMaraBcH y)J,iJihHi

KHH3iBCTBa,

rrnceu;h KHM TaK

TiJihKH

lKHHH.

THM

KHH3h

OTOqHB

IIIO

cTaJiocn

iloMy

IBaH

TaK.

lKHTeJii

CTOJihHHH

rrpeTeH)J,eH-

BiH

Bnrrpo6yBaHHH

CTOJihHoro

HKHH

rpa)J,a

iHrni

BceBOJIO)J,

MilK

KHIBChKHM

6yB cpi6Jia.

BHCJiaJIH CH)J,iB

raJIHllh-

o6cTaBHHH

)J,HBHO,

BoJIO)J,HMHpKo

rro-

JiiTo-

,rroKJIOHHTncn"

BceBOJIO)J,OM, HK

AJie

rpnBeHh

3axo-

rrirnoB

<J>opTe£110.

3MyrneHnil

BceBoJio)J,a

To)J,i

THCMeHH£110 i

yrop-

0JILroBnqa,

IIOCBapHJIHCH".

pa30M,

BiH

rrpec-

BHIXaB

riHu;iB

)1,0

HHM

CaMHX

ciqHi

qacTHHOIO

CBO€MY

Ha)J,

6oKy

1145

CBO€I i1,pyKHH3H

y)J,iJii

IBaHa

IIOIIpO-

TpOH.

PocTHCJiaBnq

Bi)J,oMo

)J,e

BHHBHB-

arpecii

I I eprn e

3BeHnropo)J,ChKY

raJinqa

llhOMY

HHM"

PocTHCJiaBnqa.

BceBoJio)J,a

KneBy.

rroKiHqnB

3BeHHrOpO)J,,

.Hpo-

BoJIO)J,HMHPKY,

BJia)J,H.

u;iei crrpo6n

1400

KHH3H

BOHH

KneBa,

IBaHa

cyrrepeqKn

KHH3h

cnHy

rrepio-

raJIHllhKe.

,BOHH

QHM

IIOJIIOBaHHH

qacoM

BoJIO)J,HMHpKo

He6e3IIeKa.

raJIHllhKHH

cTaJio

u;iei

pou;i,

crrJiaTHTH

TpHBaJie

PoCTHCJiaBnqa

qncJii

oToqnB

BoJIO)J,HMHpKo

HOBa

raJinqaH. poKy

CHJIH

CKJiaJincn,

KOpHJIHCH

Ha raJIHllhKOMY

rpa)J,a

KniBChKoro

rrpoTH

rrpnqnHH

114 4

BceBoJio)J,oBi

BHCTYIIHB

KHH3i

BeJIHKHX

iHIIIHM

CaMe

KJIOIIOTH

KHH3H

(,rroKJIOHHTncn")

rroHCHIO€

HaBHCJia

TOMY

TpHBaJia 6opOTb6a 3

cBoei

HaBKOJio

BoJIO)J,HMHpKa

KHH3HMH

co6010.

HaMicHHKa

KHIBChKoro

BeJIH-

iHIIIi

HOMY

3aHBJIHTH

iloro KHH310BaHHH

yTpnMaHHH

IIIO

raJIHllhKHX

BOHH

JII06HB,

3Miu;HeHHH

y)J,iJiiB.

rropiBHHHHi

CTOJihHoro

iloro

Te, IX

BoJIO)J,HMHpKa.

crrpnqnHHJIH

o6'e)J,HaTH

rri)J,KOpHTHCH

XO)J,OM

qepe3

BoJIO)J,HMHpKo TiB

i, IIIO HaHrOJIOBHiiiie, TpoH

IIIO

3rO)J,OM

rrpaBJiiHHH

o6'e)J,HaHHH

CIIpHHJIO

ce6e,

IIOlKepTByBaTH

XHCT

HaBHCJia

raJIHllhKHH

Bci

)1,0

,KopMHB

HeJierKHM BHHBHJIOCH

He6e3rreKa

ChKHX lj>eo)J,aJiiB, TOM

3arroB3HTJIHBOIO,

TeH)J,eHu;iiO

3HaqeHHH

6yiJ,yTh

iloro

)J,HIIJIOMaTHqHHH

TOJii.

MaJio

i -

CIIa)J,KO€MlleM

Bopoxo6Hy

Ha6JIH3HTH u;e

lliJih

IIJiaHaM

3aJIHIIIHBCH

3Hal0qn

6y JIH

O)J,Hy

fl: oro

KHH3iBCTBa.

IIOMepJIH

TaJiaHOBHTOIO

3)J,iHCHIOBaB

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

HeraiiHo

BoJIO)J,HMHPKY,

rpa)J,

TpH

THlKHi

rrpn6yB BiH

raJinq

rrocrrirnHo

o6JIHraB

HOrO.

3aHHHB

3i6paB TyT

TpoH.

iJ,PYMHHY,

TOqHJIHCH

6oi

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

i, napeiiiTi, raJIHllhKa <J>opTeu;n 6yJia 3)J,o6yTa, a caM rrpeTeH)J,eHT IBaH PocTHCJiaBnq yTiK B KniB rri)J, orriKy KHH3H BceBoJio)J,a. BoJIO)J,HMHpKo JIIOTO

po3rrpaBHBCH

rrpHXHJihHHKaMH

IBana.

Ilpo u;e o6pa3HO rrncaJiocn B KniBChKOMY JiiTorrnci. ,Ha TY .lK 3HMY BHHIIIOB BoJIO)J,HMHp (i3 raJinqa)

B (ropo)J,)

TncMeHH£110 Ha JIOBH. A B

u;eil qac rrocJiaJIH raJinqann (rrocJiiB) no IBana PocTHCJiaBnqa y 3Bennropo)J, i BBeJIH )J,O ce6e y raJinq. BoJIO)J,HMHpKo .lK, rroqyBIIIH (rrpo u;e), 3i6paB

i1,py.lKHHY

ropo)J,a.

Ta,

IIpHHIIIOB

BHI.lK)J,.lKaroqn

HhOro

ropo)J,a,

)1,0

raJinqa,

6nJIHCH

CTaB

KpirrKo

HaBKOJIO

(raJinqann),

6araTO IIa)J,aJIO 3 o6ox (cTopiH), i 6HJIHCH BOHH 6JIH3hKO TphOX He)J,iJih. M'HCHHlli B He)J,iJIIO Ha niq, BHCTYIIHB Ha HHX IBaH i3 raJinqana-

A MH,

6araTO

Bi)J,pi3aJIH

if oro

ropo)J,. I

6HJIHCH.

II06HJIH

ropo)J,a,

Bi)J,

IBaHa i1,py.lKHHH

MO.lKHa

6y JIO

HOMY

6araTO,

BepHyTHCH

rrpo6ir Bin Kpi3h (qy.lKe) BiilchKO )J,O ,Uynaro, a 3Bi)J,TH rroJieM

rrpn6ir )1,0 IBana

BOHH

B ceBOJIO)J,a B KHIB.

BoJIO)J,HMHpKoM

He)J,iJIIO.

BoJIO)J,HMHpKO

rropy6aB,

Ta .lK,

iHIIIHX IIOKapaB

raJinqanH B IIIO He)J,iJIIO 6HJIHCH rricJIH

rroneBoJii

o)J,qHHHJIHCH

yBiHIIIOBIIIH

raJinq,

iloMy

MaCJIHHY

6araThOX

JIIO)J,eH

KapOIO JIIOTOIO".

3 HKHX .lKe IIpHqHH ,rpa)J,ChKi My.lKi" raJinqa, HKi IIi)J,TpHMyBaJIH BoJIO)J,HMHpKa B iforo u;eHTpaJii3aTOpChKiH )J,iHJihHOCTi, paiiTOM 3pa)J,HJIH iforo i 3aKJIHKaJIH Ha TpOH iHIIIOrO KHH3H? A Ha)J, yciM I.II.Kpnrr'HKeBHq BHCJIOBJIIOBaB

MipKyBaHHH,

rn:o

BoJIO)J,HMHpKoM

6yJia

He3a)J,oBoJiena,

rrepiiiy

qepry, MiChKa BepxiBKa, HKa )1,0 TOrO qacy TpHMaJia B CBOIX pyKaX MiChKe rOCIIO)J,apCTBO, IIpOMHCJIH i TOpriBJIIO, a KHH3h, MO.lKJIHBO, i rroqaB o6Me.lKyBaTH II rrpnBiJiei, 3a6nparoqn CBOI )J,OXO)J,H )J,JIH ce6e a6o )J,JIH CBOIX 6onp, a MO.lKJIHBo, rn:o KaH)J,H)J,aTypy IBana PocTHCJiaBnqa Ha3BaJio He3aMO.lKHe IIOCeJieHHH MiCTa,

a BiH,

HK MH

3Ha€MO 3 rri3HiiiiHX

IIO)J,iH

(1159 p.),

KOpHCTyBaBCH IIIHpOKOIO IIOIIYJIHpHiCTIO cepe)], IIHX BepCTB. 3)J,a€ThCH, IIIe,

IBaH

rn:o i1,pyra Bepcin 6yJia 6iJihiii

PocTHCJiaBnq

BoJIO)J,HMHpKoM.

KHH3L-i3roil,

HKa

iloMy 6yJia

IIo-TpeTe, rrpaB)J,OIIO)J,i6no, B

raJinqan

3Bennropo)J,i i

BOHH

IIo-rrep-

rrepecJii)J,yBannil

Ilo-)J,pyre, Bin )J,OMaraBcH raJIHllhKoro Tpony HK 3a-

KOHHOI crra)J,IIJ:HHH,

JIIO)J,Y

rrpaB)J,OIIO)J,i6na.

roHHMHH

BH3naqena

iloro rrpHXHJihHe

EepJia)J,i

6aThKOM,

BacHJihKOM.

cTaBJieHHH )J,O rrpocToro

,Uynai )J,OXO)J,HJIO )J,O

rrpocTHX

Ha)J,iHJIHCH Ha )J,06poro KHH3H.

AJie )J,OJIH po3cy)J,HJia inaKIIIe. 6araTLox MHTapcTB: B

Bin rricJIH

neB)J,aqi

114 5 poKy 3a3HaB

1146 pou;i rrepe6yBaB y B'nTHllhKOMY y)J,iJii, rricJIH

BoJtoiJuMup

qoro rrepelliiiOB )J,O

PocTHCJiaBa

CMoJieHChKoro,

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

1149 poKy

Kirruj

rrepeKHHYBCH )J,O cy3)J,aJihChKoro KHH3H IOpin ,UoJiropyKoro. AJie rre)J,oBro BiH

TYT

YTPHMaBCH,

IOpieM,

MeHHBIIIH

OCKiJihKH

cBoro

cnrra

BoJIO)J,HMHpKO .HpocJiaBa

rra

BoJIO)J,HMHpKa IOpill ,UoJiropyKHll yB'H3HHB

raJIHllhKHll lloro

rropi)J,HHBCH

)J,oqu;i.

IBarra EepJia)J,HHKa,

BHMory 3a HKHM

IIOCTOHB KHIBChKHll KHH3h 13HCJiaB ,UaBH)J,OBHq, 3a6paBIIIH llOrO )1,0 ce6e.

115 8 pou;i

po3ropiBCH BHMaraB

qepe3

u;Loro

€BpOIIellChKHll

BH)J,aqi

IBarra

KHH3H

IBarra

KOHij>JiiKT,

.HpocJiaB

PocTHCJiaBnqa

MaJio

rre

KOJIH Bi)J, 13HCJiaBa ,UaBH)J,OBHqa

OcMOMHCJI,

yropchKHll

KopoJih

rroJihChKHll KHH3h. To)J,i IBaH PocTHCJiaBnq yTiKae y cBill EepJia)J,ChKHll y)J,iJI Ha Jl:yrrai, )J,e llOrO i )J,aJii He IIOKH)J,a€ MpiH 3aBOJIO)J,iTH raJinqeM.

1158 pou;i

MoMrra BHCJIOBHTH 3)J,ora)J,, IIIO 3 KneBa IBarr EepJia)J,HHK y Bi)J,CTYIIHB

Ha Jl:yrrall,

CMep)J,iB B IIOXi)J, Ha

III06

3i6paTH

raJinq,

IIIO

Ha)J,illHY paTh

IIpOCTHX

CeJIHH-

3rO)J,OM BiH rroqaB po6HTH.

1146 pou;i 3po6nB B)J,pyre crrpo6y rri)J,Ko-

KniBChKHll KHH3h BceBOJIO)J, B

pHTH raJIHllhKe KHH3iBCTBO, aJie CMepTh He )J,aJia 3)J,illCHHTH llOMY HaMipiB. B llhOMY pou;i rricJIH cMepTi BceBoJio)J,a 6opoTL6a KHH3iB 3a KHIBChKHll rrpeCTOJI

BCTYIIHJia

BoJIO)J,HMHpKO KniBChKHll

HOBY

raJIHllhKHll.

CTOJihHHll

CTa)J,iiO,

Birr Ha TOll

HKill qac

IIOMiTHy

pOJih

Bi)J,irpaBaB

CTaB Bi)J,OMHM Ha Pyci.

rpa)J, BncyrryJiocn )J,Ba rrpeTeH)J,eHTH

BOJIHHChKHll

KHH3h 13ncJiaB McTHCJiaBnq Ta cy3)J,aJihChKHll KHH3h IOpill ,UoJiropyKHll. BoJIO)J,HMHpKo, 6onqnch rrocnJieHHH HH

II 3

KneBoM,

rri)J,TpnMaB

IOpin

BoJIHHi rra BHIIa)J,OK o6'e)J,rrarr-

,UoJiropyKoro.

IlaM'HTHHM

cTaB

1150 piK, KOJIH, HK 3aiiHCaHO B KHIBChKOMY JiiTorrnci, ,y TOll Me qac PYIIIHB

BoJIO)J,HMHp

IIOMiq IIpOTH raJIHllhKi JiiTorrncrri XOMJih,

CHJIOIO

rre

IIOJIKH

rpa)J,H

rra

B OJIO)J,HMHpKa BoJIHHi

illyMChK Ta iHIIIi

TYT

6010".

i3 raJinqa )1,0 KneBa CBaTOBi CBO€MY IOpieBi Ha

13HCJiaBa".

rri)J, rra

KneBoM

BillChKO

IIi)],

qac

KHIBIIIHHi:

llhOrO

IIOXO)J,y

BnroiiiiB,

3allHHJIH

rrrollHH£110,

Tn-

BOJIOCTi.

BoJIO)J,HMHpKo

13ncJiaBa

,rroqaB

rrpncTyrraTH

0JILIIIarrnu;ero

yciero

,rrpnroTyBaBcH )J,O

U:e 3JIHKaJIO COI03HHKiB 13HCJiaBa, BiH 3i CBOIMH CIIiJihHHKaMH

BTpnMaB

KneBa

Bi)J,cTyrrnB rra

BoJIHHh.

TnM

6iJILIIIe,

IIIO B TOll

qac 3 JliBo6epeMMH rri)J,illiiiOB )J,O KneBa IOpill ,UoJiropyKHll i3 cBoIMH

CHHaMH.

fl oro

IIi)J,TpHMaJIH KHHHH,

3aiiHCaHO

B JiiTOIIHCi,

MHori KHHHH rroixaJIH B rraca)J,ax )J,O IOpin, a i1,pyri rroqaJIH B rraca)J,ax i1,pylKHHY llOro rrepeB03HTH

Ha CIO

CTOporry Ha Ilo)J,iJIJIH".

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopifl

<l>aKTnqHo

IlpuKapnammR.

raJIHllhKi

rroJIKH

,UoJiropyKoro BCTYIIHJIH

ToM

BoJIO)J,HMHpKa

KniB

)J,O

rrpn6yTTH

Bi)J,THCHYJIH BOIHiB

13ncJiaBa.

IOpin

28 ceprrHH 1151 poKy B ypoqncTiil o6cTaHoBu;i Ha MornJii OJiera y KneBi

Bi)J,6yJiacn

)J,aJihChKHM

3YCTpiq

KHH3eM

raJIHllhKoro

IOpieM

KHH3H

,UoJiropyKHM

yqacTi qnceJihHOrO KHIBChKOrO HaCeJieHHH. HO, 6yB Tpa)J,HlliHHHM, qyBaBCH

MornJii

U:iKaBo,

rri)J,

MHpKo raJIHllhKHH Bnrnropo)J,i )J,aB

BciMa

cB.

cy3-

rroJIKaMH

rrpn

U:en u;epeMOHiaJI, HK BH)J,-

XTO CTaBaB Ha KHIBChKHH TpOH,

TO IIOCBH-

OJiera. qac u;Loro rrepe6yBaHHH B

Bi)J,Bi)J,aB

KneBi KHH3h

Co<J>il,

BoJIO)J,H-

3aiiOBi)J,Hi IIaM'HTHi MiCIIH CTOJIHlli.

,IIOKJIOHHBCH" CBHTHM MyqeHHKaM Eopncy i

u;epKBY

BoJIO)J,HMHpKa

,UecHTHHHY

u;epKBY

BiH y

rJii6y' Bi)J,Bi-

KneBo- II eqepchKHH

MOHacTnp, )J,e, HK 3ayBa.lKye JiiTorrnceu;L, 3YCTpiBcH 3 IOpieM ,UoJiroPYKHM

BCTaHOBHJIH

BOHH

Me.lKH

co 6 oro

rrpHH3Hh

BeJIHKy".

nyJio u;e CBoro po)J,y rrpomaHHH raJIHllhKOro KHH3H 3 KneBOM, aJie Ha

HOBi

HeJierKi

BHIIpo6yBaHHH.

Toro BOJIHHChKHH KHH3h

HhOrO

qeKaJIH

I3HCJiaB

~CTHCJiaBnq,

JIO)J,HMHPKY Ha

KHIB,

IIepeMHIIIJihlliHHy.

Mnp'n

HallhKyBaB AJie

HhOro

BoJIO)J,HMHpKo

CllpHqHHHBCH

yropu;iB, 3YMiB

HKi

HaCTYIIHJIH

)J,OMorTHCH

yrpaMn.

IloxopoH MiHiam10pa

2aJlUU,bK020

PaiJ3uBi.JlfliBCbK020

KH5l35l

Bo;wiJuMupKa.

flimonucy

)1,0

HKHH, MCTnqnch Bo-

XIII

(XV)

em.

rrepe-

BoJtoiJuMup

13HCJiaB McTHCJiaBnq He BTHXOMHpHBCH i B HaCTYIIH

raJIHllhKe

KHH3iBCTBO.

Bin

1152 pouj rroqaB HOBi

3apyqnBCH

rri)J,MOrOIO )J,eHKHX

KHH3iB Ta IIi)J,MOBHB 3HOBY yropChKOrO KOpOJIH ren3y. na

.HpocJiaB,

yropu;i

rrorrpnMyBaJIH

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

CaM BiH IIiiiiOB

IIepeMHIIIJih.

CnJIH

6yJIH

nepiBHHMH i BoJIO)J,HMHpKo 3Myiiiennii 6yB Bi)J,cTyrrnTH. HoMy B)J,aJiocn IIOMHpHTHCH

IIpnKaprraTTH

yropu;HMH IIOJIKiB

TaKHM

ren3H

13ncJiaBa.

BoJIO)J,HMHpKy ,u;iJiyBaTH xpecTa" i ,ropo)J,a

qnHOM,

Bi)J,BepHyTH

YropchKHH

arpeci10

KopoJih

pa)J,HB

IIOBepHyTH 13HCJiaBy 3aHHHTi HHM

pycLKi".

AJie u;e 6yB )J,HIIJIOMaTnqnnii MaHeBp BoJIO)J,HMHpKa 3 MeToiO, mo6 TiJihKH

Bi)J,BepHyTH He6e3IIeKy Bi)J, CBOrO

raJIHllhKOrO KHH3iBCTBa.

U:e

rri)J,TBepi1,MY€ThCH THM, mo KOJIH I3HCJiaB BHCJiaB cBoro rrocJia IleTpa EopncJiaBnqa )J,O BepnyTn rop)J,o

BoJIO)J,HMHpKa

3a6paHi

Bi)J,rroBiB

IIpOTH MeHe i

raJIHllhKHM

rrocJioBi:

IIpoTe

naBecni

pyChKi

cKaMn:

, Tn,

ropo)J,a,

6paTe,

KOpOJIH Ha MeHe IIpHBiB €CH.

cy)J,HJIOCH

rpaMoTaMn",

mo6 rro-

OCTaHHiH

Bn6paB

AJie HKIIIO

ecn

qac

6y)J,y lKHB,

a6o 3a ce6e O)J,OMIIIY".

BoJIO)J,HMHpKOBi )J,aJii

Bi)J,CTOIOBaTH

60 CKOpO BiH 6yB rrapaJii30BaHHH

IIOMep.

raJIHllhKe

U:e

CTaJIOCH

115 2 poKy.

IIpaBJiiHHH KHM.

KHH3eM

, Tn

TO a6o rOJIOBY CBOIO CJIOMy,

KHH3iBCTBO,

,3 xpecHHMH

AJie

BoJIO)J,HMHpKa

BiH BHHBHBCH

raJIHllhKOMY

KHH3iBCTBi

3)J,i6HHM )J,eplKaBHHM )J,iHqeM i

6yJio

HeJier-

IIOJIKOBO)J,lleM.

,EYB BIH KH513b MYJJ:PHH I KPACH 0 M 0 BHHH" aK &~n»

rrncaB

JiiTOIIHCy,

rrpo

.HpocJiaBa

IIi)J,CYMOByiOqH

OcMOMHCJia

HOrO

34-piqne

aBTop

KniBChKoro

KHH310BaHHH

ra-

1---5 Jinqi. IIicJIH cMepTi BoJIO)J,HMHpKa MaJioJiiTniii noro cnn .HpocJiaB ycrra)J,KyBaB MoryTH€ raJIHllhKe KHH3iBCTBO, Pyci i A

CJiaBa rrpo HKe KOTHJiaCH ITO BCiH

3a II MeMaMn.

rroqnnaJiocn

I3HCJiaB

u;e

M CTHCJiaBnq

rrpaBJiiHHH 3HOB

3 Toro,

rroqaB

HaCTYII

neBraMOBHHH

raJIHllhKe

KHIBChKHH KHH3iBCTBO.

IOnnii KHH3h .HpocJiaB roTOBHH 6yB rri)J,KOpHTHCH 13ncJiaBnqy i

qepe3

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

CBOIX IIOCJiiB 6010,

IlpuKapnammR.

rrepe)J,aB

HOMy:

rrpniiMH Me He TaK,

AJie

rroBepHyTn Bo)J,Hoqac

cJioBa co6i

,HHHi,

3aHHHTi

raJIHIIhKi

6aThKy,

HK cnHa cBoro

.HpocJiaBoBi

Hiqoro

KOJIHCh

6onpH

ToM

IIOKJIOHIOCH rrepe)J, T0-

McTHCJiaBa ... "

)J,aJin,

BoJIO)J,HMHpKoM

XOTiJIH

iTH

13ncJiaB

rpa)J,H

IIOCTYIIKH

xoTiB

BoJIHHi.

MCTHBOMY

13HCJiaBy-KHH310. ,IUiiiiiJIO

)J,O

6nTBH.

KniBChKHH

JiiTorrnceu;h

rrncaB:

, Y

TiM

pou;i

(1153) I3HCJiaB McTHCJiaBnq rroqaB roTyBaTncn Ha .HpocJiaBa BoJIO)J,HMHpoBnqa )1,0 raJinqa".

BiH y ciqHi

1153 poKy, ,3i6paBIIIH CHJIY CBOIO", i3

rroJIKaMH 6paTiB i cnHa qepe3 TnxoMJih, EepecT, CTaHKOB i piqKy CepeT BCTYIIHB Ha TepHTOpiiO raJIHIIhKOrO KHH3iBCTBa, IIi)J,iHIIIOB IIi)], Tepe60BJIIO. CIO)J,H

rri)J,iHIIIJIH

ChKOIO cJ>opTeu;ew.

rroJIKH

.HpocJiaBa

,raJIHIIhKi MyMi,

cTaJIH

rrepe)J,

Tepe6oBJih-

rrniiie JiiTorrnceu;L,

rroqaJIH

MOBHTH KHH310 CBO€MY JlpOCJiaBy: ,TH MOJIO)J,HH €CH. IlOI)J,h-HO 3Bi)J,CH i

HaC

)J,HBHCh.

0cKiJihKH

HaC

OTellh

TBiH

KOpMHB

JII06HB,

BOJIHMO MH 3a OTIIH TBoiloro qecTh i 3a TBOIO roJioBy cBoi 3JIOMHTH".

5IpocJtaB

OcMOMUC!l

Fa!lUU,bKOMY miOpa Jtimonuey

5IpocJtaB KH5l:JICOIO Hiam10pa Jtimonuey

cmoJti.

MiHia-

PaiJ3ueiJtfliBCbKOi!O XIII

(XV)

em.

OcMOMUC!l iJpy:JICUHOIO.

3 Mi-

PaiJ3uBiflfliBcbKOi!O XIII

(XV)

em.

80 I

BOJwiJuMup rn:e

)J,O)J,aJIH

IIpH

llhOMY

T06i

UJ:O

BqHHHThCH,

XaH

CaMi

rrpn6iMHTh O)J,iCJiaJIH ceo;h

O)J,

O)J,Hi

BOHH

JiiTOIIHCellh,

JIH

,TH

HaM

HaC

)J,iHTH?

13HCJiaBOM.

CaMi

Beqopa".

ropo)J,

JIKUJ:O

)1,0

6y)J,e

rpa)J,a,

MHB,

T06010".

6HTHCH".

€CH.

KHH310,

HaC

ropo)J,i

6yJia

cBiil

BOIHiB

JlpOCJiaBa, OIIOBHJia

IIJiaq

KHIBChKoro 3

iiiiJIH

CYMOM

MHp

IIOJIKH,

Eo I

KHH3h

)J,aJii

ciqa JIIOTa,

rrepeMiHHHMH

TO TaK

JiiTOIIH-

6HJIHCH

ycrrixaMn,

IIOJIOHeHHX.

Bi)J,CTYIIHJIH

XTO

IIOIXaJIH

6araTO

,6yB

O)J,HH

IlOI)J,h-HO, A

3arrpeMOCH

3aCTYIIHJIHCH

)J,O

bHCJiaBa

cMepTIO

KHH3HM

CBOrO,

3aXOIIHJIH

IIOJIOHHB

HaCTYIIHB

UJ:O

TO)J,i

KHH3H

raJinqann

MOpCTOKiCTh

Te6e,

rroJiy)J,HH

i1,pyri

AJie Mir

)1,0

p03IIOBi)J,aB:

BOHH

6'€MOCH

BOHH:

Fpa6oeeU,bTWU

BeJIHKHH KHH3H

KHIBChKHMH

IlO)J,HirrpoB'H

ITO

HKHX

yce

6HTHCH

HaKa3aB

bncJiaB

3eMJii

rrepe-

rropy6aTH.

IlpHKaprraTTH

BciH

13ncJiaBa

KHH3HMH,

Tepe6oBJIIO".

IIHCaB

raJIHllhKiil".

McTHCJiaBnqa

JlpOCJiaBOBi

IIOJIKH

IIOJIOBellhKHMH

1154

pou;i

)J,OIIOMara-

Op)J,aMH.

BoHH

5lpoozae OcMOMUCJl Ha i]JoHi cnopyiJJtCeHo<o HUM YcneHCbTW<o

co6opy.

KHRJICe

eiiJmeopeHe

o6JZUlflf5l

ocHoei

icmo-

pulfHof KpaHioJZo<if. IIJZacmulfHY peKOHCmpyKU,iTO mponOJlO?

3iJiUCHU6

Cepciu

MaJZTOHOK MupocJZaea

aH-

Fop6eHKO.

FamaJZeeulfa

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

rreo~rropa3oBo

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

B 50-60-x poKax XII cToniTTH Bi~rrpaBnnnncn B aHTH-

rronoBerrLKi rroxo~n i rrpocnaBnnnn ce6e B rrenerKHX 6onx y cTerrax 3 arpeCHBHHMH 3a

KoqiBHHKaMH.

KHH3IOBaHHH

.HpocnaBa

3HOBY

IOpin

, Y

KniBChKOMY niTorrnci: 0~

ITOMiq

3HTH

,UaBn~oBnq

,UonropyKoro

rroMarann

TiM

noro

13ncnaB

TeCTIO. Me

TaK,

KnEBi

115 5

rannrrLKi porri

rrpnilrnna ~o

porri

.HpocnaBa,

Biilrry rrpoTH

TOMY

liTO

rronKH

3arrncarro

IOpin rannrrLKa

rroqaB

3aMHIIIRHTH

lOp in".

3HOBY qnTa€MO B KniBChKOMY niTorrnci, mo B 1157 porri:

,PyrnnB

(Bono~HMHpoBnqeM)

i3 ranHrrhKHM,

i3 cnrraMH rra McTncnaBa 13ncnaBnqa, i oToqnB noro y

Bono~HMHpoBi

IOpiii i3 3HTeM CBOIM .HpocnaBoM

rra

Bonnrri,

6araTo KpoBi

3aB~anH

parr,

B KHIB,

a ,3HTh HOrO

rrhoro

(JipocnaB)

a irrrni,

HKHM

IOpiii ,UonropyKHH ITOBeprryBCH

rriiiiOB y

6aTLKa .HpocnaBa OcMoMncna,

rannq y CBOIO BOROCTb".

ITOKH~aB rroxi~

~YMKH

rra

IBarra

HOBHH rracTyrr

rrpo

raRHfihKHH

TpOH

paiTTOM

rroqaB

roTyBaTHCh

IIpnKaprraTTH.

U:LoMy CHRhHe

rri~roTyBaB

HKHH

Birr KHH3IOBaB y Eepna~chKOMY y~ini rra IIo~yrraB'i, ane rre

rra rannq.

crrpnnnn

KHH3iBChKe

BennKi

rrpncna ~o

rannrrLKi

yrrpaBniHHH

PocTHCRaBnqa ~0

niTorrnci, i

Ilicnn

3 o6ox cTopirr,

1159 porri 3HOBY ~aB rrpo ce6e qyTH IBaH PocTncnaBnq, rrneMiH-

B HHK

YMHpann"

rrponnnocn

6onpn,

JlpocnaBa,

ce6e

Hhoro

rannq.

(IBarra),

HKHM

rro~o6anocn

rre

BOHH

Ta€MHO

,rannqarrn, 3aoxoqywqn

3MaHHRH

3arrncarro

cicTH rra cToni,

THM CROBOM rrpHMaHIOBaRH HOrO ~0 ce6e: TiRhKH ITOKaMeiii rrparro-

pH,

MH Bi~CTYITHMO

Bi~

JlpocnaBa".

Qen rrpHKRa~ CBi~qHTh, BennKi

rannrrLKi

.HpocnaBa

6onpn,

6onnncn

noro

rro36yTncn 3 rrpecTony, o6MeMHTH

HKHMH RHrreMipHHMH BOpOX06HHKaMH 6ynH

6araTi

m o6 TinhKH

Bi~

KHIBChKHX

KHH3iB

TiM Me porri CTaB JlpocnaB IBarra KHH3iB

PocTncnaBnqa, pyChKHX

rra

rroqaTKY rrpaBnirrrrn

roToBi

6ynn

noro

rroqaB

36npaTH

BiilchKOBi

Qe CTano Bi~OMO JlpocnaBy, i BiH

BH~aTH

no My

(Bono~HMHpOBHq)

cTpnnqnqa

KOpORH

6o10,

3anHIIIHTHCH rrpn cBoix BrrnnBax,

rri~MoBy

rra

CHRH B rrpH~yHaHChKHX BOROCTHX. BHMaraB

Bna~y.

BeRHKOKHH3iBChKY

PocTncnaBnq ~aBcn

IBaH

BenhMOMi:

BTpaTHTH

cBoro.

(yropChKOrO)

IBarra

Eepna~HHKa:

, Y

raRHfihKHH ~OMaraTHCH rri~MOBHB

.HpocnaB

ren3y,

RH~ChKHX

6yB

KHH3iB,

BoJtoiJuMup

Kup

BiiJT3iJ 5lpocJtaBa rn:o6

BOHH

HOMY

To)J,i

IIOJihChKHX

Bi3aHmilo

XyiJo:JtCHUK

KH5l:JtCOi!O

MupocJtaB

rrpoTH

IBana.

iJeopy

ramaJteBUlf BOHH

o6iu;HJIH

KHIBChKHM

rri)J,

HKOrO TO)J,i

3a)J,OBOJihHHTH

BH)J,aB

HOrO

I BaH oBi

,UaBH)J,OBHqy,

THM

Bin

rrocJiiB

nepJia)J,HHKa

He i

6 Ha

)J,OIIOMir UJ:O

300

rrepe6y-

yropcLKoro

KHH3H-i3roH

)J,O

IIOXi)J,

BolniB,

raJIHq.

raJIHllhKi

MicTo

)J,OIIOMOry

BTpaTHB

)1,0

iJ,YMKY rpa6y-

HeB)J,aqeiO •

iloro

3aHHHJIH Ha

UJ:O

MO.lKJIHBOCTi

3aKiHqHBCH Bi)J,ciqi,

B)J,pyre

3arrpoiiiye

li)KaBO,

ceJIHH-cMep)J,iB.

IlpyTy

OCTaHHiH

3apyqnBcH

THcHq

IIOJIOBIIHM

IIOXi)J,

rri)J,roTyBaBcH

BepxHhOMY

EepJia)J,h,

IIOXi)J,

)J,aBaB

IIOKHHYJIH

6iJihiiie,

36npae

po6HTh

IBaH

OcMOMHCJI

II03Hllil

Bi)J,iHIIIOB

rrpne)J,HaJiocH

OCKiJihKH

BOHH

.HpocJiaB

H i qoro

3axoTiB

KHH3eM.

IIOJIOBlliB

YIIInu;ero

)J,OCJii)J,HHKiB,

3aHHHJIH

KHH3iB,

PocTHCJiaBnq

)J,OIIOMOry

13HCJiaB ,UaBH)J,OBHq,

OcMOMHcJiy.

IBan

BeJIHKHM

BaTH,

rroMiqnnKaMH

KHH3h

PocTHCJiaBnq,

.HpocJiaBy

Hhoro

iloMy

KHIBChKHH

IBaH

KOpOJIH

6yJIH

KoMHUHa

1165 poKy.

BCi...".

IlpoTe BaB

AHiJpoHiKa

OcMOMUCJla

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

rroJIKH

YIIIH£110.

KHH310

KHIBChKHH

13HCJiaBy rrpeCTOJI

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

cTaB KHH3eM-i3ro€M (B 1162 p. Bin 3arnnyB B 6onx). IBana PocTHCJiaBnqa yMepTBHJIH crrpo6a

3~o6yTH

B MicTi CoJiyuj y rrpecToJI

Bi3anTil.

TaKHM

EepJia~HHKY

IBany

qnnoM,

17-piqna

B~aJiacn.

U:eii. rroxi~ IBana PocTHCJiaBnqa Ha raJIHq 1159 poKy ~eHKi ~OCJii~HHKH p03lliHIOIOTh HK Hapo~He ITOBCTaHHH, OCKiJihKH ~0 KHH3H-i3roH rrpH€~Ha JIHCH

CeJIHHH-CMep~H

.HpocJiaB 30KpeMa, JiaBnq.

. rri~TpHMyBaB

OcMOMHCJI

Bci

B3a€MHHH raJIHllhKoro

CTOCyBaJIHCH IIpn~ynail.cbKOro B

JiiTorrnci

An~poHiK

~o6pi

cTocyHKH

rricJIH Toro, KOJIH 3 icTopnqnol apenn

3arrncano:

Bi3anTi€IO

BhanTiil.cLKoro

EepJia~ChKOro

,Ilpn6ir

.HpocJiaBa

KHH3H

iMrrepaTopa

periony raJIHllhKOI 3eMJii.

U:ecaporpa~a

BoJIO~HMHpOBHqa

3iil.IIIOB IBaH PocTHC-

Alll)Il) u;icapiB

raJIHq.

rrpHHHHB

Knp il.oro

.HpocJiaB i3 BeJIHKOIO rrpHH3HIO, i ~aB il.oMy .HpocJiaB ~eKiJILKa ropo~iB ~JIH

rri~TpHMKH".

IIpn~ynaB'i

RKi caMe u;e 6yJIH ropo~H neBi~oMo.

TepHTOpii, THM 6iJihiiie, IIIO B

Bipori~no,

qn na IIpnKaprraTTi, qn

IIIO

u;e

6yJIH

Qaperpa~i

1162 porri y

EepJia~chKi

rOCTHJIH KHH3h

McTHCJiaB IOpiil.oBnq 3 6paToM. 3ro~oM

HKHX

BiH

BhanTiil.chKHil. ITOBHCHJiaB

iMrrepaTop raJIHq,

ManyiJI

rrpOCHB

Fa!lUU,bKi 6o5lpu mR<Hymb KH5l:JICHY Hacmyc10 KH5l35l

flpoc!laea

OcMOMUC!la,

KoMHHH

AH~poHiKa

'lacpieHy,

cna!leHH5l.

qepe3

rrocJiiB,

ITOBepHyTHCH

HeBiH'taHy :J~CiHKY

Ma!liOHOK Jle6eiJeeof

BoJtoiJuMup

KoHcTaHTHHOIIOJih • BeJIHKOIO KOII

qecTIO".

Ky3hMa

.HpocJiaB Horo

,)J,Ba

OcMOMHCJI

MaJIH

,Bi)J,rrycTHB

cyrrpOBO)J,HTH

HaHBH3HaqHiiiii

MY*i"

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1 (AHiJ,poHiKa)

HaKa30M

KHH3H

OToqeHHH

€IIHC-

raJIHIIhKOro

)J,BOpa. raJIHIIhKa

3eMJIH

MoryTHhOIO.

,Uy*e

, Jil CTOpHH OC06JIHBO

(iloro),

qac

PocCHHCKOH": )1,6aB

CTpaiiiHHH.

yMiJii

rrpo

paTHHX

ychOMY

rrpo

CMiB

rrpou;BiTaJia

My.

HaceJIHJIH,

ITo

,I(yHaiO

TOpryBaJIH cBoix

qepe3

BoHO

)1,0

6yJIO

OcTaHHi KHMH

IIOJiiTHqHoro

3ocepe)J,HJIH

pO)J,HHY i

Ha6JIH3HB

JIHXH

MHori

6onp

CHHOM

6onpn

)1,0

rri)J,

pou;i

rrepe6yBaJia

BoJIO)J,HMHpoM.

Hew

6yJIH

TaM

IIO)J,iH,

BeJIH-

BJia)J,y.

po3ropiJIHCH y

117 3

)J,iBqHHOIO po)J,y

pou;i.

iM'H

qarpiB.

U:w

)J,BOpy.

)J,eHKHH

KHHrHHH

BO€BO)J,a BiciM

HKi

)J,BOpi 3

6onp.

Jlpoc-

JII06HJIHCH.

BOHa

TaM

(0Jihra)

MO-

a)J,MiHiCTpaTHB-

KHH3iBChKOro i

KHH3iBCTBi.

KHH3iBChKY

KHH3iBChKOrO

KHHrHHIO,

rrpa-

yrrpaBJIHJIH

IIOCi)J,aJIH

6onpcLKoro

KepiBHHIITBOM

3Miu;HeHHHM

BOJii

BOHH

crrocTepira€ThCH

3eMeJIL,

3B'H3KaX

OJier,

,yTeKJia

He3Ba*awqn

raJIHIIhKOMY

IIpHKJia)J,i

CBOrO

CHH

HKi

BiH

MHJIOCTHBHM

KHH3iBChKOMY

!1,pi6Horo

IIi)J,MOBHJIH

IIoJILIIIY,

1173

IIpH

YChO-

CJIY)KHJIO" •••

CBOIH

II03aiiiJII06HHX

JlpOCJiaB

BeJIHKHX

IIIO

6onp

Hapo)J,HBCH

CipocJiaBHqa

BH"ixaJia

IIHCaB,

rroxo)J,HJia

HacTyci

rpyrra HHTHHa

HKa

6yB

IIi)J,KOpHTH

THM,

HaJiarO)J,)KyBaJIH,

mo,

6araTo

IIpHXO)J,HJIH

HaCeJIHB;

3pOCTaHHHM

cBoix

6yJIH IIOBHa

TOMY

raJIHIIhKa

OcMOMHCJia,

iJ,PY*HHHHKiB

6yB

BO€BO)J,H

6yJia

JIIO)J,HX,

HhOrO

me)J,pHM,

IIOCJia6JieHHH

rro6aqHTH

BeJIHKHX

)1,0

rri)J,KpecJIIO€,

pa)J,i,

cyci)J,aM IIIO

iforo

3eMJIH

HOMY

cBoiil i

)J,OIIOMarawqn,

KYIIIIHMH

6yB

.HpocJiaBa

pyKax

CBOIX

MO)KHa

JlpOCJiaB-KHH3h

BiH

CTaJia

3Jiaro)J,i

BCiM

3eMJIH

peMeCJia

iH03eMu;iB

IIIBH)J,KHM

HaMaraiOqHCh

iHTpHr

HacTycn,

MaJIH

HaoqHo

TiJihKH

qacn

TOMY

qexaM

KpaiH

KpiiiHB,

Pn6aJIKO B

CMOMHCJia TaTimeB

TOMY

MHO)KHJiacn

rpeKaX

6e3Jiiq

BHKJIHKaHe

MiCTaMH,

IIOCa)J,H,

pOM

rri)J,HeceHHH,

TeH)J,eHu;iH

)KHB

6HTBi.

ycix

)J,OIIOMaraB. Te

IIpocJ>ecop

BiH i

36araqyBaJiaCH

ropO)J,H

MOpe

Ma€THOCTeil

ryTH€

JiaBa

BiH

qepe3

Bocy)J,HHM,

KOTpHMH

Haiia)J,aTH,

yrpaM B

3eMJii

HhOrO

XOpo6pi

peMiCHHKH ropO)J,H

JlpOCJiaBa

rrncaB

(cBo€1) Ha

rpeKaM,

CIIpaBaX

)J,OCTaTKY,

u;e

yciMa KHH3HMH

IIOpH)J,OK

HiXTO

6e3rrepecTaHKY

rrpaBJiiHHH

BJiyqHo

qac.

JiiTorrnceu;h

JlpOCJiaBa

Koc-

BoJIO)J,HMH-

KocHHTHH

Micnu;iB.

pa)J,HHKa

CHHOM

raJIHqa

CipocJiaBnq,

CHH

BoJIO)J,HMHp

ImocmpoeaHa npocnB

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

CBHTOCJiaBa

ToM

McTHCJiaBnqa )J,aTH

iloMy

ropo)J,

BiH BHIXaB 3 MaTip'IO, a THM qacOM ni)J,CTynrri JIH

6onp

qarpoBnx,

JlpOCJiaBa 3MYCHJIH

rrern:acrry

npHCHrHyTH

H acTycro

qepBeHa 3 MaTip'IO,

raJinqa; , iloro,

KY)J,H

cnaJIHJIH

rra

Borrrnrn:i,

Ha xpeCT nOMHpHTHCH 3 KHHrHHeiO".

II p o 1:110 Tpariqrry )J,paMy TaK nncaB JiiTonnceo;L: MHp )1,0

qepBerra,

3JI06Hi 6oHpH nepe6n-

1 niiiioB BoJIO)J,H-

BCTpiJia HOrO BiCTh OT CBHTOnOJIKa i3

IIOI)J,h y6op3i". 0TIIH TBOHOrO MH CXOnHJIH CeMH i npHHTeJiiB

qarpoBnx JIIO)J,eil,

raJinqarrn,

po3iKJiaBIIIH

A och TBiil Bopor -

no6nJIH. Bororrh,

cnaJIHJIH

II,

HacTaCLKa.

cnrra

(OJiera)

3aCJiaHHH BHrHaJIH, a KHH3H BO)J,HJIH )1,0 xpecTa, UJ:O 6y)J,e BiH no npaB)J,i

I TaK BOHH yJia)J,HaJin".

.lKHTH 3 KHHrnrrero. II p 0 nncaJIH 3a

£110

)J,paMy

npH

icTopnqrri

CBO€

)J,BOpi

poMaHH

34-piqrre

JlpOCJiaBa

0 CMOMHCJia

nHChMeHHHKH

noBiCTi.

npaBJiiHHH

JlpOCJiaB

0CMOMHCJI

3YMiB

BHCOKO

ni)J,HeCTH noJiiTHqHHH npeCTH.lK raJIHllhKOrO KHH3iBCTBa, npo HKe IIIHpOKO 3aroBopHJIH no Bciil Pyci MYiJ,PY

noJiiTHKY

OcMOMHCJIOM.

aBTop

U:en

3eMJIHX,

no Bcix Kpalrrax

KniBChKoro

JiiTonncy

.lKe JiiTonnceo;h )J,aB

.lKe BiH KHH3eM My)J,pHM i (ycix)

iloMy

KpaCHOMOBHHM;

€Bponn.

3a iloro

rra3BaB

iloro

BHCOKY

ou;irrKy:

Bnepiiie ,EyB

6oro6iHHHM, noBa.lKHHM B

CJiaBeH BiHChKaMH, 6o )J,e

6yJia HOMY o6n)J,a,

(TaM)

caM Birr rre XO)J,HB noJIKaMH CBOIMH, a nocnJiaB lx 3 BO€BO)J,aMn. 6o HaBiB Jia)J, y JII06Jinqn (IM)

3eMJii cBolil

rrnrn:nx

B03)J,aiOqH

ro)J,yroqn.

0)1,

MHJIOCTHHIO rn:e)J,py po3)J,aBaB, qoprropH3hKHH

MoryTHOCTi

CBO€I,

BiH

qnrr

JII06Jinqn

YChOMY

IIicJIH

BeJIHKHX

Tpy)J,iB

BCHKOrO

ceo;h,

,nepe)J,

KOHqHHOIO

qecTh

CnOBHHB

3aKOH

iJ,YXOBeHCTBO

npOCTHX, i

CB0€10,

0)1,

corpiiiiHB

BCiX,

6paTTH, npOCTiTe

CBO€

Bee,

He)J,yrH

TH.lKKOI Bi)J,qyBIIIH

CJia-

MOHaCTHpi,

B6ornx,

,0To;i i

6araTHX,

6paTTH, CHHOBe!

Ocb

3i CBiTy ChOro cyeTHOro i H)J,y )1,0 TBOPIIH CBOro. Xail

naqe

iJ,YXOBeHCTBOM

YCKJia)J,HeHh

BCIO raJIHllhKY 3eMJIIO; n03BaB BiH

rOBOpHB, nJiaqyqn )1,0 BCiX:

B.lKe O)J,XO)J,.lKY

noJiiTHqHHX

(npo HHX).

1187 poKy 3aXBOpiB i, HK nHIIIe JiiTOnH-

6iCTh, BiH CKJIHKaB My.lKiB CBOIX i TaKO.lK

po)J,y

npoqarr i

bO.lKHH, )1,0 o;epKOBHHKiB CaM npHXO)J,HqH i )1,6aroqn )J,06pe

JlpOCJiaB 0CMOMHCJI BJiiTKy

Birr

OTO

HiXTO

iHIIIHH

B60rHM. He

MOrJIH

corpiiiiHB,

aJie,

OTlli

TaK nJiaKaB BiH TpH )J,Hi nepe)J, yciM

nepe)J,O BCiMa JIIO)J,hMH,

MOHaCTHpHM

raJinqy TpH )J,Hi i

i )J,apyiiTe!"

OTO.lK,

p03)J,aTH.

noBeJiiB )J,aBaJIH

p03)J,aBaTH MaHHO

(iloro)

BChOMY

BoJtoiJuMup

,JI OCh O)J,Hi€10 npOCTOIO rOJIOBOIO

ce MOBHB BiH MylKaM CBOIM: CB0€10 npaByroqn, Bi)J,al0 Micu;e )J,aiO

B)J,eplKaB yc10 raJIHllhKY 3eMJIIO.

CBO€

0JieroBi,

II epeMHIIIJih".

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

CHHY CBO€MY

ypH)J,HBIIIH

lx,

Tenep

MeHIIIOMY,

BiH

npnBiB

3ano-

BoJIO)J,HMHpy

BoJIO)J,HMHpa

)J,O

xpecTa i MylKiB raJIHllhKHX Ha TiM, IIIO HOMY He )J,OMaraTHCH 0)1, 6paTa (ropo)J,a) CnOBHHB

raJinqa,

HOrO BOJii,

OJier

6yB

qepe3 Te

HOMY

BiH

MHJIHH,

He )J,aB

1 MOBTHH .HpocJiaB OcMOMHCJI noMep, i1,pyrHH

)J,eHh

HOrO

noxopOHHJIH

HOMY

BoJIO)J,HMHp

3a HHM nJiaKaJIH Bci.

BeJIHKOIO

raJinqa".

ypoqncTiCTIO

u;epKBi

Eoropo)J,Hlli.

ABTOP ,CJIOBA" IIPO qACll 51POCJIABA OCMOMllCJIA ABTop ,CJioBa o noJIKY IropeBiM" 3 na<J>ocoM 3BepTa€ThCH )J,O npaBHTeJIH

raJIHllhKOI 3eMJii .HpocJiaBa

OcMOMHCJia 3 3aKJIHKOM noMCTHTHCH

nOJIOBIIHM, HKi 3aB)J,aJIH nopa3KH pycnqaM Ha KaHJii B KBiTHi 1185 poKy: ,raJIHllhKHH 0CMOMHCJie JlpOCJiaBe," Ha CBO€MY 30JIOTOKOBaHOMY npeCTOJii,

nHIIIe BiH, -

BHCOKO CH)J,HIII TH

ni)J,nepiiiH ropH yropChKi CBOIMH

3aJii3HHMH nOJIKaMH, 3aCTynHBIIIH KOpOJieBi IIIJIHX, 3aqHHHBIIIH Ha Jl:yHa€Bi

BopoTa,

KH)J,aroqn

THrapi

qepe3

xMapn,

cy)J,H

pa)J,nqn

,UyHaiO.

CTpaxn Bi)J, Te6e no 3eMJii po3XO)J,HThCH, TH Bi)J,KpHBaeiii BopoTa KneBy, CTpiJIH€III TH 3 6aThKiBChKOrO 30JIOTOrO npeCTOJIY Ha CYJITaHiB, IIIO 3a 3eMJIHMH. CTpiJIHH, rocno)J,apro, Ha KoHqaKa, noraHoro pa6a, 3a 3eMJIIO PycLKy, 3a paHH IropeBi, xopo6poro CBHTOCJiaBnqa!".

llhOMY

BHCOKOXY)J,OlKHhOMY i

IIIO He peqeHHH,

naTpiOTHqHoMy

lliJia CTOpiHKa

BHCJIOBi

icTopii eKOHOMiqHoro i

HOrO p03BHTKY

raJIHllhKOrO

KHH3iBCTBa,

IIIO

HIO TepnTopiro

IIpnKapnaTTH B 50-80-x poKax XII

aBTOpa noJiiTHq-

OXOnJIIOBaJia ChOrO)J,HiiiicToJiiTTH.

ABTop, BHHBJIH€ThCH, He TiJihKH TaJiaHOBHTHH MailcTep xy)J,OlKHhOro cJioBa, Pyci,

aJie il npeKpacHo po3yMieThCH B icTopnqHnx no)J,iHx Bciel 30KpeMa,

)J,OCKOHaJio

3HaB

yce,

rn:o

)J,iHJIOCh

KHH3iBCTBi

.HpocJiaBa OcMOMHCJia. IlepiiiHM,

XTO

cnpo6yBaB

nOHCHHTH

u;i

CTOpiHKH

,CJIOBa",

6yB

Bi)J,OMHH raJIHllhKHH BqeHHH XIX cToJiiTTH, npeKpacHHH 3HaBellh )J,Me-

lfllocmpo(JaHa

peJI

icmopiR

icTopii

IlpUJwpnammR.

raJIHU:bKOI

Pyci

ToM

rrpo<J>ecop

JlbBiBCbKOro

13H~Op

illapaHeBnq. Bin y rrpau:i ,IfcTOpHR

Pycn"

(JlbBiB,

18 6 3

p.)

rrncaB:

, THMH

yniBepCHTeTy

raJIHU:KO-BOJIO~HMHpCKOH

o6pa3aMH

ocrriBaB

crriBeU:b

(, CJioBa ") rrpaBJiiHHR raJIHU:bKoro .H pocJiaBa. I crrpaB~i, BBO~HB .H pocJiaB Ha

KHIBCbKHH

rrpeCTOJI

p0Tb6i 3 rroJIOBU:RMH i

po3IIIHpiOBaJIH rpo3y iMeni i Jie~Be

Jia), i

~OIIOMaraB

KHR3iB,

MoryTnocTi noro

RKi yKpiiiJieHHR i MiCTa

3a ~OIIOMOfOIO

pycbKHM

IIo~BHrH

caM ix rrepeMaraB.

BO€HHHX MaiiiHH

rrepe~

KHR3RM

6o-

cTpyHKHX rroJIKiB

(.HpocJiaBa OcMOMHC-

TRrapRMH

36eperJIHCR.

(Bep)KeHbOMH)

YropCbKHH

KOpOJib

BTpyqaBCR B qac JlpOCJiaBa CIIpaBH KHR3iB pyCbKHX: JlpOCJiaB 3aJii3HHMH, To6To

nerro6opHHMH

3aKpHB

BCi

KJIIOqeM

BXO~H

BHXO~H Ha~

TOpriBJii

nerrepeMO*HHMH

KaprraTCbKHX

,IJ:yHa€M,

MaiOqH

rri~rrep

rroJIKaMH, rip;

rHpJIO

KaprraTH,

JlpOCJiaB

piKH

BOJIO~iB

CBOIX

pyKax;

raJIHU:bKi MiCTa KOpHCTyBaJIHCR 3 THX Bi~HOCHH i IIOCHJiaJIH KOpa6Jii i cy~na

Kyrren:hKi

YBa*HO

piKaMH ~o ,IJ:ynaro".

anaJii3yroqn

qac Ta BHKOpHCTOByiOqH

cKa3aHe ~)KepeJia

aBTopoM

, CJioBa"

JiiTOIIHCiB,

rrpo

.HpocJiaBiB

apxeoJioriqHHX MaTepi-

cpe:HCHR, 3a 3e .HAlO Pyc- 3elliiiO PycCKYIO, 3a !HI>' HzocKyw, 3a paHu Hzopeebt, pR, xp:l(iparo C6AmocAacH<a. 6ycco CanmcAaanucc. 'Ftiltm OcMom.IC.Jib5Ipoc.tla6h JlUXKbt 0cMOMbtCAbHpOC6Jul.u,KiK!IIbKXJKO He

(i)

ChiCOKO

CtAmUK

OnHb

ua I1pe-

c"""UTh

3.11aTOKOB3liiiOlln

Ha ceo eM D UamqK qeallllt llh CIIIOJI6. Tbt DO)IIIqJh tqlbl BrncmoA6, IIoiJAep'hwpbtl~ cBOuMu tnJOOIMH *ecxuH hiOH.HH JKCJII3HhiJIIK

Jih31JbiMII, Tbl

3ai}l\l1llii1> nyTb

n.JIKHj 3acmynMn Kopo-Kopo.mo, Tht 3liTBOpiiJI1 )Jyumo AeB» nymb, 3amaopu «5 ooporna, 6pocaJI TJifOCTII

Ypu6oK i3 noeMu 60

.,C!lo-

no!lKY Icope6iM"

iJiRflbHicmb MOMUC!la KH5l3i6Cffl6i

5Ipoc!la6a 6

npo

Oc-

Fa!lUU,bKOMY

J/.yHaw aopoma, AU<a ep;'IpBb o6JiaKa, 11 npOCfllpaJI MCHbt2pC3D oCAaKH, cy,(:t.\acrb CBOIO ,110 TOO p1Kn! pHAflJ(O J(yHaR. Fpo3bl fpoH>e I1M1I TBOe pa3HecJIOCb ffl60R no 3CMRRAD meKy1fiD; achuh 3ffiJIJIMb ; OTommeopRCUlU Kucy zpa- oepnh rniD1 Dytb K1 Ki:ma; cmp n.tlRCutH c3 om Huny, crpeJilleiiib Thi ch OTC3Aama cmoAa C aAmaHx qecKaro 30JIOTaro IlpecwJia ua 3a 3CMARMU. Cmpt.ifiii Co.irraKOBh a13e\lllll ,!laJibHII. TocAOAHUl -Ko:HCaHa, AO~il, 0 rocy,!lllpt.! obKouJI1020 Kout,eR 3a 3e .HAlO P)lYIHCa H ahnmEpmro Kout,eRxyw, 3a paHbt IIwpeBbt 6yezo C BAm c. zaaAuca.

3a 3EMIIIO PyccKYJO, 3a lll'l>' xpa6p3ro Hzopn C anmoc.tlaB:HCa.

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

aJiiB i )J,aHHX MOHOrpac)>iqHHX )J,OCJii)J,MeHh, crrpo6y€MO IIpOKOMeHTyBaTH KOMHY c)>pa3y TBOpy, UJ:O TOpKa€ThCH xapaKTepHCTHKH JiiHHH

OcMOMHCJia

BMe

caMe

MoryTHOCTi

3Bepnennn

raJIHllhKOI

aBTopa

,CJioBa"

qacy rrpaB-

3eMJii.

)J,O

raJIHllhKoro

OcMOMHCJia

JlpOCJiaBa CBi)J,qHTh rrpo MoryTHiCTh llhOrO KHH3H-TeCTH lropH CBHTOCJiaBHqa -

repon rroeMn.

ErriTeT ,OcMOMHcJI",

HKHM na)J,iJIHB iloro aBTop

,CJIOBa", )J,OCJii)J,HHKH TJiyMaqaTh IIO-pi3HOMy: Ma

OCMHCJiaMH-MOBaMH;

IIOJiiTHqHHX Typ6oT;

HhOrO

p03YM iloro

BncJiiB aBTOpa ,CJIOBa" HOMY rrpeCTOJii, 3aCTYIIHBIIIH

eKoHoMiqnoro 3pOCTaJIH

TOJihHHH

IIIJIHX"

rrepio)J,

a6o

BiciM

3aJii3HHMH IIOJIKaMH,

IIOHCHIO€ThCH,

rranyBaHHH B

.HpocJiaBa

Mipy

po36y)J,OByBaJIHCH raJinq,

iJ,YMOK,

BHCOKO CH)J,HIII Ha CBO€MY 30JIOTOKOBa-

rri)J,necennn.

rpa)J,

BiciM

BapTHH p03YMY BiChMOX Ta inrne.

IIi)J,rrepiiiH ropH yropChKi CBOIMH

KOpOJieBi

IIpnKaprraTTH

JlpOCJiaB BOJIO)J,i€ BiChMO-

BO)J,Hoqac

UJ:O

3a3HaJio

peMecJia

TOpriBJii

BHHHKaJIH

EaKOTa,

THM,

OcMOMHCJia

po3BHTKY

icnywqi,

KoJIOMHH,

IIO-IIeprne,

HOBi

IIepeMHIIIJih,

MiCTa:

rrpec-

3BeHnropo)J,,

Tepe6oBJIH, EepJia)J,h, MaJIHH raJinq.

3a )J,aHHMH JiiTorrnciB, HKi IIO)J,a€

B.TaTirneB

,lilcTopnn

TpeThOMY

TOMi

cBo€1

PoccnilcKoil"

3eMJIH,

HKOIO BOJIO)J,iB .HpocJiaB OcMOMHCJI, ,Bo BCeM H3o6nJioBaJia il MHOMHJiacn

CTOpOH JiaCh

JIIO)J,HX, K

HeMy

3eMJIH

CJioBa

)J,aMe

yqeHbie

IIpHXO)J,HJIH

raJIHIIKaH

,BHCOKO TH

XHTpeu;i rpa)J,H

peMeCJieHHHKH

HaCeJIHJIH,

KOTOpHMH

BCeX

o6orarn:a-

BCeM".

CH)J,HIII ... "

03HaqaiOTh Te,

rn:o KpeMJih

MicTa

ra-

Jinqa Ha ,I:(HiCTpi 6yB p03TaiiiOBaHHH Ha rop6i

(Ma€ThCH Ha yBa3i )J,HTH-

Hellh

KpnJIOChKiil

.HpocJiaBa, ChKi",

T06TO

YropChKHM -

6yJia

ropi).

cTpnMana

KaprraTH

6yJIH

KOpOJiiBCTBOM.

BOIHH pyChKi,

HKi MaJIH

IIo-)J,pyre,

arpecin

KOp)J,OHOM

fl oro

MiM

IIHJihHO

3aJii3Hi

aBTop Ha3HBaB lx ,3aJii3HnMn".

rn:e

yropcLKoro

Meqi,

6aTLKa

,ropn

raJIHllhKHM

CTOpOMHJIH

IIIOJIOMH,

BncJiiB

BoJIO)J,HMnpa,

KopoJin,

yrop-

KHH3iBCTBOM

IIOJIKH

JlpOCJiaBa

rranu;epn,

qepe3 UJ:O

,3aqnnHBIIIH na ,UynaEBi Bopo-

Ta ... cy)J,H pH)J,Hqn" BKa3y€ Ha BOJIO)J,iHHH JlpOCJiaBa 0CMOMHCJia B 6aceiiHi piK IIpyTa i 3aKpnBaTH )J,JIH BipHO

inrnnx Kpaln.

iHTeprrpeTy€

po3yMiTH TaK: rn:o

,UnicTpa, rn:o THrHyJincn )J,O )J,eJihTH ,Uynaw, HKY Bin Mir

u;eil

AKa)J,eMiK AH

BHCJiiB:

,Qi

UJ:O JlpOCJiaB B3HB y

iloMy naJieMaJin,

yKpirrJiennn,

CJIOBa,

YPCP I. IIHIIIe

II.

Kpnrr'nKeBnq

BiH,

MOMHa

CBO€ BOJIO)J,iHHH IIO)J,yHaHChKi 3eMJii,

HKi

3aqnnHJIH rnpJio ,Uynaw

(,Bopo-

Ta"), a IIOCTaBJieHi HHMH IIOCa)J,HHKH BHKOHyBaJIH TaM HOrO BJia)J,y (,cy)J,n").

ImocmpoeaHa KoJIH

u;e

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

CTaJIOCH

3HaXO)J,HMO )J,aHHX. MBaBJieHHHM

HKill

c)>opMi,

ToM rrpo

u;e

iHIIIHX )J,MepeJiaX

Hall6iJihiii rrpaB)J,OIIO)J,i6HO IIOB'H3aTH u;i IIO)J,ii' 3 IIO-

IIO)J,yHallChKOrO IIHTaHHH B

1160 poKaX.

M OMe B TOll rrepio)J, Ha)J,)J,yHallChKi MiCTa IIi)J,IIaJIH IIi)), BIIJIHB raJIHllhKOrO

KHH3iBCTBa.

IropeBiM",

To6To

TOll

qac,

rricJIH

Ille na rnpJio ,Uynaro.

KOJIH

1185

6y JIO

poKy,

narrncane

BJia)J,a

, CJioBo

.HpocJiaBa

TaKe TBep)J,MeHHH Ma€

rroJIKY

rrpocTnraJiacn

rri)J, co6o10 ocnoBy.

rroKa3yiOTh icTopnqni c)>aKTH, TepnTopin 6acellHY IlpyTa, ,UnicTpa )J,O rnpJia ,Uynaro,

Ha HKill

6yJIH

niJiropo)J,, .HcbKHll Topr, ro

KHH3iBCTBa

l.illapaHeBnqa, 6yJIH 3aJieMHi 3 6araTHMH pn6oJIOBH MaJIHll BaJIH

20-x

TOBapaMH,

JIOBHJIH

MaJIHll

IIpHB03HJIH

BeJIHKOro 3

,ll,YMKY

rrpoc)>ecopa

3 qexil,

ocepe)J,KaMH.

YropiiiHHH,

aJie BOHH

3 6eperiB

AnaToJiii;

raJIHllhKi

,Uynaro

qopnoro

Mopn.

raJinqa)'

pH,ll,OM

PoMaHiB Topr roBopHTh

,KH)J,aiOqH THrapi

raJinq,

3aJieMHi Bi)J, raJIHllhKO-

cToJiiTTH.

rJin6nnax

3B'H3KH

MiCTa 6yJIH TOprOBHMH paMH

XII

TeKyq,

6yJIH

TyT rrpOXO)J,HJIH KOpa6Jii raJIHllhKHX Kyrru;iB

HKi

pn6y

(KOJIOHiH

Topr,

EepJia)J,h,

u;i 3eMJii TBOpHJIH TO)J,i y,ll,iJihHe KHH3iBCTBO,

ToproBeJILHi

.HchKHll

poKiB

Bi)J, raJinqa.

raJinq

MicTa

PoMaHiB Topr,

Bi3anTil,

EepJia)J,h' TeKyq YTPHMy-

pycLKHX

rpa,ll,iB.

caMi

co6i

BMe

rrpo

CIO)J,H rrpn6yBaJIH

Ha3BH

Te,

KYIIlli

IIIO

u;i

3 TOBa-

IloJILIIIi.

qepe3 XMapn" -

u;ell BHCJiiB y

,CJioBi" HaTHKaB

Ha Te, IIIO IIOJIKH JlpOCJiaBa 6yJIH )J,06pe 036pO€Hi, MaJIH KaTaiiyJihTH, HKi rrpn o6Jio3i MicT, cJ>opTellh BHCOKO

)J,aJieKo

MeTaJIH

Ka-

MiHHH. BHCJiiB aBTOpa €III

,cTpiJIH-

ChKOrO

6aThKiB30JIOToro

rrpeCTOJIY Ha cyJITa niB,

IIIO

HaTHK

3eMJIH-

IIJiaHOBa-

HHll TpeTill xpeCTOBHll

rroxi)J,

<l>pi,ll,pixa

Eap6apoccn

rrpoTH

IloflKU

5lpoc!laea

iJonoMo<y

OcMOMUC!la

o6!loJJCeHoMy

MiHiam10pa

nocniUJaiOmb

no!lOBU,5lMU

Pad3UBiflfliBcbKOco XIII

(XV)

em.

'lepHicoey. flimonucy

BoJtoiJuMup cyJITaHa

HPOII'IECK.II ntcH6

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

CaJia)J,iHa,

1189-1192

rn:o

pp,

Bi)J,6yBB

HKOMY

0 Hi6n,

ll0X0,4'8 HA OOAOB[J.OB'b

Ha iJ,YMKY )J,eHKHX )J,OCJii)J,-

HHKiB, IHH

y,d..\Lli.HO I;IIJIJ.IIfOBAfOPOAA.CiUPCI\.UO

MaJIH

6paTH

ne3rrepeqHo, MaB

yBa3i

KHX

IIOJIKiB

IIOJIOBIIiB,

CT PIIH HbJM .. P)'CC

MIU J31.1l0Mlo

rn:o

Cr•a•c••• f••OrP•+•••

Ki,

euiJaHH5l. a.lK

Ha B

KniB

cToJiiTTi

BTpaTHB

KHIBChKHll BOJIO)J,iB

iH111oro

cBoe

ocHOBHe

,CJioBa"

3HaqeHHH CTiJI

KOJIHIIIHhOIO

,TH

IIOXO)J,aX.

II iB)J,eHHO I

BXO)J,HJIH B

IIOXO)J,H,

IIOJIOBIIi

raJIHIIh-

1183, 1185 HKi

6JIHCKyqHMH

3aKiH-

rrepeMora-

6yJIH

<J>eo)J,aJihHOI Mi.lKyco6nu;i

CTapiiiHM B

raJIHIIhKe

KHH3H

IIOJIKH",

Bi)J,3HaqHJIHCH

Bi)J,KHHyTi

,UoHeu;L.

rrpoxo)J,HJia

OcMOMHCJia.

HKi

pp.

MH,

BHacJii)J,oK

BBa.lKaBCH

rrpecToJI

qnJIHCH

1800

BeJIHKOKHH3iBChKHll

KH€BOM

TOll

UJ:O

rraHyBaHHH

rroJIKH

3)J,illCHHJIH

1187

nepUio<o

MocKea,

CiBepchKHll

XII

f2opeBiM ".

qac

My.ltd"

6 'e)J,HaHi

Pyci,

110~

cmopiHKa

IIpOTH

rOBOpHTh,

aHTHIIOJIOBellhKHX

MOC·KBA

TumyJtbHa

raJIHIIh-

IIOXO)J,aX

,raJIHIIhKi

nO!lKY

,CJIOBa"

XO)J,HThcH". JliTOIIHCHi )J,aHi CBi)J,qaTh,

aBTOp yqacTh

KOJIH

JlpOCJiaBa

,C!lOBO

BO-

,cTpaxn Bi)J, Te6e rro 3eMJii po3-

n •cro.4a u cro .. anz

e&.

yqaCTh

.HpocJiaBa.

qac

Ocb

BoJIO)J,HMHpKa

KniBChKHll

qacTO

cTiJI.

BopoTa

CHJIY,

,UaBHhOpyChKOI qoMy Ta

lloro

cnHa

u;ell

.HpocJiaBa

rrpHXO)J,Y

03Haqae

XTO

)J,ep.lKaBH

Toro

BHCJIOBJIIOBaHHH

KneBy"

aJie

6opOTb6a

crrpHHJIO

ToMy

rpa)J,

MicTaM pycLKHM",

IIpHTHraJihHY

CTOJIHIIeiO

KHH3eM.

KHH3iBCTBO

Bi)J,KpnBa€111

,MaTepi

MaB

CTOJihHHll

aBTopa

lloro

rri)J,KO-

peHHH. III,e

raJIHIIhKHll

MiiiHHll

COI03

HOBHHKOM KHH3eM. IOpill

KHH3h

BoJIO)J,HMHpKo

CY3)J,aJihChKHM

MocKBH,

KHH3eM

)J,OIIOMir

llOMY

CHMBOJiiqHo

3ByqHTh

TOll

,UoJiropyKHll

raJIHIIhKHll

(1141-1152 IOpieM

1150

lj>aKT,

pou;i

UJ:O

BoJIO)J,HMHpKo

pp.)

yBilliiiOB

,UoJiropyKHM, cTaTH

CBOIMH

3aC-

KniBChKHM

CY3)J,aJihChKHll 3i

KHH3h

rroJIKaMH

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

1150 pouj BCTYIIHJIH B KniB ro

3YCTpiJIHCH Ha MOrHJii OJiera -

o6'e)J,HaHOI Pyci.

KHH3H

ToM

IIicJIH

o;Loro .HpocJiaB

HOpa30BO )J,OIIOMaraB CBOIM HaH6JIH.lKqHM KHH3HM

rreprno-

OcMOMHCJI

3aHMaTH

HeO)J,-

KniB .

.He-

KpaBHM IIpHKJia)J,OM IlhOrO CTaJia BiHChKOBa )J,OIIOMOra JlpOCJiaBa BOJIO)J,HMHpChKOMY

KHH3eBi

McTHCJiaBoBi

13ncJiaBoBnqy

3aHHHTH

KniB

1170 poo;i. JlpOCJiaB HaKa3aB CBOIM IIOJIKaM CTOHTH IIi)], KH€BOM, IIOKH He 3aKpiiiHThCH 3aBeprnye

M CTHCJiaB Ha CTOJihHOMY TpOHi.

CBOIO

TaJiaHOBHTY

IIOeMy

aBTOp

,CJIOBa"

3aKJIHKOM:

,CTpiJIHH, rocrro)J,apro, Ha KoHqaKa, rroraHoro pa6a, 3a 3eMJIIO PychKy, 3a )J,O

paHH IropeBi, xopo6poro CBHTOCJiaBnqa", To6To 3BepTa€ThCH

.HpocJiaBa

rroJIKaMH CBOIO

3eMJii

JIHIIIe

XOpo6po

BHCTYIIHTH

rroJioBeiiLKoro

rrepeMory

PycLKiil MOBa

OcMOMHCJia

rrpoTH

6HJIOCH

Ha)J,

xaHa

pycnqaMH

CBOIMH

KoHqaKa,

KaHJii,

KYJILTYPY·

rrpo

yce

lropH,

rrpo

BHKopncTaBIIIH

p03IIYCTHB

HHIIIHTh II HaceJieHHH,

3 rroraHIIHMH,

rrpnKaprraTChKHMH

HKHH,

3arOHH

TyT Bnpa3HO

3paHeHe

BiHChKO,

110 H)J,e HKe

aJie B HepiBHOMY 6010 3HeMOrJIO.

3aKJIHK aBTOpa BHHBHBCH He)J,apeMHHM. IlpOTH IIOJIOBIIiB 6yJIH CllpHMOBaHi o6'e)J,HaHi CHJIH pyChKHX BOIHiB, i BOHH B 3aB)J,aJIH IM pirnyqoi rropa3KH.

1185 Ta 1187 poKaX

B u;nx rrepeMO.lKHHX

rroxo)J,ax Bi)J,3Ha-

qnJIHCH i

raJIHIIhKi IIOJIKH, HKi B.lKe KOTpHH pa3 o6'e)J,HaHHMH CHJiaMH

rpoMHJIH

He6e3rreqHoro

Bopora.

Po3KpnTi HaMH cTopiHKH icTopii IIpnKaprraTTH, TaK o6pa3HO i xy)J,o.lKHhO OCIIiBaHi B ,CJioBi 0 IIOJIKY lropeBiM", HaoqHo IIOKa3yiOTh 0613HaHiCTh aBTOpa TBOpy 3 icTOpHqHHMH

rrpoo;ecaMH

Ha Pyci B cepe)J,HHi cToJiiTTH, TH3M

iloro

XII

rraTpio-

B6oJiiBaHHH

)J,OJIIO pi)J,HOrO KpaiO. JlyHae roJioc.

.HpocJiaBHH

.HpocJiaBHa

Hi.lKHa, i1,py.lKHHa

poMaHTHqHa HOBropo)J,-Ci-

BepChKOro KHH3H ConTocJiaouqa

Iropn

(1151- 5IpocJtaB

1201), repOH CJiaBeTHOro

TBopy

)J,aBHhopycL-

iJpy:J~CuHo/0

OcMOMUC!l

Kueea

Ta!lulfa.

Pad3UBiflfliBcbKOi!O

Jtimonucy

noeepmaembc5l

MiHiam10pa XIII

(XV)

em.

BoJtoiJuMup

KOI JiiTepaTypn.

Brreprne II iM'H rrpo3ByqaJio na cTopinKax ,CJioBa o

IropeBiM".

IIOJIKY

Brreprne

orry6JiiKoBano

BH)J,aHHH

3arrncano:

MyMeii

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

CBOHX.

qepe3

600

noro

,PyccKiH

JilropeBa

poKiB

1800

TBip

pou;i.

MeHhi

cyrrpyra

o;eil

6y JIO

rrepe)J,MOBi

orrJiaKHBaiOT

KHHrHHH

BHHBJieHO. )J,O

cMepTh

Elj>pOCHHHH

o;Loro

IIJieH

(iJ,Oqh

KHH3H

.HpocJiaBa BJia)J,HMHpOBHqa raJinqcKoro)' OCTaBIIIHCh B IlyTHBJie' B03HOCHTh MaJI06HhiH rOJIOC CBOH TO K BeTpy, TO K COJIHIIY, TO K peKe ,Unerrpy". 3

llhOrO

KOpOTKOrO

)J,lKepeJia B3HTO)

IIOBi)J,OMJieHHH

)J,OBi)J,y€MOCH, IIIO o;e

.HpocJiaBa OcMOMHCJia i

(HeBi)J,OMO

HKOrO

6yJia )J,OqKa raJIHllhKOrO

KHH3H

noro iJ,PYMHHH

0JILrn

po-cy3)J,aJihChKoro KHH3H IOpin ,UoJiropyKoro. nin

napO)J,HJiaCH

cToJiiTTH.

TyT,

IOHiCTh, a B qa,

BOHa

raJinqi

rrpoBeJia

)J,oqKn

BOJIO)J,HMH-

II iM'H 6yJio €<J>pocn-

rrpn6JIH3HO

IIpnKaprraTTi,

TiJihKH,

XII

60-x

poKax

Bona

cBoe

)J,HTHHCTBo,

1184 pou;i CTaJia i1,pyroiO i1,pylKHHOIO IropH CBHTOCJiaBH-

HOBropo)J,-CiBepChKOro

KHH3H,

rrepeiXaJia

raJinqa

TY)J,H.

OCKiJihKH BOHa 6yJia )J,OqKOIO JlpOCJiaBa 0CMOMHCJia, HKHH 6yB Bi)J,OMHM )J,iHqeM IliB)J,eHH0-3axi)J,HOI Pyci, TO aBTOp ,CJIOBa" )J,JIH Ha)J,aHHH Iii

6iJihiiiOI rrorry JIHpnocTi

Ili)J,

iMeHeM

,IIJiaqe

Ha3HBaB .HpocJiaBHOIO

JlpocJiaBHH

BOHa B

BOHa

yBiHIIIJia

IlyTHBJii-ropo)J,i,

MiChKiH

(no

iMeni

6aTLKa).

,CJIOBO".

OCKiJihKH

CTini",

o;e

03Haqae,

IIIO TO)J,iiiiHiH IlyTHBJih 6yB )J,06pe yKpirrJieHHM MiCTOM. I KOJIH IIOJIOBlli

rricJIH po3rpoMy rroJIKiB

Iropn rriiiiJIH na Pych, .HpocJiaBna rrepe-

6paJiacn 3 HoBropo)J,-CiBepcLKoro B me

6iJihiii

6e3rreqne Micu;e.

BIJJ: BOJI OJJ:llMllPA 51POCJIABllqA JJ:O POMAHA MCTllCJIABllqA icJIH

cMepTi .HpocJiaBa

OcMOMHCJia rri)J,cTyrrni raJIHllhKi

6o-

npn rropyrnnJIH rrpncnry, rro36aBHJIH HacTacnnoro cnna OJiera KHHlKOrO BoJIO)J,HMHpa. JiiTorrnceo;L:

llhOro

, II o

raJIHllhKiH 3eMJii, rrepecTyiiHBIIIH

TpOHY

IIOCTaBHJIH

rroqaBCH

cMepTi

3aKOJIOT y

.HpocJiaBoBiii

HhOrO

3aKOHHOrO

raJIH~,

6yB

rrpo

3aKoJioT

CHHa

HKHH

IIHCaB

BeJIHKHH

6o raJIHllhKi MyMi, Ha)J,yMaBIIIH 3 BoJIO)J,HMHpOM

xpecne

o;iJiyBaHHH,

BHrHaJIH

OJiera

raJinqa.

B (i)

BTiK

ImocmpoeaHa OJier

icmopi5l

3Bi)J,TH...

raJIHqi

AJie iJ,YMH

IIpuKapnammR.

)J,O

CTOJii

PropnKa

)J,i)J,a

BoJIO)J,HMHp,

He JII06HB

IIIH )J,e lKOHY, llle paHilll)

a6o

HenpaB)J,HBi,

OTIVI

CBOIMH"

qn10 )J,OqKy,

CJIOBaMH

BiH

BoJIO)J,HMHp

,JII06HB BiH nHTH

npOBO)J,HTH, )1,0 TOrO lK,

6paB

ciB

CBOHOrO".

3a cJioBaMH JiiTonHCIIH,

nona MOHY i 3a

(PocTHCJiaBnqa),

CBOHOrO

MylKaMH

ToM

(II)

HaCHJihHO.

3po6HB co6i MOHOIO."

6araTo,

,yno)J,o6aB-

B3HB BiH

(6yB

IIocnJiaroqnch Ha TaKi

JiiTOnHCIIH,

pHCH KHH3H, iCTOpHKH HeraTHBHO OWHIOBaJIH

IIhOrO

npaBHTeJIH

raJIHIIh-

KOrO KHH3iBCTBa. TaK, MnKoJia KocTOMapoB nHCaB, Ill 0 KO

niMaBcH

IIeH KHH3h IIIBH)J,-

cyBopoMy

cy)J,y

Biqa 3a

CBOIO CnOKYCJIHBY noBe)J,iHKy, BiH 6yB Bi)J,)J,aHHH

nHHIITBy,

JII06HB

HHKiB,

(BaJITyBaB

qylKHX

)J,oqoK,

B3HB

B i1,pylKHHH

)1,10

co6i

Bi)J, lKHBOrO

Hew

)],BOX

i1,pylKHH

qoJIOBiKa i

CHHiB".

pa)J,i

nona-

HalKHB

AKa)J,eMiK

Mn-

xaiiJio rpyllleBChKHH Ha3HBa€ lie ,He-

aKa-

nopH)J,HHM ciMeHHHM lKHTTHM", a )J,eMiK

IBaH

MyBaB,

Kpnn'nKeBnq

lliO

BoJIO)J,HMHp

HiKqeMHHM 3

KHH3eM",

6oHpChKOIO

ryJihHe

,BHHBHBCH

iJ,YMOIO

CTBep)J,-

paxyBaBCH

,Ta

BiB

p03-

Mcmuc;weulf

PoMaH

lKHTTH".

Fa!lUU,bKO- Bo!lUHCbKOi!O ~:~e

Bee BaMH

BHKopncTaJio,

rpyllleBChKOrO,

6oHpCTBO"

BoJIO)J,HMHp

HK nHIIIe

(nona)J,IO)

ill",

cno)J,iBaiOqHCh i

Bca)J,HB

BoJIHHChKHH

lKHBYTh

KHH3iBChKHH AJie

raJIHIIhKY

30JIOTa

yTiK

ni)J,TpHMKY, B

6a111Ty

KH5l3iecmea.

!cop

npo

CBOrO

cpi6Jia

YroplliHHY

aJie

KOpOJih

MOHOIO

McTHCJiaBnq,

CBOIM, y

,nOBCTaJIO

B3HBIIIH

CHHiB

PoMaH

npeCTOJI

KHH310BaB

3arap6aB

(i)

noro

KHH3eM

XydoJICHUK

JiiTOnHCellh,

)],BOX

KHH3h

cJio-

,BCeBJia)J,He

,y6oHBIIIHCh

CBOIO

)J,o6nToK

noro

noro".

,lllo

MyMi

KHH3H",

6araTo,

)1,0

KOpOJIH

,CHJIOMillh

io)J,i MOHY neJIH

O)J,HHB

Ta KOJIH )J,OBi)J,aBcH raJIHIIhKi He)J,o6pe

HaCHJihCTBO"'

3anpOCHBCH

raJIHqi.

raJIHqi 3eMJIIO

He)J,OBro, noca)J,HB

60 y

yropChKHH

raJIHqi

KOpOJih

TpOH

CBOrO

neJia CHHa

BoJtoiJuMup

A mbt ~ii PoMaucM-1 ~Manh £t'PUBOK

• I xp_afipa""Milltf'A~jaib, KOe'tU ea'JIyM]ip.n{ltjiiJIJ;(}vb ua DQllBbtCOKO • t. iacot~'IUial'f;/;,~•rnaeeb 'hyecum, llKWetJ~O~"Il'llb CBOttmotrb m: :pJlJlCJt,pX'f}ttfJlOJiy, HaoboJlffl 11- U(IO & fiy_ii CfftfJFMlfr:!.YCSI H Kh OJIOAimu. Cymz fio y~llJ""Ll 6LICTpO cnucJICelli'iMUL JlQJlO ~Sib 20 rt'(f Jian.•

CAa6i ( <<

Bairn MLilMl

Fpa6oeeu,bKUi1

noeMu lcopeeiM"

YI8ep-nom<:y

CJWBY

KH5l35l

Fa!lUU,bKO- Bo-

o6'eiJHyealfa JlUHCbKOcO

npo

PoMaHa

KH5l3iecmea

oiJHy

Be!lUKY

KH5l:JICY

iJep:J~CaBy

yKpaiitCbKY

(1199 p.)

'F X"~h3:LIJI no.11,~ ·mJieMaMH Jla-

JY:'~U

iJlP.ccn)/,e:uR'

THHCKHMH.

MoTpJICJiacL ornh

• Jl JlHOJ._H cmpa!l'lfl: Jrtr... H Maoru CTpanoca. ,/..J,nmc.a, Jl''llt:tmm:'if-e-HTBJlpeMc.za' U 11QJl0'fJI('1f'CJ'Jllfw. HLl noW> CBOJl noBphbt'llftl'fW'e'Jl'lf!.U'Jl, HO!IBbt CBOJl noKAOHTfllllll JNJJlfb... " "!» 08

Tl>

MetiH

6yJiaTHLie.

}lo .li,JIJI

mu't Ainll xapaAyJICnuii. IJe.m.tKii.i KKH..iB Po.&aH\,

( 0

npontBb 1IHTBH, eTBIO ,

THB

nWI"

HHBT»-

Cir-OOb

XO,IJ;B CBOCI'O, H

:MM:la(CCIIID

;::J;Bca,~I,

HIIIIIb

paciipocaipsiil\vii.

eMY.

DpOJIUBOCrcamL

Jiuia<:EHH

I10 soripJI-"'-cMiu

<:Hb 1 1 9 ceJ-.aMi R>

Irro3eMIJj

;i >• .. '.'.•

rroqaJIH

rrro6nTH

rre3a)J,oBoJierrrrn cepe,11, rraceJierrrrn i ,Qe

qyMHrriJ;i

CH 3a rre'i".

nab IX3

DJiaBKiB. 0 .nh cero npauayia:ria »-b liHr-

j.rr, J'O.HOht. ·

si -«oc.TIOIJUYB (

Arr,11,pin.

~ HMH

oayccantCllle

CMiJii

iaa oi:ib nero • yopLiBoJniCB ;J,

pa6arM:

KlHBH P'aerrJc.rmma BHuii'

Cvii :Kua:ti:_ Bb 1173 ro,IJy, »-b np<::maJUI.CH.C :EJ:::I-DV\1 caoc;'t

3aHrrHJIH

rrarny

oprw&.

rrpnKaprraTIJ;iB,

BHKJIHKaJio

rraBiTh caMi 6onpn KnrryJIH racJio:

6aThKiBIJJ;Hrry -

Tpe6a BaM IIOTpy,li,HTH-

To,11,i "' raJIHIJ;hKi 6onpn, mo6 rro36yTncn yrpiB, 3po6nJIH

crrpo6y 3arrpocnTH rra raJIHIJ;hKHH Tporr cnrra IBarra EepJia)J,rrHKa PocTHCJiaBa,

HKHH ,i rrpn'ixaB ... )1,0 YKpa'irrn raJIHIJ;hKOI i B3HB )J,Ba ropO,li,H

raJIHIJ;hKi,

3Bi)J,TH

IIiiiiOB )1,0

raJinqa".

AJie irrrne yrpyrryBarrrrn raJIHIJ;hKHX 6onp BHCTYIIHJIO rrpoTH rrpeTerr)J,errTa,

HKHH B

6o10

3 6onpaMH

yrpaMH

6yB

BaMKO

,rrpHKJiaJIH 3iJIJIH cMepTeJILrre ,11,0 iloro parr" rrHJIH

if oro

pOKOM

raJinqi.

3ra)J,y€ThCH

rrarnoro 3a

U:iKaBO'

BIIeprne

IJJ;O B

rroparrerrnil.

yMepTBHJIH i

rroxopo-

KHIBChKOMY JiiTorrnci rri)J,

,YKpa'irra

raJIHIJ;hKa",

T06TO

Yrpn

1189

TepHTOpiH

IIpnKaprraTTH.

Toil

yropChKOI,

qac 3YMiB BoJIO,li,HMHp .HpocJiaBnq BHpBaTncn 3 rreBoJii 4 ,BeMi KaM'nrro'i ', ,rropi3aBIIIH IIIaTpO, 3BHB co6i BiphOBKY

CIIYCTHBCH HiMeqqnrrn.

3Bi)J,TH

)J,O)J,OJiy"

)J,OIIOMOrOIO

CTOpOMiB,

BTiK

)1,0

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

3a rri)J,TpHMKOIO iMrrepaTopa <l>pi)J,pixa o6io;HB )J,aBaTH BeJIHKY CYMY rporneil ro KHH3H

Ka3HMHpa

ToM

Eap6apoccn

(HKOMY rn:opiqrro

2 THCHqi rpHBeHb) Ta IIOJihChKO-

CrrpaBe)J,JIHBOro BiH IIOBeprryBCH )1,0 raJinqa.

I, HK

IIHIIIe JiiTOIIHCellh, ,raJIHllhKi My.ltd 3YCTpiJIH HOrO 3 pa)J,iCTIO BeJIHKOIO", BHrHaJIH yropChKHX OKyiiaHTiB" i BoJIO)J,HMHp ciB Ha CTOJii )J,i)J,a CBOHOrO

6 ceprrrrn 1189 poKy. Birr rriMaBcH

i OTIIH cBoiloro rra CrraciB )J,errL" -

rri)J, orriKy cy3)J,aJihChKoro KHH3H BceBoJio)J,a IOpiiloBnqa i raJinqi'', )J,e

rrpaBHB

ne3rrepeqrro,

raJIHllhKHM

o;iKaBO

3HaTH,

KHH310BaB

BoJIO)J,HMHp i,

rra Hhoro

(rroxo)J,iB)

IIOIIa)J,IO,

arriKoro".

Terrep

UJ:O

llhOMY

HK 3aiiHCaHO y

pa)J,i

,yTBep)J,HBCH B

10 poKiB.

KHH3iBCTBOM o;iJIHX

CIIpHHJIO,

JiiTOIIHCi,

UJ:O

TaK

MHpHO

,Bi)J,TO)J,i He 6yJIO

II epe)J, THM 6onpn 3acy)J,.lKyBaJIH iloro

6yJIH

HOrO

KHH310BaHHIO.

BH)J,HO,

BOHH

CBi)J,OMO rrepe)J, THM TaK qnHHJIH, UJ:06 IIpHHH3HTH HOrO BJia)J,y, OCKiJihKH

BoJIO)J,HMHp

rroqaTKY

pa)J,HBCH

6a.lKaJIH 3Merrrnerrrrn iloro BIIJIHBy. rraBMHCHOIO. AKa)J,eMiK E. 0.

FaJIUU,bKo-Bo!lUHCbKUCi Kueey P10puKa

KH5l3b HaCU!lbHO

Pocmuc!laBuHa

MiHiam10pa

6onpaMH,

HKi

llhOMY

Ben 3aTiH rrpoTH Hhoro 6onp 6yJia

Pn6aKoB Biprro rri)J,MiTHB, rn:o TYT 6onpn

PoMaH

nocmpuc Cioco

Pa(J3ueiflfliBcbKOi!O

cnpo6y ceoco

JKOHY flimonucy

nidKopumu

Fa!lUH

mecm5l

dOHKY

XIII

lfepHeU,mBO.

(XV)

CT.

BoJtoiJuMup

IIOBCTaJIU He

TaK

)1,03BOJIUTU

cMepTID

IIaHyBaHHH TaK

3p06UJia

IIOJiiTuqHy

HpocJiaBuqa KHH3iBCTBi

)J,JIH

MoryTHOCTi

raJIUII,hKOI

1198

)J,UHaCTii

3MiiJ,HeHHH

raJIUII,hKOro

apeHy

IIOIIa)J,i,

)J,JIH

TOro,

UJ:06

CaMOBJia)J,HUM.

raJIUII,hKOMY

6araTO

BoJIO)J,UMUpOBOI

6yTU

BoJIO)J,UMupa

IIOJiiTuqHol

IIpOTU

KHH3ID

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

po11,i

IIOCUJieHHH

KHH3iBCTBa

3eMJii

3aKiHquJioch

PocTUCJiaBuqiB,

eKOHOMiqHOI

XII

BUXO)J,UTh

HKa

CTOJiiTTi.

O)J,UH

HaUCUJihHi-

IIIUX )J,inqiB Ha Bciu TO)J,iiiiHiii Pyci BOJIO)J,UMupchKUH KHH3h PoMaH McTucJiaBuq,

HKUU

QuM BoJIUHi TpOHi,

rn:e

pa3oM

poKiB

qacTuHa

CBOIMU

IIOJIKaMU

3arroqaTKyBaBIIIU

HOBuqiB.

119 8

IIpOBO)J,UB

TUM

OBOJIO)J,iTU

rri)J,TpuMaJia

raJiuq

)J,UHacTiiD

rroqaJIOCH

30BHiiiiHID

HaMaraBCH

6onp

BCTYIIUB

HOBY

poKy

My)J,py

rrepe)J,

raJIUIJ,hKUX

ciB

BHyTpiiiiHID

IIOJiiTUKY,

Ilpo

Hhoro

BUHBUJiacn

IIIupoKo TaKa

IIo-rrepiiie, BeJIUKY

,BeJIUKUM

BeJiuKa

PoMaH

)J,epMaBy

Bi)J,

30BHiiiiHhOI

Ilo-)J,pyre, 6onp,

UJ:O

,3arHaB y

PoMaH

BeJIU

IIo-TpeT€,

BiH

PocTUCJiaBuqa,

yTuxoMupuB

KuiB

PoMaH

cBiii

HaCUJihHO

aHTUIIOJIOBeiJ,LKi

po11,i

PychKiii

3eMJii". B

o6'€)J,HaB

HKa

qoMy

O)J,HY

ycTyrraJia

o6'€)J,HaHHH

3aXUCTY

BOIHiB,

3MiiJ,HUJio

o6'€)J,HaHOI Tepu-

3MycuB TOM

IIOCTpUr

iioro cTaJiu

AJie

cepe)J,HiX

KUIBChKoro

PoMaHa.

KUIBChKUMU

KOJIU

qacTuHy TUX

HUX,

BeJiuKux

KopMUJihquqiB,

!1,pi6HUX

)J,aJii

KHH3H

rri)J,KOpUTU

6onp,

PropuKa

raJiuq

CBO€-

OcTaHHiii Burrepe)J,UB

rroJIKaMu

KHH3H i

3aiiHHB

PropuKa

3peKTUCH

IIpO)J,OBMyBaB

11,eii

KuiBUJ:UHY, BeJiu-

iHTpuryBaTU,

qeHIJ,i.

Bi)J,oMi

)J,Ba

MiCT.

crrpo6u

IIIupoKo rroxo)J,u.

3HaqHy

HKUU HaMaraBCH

BIIJIUB

CTOJia,

IIo-qeTBepTe,

BiH

Yroprn:uHy", MiiJ,HO orruparoquch )J,JIH

rroxi)J, Ha

raJIUIJ,hKUMU

rri)J,

PoMa-

HaUMoryT-

KpaiHax.

3eMJii,

)J,eHKUX

BepCTBU

CBoro TeCTH,

KOKHH3iBChKOrO

iHIIIi

roTyBaBcH

B3HB

rrpu6opKaTu

)J,epMaBU

rroxi)J,

caM

1199

Ha)J,iHHOMY

MY BIIJIUBY i i

Eap6apoccu.

(IIo)J,iJIJIH)

raJiuqi.

arpecil. 3YMiB

CBO€l

MyMiB

PoMaHa?

MiMyco6UIJ,h,

IIoHU33H

IJ,eHTpaJii3aiJ,ii rpa)J,ChKUX

)1,0

CTaB

,IJ,apeM B

BoJIUHChKY

<l>pi)J,pixa

BiH

3a iHIIIUMU )J,Mepe-

€BporreiichKUX

McTucJiaBuq

CIIpUHJIO Topil

3acJiyra

raJIUII,hKY

po3MipaMu )J,epMaBi

KHH3eM"'

3aroBopuJiu

KHH3iBChKOMY

3eMJii

PoMaHa

HiiiiUM ,BiKorroMHUM caMo)J,epMaBIJ,eM Bci€1 Pyci". JiaMu uoro TUTYJIYIDTh

raJIUII,hKiii

KHH3IDBaHHH

raJiuqeM.

PoMaHa

HUX

Pyci

cTaJiu

uoro

HeO)J,Hopa3oBi

HaiiBaMJIUBiiiiuMu.

ImocmpoeaHa

120 2

icmopi5l

pouj

BiH

IlpuKapnammR.

BHpyiiiHB

,B3HB Be.ltd IIOJIOBellhKi i

IIOJIOBellhKi

ToM

CTeiiH

HK IIHIIIe

JiiTOIIHCellh,

IIpHBiB 6araTO 6paHu;iB i iJ,YIII XpHCTHHHChKHX

BeJIHKY CHJIY BH3BOJIHB Bi)J, HHX; i 6y Jia pa)J,iCTh BeJIHKa B PychKill 3eMJii".

1204

KoqoBHma

pou;i

PoMaH

opraHi3yBaB

6araTO IX IIOJIOHHB.

3HMOIO

CaMe

u;e

KHH3iB aBTOp

rroJioBeiiLKi

raJIHIIhKO-BOJIHH-

ChKOro JiiTOIIHCY OCIIiBy€ llOrO BHCOKOXY)J,O.lKHiMH CJIOBaMH, JIIO ,BiH 60 KHHYBCH 6yB Ha rroraHHX, HK TOll JieB,

cep)J,HTHll .lKe 6yB, HK TOll pHCh,

i ry6HB (lx), HK TOll KpOKO)J,HJI, i rrepeXO)J,HB 3eMJIIO IX, HK TOll opeJI, a XOpo6pHll

6yB,

MoHoMaxa,

TOll

Typ,

rrory6nB

BHIIa)J,KOBO rroJioBeiiLKi

BiH

rroraHHX

peBHO

i3MaiJihTHH",

0JihrOBHqiB,

HKi

KiB,

rrpeTeH)J,yBaJIH Pyci i

mo6 )J,OMOrTHCh

To6To

rrpe)J,Ka

CBOrO

rroJIOBIIiB.

xaHH JIHKaJIH PoMaHoM cBolx )J,iTell.

IIo-rr'nTe, BiH 3YMiB rrepexnTpHTH

)J,eHH0-3axi)J,Hill

HaCJii)J,yBaB

qepHiriBChKHX KHH3iB 3 )J,HHacTil

6e3p03)J,iJihHe

IIaHyBaHHH

IliB-

3apyqaJIHCh )J,OIIOMororo Bi)J, yropu;iB Ta rroJIH-

rri)J,KOpeHHH

CBOlll

BJia)J,i

caMoro

raJinqa.

Ilo-IIIOCTe, MoryTHiCTh raJIHIIhKO-BOJIHHChKOI )J,ep.lKaBH B qacH KHH310BaHHH PoMaHa cTaJia Bi)J,oMa B

€Bporri.

BiH rri)J,TpHMyBaB Miu;Hi 3B'H3KH

3 YropmHHOIO, IloJILmero, Bi3aHTiero. Y PoMaHa rnyKaB 3axncTy Bi3aHTill-

If, BaltH IlJtaH

cmapoeuHHOco

Fa!lu1.fa

(3a

JI.

'fa1.fK03CbKUM)

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa 6oeeu, bJW i1

ChKHH iMrrepaTop OJieKciil III AnreJI, HKoro BHrHaJIH i3 KoncTaHTHHO-

1204 pouj xpecTonocu;i. HaBiTh Ilarra InoKeHTiil III, iniu;iaTop

rroJIH y

qeTBepToro xpecToBoro rroxo~y

II o- ChOMe, BOJIHHChKi

Bin

3eMJii,

lj>aKTnqno rroJihChKi

raJIHllhKOrO

Bi~6HBaB

BMiJio aJie

rri~KopHB

KHH3i -

Be~JIHBoro,

1204 poKy, rrporronyBaB PoMany Kopo-

3 u;ino Micino BHCHJiaB ~0

JiiBChKY KOpOHY i

rn:e

6iJihiii

HKHM

PoMaH

HaCTyiiaB

rrepe~

HHM

6yB

co103i.

TaK

rrJieMeH

~eHKi

TpeMTiJIH Ka3HMHpa

cJiaBa

HTBHriB

rrpo

CrrpaPoMana

IIIHpHJiaCH.

KH€BOM,

3eMeJIL,

JIHTOBChKHX

KpaKiBChKoro KHH3H

BJiyqno rri~MiTHB aKa~eMiK E. Jio~iB

nacKOKH ycrriiiiHO

BJia~i,

cBolil

rrpoTHBHHKH

raJIHqa CBOrO JieraTa.

0. Pn6aKoB, rn:o KOJIH PoMaH oBo-

TO B iforo pyKaX BHHBHBCH BeJIHKHH KyceHh

piBHHH

CBnrn:enniil

PychKHX

PHMChKiil iMrrepil <l>pi~pixa Eap6apoccn.

Ta, Ha MaJih, IIi~ qac O~Horo i3 IIOXO~iB Ha ~OIIOMory IIOJihChKOMY rri~

(19 qepBHH 1205 poKy) B nepiBHOMY 6o10

KHH3eBi PoMaH 3arnnyB

3aBHXOCTOM na BicJii y IloJILrn:i. Bin Bi~JiyqnBcH Bi~ cBoro Ta6opy i3 neBeJIHKHM

3aronoM,

rrepeBe3JIH raJinqi,

~aHHMH

BoJio~HMHpi

U:H

iloro

rroxopoHHJIH,

paiiTOBa

oToqnJIH 3a

rroJIHKH

IIOJihChKOro

B6HJIH.

Cy3~aJihChKoro

orrncoM

xponicTa

Rna

TiJio

iloro

JiiTorrncy,

,UJiyroiiia

BH~aTHOrO

KHH3H

BoJIHHi. CMepTh

IIO~aJihiiii

rrepepBaJia

IIJiaHH

PoMana. AJie cJiaBa rrpo Hhoro rrpoKOTHJiacn roMOHOM no Pyci i €BporreilchCrrpaBe~JIHBO IIHCaB rrpo HhOrO Bi~OMHH

KHX KpaiHaX.

pociHChKHH iCTO-

pHK TaTirn:eB y cBolil ,lilcTopHH PoccnilcKoil ... ": ,Ceil PoMaH McTHCJiaBHq

OHYK

13HCJiaBiB

3picT

6yB

xoqa

~ylKe

BeJIHKHH,

aJie

IIIHpOKHH i IIOHa~Mipy CHJihHHH; 3 JIHIIH rapHHH, oqi qopni, Hie BeJIHKHH 3 rop6oM, BOJIOCCH qopHe i KOpOTKe; BeJihMH HpHH 6yB y rHiBi; 3aiiHHaBCH, KOJIH cep~HBCH, ~OBrO He Mir CJIOBa BHMOBHTH; 6araTO BeCeJIHBCH 3 BeJihMOMaMH, aJie rr'HHHM niKOJIH ne 6yB. lKO~Ha

HHM

BHIIpaBH; MaJIHM

Haifrraqe

CBOIM

6yB

(u;e)

po36HB.

rrepeMOr 3~o6yB, JIHIIIHiM

BOJIO~iJia.

BoiH BiH

Yce

6yB

IIOKa3aB, MHTTH

EaraTLox MiHoK JII06HB, aJie

xopo6pHH KOJIH

cBoe

KoJIH

iiiiOB

BMiJIHH Ha BiHChKOBi

Biilnax

a B O~HiH 6yB rrepeMOlKeHHH.

CTpaiiiHHH.

yrpiB

BeJIHKe

BiHChKO

rrpoBo~HB,

6araTo

q epe3 Te BCiM HaBKO-

IIOJIHKiB,

CKa3aB:

,A6o

IIOJIHKiB IIO~OJiaiO i rri~KOpiO, a6o CaM He Bepnych!" I 36yJIOCH OCTaHH€". MnxaHJIO rpyiiieBChKHH IIHCaB rrpo PoMana: rpi3noro,

MoryTHhOro,

HKHH

HiKOMY

,CJiaBa KHH3H CHJihHOro,

II03BOJIHTh

iforo

JierKOBalKHTH,

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

niniJia npo PoMana ne TiJihKH no Bciil YKpalni, a il no cyci)J,nix )J,ep.lKaBax; TaK Bi)J,3HBaiOThCH

npo HhOrO

cyqacni

nHChMeHHHKH rpeu;hKi,

nOJihChKi".

AKa)J,eMiK I. II. Kpnn'nKeBnq BHCOKO ou;inroe )J,iHJihHicTh PoMana: ,B Toil qac

PoMaH

cTaB

naiiMoryraiiiiHM

niB)J,ennopycLKHX

KHH3iB

6iJILIIIe

3Haqennn MaB JIHIIIe BOJIO)J,HMnpo-cy3)J,aJihChKHH KHH3h BceBOJIO)J, IOpiiloBnq,

HKOMY

ni)J,KOpHJIHCH

Bci

niBniqno-pyChKi

KHH3i".

XapaKTepH3yiOqH

PoMana, noJihChKHH xponicT nniiie, IIIO Bin ,3a KopoTKHH qac TaK rri)J,nHBcn, IIIO npaBHB Mail.lKe BciMa 3eMJIHMH i

KHH3HMH pycLKHMn".

PoMaH McTHCJiaBnq 3aJIHIIIHB naM'HTh ne JIHIIIe B nncannx icTopnqnnx )J,.lKepeJiax, aJie il y napo)J,i. ,UoBro na YKpalni 36epiraJiacn Becnnna rpa ,BopoTap", B HKiil 3ra)J,yeThCH npo ,JIIO)J,eil KHH3H PoMana, naiiioro nana",

npo

,MH3HHHe )J,HTHTKO y

cpi6Jii i

3JIOTi,

Ha 30JIOTiM KpicJii",

To6To naM'HTh npo PoMaHOBHX )J,iTeil, cnpiT-KHH.lKaT ,UannJia i BacHJih-

€

Ka. A

3ra)J,KH npo

npo KHH3H

iloro

B )J,aBHhOpyChKHX 6HJIHHaX.

nepeMO.lKHi

6ol

JIHTOBIIHMH

nOJIOHeHHX B po6oTaX 3aJIHIIIaJiaCH npHKa3Ka, BHH, THrnyqn nJiyra npoMOBJIHB: Beiii, JlHTBOIO

,On,

BHKopncTaHHH

KOJIH nOJIOHeHHH JIHT-

PoMane,

JIHXHM .lKH-

opeiii".

,CEH )KE KOPOJib JJ:AHHJIO EYB KH513EM JJ:OEPHM, XOPOEPHM I MYJJ:PHM" aKHMH

BHCOKHMH

PoMaHOBnqa

raJIHIIhKOro

1264 pou;i.

,I(aHHJIO

raJIHIIhKHH

Bnnpo6yBaHHH

eniTeTaMH

nicJIH

npO.lKHB

cnna PoMana

Ha)J,iJIHB iloro

pOKH.

CMepTi,

U:e

McTHCJiaBnqa.

JiiTOnHCeiih

6yJIH

IIIO

MoryTHiCTh

RK TiJihKH

cTaJio

MaJieHhKHMH

3MyiiieHa

Bi)J,oMo

npo

oniKy

cnnoqKaMH He

6yJia

TH.lKKOrO )J,O caMol

npHMHO.lKy-

raJIHIIhKO-BOJIHHChKOI )J,ep.lKaBH. cMepTh

KHH3H

naBKOJio iloro cna)J,IIIHHH naBHCJIH noBi xMapn i

,I(aHHJIKOM

CTaJiaCH

pOKH

)J,HTHHCTBa

CMepTi HOMY )J,OBO)J,HJIOCH B HeJierKiH 6opOTh6i 36HpaTH BaTH

,I(aHHJia

3MOrJia

nepe)J,

yropChKOrO

O)J,HopiqnnM BTpHMaTHCH

ne6e3neKOIO

KOpOJIH,

BacHJihKOM

TpnpiqnnM rpa)J,i

3MOBH

nOJihChKOrO

1205 poKy,

Knnrnnn Anna

CTOJihHOMY

6oHpChKOI

3rO)J,OM )1,0

PoMana 6ypi.

raJinqi,

yTiKaTH

KHH3H.

ni)J,

100 A JIH

THM

qacoM rri)J,HHJIH roJioBy B raJinqi

MbKyco6nu;i,

3eMJii

IIHIIIe

JiiTOIIHCellh:

,KpaMOJihni" 6onpn, rroqa,BeJIHKa

CMyTa

IIOCTaJia

PycLKiil".

ABTOp

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOro

PoMaHOBHX

en niB

rrncaB:

rrpo He3qHcJieHi 6HTBH i rrpo

MHOri

3aKOJIOTH, Y

Fpa 6oeeu, bJW i1

Bo!loiJuMup

Toil

, Y

piK

JiiTorrncy (

12 2 7).

rrpo

u;eil

II oqneM

rrpo CTpaM)J,aHHH BeJIHKi, rrpo

KpaMOJIH,

qacTi

BaMKHH Me

rrpo qacTi BiHHH,

3aBopyiiieHHH,

rrpo

MHori

60 3MaJIKY He 6y JIO IM o6oM CIIOKOIO". qac,

KOJIH MaJieHLKi

PoMaHoBnqi -

,UannJio

BacHJihKO 3

MaTip'IO-KHHrnnero rroneBipHJIHCh no )J,Bopax rrpaBHTeJiiB IIoJILilli,

rrepio)J,

po3rroBi)J,aTH

KpaMOJihHi

raJIHllhKi

6onpn

qoJii

YropiiiHHH

BoJIO)J,HMnpoM

Kop-

MHJihqnqeM BHpiiiiHJIH IIOCa)J,HTH Ha raJIHllhKHH

TpOH

CJIYXHHHHX IM 3a

CJia60BOJihHHX

KHH3iB.

raJIHllhKHH

TpOH

IIOBeJIH

6opoTL6y Tpn rrpeTeH)J,eHTH cnnn Iropn CBHTOCJiaBnqa: )J,HMHp, PoMaH i CBHTOCJiaB. rroqaJIH

KHH310BaTH

Tpn

BoJioBonn

raJinqi,

aJie

CKOpO IIOCBapHJIHCH 3 6onpaMH, a ocTanni

3arrpocnJIH

pyKaMH

rroBicnJIH

yropu;iB

PoMana

lx CBH-

TOCJiaBa. raJIHllhKi Ha

6oHpH

rrpeCTOJii

KOrO

raJIHllhKOMY

,UaHHJia,

III06

MaTH CBOIO BJia)J,y,

MaJieHh-

TiJihKH a

yTpH-

BoJIO)J,HCJiaB

1213 poKy ,Me B'l-

KopMHJihqnq xaB

,BOKHHMHJIH"

raJIHq

BKHHMHBCH,

ciB

Ha CTOJii". U:e BHKJIHKaJIO He3a)J,OBOJieHHH 3

iHIIIHX

llhOrO

KHH3iB.

6oHpChKO-KHH3iBChKO-

ro KOHij>JiiKTY CKOpHCTaJIHCh rrpaBiiJxiiJ 3

Fa!lulfa

KH5li!UHi

MGJ/OflimHiMU

)JaHU!lOM XyiJoJ~CHUK

AHHU

KH5l35lMU

BacU!lbKOM. MuKo!la

KaHJoc

BHTeJii II OJihilli i YropiiiHHH. YropChKHH

KOpOJih

ChKHM JIHCH

KOpOJieM B

Crriiiii

AH)J,piil

JleiiiKOM

IIOJih3MOBH-

1214 poKy 3arap-

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

101

6aTH raJIHllhKY 3eMJIIO 3a ~OITOMOrOIO

CBOrO

~HHaCTHqHHX

Arr~piil

3B'H3KiB.

.lKeHHB

MaJieHhKOrO

CHHa

KoJioMarra rra ~oqu;i JlernKa

CoJioMii

rroca~HB

HOrO Ha raJIHllhKHH TpOH. YropcLKi BiilcLKa oKyrryBaJIH

raJIHllhKY 3eMJIIO,

ITOMiHHJIHCH

HKiH

rrpa-

3 1214 no 1221

BHTeJii.

piK rrpaBHB KoJioMarr, aJie BiH a

6yB

HeiTOBHOJiiTHiM,

TOMY lj>aKTHqrro BeJIH-

Ki yropcLKi <J>eo~aJIH ~ TyBaJIH CBOIO BOJIIO, rrpHrrriqyBaJIH raJinqarr i .lKHTeJiiB

Bcix

IIpnKaprraTTH.

Oco6JIHBOIO .lKopcToKicTIO cJiaBHBCH y

IIpnKaprraTTi

(raJinqi) rraJiaTHH-BO€BO~a

Eerre~HKT,

Torrncerrh HHKa

HKoro Jii-

ycTaMH

TnMolj>iH,

KHH.lK-

TO~i,

Ha3HBaB

neM'',

,,aHTHXpHCTOM''

IIpoTH Bee

oKyrrarrTiB

rroBropo~chKoro ~Biqi

MOJIO~HM

M CTHCJiaB aJie

yropu;i

Y~aTHHH

qacTnrri

KHH3H

6oi

qacTnrra

6o11p.

Bonn

McTHCJiaBa

,I(aHHJIOM

1219

poKy

rpOMHB BHrHaB

BTpnMaJIHCH

MuxauJZo

yroprriB IX

~eHKHH

rre3a~oBoJierrnx

pa~yBaJIHCH

CITiJihHHMH

JiiTorrncerrL,

BH3BOJieHHIO

CHJiaMH

,I(aHHJia

Y~aTrroro,

HKHH

raJinqi.

To~i

,rop~oro"

raJIHllhKOI B~pyre

3eMJii,

McTHCJiaB OCTaToqrro

IX BO€BO~Y <l>iJIIO.

IIpnKaprraTTH

Bi~

McTHCJiaBa.

rrpnixaB ,UarrnJio ~o

raJinqarr.

rra ~orroMory

3arrpocnJIH

CTOJIHrri

qac.

C/JicO!lb

1221 pou;i rrpn6yB i3 CBOIMH ITOJIKaMH -

raJinqarrn

rrncaB

FaJZUU,bKUU.

McTHCJiaBnqa

BHrHaB OKyrraHTiB Ta HaBiTh ITOJIOHHB

oKyrrarrii

PoMaHOBU1.f

XyiJo:JICHUK

rroBeJia

iJep:J~Caeu

FaJZUU,bKo-BoJZUHCbKOf

.aaHuJZo

,MyqnTe-

rra6pn~Jio

u;e

Kopo!lb

.lKHB

McTHCJiaBa,

,A -

yropChKOI rroTiM, i

pa~icTh

Bo!loiJuMup

102

Fpa 6oeeu, bKU i1

6o crrac ix 6or Bi~

6yna BennKa,

iHOITDeMiHHHKiB: yci 60 yrpH i DHXH 6ynn B6nTi,

a irrrni 6ynn cxorrne-

rri, a me irrrni, yTiKaroqn no 3eMni (ranHrrhKiH) cMep~aMH

Ilicnn ,Uarrnno

ITOTOITHDHCH 1 a ~pyri

rro6nTi

6ynn".

cMepTi

cBoro

MaiiMe

6aTLKa

poKiB

rre

qepe3 6oHpChKi 3aKODOTH

Mir

arpe-

cii qeprririBChKHX KHH3iB Ta ITODhChKO-yropChKHX BODHTH

CBOIO

crra~mnrry -

rrpaBHTeniB

BH3-

3aKOHHY KHH3iBChKY IIpnKaprraTChKY 3eM-

nro, a 30Cepe~HB CBOi 3YCHDDH Ha yTpnMarrrri

BonnrrcLKoi

3eMni.

CrroqaTKY 3aBono~iB EepecTHM, a ITOTiM ~aMH

iHIIIHMH Bonnrri

neM, KOpOJl/0

y rrparrH,

J{aHUflY

JlbBOBi

ITOCTiHHi

pou;i

poM,

a B

HIO.

U:e

6oi Ta cyrrepeqKH

Een3oM,

oBono~iB

rpa-

TnxoM-

IIepeMnrnneM,

1215 JlaMRmHUK

BODOCTHMH -

nnrne

Bono~HMH

1230-My Bciero Bonnrr~oBra

6yna

3 ITODHKaMH i

3aTHMHa

DHTOBIIHMH.

Ilicnn rrLoro rroqaB ,Uarrnno 3 6paToM BacnnhKOM KpoK 3a KpOKOM 3~iHCHIOBaTH

3eMni.

ITDaHH ITOBepHeHHH CBO€i ~pyroi crra~mHHH -

Ha rreprnnx

eTarrax

u;iei o6'e~rraBqoi rroniTHKH

co103 3 McTncnaBoM Y~aTHHM, IIpoTe yroprrHM 1

McTHCDaB mO

Y~aTHHH

rrirnoB

rra

HKHH ~orroMaraB iloMy rpoMHTH yrpiB. B

KiHrri

lKHTTH

He3a~OBODeHHH

BHKDHKaDO

ranHrrhKOi

Birr

3HOBY rrepe~aB

rannq

,UaHHDa.

TinhKH rricnn cMepTi Y~aTrroro ,Uarrnno rroBiB 6opoTL6y 3a BH3BOnerrrrn

rannrrLKoi 3eMni Bi~ 6onpnrra

neBnqa KonoMarra. qeprririBChKoro me

poKiB,

6aTLKiBChKoro

IIi~cTyrrrri

KHH3H a

BceBono~oBnqa

Mnxanna

BChOrO

pa30M

rannrrLKoro

Cy~ncnaBa

yropcLKoro Kopo-

rannrrLKi 6onpn 3arrpocnnn rra rrpecTin

poKiB,

,Uarrnny ~oBenoch

6opOTHCh

ITOBepHeHHH

Tporry.

1238 poKy ,UaHHDO 3i CBOiMH ITODKaMH rri~iHIIIOB rri~ rannq, B qoMy iloMy ~orroMornn

rpa~chKi

MyMi,

ropo~HHH,

rrpnxnnLrri

iloMy

6onpn,

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

Jl.aHu!lo

IlpuKapnammR.

Fa!lUU,bKUCi

6yJIH

CTBa. CH

3au;iKaBJieHi

)1,0

ropO)J,HH:

iHOIIJieMiHHHX Bellh,

My.ltd

KHH3iB

6)J,.lKOJIH

)1,0

if oro rroqaJIH

rrpocHTH

yBiHIIIOB

noropO)J,Hlli, Ha

HiMellhKHX

II epe)J, TYT

.lKe

MaricTpa B

OJieHi,

BOpOrH

OTIIH

6paTOM

Bi)J,6HJIH

(!1,0

BO)J,H,

)J,aJii

)J,ep.lKa-

HKO )J,iTH )1,0

,I(aHHJIY, rrncaB:

u;epKBH i

TeprriTH

€CTh

OTIIH,

)1,0 )J,.lKepeJia"

IIOKJIOHHTHCH

)1,0

KHH3iB-

3BepHyB-

6y)J,eTe

, Ce

HhOro),

CIIparJii

CBOHOrO,

6oHpH ,UaHHJIO

rrpeqHCTOI

3HaK

rro6i)J,H

CBHTOI

IIOCTaBHB

CBOIO

12 3 7

rro)J,iH:

3arp03HJIH

CKa3aJIH:

JiiTorrnceu;h

xopyroB

cTaJiacn

,I(OIIOKH

BOHH

IIpHHIIIOB

CTiJI

BOpOTaX

ropO)J, ,I(oporoqHH i JIO

CBiH,

B3HB

IIHM

rrpomeHHH.

ropo)J,

Fa!lU't.

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOrO

ropO)J,HHH!

IIYCTHJIHCH BOHH

MaTKH,

C/JicO!lb

KOJIH ,I( aHHJIO IIi)], 'lxaB IIi)], raJIHq,

BJia)J,y?",

6orOM )J,aHHif!"

B TJK:dJK:ae

Muxau!lo

u;eHTpaJii3au;il

JIK IIHIIIe JiiTOIIHCellh,

103

iJpyJK:uHo/0

XyiJoJKHUK HKi

ToM

poKy

xpecToHocu;i

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKiH rpa)J,

,I(oporoqHH

3axorrHJIH

)J,ep.lKaBi.

IIOJIOHHJIH

,I(aHHHhOMY

EpyHo.

12 39

pou;i

,I(aHHJIO

KneBoM

3aJIHIIIHB

)J,JIH

THCHllhKHM

,I(MHTpieM.

IIOBepHyB iloro

3BepxHiCTh

o6opoHH

Ha)J,

cBolx

CTOJihHHM BOIHiB

rpa)J,OM qoJii

104

BOJwiJuMup

Ha MaJIL,

HacTyrrnJia

roJihChKa HaBaJia, JiaMH

BiH

cTpaiiiHa

He6e3rreKa

TaTapchKO-MOH-

HKa rrepeKpecJIHJia 6araTo rrJiaHiB ,UaHHJia.

3YCTpiBCH

IIpOHBHB

HOBa

Fpa6oeeU,bTWU

JIHIIapChKY

rn:e

1223

MYMHiCTh,

pouj

rrpo

UJ:O

Kam:Jj

Bi)J,3HaqaJIH

MOHro-

MOJIO)J,HH

JiiTOIIHCIIi:

3iTKHYJIHCH BiilcLKa MiM co6oro, TO ,UaHHJIO BnixaB Harrepe)J, ... BOHH

IIOJIKH

TaTapChKi,

BacHJihKO

6yB

36HTHH

KHH3h ,KoJIH

YiJ,apHJIH

KOHH,

caM

,UaHHJIO 6yB rropaHeHnil y rpy)J,H. AJie qepe3 MOJIO)J,iCTh i O)J,Bary BiH He qyB paH, UJ:O 6yJIH Ha TiJii iforo, 6yB 60 BiH CHJihHHH, -

6yB 60 BiH BiKOM BiciMHa)J,IIHTH JiiT,

i ,I(aHHJIO KpiiiKO 6opOBCH, II06HBaiOqH TaTap".

IIicJIH MopcToKoro 3HHUJ:eHHH IliBHiqHo-Cxi)J,HOI Pyci (1237-1238 pp.) MaiiMe pycLKi

100-TncnqHa 3eMJii,

op)J,a

3)J,o6yJia

EaTHH

IIepencJiaB,

yBipBaJiacn

qepHiriB,

3a HHM

IliB)J,eHHo-3axi)J,Hi KniB.

repoiqHo o6opOHHJIH KHHHH Ha qoJii 3 THCHIIhKHM ,I(MHTpi€M. ,I(MHTpin Bi)J,3HaqaB

Bpa3HB

caMoro

JiiTorrnceu;L,

IIIJia MeqeM i

EaTnn,

, qepe3

HKHH

3aJIHIIIHB

MYMHiCTh

BOrHeM 110 BoJIHHChKHX i

if oro".

iloro

)J,aJii

floro

repOI3M

MHBHM, op)J,a

raJIHIIhKHX 3eMJIHX.

rrpoii-

,1 rrpnii-

IIIOB BiH (naTHH) )1,0 BoJIO)J,HMHpa, i B3HB iforo CIIHCOM, i BH6HB iforo 6e3 rrorn:a)J,n, iM

HeM a

KniB,

TaK caMo

IJHCJia",

BoJIO)J,HMHp,

ropo)J, raJinq,

rrniiie raJinq

iHIIIHX ropo)J,iB 6araTo,

rn:o

i3 cyMoM JiiTorrnceu;L. 3a3HaJIH BeJIHKOro crrycTOIIIeHHH,

3aJIHIIIH-

JIHCH CIIaJieHi MiCTa i CeJia, IIOBCIO)J,H BH)J,HiJIHCH ropH TpyrriB, IIOMapnrn:a.

liiCJl5l no6oflu,a Fa!lUU,bKUM Huu u,ie

JropOi!OlfUHCbKOi!O nepeiJ

fraHU!lOM

cmae

Macicmp

no!loHe-

xpecmoHoc-

EpyHo.

XyiJoJICHUK

MuKo!la

KaHToc

ImocmpoeaHa Y

o;eil

HaHeCTH

icmopi5l TpariqHHH

iloMy

oqoJIIOBaHi

aJie

rri11,

3i6paJiacn

,I(aHHJia o;iJia

neJIH

1221

raJIHllhKHX

CHJihKOM

<l>iJIIO

MHBHX

pou;i y

6onp.

raJIHllhKHX

3axHCTHBIIIH

CBOI

crrpnMyBaB

3eMJii

B)J,aJIOCH

Bi)J,THCHYTH

KypeMcn

EypyH)J,an,

Toro B THMKiH CHJii". T06TO

IIOKOpHCH

,I(aHHJIO OpiJ,OIO

Ille

EaTnn,

3arOHH

o;e

3aXHCTHJIH

JIHXH rro6nTi 6yJin". ,UaHHJIO

3oJioTiii

raJIHllh-

Op11,i.

KepiBHHIITBOM

HoMy

TeMHHKa

3a cJioBaMH JiiTorrncu;n ,oKaHHHoro i

nypyH)J,aH rop)J,O 3aHBHB ,I(aHHJiy:

6yB

BiH

rOTOBHH

)1,0

III06 BnrpaTH

qac

,UaHHJIO

rrpoKJIH-

,,I( an raJinq",

CHJihHOIO

MipKyBaHHHMH

30JIOTOIO

rrolxaB

3MiliHHTH o6opoHy cBoix

MoryTHhOrO PoMaHoBnq,

6HTBH

3 )J,HIIJIOMaTnqHHMH

IIpHHHMeHHH

TaTapcLKan!

IIOJIOHeHoro

BHCJiaB rrpoTH ,UaHHJia HOBoro xaHa -

EaTHH rrpnxHJihHO rrpniiHHB ,UaHHJia, qaB

IIi)],

qnHOM,

Hai3HHKiB,

rrpoTHCTOHTH

IIepeMHIIIJih,

i3 6paToM Ba-

IIOJIHKiB,

TaKHM

qacTHHa

TaTapaM.

EaTHH.

cTaBKY

EaTHH

qepHiriB-

(TOR CaMHH,

3axorrHJIH

,Yrpn "' i

3aXi)J,HHX

III06

Op)J,HHChKi

KniBIIIHHH.

MopcToKoro

Bi)J,

3YCHJIJIH,

<l>iJieM"

,UaHHJIO

IIOJiqHIIIa yrpiB, i,

BiHChKa,

CHHOM

IM )J,OIIOMaraJia

poKy

B6HJIH

BHpiiiiHJIH

yropChKi

,rop)J,HM

raJinqi)'

1245

6onp

)J,piMaJIH

PocTHCJiaBoM,

3arap6HHKH

ceprrHH

rOJIOBY po36HJIH

KOaJiio;iH

cBoi 3eMJii. TaK HarrncaHo B JiiTorrnci:

KHH

105

MnxaiiJia, Ta BO€BO)J,OIO

.HpocJiaBoM

ToM

Boporn

KOpOJIH

BpHTyBaBCH Ille

KpaMOJihHHX

qac

y11,ap.

3HTeM

ChKOrO KHH3H IIIO

IlpuKapnammR.

aJie JiiTorrnceo;h KHH3H:

IIIO

caM

3eMeJih.

3 6oJieM Bi)J,3Ha-

JIHXiiiia

JIHXa

6yB KHH3eM BeJIHKHM,

qeCTh

,BoJio)J,iB

i3 6paTOM CBOIM PychKOIO 3eMJieiO, KH€BOM i BoJIO)J,HMHpOM, i raJIHqeM,

iHIIIHMH

Ha3HBa€!

KpaHMH,

Ha)J,i€ThCH!

JIHXa TH,

II oBepHyBIIIHCh ,UaHHJIO

BnpiiiiHB

IIIHHOIO,

3YMiB

KiJihKa Y 6oKy

HHHi

CH)J,HTh

KOJiiHaX

XOJIOIIOM

ce6e

A BOHH )J,aHHHH XOTHTh, i rrorp03H i)J,yTh (i) BiH MHTTH He

qeCTh TaTapCbKan!".

op11,n

3 xaHChKHM

BCTaHOBHTH

ycrriiiiHHX

MHpHi

JIHIIIe

CTpHMaTH

IIOXO)J,iB

IIpOTH

npJIHKOM

Bi)J,HOCHHH

Haiia)J,H

Ha cBo I 3

BOJIO)J,iHHH,

II OJihiii ew,

JIHTOBlliB,

aJie

Yrop-

3p06HTH

HHX.

cBolii aHTHOp)J,HHChKiii rroJiiTnu;i ,UaHHJIO po6nB crrpo6n 3 O)J,Horo BTHrHyTH

11,pyroro crro)J,iBaBcn ChKOMY

£110

6opOTh6y

BHyTpiiiiHhO Ha

co6opi

)J,OIIOMory B

1241

xpecTOBHH rroxi11, rrpoTH

3aXi)J,HO€BpOIIeHChKi

rri)J,roTyBaTHCh

11,0

rrarrn.

OcTaHHiii

poo;i

3aKJIHKaTH

op)J,HHlliB.

)J,Bo6ow. po6nB

)J,epMaBH, BiH

crrpo6n

3aXi)J,HHX

crroqaTKY Ha

JiioH-

rrpaBHTeJiiB

o;i€10 MeToiO rrarra IHoKeHTiii IV

106

Fpa 6oeeu, bKU i1

Bo!loduMup IIpHCJiaB HKOIO

KOpOJiiBChKY

KOpOHY,

Jl: aHHJIO

KOpOHyBaBCH

125 3 poKy B ,Uoporoqnrri.

KopoJIH

AJie o;i IIOXO)J,H He 3)J,iiiCHHJIHCH, i ,UaHHJIO

BHpiiiiHB

3aXHIIIaTH II epiii CTapi i Teo;i

CHJiaMH

Bee,

Birr

3MiliHIOBaB

6y)J,yBaB HOBi MiCTa, lj>op-

XoJIM,

MOK,

CBOIMH

ce6e.

JlLBiB, ,UarrnJiiB,

YrpoBChK.

AJie

rre

JIIOTHil

3MiliHHTH

CTi-

BCTHr IX

Eypyrr)J,ail

125 9 poo;i CIIaJIHB i

3HHIIIHB

pH)J,

BOJIHHChKHX i raJIHllhKHX MiCT-Ij>OpTellh

BoJIO)J,HMHp

rra

BoJinrri,

Jlyo;LK, KpeM'nrreo;L, JlLBiB Ta irriiii rpa)J,H, BHTpHMaB JIHIIIe o6Jiory HOB03aCHOBaHHil

II)

po3oproroqi

XO)J,H

BCHKi

IIi)J,ipBaJIH rroMep

KopoHau,iR

JraHUJta

8 JropOi!OlfUHi XydoJICHUK

Fa!lUU,bKOi!O

IIJiaHH

rro-

rrepeMHBaHHH ,UaHHJia:

12 64 pou;i.

, Ceil

BiH

y)J,ap,

rpyiiieBChKHil, -

6nB ,UarrnJia.

]254 p.

MuKo!la

TaTapcLKi

iHIIIi

3)J,OpOB 'H

IIHIIIe M.

XoJIM.

)J,0-

BrraJIH iloro cMiJIHBi

6opOTh6H

3 TaTapaMH".

KaHioc B

KOpOJih ,UaHHJIO BIIaB TO)J,i

6yB y

JiiTorrnci 3arrncarro:

He)J,yry BeJIHKY i

1264. A

B Hiil BiH CKOHqaB

MHBOTTH cBoe. I rroxoBaJIH iloro B u;epKBi CBHTOI Eoropo)J,Hlli B XoJIMi, IIIO Birr II caM crropy)J,nB". IIHCaB, rreperric

IIIO

KHH3h

TiJIO

JleB,

6aTbKa

IIi3rriiiie JihBiBChKHil icTopnK E.

CHH 3

,UaHHJia,

XoJIMa

)1,0

qepe3

JlbBOBa

18 poKiB, y i

IIOXOBaB

3iMopoBnq

1282 poo;i,

iloro

BeJihMH

ypoqncTO Ha BHCOKOMY 3aMKy. II epiiinil, xTo BHCOKO ou;irrnB )J,iHJihHicTh ,UarrnJia PoMarroBnqa, 6yB aBTOp raJIHllhKO- BoJIHHChKOro JiiTorrncy. Birr IIHCaB: ,UaHHJIO

(6yB)

ropo)J,H

MHori,

KHH3eM )J,06pHM, u;epKBH

XOpo6pHM i

rrpocJiaBHB,

"Ceil Me KOpOJih

My)J,pHM,

03)J,o6nB

HKHil CIIOpy)J,HB pi3rroMarriTHHMH

rrpnKpacaMH i 6paToJiro6cTBOM Birr cBiTHBCH 6yB i3 CBOIM BacHJihKOM. Ceil Me ,UarrnJio

6yB i1,pyrnM no

CoJioMorri".

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

AKa,ll,eMiK OIJ,iHIO€

IlpuKapnammR.

II.

3aCJiyru

ToM

KpuJI'HKeBuq

,I(aHUJia

107

TaK

raJIUII,hKOro:

, B icTopii raJIUII,hKO-BOJIHHChKOro KHH3iBCTBa BiH 3aiiMaB BU,ll,aTHe MiciJ,e. Moro icTopuqHoiO 3acJiyroro 6yJio o6'€,li,HaHHH B i

O,li,He

KHH3iBCTBO 3eMJii

BoJiuHi,

PoMaHa. ,UaHuJio

po3'€,li,HaHux BuKoHyroqu

crrupaBcH

HaCeJieHHH,

HKi

11,e

BeJIU

raJIUqUHU

rricJIH

cMepTi

3aB,ll,aHHH,

rnupoKi

MaCH

6opOTh6y

IIpOTU

iH03eMHOI arpecii' i BJia,li,U BeJIUKUX 6oHp.

3. €,li,HaBIIIH

TepuTopii raJiuquHU

JIHHi B O,li,He KHH3iBCTBO, ,I(aHUJIO HB

iioro

eKOHOMiqHoMy

3,ll,iHCHUTU

CIIpU-

p03BUTKY

IIOJiiTuqHiH CTa6iJihHOCTi. B,ll,aJIOCH

Bo-

,I(aHUJIOBi He

CBOrO

HaiirOJIOBHi-

Mimpa

Jii

3-IIi,ll,

.lKaBHa 6yJia

op,li,HHChKoro

opraHi3aiJ,iH,

HacTiJihKH

HpMa.

HKY

AJie

BiH

cuJILHa,

,ll,ep-

iL lll<yMlllo nepepo6!leHo 3

KopoHu J(aHu!la Fa!lUU,bKOco

CTBOpHB,

IlepeMUUJJlbCbKOcO

BMIIIII(H> npo BKY p03DOBioaiOTh>

IIIOrO HaMipy- BU3BOJIUTU 3aXi,IJ,Hi 3eM-

xaHChKi

Op,li,U He 3MOrJIH I I 3pyiiHyBaTu, i

raJIUII,hKO-BOJIHHChKe KHH3iBCTBO 3HOBY

IIi,li,BeJIOCH

HOBO I

3aHeiia,ll,y,

Ha6paJIO

CUJIU".

HA]__QAJJ:Kll JJ:AHIIJIOBI IIPABIITEJII fAJillQbKOI 3EMJII icJIH

Qeu Il,hOMY

cMepTi

poKiB

Tii

PoMaHoBuqiB.

rrepio,11, .lK

,UaHuJia

qaci

rrpaBUJIU

rneHiCTh Ti€I .lK

y,ll,iJiiB

Mi.lK

aJie

BuBqeHuii

crrpo6u

Bi,li,HOBUTU

KpaMoJiu TUX .lKe

Hama,li,KaMU

12 6 4

rrpaBHYKH

,I(aHUJia

rrpaBUJIU

Kpa€M

,li,UHaC-

icTopiorpalj>il.

Xoq

raJIUII,hKO-

BeJiuKux 6o11p, po3rropo-

,ll,aBaJIU

3MOrH

raJIUII,hKOIO

raJIUII,hKO-BOJIHHChKOI ,ll,ep.lKaBu,

IIpUKaprraTChKHM

rrpoTHroM

,I(aHUJia

MoryTHiCTh

3aJie.lKHOI KpU3U KHH3iBChKOrO rrpaBJiiHHH

Xoq 3aXO,li,UJIO COHIJ,e qaci

BHYKH,

HaiiMeHIII

6yJIH

BoJIUHChKOI ,ll,ep.lKaBu,

PoMaHoBuqa

CUHH,

CHJihHi

KHH3i.

BHHTH

3eMJieiO.

aJie B

Il,hOMY

108

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWCi

13 CMepTIO ,UaHHJia CTapiiiHM y raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOMY KHH3iBCTBi 3aJIHIIIHBCH noro 6paT BacnJILKo, HKHH rrpaBHB BoJIHHHIO. Cnn ,UannJia, JleB ycrra)J,KyBaB JIHHChKiH

3eMJii

raJIHllhKY i

neJI3hKiH 3eMJIHX 3aJIHIIIHBCH TaKHM

IIepeMHIIIJihChKY 3eMJii,

KHH3IOBaB i1,pyrnil

qnnoM,

rri)J,

Kineu;h

cnn

McTHCJiaB,

Tepe6oB-

XoJIMChKiii

illBapHO. XIII

cToJiiTTH

crra)J,IIIHHa

PoMaHoBnqiB

6yJia po3)J,iJiena no y)J,iJiax. U:iKaBa icTopin KHH3IOBaHHH JleBa. Bin Me 3a MHTTH ,UannJia )J,OIIOMaraB 6aThKOBi 6opoTHCH rrpoTH BHyTpiiiinix i 30BHiiiinix BoporiB. Hapo)J,HBCH JleB

rrpn6JIH3HO

1228 pou;i, a B 1240 p., rrepe)J, naBaJioiO TaTap,

,UaHHJIO 3aJIHIIIHB HOrO y )J,BaHa)J,IIHTHpiqnoMy Biu;i B yropChKOrO KOpOJIH

neJIH.

OcTaHHiH 3aCBaTaB 3a HhOro )J,OqKy.

Y rrepeMOlKHOMY 6010 IIi)], JlpOCJiaBOM y piqHHH

JleB,

Bi)J,3Haqae JiiTorrnceu;L,

1245 pou;i ciMHa)J,IIHTH-

,cTaB

na Micu;i

(6oro),

1252-

Boln, rrocepe)J, TpyrriB, 3HaMenyroqn rro6i)J,y cBoro". IIi3niiiie B

12 53 pp. Bin )J,OIIOMaraB 6aThKOBi B rroxo)J,ax y II OJihiiii (,To M, Y3HBIIIH

CHHa

JiiTOIIHCellh,

CBOrO

JlbBa").

,pyiiiHB ,UaHHJIO,

B (3)

IIOXi)J,

IIpOTH

HTBariB,

CHHOM JlbBOBOM, i IIIO

6yB

iiiie

0TMe,

IIHIIIe

3 illBapHOM,

MOJIO)J,IIIHM".

JleB

Ille

lKHTTH

6aTbKa B IOHOCTi Ha6npaB BO€HHOrO

)J,OCBi)J,y,

TOMY

IIiCJIH

CMepTi ,UaHHJia 3HaBCH y BO€HHHX

IIOXO)J,aX.

U:e

BiH

1259

pou;i rrolxaB i3 BYHKOM BacHJihKOM

3YCTpiqaTH

rrpoKJIHToro"

,oKaHHHOro,

TeMHHKa

)J,aH 6iJIH rpa)J,a

Eypyn-

illyMChKa.

IIicJIH cMepTi 6aTLKa JleB ycrra)J,KyBaB y)J,iJI,

illBapHa JIHq,

IIepeMHIIIJihChKHH rricJIH

cMepTi

6paTa

1269 poKy 3aHHHB ra-

neJI3hKe,

,UoporoqHHChKe

i XoJIMChKe KHH3iBCTBa. TaK IIIO

JI eB IIopmpem XyiJoJ~CHUK

KH5l35l libBa J(aHU!lOBUlfa.

JI.

J(oJtUHCbKUCi.

XVIII em.

IIOHOBHB

MaHMe

JIHllhKO- BOJIHHChKi CB0€10

BJia)J,OIO.

yci

3 eMJii

raIIi)],

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

li)KaBO, JieCJiaBa Tpe6a

UJ:O

BiH

HaMaraBCH

3aKaprraTTH

1280 3

IIiCJIH

(12 7 9

CopoMJIHBoro

IIi)J,KpeCJIHTH,

IIpH€)J,HaB

ToM

IlpuKapnammR.

UJ:O

pou;i

p.)

JleB,

CMepTi

HiXTO qac

1292

)J,OJiyqHB rn:e H Jli06JiiHChKY 3eMJIIO i TOpiil,

IIOJihChKOrO

oBoJio)J,iTH

Ha )J,eHKHH

MyKaqeBOM.

109

KpaKOBOM.

iHIIIHH )1,0

pou;i

raJIHllhKOI BiH

)1,0

KHH3iB,

3eMJii

CBOrO

qacTHHY

KHH3iBCTBa

CTaB rrpaBHTeJieM 3HaqHHX TepH6aTbKa ,UaHHJia.

I. II. Kpnrr'nKeBnq, yBa.lKHO BHBqHBIIIH icTopnqrri )J,.lKepeJia,

)J,ae JleBy TaKy ou;irrKy: 60HX Ta

no-

Oco6JIHBO

raJIHllhKHX

HaBiTh 6iJihiiiHX, HK TO 6yJIO 3a )J,i)J,a PoMaHa i

AKa)J,eMiK

KOpOJIH

3aJII06KH

,JleB, y rreprny qepry Bolrr, oxoqe 6paB yqacTh y

XO)J,HB

)J,aJieKi

IIOXO)J,H.

nyB

rapnqo"j,

HeCTpHMaHOI

B)J,aqi, y rHiBi B6HB JIHTOBChKOrO KHH3H BoiiiiieJIKa, HK )J,yMaJIH, TOMy, UJ:O BiH rrepe)J,aB CBO€ KHH3iBCTBO He HOMy, a illBapHOBi. JleB He 3a)J,OBOJihHHBCH CBOIM KHH3iBCTBOM, a MnxaHJIO

rrparHyB co6i 3)J,06yTH IIIHpOKi 3eMJii".

rpyrneBChKHH TaKO.lK

BOJIO)J,apH 6araThOX 3eMeJih.

BH)J,iJIH€

KHH3H JleBa HK errepriHHOrO

,3-IIOMi.lK ,UaHHJIOBHX CHHiB,

- . BH3HaqaBCH OC06JIHBO KHH3h JleB, errepriHHHH, BH)J,YUJ:HH. BiTh

IIHIIIe BiH,

BJiaCTOJII06HBHH, 3a-

CHJIKyBaBCH 3aBOJIO)J,iTH cyci)J,HiMH IIOJihChKHMH 3eMJIHMH, HaKpaKiBChKOMY

3aBoJio)J,iTH

TaKo.lK

CTOJii

3aciCTH,

3aKaprraTChKOIO

qnch i3 3aMirnarrh B

Yroprn:nrri,

aJie

B)J,aBaJIOCH.

yropchKOIO

Ilpo6yBaB

YKpalrroro,

3)J,a€ThCH HKHHCh

KopncTaiO-

qac BOJIO)J,iB rrero,

B O)J,HOMY )J,OKyMeHTi rpnropiil Ha)J,.lKyiiaH (rrpaBHTeJib) 6epe3hKOI CTOJIHlli

rra3HBaB

ce6e

iloro

EeperoBa rpnropiil

ypH)J,HHKoM".

BBa.lKa€ ce6e

CrrpaB)J,i,

1299

pou;i

1301

poKy,

Birr rrapo)J,HBCH )J,ech 6iJIH

1250

IlicJIH CMepTi JlbBa ,UaHHJIOBHqa, HKa CTaJiaCH IIpH6JIH3HO iloro Tporr 3aHHHB cnrr poKy

rn:e

3a ,UaHHJia.

3aiiHCaHO, KHH3h

UJ:O

1254-1255

BoilrneJIK

IOpiil JlLBOBnq. li)KaBO,

TaK, a

HaiipHKJia)J,, y

B rpy)J,rri

ceu;L, Ha

1287

6aThKOM

yci

rrepe6yBaiOqH

IOpin

6paB yqaCTh

BiH y

CBOIM

JlLBOBnqa".

raJinqi, IOpiil

xarra TeJie6yrn, IOpieM i3

KHH310BaB

IIOXO)J,aX Ha

1301

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKi

KOHCTaHTHHOIIOJihChKoro

pou;i BiH BO)J,HB ,paTTIO

poKy 3a rraKa3oM

Ili3Hiiiie

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOMY JiiTOIIHCi JIHTOBChKHH

rri)J,pocTaB

BiHChKOBi IIOXO)J,H, Ha6npaBCH )J,OCBi)J,y.

1265

IIicJIH cMepTi 6aTLKa ( HHM

pp.,

,JleB KHH3h i3 CHHOM

IIOJIHKiB.

UJ:O

,oxpecTHB

6aThKOM JleBOM XO)J,HB y

rra)J,.lKyrrarr

,ypH)J,HHKOM PYChKOro KHH3H JlbBOBa".

CBOIO

HK rrnrne JiiTorrn-

CB0€10

XoJIMUJ:HHi

B JlHTBy,

paTTIO

XO)J,HJIH

Ili)J,JIHIIIIIIi,

IlOJihiD:Y·

p.) IOpiil o6'e)J,HaB rri)J, CBOIM rrpaBJiiH-

3eMJii.

Morrapxa

rn:o

rrpaBa

rrailroJioBrrirne, rra

)J,OMircn

yTBep)J,.lKeHHH

oKpeMo I

BoJtoiJuMup

110

Fpa 6oeeu, bKU i1

mo KniB yTpaTnB

raJinllhKOI MnTponoJiil. A BnKJinKano u;e 6y JIO TnM,

cBoe 3Haqennn BeJinKOKHH3iBChKoro npecToJiy, a KniBChKnil MnTpono-

12 9 9 pou;i y BoJio)J,nMnp- Cy3)J,aJihChKnil. To)J,i lOp iii

JinT nepelxaB y

JlbBOBnq 3a 3rO)J,OIO Bi3aHTiHChKOrO iMnepaTopa i naTpiapxa )J,OMircH Bi)J,KpnTTH y

raJinqi OKpeMOI MnTponoJiil.

raJinllhKO- BoJinHChKOro KHH3iBCTBa. TOM 6yB npn3naqennil Bi)J,HOBJieHHH JlbBOBnqa

ChKnH nncaB:

Hi<J>onT.

u;iJIOCTi

ou;iHIOBaJin

U:e 36iJihiiinJIO aBTOpnTeT

II epiiinM raJinllhKnM MnTponoJin-

raJinllhKO-BoJinHChKOI

Bi)J,OMi

)J,OCJii)J,HnKn.

)J,eplKaBn

TaK,

MnxaHJIO

IOpiH

rpyiiieB-

,3ro)J,oM, 3 noqaTKOM XIV cT. noBMnpaJin PoMaHoBnqi

BoJinHChKi, i Bci 3eMJii raJinllhKO-BoJinHchKi 3i6paJincn 3HOBY B O)J,Hnx pyKax nnil,

KHH3H IOpin, cnna JleBa ,UannJioBnqa. EyB ce KHH3h MoryT-

npaBnTeJih

)J,o6pnil

3eMJIH

TiiiinJiacn

ni)J,

iloro

nanyBaHHHM,

CnOKO€M i )J,OCTaTKOM; TaK rOBOpnTh 3BiCTKa nOJihChKOrO JiiTonncu;H i Te

CaMe

KalKyTh )J,eHKi

ni3Hiiiii

cnoMnHn...

,I(JIH

neBHiHIIInX

qaciB

nanyBaHHH IOpin 30CTaJiocn 30JIOTOIO )J,o6oro cBiTJiocTn, 6araTCTBa i CJiaBn raJinllhKO-BoJinHChKOI )J,eplKaBn". II O)J,i6ny OlliHKY npaBJiiHHH u;eif KHH3h OTpnMaB

II.

Kpnn'nKeBnqa,

HKnil,

30KpeMa, nncaB:

,IIicJIH cMepTi JlLBa i

McTncJiaBa Bci raJinllhKO-BoJinHchKi 3eMJii o6'e)J,HaJincn 3HOBY B O)J,He lliJie KHH3iBCTBO ni)J, BJia)J,OIO CnHa JlbBa, IOpiH. U:e 6yB KHH3h BeJinKOI eneprii i me 3a lKnTTH JlbBa po6nB cnpo6n noiiinpnTn CBOIO TepnTOpiiO,

nacTynaroqn

na Jiro6JiiH

EepecTH.

raJinllhKO-BoJinHchKnil

KHH3h, BiH npOHBnB CBOIO CnJiy TnM, IIIO npnHHHB TnTyJI KOpOJIH Pyci". Te, HK cTaB IOpiil JlLBOBnq KopoJieM Pyci, noKpnTo TaeMnnu;ero, ne BnHBJieno npo u;e i nepiiiO)J,MepeJI. AnaJioriqne 6yJio 3 npniiHHTTHM KOpOHn iforo )J,i)J,OM ,I(aHnJIOM Bi)J, nann 0)J,He

BaroMe

)J,MepeJio

)J,iHIIIJIO

)J,O

neqaTKa IOpin JlLBOBnqa. Ha niil

1254 p. y ,I(oporoqnni.

naiiioro

qacy

36eperJiacn

3o6paMeHHH KHH3H IOpin. Bono

Ha ChOrO)J,Hi yHiKaJibHe i €)J,nHe, HKe Bi)J,nOBi)J,a€ peaJiicTnqnoMy 306palKeHHIO

O)J,Horo

npaBnTeJiiB

PoMaHoBnqiB.

Bci

iniiii

KHH3i

)J,nnacTil PocTncJiaBnqiB i PoMaHoBnqiB 3o6paMyBaJinch )J,oci xy)J,oMHnKaMn Ha u;enTpi

)J,OBiJihHO. u;iil

neqaTu;i

KopoJIH

KpyrJiol

IOpin,

HKnil

CTapeu;h 3 )J,OBrOIO 6opO)J,OIO,

<J>opMn cn)J,nTh

O)J,Horo na

6oKy

npecToJii.

3 KOpOHOIO Ha rOJIOBi,

306palKeHO U:e a

noBalKHnH B pyKaX -

CKineTp. HaBKpyr no KOJIY u;iei nocTaTi JiaTnHChKnMn CJIOBaMn nann-

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

IlelfamKa 10pi5l

306pa:!1CeHH5lM

JlbBOBUlfa

carro:

,IleqaTKa

rreqaTKH IITHTOM Bolrra

y i

MeqeM.

qaciB

reoprin

U:e

TaKO.lK

rri)J,rrncyBaBcH

KHH3h KHIBChKHH,

IOpiil

Pyci".

€)J,HHe

yHiKaJibHe

pycLKHX

1315

KO-BOJIHHChKe

TaK:

THTYJIHprroro 3eMeJih,

IIicJIH cMepTi IOpin Ileprnoro, iHIIIHMH

reopriH,

JlLBOBnq

(rrpo

KHH3iBCTBO

rre

raJIHfihKOrO

ITo KOJIY

TaKo.lK rrarrnca-

BoJIO)J,HMHpChKOro". PycLKHil,

BH)J,HO

BOJIO)J,iB

BeJIHKHH

3Haqrri

HOrO

KopoJih

lOp in.

1308

)J,OCJii)J,HHKH)

CHHH

AH)J,piil

J1: 0-

rrpocTopn

cTaJiocn 3a O)J,HHMH )J,aHHMH

crrepeqaiOThCH

KHH.lKOrO

raJIHfihKHH, JlyrrhKHH,

rrepeJiiKy

ycrra)J,KyBaJIH

6ouj

KOHi

306pa.lKeHHH

,KopoJih

HKHMH

i1,pyroMy

BOIHa

KHH3H

BoJIO)J,HMHpO- BoJIHHChKHH'

B.lKe

rriB)J,errrro-3axi)J,HHX

6iK)

KopoJIH

306pa.lKeHHH

KOpO!l5l

XIV em.

nolfamKy

3BOpomHUU

,IleqaTKa BOJIO)J,apH

poroqnrrchKHil".

eoi"Ha

raJIHfihKo-BoJIHHChKOI )J,ep.lKaBH.

rro JiaTHHHIO: A

BOJIO)J,apn

rreHTpi

111

caJlUU,bKO-BOJlUHCbKOcO

i.ioco

(lluu,eeui.i

ToM

p.,

raJIHrrhJleB,

HKi

4 THTyJiyBaJIH

ce6e

,KHH3HMH

TOroqacHHX

BOJIO)J,iB

KO.lKeH

,UaHHJIO,

MOrOIO

HHX, y

BH3HaTH BJia)J,HCJiaB

cBoeMy

BoJIO)J,HMHpH

y)J,iJiaMH

BOHH TaK

CaMO,

rrpHKJia)J,OM

Op)J,eHOM

3aXHIITaJIHCH

KopoJii. y

raJinqnrrH HKHMH

BH)J,HO,

BMiJio,

IlOJihiiTi

rroJihChKi JloKeTHK

HiMerrhKHM

COI03HHKiB

IITHTOM )J,JIH

Pyci,

HeBi)J,OMO,

aJie,

3rO)J,i

ITOJIHKaMH,

3aXi)J,HHX

3aXHCHHM

)J,.lKepeJI

.lKHJIH

MHpHJIHCH

Bciel

qn HK

Op)J,HHrriB.

rrarrpHKJia)J,,

JIHCTi

rrncaB,

U:e

rroJihChKHH ,)J,Ba

CBOro,

3a )J,OITO-

BoHH

Bi)J, TaTapChKOI He6e3ITeKH. TaK,

3eMJIHMH IX rrpa)J,i)J,

6aTbKa

xpeCTOHOCrriB

Bi)J,

ocTarrrri

6yJIH

MyciJIH KopoJih pycLKi

BoJtoiJuMup

112

KHH3i,

TBep~HM

IIIJIH

~JIH

6yJIH

IlOJihmi

mHTOM Bm TaTap, 3iH~hOrO

Tpa6oeeu,bKUU

CBiTy"

,I(aTy Ta npHqHHH CMepTi ~HX nepe~ocTannix

PoMaHoBnqiB-

KHH3iB An~pin

JleBa ne

3Ha-

€MO qepe3 Bi~cyTHiCTh ~MepeJI. ,I(ocJii~HHKH

BHCyBaiOTh

meHHH,

BOHH

MOrJIH

npHny3arH-

HYTH B 6onx a6o IX MOrJIH OTpyiTH

TaTapH.

OcTanniM ChKHM

Be~hKOrO

Mapil, -

raJIH~hKO-BOJIHH-

KHH3eM

6yB

~oqKH

IOpin

IOpin ,Upyrnn

Bnq.

Bin

CHH

Ma30-

Tpon~ena

KHH3H

JlLBOBnqa Tpon~eno

raJIH~hKO-Bo

npaBHB

JIHHChKOIO ~epMaBOIO 3 1324 no

1340 piK i THTyJiyBaB ce6e ,KHH3eM i ~i~nqeM KopoJiiBChKOI Pyci" OcmaHHiu

KH5l3b iJep:J~Caeu

Ta!lUU,bKO- BoJtUHCbKOi IOpiu XyiJo:J~CHUK

Ta BMHBaB

KOpOJiiBChKY

neqaT-

KY cBoro ~i~a IOpin Ileprnoro.

TpouiJeHoeulf. MuxauJto

3a qac cBoro npaBJiiHHH IOpin

C/JicO!lb

npOTHCTOHB HaCTyny JlHTBH, MH-

i3 TeBTOHChKHM

pHBCH

op~enoM,

cnnpaBcn y

cBoin 30BHirnnin i

piiiiHiH noJiiTH~i Ha iH03eMHHX KOJIOHiCTiB-qexiB, JIHB

raJIH~hKO-BOJIHHChKHH

Kpan.

HiM~iB,

HKHMH

BHYT3ace-

He3a~oBoJieHHH

BHKJIHKaJio

BeJIHKoi raJIH~hKOI 6onpchKOI BepxiBKH Ta Mic~eBoro naceJieHHH. BpernTi, noro

6yJio

oTpyEno

ni~

qac

6enKeTy

raJIH~hKHMH

6onpaMH

7 KBiTHH

1340 p. TaK

3aKinqnJiocn

BOJIHHChKOMY Kpai,

nanyBaHHH

~HnacTii

PoMaHoBnqiB

HKa npaBHJia KiJihKa CTOJiiTh.

XTO

raJIH~hKO

6yJIH

3MOB-

HHKH npoTH ocTaHHhoro KHH3H IOpin Tpon~enoBnqa, BaMKO BH3naqnTH.

€

TiJihKH

Mic~eBOI

3~0ra~H,

HKHMH

npHnycKaiOTh,

6onpChKOI 3HaTi, MOMJIHBO

3a ~OMOBJieHiCTIO

6yJia

KHH3eM Jl106 apTOM, HKOrO 6y JIO no ca~MeHO TO~i Ha TpOH y MHpi

BoJIHHi.

3MOBa

3 JIHTOBChKHM BoJIO~H

ImocmpoeaHa icmopi5l IlpuKapnammR.

Jlucm

ynpaeume!l5l iJo

ToM

Fa!lUU,bKOf

cpoMaiJu

Micma

113

3eM!li TopHa

.aMumpa

.aeiJbKa

(TopyHR)

Ilicm1 3arn6eJii KHH3H IOpin II Tpoii)J,eHoBnqa cepe)], 6onp BH)J,iJIHBCH raJIHllhKHH

6onpnn ,UMnTpo ,Ue)J,hKO

BaBcH Bi)J, Tnx,

(,UeTLKo, ,UnTLKo).

6yJIH rrpoTH IOpin

Bin Bi)J,Me.lKy-

II, a 3 rrpnxo)J,OM KHH3H Jho6apTa

Ha BoJIHHh, orrnparoqnch Ha HhOro, oqoJIIOBaB 6oHpChKHH ypH)J, raJIHllhKoro

KHH3iBCTBa

40-x

pp.

XIV cToJiiTTH. ,Ue)J,hKO rrpoBO)J,HB BMiJiy

IIOJiiTHKY B IIpHKaprraTChKOMY KpaiO, 3aXH!llaiOqH KHH3iBCTBO Bi)J, HaiTa)J,iB Yropmnnn, IloJihllli if oco6JIHBO ,rrpoBi3opa"

a6o

yrrpaBHTeJIH

TaTap. ,UMnTpo ,Ue)J,hKO MaB 3BaHHH

PychKOI 3eMJii.

iloro

rrpaBJiiHHH

JIHllhKe KHH3iBCTBO me 36epiraJio He3aJie.lKnicTh. 3 cepe)J,HHH JiiTTH )J,OJIH

KOJIHCh

rrpnKaprraTChKa

MoryTHhOrO

3eMJIH,

raJIHllhKOrO

CKJiaJiacn

Tpariqno

KHH3iBCTBa, cTopiHKH

ra-

XIV cTo-

KY)J,H iloro

BXO)J,HJia icTopii'

CTaJIH JiiTOIIHCOM HOBHX BiKiB.

YKPAIHCbKA JJ:EP2KABA POCTllCJIABlllJIB I POMAHOBlllJIB Y MI2KHAPOJJ:HllX BIJJ:HOCIIHAX XII-XIII CT. OJiiTnqna

icTopiH

raJIHllhKO- BoJIHHChKOI KHH.lKOI yKpaiHChKOI

)J,ep.lKaBH 3a KHH3IOBaHHH )J,HHacTii PocTHCJiaBnqiB Ta PoManoBnqiB,

30KpeMa, II BHyTpiiiiH€ .lKHTTH, )J,OCHTh IIOBHO BHCBiT-

BoJtoiJuMup

114

JieHi B MOHOrpa<J>inx

13H)J,Opa

illapaHeBnqa,

MnxaiiJia

Fpa 6oeeu, bJW i1 rpyrneBChKOro,

B. IIarnyTn, K. Co<J>ponenKa, IBana Kpnrr'nKeBnqa, a TaKoM B rrpau;nx E. Pn6aKOBa, M. KoTJIHpa, I. KoBaJIH Ta B. EonqyKa. IIpoTe raJinq HK CTOJIHIIH

raJIHllhKO- BoJIHHChKOrO KHH3iBCTBa B MilKHapO)J,HHX Bi)J,HOCH-

HaX XII-Xill Haiiiy

cT.

yBary

MaiiMe ne BnBqennil.

CaMe

IIHX

IIHTaHHHX,

Bnxo)J,nqn 3 u;Loro, aJie

IIi)],

KYTOM

3YIIHHHMO

30py

CTOJIHlli

raJIHllhKOI 3eMJii. raJinq, HK CTOJIHIIH raJIHllhKO- BoJIHHChKOI )J,epMaBH, 6yB CBi)J,KOM 6araThOX )J,HIIJIOMaTHqHHX Miciil.

raJIHllhKOrO KHHlKOrO )J,BOpy Ha)J,CHJiaJIH

rrocJiiB B pi3ni eBporreilcLKi )J,epMaBH HiMeqqnny' i

IloJILmY, Yropmnny, Bi3anTiro,

3Bi)J,TH rrpHI3)J,HJIH IIOCOJihCTBa y

raJIHllhKHH rpa)J,.

RK Bi)J,oMo, )J,HHacTiiO raJIHllhKHX KHH3iB 3arroqaTKyBaB

PocTHCJiaB,

BHYK .HpocJiaBa MyiJ,poro. Bin, 3a cJioBaMH aBTopa KniBChKoro JiiTorrncy, 6yB ,MylK )J,06JieCHHH B 6 010, a Ha 3picT CTaBHHH i

KpaceH JIHlleM, i

MHJIOCTHBHH )J,O y6ornx". PocTHCJiaB 3 IIpnKaprraTTH rrepelxaB y TLMyTopoKaHh,

)J,e

Bi3anTil.

KHH310BaB,

Toro

qacy

1066 pou;i iloro OTpyiB IIOCJiaHellh 3

MOMHa

roBopnTH

rrpo

raJIHllhKO-Bi3anTiilcLKi

Bi)J,HOCHHH. IIicJIH PocTHCJiaBa rrpnKaprraTChKHH rrpecTiJI ycrra)J,KyBaJIH Tpn iloro MaJioJiiTHi cnnn:

PropnK, BacHJihKO i

BoJio)J,ap. IM )J,OBeJiocn neJierKo

3aKpirrJIIOBaTH 3a co6o10 u;i y)J,iJIH qepe3 rrparneHHH IloJILmi il YropIIIHHH 3aXOIIHJIH JiaCHH IIIMaTOK TO)J,iiiiHhOI raJIHllhKOI YKpaiHH.

Epa-

TH, HKi MHpHO MilK co6010 lKHJIH, 30 poKiB Bi)J,CTOIOBaJIH 6aThKiBChKY

1097 poKy rrepec-

crra)J,mHHY i JIHIIIe rricJIH Jiro6eu;LKoro 3'I3)J,Y KHH3iB TaJIH JiaX

6yTH KHH3HMH-i3rOHMH. -

II epeMHIIIJihChKOMY,

RK IIHCaB M.

BoHH

MiliHO

3aKpiiiHJIHCH y

3Bennropo)J,ChKOMY,

rpyrneBChKHH,

u;i

,MOJIO)J,i,

TphOX y)J,i-

Tepe6oBJIHHChKOMY.

3)J,i6ni,

enepriilni i )J,OCHTh

Herrepe6ipqi, 3)J,a€ThCH, B CIIpaBaX 6opOTh6H, BOHH BCTHrJIH o6opOHHTH

CBOIO

II03HlliiO,

xoq

BeJIHKHX

ne6e3rreqnnx rrpnro)J,ax

cTpa-

Tax". KHH3i BHTpnMaJIH naTHCK BOJIHHChKoro KHH3H .HporroJIKa, )J,OM

BacHJihKa

OCJiiiiHB

KHH3h

,UaBH)J,,

rropyiiiHBIIIH

Jiro6eu;hKOMY 3'I3)J,i.

BacHJihKO rrpncnraBCH

pe)J,

6oKy

ne6e3rreKoiO

BHCTYIIHTH poTL6a IIpOTH

rrpoTH

IloJILmi

rroJioBellhKOI

raJIHllhKOI KHHMOI Tpiilu;i IIOJIHKiB,

yrpiB

HaBiTh

TaK

(BacnJILKa,

IIOJIOBlliB.

)J,aHy

o6opOHHTH raJinqnny rre-

Yropmnnn,

naBaJIH.

aJie 3ro-

KJIHTBY,

TaKoM

o6iu;HB

3arroqaTKyBaJiacn PropnKa

6o-

BoJio)J,apn)

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

BoJIHHChKi caM KopoJih MHIIIJieM

u;e

qacy

HOCHHH

OJieKcin

BacHJihKo,

rroMororo

rrncaB,

IIIO

IIOJIOHHJIH

1122

li)KaBo il Te,

qacH,

IIIeBChKHH,

Ille

CMepTIO rri3Hiiiie 40-x

BacHJihKa y

CTa€

Bi3aHTino.

Bi3aHTiHChKOrO Bi)J,-

HacTyrr

IloJILIIIY· 3

rroJIHKiB

BacHJihKOM

XO)J,HB

HOrO

KHIBChKHH

PocTHCJiaBnqeM

BoJio)J,ap,

IIOJIOHY

)J,O-

JiiTorrn-

HKoro

BOHH

BacHJihKO

B.lKe

)J,e

po3rpOMJieHHX

PoCTHCJiaBHqiB,

3aciB

IIIO

BacHJihKO.

,CHM

rrepiiiiH

co6i

Ha)J,)J,HiCTpHHChKHH

aJie

Tphox

3YIIHHHTH

lliJIOI

yci u;e

I I rrepe11, arpeci10

CHHa

BHCTyrrae

pyXOM TO

raJIHq. aJie,

Tpe6a

BH)J,HO

Ha)J,rpyIIOHC-

Ille

1090-x

poKax

3)J,a€ThCH, Ille rrepe11, B

YCHKOMY

pa3i,

IIOJIY)J,HeBOI raJIHqHHH,

u;i

BH)J,iJIH€ThCH

y)J,iJIH

)J,aTy€ThCH He

IIOJIHKiB

O)J,He 1141

JIHIIIe

crrpo6aMH

CTpHMyroqn

KHH3iB,

YropiiiHHH.

IIiCJIH

He a

raJIHqHHH".

BHIIpo6yBaHHH

KHIBChKHX

apeHy

raJIHq.

PocTHCJiaBnqiB

Bi3aHTiero.

IIi)J,TpHMKOIO

CTaB

6oJirap

CTBep)J,.lKyBaB

IIOJIOBHHi,

CTOJIHlleiO

o6'e)J,HaB

BHIIaJIO

BiH

raJIHqi,

Bi)J,CTOHTH

XHTpicTIO IloJILilli

CTOJIOM

CTaB

Haiia)J,iB.

KOJIOHi3au;iHHHM

HKHH

CTOJIHlleiO

TypKiB

U:e

HKe

CTOJIHlleiO

Bi)J,HOCHHH

3apyqHBCH

TphOX

CTapiiiHM

CHHiB

KHH3iB,

arpecii

BacHJihKO HaMaraBcH KOJIOHi3yBaTH IloHH33H

30-x poKaX

BoJIO)J,HMHpKOBi )J,ep.lKaBy,

rreqeHi3hKO-IIOJIOBellhKHX

IIHCaB,

BoJIO)J,apeBHq,

ChKHX

3)J,o6yBa€

OCHOBHOIO

CHHOM

raJIHllhKO-Bi3aHTiilcLKi

BacHJihKa BBa.lKa«eThCH Tepe6oBJIH,

qoTHphox

iJ,PY.lKHi

3HaqeHHH,

BacHJihKa,

arreTH-

BoJio)J,apeBnqa.

rroJIHKiB

BHKYIIHB

qacTHHOIO

raJinq,

KOJIH

CTOJIHlleiO

cTpHMaTH

,rroJioBu;i

IIIO KHH3h

BiHH

)J,HicTpHHChKHH

pou;i,

HKOIOCh

Bi3aHTiHChKHX

HHTH

pou;i

TaKo.lK

yropChKi

PocTHCJiaBnqiB

Ili3Hiiiie

rroxi11,

IIepe-

40 THCHq

rpHBeHh.

(Ilo)J,iJIJIH)

3)J,iilcHHB

rri11,

6iJIH

rpyiiieBChKHH.

BoJIO)J,HMHpa

1092

JIHXiB". y

aJie

TyT 3arHHYJIO

BoJIO)J,apH

HaMararoqnch

rroJIOBlliB,

rrycTOIIIHJIH

)J,OqKH

KoMHeHa.

yropu;iB,

OCJia6HJia TaKO.lK

MnxaHJIO 36JIH.lKeHHH

IIIJII06

rrorJIH6HJIHCH

KHH3h

THCHq

rroqaJiocn

11,0

PocTHCJiaBnqiB,

po36HTO.

6HTBa"

IIHCaB

)J,OIIOMory

rrpoTH

6yJIO

115

ToM no

BHCTYIIHB

HOrO

CBi)J,qHTh

iMrrepaTopa

ceu;h

3BepHyJIHCH

,IlepeMHIIIJihChKa raJIHqHHy"

Toro

Ilpo

KHH3i

KoJioMaH

1099 poKy

BOHKiB. TH

IlpuKapnammR.

IIOJihChKOrO

yTpHMaTH

yropu;iB,

MeqeM

KHIBChKHH KHH3H

KHH3iBCTBO

pOKOM.

KHIBChKHX

BoJIO)J,HMHpKo

OcKiJihKH

BoJIO)J,HMHp-

BeJIHKY

qepHiriBIIOCHJIHTH

)J,HIIJIOMaTiero,

3YIIHHH€ KHH3h

bOJieCJiaBa

crrpo6n

BceBOJIO)J, KpHBOyc-

116

BoJtoiJuMup

114 4

Toro rroJIKaMH

)J,OIIOMOrH MOry

6aHa

AJie

poKy

rroqaB

neJiyiiia.

6iJILIIIe

EaTaJiii

KOJIH,

KoJIOMaH

3aiiOBiB

poo;i,

U:n

3rO)J,OM

ChKOrO

13HCJiaBa,

o;Loro poM

BoJIO)J,HMHpKo

MaHyiJioM,

BopoMHX

KniBChKHH )J,HMHpKo Ha

MaTnqHo CH

IIHB

ren3y,

Bi)J,rroBi)J,ae

6yJIO

KHH3H.

IIOCJIYlKHB JIHXaMH

MHOri )J,apH IIOCY)J,OM KOpOJIH, IlhOrO

rn:o6

BiH

36poi1Ho

ID:O

6iK.

TBiH

CJiirroro KHIB-

BHaCJii)J,OK 3

iMrrepaTopoKy

6yB

rrpHMYCHB

rpa)J,H.

III, 0

CBOIMH

CBOrO

6opoHHTH

BiH H

MeHe

O)J,elKeiO,

HhOrO qacy Bi)J,

BOJii

rroJIHKiB

3aJIHIIIaJIHCH

rroo6i-

BIIJIHHYTH

qepe3

CBOIX

HOrO

MeHi

o6i)J,y,

BOHH

KOpOJieBi

cpi6JIOM, B6JiaraJIH

BqHHHB".

)J,OIIOMaraB

neJii

rrpecTiJI.

BoJIO)J,HMHpKa,

rroqaTKax

IIOCJiiB )J,OCHTh

rrpocTH •••

30JIOTOM, a6H

Ha Ha

rroTpi6Ho

TBO€MY

yropchKHH

CHHa

)J,HIIJIO-

IIOMHpHTH-

xpecT"

OT£110

BoJIO)J,HMHpKO

OcMOMHCJia,

ren3H

BoJIO)J,HMHpKOBi?

MylKa THM

cpi6HHM,

HaCTYII

6oKy

MOr JIO

IIOJIKaMH

CrroM'HHH

BoJio-

BoJIO)J,HMHpKoBi

yropo;HMH, CJiiiiHH,

I3HCJiaBa

,o;iJiyBaB

KoJIH

rn:o

1152

BoJIO)J,HMHpKo

HaBiTh

apo;n6icKyrry

CTaB

)J,OIIOMaraTH

THM,

)J,OIIOMOrOIO

TOll

6yB

rroqaB

HepiBHi,

JiiTorrnceo;L.

13HCJiaBa

.HpocJiaBa

Yroprn:HHOIO

6yJIH

0cTaHHiH

6HBCH.

KOpOJieM

CeCTpOIO

114 7

rroxo)J,y

10 9 9

neJIH

Bi3aHTiero,

TOMY

3apyqHBCH

CIIHCOM

BiH

HOrO

rrpHMHpHTHCH

rrorO)J,HBCH

30JIOTHM,

Bi)J,HOCHHH rn:ero

BiH

Hhoro

Mir

BOJIHHChKi

, 0Tellh

BHCJiaB

ren30IO,

HaCTYII

BHXO)J,HTh,

CJiirroMy

KHeBy

CBOIM

KOpOJih

yropChKHM

xpecToBoro

CHJIH

KHIBChKHH

ren3i:

KOpOJIH

3eMJii,

BiH

KHH3eM.

rn:o

CTpHMaTH

Hara)J,aB

13ncJiaB

IIepeMHIIIJih.

IIOBepHyTH

Yroprn:HHOIO

HeB)J,aqi

BHCTYIIHJIH

CTaB

IIOMHpaiOqH,

OlKeHHBCH

B3ae-

BOpOlKHMH.

KaTacTpolj>iqHol

pyCHHaX 3a

Bi)J,HOCHHH

)1,0110-

fl:oro

Ha)J,aJii

3a3HaJIH

XpOHiK,

ren3a

Yroprn:HHOIO.

BOJIHHChKi

IIOMHpHBCH

yropChKOro

neJia

Bi)J,

BceBoJio)J,y.

3a CHH

3arrpocHB

HOMY

TOMY

rn:e

KHH3h

raJIHIIhKHM

KOpOJIH u;e

HKHH

3aHHHB

raJIHIIhKOro

rriiiioB

HOrO

BHCJiaB

BoJIO)J,HMHpKa

IIOJihChKHMH

3BeHHropO)J,ChKOI <J>opTeuj.

yrpn

yropChKHX

HaB 'H3ye

cTocyHKax

)J,e

IIOMCTHTHCH

3pOCJia

(1131-1141). KHH3H

Bi)J,HOCHHH

112 3

rrpHH3Hh

ocTaHHiil

3aJIHIIIHJIHCH

rro6olrn:a,

)J,aHHMH

CHHOBi

HKHH

rri)J,KOpHBCH

rrpaBHTeJIHMH

PoCTHCJiaBHqi

crriJihHO.

ren3H,

rroqaJIHCH

3arocTpHJIHCH

KHH3HMH

BoJIO)J,HMHpKa,

KOpOJIH

IIepeMHIIIJihChKoro

IIOpa3KH,

IIOKipHHMH

XHTpo-My)J,po

IIOJihChKHMH

III,e rricJIH

iHIIIHMH

yropChKOrO

BoJIO)J,HMHpKo

MHHH

HacTyrraTH

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

iloro

IloJih-

KHH3IOBaHHH

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

CIIOKiHHHMH. ABTop

YropChKHH

,CJioBa

ropH

yropChKi

IIIJIHX",

IlpuKapnammR.

rroJIKY

CBOIMH

HaJie.lKHO

rrpoxo)J,HJIH

qepe3

KOpOJih

IropeBiM" 3aJii3HHMH

OXOpOHHB

rn:o

IIOJIKaMH,

KOp)J,OHH

3apyqnTHCH

xoTiB

o.lKeHHTH

CIIpaBH

.HpocJiaB,

raJinqa.

,rri)J,rreprnn

3aCTYIIHBIIIH

raJIHIIhKOrO

KOpOJieBi

KHH3iBCTBa,

HKi

KaprraTn. (

1161), CTOCYHKH JlpOCJiaBa 3

CTelj>aHoM III 3arocTpHJIHCH.

qnch

rri)J,TpHMKOIO cBoro

Hiqoro He BHHIIIJIO. JieM.

BTpyqaBCH

rrncaB,

AJie 3 qacoM, IIiCJIH CMepTi reif3H HOBHM KopoJieM

117

ToM

cnHa

raJinqa 3

)J,oqKoiO

OcTaHHiil,

6opOTh6i

OcMOMHCJia,

raJinq rriiiiOB Ha 36JIH.lKeHHH 3

HaJiaro)J,HJIHCH

B3a€MHHH

raJIHIIhKoro

HaMararo-

rrpOTH

Bi3aHTil,

aJie

u;Loro

KoHCTaHTHHOIIO-

KHH3H

Bi3aHTiHIIHMH

CTOCOBHO llpH)J,yHaHChKOro nepJia)J,ChKOro y)J,iJiy. niJihiiie Toro, 6paTaHnq BTiK

iMrrepaTopa AHiJ,poHiKa

)1,0

raJinqa

rrpniiHHB

TYT

.HpocJiaB

Mi.lK u;icapeM i

OcMOMHCJI,

KHp

,Y piK

.HpocJiaBa B

(AHiJ,pOHiKa)

)J,aB

raJinq.

iloMy

iforo

apernTy

rOCTHHHO

HacTaJio rrpnMnpeHHH

KniBChKOMY JiiTo-

)1,0

KJIHqyqn

HhOrO

errncKorra

cBoro

iforo

)1,0

BeJIHKOIO Ky3LMY

rrpHHHHB

.HpocJiaB

AJie rroTiM rrpncJiaB u;ecap

MHTpOIIOJIHTiB,

)J,pOHiKa)

KOJIH

)J,e

U:e JiaKoHiqHo 3alj>iKcoBaHo y

rrpHH3HIO,

rri)J,)J,ep.lKKH. )],BOX

rroTiM,

He6e3rreKoiO

qac,

6673 (1165). IIpn6ir i3 U:ecaprpa)J,a 6paTaH u;ecapiB

AHiJ,pOHiK )1,0

BeJIHKOIO

rrepe)J,

)J,eHKHH

BTiKaqeM, raJIHIIhKHH KHH3h Bi)J,IIYCTHB iloro y Bi3aH-

TiiO 3 rroqecTHMH. rrnci:

KoMHHH

rrepe6yBaB

(rpeu;LKHH ce6e,

qecTIO, i

)],BOX

iloro .HpocJiaB

)J,eKiJILKa

ropo)J,iB

)J,JIH

MaHyiJI

KoMHHH)

JlpOCJiaB

O)J,IIYCTHB

IIpHCTaBHBIIIH My.lKiB

cBolx

)1,0

(AH-

HaH3HaTHi-

rnnx". IQo)J,O IIoJihUJ:i, TO TYT )J,ern:o 3MiHHJIOCH y qeM i

Bi)J,HOCHHax Mi.lK raJIH-

KpaKOBOM 3 rrpnqnHH BTeqi KHHrHHi 0JILrn 3 CHHOM BoJIO)J,HMH-

poM 3a rri)J,MOBOIO raJIHIIhKHX 6onp.

CrrpaBa B TOMY, rn:o .HpocJiaB 6yB

B rro3aiiiJII06HoMy 3B'H3KY 3 HacTeiO

HarpiBHOIO.

IIoJILID:a rrpniiHHJia

KHHrHHIO, i KHH3h MYCHB IIOKOpHTHCH (,IIiJiyBaTH xpecTa") Ta IIOMHpHTHCH

3 KHHrnHeiO,

H acTycro 6onpn crraJIHJIH.

U:iKaBnil BHCJiiB aBTopa , CJioBa o rroJIKY IropeBiM": 3 6aThKiBChKOrO 30JIOTOrO rrpeCTOJIY B CYJITaHiB",

, CTpiJinern TH TyT,

oqeBH)J,HO,

HaTHK Ha TpeTiH xpeCTOBHH IIOXi)J, HiMellhKOrO iMrrepaTopa <l>pi)J,pixa Eap6apoccn poKaX,

rrpoTH

cyJITaHa

CaJia)J,iHa,

HKHH

Bi)J,6yBcH

1189-1192

B HKOMY, Ha iJ,YMKY )J,OCJii)J,HHKiB, MaJIH 6paTH yqaCTh IIOJIKH

.HpocJiaBa.

118

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

13 CMepTIO JlpOCJiaBa 0 CMOMHCJia 118 7 poKy 3arOCTpHJIHCH yropChKO-raJIHllhKi Bi)J,HOCHHH. Ba,

KHH3h

MiHKOIO,

BoJIO)J,HMHp, KopOJih

neJia

6aiiiTY 3 lKOHOIO 3aHHHB 6nJIH

HKHH A

raJinq,

IIHM

CaM

yTiKaTH

BipOJIOMHO

BHKJIHKaJIH

na Tpon

npHIXaB )1,0

MYCHB

cBoro

IBana

Yropmnnn

BCa)J,HB

yBipBaBCH

ce6e

iloro B

3 BiHChKaMH

cnna AniJ,pin.

npoTH

cnna

)J,O

O)J,HHB )J,06HTOK

noca)J,HB na Tpon

3anpocnJIH

THM

6onp

,CHJIOMillh

iloro",

raJinqan

6onpn

U:e 6yJIO BHKJIHKaHe THM, IIIO CHH JlpOCJia-

qepe3

Yropu;i

rno-

neB)J,OBOJieHHH.

EepJia)J,HHKa -

To)J,i

PocTHCJiaBa,

raJinqa.

qacoM

BoJIO)J,HMHp

BHpBaBcH

yropchKOI neBoJii,

BTiK )J,O

HiMeqqnnn i 3a )J,onoMororo iMnepaTopa <l>pi)J,pixa Eap6apoccn, HKOMY

o6iu;HB

mopiqno

raJIHllhKHH TpOH i 3i CMepTIO

)J,aBaTH

)J,Bi

Tncnqi

rpnBeHh,

HOrO

3MiHHJIOCH.

KHH310BaHHH

co6i

10 poKiB (1188-1198).

CH)J,iB Ha HhOMY

BoJIO)J,HMHpa JlpOCJiaBOBHqa,

B raJinqi Ha KHHlKHH TpOH

(1198-1205). 3a KopoTKHH

3aciB BOJIHHChKHH KHH3h PoMaH McTHCJiaBoBnq nepio)J,

noBepnyB

Bi)J,HOCHHaX

Bin TaK npoBO)J,HB BHyTpiiiiHIO

KpaiHaMH i

€BpOnH

)J,elliO

30BHiiiiHIO noJiiTHKY,

npo Hhoro IIInpoKo 3aroBopHJIH ne JIHIIIe no Bciil YKpalni-Pyci, aJie il y eBponeHChKHX KpaiHaX, Ha3HBaiOqH HOrO ,BiKOnOMHHM CaMO)J,epM£1eM Bciel Pycn", KHH3h

,BeJIHKHM u;apeM",

PoMaH

,u;apeM B PycLKiil 3eMJii".

ni)J,TpnMyBaB

Miu;ni

3B'H3KH

Bi3anTiero,

IIIHHOIO, 6paB yqacTh B 6HTBi Ha M 03rani B II OJihllli ( KHH3iB

Ka3HMnpoBnqiB

npoTH

M eiiiKa,

yropchKHM KopoJieM AniJ,pieM i

6yB y

Yrop-

119 5) Ha 6ou;i

6JIH3hKHX cTocynKax 3

naBiTh MpiHB iTn noxo)J,OM na CaKco-

niro. B 3

icTopiorpalj>il icnyBaJia iJ,YMKa,

BaTHKaHOM,

nana

KOpony. AJie M. Bin

nniiie:

nepeMir

III

6yJIH HKich

MaB

HOMY

3B'H3KH

Ha)J,iCJiaTH

PoMana B

rpyiiieBChKHH BBalKaB u;e TiJihKH JiereH)J,OIO.

,Bona

yrpiB

IHOKeHTiH

onoBi)J,ae

JIHXiB,

ni)J,6HB

TaK.

co6i

Ilana,

yew

noqyBIIIH,

PycL,

npncJiaB

raJinq

Ocb IIIO PoMaH

nocJiiB )J,O

PoMana, naMOBJIHIOqn iloro na JiaTHHCTBo, Ta o6iu;HB iloMy KopoJiiBChKHH Bineu;h

noMiq

cB.

IIeTpa

)J,JIH

)J,aJihiiiHX

3aBOIOBaHh.

AJie

PoMaH

noBiB 3 nocJiaMH )J,HCnyT npOTH JiaTHHCTBa ,OT nHCMa", a Ha o6iu;HH3annTaB:

KY nOMOrTH, BHHHHB CBiH Meq IIIO -

6epeThCH Mae

BiHHOIO

CBiH,

HOMY He

noMaraTH

xoqe

(KpOBHIO)

KynyBaTH

,HKOlKe

OTIIH

, qn TaKnil Meq Mae nana,

3aBOIOBannnx? BOJIO)J,iHh H

)J,i)J,H

,UoKH

HHIII 010 Haiiii

Bin

PoMaH

lliHOIO,

HK TiJihKH

p03MHOlKHJIH

3eMJIIO

ImocmpoeaHa PycKyiO ". ( o6pa3

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

119

ToM

Ce orroBi)J,aHHe Mae B.lKe Bnpa3Hi cJii)J,H PoMaHoBeH JiereH)J,H

rpi3Horo

JiaTHHCTBOM,

PoMaHa), B

ciil

3 i1,pyroro -

lj>opMi

HOrO

cJii)J,H

Tpe6a

rri3Hirnoi eMy JIHD;ii 3

TpaKTyBaTH

pirnyqe

JiereH)J,y". PoMaH MaB 3B'H3KH 3 Bi3aHTiero. B

icTopnqHiil JiiTepaTypi BCTaHo-

BHJiacn iJ,YMKa, mo rrepe)J, HacTyrroM xpecTOHOCIIiB Ha KoHcTaHTHHOIIOJih, CTOJIHIIIO Bi3aHTii, iMrrepaTop OJieKciil III AHreJI rroKHHYB II i rrpn6yB y

raJinq

ChKOro

KHH3H

)1,0

icTopnKa XV

PoMaHa. cT.

II p

~:~e

)J,OBi)J,yeMOCH 3 rrpa~:~i IIOJih-

RHa ,UJiyrorna,

HKHH

rrnrne,

(TaK BiH Ha3HBaB iMrrepaTopa OJieKcin III AHreJia)

mo Acxapiroc

rrepe)J, 3)J,o6yTTHM

KoHcTaHTHHOIIOJIH yTiK crroqaTKY )J,O XepcoHeca B IIpnqopHoMop'n, a 3Bi)J,TH rrpn6yB HHB,

TYT

xpoHiCTH -

raJinqa, )J,e HOrO raJIHIIhKHH KHH3h rOCTHHHO IIpHH-

)1,0

BiH

He)J,OBrO

neJihChKHH Ta M.

BTeqy Bi3aHTiHChKOrO

rrepe6yBaB.

Jl.

,UJiyroiiieM,

KpoMep -

iMrrepaTopa

rri3Hiiiii

TaKO.lK 3ra)J,yBaJIH rrpo

raJinqa.

)1,0

A )J,aJii B rycTHHChKOMY JiiTorrnci 3aiiHCaHo, mo KOJIH xpeCTOHOCIIi ,rrpnii)J,orna KO

o6peTorna AJieKcen AHreJia ~:~apn

U:apnrpa)J,y MopeM,

rpeqecKoro HeroToBa, nx .lKe AJieKceil HMeH

rpe~:~ax

HHKOrO

.lKe

ce6e

y6onJicH,

IIpHH3HOro,

K ceMy .lKe HKO He cero

Jil caaKHIO, OCJieiiJieHHOMY 6paTy CBOeMy,

flapCTBO

pa)J,H

OCTaBHB

a CaM CO CBOHMH

6onpaMH CO MHO.lKeCTBOM 6oraTCTBa i COKpOBHm rro6e.lKe B pyccKyiO 3eMJIIO' K PoMaHy 3

IIHMH

icTopnK M.

McTHCJiaBnqy B raJinq".

lj>aKTaMH

IIOrO)J,HJIHCH

1966

KoTJIHP y

iHIIIi

po~:~i

iCTOpHKH.

B cTaTTi

0)J,HaK

,,Uo rrnTaHHH

KHIBChKHH rrpo BTeqy

1204 PO IIi" rrpo6yBaB CllpOCTy-

Bi3aHTiHChKOrO iMrrepaTopa B raJIHq y

BaTH 1:110 Bepciro, BBa.lKaroqn, mo BTeqa iMrrepaTopa OJieKcin ill reJia )J,O

raJinqa He Mae icTopnqHoro rri)J,rpyHTH i

Horo po3yMiHHH pyChKO-Bi3aHTiHChKHX Bi)J,HOCHH rroqaTKY Xill TH.

,UJIH IIi)J,TBep)J,.lKeHHH CBOei iJ,YMKH

CBOIX

Bepcii,

rrpa£1HX

Hi.lK

,6yJIH

cyqacHi"

MeHIII

KaTeropnqHHMH

KoTJIHp,

IIHChMeHHHKa i1,pyroi IIOJIOBHHH XII aTa,

cyqacHHKiB

IV -ro

xpeCTOBoro

CTOJiiT-

aBTOp IIOCHJiaeThCH Ha Te,

TaKi icTopHKH, HK B. TaTimeB, ,U. JinxaqoB, H. ,UarnKeBnq, y

AH-

rrpHBO)J,HTh )J,O xn6-

rrocnJiaroqnch rroqaTKY IIOXO)J,Y

CTBep)J,.lKeHHi Ha CT.

E. Pn6aKoB Iliei

Bi3aHTiilcLKoro HiKiTy XoHi-

BiJIJibap)J,yeHa Ta

reopriH

AKporroJiiTa, BBa.lKae, mo iMrrepaTop OJieKciil MYCHB )J,OBro CKHTaTHCH 110

rpe~:~ii,

IleJIOIIOHeci,

MOHaCTHpi CB.

reHyi,

MaKe)J,OHii,

JIKHHTa, IIOMep, OTO.lK He Mir

IIOTiM,

yB'H3HeHHH

6yTH B raJinqi.

120

BoJtoiJuMup

0)J,HaK

Bci

11,i )J,OKa3u

KoT JH!pa

ne )J,OCUTh

Fpa 6oeeu, bJW i1

rrepeKOHJIUBi.

Ilo-

IV xpecToBoro rroxo)J,y H. XoniaT, BiJIJihap)J,yen i

rreprne, cyqacnuKu

r. AKpOIIOJiiT, 111,0 3ra)J,yBaJIU rrpo 11,10 IIO)J,iiO, 3 TUX qu iHIIIUX rrpuqun He

rOBOpUJIU

rrpo

Bi)J,Xi)J, iMrrepaTopa )1,0

raJiuqa.

IJo-)J,pyre,

icTopuK H. ,UJiyrorn, HKUM 3ra)J,yBaB rrpo Bi)J,Xi)J, OJieKcin

Bi)J,OMUM

III AnreJia )J,O

raJiuqa, 6yB 6JIUMqe )1,0 TUX IIO)J,iM, i, HarreBHO, KOpUCTyBaBCH HKUMUCh )J,Mep eJiaMu,

)J,iMrnJiu

)J,O

narn oro

qacy.

II o- Tp eT€,

TOM

TaTimeB TaKU BU3Ha€, 111,0 iMrrepaTop rrpUXO)J,UB )1,0 PoMaHa raJIUII,hKO3a HUM H. ,UarnKeBuq, rrocuJiaiOquch na ,UJiyrorna, rrpHMO rrucaB:

ro.

,IIicJIH

3)J,o6yTTH

KoncTaHTunorroJIH

xpecTonociJ,HMU

mo y

PoMana McTucJiaBoBuqa rnyKaB rrpuTyJIKY

rrr

paTop OJieKciM

Bi3anTiMChKUM

E. Pu6aKOB TaKOM

iMrrepaTop yTiK )1,0 raJiuqa". AKa)J,eMiK

CTBep)J,My€,

Bi3anTiMChKUM iMrre-

1204 p. puiJ,apHMU-xpeCTOHOC-

AnreJI, BUrHaHUM B

Il,HMU. Buxo)J,nqu BUCHOBOK

IJ,horo,

MOMeMo

KoTJIHpa rrpo Te,

CTBep)J,MyBaTu, 111,0

KaTeropuqnuM

,cJii)J, rreperJIHHYTH BepciiO rrpo

BTeqy iMrrepaTopa )1,0 raJiuqa", HerrepeKOHJIUBUM i 3aJIUIIIa€ThCH TiJihKU

crrpo6010

ITi)J,irHaTU

11,10 IIO)J,iiO

ITi)J, HOBY MaJIOBipori)J,Hy Bepci10".

QqeBU)J,Ho, rrpu6yTTH Bi3aHTiMChKoro iMrrepaTopa OJieKcin

III An-

reJia )1,0 raJiuqa TaKU MaJIO MiCIJ,e y Bi3aHTiMChKO-raJIUII,hKUX Bi)J,HOCUHaX, TUM 6iJihllle, 111,0 CJiaBa MoryTHhOrO rrpaBUTeJIH €Bporri.

rrpu6yTTH

)J,pOHiKa

HaBO)J,UTh

)1,0

raJiuqa iJ,YMKY,

6yJia Bi)J,OMa

39 poKaMU panirne 3ra)J,aHoro An111,0

raJiuq

IIpUBepTaB

yBary

CTOJIUII,H Bi)J,OMUX

MoryTHhOI

Bi3aHTiMChKUX

iMrrepaTopiB, HKi ITi)J,TpUMyBaJIU 3 raJiuqeM MiMHapO)J,Hi )J,UIIJIOMaTuqni Bi)J,HOCUHU, B

a B pa3i He6e3ITeKU 3HaXO)J,UJIU TYT Ha)J,iMHUM IIpUTYJIOK.

1185

po11,i

IIOBepHyTU )1,0

TOM

raJiuqa,

KoHCTaHTUHOIIOJii

AniJ,poniK

Ta IJ,e

MOMY

rro6yBaJIU IIOCJIU

He 3

Bi3aHTil B)J,aJIOCH.

raJiuqa

naMaraBcH AJie

3HOBY

1200 poKy B

3 )J,UIIJIOMaTuqnoiO

ci€10. 3)J,a€ThCH, qu He HaM6iJihllle aKTUBi3yBaJIUCH MiMHapO)J,Hi Bi)J,HOCUHU B raJIUII,hKO-BOJIUHChKiM )J,epMaBi 3a KHH310BaHHH ,UaHUJia PoMaHOBuqa CTOJIUII,H BaMKOrO ,UaHUJIO

raJiuq

Bi)J,irpaBaJia

BUIIpo6yBaHHH )J,JIH MaB

6yTU

Ha)J,iMHUM )J,UIIJIOMa TOM,

JIUIIIe III,

HUX

IIOMiTHy

yKpaiHChKOI MYMHiM

06 y

pOJih.

6yB

rrepio)J,

raJIUII,hKOI )J,epMaBU,

BOIHOM,

IIOJIKOBO)J,IJ,eM,

KOJIU aJie

CKJia)J,HUX IIOJiiTuqnux YMOBaX TO)J,iiii-

HhOI €Bporru rrpoTUCTOHTU 3arap6nuiJ,hKUM arreTuTaM IloJILmi, Yrop-

ImocmpoeaHa Io:HnH,

icmopi5l

JlHTBH,

IlpuKapnammR.

xpeCTOnOCIVIM,

YTPHMaTH rrpeCTH.lK IIIHJIH

ToM

IIOTiM

naBaJiaM

EaTH€BHX

raJIHIIhKO- BoJIHnChKOI )J,ep.lKaBH'

KpaKOBOM,

BiJihnOM,

36epiraB ne)J,OTOpKaniCTh

py6e.lKiB

op)J,,

HKY HOMY 3aJIH-

1 ,UanHJIO, ManeBpyroqn Mi.lK

Clla)J,Io:Hny HOIO IIOIIepe)J,nHKH.

ny)J,arreiiiTOM,

121

BaTHKanoM,

IIOTiM

CapaeM,

KnH3iBChKO-KOpOJiiBChKOI )J,ep.lKaBH

PoManoBnqiB. ParrToBa cMepTh PoMana crrpnqnnnJiacn )J,O 6ypxJIHBoro necrroKoiO. Ha)J, PoManoBoiO crra)J,rn:nnoro naBHCJia ne6e3rreKa, rroBepnyJIHCh ,KpaMOJihni"

6onpn

BHKopncTaJin,

IIonH33H,

B.lKe

BKOTpe,

KY)J,H

6yJio

rrpaBHTeJii

3arnano,

IIoJILID:i

3aXOIIHTH raJIHIIhKO- BoJIHnChKY )J,ep.lKaBy. TaK, 3 6oHpH

TO CTaBHJIH

Knnrnnn

CBOIX

Anna

KnH3iB,

MaJioJiiTniMH

BoJIO)J,HMnpa na BoJIHnh,

Yroprn:nnn

rri)J, orriKy KopoJIH AniJ,pin.

CHTYalliiO i raJIHIIhKY

3eMJIIO,

BoJIHnChKOMY

A qoJii

piK

yBiB

BacHJihKOM

rrepe)J, THM )1,0

rroca)J,HB

rapni3on CBOIO 4 BoJIO)J,HMHpH '. y

raJinqa

BO€BO)J,OIO

cnna

, Y

120 9,

piK

KOJIH

BiHChKa raJIHIIhKO.lK

nacTaJia

raJinq". yBiHIIIJIH

nopOM

KoJioMana.

yropChKi

JlHCHM,

Yrop~:~i

rroqaJIH

rapni3onn KnH.lKHH

rno6nTH

Tpon

raJinqan.

rn:o6 yTBep)J,HTHCH na raJIHIIhKOMY Tponi, KopoJih AniJ,piil )J,OMOBHB-

cn 3 rroJihChKHM KopoJieM JleiiiKOM y BoJinni MaJienLKY

CoJioMiro,

rrorrpocnJIH

rrarry

IIIJIHXOM )J,oqKy

InoKenTiH

3YCTpiBcH 3 JleiiiKOM y

MiiO)

po)J,nnnnx

Jle111Ka, III

1214 poKy rrpo po3rro)J,iJI

Crri111i

3B'H3KiB.

cnnoM

KoponyBaTH

To)J,i

AniJ,pin IX.

o6BinqaJIH

KoJioManoM

JiiTorrncellh

rrncaB:

1214 p. I BITO)J,o6aB KopoJih AniJ,piil po)J,y ero IIaKocJiaBOBH

,Ocinh i

yrOplliB.

,UannJioM

OcTanniil crrpnTno BHKopncTaB

CTOJIHIIIO

3arrncano:

KOpOJih

.lKOpCTOKHM

KopoJih

rn:o6

3Bi)J,TH BHPYIIIHJia TaeMno )J,O

,KopoJieM raJinqnnn i

JiiTorrnci

llpHHIIIOB rn:e

crrpnTno

lli)J, llpHBO)J,OM 3aXHCTY MaJienhKHX PoManoBnqiB OKyrryBaB

rrporoJIOCHB ce6e

3HMa,

~:~e

Yroprn:nnn,

1205 110 1221 pOKH

3allpOIIIyBaJIH

cnnaMH

BTeKJia )J,O

(ropoiJ,i)

Crri111i i

B3HB )J,oqKy iloro

(CoJio-

3a CHna CBOIO".

Ha)J,Mipne raJinqan,

rno6Jiennn BOnH

yrop~:~iB

3allpOCHJIH

BHKJIHKaJio )J,OIIOMOIY

rniB

neB)J,OBOJiennn

nOBIOpO)J,ChKOIO

KnH3H

McTHCJiaBa YiJ,aTnoro, HKHH 3 ronnM ,UannJioM Tpnqi BnranHB yrop~:~iB 3 raJinqa -

1219, 1221 i 1229 poKaX.

3a IIeH qac ,UanHJIO IIOCTYIIOBO OBOJIO)J,iB BoJIHnniO, a IIOTiM, rriCJIH CMepTi

McTHCJiaBa

YiJ,aTnoro,

BH3BOJIHB

raJinq

Bi)J, KiJihKa)J,eCHTHJiiT-

122

BoJtoiJuMup

Hhoro

rrarryBaHHH

CBOIMH BOIHaMH TeprriTH raJinq,

rHiT i

yropu;iB. rri)J,

raJinq

iH03eMHHX

,I(aHHJIO

3aMailopiB

iloro

3aCiB

1238 poKy ,UarrnJio rrpn6yB i3

6epe3Hi

3BeprryBCH )1,0

rrpaBHTeJiiB. Ha

6aThKiBChKOMY

i3 3aKJIHKOM He

raJinqarr

raJinqaHH

3aiipOCHJIH

TpOHi,

Ha)J,

HOrO

CTOJIHlleiO

rrparrop. CKa3aB IM: ,0 MyMi

,KOJIH OTO BiH (,I(aHHJIO) IIi)J,'IXaB IIi)], ropO)J, ropO)J,HHH!

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

,I(OIIOKH BH

6y)J,eTe TeprriTH iHOIIJieMiHHHX KHH3iB BJia)J,y?"

TO Bonn, BnryKHYBIIIH, cKa3aJin:

,Ce €CTh )J,epMaBellh rraiii,

EoroM

)J,aHHH. I IIYCTHJIHCH BOHH )1,0 HhOrO, HKO )J,iTH )1,0 OTIIH, HK Ti

6)J,MOJIH

)1,0

,I(aHHJIO

MaTKH,

yBiHIIIOB

HK y

(oJieHi)

CIIparJii

ropo11, cBiil,

)1,0

BO)J,H,

rrpniiiiioB 11,0

AJie

BOpOTaX

Ille

rrepe)J,

xopyroB

HKi,

IIi)J,KOpHBIIIH

CBOIO?

IIOXO)J,OM

co6i

,I(oporoqnrr

Ma3oBellhKoro. )J,epMaTH

raJIHq

rrpn6aJITiHChKi 6e3

,I(aHHJIOBi

HapO)J,H,

)J,OIIOMOrH

KpHMeBHHKaM-TeMIIJIHqaM,

IIiiiiJIH

BOHH

BeJIHKOIO

KoH)J,paTa

,He roMe

T06TO

CHJIOIO,

1237 p.

KHH3H

cKa3aB:

Haiiiy

CXpeCTHTH

3aXOIIHJIH

IIOJihChKOrO

RK rrniiie JiiTorrnceu;L, ,UarrnJio

HHX

B)J,aJIOCH

Qe 6yJIH xpeCTOHOClli,

OTqnrry

BHqaM.

IIpeqncToi CBHTOI

Ha 3HaK rro6i)J,H IIOCTaBHB Ha

Meqi Ille 3 O)J,HHM 3i CBOIX 3aXi)J,HHX BOporiB.

rpa)J,

)J,MepeJia.

(u;epKBH)

noropO)J,Hlli, i B3HB CTiJI OTIIH CBOHOrO HiMellhKHX

)1,0

€

COJIOMOHO-

Y3HJIH

ropO)J,

(,Uoporoqnrr) Micnu;n 6epe3HH i cTapiiiHHY lx Epyrra cxorrHJIH, i BoirriB 3axorrHJIH lx,

BeprryJincn o6n)J,Ba y

BoJIO)J,HMnp".

,I(oporoqHHChKe II060IIlle, BH3BOJieHHH raJinqa 3-IIi)J, yropChKOI KOpMHrH...

3)J,aBaJiocn, IIIO Bi)J,pO)J,MyBaJiacn )J,epMaBrra crra)J,IIIHHa PoMarroBnqiB

i ,UaHHJIO 3YMiB rrpHMHOMHTH CJiaBy raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOI )J,epMaBH. MaJih,

EaTH€Ba HaBaJia rrepeKpeCJIHJia IIJiaHH ,UaHHJia raJIHllhKOro.

Po3rpoMHBIIIH CTOJihHi MicTa IliBrriqrro-Cxi)J,rrol Pyci, yBipBaJiacn

KOp)J,OHH

IliBrriqrro-3axi)J,rrol

op11,a EaTHH

YKpalrrn-Pycn

CTpaiii-

now rraBaJioiO rrpoiiiiiJia Bi)J, IIepencJiaBa 11,0 KnEBa, a )J,aJii rrocyrryJia B

MeMi

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOI )J,epMaBH,

3HHIIIYIOqH

,I(aHHJIOBi

rpa-

)J,H. 13 cyMoM rrncaB JiiTorrnceu;L: ,IIpniiiiioB Birr, EaTnil, 11,0 BoJIO)J,HMnpa,

B3HB

ropo)J, raJinq,

HOrO i

CIIHCOM,

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKHX

rpa)J,iB

JIIO)J,Y 6yJia IIOJIOHeHa,

iHIIIi

JIHMH

TaTap.

B6HB

HOrO

6e3 IIOilla)J,H,

TaK

iHIIIHX ropo)J,iB 6araTo, IIIO IM HeMa qncJia" JieMaJIH

3arHHYJIH B

pyirrax,

60HX

3Haqrra

a6o 6yJIH

CaMO

EaraTO qacTHHa

CTHTi IIIa6-

ImocmpoeaHa Tenep

icmopi5l

nepe)J,

IlpuKapnammR.

,UarrnJioM

ToM

CTOHJIO

123

rreJierKe

3aB)J,arrrrn:

nopnTyBaTn

CBOIO )J,epMaBy Bi)J, MOpCTOKOrO CXi)J,HOrO BOpora. B

u;eil

Tpariqrrnil

BnpiiiinJin BiHChKa,

3aB)J,aTn oqoJieHi

riBChKOro

KHH3H

)J,OnOMaraJin

qac

HOMY 3HTeM

Boporn y)J,apy. KOpOJIH

MnxaiiJia

raJinllhKi

raJinllhKoro 3i6paJiaCH

BeJin

Tporry

rre

PocTncJiaBOM,

BO€BO)J,OIO

!1,piMaJin

o;iJia KOaJiio;in: ,rop)J,nM

yropChKi

cnHOM <l>iJieM",

qeprriHKnM

6onpn.

3arap6rrnKn 3axonnJin IIepeMniiiJih, aJie ni)J, .HpocJiaBJieM 17 cepnrrn

1245

poKy

noJiqniiia

raJinllhKi

yrpiB;

KHH3i

,UarrnJio

nOJIOHeHoro

BO€BO)J,y

BacnJihKO <l>iJIIO

rra roJioBy po36nJin

i )J,eHKnX

3pa)J,JinBnX ra-

JinllhKnX 6onp B6nJin. TaKnM qnrroM, raJinllhKnil Tporr 6yB 3aXniiieHnil. JliTonnceo;h po3nOBi)J,a€: , Y c)>n M i JIHXn MHOri no6nTi 6yJin i CXOnJieHi 6yJin; i 3 ycix (BiilcLKa) 6araTo cxonJierro 6yJio. To)J,i M i <l>iJIH rop)J,nil cxonJierrnil 6yB ArriJ,piEBnM )J,BipcLKnM, i npnBe)J,errnil 6yB )J,O ,UarrnJia, i B6nTnil 6yB ,UarrnJioM. A (6onpnrr) LKnpocJiaB npnBiB TnCHllhKoro B oJIO)J,ncJiaBa IOpiiloBnqa, Jinx oro 6aJiaMyTHnKa 3eMJii (raJinllhKoi). I B Toil Me )J,eHh i TOH y6nTnH 6yB, i 6araTO iHIIInX yrpiB no6nTO 6yJIO B rHiBi". PnTyroqn CBOIO )J,epMaBy, ,UarrnJio po6nB cnpo6y,

3 O)J,Horo 6oKy,

BTHrHyTn B £110 6opOTh6y 3aXi)J,HO€BponeHChKi )J,epMaBn, -

a 3 i1,pyroro

BHyTpiiiiHhO ni)J,rOTyBaTnCh )1,0 )J,B060IO po36y)J,OBOIO HOBnX rpa)J,iB i

3Mio;HeHHHM CTOJino;i raJinqa.

CnoqaTKY BiH cno)J,iBaBCH Ha )J,OnOMory

nann IrroKeHTin IV. OcTarrrriil po6nB cnpo6y rra JliBOHChKOMY co6opi B

1241 poo;i 3aKJinKaTn 3aXi)J,HnX npaBnTeJiiB Ha xpeCTOBnH noxi)J, npoTn op)J,n

BaTnn.

o;i€10

MeToiO

nana

npncJiaB

,UarrnJioBi

KopoJiiBChKY

KOporry, HKOIO KOpOHyBaBCH ,I(aHnJIO Ha KOpOJIH 1253 poKy B ,I(oporoqnrri.

,Birr

(,I(aHnJio),

nniiie

JiiTonnceo;h,

OTOM

npnHHHBIIIn

Birreo;h O)J, Bora, O)J, u;epKBn CBnTnx AnocToJiiB, Bi)J, npecToJiy CBnToro IleTpa i Bi)J, OTIIH cBoro nann IrroKeHTin, i Bi)J, ycix EnncKoniB cBoix ... IIpniiHHB Me ,UarrnJio O)J, Bora Birreo;h y ropo)J,i ,Uoporoqnrr, KOJin Birr

i3 CnHOM JlbBOM".

iiiiOB Ha BiHHY (npoTn HTBHriB)

3)J,a€Thcn, rre 30BciM MaB pau;iro rraiii BeJinKnil icTopnK MnxaiiJio rpyiiieBChKnH, floro Birr

KOJin

noJiiTnKa He

BMiB

nncaB,

cynpoTn

ani

III 0

TaTap

30prarri3yBaTn

,I( aHnJIOBa

,)J,nnJIOMa TiH

KopoTK03opa, HKOrOCh

rreneBrra,

IIInpiiioro

XaOTnqrra". ypnBqacTa.

COI03Y

pyChKnX

KHH3iB, ani onepTnCH Ha HapO)J,HnX Macax. Ha)J,TO KHH3iB",

CKJia)J,HO a)J,Me

MiM

6yJio

,UarrnJioBi

KHH3HMn

oprarri3yBaTn

B niB)J,eHH0-3aXi)J,HiH

,coi03

pycLKnx

YKpaiHi-Pyci

BoJtoiJuMup

124 6yJio e)J,HOCTi.

Ilo-)J,pyre,

opraHi3yBaTH

xpecTOBHH

opraHi3yBaTH

KoaJiiujro

3HaqHo

6oHpH,

HKi

rrpoTH

qepe3 rrarrchKHH rrpecTiJI

TaTap,

3axi)J,HO€BporreilchKHX

rrepeiiiKO)J,MaJIH

BJia)J,Hi

ilcyHy He B)J,aJiocn rroxi)J,

iloMy

IIpOBO)J,HJIH

caM

rrarra

MOHapxiB.

rrpoTnop)J,HHChKiil

IIpOTH

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

,UaHHJia

3Mir

II o-TpeTe,

6opoTL6i

IIi)J,CTYIIHY

caMo-

IIOJiiTHKY

opi€HTyBaJIHCH Ha 30BHiiiiHi CHJIH iHIIIHX KHH3iB a6o cyci)J,HiX )J,epMaB. IIo-qeTBepTe, He rrpnxHJihHO TO)J,i )J,O ,UaHHJIOBOI )J,epMaBH cTaBHJIHCH cyci)J,Hi xi6a

rrpaBHTeJii

caM

6yJIO

rriiiioB

JlnTBH,

B)J,aJIHM

)J,O

IloJILud,

YropmnHH

)J,HIIJIOMaTHqHHM

EaTHH,

a6n

3MiliHIOBaB

CTapi

Bi)J,THCHYTH

op)J,HHChKoro

KpOKOM

Bi)J,BepHyTn

6y)J,yBaB

HOBi

TeMHHKa

xpecToHocuj.

,UaHHJia

arpeciro

Te,

MiCTa-lj>opTeo;i,

KypeMcy

mo mo

Te,

op)J,H,

AJie

HaBiTh

Ilo)J,HicTpoB'H.

BiH BiH 3Mir

Ha)J,TO CHJihHOIO 6yJia TO)J,i me, 3a EaTHH, 3oJioTa Op)J,a, mo6 MOMHa 6yJio Iii rrpoTH

rrpoTHCTOHTH. ,UaHHJia

EypyH)J,ail BeJIHKOIO

,Uo

6e360MHHK, -

CHJIOIO

IloqnHaroqn

Toro lK

EaTnil

HaiiMopcToKiiii oro

JIIOTHH,

3ra)J,ye

qaciB

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOIO

3MiHy

KypeMci

EypyH)J,aH.

6e3Jiiqqro

rroJIKiB

TaTapchKHX,

)J,epMaBOIO

)J,aJii,

rroqaJia

PoMaHoBnqiB,

HapOCTaTH

HKi BTOpraJIHCH y

rroJihChKHH xpoHicT

Ha)J,

He6e3IIeKa

BOJIHHChKi 3eMJii.

PoMaH He pa3 3 raJinqa BHCTyiiaB 3 IIOJIKaMH Ha JIHTOBlliB i IX rrpn6opKaTn,

BHCJiaB

, IIpniiiiioB

JiiTorrnceo;L.

PocTHCJiaBnqiB

6oKy JIHTOBChKHX IIJieMeH,

TeMHHKa

KHH3h

3YMiB TaK

CTpHKOBChKHH 3a3HaqaB,

PoMaH rroJioHeHnx JIHTOBlliB rrpnTnraB )J,O BaMKHX po6iT.

Ma6yTL,

PoMaHe,

THX

qaciB

)J,iHIIIJia

JIHXOM

lKHBeiii,

JlHTBOIO

nyB

rrepio)J,,

KOJIH

BO)J,y

llhOro

)J,O

Hac

rrpnKa3Ka:

IIaHyBaJIH

rpyiiieBChKHH

raJIHllhKi

IIHCaB:

"CBiT Jia

CHyJia 6yJia ,UaHHJIOBHqaM B 3eMJIHX JIHTOBChKHX; HO,

)J,iCTaB

CKOpo, BCHKi

HaBiTh

CH BIIJIHBH

BeJIHKOKHH3iBChKHH

KOM6iHao;iH B

3eMJIHX

rrporraJia;

CTiJI

3rO)J,OM

JIHTOBChKHX,

cTae He6e3rreqHnM cyci)J,oM i KO-BOJIHHChKi

PoMaHe,

opeiii".

Ha)J, JlHTBOIO

M HXaHJIO

,Oil

IIpH-

3ipHHIIH

6JIH-

O)J,HH 3 HHX, JlHTBi,

raJIHllhKi

)J,aJii

KHH3i.

lUBap-

aJie

KHH3i

JlHTOBChKe

BMep

TpaTHTh

KHH3iBCTBO

rroqnHae rrpocTnraTH pyKn il Ha raJIHllh-

3eMJii".

IIicJIH Toro, HK ,UaHHJIO qepe3 rri)J,cTyrrHiCTh raJIHllhKHX 6onp rrepeHic CBOIO CTOJIHIIIO )1,0 XoJIMa, BaB y JlLBOBi,

IIiCJIH TOro, HK CHH HOrO JleB KHH310-

a )J,aJii HacTyrrHHKH rrpaBHJIH y

raJIHq IIOCTYIIOBO

BTpaqae CBO€ 3HaqeHHH y

BoJIO)J,HMHpi, Ha BoJIHHi, BHyTpiiiiHiH

30BHiiiiHiH

ImocmpoeaHa IIOJiiTHDj. He

icmopi5l

CIO)J,H

IlpuKapnammR.

B.lKe

Bi)J,rrpaBJIHJIHCH

rrpn6yBaJIH

KHH.lKi

iH03eMHi

)1,0

IIOCOJihCTBa,

€BpOIIeHChKHX

fAJIHQbKOI

ICTOPII

IIOCJIH

125

ToM

3Bi)J,CH

B.lKe

KpaiH.

MHTPOIIOJIII oco6JinBo,

, I l tft rricJIH EaTneBoro ~ THCH OCHOBHHM 3

qiTKHM

IIO)J,iJIOM

HO-CXi)J,Hi

u;eHTpH,

rroTpe6a,

IIIO

icHyBaJia

Mir

Ha)J,

MnxaHJIO

KHIBChKOI

,UHiCTpOM,

3eMeJih

oci6HOI 3HaTH, CaMe

piK

IIi)J,HHTO

CBOIO

CIIpaBy

CTaJia

(KHIBChKOrO

oqax

p.:

TYT,

raJIHIIhKOrO

raJinqy,

JlbBa

HaM

raJIHIIhKOI

KHH3H

ciM

MHTpOIIOJiil.

noll.

ca!lUU,bKOco

XII em.).

eel

3aXO)J,H

raJIHIIhKOrO MeTy

poKy

IIIO

KHH3H

OCHrHyJIH;

1302/3

qncJieHHH

Ha-

3aCHO-

BaHO

raJIHIIhKY

JiiiO

rpaMOTaMH

ATaHa3in".

30B-

Bi3aHTiHChKO-

3HaqnTh

AHiJ,poHiKa

CIIpaBH

TiJihKH,

CBOIO

KOJIH

3Ha€MO

6aqHMO

IIIoro

B!laduKu

IOpiil, Te,

Ilo)J,p06HIIh He

BHJIY-

3acHoBaHH€

He3BiCHO

13 0 3

(iJpy2a

xapaKTep

rrpo

CHH

HOrO

6yJIH

BoJIO)J,HMHp.

qn a

ro,

ne1.famKa

HOMY

ciM,

Ky3bMU

MaKCHMa

3B'H3KH

JleB,

He3BiCHHH,

IIHCaB

raJIHIIhKOI

rrepei3)J,i

KneBa B

B3araJii

IpeU,bKa

6iJihiiie,

IIOCTapaTHCH

errapxiqHol 6yB

roJIOBHOMY

crrpaBH

Ha)J,aBaJIH 3

KniB

raJIHIIhKO-

MHTpOIIOJIHTa

oci)J,KY

IIiB)J,eHBHHHKJia

MHTporroJiiro,

MoryTHH

THM

Ma6yTL,

cyqacHHKiB

3pyiiHoBaHnil

Heo6xi)J,HiCTh

MHTpOIIOJiiiO.

1299-1300

3aJimrra-

OCi)J,KOM.

,BHXi)J,HOIO TOqKOIO )J,JIH

)J,OTerrepiiiiHhOI

CMepTH

KniBChKY

qacTHHH.

3aXO)J,i

MHTporroJinqoro

TO)J,iiiiHhOrO

MHTpOIIOJiii B 60

IIIO

)J,Bi

Mir

BepXOBeHCTBO,

MHTpOIIOJIHqHM

BHHHKJia

rrepel3)1,

rrepeHeceHHH

IIOHY)J,HJIO

qeHHH

MaTH

KJIH3hMi IIIO

Pyci

To)J,i

rpyiiieBChKHH,

IIO)J,p06HIIi,

piiiiyqoro

IIOJiiTHqHe

<J>opMaJihHO, u;eHTpaJihHHM

CXi)J,HO-IIiBHiqHi

TiJihKH

MHTpOIIOJiii CTaBCH

TaKi

KniB

u;epKOBHOI MHTpOIIOJiil.

po3IIO)J,iJIHTH

)J,ep.lKaBa.

BoJIO)J,HMHp)

yKpaiHChKOI

KHH3iBCTB

3MaraJIHCH

rpa)J,

IIHIIIYTh )J,OCJii)J,HHKH,

Crra)J,KO€MIIeM

rpa)J,i

CTOJihHHH

u;eHTpOM

KOJIHIIIHiX

HKi

3aJIHIIIaTHCH

BoJIHHChKa

rrorpoMy,

MHTpOIIOu;icapH

rraTpiapxa

126

BoJtoiJuMup

3a TBep)J,MeHHHM IBana Kpnrr'nKeBnqa, rroJiil"

u;e

)J,OKa3

u;apropO)J,ChKHH )J,apHM.

6iJihiiiiCTh

,yTBopeHHH oKpeMol MHTpo-

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOI )J,eplKaBH,

3rO)J,y Ha Te )J,OCJii)J,HHKiB

BiH

rn:o

BqHHHB,

UJ:06

KniBChKHH

TiJihKH

6yB

3aJielKaTH

MHTporroJIHT

BH3HaqHHM

BBalKaiOTh

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOI )J,eplKaBH

U:e

6iJILIIIe,

IIaTpiapx )J,aBaB

TO)J,i,

BOJIO)J,apeM JlbBa.

3HaqHOI CHJIH

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

TaKHM

KOpOJih

Bi)J,

rrepelxaB

Bi)J,OMHM

IOpiil

iHIIIHX

BOJIO-

CHH

)J,eplKaB,

CyJ)J,aJihChKY

THM 3eM-

JIIO".

II epiiiHM

raJIHllhKHM

MHTpOIIOJIHTOM

6yB

H i<J> OHT.

To)J,i

)1,0

ra-

JIHllhKOI MHTporroJiil 6yJIH rrpne)J,nani i )J,ieu;e3il BoJIO)J,HMnpo-BoJIHHChKa, Jiyu;LKa,

TypoBChKa,

,TaK,

IIHIIIe

)J,aJii

MHTpOIIOJiiH,

UJ:O,

IIepeMHIIIJihChKa, rpyiiieBChKHH,

6aqHMO

XoJIMChKa i

MaJia

3'HBHJiaCH

o6iifMaTH

CTOHJia

IIi)],

IIOJiiTHqHHM

BIIJIHBOM

i1,pyra

3eMJii

BoJIHHChKOI )J,epMaBH Ta rn:e TypoBOIIHHChKY 3eMJIIO, JiiTTH

JlLBiBChKa. PYChKa

raJIHllhKO-

rn:o Bi)J, rriBcTo-

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKHX

KHH-

3iB". IIicJIH

1305

cMepTi

poKy

rrepiiioro

i1,pyrnM

raJIHllhKoro

MHTporroJIHTOM

MaB JarrpocnTH KopoJih IOpiil TnpoK

6iJIH

LKoBKBH

KJIH3hMi

II eTpo

na piqu;i

raJinqi.

MHTporroJIHTa

Hi<J>onTa

3-Ha)J,

Bin 6yB MonaxoM i

na JlLBiBrn:nni,

CH)J,iB Ha MHTpOIIOJIHqoMy CTOJii y BoJIO)J,HMHpi na

MHTporroJIHTa

cTaB

PaTi.

PaTH,

JacnyBaB MonacAJie

Bin ne)J,oBro

1308

IIicJIH CMepTi

MaKCHMa,

6iJIH HKoro

rpeu;LKHH

poKy y

rraTpiapx

3a HaMOBOIO MOCKOBChKHX KHH3iB peKOMeH)J,Y€ Ha iforo Micu;e raJIHllhKOrO

MHTpOIIOJIHTa

TaM

IIeTpa.

1320

IBana KaJIHTH B

3aiipOIIIeHHH

MOCKOBChKOrO

MHTporroJIHT IIeTpo rrepei3)J,HTh )J,O

3aJIHIIIa€ThCH.

IIicJIH HhOrO B

raJinqi MHTpOIIOJIHTOM CTa€

raBpHIJI,

IIiCJIH HhOrO

3aJIHIIIa€ThCH Teo)J,op. AJie na BHMory MOCKOBChKHX KHH3iB i rroJihChKoro p.

KHH3H

MocKBH

CKacyBaB

KopoJIH

Ka3HMnpa

raJIHllhKY

u;apropo)J,ChKHH

MHTpOIIOJiiiO.

13 71

rraTpiapx pou;i

Jaxo)J,aMH

loan

HOBHH

13 7 4

u;apropO)J,-

ChKHH IIaTpiapx <l>iJIOTeH Bi)J,HOBHB raJIHllhKY MHTpOIIOJiiiO, MHTpOIIOJIHTOM

HKOI

cTaB

raJIHllhKHH

errncKorr

)J,icTaB rraTpiapiiioro 3aTBep)J,MeHHH. JIHT Knrrpinn rro36aBHB raJIHllhKa

MHTpOIIOJiiH

IBana ri)J,HOCTH rrepecTaJia

MHTpOIIOJIHT CTaB iMeHyBaTHCH Bi)J,pO)J,HJiaCH

raJIHllhKa

IBan

(1392-1401),

IQo 6iJILIIIe,

MHTporroJIHTa,

icnyBaTH.

Toro

JIHIIIe

Bin

yB'H3HHB iloro i qacy

,KHIBChKHM, raJIHllhKHM i

MHTpOIIOJiiH

aJie

KniBChKHH MHTporro-

rroqaTKY

KHIBChKHH

BCi€H Pycn".

XIX

CTOJiiTTH.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopifl

IlpuKapnammR.

127

ToM

Po3,IJ,iJI III

KYJibTYPA B rAJIMUbKO-BOJIMHCbKIM ,UEP)KABI XM-Xill

CT.

OCBITA I IIHCEMHICTh. fAJIHQhKI €BAHfEJII51 XII-XIII

CT.

jrAv_"j. raJIHllhKiH 3eMJii y XII-XIII CTOJiiTTHX BHCOKoro piBHH )1,0r \ Ass

cnrJia

• TeKa,

KYJILTypa,

oco6JIHBO

CTOJihHOMY

rpa)J,i

raJinqi.

KHH3IOBaHHH .HpocJiaBa OcMOMHCJia TYT Bi)J,KpHJiacn 6i6JiioB HKiH

,Uo

1144

3HaXO)J,HJIOCH

Harnoro

qacy

pou;i

KpnJioci.

BBa.lKae,

rricJIH

qnMaJIO pyKOIIHCHHX KHHr )J,aBHhOI Pyci.

36eperJIOCH

raJIHllhKe

CrrpaBe)J,JIHBO

KneBa

€BaHreJiie,

rrpo<J>ecop

HoBropo)J,a

raJIHq

6yB

icTopil

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKHH

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOro

IIHChMOBi

IIaM'HTKH

MnHyJio

TOrO

JiiTOIIHC

KHH3iBCTBa

OCHOBHe

XIII

Ea6HIIIHH

TpeTiM

u;eHTpoM 3ocepe)J,.lKeHHH )J,aBHhopycLKoro IIHChMeHCTBa. HaiiHCaHHH

HaiiHCaHe ,U.

Pyci

CaMe TYT 6yB )J,.lKepeJIO )1,0

CTOJiiTTH

iHIIIi

qacy.

850 poKiB 3 Toro )J,aJieKoro qacy, KOJIH 6yJio HarrncaHe

CJiaBH03BiCHe

raJIHllhKe

Tpe6a CKa3aTH,

IIIO

€BaHreJii€ CBHTi

KHHrH

114 4 poKy. IIHCaJIHCh

)J,aBHHHY

MaJIO

rrpo HHX )J,OBi)J,y€MOCH 3 rrepiiiO)J,.lKepeJI. B3araJii 3 KHH.lKHX qaciB )J,O Hac )J,iHIIIJIH TPH O)J,HHHlli JiiTepaTypHHX TBOpiB.

TaK CKJiaJIOCh,

3HHIIIHJIH

6araTO

u;epKOBHHX Mn ,UaHHJia

IIIO BiHHH,

HaiiiHX

CTHXiHHi

IIHCeMHHX

JIHXa,

IIaM'HTOK

Op)J,HHChKi IIOXO)J,H

JiiTepaTypH,

30KpeMa

KHHr.

rrnrnaeMocn 3aToqHHKa,

IleqepcLKoro. AJie

TaKHMH

JiiTepaTypHHMH

KneBo-IleqepchKHH

TBopaMH,

rraTepHK,

MoJieHie

LKnTie

<l>eo)J,ocin

cepe)], u;iel )J,aBHhOI cBiTChKOI i )J,yxoBHOI JiiTepa-

128

Fpa 6oeeu, bKU i1

BoJtoiJuMup

.....

t:1ic 0 •"' IIKAAt~ II. 1' l.ljll•lllC'l'pOa 't ,

..,

liMA , I , R.A

. uq..""-. . KM4 , + ~ ~A

·,

<0-

.,..,t._ .. '1< f!flfiCCD?A}"'t"CII~

lltl!

-~L.IIOf , •

uyccr4"'-flfli

_. lltor.r. CA.\f.iAfHUtl

-0' ,-. \\. n

JM.A,

MY.n , IW

YX"-f"-1{,1. M I<~ . , wol'l'B 6, AnA i _! ,0.1 II ~,,Si.o-.c1iMfHM n

~otiH 1

WT'44•

+ '"" ?- I ' M , II~ l\A 1 II!I.O~Anp~ljlt M MI!.O A_M ~ "" _, .. r + ...,. 't ,..

eeaHcefli5l

TypH

j U _..

~, 1.\1 Kil~f • ~,.f'OH"t M , &l ~..... - ~~ ~ "~.&r 1\'t ur. ~t w Aro•·os1i BM , u ,14• a• ')H:!op~r.o-r ~HE.tU \\ ;i 'IIA 4t , 1\,. r·i

Kpu!lOCbKOi!O

1144 p.

OC06JIHBOI yBarH

... A

3'--,.

ia.~Mbll"AfH...._~. ,\i iiMJ"ACO;MA ~

~ LH

CmopiHKa

,. I'

3aCJiyroByiOTh

€BaHreJiiH

CBHTi KHHrH,

HKi

)J,YXOBHO 36araqyBaJIH )J,yiiii HaiiiHX npe)J,KiB, cnpHHJIH CBHTOCTi HaiiiHX BqHHKiB, 60 .lKHTTH lcyca XpHCTa, il.oro npHTqi o6epiraJIH Bi)J, cnoKyCH, BqHJIH no- no.lKoMy qnnHTH, JII06HTH E o.lKe cJioBo. )J,eno Bee, narny

mo o6JiaropO)J,.lKY€ JIIO)J,HHY )J,YXOBHO,

HHX 3aKJia-

MOpaJihHO,

36araqye

MOJIO)J,h.

II ornnpeHHH

€BanreJiiil. no narniil. YKpalni noqaJiocn 3 qacy npnil.-

HHTTH XpHCTHHHCTBa.

HK Haiiii €BaHreJiiH 3~

He 6y)J,eMO rOBOpHTH,

BHJIHCH B 30JIOTOBepXOMY KHeBi, iHIIIHX CTOJIHJ.:IHX y)J,iJihHHX KHH3iBCTB -

qepniroBi,

IIepencJiaBi,

Hara)J,aTH HaiiiHM

IIpnKapnaTChKOMY KoJIH Bneprne KHH.lKiH )J,ep.lKaBi,

BoJIO)J,HMHpi

qnTaqaM npo

€BaHreJiiH,

BoJIHHi.

.H TiJihKH xoqy

HKi nOHBHJIHCH y

HaiiiOMY

Kpal'.

i )J,e

caMe

Ma6yTh,

6yJio nanncano

€BaHreJiie B raJIHJ.:IhKiil.

HeJierKO 3'HcyBaTH

qepe3 6paK )J,.lKepeJI.

ImocmpoeaHa AJie

icmopi5l

rn:acJIHBa

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

rro)J,apyBaJia

HaM,

)J,OJIH

raJIHIIhKHX €BaHreJiiH

poKy.

aJie

Te,

cToJiiTTi.

rn:o

rrpnHeCJIH

HaM

iloro

Bi,ll,KpnBaqi,

XVIII

U:e TeTpaeBaHreJiie 6yJio rreperrncaHe 3 rriB)J,eHHOCJioB'HHCh-

1144

poKy,

KHH3H

BoJIO)J,HMnpa,

IlhOMY

HaHCTapiiiiOMY

)J,O)J,aTOK,

raJIHIIhKOrO KHH3iBCTBa -

qac

KHH310BaHHH

cnHa

BoJio)J,apa

€BaHreJiii

260

BChOrO

,I(ocJii)J,HHKH

rroHBH Cepe)),

)J,OBe)J,eHo, rn:o BOHO 6yJio BHHBJieHe y

Koro OpHriHaJiy B CTOJIHIIi -

icTopiro CTOJiiTh.

IliKaBHM.

,I(OCTOBipHO Bi)J,OMO

raJinqaHaM,

XIII, XV, XVI, XVII

H a .lKaJih, icTopiiO HOrO BHHHKHeHHH MaJIO 3Ha€MO 3 THX

icTopnqHnx )J,.lKepeJI, IliHHHM

i3 rrepiiiHX )J,iHIIIJIO )1,0 Haiii oro qacy raJIHIIhKe €BaHreJii€

HHX O)J,HHM

114 4

XII

129

o6'e)J,HyBaqa

KHH.lKOMY

raJIH-

raJIHIIhKOI

3eMJii

i3 )J,HHacTil PocTHCJiaBnqiB.

6y JIO

228

BMiUJ:eHO

apKyiiiiB

CTOpiHOK.

BCTaHOBHJIH,

3axi)J,HoyKpaiHchKHX

UJ:O

u;e

3eMeJih.

oco6JIHBOCTi Micu;eBol MOBH.

HaHCTapiiiiHH

BiH

HhOMY

36epe.lKeHHH TeKCT

u;iKaBo

Bi)J,TBopeHo

)J,eHKi

HailcTapirnnM yKpaiHChKHM TeTpa-

eBaHreJiieM. ,I(y.lKe MaJIO Bi)J,OMO rrpo Micu;e HaiiHCaHHH IIpH

HKOMY

Bn,ll,aHo

MOHaCTHpi

iloro

)),BOX TOMax y yKpaiHChKe ,ll,peBHiX

u;epKBi

u;iJIKOM

MocKBi B

IIHCaJIH

rrorrpaBHO

1882-1893

€BaHreJii€ B pyKOIIHCi y

u;e

HeBi)J,OMO,

XTO aBTOp,

yHiKaJibHe

€BaHreJii€.

apxiMaH,ll,pHTOM

AMij>iJioxieM

I 36epiraeThCH u;e Harne

poKax.

roJIOBHOMY MOCKOBChKOMY apxiBi

aKTiB.

Bi)J,OMO, rn:o )1,0 Harnoro qacy )J,iHIIIJIO rn:e O)J,He raJIHIIhKe €BaHreJiie 3 KHH.lKHX qaciB -

1226

BoHO TaKO.lK 6yJIO HaiiHCaHO B raJinqi

IliKaBe CBOIMH IIaJieorpalj>iqHHMH OC06JIHBOCTHMH. caHo

pyqHo,

HhOMY

CIIOCTepiraeMO

€BaHreJii€ HaiiH-

eJieMeHTH

Micu;eBOI

MOBH.

tl:oro TaKo.lK MO.lKHa Bi)J,HeCTH )J,O HailcTapirnnx yKpaiHChKHX TeTpaeBaHreJiiil.

HaiiHCaHO BOHO

piHKaX

HeBeJIHqKOIO

,I(o

Harnoro

1266-1304 rrepeiiHCaB JIY

HaJiy,

poKiB'.

)J,iHIIIJIO qOMY

rn:e

BOHO

U:e

raJinqi

raJIHIIhKe

)1,0

O)J,He

raJIHIIhKe

MOBOIO

rrpecBiTep

€BaHreJiie

215

CTO-

qnTaqiB.

Ha3HBa€ThCH

u;epKOBHOCJIOB 'HHChKOIO

CTapOBHHHOMY

CTopiHOK. Tep.

qacy

CTapOCJIOB'HHChKOIO MOBOIO

rrepe)J,MOBOIO

raJIHIIhKHM?

6oJirapChKOrO

reopriil.

BHBqaJIH

€BaHreJii€

BoHO

iloro

OpHriHa-

OXOIIJIIO€

Co6oJieBChKHH

175

BoJih-

BoHH )J,OBeJin, rn:o xoq BOHO rreperrncaHe 3 6oJirapcLKoro opnriaJie

Ma€

)J,eHKi

OC06JIHBOCTi

Micu;eBOI

MOBH.

YpHBKH

IlhOrO

BoJtoiJuMup

130

€BanreJiiH

6yJIH

1885

orry6JiiKoBani

YniBepciTeTcKne

I13BecTnn".

U:en

poKy

ujnnnil

MypnaJii

pyKorrnc

Bi)J,)J,iJii

, KneBcKne

36epiraeThCH

CaJITHKOBa- III, e)J,pina

CanKT- II eTep6yp3hKiil rry6Jiiqniil 6i6JiioTeuj iM. y

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

pyKOIIHCiB.

qOMY CaMe YKpaiHChKOI TnqnnM,

€BaHreJiiH

IIHCaJIHCH

raJIHllhKOI )J,epMaBH

KYJILTYPHHM

raJinqi?

6yB

u;enTpoM

JIHIIIe

XII-Xill

raJIHq

CTOJIHIIH

BaMJIHBHM cT.

IIOJii-

CrrpaBe)J,JIHBO

rrpo<J>ecop CTerran Ea6niiiHH, Bi)J,OMHH )J,OCJii)J,HHK KYJILTypn KniBChKOI Pyci- YKpalnn,

BBaMaB,

IIIO

rricJIH

KneBa

H OBropo)J,a

raJinq

6yB

TpeTiM na Pyci- YKpalni u;enTpoM 3ocepe)J,MeHHH )J,aBHhOKHHMoro rrnchMeHCTBa. CaMe TYT 6yB narrncannil Bi)J,OMHH raJIHllhKo-BoJIHHChKHH JiiTorrnc

XIII CT.,

OCHOBHe )J,MepeJIO )1,0 icTopil' raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOI )J,epMaBH Ta

iHIIIi

raJinqi

IIHCeMHi

.HpocJiaBa

raJIHllhKOro. raJIHllhKa 6np

CaMe

0co6JIHBO

OcMOMHCJia,

TYT

"Tpiilu;n"

ABiJ,iil

HaiiiOI

IIaM'HTKH.

PoMaHa

rrepiiiiH

rrpeMy)J,pHH

3HaMeHHTHH

BHCOKOIO

6yJia

CBHTOCJiaBnqa

XII

IIOJIOBHHi

CT.

MnTyca

Tpn

,UaHHJia

)J,iHJia

KHHMHHK TnMolj>iil,

crriBaK

KYJihTypa

CJiaBHa

XHTpeu;b-pi3bcJiaBeTni

)J,inqi

KYJILTypn. il

caM

BHIIa)J,KOBO

KHH3h

.HpocJiaB

JiiTOIIHCellh

6yB

Ha3BaB

ocBiqenoro

HOrO

BOJIO)J,iB BichMOMa CMHCJiaMH nayK.

JIIO)J,HHOIO,

,0CMOMHCJIOM",

IIIO

TOMY

03HaqaJIO:

Bi)J,OMHH icTopnK B.H.TaTiilleB y

CBOIH , 11 CTOpHH PocCHHChKOH" IIHCaB, IIIO ,JipocJiaB 0 CMOMHCJI HaBqeHHH 6yB MOB, 6araTO KHHr qnTaB, y BHIIpaBJIHB,

My)J,pOCTi

rrpaB)J,HBOI BipH

lxni

KJiip

rrpn6yTKH

qacn

BJiaiiiTOByiOqH

HaBqaB

rrpn3naqnB )J,JIH

.HpocJiaBa

raJIHllhKOrO i

u;epKOBHOMY qnni 6araTO IIIO

HaBqaroqn, i

BqHTH

3JIOBip'H

CIIOHyKaB

CKOpeHHB,

MOHaXiB

naBqannn )J,iTeil".

OcMOMHCJia,

PoMana

McTHCJiaBnqa,

HOrO HaCTYIIHHKiB IIpH MOHaCTHpHX i

,UannJia

u;epKBaX rrepeiiH-

cyBaJIHCH pyKOIIHCHi KHHrH,

IIpH3Haqeni )J,JIH 6orocJiyMiHHH, HKi Mall-

qacy

He )J,iHIIIJIH

ITO Haiiioro

BHHHTKOM )],BOX

€BaHreJiiH

1144 i 1226 poKiB. IIpo)J,OBMyBaJia po3BHBaTHCH MHCJia

KpeCJIHB

qacH

PoMaHa

aBTOp

KYJILTypa

raJIHllhKOrO

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOrO

HOrO

rricJIH

.HpocJiaBa

CHHa ,UaHHJia.

JiiTOIIHCY

OlliHlli

OcMo-

U:e

rri)J,-

,UaHHJia

Ha HOrO CMepTh

12 6 4 poKy. Bin IIHCaB, IIIO Jl: aHHJIO 6yB He JIHIIIe

KHH3eM )J,06pHM,

XOpo6pHM i

My)J,pHM,

aJie H TaKHM, HKHH CIIOpy)J,HB

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

131

ToM

ropO)J,H

MHOri,

rrocTaBHB,

rrepKBH

03)J,o6nB

pi3HOMaHiTHHMH

rrparro-

paMH". AKa)J,eMiK I. II. Kpnrr'nKeBnq

3BepHyB

yBary,

O)J,HraJIHCH rrpOCTi JIIO)J,H i <l!eo)J,aJILHa BepxiBKa. ITHCaB,

IIIO

O)J,Hr

Birr

CeJIHH

6yB BHKOHaHHH CaMopo6HHM crroco6oM, i

IIITaHH

6yJIH

copoqKn ITOIIIHTi

rrpocToro rroJioTrra. 3aTe KHH3i, 6oHpH, i1,py.lKHHHHKH

O)J,HraJIHCh

KOIIITOBHHX rrapqi,

OKCaMHTY.

€MOCh,

IlacmepHaKa

IIIO KHH3h

,Ui3rra,UaHH-

JIO HOCMB »K O V 3 OJIM,

ApxeoJtocilfHi 3HaxiiJKu 5IpocJtaea

6araTO, TKaHHH

B KpuJtoci

Mepe-

rperrLKoro,

.lKHBOM 30JIOTHM BOJIOChKHM o6IIIHTHH,

qo60TH y HhOrO 6yJIH i3 3eJieHoro carr'HH£110, BHIIIHTi

30JIOTOM". Ha pa,

KpnJIOChKin

rrpo

Xi)J,KH KaiOTh rraK

IIIO

ropi

paHiiiie

IOBeJiiprroro

3HaHIIIOB

po3KOITKax

3ra)J,yBaJIH,

BHp06HHIITBa

3axorrJieHHH.

BaHHH !1,pi6HHX

rrpn

ypoqnllli

1940

III,e B

KOMopn

BHHBJieHi KHH.lKOMY

pou;i

IOBeJiipaMH,

Jiiprrnx MaHCTpiB,

IIIO

raJinqi.

BoHH

IOpiiBChKOMY KaM'nrry

.lKirroqnx rrpHKpaC-KOJITiB,

peKOHY€ rrpo icrryBaHHH y

yHiKaJihHi

3HaH)J,eHO

HKi,

<l!opMy )J,JIH

CBi)J,qaTh

BHKJIH-

Bi)J,JIH-

MaTepiaJIH,

~e)J,aJihHOHH,

raJinqi.

BeJIHKHX rpa)J,ax

CJiaBHJIHCH

3Ha-

apxeoJior .HpocJiaB IIacTep-

3HaXO)J,HJIH ITOITHT Ha HOBrOpO)J,ChKHX pHHKaX. cy3)J,aJihChKHMH

peMicrrnKa-IOBeJii-

6yJIH

Bee

Bi)J,JIHTi rre

rre-

Pyci TaJiaHOBHTHX IOBe-

CBOIMH

BHCOKOMHCTerrhKHMH TBO-

Y Bi)J,oMoro rrpnKaprraTChKoro xy)J,O.lKHHKa

~nxanJia <l>iroJIH, ypo)J,.lKeH-

paMH.

rrH ceJia KpnJioca, 6yJia 3i6parra yrriKaJILHa KOJieKrriH BHCOKoxy)J,o.lKrrix MHCTerrhKHX

TBOpiB

KpHJIOCa

OKOJIHllh

raJinqa

qaciB

KHH.lKOrO

132

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

II,'IJ/1/1 1:/IH.Itnuo rn.lll'ltf

fKOHU flUIJa, oJtocoM

rpa)J,y

raJinqa,

BHBqeni

KHH3i,

aBTOpOM

HKOI

Bci

rpa)J,H

KaM'HHHMH BHHHHH

rpa)J,

MaTepiaJIH CTaB

raJIHllhKOro

6y)J,iBJIHMH.

CaM

6yJIH

orry6JiiKOBaHi

AyJtixoM

OKpeMiH

KOJieKIJjonep.

KHH3iBCTBa

Oco6JIHBO

6yJIH

3a6y)J,OBaHi

cJiaBHBCH

CBOIMH

)J,epeB'HHHMH,

6y)J,oBaMH

cTapo-

raJinq.

raJIHllhKi iHIIIHX

KH5lJIC020 Fa-

BU5lBJteHi apxe-

MOHaCTHpi

6y)J,oB

na)J,

KaM'nnnx

,UnicTpoM, xpaMiB,

KepaMiKOIO, raJIHllhKHM BHKJIHKaB

po3KiiiiHHMH MOB

flepKBH

JIIO)J,OM,

qy)J,OBOIO

IIaJiaflaMH

rroTy.lKHHMH

3aXOIIJieHHH

KHH.lKHH

30JIOTOBepxnil

03)J,06JieHHX

)J,epeB 'HHHMH

apxiTeKTYPHHMH

cyqacHHKiB.

KniB,

pi3b60IO

3HaTi,

BaJiaMH

qac

BH)J,iJIHJIHCH

ancaM6JIHMH.

)J,eCHTKaMH i

cepe)],

CTOJihHHH 6iJio-

)J,eKopaTHBHOIO

rro6y )J,OBaHHMH

IIpOCTHM

)J,epeB'HHHMH

CTiHaMH

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

133

ToM

KlilBCbKliH I fAJiliQbKO-BOJiliHCbKliH JilTOIIMCM ~

~ a>KJIHBHM

~8~

IIJiaCTOM,

raJIHllhKOI

J l$

3eMJii,

RK Bi)J,oMo,

KIII,'BchKHH

)J,aHHMH

)J,OCJii)J,HHKiB

BeJIHCH

KHIBChKOMY'

BOHH

JieTOIIHCeif"

6yJIH

KHIBChKOMY

raJIHllhKOI Ti

3eMJii

BpeMeHHHX

IIIO

JiiTTH. HKi

I)J,e

JIHIIIe

3arrncn, B

3Haqrra

TepnTopil

cTaparrrro

pp.

3BiCTOK,

qeprririBChKOMY' 3i6parri,

3a HKi

raJIHllh-

3Be)J,erro B

co6paHHH

OIIHCaHi

qacTnrra lx

pyCCKHX

rroJiiTnqrry

raJIHllhKOrO

KpaiO,

IIO)J,il icTopii Bci€1 cTocyEThCH

IIpnKaprraTTH.

3acjJiKCOBaHO )J,eKiJihKa

llpHKaprraTTi.

IIO)J,il

BniJ,y6eu;LKOMY

JiiTOIIHCHHX

,llOJIHOM

OCHOBHOMY,

MaTepiaJiiB

rrpo

CIIHCKy.

IIpHKaprraTChKOrO

6araTO

MOBa

rrpaBHJIH

IIOJiiTnqrri

U:i

aJie

T06To

JiiT"

CTOCyBaJIHCH

3YCTpiqa€MO

Pyci,

KYJILTYPH

KHIBChKHH

1111-1200

TOqHiiiie

3Be)J,eHHHM

orry6JiiKOBaHi

JiiTorrnci,

)1,0

6yB CKJia)J,errnil y

IIepeHCJiaBChKOMY'

lrraTiiBChKOMY

IIiB)J,errrro-3axi)J,rrol

IIIO

CTOJiiTTH, a

CTaB

BoJIHHChKOMY Kpanx.

KH€Bi

XII

Bi)J,HOIIIeHHH IIHCeMHOCTi

JiiTOIIHCH.

JiiTorrnc,

BiH

MaB

IIaM'HTKH

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKHH

MOHaCTHpi, OXOIIJIIO€ rrepio)J,

KOMY i

HKHH

€

icTopil

3Bi)J,CH

3eMJii

3BiCTOK, JiiTOIIHCi

XII

CTO-

PocTHCJiaBnqiB,

qeprra€MO

qaciB

icTopil

,IIoBic-

KHIBChKOMY

)J,HHacTii

JiiTOIIHCHHX

raJIHllhKOI

)J,iHJihHiCTh

KHH3iBCTBa

RKIIIO

Bi)J,OMOCTi

rrpaBJiiHHH

lli€I

rrpo riJIKH

KHH3iB PocTHCJiaBa, P10pnKa, BoJio)J,apn, BacnJILKa, BoJIO)J,HMnpa, .HpocJiaBa

OcMOMHCJia,

,I(iHJihHiCTh

IIHX

BoJIO)J,HMnpa rrpaBHTeJiiB,

.HpocJiaBnqa. IIIO

3MiliHIOBaJIH

raJIHllhKe

KHH3iBCTBO,

IIOB'H3aHa 3i BCi€10 icTopi€10 IIiB)J,eHH0-3aXi)J,HHX pyChKHX 3eMeJih. QiKaBO, IIIO

JiiTorrnci

IIOHHTTH

Brrepiiie

IIpHKOp)J,OHHOI

( 1188),

Ill 0

Ma€

BaMJIHBOIO

,I(pyro10

JiiTorrnc.

Bi)J,o6paMa€

icTopnqrri

JiiTOIIHC,

icTopnqrri

RKIIIO IIO)J,il

rrpo

3aiiHCH

rra3Ba

, YKpalrra"

OKpaiHH )1,0

raJIHllhKY

BMiilleHi B

lrraTiiBChKOMY CIIHCKY.

KYJihTypH

JiiTorrnc

llpHKaprraTTi,

rrepiiia

iforo

1187

p.)

raJIHllhKa"

3eMJii.

IIaM'HTKOIO

KniBChKHH

(

"YKpalrra

raJIHllhKOI

IIHCeMHOIO

TOqHiiiie

Bi)J,OMOCTi

Qi JiiTOIIHCHi IIHCeif"

3eMJii

Bi)J,HOIIIeHHH

BoJIHHChKHH

ChKHH

3ra)J,y€ThCH

qacTHHa,

3eMJIIO ,llOJIHOM

,I(ocJii)J,HHKH

XIlT

€

JIHIIIe

raJIHllhKOqacTKOBO

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHIIOBHiCTIO

IIO)J,a€

CTOJiiTTH.

co6paHHH pyCCKHX JieTOBHBO)J,HTh

riiiOTe3H

MOM-

134

BoJtoiJuMup aBTOpiB

Tpa6oeeU,bJWi1

rn: 0 TYT

~OBO~HTh'

icHyBaJIO KiJihKa pe~aKujil, aBTOpaMH

HKHX

6yJIH

Ha ~YMKY A. qacTHHH

JIIO~H.

pi3Hi

I. reHChOpChKOro, uj

€

MeXaHiqHHM

qeHHHM pi3Hnx JiiTorrnciB, HiqHo

o6'e~HYIOThCH

~YMOM

B O~HH TBip,

HHM

HKOrO

.1 't T 0 II II f I)

AJie,

i~eHHHM Ha~

KiJihKa

fOCtU

r.b J>OIIL{F.\11> .'Ill I K \

3a-

CKJia~aH

rrpau;IOBaJIO

IIOCJii~OBHOCTi

CIIOJiya opra-

• - l!ltl

IIOBHiH

aBTOpiB.

Y rreprniil qacTHHi JiiTorrncy, rn: o ( /J4W 1 """

OXOIIJIIO€ rrepio~ 3 H~e

pOKH,

MOBa

1205 110 1262

rrpo

KHH310BaHHH

MHH

JiiTorrnceu;h

pa3Horo

iloro

oco6n

M CTHCJiaBnqa, THlKKi

rroqnHae

orrncy

6paTa

30BHiiiiHiX

orrncye

BOHH A•

T•w..., •.,.. ..

,UocJii~HHK

6opOJIH-

Ta!lUU,bKO-BO!lUHCbKUCi

EaTHH.

3Hail~e

TYT

6araTo

MaTepiaJiy,

3ra~KH

rrpo 6y~OBH

u;epKOB,

rrpo

CJiaBHHX

TphOX

HK,

HaiipHKJia~,

~inqiB

IIempymeeulfa.

qaciB

Jtimonuc.

cmopiHKa

B XoJIMi,

KYJihTYPH

rrpeMy~poro KHHlKHHKa TnMolj>in,

Horo crriBIIH

''" •

r ....... . . ,

11 .

TumyJtbHa Kpae3HaBqoro

C'ru,..n .. .,,,,.• .,n

Bi~CTOIOBaJIH

CBiH 6aThKiBChKHH TpOH, CH 3 rroJiqnrn:aMH

o6-

BHyTpiiiiHiX

BOporiB,

,UaHHJia

BacHJihKa, IIpOTH

liar•~

PoMaHa

rroTiM

BHIIpo6yBaHHH

6opOJIHCH

r ••

II .\ "'"..,

TyT HeBi~o

,UaHHJia PoMaHoBnqa.

nepeKJtaiJy

1871

Jlbeie,

JiaKOHiqHi BHCHOBKH

,UaHHJia

raJIHIIhKOro

BMiJioro CKYJihiiTopa AB~iH Ta cJiaB-

MnTycy.

CB51TllHI KH51)K0f0 fPA)J;A HrJIH~ KHHlKOrO raJinqa IIpHKpaiiiaJIH 6araTi Ha CBOIO apxiTeK-

Typy CBHTHHi,

HKi,

HeMOB IIHCaHKa,

rrpocTopn KpHJIOChKoro y3rip'n, HH.

3aTHXJIH

KaM'HHi

~3BOHH

6y~oBH

u;nx

6araThOX

xpaMiB

CBHTHHh,

BIIHCyBaJIHCH B p03JIOri

Ha~~HicTpHHChKOI HH30BH-

MOHaCTHpiB, BTpaTHJiacn

3HHKJIH

rraM'HTh

6iJIO-

rrpo

ImocmpoeaHa icHyBaHHH.

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

IIpocTopa 3eMJIH

ToM

raJinqa

135

qacTKOBO

3aXOBaJia rri)J,

co6oiO

peiiiTKH THX lj>yH)J,aMeHTiB, yJiaMKiB M03alqHHX IIJIHT, iKOHOrpalj>iqHoro

MaTepiaJiy.

AJie

3aB)J,HKH

IIO)J,BH.lKHHIIhKiil.

HarroJier JIHBiil.

rrpau;i

He3a6yTHiX Bi)J,KpHBaqiB IIHX rrepJIHH apxiTeKTypH MH ChOrO)J,Hi MO.lKeMO

YHBHTH

co6i

IIIO

CBHIIIeHHY

1100-JiiTHiil. IOBiJieil.

apxiTeKTYPHY

CTapOBHHHOrO

Kpacy.

raJIHqa xoqeThCH

3ra)J,aTH

IIOKJIOHHTHCH THM rrepiiiOBi)J,KpHBaqaM IIHX CTapOBHHHHX KHH.lKHX CBHTHHh, -

KOrOpTi

HKHX

KpacyiOThCH

iMeHa

KOJIHIIIHiX )J,OCJii)J,HHKiB

AHTOHa IleTpyiiieBnqa, JleBa JlaBpeu;LKoro, I3H)J,opa illapaHeBnqa,

JleBa

q aqKoBChKoro, Ocnrra II eJieHChKoro, Bi)J,oMol JihBiBChKOI ap-

xeoJioriqHol

IIIKOJIH

He3a6yTHhoro

11,pyrol

.HpocJiaBa

rroJIOBHHH

IIacTepHaKa,

XIX TaK

rroqaTKY rri3HiiiiHX

cT.,

)J,OCJii)J,HHKiB

T. IIaceK, C. IoaHHicnHa, M. Kaprepa, 0. PaTnqa, B. AyJiixa, HKi IIpO)J,OB.lKyBaJIH BHBqaTH

IIaHTeOHH

lx HarroJierJIHBY rrpau;ro Jiorn

KneBa,

JlLBOBa,

Ta rraplj>eHOHH )J,aBHiX xpaMiB.

rrpo)J,OB.lKYIOTh

cLoro)J,Hi TaJiaHOBHTi

IBaHo-<l>paHKiBChKa

BoJIO)J,HMHp

apxeoEapaH,

IOpiil. JlyKoMChKHil., Eor)J,aH ToMeHqyK, lrop KoqKiH, Mapin ByHHKO rrpe)J,CTaBHHKH •

HHHiiiiHhOI yKpaiHChKOI raJIHIIhKOI

apxeoJioriqHOI IIIKO-

KHR:JICa

pe3uiJeHU,i5l

CnacbKOIO

Ma!l/OHOK

u,epKB0/0

Me!lbHU1.fyKa

3o!lomoMy

mou,i.

136

BOJwiJuMup

JIH.

KoMnoro

ce3ony

raJIHllhKOI

3eMJii

KpHBaiOTh

BCe

JIOriqni

Ta€MHHlli

IIHX

3-IIi)J,

Bqeni

HOBi

CKap6H,

Fpa6oeeU,bTWU

Bi)J,-

apxeo-

p03KpHBaiOTh

CBHTHHh,

TKH THX 6y)J,OB,

HKi

peiii-

OCTaH-

KaX CTapOBHHH )J,aiOTh )J,OIIHTJIHBOMY

JII06HTeJieBi

pi)J,HOrO

KpaiO 03HaHOMHTHCH i3 CJiaBHOIO

icTopi€10,

peiiiTKaX i3

3aCTHr JIOIO

KaMeHIO,

MY3010

KpacH

ecTeTHKH.

Orrnpa10qnch TaTH

IIHX

KOIIOK MH

xoq

cTaBHMO

HayKOBi

IIHX CBHTHHh,

rrpe)J,-

icHyBaHHH

BHIIJieKaHHX ra-

IIIKOJIOIO,

paKTepH3Y€

p03rrpau;i,

3araJihHOMY IIITpHXH

JIHllhKOIO

pe3yJIL-

yHiKaJihHHX IX

MapMypy,

O)J,Ha

HKY

xaCaMa

TeXHiKa: TeCaHHH KaMiHh, 0)1,HaKOBi

pi3b6H

MHhO

IIOB3)J,OB-

6a3HJiiKOBHH

0Ce)J,HHH

IIJiaH,

KBa)J,paTHHH, BHH,

aiiCH)J,aX.

Kpame

6epe3i

)1,0-

qoTHpH~iJIHpO

TphOX

€ThCH,

a6o

rrepeBaMHO

3)J,a-

CKaMeiii.

piqKH

aepKBa

JliMHHlli

Ce5lm020

PeKoHcmpyKU,i5l KOJIHCh CB.

HHKH

Crraca,

<l>parMeHTH peu;hKHH TeKTop

rrpn

)J,OCJii)J,-

O)J,Hi€10

u;i€1 yqacTi

u;epKBH

rrpo~.

B.3axapi€BHq,

XII

qoTHpHCTOBIIHa

crropy)J,MeHOIO Bi)J,KpHB

JlyKoMCbKOco J(aeHbOco me

yrreprne

l.illapaneBnqa.

apxeoJior cT.

cnaiJ111,uHa

,ApximeKmypHa Fa!lulfa"

(c.

rrpH)J,BOpHoiO,

IIIOIO rroJIOBHHOIO u;e

HKY

BBaMaiOTh

naii)J,aBnirnnx,

6poTUypu

CTOHJia KaM'HHa u;ep-

10. KBa

Cnaca.

Ha ocnoBi

1882

BoJIO)J,HMHpKoM. p.

JleB

,UaJii I I )J,OCJii)J,MyBaJIH

O.Ioannicnn.

TpHaiiCH)J,Ha

KHH3eM

Bonn

)J,aTyiOTh

po3KOIIOK ~YH)J,aMeHTiB CBHTHHH

BH)J,i

JlaBapxirrep-

3'ncoBano

KBa)J,paTa,

CIIOpy-

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

137

)J,.lKeHa 3 Ha)J,)J,HiiipHHChKOro

KaMeHIO.

HHX

y JiaMKiB

BHHBJie-

IIpOCTe.lKy-

EThCH rriKaBnft apxaiqrrnft OpHaMeHT i IIOMiTHi CJii)J,H lj>peCKOBHX p03IIHCiB.

ypoqmuj

raft,

rra

KaprroBnft

rrpaBoMy

6epe3i

JliMHHQi 0. JleB JlaBpeQh-

KHft i3 I. illaparreBnqeM y

18 6 2 porri Bi)J,KpHJIH 6y)J,iBJIIO, HKY 3rO)J,OM rra3BaJIH ,IloJiirorr" a6o PoToH)1,010.

Ilhrrirne

piEBnq

ID.

3axa-

IoarrrricHH

BH3HaqHJIH i i HK IloJiiroHKBa)J,pHij>OJiift 3 rraHBHHMH lj>parMeHTaMH TeCaHHX apxiTeKTypHHX )J,eTaJieft, IQO )J,aJIO rrpo

Ilwzi<oH-KBaOpurjJoJZiU y

KapnoeiM <aJO.

10. B. JlyKoMCbKO<o ,ApximeKmypHa Jinq

KaJiyrn

rra

rroJii,

3BarroMy

11)

rOBOpHTH

CBHTHHH )J,aTyEThCH cepe)J,HHOIO

PeKoHcmpyKU,i5l 3 6poUiypu

cnaOut,uHa J(aBHbO?o FaJZulfa" (c.

IIi)J,CTaBy

6iJIOKaMiHHHft )J,eKOp.

XII CTOJiiTTH.

U:epKBY Ha3BH

U:BHHTapncLKa,

IIpH me

rreo3rraqerroi rOCTHHQi B

ra-

1884 porri

BHHBHJIH 0. JI. JlaBpeQhKHft i I. illapaHeBnq. U:H 6y)J,OBa 3HaXO)J,HThCH Ha IIiB)J,eHh

Bi)J,

3aJiyKBH.

HeBeJIHqKoiO, KaM'HHOIO,

Ilo i i lj>yH)J,aMeHTaX

BH)J,HO,

IQO

BOHa

6yJia

qoTHpHCTOBIIHOIO, TpHaiiCH)J,HOIO, i i CIIOpy)J,HJIH

3 piqKoBoro KaMeHH B i1,pyrift rroJIOBHIII

XII cToJiiTTH.

Ha rrpaBoMy 6epe3i Mo3oJieBoro IloToKy B 1886 porri 3ra)J,arri crro)J,BH.lKHHKH IIOIIIyKiB KHH.lKHX CBHTHHh JI. JlaBpeQhKHft i I. illapaHeBnq HaTpaiiHJIH Ha lj>yH)J,aMeHTH 3HHKJIOi CBHTHHi. U:e, HK 3'HcyBaJIOCH, lj>yH)J,aMeHTaJibHa 6y)J,OBa -

rrepKBa-poToH)J,a, ii rra3HBaJIH rrepKBOIO IJIJii, ocKiJihKH TYT B cepe)J,HhOBiqqi

CTOHB MorracTnp 3 O)J,HOftMerrrroro rra3BOIO. M. Kaprep rrpo)J,OB.lKyBaB po3KorrKH QiEi CBHTHHi i Ha OCHOBi BHHBJieHHX MaTepiaJiiB BCTaHOBHB, IQO i-i 6y)J,yBaJIH B i1,pyrift IIOJIOBHHi

XII CT. 3 piqKOBOrO KaMeHIO i BaiiHHKy. 3 BHHBJieHHX

BoJtoiJuMup

138

yJiaMKiB

3'HCOBaHO,

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

UJ:O u;e

OKpeMi pi3b6JieHi, TeCaHi apxiTeKTypHi )J,eTaJii. Ha )J,yMapxeoJiora 10.

JlyKoM-

ChKoro, 6y)J,oBa Ha6JinMeHa )1,0 IIO)J,i6HHX pOTOH)J, U:eHTpaJihHOI €Bp011H i Ma€ CTylleHeBy, BHpa3HO TpH,ll,iJihHY KOMII03Hllil0 o6'eMy. Han6iJILIIIOIO 6y,ll,iBJiero KHHlKOrO

raJinqa

BBalKa-

€ThCH Yc11eHChKHH co6op, cllopy,ll,MeHHH 11pn .HpocJiaBi OcMOMHCJii 11pn6JIH3-

1157

HO noro qac

poKy.

Micu;e

JIOKaJii3au;il )J,OBrnii lllyKaJIH

Micu;Hx

pi3HHX

apxeoJiorn

cepe,ll,HHH

rn:e

XIX cToJiiTTH.

IIpoTe Bi)J,OMHH apxeoJior Ocn11 IleJieHChKHH Ha IIO-

XX cT.

qaTKY

Haii6iJihlll u;e

BH3HaqnB

Bipori)J,He

p03TalllyBaHHH

KHHlKOI

CBHTHHi

aepKBU

Mic-

ypO'lUU(i

aeuHmapUCbKU.

PeKoHcmpyKU,i5l

u;iei

10.

raJinqa.

JlyKoMCbKOi!O

cnaiJU(uHa

B 1911 pou;i BiH HaTpa-

J(aBHbOi!O

6p01uypu ,ApximeKmypHa

FaJtulfa"

(c.

13)

IIHB Ha )J,eHKi )J,eTaJii u;iei lj>yH)J,aMeHTaJihHOI 6y)J,iBJii, aJie 6paK KOIIITiB He )J,aB iloMy 3Morn 3)J,iilcHHTH po3KOIIKH.

<l>aKTnqHo 0.

11ep111HH BKa3aB

Y clleHChKoro

Ha Micu;e

po3TalllyBaHHH

IleJieHChKHH co6opy.

I JIHIIIe lj>yH)J,aMeHTH u;Loro BeJinqHoro co6opy, 3aJIHIIIKH noro cTiH 6yJIH Bi,ll,KpHTi CeHcau;iHHHMH p03KOIIKaMH BH3HaqHoro apxeoJiora JlpocJiaBa

IIacTepHaKa

)J,HCKyciH

MilK

1937

BqeHHMH

pou;i JIHIIIe

IIHM 11p0

6yJia

Micu;e

3aBepllleHa 3HaXO)J,lKeHHH

TpHBaJia KOlKHOI

CBHTHHi, aJie H 11p0 OCHOBHe p03TalllyBaHHH KHHlKOrO u;eHTpy raJinqa. U:e

Bi,ll,KpHTTH

TO)J,iiiiHiH )J,HBa

CTaJIO

€BpOIIi. CBHTHHi

rOJIOCHHM

CIO)J,H KHHlKHX

CXO)J,HJIHCH qaciB.

JIHIIIe

JIIO)J,H,

raJinqi, UJ: 06

aJie

1106aqHTH

110

BCiH

peiiiTKH

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

1 Po3KorraHi c)>yH)J,aMeHTH i )J,e-

TaJii

)J,aJIH

YHBJieHHH

c)>yH)J,aMeHTaJihHHH

rrpo

iloro

)J,OCKOHaJiiCTh

po3Mipn

o;eil

xpaM,

6y)J,i-

BeJihHOI TeXHiKH. IlaM'HTKa 110TpHCJia BCiX cyqacHHKiB Bi)J,KpHTTH.

R). flyKoMChKHH

ApxeoJior

Bi)J,3HaqnB, IIIO co6op HBJIHB C06 010

l(:!j --D 0)

BeJIHKHH

qoTHpHCTOBIIHHH

TpHaiiCH)J,HHH xpaM, HKHH 3 TphOX CTOpiH HMH pa.

OXOIIJieHHH raJiepe32,4x37 ,5

MeT-

<l>yH)J,aMeHT 6yB crropy)J,Me-

HHH

-~-

6yB

p03MipoM

3 rpy6o

KiB

o6po6JieHnx 6Jio-

KpeH)J,HHHKa

BaiiHHKa.

03)J,06JieHHH KaM'HHOIO CKYJihIITypoiO,

CKJia)J,eHHH

6iJioro

)J,HicTpOBChKoro BaiiHHKa, YcrreHChKHH

co6op

6yB

36y)J,OBaHHH

HaCTiJihKH IIHIIIHO i BeJIHqHo, IIIO

aepKBa

CB5lffl0i!O

npopoKa

fflfli.

10.

B. JlyKoMCbKOi!O ,ApximeKmypHa

cnadUt,UHa .aaeHbOi!O o;e

CBi)J,qaTh,

Fa!luHa" OIIHCOM

(c.

IIOCTYIIaBCH

KpaiiiHM

co6o-

p aM KH€Ba, qepHiroBa, HoBro-

PeKoHcmpyKT.t,i5l 3 6poUiypu

P o

Cy3)J,aJIH

DO!Ii6HHM

21)

CaMoro

Bi)J,KpHBaqa

iHIIIHM

yKparnj-Pyci.

6araThOX

IM Ilpo

MHCTeo;T-

B03HaBo;iB, )J,OBepiiieHiCTh IIJiaHy c)>yH)J,aMeHTiB CIIOpy)J,H, a TaKOM 3aJIHIIIKH BHIIIyKaHHX iHIIIHX

c)>opMOIO

c)>parMeHTiB.

KOJIOH, 6y JIO

MHCTellhKH

i1,pyrHM

pi3b6JieHHX

rrepiO)J,OM

KarriTeJiiB

c)>yHKIIiOHyBaHHH

JIHIIhKOI apxiTeKTypHOI IIIKOJIH. ,I(ocJii)J,MeHHH, rrpoBe)J,eHi B

ra-

1936-1937

poKaX JlpOCJiaBOM IlacTepHaKOM, BHHBHJIH Hailpi3HOMaHiTHiiiii )J,eKopaTHBHi c)>parMeHTH, HKi IIpHKpaiiiaJIH o;eil xpaM HH,

aHTpOIIOMOpcjJHi

MeHT.

U:eil co6op BaBcn )J,O

306paMeHHH,

iHTep'Epi xpaMy 6yJIH 3a po3MipaMH y

CocJ>iiBchKoro

reoMeTpHqHHH

pOCJIHHHHH

OpHa-

po3MaJihOBaHi cJ>pecKH Ta M03aiKa. cTapo)J,aBHiil

Co6opy i

YKpaiHi-Pycn rrpnpiBHIO-

,UecnTHHHoi u;epKBH y

HBJIHB co6010 yKpirrJieHy c)>opTe£110 i EaTHH.

300MOpcjJHi pi3b6JieH-

KnEBi.

BiH

6yB IIOIIIKO)J,MeHHH IIiCJIH HaBaJIH

BoJtoiJuMup

140 EyKBaJihHO u;Loro

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

cencau;i€10

apxeoJioriqnoro

KpHTTH 6y JIO H Te,

Bi,rJ,-

IIIO BCe-

pe)J,HHi, IIi)], IIi)J,JIOrOIO, BHHBJieHO

KaM'HHHH

capKoc)>ar

i3 CKe-

aJie6acTpOBHX IIJIHT JieTOM JIIO)J,HHH.

,I:(ocJii)J,HHKH

BBa)KaiOTh,

u;e

KHH3H Jia.

IIIO

.HpocJiaBa

OCTaHKH

OcMoMnc-

KniBChKOMY

narrncano,

JiiTorrnci

u;Loro

KHH3H

6yJIO IIOXOBaHO B u;epKBi 00ropO)J,Hlli.

, Toro

poKy,

rrmrre JiiTorrnceu;h y A- A"rrpe)J,cTaBHBCH KHH3h

.HpocJiaB,

)J,HMHpiB, rreprnnil

cnn

MiCHIIH )J,eHh,

1187 p.,

raJIHllhKHH BoJio-

)KOBTHH

11,pyrnil

)J,eHh IIOKJia)J,eHHH 6yB y u;epKBi

CBHTOI

Eoropo)J,Hlli".

Terrep capKoc)>ar 36epira€ThCH B IIOCTiHHiH eKCII03Hllii

o 6Jiacnoro

Kpa€3HaBqo-

ro My3eiO, a Ha Micu;i IIOXO-

Co6op

BaHHH IIOCTaBJieHa IIaM'HTHa IIJIHTa 3 HaiiHCOM: IIOXOBaHHH

,TyT 6yB

JlpocJiaB

YcniHH5l

IlpeceRmof

PeKoHcmpyKU,i5l

10.

0CMO-

JlyKoMCbKOi!O

cnaiJlli,UHa J(aBHbOi!O

EocopoiJuu,i.

6p01uypu ,ApximeKmypHa

FaJtulfa"

(c.

MHCJI, 115 2 -1187''. Po3KorraHHH

cJ>yn)J,aMeHT

TOMY

illapaneBnq ,I:(i6pOBH,

YcrrencLKoro

1882

6epe3i

Bi)J,KpHJIH

KaM'HHOI u;epKBH. KOHCTPYKlliiO llle

Micu;eBe

CT.

pou;i

JliMHHlli,

c)>yH)J,aMeHTH

naceJieHHH

10.

KpnJioci 0.

JleB

He)J,aJieKO

IleJieHChKHH

Ha3BaJIH

)J,OCJii)J,)KyBaB

co6opy B

HeBTOMHHH

CBHTHHIO iMenyBaJio

Bi)J,

3aKoncepBoBano. JlaBpeu;hKHH

qoTHpHCTyiieHeBOI, i

10.

3axapi€BHq

, KnpHJiiBChKOIO", KnpnJiiBKOIO.

JlyKOMChKHH,

HKHH

MHTpOIIOJIHqoro

TpHaiiCH)J,HOI

3)J,iHCHHJIH

OCKiJihKH

pe-

ypoqn-

80-x poKax

OCHOBi

Jiicy

MaTepiaJiiB

CTBep)J,)KyBaB, IIIO KOHCTPYKlliH OCHOBH 6y)J,iBJii BHKOHaHa Ha)J,3BHqaftHO

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

141

ToM

aKypaTHO 3 piqKoBoro KaMeHIO Ha rJIHHi, a Ha ocHOBi p03KOIIaHHX lj>yH)J,aMeHTiB BY3JIH qeHh.

BH)J,HO

MaCHBHi

arrcH)J,HHX

crroJiy-

BiH

rraM'HTKY

Bi)J,HOCHTh IIO)J,i6HHX

)1,0

xpaMiB HOBOrO CTHJihOBOro HaiipHMy. CBHTHHIO )J,aTYIOTh

OCTaHHhOIO

THHOIO XII Ha

Tpe-

CT.

rrpaBoMy

6epe3i

Mo3oJieBoro rroToKy JleB

C apKoi}Jac

2aJlUU,bK020

OcMoMuc;za,

BU5lBJzeHui1

po3KonoK

YcneHCbKOco

apxeo!locoM

KH5l35l

niiJ

flpOC!WBa

'iac

apxeoJzocilfHUX

co6opy

flpoc!laBoM

1884

MHKYTHOI 6y)J,iBJii, IIO)J,i6-

IlacmepHaKoM

HOI 3a <J>opMoiO i piaJiaMH 3p06HB HH".

)1,0

,IIoJiiroHy"

IIpHIIYIIIeHHH,

IIIO

KapiiOBOMY

u;e

Bi)J,KpHB lj>yH)J,aMeHT BOCh-

1937 p.

JlaBpeu;hKHH

rai.

3ro)J,OM

3aJIHIIIOK xpaMy-pOTOH)J,H

li)KaBO, IIIO Ha Micu;e IIHX p03KOIIOK rrpn6yB

iCTOpHK i apxeOJIOr BoJIO)J,HMHp AHTOHOBHq y

MaTe-

illapaHeBnq ,BocKpeceH-

3 KneBa Bi)J,OMHH

1885 p. i, HK TBep)J,HTh

10. JlyKOMChKHH, BiH BBa.lKaB, IIIO BHHBJieHi lj>yH)J,aMeHTH Ha ,BocKpeciHChKiM"

Tpe6a

Bi)J,HOCHTH )1,0

CBHTHHIO po3KorryBaB .H.

o6opOHHHX KaM'HHHX Be.lK.

IIi3Hiiiie

IIacTepHaK. II )J,aTyiOTh XIII cT.

qy)J,OBHM IIaM'HTHHKOM KaM'HHOI apxiTeKTypH KHH.lKOrO raJinqa 6yJia u;epKBa CB. HOI IIIKOJIH

IIaHTeJieHMOHa XII-XIII

6epe3i JliMHHIIi y

rrepJIHHa BHTBOpiB KHH.lKOI apxiTeKTyp-

CTOJiiTTH.

3aJiyKBi,

liH

CBHTHHH

36eperJiaCH

Ha rrpaBOMY

BOHajqy)J,OM BIIiJiiJia Bi)J, naTH€BOI HaBaJIH.

0)J,HHM i3 rrepiiiHX )J,OCJii)J,HHKiB u;iei 6y)J,iBJii 6yB Bi)J,OMHH raJIHIIhKHH

BqeHnil

IIHCaB, 6yJIH i

IIIO

II eTpyiiieBnq.

IIO)J,i6Hi

CBOIH

rrpau;i

IIO)J,BiHHHMH

rrpo

1:110

BaJiaMH

6y)J,oBy poBaMH

paHiiiie, a u;epKBa IIaHTeJieiiMoHa 6yJia rro6y)J,oBaHa B cepe-

)J,HHi XIII cToJiiTTH. pOHIIH

BiH

yKpirrJieHHH

3)J,OpoB'H,

Ha Pyci CB.

KHH3i

HOCHJIH

II aHTeJieiiMoHa BBa.lKaJIH 3a oxo-

iforo

306pa.lKeHHH

eM6JieMy

IIIOJIOMaX. ,UeHKi )J,OCJii)J,HHKH JiiTorrncHHM

(HK B. JlyiiiKeBnq) IIOMHJIKOBO BBa.lKaJIH CBHTHHIO

Y crreHChKHM

co6opoM.

AJie

ocTaHHIO

KparrKy

Ha)J,

u;iero

142

BoJtoiJuMup

Ta€MHHIJ,eiO

rroKJiaB

JieHChKHii,

HKHH

0. IIe-

rrpoTnroM

KiJILKox poKiB ua rroqaTKY CT.

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

BUBqaB IJ,epKBY

~eTaJihHO

i ~OCJii~HB 30BHiiiiHi KOHTypu lj>yH~aMeHTiB i CTiH, mO ~aJIO

MOlKJIHBiCTh B peKOHCTpyKIJ,ii' 306pa3UTU rrepBUHHHH BHrJIH~ IJ,i€I yHiKaJihHOI CBHTUHi.

Bci

cBol ~ocJii~MeHHH Bqeuuii-MucTeiJ,TB03HaBeiJ,h BUKJiaB B OKpeMiH rrpa11,i, HKa 6yJia B~a Ha

KpaKoBi

IIOJihChKOIO

1914

poKy

MOBOIO

,ra-

JIUq B rro~inx cepe~HhOBiquo ro MHCTeiJ,TBa". CaMa IJ,epKBa 6yJia rro6y~oBaHa

BHTHM

HeBi~OMUM

TaJiaHO-

apxiTeKTOpOM

3aHTiHChKOMY CTHJii: JIH~i

KBa~paTa

KOJIOHaMU, JIU

HKi

roJIOBHY

y y

BiBHr-

qoTUpMa

rri~TpHMyBa-

Korry JIY,

Kupu!liBCbKa

IIiBKOJieCaMU a6cu~. QiKaBUM HBUmeM

CBHTHHi

€

apxiTeKTypi Te,

IJ,i€I

BJiaCTHBi

u,epKBa.

PeKoHcmpyKU,i5l

10.

JlyKoMCbKOi!O

cnaiJ111,uHa J(aBHbOi!O

6p01uypu ,ApximeKmypHa

FaJtulfa"

(c.

17)

pUCU Bi3aHTiHChKOrO CTUJIIO 3HaUIIIJIU TYT rapMOHiHHi CIIOJiyqeHHH i3 IIpOBi~HHMU pucaMU poMaHChKOrO

CTHJIIO,

XII cT. 6yB rrornupeuuu B

3axi~uiu

€Bporri.

BoHU CIIOCTepiraiOThCH y BHrJIH~i rOJIOBHOrO Ta 6iquoro IIOpTaJiiB, a IIOTiM y

TphOX

arrcu~ax,

pi3L6JieHHMH KarriTeJIHMH.

o6cTaBJieHUX TOHKHMU KOJIOHaMU i3 rapHO Ha~3Buqauue

uax roJIOBHoro rropTaJiy, ua lx roJioBax. rOJIOBU

(KaiiiTeJii)

ripJIHH~aMu

KBiTiB.

6araTCTBO pi3L6u ua KOJIOOco6JiuBo rapuo pi3L6JieHi

KOJIOH, mO MaiOTh BHrJIH~ KBiTOK a6o KOIIIHKiB i3 QepKBa CB.

IlaHTeJieiiMoHa 3aJiurnuJiacn o~uuo

KOIO IIaM'HTKOIO KaM'HHOI apxiTeKTypu KHHlKHX qaciB i HBJIH€ co6010 ua~3Buqauuo

rapuuu Ta IJ,iKaBuii 3pa3oK apxiTeKTypu

XIII cToJiiTTH.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

143

ToM

H a

CBHTHHIO

BeJIHKe

BnrraJio

BHIIpo6yBaHHH.

HaiJ,pyiiHoBaHa

qacn

1240

Harra)J,y op)J,H EaTHH

poKy, BOHa BHCTOHJia, aJie 3

IIpHXO)J,OM

IIOJihChKO-

IIIJIHXeTChKO I OKyrrauji raJinqa HOBi rrpaBHTeJii B

60-

X poKax XIV cToJiiTTH rrepeTBOpHJIH

paJihHHH

KaTOJIHIIhKHH

KOCThOJI CB.

KaTe)],-

CTaHicJiaBa.

B HhOMY 30Cepe)J,HB CBOIO )J,iHJihHiCTh

KaTOJIHIIhKHH

apxiErrncKorr, HKHH TYT rrepe6yBaB

1414

)J,O

poKy,

KOJIH u;e JiaTHHChKe €IIHCKOIICTBO

aepKBa

CB.

IlaHmeJzeUMOHa XII-Xlll em.

PeKoHcmpyKf1i5l

0cTaHHi

IIi)],

Bi)J,aHHH qac

KaTOJIHIIhKOrO

rrepe6y)J,OBH

rrepeHece-

3aJIHIIIaJiach

IleJzeHCbKO<o

TiHHi. rrepeXO)J,HTh

6yJIO

He )J,O JlLBOBa. A rroTiM 6 iJIH 200 poKiB IIH CBHTH-

Op)J,eHy

yKpaiHChKOI

3arryc-

1596 pou;i xpaM

OTIIiB

CBHTHHi

c)>paHu;icKaHu;iB.

1611

pou;i

cTaporo BhaHTiilcLKoro CTHJIIO rrepeTBOpiOIOTh II y TpnHec)>Hnii 6a3HJiiKaHChKHH KOCThOJI B

CTHJii 6apOKKO.

MoHaxn 3 MeToiO MOHacTnpchKOI cJ>opTnc)>iKau;ii )J,eiiiO 3MiHIOIOTh II IIOJIOMeHHH,

)J,06y)J,OBYIOTh )1,3BiHHIIIO,

He3BaMaiOqH

u;e,

CBHTHHi

3aB)J,aJia

167 6 poKy, )J,aJii u;epKBa rroropiJia 3HHII1eHHH 3a

I. HHH

qacH

Tpa)J,HIIiHMH,

rrepiiiOI HKi

BH)J,OBMeHoi

)J,O

3BaHoMy

Ha JiiBOMY 6epe3i JlyKBH, y

c)>yH)J,aMeHTH

180 2

CBOI

p03KOIIKH,

pyifHau;ii poKy,

Typeu;hKa rri3Hiiiie

Op)J,a

3a3HaJia

XIX

cT.,

JI.

JlaBpeu;LKHH

,QepKBHChKo", IIIO po3TaiiioBa-

1884-1885 poKaX BHHBHJIH IIIe O)J,Hi

6iJioKaM'HHOI

)J,OCJii)J,MyBaB apxeoJior 10. JlyKoMChKHH. pe)J,Hi

o6opOHHi BaJIH.

CBiTOBOI BiHHHA

icHyBaJIH

IIIapaHeBnq Ha xyTopi,

CIIOpyiJ,MYIOTh

BCTaHOBHB

u;epKBH, BiH,

Haiii

qac

IIIe

orrnparoqnch Ha rrorre-

OCHOBi

c)>yH)J,aMeHTiB,

IIIO

144

BoJtoiJuMup

CBHTHHH

)J,aTy€ThCH

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

rroqaTKOM

XIII cT. BcTaHOBJieno, rn:o <J>yn)J,aMeHTH IIi)J,JIOrH BHKJia)J,eHi pi3HHMH IIOJIHB'HHHMH IIJIHTKaMH 3pa3KaMH

pi3b6JieHHX

yJiaMKiB

apxiTeKTypnoro )J,eKopy, a B3araJii

CTpyKTypa

JiaCh

xpaMy

CKJia)J,a-

IIpHMOKYTHOI

rrpecBiTepy i

HaBH,

arrcH)J,H, rn:o

6yJIH

xapaKTepHi )J,JIH HeBeJIHKHX CaKpaJihHHX 6y)J,iBeJih cepe)J,HhOBiqHOI €Bporrn, <J>yn)J,aMeHTH crroPYiJ,MyBaJIHCH

piqKoBoro

Ka-

MeHIO. He)J,aJieKO raJinqa, y cxi)J,Hiil iloro

qacTnni,

p03KHHYJIOCH pOBHHHe

na)J,

,UnicTpoM

HeBeJIHqKe

ceJio

IIiTpnq.

70-x poKax XIX

CTaIII,e

cT.

IleT-

pyrneBnq Ha OCHOBi )J,aBHiX

aK-

aepKBa

TiB

TYT

nicfl5l

BCTaHOBHB

icHyBaHHH

CB.

JlaHmeJteUMOHa

(1998)

pecmaepau,if

3 KHHMoro qacy MonacTnpn CB. BacnJiiH

u;epKBOIO

YcrreHHH

CBHTOI

Eoropo)J,Hlli.

CeJia icHyBaJIH MOHaCTHpChKi 6y)J,HHKH.

TyT,

JIO TYT yJiaMKH rJIHHHHOrO IIOCy)J,y Ta iHIIIi rrpe)J,MeTH. KaMH

3au;iKaBHBCH

IIpOBiB

iBano-<J>panKiBChKHH

p03KOIIKH,

IIi)],

)J,epeB'HHOI u;epKOBlli.

qac

U:e i

)J,aTyeThCH rroqaTKOM XIII u;eHTpi

HKHX

na y3rip'I

CiJihChKe HaCeJieHHH BHHBJIH-

apxeoJior

BHHBHB

U:HMH 3HaXi)J,-

ToMenqyK

lj>yH)J,aMeHTH

HeBeJIHqKOI

6yJia 3ra)J,aHa MOHaCTHpCbKa u;epKBa, UJ:O cToJiiTTH.

ChOrO)J,HiiiiHhOrO MiCTa

raJinqa 36eperJiaCH

3 )J,aBHiX BiKiB

u;epKBa Pi3)J,Ba XpncToBoro. 3 6paKy )J,MepeJI neBi)J,oMo rrpo II rroqaToK. 0)J,Hi

)J,OCJii)J,HHKH

)J,aTyiOTh

Kinu;eM

Bi)J,HOCHTh II rroHBY )J,O rroqaTKY XV cT. BMe icnyBaJia B IleTpyrneBnq aJie rri3nirne ChKHH.

XIII B

rroqaTKOM

XIV,

inrni

KopoJiiBChKiil JIIOCTpau;ii Bona

15 65 pou;i, 3HaqnTh 1:111 6y)J,iBJIH 3'HBHJiacn panirne. A.

B6aqaB

niil

JiiTorrncnnil

iloro rirroTe3y crrpocTyBaJIH

Co6op

YcrreHHH

Eoropo)J,Hlli,

I. illapaneBnq i 0. IleJieH-

HoBi rrorJIH)J,H na icTopiro u;iei u;epKBH KHHYB

3. <l>e)J,yHKiB.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l IlpuKapnammR.

aepKBa ma 3a

iJ3BiHUU,5l

naM '5lmHUK

BH3HaqeHHHM

ToM

.aaHufly

145

Pi3dBa

XpucmoBOi!O

Fa!lUU,bKOMY

Fa!luHi

10. JlyKOMChKOro, IIpOTHrOM CBO€I

apxeoJiora

6araToBiKoBoi icTopii IJ,epKBa He pa3 rrepe6y)J,oByBaJiach.

CyqacHuii

II cTaH BOHa oTpuMaJia rricJIH pecTaBpaiJ,ii Ha rroqaTKY XX cToJiiTTH. QepKBa CIIOpy)J,.lKeHa B Tpa)J,HIJ,iHHOMY TpUHaBHOMY IIJiaHi, )J,aBHiMH € JIUllie

~yH)J,aMeHTU.

llo6y)J,OBaHa BOHa 6yJia 3 MiCIJ,eBoro KaMeHID.

EyJia 36y)J,oBaHa me

XII

cToJiiTTi

IJ,epKBa

HKOI Bi)J,KpHB JleB JlaBpeiJ,hKHii B KiHIJ,i XIX cT.

EJiaroBimeHHH,

cJii)J,u

TipaB)J,OIIO)J,i6Ho, BOHa

6yJia )J,epeB'HHOID i, 3a BH3HaqeHHHM 10. JlyKOMChKOro, 3py6HOI KOHCTpyKIJ,ii

MeHrnoi IJ,epKBa.

CKJia)J,aJiaCH BiBTapn.

)],BOX

KBa)J,paTHHX

Ha II MiciJ,i

6yJia

KJiiTeii

3rO)J,OM

6iJihlliOI

crropy)J,.lKeHa

KaM'HHa

TiepBicHa CBHTHHH, MO.lKJIHBo, 3ropiJia B qac EaTHH.

KpiM Il,HX, MOHacTupi BacuJIH,

icHyBaJIU

ypoqumi

MJIHChKHii

IJ,epKBa

lloKpoBu,

iHrni

KHH.lKi ca11,,

CBHTHHi: IJ,epKBa

IJ,epKBa AHHH,

IJ,epKBH Ha

IJ,epKBa

o6opOHHi

CoKoJii, IBaHa,

IJ,epKBa

QBHHTapUChKax, IJ,epKBa Eopuca i rJii6a. A BChOro pa30M, 3a HalliUMU IIi)J,paxyHKaMU, B XII-Xill CT. icHyBaJIO IIOHa)J,

20 CBHTHHh Ha TepuTopii

KHH.lKOrO raJiuqa. Bci BOHU 3HUKJIH, B TOM qu iHlliHH qac, a Haii6iJihllie IX rroropiJIO B rrepio)J, MOHrOJihChKOI HaBaJIU i

He JIUllie B

1240, a U

146

Bo;zoiJuMup

rri3rrirne

HHmHJIH

XIY -XYII

raJIHllhKY

cToJiiTTnx,

3eMJIIO,

B TOMY

KOJIH

Crrnparoqnch rra rrorrepe)J,Hi cxeMn,

IIacTeprraKa,

Kaprepa,

MnpocJiaB

rrocTiilrro raJinq.

CKJia)J,erri Micu;eBHMH Kpae3Ha-

0. Ioarrrri-

IleJieHChKoro,

A. Tiu;a, 10. 3axapieBnqa, I. illaparreBnqa,

MornTnqa,

raTaJieBnq

op)J,H

qncJii i II CTOJIHIIIO -

BIIHMH Ta rrJiaHaMH i peKOHCTPYKlliHMH 0. cnrra, .H.

TaTapcLKi

Tpa6oeeu,oKui1

10. JlyKoMChKHM, xy)J,OlKHHK

rraBe)J,erri

TaJiaHOBHTO

3MaJIIOBaB

cxeMy

rraM'HTOK

u;ep-

KOBHO-MOHaCTHpChKOI apxiTeKTypH Ha IIpOCTOpiH TepHTOpii KHHlKOrO raJinqa.

U:iHHe H Te, mO KpiM CBHTHHh, BiH IIO)J,aB IIpH6JIH3HY CXeMy

rrepBicrroro rpa)J,a BoJIO)J,HMHpKa 3 YcrrerrchKHM Co6opoM i MicTa, HKe rrornnpnJiocn 3a .HpocJiaBa OcMOMHCJia.

Ha cxeMi 3o6paMerro yHBHe

p03TaiiiyBaHHH rrepe)J,MiCTH Ta IIOCa)J,H

raJIHllhKHX peMiCHHKiB,

IIIyBaHHH

3aMKY

6onpnrra

CyiJ,HCJiaBa

IOpiiBChKoro

p03Ta-

o6oporrrroro

MOHaCTHpH.

KH5l:JICUU

OJteUJKiB.

apxeo;zoi!i1.fHUMU XyiJo:JICHUK

Xoq

6araTo

6ypXJIHBHH

TYT

p03MaX

ynBrroro,

po3KonKaMu

leap

aJie

qnTaq

KY XIV cToJiiTh. CBHTHHi

KHHlKOrO

3MOMe

u;epKOBHO-MOHaCTHpChKOrO

KHH3IOBaHHH )J,HHacTii PocTHCJiaBnqiB i IQe B cBiii qac 0. raJinqa,

)J,aB

EociJaHa

ToMeH1.fyKa.

.aepKa1.f

rraoqrro

rro6aqnTH

6y)J,iBHHIITBa

PoMarroBnqiB y XII -

qacH

rroqaT-

IleJieHChKHH, yBaMrro BHBqHBIIIH

BJiyqrry

xapaKTepHCTHKY

Bi)J,HOCHO

apxiTeKTypHOI 6y)J,OBH. Birr BBalKaB, mo KHHlKi CBHTHHi 6yJIH rro6y)J,oBaHi

Bi3aHTiHChKO-pOMaHChKOMY

CTHJii.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

147

ToM

f AJillQbKA TPillQ51: IIPEMY~Pllll KHll)J(HllK TllMOIll raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOMY

JiiTOIIHCi,

OCHOBHOMY

)J,.lKepeJii

)1,0

BHBqeHHH icTopii IliB)J,eHH0-3axi)J,HOI Pyci Xill CTOJiiTTH, B

1(u

HKOMY

rrepio)J,

qiTKo

rrpoBe)J,ena

i)J,eH

<J>eo)J,aJILHOI po3)J,po6JienocTi,

pnqnnx

IIOCTaTeH

My)J,pHil"

3ra)J,yiOThCH

TnMolj>iil,

,xnTpeu;L"

TpH

e)J,HOCTi cepe)],

raJIHllhKi

AB)J,iil

pycLKHX

6araTLox )J,iHqi

3eMeJih

u;iKaBnx icTo-

KYJILTypn:

,cJioByTHHH rreBeu;"

,rrpe-

MnTyca.

X TO u;i )J,inqi KYJILTYPH raJIHllhKOI 3eMJii X i l l CTOJiiTTH, HKi IIOTpaiiHJIH na

cTopiHKH

IIIHpOKO

E e 3 cyMHiBy, lx .lKHTTH i

JiiTorrncy?

Bi)J,OMi,

TOMY

3aCJiyroByiOTh

)J,iHJILHicTh

6yJIH

BHBqeHHH.

CJii)J,

OKpeMe

3ayBa.lKHTH, IIIO JiaKOHiqniCTh 3ra)J,OK rrpo HHX B JiiTOIIHCi YCKJia)J,HIO€ 6iJihiii

)J,eTaJihHe

)J,iHqiB.

,I(oci

qaciB ,UaHHJia

BHBqeHHH

icTopnqniil PoMaHOBnqa

)J,iHJihHOCTi

KO.lKHOrO

MHCTeliTB03HaBqift raJIHllhKOro

IIHX

JiiTepaTypi

3ra)J,yiOThCH

CJiaBeTHHX u;i

JIHIIIe

IIOCTaTi

rro6i.lKHO.

II epiiiHM 3 u;iel raJIHllhKOI Tpiilu;i y JiiTorrnci 3ra)J,yeTLCH TnMolj>iil. Ilpo

HhOro

rrpeMy)J,pnil

JiiTOIIHCellh KHH.lKHHK,

JiiTOIIHCHOrO

ypHBKa

IIOBi)J,OMJIH€

po)J,OM

MO.lKHa

TaK:

KneBa".

3p06HTH

,A 6yB

OT.lKe,

BHCHOBOK,

BHCOKOOCBiqeHOIO JIIO)J,HHOIO Ha TOll

qac.

Tepi

raJinqa,

MiCT

PYChKHX"

BiH

rrpn6yB

)1,0

o6'e)J,HyBaqa raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOro

BHqa.

raJinqi

o6i3HaHHH

3 TOroqacHHMH

.lKyco6Hi BiHHH ChKOI

BJia)J,H

COI03HHKOM

TnMolj>iil

TnMolj>iil, KopoTKoro

THMO<j>iil

6yB

CTOJihHOrO rpa)J,a oqeBH)J,HO,

Ille

PoMaHa

KHH.lKOro

IIOJiiTHqHHMH IIO)J,iHMH,

BiH

,Ma-

qaciB

McTHCJia-

)J,Bopy.

,Uo6pe

3aCy)J,.lKyBaB

Mi-

IIi)J,TpHMyBaB rrpeCTH.lK BeJIHKOKHH3iB-

CIIiBrrpau;IOBaB

6opOTh6i

)1,0

u;Loro IIIO

KHH3iBCTBa -

na6JIH3HBCH

raJIHllhKHX 6onp, TiCHO

raJinqi

,I(aHHJIOM

yropChKHMH

raJIHllhKHM

HOrO

lj>eo)J,aJiaMH

McTHCJiaBoM

Xoq icTopnqni lj>aKTH rrpo TnMolj>in na)J,TO cKyrri,

aJie BOHH )J,aiOTh

YiJ,aTHHM.

3Mory BH3HaqHTH

CYTh

HOrO )J,iHJihHOCTi Ha IlpHKaprraTTi:

BiH BHCTy-

rraB IIpOTH yropChKHX lj>eo)J,aJiiB-3arap6HHKiB raJIHllhKOI 3eMJii

1221),

(

12 04-

3)J,iilcHHB )J,HIIJIOMaTnqny Miciro Bi)J, iMeni M CTHCJiaBa McTHCJia-

Bnqa YiJ,aTnoro 3 MeToiO 3arro6iraHHH 6onpchKO-KHH3iBChKHX Mi.lKyco6nu;L,

BiB

JIHrJIH

JiiTepaTypHi

OCHOBY

3aiiHCH

TOroqacHHX

raJIHllhKO- BoJIHHChKOro

iCTOpHqHHX

JiiTorrncy.

IIO)J,iH,

IIIO

148

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

IloqaToK XIII cToJiiTTH B icTopil raJIHllhKO- BoJIHHChKOro KHH3iBCTBa xapaKTepH3yBaBCH

YCKJia)J,HeHHHM

THqHHX

rro11,iil.

Tonol

3arn6eJii

IIOJii-

IIicJIH

parr-

PoMaHa

(1205)

McTucJiaouqa

Ma-

JieHhKi HOrO CHHH ,UaHHJIO i BacHJihKO Ta lx MaTH, KHHrHHH

PoMaHoua,

yTpHMaTHCH

3MorJIH

raJIHllhKOMY

rrpecToJii qepe3 3pa11,y 6onp, HKi IIiiiiJIH

Ha 3MOBY 3 yrop-

ChKHMH <J>eo)J,aJiaMn. Iloqaucn rrepio)J, MbKyco6H£1h.

ra-

JIHllhKO- BoJIHHChKHH JiiTorrnceu;h

TaK

, II oqHeM

rrniiie Me

rrpo

u;e:

po3rroui11,a TH

rrpo He3JiiqeHHi 6HTBH i

rrpo

CTpalK)J,aHHH BeJIHKi, rrpo qacTi

BiHHH,

MOJIH,

rrpo rrpo

MHOri

qacTi

IIpeMyiJpuu

Kpa-

TuMorjJiu.

KHUJICHUK

XyiJoJ~CHUK

3auopy-

Kamoc

MuKoJta

IIIeHHH, i rrpo MHori 3aKOJIOTH, 6o 3MaJIKY He 6yJio IM o6oM (,UaHHJIOBi BacHJihKOBi) CIIOKOIO". Ili)J,cTyrrHHH

yropchKHH

pou;i )1,0 ce6e KHHrHHIO IIOCJiaB )1,0 EopnM 6onp i

raJinqa

(JincnM).

CBO€

BiHChKO

(BJia)J,HCJiaBa KopMHJihqnqa,

aJILHoro

peMHM

Hau;ioHaJihHOrO

Miiu;aHCTBO

AH11,piil

II,

3MOBHBCH qoJii

3arrpocnBIIIH

1210

3 IIOJihChKHM KOpOJieM i

3 rraJiaTHHOM

EeHe)J,HKTOM

Toil 3a )J,OIIOMororo rrpoyropchKOI rpyrrn raJIHllhKHX

BCTaHOBHB MopcTOKHH

6i)J,He

KopoJih

3 )J,iThMH,

IJIJii III,erraHOBHqa) yropchKHX

rH06JieHHH

raJinqa Ta y6ore

<J>eo)J,aJiiB.

BHCTYIIHJIH

3aXOIIHB raJinq IIpoTH

,rpa)J,ChKi"

cou;iMyMi,

CeJIHHCTBO.

CaMe 11,0 u;Loro qacy Bi)J,HOCHThCH uncTyrrn KHHlKHHKa TnMolj>in. BiH BHKpHBaB 6HHKiB.

peaKu;iiiHy

IIOJiiTHKY

3pa)J,JIHBHX

6oHp

yropChKHX

3arap-

Y rrpoMoBi 11,0 raJIHllhKoro JIIO)J,Y TnMolj>iil Ha3HBaB yropcLKoro

rraJiaTHHa

EeHe)J,HKTa

,aHTnxpncToM",

,3a Mep30THHMH )J,iJiaMH

Mn", rHo6nTeJieM, IIIO BCiJIHKO YTHCKaB lKHTeJiiB rpa)J,a raJinqa.

cuoi-

CBOIMH

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

14 9

BHCTyiiaMH IIpOTH rH06HTeJiiB KHH.lKHHK BHKJIHKaB rHiB EeHe)J,HKTa Eopa. IIOKHHYTH IIIHB.

YHHKaroqn

raJIHq.

BiiJ,KpHTO

TaBpyroqH

6oHp,

rrepecJii)J,yBaHh,

CBO€l )J,iHJihHOCTi

3acy)J,.lKyiOqn HKi

rrpeMy)J,pHll

arpeciro

3MyiiieHHll

6yB

KHH.lKHHK He

3aJIH-

<J>eo)J,aJiiB,

rHiBHO

yropchKHX

3pa)J,.lKyBaJIH ,UaHHJia

HeB)J,OBOJieHHH

TnMolj>ill

PoMaHOBHqa,

BiH

BHIIpaB)J,O-

ByBaB CIIYCTOIIIeHHH KHH3eM Ma€TKiB CBOIX He)J,pyriB. TaK, KOJIH 6oHpHH LKHpOCJiaB,

3pa)J,HBIIIH

,X all

rrncaB:

BnrrpaB)J,OByBaB MOJihHHKa

KHH3H,

6y)J,e )J,Bip

,rrory6HB

lloro rrycTHll,

KHH.lKHHK

BoJIO)J,HCJiaBa,

BiTqH3HY

ceJii

rro36aBJieHHH

HKHll HaCHJihHO

CBOIO",

xall He

6onpchKHX 3axorrHB

THMO<j>ill

6y)J,e .lKHBoro".

rrpaB

)J,iTell

raJIHIIhKHll

Kpa-

rrpecToJI.

TnMolj>ill cTaB aKTHBHHM rrpHXHJihHHKOM HOBropo)J,ChKoro KHH3H McTHCJiaBa

YiJ,aTHoro,

)J,OIIOMOrTH

HKHll

1219

raJIHqaHaM

porri

BH3BOJIHTH

rrpn6yB

CTOJihHHll

CBOIMH

rpa)J,

raJIHq

BOIHaMH,

11106

Bi)J, 3arap6HHKiB.

U:ell lj>aKT 3acBi)J,qye, 1110 TnMolj>ill 6yB aKTHBHHM 6oprreM rrpoTH 3arap6HHKiB i

po3yMiB 3HaqeHHH 3MirrHeHHH raJIHIIhKO-BOJIHHChKOrO KHH3iBCTBa.

BHcTyiiaiOqH HyBaB

IIpOTH

cerrapaTH3MY

BillChKOBO-)J,HIIJIOMaTnqHi

3oKpeMa,

BiH

I3)J,HB )J,O

MicrreBHX

)J,opyqeHHH

IIepeMHIIIJIH,

KY)J,H

6onp,

McTHCJiaBa 3a

HaMOBOIO

yroprriB LK.npocJiaBa BTeKJIH )J,eHKi raJIHIIhKi 6onpn. rrepeKoHaTH

rroBepHyTHCH

IlpeMy)J,pHll

KHH.lKHHK

rrepellTH

3aJIHIIIHB

HaM

6iK

)J,OCJii)J,.lKyiOqH

3Be)J,eHHH

rrpncBnqeHHll MaJioJiiTHiM

)J,aHoro

p03IIOBi)J,h

)J,OBiB,

3po6JieHHll

CKJia)J,aqeM

U:n

rroqaTKOBa

HKOrO

MO<j>ill

qacTHHa

CTaJIH

BHCOKO

3aiiHCH

rriHHB

IIOJIOBIIHMH,

MoHoMaxa,

)J,iHJihHiCTh

1110 rrory6nB

HKHll

,KHHYBCH

HK Ta pHCh, HK TOll

opeJI,

ry6HB a

6yB

1211

KHH.lKHHKa,

PoMaHa

Pyci",

IIi)J,KpeCJIIOIOqH,

TnMolj>ill o6pa3HO i Ha,

JI.

1110

raJIHIIhKO- BoJIHHChKOro rrpeMy)J,poro

lloro , caMo)J,ep.lKrreM yciel 3

OCTaHHi

1110

rroraHHX

qeperrHill,

JiiTorrncy

JiiTOIIHCY'

McTHCJiaBnqa,

i3MaiJihTHH,

To6To

poKoM.

CBi)J,qHTh,

,HaCJii)J,yBaB

llOro,

BoJIO)J,HMHpa

OCHO-

1110 TH-

Ha3HBaiOqH

TaKo.lK lloro 3acJiyrn B BiH

pOKH

rroqaTOK

KniBChKoro

rri)J,cTaBi 3arrnciB TnMolj>in, )J,aToBaHHX rrpn6JIH3HO

BOIO

rrpo

b' BHKOpHCTaB CKJia)J,aq

icTopil IliB)J,eHHo-3axi)J,HOI Pyci )J,O 3aHHTTH ,UaHHJIOM,

YiJ,aTHoro. rrpn6iqHHKa

TnMolj>ill 3YMiB lx

PocillChKHll icTOpHK JiiTOIIHCY,

BHKO-

McTHCJiaBa Ta ,UaHHJia.

PoMaHa i rroqaTOK )J,iHJihHOCTi llOrO CHHa ,UaHHJia. raJIHIIhKO-BOJIHHChKOro JiiTorrncy.

KHH.lKHHK

6opoTL6i

rrpe)J,Ka

CBOrO

rroJioBrriB".

BJiyqHo oxapaKTepH3yBaB MY.lKHIO B)J,aqy PoMaHa rroraHHX,

HK TOll

(lx), HK TOll KpOKO)J,HJI,

XOpo6pHll

6yB,

HK TOll

Typ".

JieB,

cep)J,HTHll .lKe

6yB,

rrepeXO)J,HB 3eMJIIO IX,

150

BoJtoiJuMup

,UaJii

JiiTOIIHCi

H,ll,eThCH

rrpo

MbKyco6nuj

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

raJIHllhKOMY KHH3iB-

CTBi IIiCJIH CMepTi PoMaHa. JliTOIIHCellh 3aCy,ll,lKY€ 3pa,ll,y 6onp, KOTpHX Ha3HBa€ ,6e360lKHHMH", IIIO CIIpHHJIH HaCTYIIY yropChKHX lj>eo,ll,aJiiB i 3arroqaTKyBaJIH BalKKi B,ll,aJIOCH

,IIOCa,li,HTH

qacn

KHH3H

raJIHllhKi

,UaHHJia

KHH3H PoMarra", aJie rrerra,ll,oBro, JIH

KHHrHHIO EaraTo

3aJIHIIIHTH

yBarn

pociilchKHH

Birr BH3rraqnB rroqaTKY

3'ncyBaB,

CT.

IIOJIKY IropeBiM"'

Pn6aKoB.

OTIIH

noro

HOro,

qac

BeJIHKOrO

raJinqi.

JiiTorrnceu;h

CBHTOCJiaBnqa,

,li,OCJii,li,MeHHHX

pycLKi

y ,11,pyrin

HoBropo,ll,i

HKoro

Iropn

rrpncBHTHB ArraJii3yroqn

rrepe6yBaHHH

KneBi,

TnMolj>in,

6yB rrocJii,li,OBHHKOM

CTOJii

Ha ,ll,eHKHH

,rreBipn" raJIHllhKi 6onpn 3Mycn-

TnMolj>iro

rrpn6JIH3He

XIII

Xo q

raJinq.

KHHMHHKY

icTopnK

3eMJii.

Yqerrnil

rra3HBae

repon

BoJIO,li,HMHpa raJIHllhKOro,

JiiTorrncn,

rroJIOBHHi XIITaKOlK

,raJinqarrnrroM",

Bi,ll,oMoro

,CJioBa o

CHHa .HpocJiaBa OcMO-

MHCJia. 3a TBep,li,MeHHHMH E. 0. Pn6aKoBa, TnMolj>iii rroqaB ,11,iHTH ,rra KHIBChKOMY KYJILTyprroMy rrorrpnmi" ,11,ech y Kirru;i 80-x poKiB XII MOlKJIHBO, cToJiy

rrepeHIIIOBIIIH

BoJIO,li,HMnpa

CIO,li,H

raJinqa

.HpocJiaBnqa,

TYT

IIiCJIH

ycyHeHHH

rrarrncaB

qacTnrry

ChKoro JiiTorrncy, ,11,e H,ll,eThCH rrpo rroxi,11, Iropn 1185 poKy.

cT.,

3 KHHlKOrO KniB-

MoMJIHBo,

IIH IIOBiCTh crroqaTKY icHyBaJia II03a JiiTOIIHCOM HK CaMOCTiHHHH TBip, a KOJIH B

1189 pou;i BoJIO,li,HMHp JlpOCJiaBHq IIOBepHyBCH Ha raJIHllh-

KHH rrpecToJI,

TO ii

HhOro ,ll,eHKHH qac. TnMolj>iii

TnMolj>in,

HK noro rrpnxHJihHHK,

3HOBY 3aJIHIIIHB u;i Micu;n i

McTHCJiaBa

McTHCJiaBnqa,

rra

rra,~J,il

BH3BOJieHHH

Bi,ll,

III 0,11,0

TnMolj>iii

Mir

BHCBiTJIHB 6HTBY

rrarrncaTH

,ll,iHJihHicTh

1214

poKy,

rrepe6yBaB

6iJIH

IIpoTe, KOJIH raJinq 3aXOIIHJIH yropChKi <J>eo,ll,aJIH,

3'HBHBCH y

HKoro

irro3eMHHX

HoBropo,li,ChKHH

McTHCJiaBa

3aCy,li,HB

HOrO

HoBropo,11,i rra ,li,Bopi

raJinqarrn

rroKJia,ll,aJIH

3arap6rrnKiB.

JiiTorrnc,

Y,11,aTrroro, BOporiB,

HKOMY

30KpeMa, TOMY

qncJii

BeJIHKi

CaMe

TYT

HCKpaBo

Jlnrrnu;LKY raJIHllhKHX

6oHp-3pa,li,HHKiB. KoJIH

1219

pou;i

rroBropo,li,ChKi

rroJIKH

rra

qoJii

McTHCJiaBoM

Y,ll,aTHHM rrpn6yJIH Ha ,li,OIIOMOry ,UaHHJIY raJIHllhKOMy, TnMolj>iii 3HOBY 3Mir IIOBepHyTHCH ,11,0 raJinqa i

6yTH IIpH KHH3i-BH3BOJIHTeJii ,11,0

1227

poKy. Bipori,~J,rricTh Toro,

ChKoro

qacTKOBO

ocrroBoiO ,li,JIH rrarrncarrrrn KniBChKoro, HoBropo,li,-

raJIHllhKO- BoJIHHChKOro

JiiTOIIHCiB

MOrJIH

CTaTH

rrepBicrri 3arrncn KHHlKHHKa TnMolj>in, E. 0. Pn6aKoB rroncrrroe TaKHMH

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

c)>aKTopaMH.

ITo -rreprne, yBaMHHH aHaJii3

ciB IIOKa3yiOTh CXOMiCTh IX CTHJiiB". CTBep)J,MY€

Pn6aKoB,

CIIiBCTaBJieHHH IIHX JiiTOIIH-

0)J,Ha CTHJiiCTHqHa pnca,

o6'€)J,HY€

o;iKaBJIIITh

KniBChKHH

JiiTorrnc

McTHCJiaBa i

raJIHllhKHH JiiTOIIHC

151

ToM

Bci TPH

PwpnKa,

TaK

HKi Hac

HoBropo)J,ChKHH

JiiTorrnc

qaciB Toro

o6cTaBHHH rrepexo11,y TnMoc)>iH 3 KnEBa,

JiiTorrncn,

McTHCJiaBa".

HoBropo)J,a i

Ilo-)J,pyre,

raJinqa crriBrra-

)J,aiOTh 3 THMH, 3a IIKHMH BiH 3MyiiieHHH 6yB rrepepHBaTH CBOI JiiTOIIHCHi IIOBi)J,OMJieHHII, )J,yMe IIpHKJia)J,, ChKHM

rroHBa

CXOMi XY)J,OMHiMH

TnMoc)>iH

JiiTOIIHCOM

KnEBi

(lrraTiiBChKHH

80-x

CIIHCOK),

3aco6aMH HaiiHCaHHII. poKax crriBrra)J,a€ )J,e

BMillleHO

HaKniB-

IIOBiCTh

rrpo

rroxi11, lrop11 1185 poKy, a )J,aJii 3 iloro rrepexo)J,OM y raJinq rroqnHa€ThCII raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKHH JiiTOIIHC. Ili3Hiiiie, rrepe)J, He6e3IIeKOIO HaBaJIH

yropchKHX

cJ>eo)J,aJiiB,

rrpHXHJihHHK McTHCJiaBa

YiJ,aTHoro

rrepeixaB

11,0 HoBropo)J,a. U:en qac crriBrra)J,a€ 3 rroHBOIO HoBropo)J,ChKoro JiiTorrncy, IIKHH OXOIIJIIO€ rrepio)J, 3 Y

1210 )1,0

1220 poKiB.

3B'II3KY 3 THM, Ha Haiiiy iJ,YMKy, MOMHa IIOrO)J,HTHCII 3 OpHriHaJihHHM

rrpnrryllleHHIIM aKa)J,eMiKa E. 0. Pn6aKoBa, IIIO JiiTorrnc KHII311 McTHCJiaBa McTHCJiaBnqa B HoBropo)J,i i B raJinqi BeJia O)J,Ha i Ta "' oco6a, i HeiO Mir 6yTH iloro 11,yxiBHHK TnMoc)>iil.

KpiM Toro, BqeHHH )J,OBO)J,HTh, IIIO B o6ox

TBOpax 3aCTOCOBaHHH O)J,HH i TOll Me XY)J,OMHiH 3aci6 i O)J,HaKOBO IIpOCTeMY€ThCII raJIHllhKe IIOXO)J,MeHHII B KOMHOMY 3 HHX. IQo "' 11,0

aBTopcTBa TBopy ,CJioBo o rroJIKY IropeBiM", aBTopaMH

IIKOrO )J,eiiKi )J,OCJii)J,HHKH E.

aJie,

HailiMoBipHirne,

JiiTepaTypHHH iforo

BBaMaiOTh

Pn6aKoB CTBep)J,My€:

rrpeMy)J,pHM

Bee

qepry,

Hi rrpo

HaBiTh

TnMoc)>iH

IlK rrpo

IIIO

HaMaraBCII HacJii)J,yBaTn".

)J,aB

rrpaBo

cyqacHHKaM

Ha3BaTH

rrpo

aBTopa

TaKoro,

IIKHH

,CJioBa"

BOJIO)J,iB

Tpe6a,

BHCOKHM

B rreprny

IIOeTHqHHM

II p o u;e He cKa3aHo B MO)J,HOMY JiiTorrnci Hi rrpo MnTycy,

ParyiJia ,Uo6pnHnqa,

3aTe

KHHMHHKOM.

BBaMa€Mo,

rOBOpHTH

TaJiaHTOM.

3HaB II i

TaJiaHT

qoTHphOX TOroqacHHX )J,illqiB,

, TnMoc)>iil He Mir 6yTH aBTopoM rroeMn,

rrpo

TnMoc)>ill

JiiTOIIHCi IlK rrpo

Hi rrpo

BHpa3HO

IleTpa EopncJiaBnqa.

CKa3aHO

,rrpeMy)J,poro KHHMHHKa" -

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOMY T06TO TaKoro,

IIKHH 6yB

,rrpeMy)J,pnil" no IIHChMeHCTBY, IlK rroeT, rry6Jiio;ncT. A rrpn6yB y raJinq 3 KnEBa, MOMJIHBO, TOMY, IIIO HarrncaHe HHM ChKHM

xapaKTepoM,

XOBHOIO oco6o10.

, CJioBo",

MOrJIO BHKJIHKaTH HeB)J,OBOJieHHII

Ta if caM E.

3 if oro cBiT-

aBTOpOM

IlK )J,y-

Pn6aKoB y )J,e!IKHX Mico;Hx BHCOKO

BoJtoiJuMup

152 rri)J,HOCHTh BiH a

iM'H

,raJinqaHHHa"

,crroqaTKy"

HaiiHCaB

119 0

IIOTiM 6JIH3hKO

HOrO

3Be)J,eHHH,

JiiTOIIHCY. JiaCH

HKe

0TMe,

Mir

Bee

TnMolj>in

CJii)J,aX

JIHrJIO MOlKe

poKiB,

IIJ:O

,rrpeMyiJ,pHii

IIOJIKY

CKJia)J,aHHi

rn:o

HOB OrO JiiTOIIHC-

riiiOTe3a,

aBTOpOM

KHHMHHK"

HKa TpHMa-

,CJIOBa

TnMolj>iii.

CKYJibiiTO P-YMIJIEQb AB)l,lll. CJIABETHllll CIIIBAK MllTYCA ,I(pyrHM

BH)J,aTHHM

KYJihTYPH

JIHfihKOro

6yB

)J,iBHnqnn

ABiJ,iil.

rrncy -

TaK

TO)J,i,

ABTop

noro HK

KOJIH

JiiTo-

,yMiJierrh"

rrpaBHJIO,

Ha-

)J,e

)J,Mep eJI

HeBi)J,O-

HapO)J,HBCH TaJia-

HOBHTHH CKYJihiiTOp-pi3b6Hp. )J,OMO

TiJihKH,

TBOpHB JiiTTH

IIJ:O

BiH

cepe)J,HHi

rrepe6yBaB

MOlKHa

rrepiO)J,H. JIHqi, )J,OMO,

IIJ:O

yqacTh noro

Illo

HaM

TBOpHB

BiH

IIO)J,iJIHTH

,,XOllMCLKH~''

Bi)J,OMO. 6paB

3acHyBaHHi

po36y)J,oBi.

rroBi)J,ae

cTo-

CJiyM6i

HOrO TBOp-

YMOBHO

Ha ,,rallHQLKH~''

Bi-

lKHB

XIII

,I(aHHJia raJIHfihKOro, qicTh

ra6y-

BHCOKOKBaJiilj>iKOBaHO-

MaHCTpa.

MO,

)J,iHqeM

,UaHHJia

CKYJihiiTop

Ha3HBaB

3HBaJIH ro

qaciB

Ilpo

BiH

ra-

3aTe

Bi-

aKTHBHY XoJIMa rre

po3-

JiiTOIIHC.

Bn)J,aTHHH IIOJIKOBO)J,errh

)J,epMaBHHH ,I(aHHJIO

)J,inq

raJIHrrh-

caMe

lropeBiM",

raJIHfihKO-BOJIHHChKOrO

3aJIHIIIHTHCH

CTa

rrpnrrycKae,

,CJIOBO

OCHOBY

6JIH3hKO 6yTH

HaBiTh

IIO)J,iH

poKy 6paB yqaCTh

qacTKOBO

HMOBipHOIO

JiiTepaTypi

IropeBiM"

ITO

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

CKyJtMmop-yMiJteU,b

AeiJiu.

XyiJoJ~CHUK

KaHJoc

MuKoJta

IIOJIKY

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR,

153

ToM

KHH po3yMiB: )J,JHI IIOCHJieHHH KHH3iBChKOI BJia)J,H, 3Miu;HeHHH IIOJiiTHqHOI €)J,HOCTi

MoryTHOCTi

raJIHIIhKO- BoJIHHChKOro

KHH3iBCTBa

Bi)J,ciqi

Op)J,HHChKOI HaBaJIH, OC06JIHBO rriCJIH CTpaiiiHHX IIOXO)J,iB naTHH, Heo6Xi)J,HO

yKpirrJIIOBaTH )J,aBni MicTa-rpa)J,H i

JlLBiB, Jio,

YrpoBeHChK,

XoJIM,

6yiJ,yBaTH noBi.

a TaKoM 3aMKH ,UanHJiiB i

Bin 3acnoBye

CTiMoK. ,Uann-

Bi)J,3HaqHBIIIH BHri)J,He reorpalj>iqne po3TarnyBaHHH XoJIMa, BHpirnHB

caMe

TYT

rro6y)J,yBaTH

MoryTHIO

<J>opTeu;IO.

ABTOp

raJIHIIhKO-BOJIHH-

ChKOro JiiTOIIHCY IIHCaB, IIIO ,UaHHJIO, KOJIH ,I3)J,HB 110 IIOJii i )J,iHB JIOBH, TO

rro6aqHB

IIOJieM,

BiH

IIIO

,UaJii

ropi

IIOCTaBHTh

TaKy

Miu;ny

BOHH

)J,eHh

po3rroBi)J,ae,

<J>opTeu;ro, y

)J,eHh.

Bin

rroJie

rrpn6yB

OIIHCaHO B

roMy.

6JieHHX

36yiJ,yBaTH

yTiKaJIH

IrnJIH

( CIO)J,H)

KOBaJii 3aJii3a, i

0)1,

Mi)J,i,

HaiiOBHHJIH BOHH )J,BOpaMH HaB-

ceJia".

raJinqa

u;epKBY

CTOHJIH

O)J,HHM

rrpo)J,OBMHB

III, o6

peMicHHKiB".

BCHKi

caraif)J,aqHHKH,

pi3HHX crreu;iaJihHOCTeH )J,JIH po36y)J,O-

CKYJihiiTOp

CBHToro

crropy)J,a II 6yJia TaKa:

CKJielliHHH,

6araTLox

AB)J,iH.

TyT

BOHH

yMiJihlleM;

BiH )J,JIH

u;epKBH

EaraTo 03)J,06JieHHH u;iei u;epKBH

raJIHIIhKO-BOJIHHChKOMY JiiTOIIHCi lli)J,

(,UanHJio)

HaBKpyrH

ce Micu;e?"

PoMaHoBnq

inrnnil ropo)J,".

MaHCTpH

Jiloana CTBOpHB crrpaBMHi rne)J,eBpH.

KOM

OToqene

yrro)J,o6aBIIIH Micu;e Te, Ha)J,yMaB

3arrpocHB

IOHaKH,

IIhOMY IIOTOIIi peMiCHHKiB XoJIMa

Micu;e,

,JIK iMeHy€ThCH

HK ,UanHJIO

HaCTaJIO IIOMBaBJieHHH,

KOJIO ropo)J,a,

JiiCHCTe

,crropy)J,HB Bin i

Ci)J,eJihHHKH, JiyqHHKH i

cpi6Jia.

Ha HhOMY HeBeJIHKHH ropo)J,".

JiiTorrnceu;h

6y)J,iBHHIITBO XoJIMa,

TaTap,

rapHe

,XoJIM HOMY iM'H e". I

BOHH CKa3aJIH: BiH,

CIIHTaB TaMTeiiiHiX MHTeJiiB:

Jiloana

1259

p.:

(3JiaToycToro),

,3BiB TaKpacny

CKJierriHh qoTHpn; 3 KOMHoro ByrJia

qoTHphOX rOJIOBaX

TpO€

BiKOH

JIIO)J,ChKHX,

llpHKparneHi

BHpi3b-

CTeKJiaMH

pHM-

ChKHMH, llpH BXO)J,i B aJITap CTOHJIH )J,Ba CTOBIIH 3 IIiJioro KaMeHH, i Ha HHX -

CKJielliHHH;

Bepx Me Bropi llpHKparneHHH

BHyTpirnHiH IIOMiCT II 6yB BHJIHTHH 3 Mi)J,i i 6JIHmaB Bin, HK )1,3epKaJio. TeCaHHM O)J,HHM -

raJIHIIhKHM

(na

qncToro 30JIOTa, TaK IIIO

,UBepeii Me II )J,Boe rrpHKparneni KaMeHeM

6iJIHM

3eJieHHM,

yMiJihlleM AB)J,i€M ropopi3b6H

crropy)J,H

30pHMH Ha Jia3ypi;

6yJIH)

3axi)J,HHX )J,Bepnx)

6yB

XOJIMChKHM, BCHKHX

6apB

3po6JieHHH

pi3b6JieHi i

30JIOTi

Crrac,

rriBniqHHX CBHTHH JiloaH (3JiaTOYCTHH), TaK IIIO BCi, XTO )J,HBHBCH HHX), )J,HByBaJIHCH. TaKoM

iKOHH,

IlpHKpaCHB ,UaHHJIO KaMiHHHM )J,OpOrHM i

HKi Bin

rrpnnic

KneBa".

na (Ha

30JIOTHM

154

BoJtoiJuMup

0TlKe,

JiiTOIIHCellh

IITypHo-pi3b6HpChKY HaBqHBCH yqnTeJiiB,

AB)J,iil

HKi

CTapOBHHHOro raJinqa,

3aCBi)J,qHB

Hea6HHKe

MailcTepHiCTh

AB)J,iH

MailcTepHocTi

IIi)J,HHJIH

raJinqa

XoJIMa,

pa-Ha- KJIH3hMi.

KOTpHH

KpiM

CIIOpy)J,MyBaB

MicT Ha ,UJIH

HKHH

TaK,

qepHiroBa,

JiiTorrncu;i 6yiJ,yBaB

IIIO

6paB

yqacTh

MHCTeiiTBO

6y)J,iBeJih

apxiTeKTypi 6araTO

raJinqa

BaiiHHKY,

HHX

AB)J,iil.

IIIHpOKO

6araTi

HKY 3

xapaKTepHOIO

6JIHCKyqe

6iJioro

pi3h6JieHHH,

3B'H3KY 3 qnM B pi

iMeHa

6y)J,iBHHIITBi

6yJia

OIIaHyBaJIH

KaMeHIO

KaM'HHa

raJIHIIhKi

6y)J,yBaJIHCh

KJia)J,Ka

MaHCTpH,

CTiHH,

CKJieiiiHHH

apxiTeKTy-

pi3L6JieHi rropTa-

3acTocoByBaB

caMe

Te,

AB)J,iil

XoJIMi. li)KaBO' IIIO B raJIH6y)J,iBJii

IIpHKpaiiiaiOTh

Micu;eBHM 6iJIHM KaMeHeM. 3a cJioBaMH JiiTorrncu;n, y XoJIMi lK AB)J,iH BHKOpHCTaB 3eJieHHH -

XOJIMChKHH KaMiHh

6iJIHH

raJIHIIhKHH.

HaBe)J,eHi lj>aKTH cBi)J,qaTh

€)J,HiCTh

)J,aBHhOpyChKO-

MHCTeiiTBa. TpeTiM )J,inqeM

raJIHIIhKOI

KYJihTYPH Pyci cepe)J,HHH CTOJiiTTH BaB

JiiTOIIHCellh

, cJiaBeTHoro

MnTycy.

IBaH,

6araTLox

3aCTOCOByBaJIH-

6JieHi KarriTeJii

rrpo

TaKHX

IloJIOIIhKy,

JIH, o6JIHMyBaHHH BiKOH, pi3b-

BoJIO)J,HMH-

HoBropo)J,i,

MOHaCTHp

crropy)J,

crriJihHOro

Cy3)J,aJIH,

cBolx

BoJIHHi.

KOHCTPYKIIiH,

IIIO

CKYJih-

opHaMeHTY

Ha3HBaiOTh

co6op

€Bij>pOCHHiBChKHH

OJieKca,

apxiTeKTypH

Micu;eBoro cepe)],

KneBa,

AB)J,iH,

IleTpo,

,MyM xnTpnii"

piBeHh

BoJIO)J,HMHpa rrpocTelKy€ThCH

iHIIIHMH xpaMaMH Pyci -

MailcTpiB,

CT.

BeJIHKY

XoJIMi.

pi3aHoro

BHCOKHH

Xlii-XHI

BMiHHH

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

Ha3H-

cniBaKa"

)J,MepeJI Bi)J,oMo,

CJtaeemHuCi XyiJoJ~CHUK

cnieaK MuKoJta

Mumyca. Kamoc

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

155

rn:o Bin .lKHB y rreprniil rroJIOBHHi XIII cToJiiTTH crroqaTKY B raJinqi, rroTiM y

II epeMHIIIJii.

Ha Pyci 3)J,aBna 6yJIH rrpo<J>eciilni BHKOHaBIJj napo)J,nol rricni, HKi y peqnTaTHBHO-)J,eKJiaMalliHHiH lj>opMi BHKOHyBaJIH repolqno-erriqni TBOpH. Hai16iJihiii THIIOBHM CTapo)J,aBHiM rricHeTBOp£1eM MO.lKHa BBa.lKaTH bOHHa. Bin

.lKHB

rrpn

)J,Bopi

IIOJIKY IropeBiM" ,coJioBieM

CBHTOCJiaBa

3ra)J,y€

cTaporo

.HpocJiaBnqa.

HOrO HK CIIiBIIH

BpeMenn",

,BHYKOM

TBOPlli co6i

rycJIHX

Tpy6a)J,ypn ,Uo

rrepe)J,

KHH3HMH

,opranni

6yJIH Bi)J,OMi i

TaKnx

crriBaKiB

rJiacn

HOrO

UJ:O

rn:o

aKOMIIaHyroqn

TaKi

rricneTBOPlli-

B 3aXi)J,HO€BpOIIeHChKHX MiCTaX.

naJie.lKaB

Bi)J,6yBaJIHCH

cBi)J,qHTh,

CBHTOCJiaBa rricne-

rOCTHMH,

crriBaroqn".

rrpnKaprraTChKHH

raJIHllhKO- BoJIHHChKOro JiiTorrncy 3ra)J,ye MH,

U:e

Ha3HBa€

,.IKHTii <l>eO)J,OCiH IIeqep-

HK y rraJialli KHIBChKoro KHH3H

BHCTyiiaJIH

,CJioBa

KHH3iB",

BeJieca".

TaKi BHKOHaBlli, TBOplli 3)J,aBHa icHyBaJIH. Y ChKOro" 3ra)J,ano,

ABTop

,cTapHX

TOll

qac.

~:~e

iM' H

MnTyca.

3B. H3KY 3 IIO)J,iH-

IIepeMHIIIJii

rrpOTH

,UaHHJia

ABTop

icHyBaJia

BeJIHKa

mo6

6oHpChKO-€IIHCKOIIChKa

OII03HlliH

PoMaHOBnqa.

IIpHiJ,YIIIHTH II, CIO)J,H B

1241 p01:1i 6yJIH Ha)J,iCJiaHi BCi KHH3i Ha qoJii

3 rrpH)J,BOpHHM AniJ,pieM.

Bonn il 3aHHHJIH II epeMHIIIJih". A

cJiaBeTHO-

IIHIII e

KOJIHCh

crriBaKa

MnTycy,

)J,aJii

JiiTOIIHCellh,

HKHH

rop)J,OCTi He CXOTiB CJIY.lKHTH KHH3eBi ,UaHHJIOBi, p03IIIaprranoro, B'H3HH

IIpHBe3JIH"

3aJIHIIIaTHCH

3Bi)J,CH

BHIIJIHBae,

IIpH )J,BOpi KHH3H

UJ:O

rop)J,HH

CIIiBellh

HKO

6a.lKaB

TOMY HOrO 6yJIO IIOKapaHO.

IcTopnqna rrocTaTh crriBaKa MnTycn 3)J,aBna lliKaBHJia )J,OCJii)J,HHKiB. ToMy

ne )J,HBHo,

HHH lj>aKT. ,UeXTO

rn:o

icTopnKH

rro-pi3noMy

HayKoBa )J,HCKycin rrpo

3 )J,OCJii)J,HHKiB

BBa.lKaB

TJiyMaqnJIH

~:~en

MnTycy rroqaJiacn rn:e

HOrO

flepKOBHHM

JiiTorrnc-

B XIX cT.

CIIiBaKOM.

3oKpeMa,

M. 0. MaKCHMOBnq y ,3aMeTKe o cJiaByTHOM rreBlle MnTyce" rrncaB y

1876 p.: ,3ra)J,annil MnTyc 6yB 3HaMeHHTHH y cBiil qac

crriBaK,

rn:o

rro6a.lKaB Inrni KOBHHM

naJie.lKaB )J,O

paHiiiie

icTopnKH qn

rriBqnx rrepeMHIIIJihChKoro

BCTYIIHTH )1,0 ne

IIiBqnx ,UaHHJia

rroro)J,.lKyBaJincn,

CBiTChKHM

CIIiBaKOM.

raJIHllhKHH He CTaB 6n )J,06HBaTHCH, )J,O Hhoro. IIOeTOM,

Ma6yTL,

MO.lKe

cKopirne

rn:o

~:~epKOBHHH

BJia)J,HKH,

aJie

MnTyca 6yB TiJihKH

TaKOMY

raJIHllhKOro".

pa3i

KHH3h

~:~ep

,UaHHJIO

UJ:06 TOll rrepeHIIIOB Ha CJiy.lK6y

MnTyca 6yB TaJiaHOBHTHM rrpH)J,BOpHHM

3 i1,py.lKHHHHKiB,

HKHX KHH3i

OC06JIHBO

lliHyBaJIH

rrparHyJIH 6y)J,h-UJ:O MaTH IIpH CBO€MY )J,BOpi, UJ:06 Ti IIpOCJiaBJIHJIH IX.

156

BoJtoiJuMup

rrpaiJ,i

rrpo

,UarruJia

raJIUII,hKOro

.

KoT JIHP

,HaiiiMoBiprrirne, MuTyca 6yB rrpu)J,BoprruM rroeToM. KorryBaB

BJiacrri

Biprni

pequTaTHBOM

rri)J,

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

3a3rraquB:

IleBrro, Birr BH-

aKoMrrarreMeHT

ap<J>u

a6o

JIIOTHi". KoJiopuTrra KHX

<J>irypa

JiiTepaTyprrux

,CJioBa o KiJILKa

rroJIKY

MuTycu

rraM'HTOK. IropeBiM"

3aiJ,iKaBuJia )J,OCJii)J,HHKiB

)J,aBHhopycL-

HK Bi)J,oMo, 3 rrpuBo)J,y iMerri aBTopa

Bqerri,

TaKoM rrucLMeHHHKH

BucyBaJiu

rirroTe3.

HarrpuKJia)J,,

rrucLMeHHHK

IOroB

rraMaraBcH

OTOTOMHHTH

aBTopa

,CJioBa" 3i cJiaBeTHHM crriBIJ,eM MuTycoro. A me parrirne rrpo 11,e roBopuB H. B. Bo)J,OJia30B. rirroTe3y 0. IOroBa rri)J,TpUMaB H. B. Cu)J,OpOB. U:e

E. 0. Pu6aKoB, )J,OBiBrnu, mo MuTyca 6yB me

TBep)J,MeHHH crrpocTyBaB

rra)J,TO MOJIO)J,HM, KOJIH rrucaJIOCh , CJioBo". Bi)J,TO)J,i, KOJIH MHJIH i TuMolj>iu,

AB)J,iii i

TBopuJiu BH)J,aTrri )J,inqi raJIHIJ,hKOI KYJILTypu

MuTyca MHHyJio nona)], 700 poKiB.

Y rrJiurri qacy

rre )J,iiirnJiu )J,O rrac IX JiiTepaTyprro-MucTeiJ,LKi TBopu. TiJihKH JiiTorrucrri

cTucJii

3ra)J,KH

rrpo

rrpeMy)J,poro

KHHMHHKa,

yMiJioro

MaiicTpa,

CJiaBeTHOrO CIIiBaKa CBi)J,qaTh rrpo IX BHCOKe MHCTeiJ,TBO. Ili)J,HHTa rrpo6JieMa B icTopuqrroMy rrJiarri )J,aJia 3Mory xy)J,OlKHHKaM Bi)J,TBOpUTU B lKHBOIIHCi KYJILTypu XIII 0)J,HUM

rpalj>i11,i Il,HX icTopuqrrux )J,iHqiB

raJIUII,hKOI

3p06UB

lKHBOIIHCi

cToJiiTTH.

rrepiiiHX,

XTO

crrpo6y Bi)J,o6pa3UTU

icTopuqrri rropTpeTu )J,aJieKoro MHHyJioro, KiBChKHii XY)J,OlKHHK,

cTaB Bi)J,oMuii iBarro-<J>parr-

HeBTOMHUU 36upaq IJ,iHHHX IIaM'HTOK CTapo)J,aB-

HhOrO raJiuqa MuxaiiJIO IlaBJIOBUq <l>irOJih. Birr 3aco6aMU lKHBOIIHCY CTBOpUB IJ,iKaBUU 3a CB0€10 KOMII03HIJ,i€10 lKHBOIIUCHUU ChKOro

TpUIITHX

KHH3iBCTBa

JiiTOIIUCHUX )J,inqiB

XIII

cT.

rrepio)J,y

rrpeMy)J,poro

raJIUII,hKO- BoJIUH-

KHHMHHKa

TuMolj>in,

cKy JihiiTopa-yMiJihiJ,H ABiJ,iH, cJiaBeTrroro crriBaKa MuTycy. TpurrTux 3 ycrrixoM

eKcrrorryBaBcH B

IBarro-<l>parrKiBChKY y

60-piqqn 3 )J,HH HapO)J,lKeHHH i

1988 po11,i 3 rraro)J,u

35-piqqn TBopqoi )J,iHJihHOCTi TaJiaHO-

BHTOrO IIpUKaprraTChKOrO XY)J,OlKHUKa i

MHCTeiJ,TB03HaBIJ,H.

,I(pyruM, He MeHIII TaJiaHOBUTUM XY)J,OlKHHKOM 3 IJ,i€I rrpo6JieMaTUKH,

cTaB irrrnuu Bi)J,oMuii

CHJihOBuq

iBarro-<J>parrKiBChKHii MHTeiJ,h

MuKoJia

Ba-

Karrroc.

CTBOpeHi HUM B TeXHiiJ,i Tyiiii i rrepa iJIIOCTpaiJ,ii BH3Haqrrux )J,iHqiB

KYJihTypu

MoryTHi o6pa3U

raJIUII,hKO-BOJIHHChKOrO KHH3iBCTBa.

JiiTorrnceu;h 3JiaMHOI BOJii qacy.

BpaMeHHH Horo,

TnMolj>iil i

iJ,YXOBHHX

XyiJ,OlKHHK

qoJIOBiKa

lj>iKcau;ii

TypHHX

HKY

eJieMeHTiB), i

aemopa

TnMolj>in 3YIIHHKa

6aqeHe

)J,OCJii)J,HHK

BTiJiroe repOH

lj>aKTy.

IIOrJIH)J,i

lj>i3HqHHX

oqeil

JIIO)J,HHa iCTOpHK

JiiTHLoro

KpeMe3Horo

cepe)],

lj>opMaTy

rro)J,aqi

<J>irypn

Bi)J,qyBaiOThCH

He-

CBOrO

CTBOpiO€

3o6paMe-

rJIH60Ki

ypiBHO-

CHJI. 3a

XY)J,OlKHHK

)J,aB

rroeT-KHHlKHHK,

KOIIiTKHH

icTopnqHoro

)J,aBHhOCJIOB'HHChKOI

3HaqHMiCTh

Ilpau,i

pyci,

aHaJii3yroqH

aTpH6yTHKH,

lj>iJioco<J>, CHJI,

o6pa3i

rOJIOBH,

iJ,YXOBHHX

rJIH)J,aq,

MOTHBiB

CKJia)J,HOMY

paKypci

BalKeHHH

HOI

Fpa 6oeeu, bKU i1

BoJtoiJuMup

158

)J,OIIOMOrOIO

BBO)J,HTh

Milj>oJiorii,

Bi)J,qyTH

qac,

CHMBOJiiKo-acou;iaTHB-

CBiH

TBip

(BHKOpHCTaHHH

eTHOrpalj>iqHHX HKHH

Bi)J,6yBa€ThCH

apxiTeKrro)J,iH, I I

He06Xi)J,HiCTh.

icmopif

Fa!lUU,bKo-BoJtUHCbKOco

KH5l3iecmea

XII-XIII

em.

ImocmpoeaHa Y

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

159

ToM

HaCTYIIHOMY JIHCTi, u;eHTpaJihHiH HOrO qacTHHi,

yMy)J,peHoro cnJI

ceu;L,

.lKHTT€BHM

eHepril Haqe

)J,OCBi)J,OM

,xnTpeu;h"

MaHCTpa-CTapu;H.

AB)J,iil

Eor-TBopeu;L,

XY)J,O.lKHHK 306pa3HB

3o)J,qnn,

rop)J,OBHTo,

IloBHHH

cKy JihiiTop

ri)J,HicTIO

XY)J,O.lKHHKOM

JIHJIH

HOMY

MaHCTpa TpeTiil

CTBOpHTH

JIHCT

cJiaBH

3iBChKOI

MH,

peaJihHHH

3aKJIIOqHa

o6pa3

)J,aHOMY

BHIIa)J,Ky

aTpn6yTHKH, BH)J,aTHOrO

6Jia3eHh

Mail-

O)J,Hry

ra-

)1,03BO-

cepe)J,HhOBiqHoro

KHH3iBCTBa.

qacTHHa

3axi)J,HO€BporreilchKHX

TpnrrTnxa

crriBellh

MnTyca.

Tpy6a)J,ypiB,

)J,HIIJIOMaT,

MY.lKHiil

HeiiOKOpeHHH

BOIH

6opeu;h

B03HiCCH -

paTail,

IIpOTH

KHH-

THpaHil. )J,aJii

3HaqHiiiiHMH

THKH,

apxiTeKTypn, MHCTellhKOI

rJin6oKe 3HaHHH

CIIiBellh Ha KpHJiaX CBO€l IIOeTHqHOI o6pa3HOCTi

XHTpOOKHH

qHM

IIIKOJIH,

raJIHIIhKO- B OJIHHChKOro

U:epKOBHHH )J,O

cepe)J,HhOBiqHOI

6y)J,iBeJihHOI

iKoHorrn-

crrorJIH)J,aB

6yTH€ HerrepeBepiiieHOI CJiaBH )J,aBHhOpyChKHX MaHCTpiB.

JIHIIhKOI

TBopqnx

Bi)J,XO)J,HMO CTaiOTh

IIHCeMHOCTi

Bi)J,

MHHYBIIIHHH,

JiereH)J,apHi

icTopil,

repOI

TaK

THM

MOHyMeHTaJihHiiiiH-

)J,aBHhOCJIOB'HHChKOI

IIOe-

MHCTeiiTBi.

BA/KKI BlliiPOEYBAHH51 r AJIIIQhKOI 3EMJII B XIV cT. "ut.y~h

( ':tJ

3--5

143

3eMJIH,

1387

rro

IlOJihllleiO)

JIHKaHOI JII06He

piK

yKpaiHChKe

)J,HHacTiil

CIIpo6aMH

3eMJii"

14 4 9)

KOJIHCh

MoryTHhOro

Tpn

.lKaJIL,

BHBqeHHH. MnxaHJIO

pou;i

1340

Bi)J,

3eMeJih

poKy

IIIJIHXeTChKOIO

IIi)J,KOpHTH

IIi

,UMHTpa

co6i

BOJie-

3eMJii

Hiqoro

CBOIH

cJiaBHOI

cMepTIO

1445

y -

u;eil

(3a

6araTOTOMHiH

iHIIIHMH

u;eHTpaJihHi

Hai16iJihiiii ,lcTopil

y)J,iJIH

IIOBeJIH

YropmnHa,

rriBBiKOBHH

CKa3aJIH

BiTKH

,rrpoBi3opa

KHH3iBCTBa

IloJILma,

icTopiorpalj>il

MaH.lKe

rpyrneBChKHH

mHTax

,Ue)J,bKa

IIpHKaprraTChKi

)J,ep.lKaBH

AJie

raJIHIIhKO- BoJIHHChKOro

yKpaiHChKiil

Ilpo HhOrO

paHirne

PoMaHoBnqiB.

<J>eo)J,aJILHi B

3aBOHOBHHKa

JiaMaJIHCh i

6oHpHHa

)J,aHHMH

6opoTL6y

YKpaiHa,

HaCeJieHHH.

3aBoiloBHHKiB

PocTHCJiaBnqiB

PycLKOI

raJIHIIhKa

rroBHOI oKyrrau;il u;nx

CTaJia TepHTOpi€10 IIOJiiTHqHOI HeCTa6iJihHOCTi, BHK-

IIIaJieHHMH

ArreTHTH

TOqHirne

(qac

JlnTBa.

rrepio)J,

iCTOpHKH YKpaiHH-

BoJtoiJuMup

160 Pycn",

IBaH

MnKoJia

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

Kpnrr'HKeBnq,

KocToMapoB.

IIOHCHIO€ThCH

U:e

6paKOM )J,lKe-

peJI, aJie MH crrpo6yeMo xoq qacTKOBO Bi)J,TBOpHTH

Bm-

KpHTH CTOpiHKH icTopii llhOro

rrepio)J,y. U:e

6yJIH

CKJia)J,Hi

qacn.

Ha 3eMJii raJIHllhKOI YKpaiHH, )J,e KOHCOJii)J,yBaJiaCh YKpaiHChKa HapO)J,Ha TBopqicTh, nacTyrraJIH rroJihChKoro Mnpa

IIOJIKH

KopoJIH

Ka3H-

(1340, 1349, 1352 pp.),

aJie )J,apeMHO, o;i HaCKOKH 3aKinqyBaJIHCh rrpocToro

rropa3KOIO

Bi)J,

JIIO)J,Y.

To)J,i nacTyrrnJia 3MOBa MilK rrpaBHTeJIHMH

IloJILrrd

Yropmnnn

rro)J,iJI

BIIJIHBY

rrpo

Ha o;i

c<J>ep

IQ e

3eMJii.

135 0 pou;i Ka3HMHp rri)J,IIHeye COI03 poJieM HKOrO

raJIHllhKa

raJinq,

HHB iforo

5lKUCi

3 yropChKHM KO-

JliO)J,OBiKOM,

3eMJIH

Kopo!lb

mpulfi

Fa!lUlfUHY

3ri)J,HO

JIHIIIa€ThCH 3a HHM. Y JlhBiB i

IloJtbCbKUCi

III

Ka3uMup

po6ue

1340,

Fpae10pa

cnpo6u

BeJtuKuCi,

3axonumu

1349, 1352 pp. XVI em.

3a-

1352 poo;i JIHTOBChKHH KHH3h Jlro6apT 3aXOIIHB

aJie Ka3HMHp 3a )J,OIIOMOrOIO cyci)J,Hix )J,epMaB BHTic-

3 IIHX KpaiB.

TiJihKH IIiCJIH CMepTi IIOJihChKOrO KOpOJIH Ka3HMHpa y raJIHllhKa YKpalna 3ri)J,HO 3 yro)J,OIO ChKe rranyBaHHH.

13 7 0 poo;i

13 50 poKy rrepeHIIIJia rri)J, yrop-

KopoJih Jlro)J,oBiBHK, HKHH o)J,noqacno cTaB rrpaBH-

TeJieM IlOJihllli, 3arparoqn 3 IIOJihChKOIO IIIJIHXTOIO, rrepe)J,aB raJinqnny cBoeMy po)J,nqeBi BoJIO)J,HCJiaBy OrroJihChKOMy. OcTanniil BBaMaB ce6e BacaJioM yropcLKoro KopoJIH, aJie THTyJiyBaB ce6e "rocrro)J,apeM PychKol

3eMJii,

MOHeTy

BiqnnM rrpaBHB

HalKHBaTHCH

6yJIO

)J,i)J,nqeM

caMo)J,epMaBo;eM",

raJIHllhKOIO 3 qoro i

3eMJieiO

qnM.

1372

Kap6yBaB no

1386

BJiacny piK.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

161

ToM

raJIHllhKa JIOBOM Ka

JiicncToi

BoJIHHi,

MOJIOKOM

llpnpo)J,-

lla TTH

)J,iftcHo,

YMOBH

llpnpo)J,Hi Ha

copiB.

)J,JIH

ciJIL,

qoMy

HHM,

Fpae10pa

KOJIH

BJia)J,y HHKa

11pn6yJIH ChKi

BO€BO)J,H

EaHa

TeJIHMH

)J,H

llpHKapllaTChKHX ITo

CTapOCTH.

OKYIIOBaHoro

3)J,iftcHIOBaJIH

MicTax

raJIHq

KpaiO,

iHrnnx

13 7 2

iHo3eMHHX

JlLBOBnqa.

11epeftrnJia

lli)J,

qepe3

cBoro

CBOIO

Hau;ioHaJILHY

Kpanx.

110

Po-

~aHH

JleBa

IOpin

3eMJii

BOJIOCTHX

HKOMY

IIIHTH KHH3iB

138 7

piK

IIpnKapllaTTH

po3iftrnJIHCH

yropChKHft

qnHOBHHKiB

cTaBJie-

CTaB

rOJIOBHHM

BO€BO)J,a 11paBHB

yrop-

IleTpO

BCeBJia)J,HO

CTOJIHlli.

~aBHi

JiaMaJIH

McTHCJiaBnqa,

raJIHllhKOI

oBo-

BoJIO)J,HMnpa,

raJIHllhKOro,

TO I I llpaBHTeJii

OIIOJihChKoro

BiftcLKa.

3a )J,OIIOMororo

u;ift

npn

clla)J,mHHa

c11po6n

OcMOMHCJia,

HHJIOBHqa,

KopoJiiBCTBa,

IIOJiiTHKY

yropcLKi

u;eHTpOM

6araTa

BoJIO)J,HCJiaBa

eKoHoMiqHy

Jia

XVI em.

BeJIHKa

yropcLKoro

MaHa

(1350 p.).

IIO-

cToJiiTTH,

aJie

BoJio)J,apn,

3eM!li

arpe-

BOHH,

raJIHllhKHX

.HpocJiaBa

JiaCHM

llepeMO.lKHi

Bi)J,OMHX

6a-

IIpnKap-

XII

11oqaJIH po6nTH JIO)J,iTH

)J,apn

cyci)J,HiX

Och

qnHaroqn

3y6n

Me)J,OM

3 aJIHIII aJIO Ch

KYCKOM

Fa!lUU,bKOf

6o6yJia

KpaiHOIO

30KpeMa,

npaeume!lb

110-

TeKyqa".

raTe

J110iJoeiK

Ma3oB-

IloJiiCCH

HO-eKoHoMiqHi

Kopo!lb

BHC-

iCTOpH-

11icKaMH

JIOTHCToro

YcopcbKUCi

qOJIOBChKOrO

piBHHHHi rna,

3eMJIH

IIOJihChKOrO

KHH3iBChKi CBOIM

cJiyXHHHHM

JII06HJIH

BHTiCHHB

3eMeJihHi

IIOJihChKHM

HaMicHHKa 3

BOJIO)J,iHHH

Ma€TKiB,

p03)J,aBaJIHCh

<J>eo)J,aJiaM.

BoJIO)J,HCJiaBa HaTOMiCTh

HOBHMH

IIpnKapllaTChKi

OIIOJihChKoro,

3aiiOBHHB

llpaBH-

MiChKi

HKHft

6o-

IIOBCIO-

ypH)J,H

IIOJih-

162

BoJtoiJuMup

ene-

ChKO-KaTORH~hKHM

MeHTOM. i3

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

3anorH BiHChK

Cine3il 6ynn

po3Mi-

rn:eni ITO OCHOBHHX MiCTaX IIpnKaprraTTH nnqi,

KonoMnl,

TncMenn~i

ni,

ranH~hKHH

yropchKOI

ra-

CnHTHTa in.

HaMiCHHK

Koponn

no~ncnaB

Bo-

OrronhChKHH

opi€HTyBaBCH

~eHKY

qacTHHY cepe~nix 6onp, a

na~inHB

TOMY

Ma-

€TKOM na IIpnKaprraTTi. TaK,

rpy~HH

poKy

Mic~eBOMY Xo~KY

1373

rri~TBep~HB

BiH

JioiloBnqy

BoJtoiJucJtaB

KH5l3b

6oHpHHY

ynpaeume!lb

rrpa-

rrep

CTapHH

ranH~hKOMY

rBi3~e~b)'

~en

6oHpHHOBi

rpaMOTY

MnKHTHH~i

(Bepxniil Bep6i.lK),

em.

rrpaBHTenh

Ha i

1372-1378.

XIV

IlelfamKa

BO Ha ceno rBi3~e~h (Te-

OnoJtbCbKUCi

Fa!lUlfUHU

cena

6inn

iHIIIOMY

na~aB

KonoMHI

Bep6i.lK

CTpinLne.

3noB y 1385 po~i HKHHCh ,UMHTpo i3 cena CKoMopoxiB (3 1612 p. CTapi

CKOMOpOXH)

rroceneHHH po3~ano

ChKHH

IIOTBep~HB

CBi~qenHHM cepe~HiM

Toqniiiie,

CnHTHHChKOMY ~i

Bci

3eMni

IIO~TY

LK.eni6op~i,

BoilnnniB,

6araTo.

rraTTi, 17,

ranH~hKOrO

PaKoBe~h.

~horo

6onpaM

31, -

rpaMOTH Ha

3eMenh

Bono~ncnaB

6onpaM

IIOBiTi

Tepe6oBnHHChKOMY

na~aBanncn

TaKHX

e Te, rn:o

ranH~hKHM

ranH~hKOMY

CTaB BORO~apeM

cin

llpHKap-

KonOMHHChKOMY 5.

rrpaBax

rroMicnoMy

MeHIIIoMy, To6To 3a cny.lK6y il yqacTh y BiilchKOBHX rroxo~ax. <J>ecop

illapaneBnq rrpHMO

pycLKi

rroci~ann

0cTp03hKHM

MicTa

Ha Bonnni,

CTBep~.lKye,

cena a

rn:o 6onpn,

rrpaBi

Eor~aH

6yno

Orronh-

nennoMy

PoraTHHChKHH

To6To

rro~i6no

a6o IIpo-

,nann KHH3HM

ranH~hKiH

Pyci".

OcTanniil B 70-x poKax BH~inHBCH cepe~ rann~hKHX 6onp HK

CBOIM

Ma€TKOBHM

rrocTaTh

Eor~ana

CTaHOM,

TaK

IIORiTHqHHM

BIIRHBOM.

lcTopnqna

PoraTHHChKoro Mail.lKe ne BHBqena B icTopiorpa-

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

163

ToM

<J>il.

Biu

BUcTyllaB

11poTu

IIOJihChKO-IIIJHIXeTChKOI arpecii

opi€HTyBaBCH

110-

BepHeHHH He3aJie.lKHOCTi raJIUII,hKiH

3eMJii.

3po3yMiJio, rn:o ,11,pyra rpylla

BeJIUKUX

6oHp

llpUKapllaTChKUX

JII06UJia

IIOJiiTHKU

B OJIO,li,HCJiaBa OIIOJihChKoro, HKUH,

CJIOBaMU

llpolj>e-

copa illapaHeBuqa, ,po3IIIHpHB

MiChKi

CUB

llpHBiJiei,

TOpriBJIIO,

3axurn:aB

11pocToro

ceJIHHUHa

rpa6e.lKeM

6onp

po3,ll,aBaB

11epe,11,

BeJihMO.lK

yro,li,HHM

lloceJieHHH,

o6JiacTi,

llpOCTOpU,

HKi

qacTUHY

lli,li,HO-

co6i JiaHu

CTaHOBUJIU

KHH3iBChKUX

Ma€T-

KiB". 3Bi,li,CU 3p03yMiJio, qoMy BeJiuKi

IlOflbCbKUU

KOpO!lb

Ipae10pa

5fcaUJIO.

Bouu Miqui,

11icJIH

IIOJIHKaMU,

HaBiTh

110 MO.lKJIUBOCTi

3MOBa,

.lKeHHqKOIO

pa3

6on-

iiiiJIU

paxyHOK

JIUTOBChKUMU BeJIUKOrO

IIOJihChKOI llpUHJJ,eCU

IIOJihChKUX BeJihMO.lK,

poKy,

OKyllaJJ,ii

llaHaMU.

(pOCTOM

3MOB-

TaTapaMU.

CM)

TaKa Haro,ll,a BUIIaJia

KOJIH cTaJiacn

yKpaiHChKUX

KHH3H

135

llpHBiJiel.

1385

JIUTOBChKOrO

cBoro uapo,11,y i

rn:o6 TiJihKH 36eperTu cBol eKoHo-

IIOJiiTuqui

rope3Bicuol KpeBChKOI yuil

lj>aKTUqHo

TUKa

JIUTOBII,HMU

qeKaJiu 6y,ll,h-HKOI uaro,11,u,

IIOJihChKUMU

B.lKe

XVI em. 3pa,11,y

JIHJIHCH

llpuKapllaTChKi

HKUU

JJ,i€10

JlrauJia Jl,li,Biru

HKi ,li,OMOBUJIUCH

.lK

yro,11,a,

3eMeJih

Mi.lK

CMiXOTBOpHOIO

(p OCTOM

KpUJiaCh

215

XUTpa

JIUTOBII,HMU

CM)

IIOJii-

aHeKCiiO

3axi,li,HOI YKpaluu. IIicJIH JlUTBU

JJ,i€1

yuil

HapeiiiTi

rn:e

,li,Ba

BOCeHU

poKu

1387

IIOJihChKO-IIIJIHXeTChKi BiHChKa, paJIU

BJia,ll,y

CBOI

pyKU.

TopryBaJiucn poKy

BOHU

3aiiOBHUJIU

HUMU

llpaBuTeJii

IJpuKapllaTTH MiCTa i

IIOCTYIIOBO

IloJILID:i

BCTYIIHJIU

CeJia i

11pU6-

KOpOJiiBChKUMU

164

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

Bcmyn. noAbCbKo- uuz.R.xemc&Kux 0/cynaNmia HO JlpuKapnammR aoceHu

1387 p. niCAR

aaxon~~eHHR

HLI.MU ra.tiU'lUHU

)J,apqnMH

rpaMoTaMH

CiJie3il.

Bonn

OIIOpHi

rrpn6yBaiOTh

po36y)J,oByiOTh

IIYHKTH MaHMe

!1,pi6ni

cBoi

300-JiiTHhOrO

IIIJHIXTnqi

ca)J,n6n,

Ma30BIIIa

3aMKH

IIaHyBaHHH

cJ>opTeuj

llhOMY

KpaiO.

3aXOIIHBIIIH 3aXi)J,HOyKpaiHChKi TepHTOpii, IIIJIHXeTChKa IlOJihllla BBeJia HOBY HHM

TepHTOpiaJihHO-a)J,MiHiCTpaTHBHY Kpa€M,

CTBOpHJia

3pa3KOM

CHCTeMy KOpOHH

yrrpaBJiiHHH

HOBHH

OKYIIOBa-

arrapaT

Micu;eBOI

a)J,MiHiCTpau;il. KHHMi BOJIOCTi 3aMiHeHO CTapOCTBaMH a6o T. BMe

Kinu;i

XIV cT.

CTapOCTBa- raJIHllhKe ChKe

)J,OKyMeHTax

(1378 p.),

3B. KOpOJiiBIIIHHaMH.

3ra)J,yiOThCH

PoraTHHChKe

IIpnKaprraTTi

(1390 p.),

CHHTHH-

(1396 p.), HKi BXO)J,HJIH B rr'HTh HOBOCTBOpeHHX IIOBiTiB raJIHllb-

KOI 3eMJii 3 u;eHTpOM B CTapOBHHHOMY raJinqi. TOpiiO

KOJIHIIIHhOrO

CJiaBeTHOrO

KHHMOrO

III,o6 IIpH3a6yTH TepH-

CTOJihHOrO

rpa)J,a

raJinqa,

if oro, HK CTOJIHIIIO, )],ern: o 3anerraJiy rricJIH Ea TH€Boro rrorpoMy, rrepeneceno 6JinMqe )J,O ,UnicTpa, )J,e Terrep po3Mirn:ennil pailonnnil u;enTp. Po3rroqaTo

HhOMY

ropi

6y)J,iBHHIITBO

KopoJiiBChKoro

3aMKy.

ImocmpoeaHa CTapa

icmopi5l

BOJIOCHa

IlpuKapnammR. KHH.lKa

CHCTeMa

165

ToM

yrrpaBJiiHHH

3ra)J,yeThCH TncMeHHrrhKa BOJIOCTh 3 TyBaJIHCH

)J,aBHiM

rroqaTKY

pycLKHM

cToJiiTh

KopoJiiBrn:nnaMH

Bi)J,Terrep

<J>eo)J,aJin,

cBol pyKn TaKHM

TaKi na

BOJiocTi

Kinrri

KoJioMnnrn:nni,

XIV

CnnTnnrn:nni,

q epBonoropo)J,rn:nni.

PoraTnnrn:nni,

BeJIHKi

12 oceJIHMH, )J,e ceJIHHH Kopnc-

rrpaBoM.

3ra)J,yiOThCH

llpHKaprraTChKOMY

134 7 p. B )J,.lKepeJiax

Kpal rn:e )J,eHKHH qac 3aJIHIIIaJiach. HarrpHKJia)J,, B

3Bani

BiRTH,

yrrpaBJIHJIH

MarnaTaMn,

pa)J,HHKH,

cTapocTH,

MicTax

KaiiiTeJIHHH

rrpn6npaiOTh

BJia)J,y

cy)J,oBa JiaBa.

qnnoM na IIpnKaprraTTi

)J,Bi BepcTBH rraniBnoro KJiacy.

3 KiHrrH

XIV cToJiiTTH 3iTKHYJIHCH

cBolx MaeTKax, BOJIO)J,iHHHX, BOJioc-

THX 3aJIHIIIaJIHCH rn:e BeJIHKi, cepe)J,Hi, !1,pi6Hi 6oHpH, aJie BOHH IIOCTyIIOBO

rroqaJIH

BTpaqaTH

CBOI

IIOJiiTnqni

rrpaBa.

TiJihKH

O)J,HHHrri

nnx, TaKi HK Eor)J,aH PoraTHHChKHH, ne rroKopHJIHCH HOBHM rrpaBHTeJIHM. Jl:pyra BepCTBa MH

KOpOJiiBChKHMH

OTpHMyBaJIH

Bi)J,

rroMicTH

Jieny.

rre IIOJihChKa IIIJIHXTa yHiBepcaJiaMH

KOpOJIH

CeJia

138 9

rrpaBHJIH MiCTa

porri

ceJiaMH

,UeJii€BHM, IIOBiTi. UJ: 06

U:e

KopnnqeM,

rrepeTHrHyTH

CBiH

6iK

Bi)J,

a6o

BoJIO)J,HCJiaB

KoJIOMHHChKoyy rroBiTi

TnMypoM

KOpOJIH

MicrreBy

BJiaCHOCTi

KopoJih

M HKOJIOIO i3 CorroBa IIIic-

TeMnpiBrrHMH,

)J,apyBaHHH Ha

rrpaBaX

illerrapiBrrHMH B

HacTaiiiHHHM, UJ:e)J,pe

HKi 3a UJ:e)J,pH36araqyBaJIHCh,

rroJihChKHH

.HraiiJio rrpe)J,cTaBHB rrpaBo na BOJIO)J,iHHH ThMa

MarHaTH, Kpa€M

qnHHJIH

6oHpChKY

raJIHfihKOMY

IIOJihChKi

IIaHH,

BepxiBKY.

qacTHHa 6oHp 3HaHIIIJiaCh, BOHa irnopyBaJia CBO€ HarrioHaJibHe IIOXO)J,.lKeHHH,

3peKJiaCH rrpa6aThKiBChKHX Tpa)J,Hrriif,

IIOMaraJia iH03eMHHM

3aH)J,aM

AJie rre JIHIIIe 6araTi,

IIpHrniqyBaTH

OKaTOJIHqHJiaCH i

)1,0-

CBOIX 6paTiB.

qacTnna cepe)J,nix, !1,pi6nnx i naBiTh )J,eHKi 3

BeJIHKHX 6oHp p03)J,iJIHJIH CBOIO )J,OJIIO i3 CBOIMH 6paTaMH. IX iMeHa IBaiiiKO 3 U:YrrHJIOBa, <l>e)J,hKO 3 06eJihHHrri. A Eepe30BChKi,

rpa6oBerrhKi,

KOpOJiiBChKHX

rpaMOT

3aJie.lKHHX rri)J,)J,annx Toro B

OII03Hrrii

6onpnn

IIpOTH

Eor)J,aH

ChKOI KOpOHH.

CBicTeJihHHfihKi

Ma€TKH,

TaKi !1,pi6ni 6onpn, HK Ta

iHIIIi

rrepeTBOpiOBaJIHCH

OTpHMaJIH

IIOCTYIIOBO

qn iniiioro rrana.

HOBHX

rrpaBHTeJiiB

PoraTHHChKHH,

llpolj>ecop I.

HKHH

6yB

naMaraBcH

3ra)J,aHHH Bi)J,iHTH

KOJIHIIIHiH Bi)J,

rroJih-

illapaHeBnq IIHCaB, UJ:O KOpOJih JlraHJIO

)J,JIH YTHXOMHpeHHH HeCIIOKiHHOrO iJ,YXY THX 3eMeJih, HKi, HK MH 6aqn-

BwwiJuMup

16 6

Fpa6oeeU,bTWU

MO, B )J,iHCHiH BiHHi (To6To 01103HIJji IIpOTH IIoJibiJJj), TaHHO i Bi)J,KpHTO 6paJin yqacTh. )J,aHoM

II epe)J,ouciM KopoJih, 6yiJ,yqn He3a)J,oBoJieHHM Eor-

PoraTHHChKHM

6araTO iHIIIHX ciJI,

iloro

Bi)J,Xi)J,,

Bi)J,HHB

HKi BiH TpHMaB JieHHHM

Hhoro

PoraTHH

(cJiyM60BHM)

rrpaBOM.

He3BaMaroqn Ha rroJiiTnqHy HecTa6iJILHiCTh, B IlhOMY rrepio)J,i iiiioB rrpo~:~ec

3aceJieHHH IIpnKaprraTChKoro Kparo.

MOBHX

)J,MepeJiaX

3ra)J,yiOThCH

HaCeJieHi

B XIV cToJiiTTi B rrnch-

IIYHKTH,

HKi

)J,OCi

6yJIH

3ra)J,aHi B JiiTOIIHCaX. 3a )J,aHHMH, HaBe)J,eHHMH B KaH)J,H)J,aTChKiH )J,HCepTallil II. rrepiiinx

Cipe)J,MyKa, rro)J,aHo rrepeJiiK IIHX ciJI i MicT Ta )J,aTn lx

rrnchMOBHX

3ra)J,OK

XIV

cT.

raJIHIIhKOMY

rrouiTi

TaKi

noceJieHnll: KpnJioc (1301), IIi)J,ropo)J,)J,ll (1301), PoraTHH (1340), Yen:

(1349),

3eJieue

(1364),

BaTunqi

Hounrrll

(1364),

MecunKn

(1368),

raHiBIIi ( 137 3)' rHHJihHe, 3arBi3)J,H, Jlnca, Hociu, IIaciqHa (6iJIH CTaHicJiaBa), LKn3HOMip (1374), LKeIIi)J,Bep6iu~:~i,

Jii6opn, KiHaiiiiB,

(1375),

BoJiociu

(1375),

Py)J,a

EepeM-

HHIIH, BoiiHHJiiB, BouqnHellh, BouqK~,

roJiroqa, rpa6oBellh-no6poB-

JIHHH,

nporoMnpqaHH,

JlicHa TapHOBHIIH,

LKypaKH,

Jlnxiu~:~i

(3 1946

IIi)J,rip'n), MoHacTnpqaHn, He3BHChKo, 06eJihHHIIH, OcTpiu, IIepepocJIL, IIeTpnJiiB, IIiiJ,)J,yMe, CTapyHn, CTapi CKoMopoxn, YropHHKH (1378), LKy( 1379), EepeJiorn

pauiurri

( 137 8),

noure 6iJIH KaJiyiiia (1387)' neJii€BO,

HacTaiiinHo,

TyMnp

(1389),

nHTKiB, IIpn6nJiiB, qopHOJii3IIi, U:yIIHJiiB

(1390),

MapKiBIIi

(1392),

naJiiiB, MnxaiiJio, qarpiB (1394), noJIHHa 6iJIH TJiyMaqa (1395), ny6oBHIIH, IIi)J,raHIIi (1397), qepHiiB

( 13 9 9); B KoJIOMHHChKOMY rrouiTi: CTapnil Kociu ( 1318), BocKpeciHui

(1353),

KHTHHrri

Bepxuiu Bep6iM, Mn-

(1365), YToponn (1367),

TyJioBa ( 13 68)' rui3)J,ellh,

CTapnil

Cnieeu,b

EoHH

ocnieye

KH5lJICUX

'facie

c!laey

167

ToM

fB03)J,eiJ,h, IIicTHHh (1373), Kopnnq (1378), CnHTHH,

Corrin, TyJiyKiB, Jlicnnil XJii6n-

(1378), IIIenapiBIJ,i (1385), Il'li)J,HKH

qnn

(1397), ,Il)KypKiB, TonMaqnK (1398). OT.lKe, rrpoTnroM XIV cToJiiTTH 3'HBJIHIOThCH B )J,.lKepeJiax MOBHX

3ra)J,OK rrpo

IJpnKaprraTTi,

aJie

90 rreprnnx rrnch-

HaCeJieHi

IIYHKTH Ha

3'HcyBaTH IIOHBY II,HX

IIOCeJieHh M3H.lKe HeMO.lKJIHBO, BOHH ry6JIHThCH

rJIH6HHi

BiKiB.

Brra,11,ae y niqi B IJ,hOMY rrepio,11,i Te, 111,0 3racae

cJiaBa

rrncnnx

KOJIHIIIHix

MoryTnix

rrpnKaprraTChKHX

rpa,11,iB

JiiTo-

faJinqa,

TncMenniJ,i. Jlnrne na cTaponnnnoMy BoJIOChKOMY IIIJIHxy,

,__. i

'l. fad(ll/'-lfl

MiCTa, riBJii.

Bu3Ha•mui1

yKpaiHCblWU

HKY ua

apxeOJzo< 5IpoCJzae IIacmepHaK, 5/KUU e

1936-1937 pp.

111,0

irnoB

MoJI)J,aBil

qepe3 narn Kpail na JlLBiB, Jie.lKaJio )J,Ba

ei()Kpue

B rreprny U:e

qepry,

TpancrropTyBaJiach YKpalny,

CHHTHHi

HK IJ,eHTpH

KoJIOMHH na)J, IlpyToM,

ryiJ,yJILChKa

niJiopyciiO

JlHTBy,

1382

,po

TOpqepe3

pOKOM

ciJih Ta Ja

~JH()aMeHmu KH5l:JICO?o YcneH-

rrncano,

CbKO<o Co6opy e

111,0 Bin -

,o,11,ne 3 nai16iJihiiiHX

Kpu;wci MicT na Pyci .

1 xoq

IlpnKaprraTChKHH

Kpail

,11,pyriil

rroJioBnni

XIV

cToJiiTTH

333HaBaB BeJIHKHX eKOHOMiqHHX i IIOJiiTHqHHX 3MiH 3 6oKy IIOJihChKOIIIJIHXeTChKHX OKyiiaiJ,iHHHX BJiaCTeH, O)J,HaK B Hapo)J,i 111,e .lKHJIH CHJihHi Tpa)J,HIJ,il

KHH.lKOI )J,06H,

111,0 IIpOHBJIHJIHCH

lj>OJihKJIOpi,

rro6yTi,

Ha-

pO)J,HHX Tpa)J,HIJ,inx. Bee 11,e ocrrinynaJiocn crriBIJ,HMn-6onnaMn na Jiipax, rycJIHX

Hara)J,yBaJIO CJI3BHY 6yBaJihiii,HHY B JiereH)J,aX i

IIiCHHX.

JI CTOpiHKH IIO)J,3JihiiiOI icTopii IJpnKaprraTTH BXO)J,HJIH B HOBe, XV CToJiiTTH,

nacnqene HOBHMH rro)J,iHMH.

168

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

Po3,IJ,iJI IV

ICTOPIH IIPHKAPIIATTH B

r AJIHQhKOI

3ACEJIEHH51 a

a)J,MinicTpaTHBHHM

IlOJihiiJj

raJIHIIhKa

6yJia

p03TaiiiOBaHa

CXi)J,HOMY narrpHMKY PycLKoro BO€BO)J,CTBa. Jiena

IIOBiTiB,

Koporren;LKHH rriB)J,eHh 6yJIH

Bi)J,

,I(nicTep, na

BOHH

raJIHIIhKOI

3eMJii

Tepe6oBJIHHChKHH, na

rriBniq

CHHTHHChKHH

rri)J,XO)J,HJIH

qiTKo

IIiB)J,eHHO-

Bona 6yJia rro)J,i-

rrpocTnraJIHCH

KoJIOMHHChKHH

rriB)J,Hi,

cT.

)J,O

IIOBiTH

KaprraT

rrpn-

rrorpaHnqqn.

BH)J,iJIHJIHCH

TPH

eKOHOMiqni

IlepiiiHH, )1,0 HKOrO BXO)J,HJia ripChKa CMyra, OXOIIJIIOBaB 6iJih-

qacTHHY

i1,pyrnil

raJIHIIhKHH,

IIOJihChKO-MOJI)J,aBChKO-yropChKOrO

TepnTopil

paHOHH. IIIY

piKH

)1,0

HKHX

qepBonoropo)J,ChKHH

po3TaiiioBani

MHKaJIH

3EMJII Y

XV cToJiiTTH B IIIJIHXeTCLKiil

rro)J,iJioM

3eMJIH

CT.

raJIHIIhKOro,

CHHTHHChKOro

rri)J,ripcLKa cMyra -

HapeiiiTi,

TpeTiH paHOH -

6oBJIHHChKHH,

KoJIOMHHChKOro

o6'e)J,HyBaB rrpaBnil

TpeTH HH30Ba CMyra -

Koporren;LKHH

IIOBiTiB,

6eper ,UnicTpa.

OXOIIJIIOBaB Tepe-

qepBonoropo)J,ChKHH rroBiTH.

KoMeR 3 IIHX eKOHOMiqnnx pailoHiB y CHJIY CBOIX IIpHpO)J,HHX YMOB MaB xapaKTepHi OC06JIHBOCTi p03BHTKY rOCIIO)J,apCTBa. TOpii

3)J,aBna

crren;iaJii3yBaJIHCh

Bi)J,ro)J,iBJii

xy)J,o6n

ripChKi TepHi

pi3nnx

MHCJiax, cepe)], HKHX )J,OMiHyiOqe Micn;e 3aHMaJIO COJieBapiHHH. neBeJinqKa

rpyrra

o6po6KOIO

Jiicy.

HapiBHi JieHHH B Ha

naceJieHHH B

TBapHHHHIITBOM,

3aiiMaJiocn

3aiiMaJiacn

IIi)J,ripChKHX

BHPOIIIYBaHHHM

Ha3BOIO ,Uo cax,

raJIHIIhKOI

ryn;yJihiiiHHa,

3eMJii

Ilo)J,iJIJIH i

rro6iqno

OC06JIHBO

ciJihChKHMH

icTopnKo-reorpalj>iqnoMy i TepHTOpil

rrpo-

I JIHIIIe

3eMJiepo6cTBOM

HH3HHHHX

IIpOMHCJiaMH

OKOJIHIIHX

Micn;eBe

Hace-

3JiaKiB.

eTnorpalj>iqno-rro6yToBoMy po3BHTKY BH)J,iJIHJIHCh

TpH

paHOHH,

Bi)J,OMi

IIi)],

IloKyTTH.

XIV cT. na3Ba ,IloKyTTH" ne 3YCTpiqaeTLCH B MO)J,HHX JiiTorrnxponiKax

iHIIIHX

Toroqacnnx

aKTax.

Jlniiie

yTBopeHHHM

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR,

MOR~aBChKO-ITORhChKOrO

rrorpaHnqqn

169

ToM

THX

Bi~OMHX

icTopiorpalj>i"i

rroniTnqHHX KOHij>niKTaX B crrpaBi KOp~OHiB MilK IIIRHXeTChKOIO IlonhmeiO

€ThCH

Mon~aBChKHM

crroqaTKY

KHH3iBCTBOM,

MOR~aBChKHX

xpoHiKax Ha3Ba ,IloKyTTH".

KiHuj

XIV -

rpaMOTaX,

He BHKniOqeHo,

XV cT. 3'HBnH-

ITOTiM Bi~

ITORhChKHX

o;Loro crripHoro

KyTa (TepnTopii Bi~ piKH ,UHicTpa no ToroqacHoMy Kop~oHy Mon~a Bii)

yBiHIIIna

IIH

Ha3Ba

~inoBy

~OKyMeHTao;iiO

ypn~iB,

a 3ro~oM -

IloKyTTH,

icTopiiO.

CrroqaTKY

IIIRHXeTChKOrO

po3MOBHY MOBY IIonLmi i BHrRH~i

BHTHrHyTa y

BOHa

ITOTparrnna

MOR~aBChKOrO

ITORhChKOrO

Mon~aBil.

TepnTo-

KyTa Ha ITORhChKO-MOR~aBChKOMY

rrorpaHnqqi, cTana apeHOIO 6opoTL6n MilK Mon~aBie10 i IIonLme10 3a rrpaBo

Ha II Bono~iHHH.

Brrepiiie B rrnchMOBHX ~oKyMeHTax, To6To B Mon~aBChKHX rpaMoTax, Ha3Ba ,IloKyrTn" 3ra~yeThCH B

1395 p. B rpaMoTi IIH Ha3Ba 3arrncaHa

TaK: ,TaKMe CRI06y€Mh 0 KOROMhiiO, H CHHTHHh H 0 ITOKYTh€, OTh Haiii (c)~ph,

CT.

CTelj>aHh He HMaeiii HH o~Ho cnoBo peqn ... "

Ha rroqaTKY

rpaMoTax,

30KpeMa,

1411 p.;

(" ...

HMa«eMh

CHHTHH H KonOMHIO H ITOKYThCKYIO 3eMn10"), B 3eMnH

KaK

H3~aBHa

THrH€Tb"),

RH ... ")

1455

TpyiiiKOBHq

HRH

cnyiiiana p.:

(" ... a

6oy(~)

CB0€10

eMy ~aTH

KORH

IIIHK~HHK

3eMRIO

KonoMHHChKHH

TepHTOpiiO,

BeKa

BHIIIRO ~0

ITOKYTCKH

IIHX aKTOBHX BHCROBaX i~e MOB a HK rrpo

,ITOKYThCKYIO

ropo~

Haiii

1433 p: ("a ITOKYThCKaH

rpaHnu;e10

TaKOlK

KaKHM

MOR~aBChKHX

Ha3Ba ,IloKyTTH" 3YCTpiqa€ThCH me KiRhKa pa3iB y

Haiiia TaK

(n)

aH~p€H

Haiii€H

3eM-

,ITOKYTh€", TaK

OXOITRIOBana

CHHTHHChKHH

rroBiTH.

Ili3Hiiiia Ha3Ba ,IloKyTTH" i II lKHTeni

,rroKyTHHn" 3ra~yiOThCH

B rronhChKHX xpoHiKax .H. ,Unyroiiia, M. KpoMepa (Pyci IloKyTHHiB), M. EenhChKoro (IloKyTTH), M. CTpHKOBChKoro (IloKyTchKa PycL) y 3B'H3KY i3 BHCTYITOM Myxn.

0cTaToqHo MelKi

IloKyTTH TO~i me He

BH3Haqnnncn, u;e 6yna B ocHOBHOMY rriB~eHHa qacTHHa IIpnKaprraTTH, BHTHrHyTa y

Bnrnn~i

3a rri~paxyHKaMH ChKoro,

KyTa Bi~ ,UHicTpa ~o Mon~aBChKoro rrorpaHnqqn. Bi~oMoro

3po6neHHMH

ranno;LKa 3eMnH Mana

HHM

XIV-XV CT.

rronhChKoro ~ocni~HHKa ocHoBi

395 HaceneHnx

HiCTh TepnTopii rropiBHHHO BOeBo~cTBa

rroHCHIO€ThCH

aKTiB

rryHKT~.

,UoM6KoB-

XV cT.,

TaKa 3HaqHa 3acene-

3 iHIIIHMH rroBiTaMH i rrocnneHHHM

II.

rpo~chKHX

3eMnHMH

KonoHi3ao;ii

PycLKoro

IIpnKaprraTTH

170

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

378. Y ucix

Ocnouny Macy naceJienux nynKTiB cTaHOBHJIH ceJia nouiTax HaJiiqyeThCH 17 MiCT i MiCTeqoK, 3 HHX 10 -

y raJIHllhKOMY

nouiTi (Ea6unu;i, ,Uynalu, raJiuq, ry6apu, MonaCTHpHChKa, IIeTJIHKiBlli, PoraTnn, TouMaq, Bep6oJiouu;i, LKyKiB). B iHIIIHX nouiTax 3YCTpiqaeMo no 1, no 2 MicTa (Tepe6oBJIHHChKOMY KoJIOMHHChKOMY

KoJIOMHH

neu;L, CHHTHHChKOMY -

Eoprn:iu,

Tepe6oBJIH, ToucTe,

Koponeu;LKOMY

Kopo-

CHHTHH, qepBOHOropO)J,ChKOMY -

qepBOHO-

ropoiJ,). OcKiJihKH

noqaTKH

a6o

nepiiii

nuceMni

3ra)J,KH

npo

iniiii

naceJieni nynKTH IIpnKapnaTTH nan6iJihiii u;iKaBJIHTh JII06nTeJiiB pi)J,nol oceJii, Kpae3nauu;iu, uqnTeJiiB icTopil, no)J,aeMo nepeJiiK MicT i ciJI )],BOX nouiTiu XV cToJiiTTH 3a )J,aHHMH )J,OCJii)J,MeHHH noJihChKoro uqenoro II. ,UoM6KoBChKoro (II o)J,iJI a)J,MinicTpaTHBHHH uoeBO)J,CTBa PychKoro i neJI3hKOro B XV CT., JlhBiB -

1939) Ta cyqacnoro )J,OCJii)J,-

HHKa II. C. Cipe)J,MyKa. B

raJIHllhKOMY nouiTi 3'HBJIHIOThCH Bnepiiie B nHChMOBHX )J,lKepe-

Jiax TaKi naceJieni nynKTH: Bacroqun, JlH)J,ChKe (6iJIH CTapux KpuuoTYJI), XoTHMHp (1401), bOBIIIiB, niJihiiiiBu;i, Me)J,yxa (1402), MapTHHiB (3 1456 CTapHH MapTHHiB, 1402), rpuniuu;i, ,UyTpiB (3 1765 p. KopoJiiBKa,

1404

p.),

(1405),

IInTpnqi

3auin

(1405),

3a6oJIOTTH,

KopocTouuqi (1407), Ea6un, IIa)J,niua, IIepeuo3eu;L, IIi)J,ripKn, XoTHH

(1408),

TpocTHHell,h

(1409),

lllyMJIHHH

(1410),

KoMapiu,

Canoriu

(1411), nJIIO)J,HHKH, Pomuin (1412), IIyKacin11,i (1413), JI6Jiyuin (1414), ,UeMeiiiKiuu;i, Jluceu;h (6iJIH

KaJiyiiia),

1658 p.

KopocTiJILHa, (CepHHKH,

1416), 3arip'n

CTapuii Jluceu;L,

Kpaculu,

Hn3KOJIH3H

1418), Jlunuu;n

Ocouu;i,

CapHHKH

Jlunuu;n,

1419), ,Uy6iuu;i, KyponaTHHKH,

KyTnrn:e,

(EapuinKoue),

1439 p. IIaJiaruqi,

Bepxnn IIyKiB

(1419), Ea6unu;i, ,UpniiiiB, CJIHBKH, Me)J,HHH, Ha)J,opoMHH, IIniu (1421), bO)J,HapiB, ropurJIH)J,H, ,UHTHTHH, Koponeu;h,

KocMOpHH,

KyKiJihHHKH,

HouociJIKa (6iJIH Koponu;n), IIeTJIHKiuu;i (3 1473 p. CTapi IIeTJIHKiBu;i), CoKOJiiBKa, CTeHKa (1421), raupuJiiB KaMiHh (raupHJIHK, 1422), EpaTHIIIiB, rpyiiiKa, LKuuaqiu, KaMinna, OnpHIIIKiBu;i (1424), MylKHJiiB, IIoxiBKa ( 14 2 6)' EyKiB, repaCHMiB, KnHrHHHH, Jlyqunu;i, IIi)J,MHxaiiJio, CuicTeJihHHKH (3 194 6 p. CuiTanoK), Yrpuniu (6iJIH MicTeqKa IIi)J,ranu;i, 1427), MopKoua, (1428), 3arip'n (6iJIH MicTeqKa KyKOJihHHKH,

1430),

IIyTHTHHlli

MeMropu;i,

(1432),

Ki)J,aHiB,

Bep6uJiiuu;i,

Heriuu;i

,Uy6puniu

(1431), Jluqe, (3

1958 p.

nHIIIiB,

,Uo6puniu),

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

171

MonacTnpcLKe, XyTKin (3 1717 p. <l>iTLKin, 1433), EyKinna, Bo)J,HHKH, 3anaJiin, KpeMH)J,in, Hone CiJihlle (3 1549 p. Hone ceJio, a 3 1596 p. EypiiiTHH), CoKiJI, qeiiin6icu (3 15 9 8 €3yrriJih, a 3 19 4 0 LKonTeHh,

1435), KpunoTyJiu (3 1763 p. CTapi KpunoTyJiu), IIorrJianHHKH, CapanqyKn, XpHIIJIHH (1436), EpaTKinu;i, EopTHHKH, rannycinKa, rocTin, 3aJiyMMH, IcaKin, LKonqin, MuJiynannn,

HnMnin, OcTpa, Cnonn)J,in,

Cepe)J,HH (6iJIH BonnuJiina), q epnqe (3 1717 p. q epqe), Tapnonuu;n IliJihHa (1437)' ry6apu, Kynuqi, Meqniiiin, HeMIIIHH, PaKoneu;h, TeHeTHHKH (1438), EyKaqinu;i, Bep6in, JlyKa (6iJIH BonnuJiona), JlyKa (6iJIH YcTn), HnMHH Jlurruu;n, OcTpnnn, CapHHKH (3 1486 p. ,UoJiiiiini CapnnKn), ToncTo6a6u, ToMaiiiinu;i, Xoxonin (1438), Ea6un, Ea6yxin,

Bep6nTHH,

BocKpecinu;i

1935

BucoKe), ,Uonre

(6iJIH

MapiaMrroJin), 3aJianin, 3aJiyKna, KaJiyiii, KoniOIIIKH, KoTHTnqi, IIoTiK,

Ilopoxona,

Ili)J,ropo)J,)J,H

(6iJIH

PoraTnna),

TeJinqe

1948 p.

Mupne), XopocTKin, Yrpunin (6iJIH KaJiyiiia), YropHHKH (6iJIH 0Tnnil), RMHHIIH (1440), Eapanin (rpaniTne) Kpuxinu;i, 03epnnu (6iJIH TJiyMaqa),

OJieiiia,

Eoropo)J,qanu,

Cy6oTin,

Eoropo)J,qanu

1690

CTapi

1441), ,Uo6ponJIHHH (6iJIH KaJiyiiia, 1441), ,Uoporin,

0Knnnu, IleTpin, CJianeTnn, CTy)J,HHKa (1443), EopTHHKH, EoMiKin (3 1964 p. IIpuniTne), TeMnpinu;i, 3arip'n (3 1520 p. HonociJIKa na ,UnicTpi),

KoJio)J,iin,

ropoMaHKa, ,Uonruil

KinqaKH

Kypurrin,

(1445),

BonnuJiin, JlnTnnnin,

03epnnu,

CinKa

KaJiycLKa

( 14 4 4),

MoiiiKinu;i (1446), Bopona, rpuropin, Ha3anu3in,

CeMaKinu;i

( 14 4 7),

Bepxnn,

,UeM'nnin, 3acTanni, OJieiiia (6iJIH MonacTnpncLKa), IlyMHHKH, PyiJ,HHKH, illnHTKin (Tpy)J,oJiw6inKa,

14 48), ,U3nunnq, JlyKa (6iJIH TJiyMaqa),

BiJILIIIanuu;n (1449), JloKiTna, HnM'nTnqi, Eapniii (3 1472 p. CTapuii Eapniii, 1452), Bo3HJiin, ,Uerona, ,UanHJihqe, CoKnpqun, CTaHKona (1453), Py6un, IIau;nKin, IIiiiJio, YniM (1454), CeMeninKa (1455), ,UonMKa, Honuil MapTnnin, CinKa BonnuJiincLKa ( 14 56), KJIHIIIinKa ( 14 59), IOnaiiiKin

(1461), KyTu;i (1463), IliiJ,IIIYMJIHHIIi, Me)J,Be)J,iou;i (1465), CeJieiib (1466), ,Ui6pooa

(1471),

MoJIO)J,KiB

(1471),

BiCTooa,

KaJILHa

(1475),

Jlauu

(1479), Cepe)J,Hi CapHHKH (1486), niJIOKepHHIIH, KciiiiHKH, 03epu;e (1490), Ca)J,Mana (1492), XoM'nKinKa, .H6JiyHLKa (1497). B

KoJIOMHHChKOMY rroniTi n XV cT. 3acjJiKconani n )J,MepeJiax TaKi

rrepiiii IIHCeMHi 3ra)J,KH rrpo HaCeJieHi IIYHKTH KpaiO: ,I(eJIHTHH, 3araifIIiJih,

Ko6uJieu;L,

Ca)J,ManKa,

Jlanqun,

TypKa,

XnaTinu;i

1670

<l>aTonu;i, 1400), Topronuu;n (6iJIH KoJioMni, 1404), BonqKinu;i, KnnMe,

172

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

MaTeiBIJj (1405), Ea6nn, ropo)J,, PoMHiB (1408), Epo)J,nqnn, KoprniB, JiicKn,

TpocTHHeiih,

( 141 0),

Tyqarrn

Bepxniil

Eepe3iB,

MnKyJmqnn

(1412), neJieJiyH, ToprOBHIIH (6iJIH ceJia CopOKH, 1415), EepeMann, Bep6oBellh, Bepxniil Kmoqin, Bn)J,nnin, ,UnMn)J,qe, KaMinKa, KpacnocTaBIIi, Jlroqa, Mnrnnn, OpeJiellh, 06epTnn, OcTarrKiBIIi, CopoKn, CToJIrrqaTiB (3 1763 p. CTorrqaTiB), CTpiJihqe, Pornnn, ,Uo6ecJiaBIIi, KnnM)J,Bip,

(1416),

qopToBellh

1978 p.

Ha3apenKono,

1419), LKyKiB

(1420), LKa6'€ (3 1963 p. Bepxonuua), Illernopu (1424), ropO)J,HHIIH, HceuiB

(1427)'

IliJihHHH

(1433)'

Icnac

Eoropo)J,qauu

(1436)'

ro)J,H,

qepeMXiB ( 14 37)' BJia)J,nqnn, LKyKOTHH ( 14 38)' ranhKiBIIi, MnKyJIHHIIi, MnxaJibqe, PerryMHHIIi (1459), niJIKa, EopmiB, qepneJIHIIH (1440), BiJihXOBellh, 3aJiyqqg (1441), IJeqeniMnn, Ili)J,BHCOKe, Ypycin (3 1717 p . c. Pycin), IliJihHHH XJii6nqnn, YcTH (CTape, 1443), ,UnTKiBIIi, Knii)J,anlli, Ilepepin, KyTn (3 1715 p. CTapi KyTn), Pn6ne (1444), KoJiiHKH

(1446), KynnciBIIi (1447), ,Uy6na, CeMaKiBIIi (6iJIH ropo)J,eHKH, 1449), 3)J,BHMHH (Ko6aKH), Jli06KiBIIi (1450), ,I:(o6poBi)J,Ka (1451), 3a60JIOTiB, KporrnnnnK, BiKno, IliB)J,OBra, qepnHTHH (1453), Kpacna (1454), Kopnin (1455), KapJiiB (3 1946 IlpyTiBKa), XMeJieBa (1456), Ili)J,ranqnKn

(1457),

KyJiaqnn,

KyJiaqKiBIIi

Py)J,HHKH

(1465),

KopniBKa

(1458), ,Uo6poTiB,

(1460),

IlpnKMHme

(1467), rJiyiiiKiB, 3a)J,y6piBIIi, OJieiiiKiB,

IloTiqoK (1469), CTe(leBa (1472), ,UaJieiiiOBe, 3aBaJIJIH (1473), naJIUHIIi,

3eJieniBKa,

KoJIOMHI,

IJIJiiHIIi

1482),

( 14 7 5),

ny)J,HJiiB,

HnMniil

XoM'HKiBKa

rnh)J,ellh (1494), ,UonrorriJIJIH, Po3TOKH,

Eepe3iB,

(1490),

CeMaKiBIIi,

Korraqnn~:~i,

CepacJ>nn~:~i

(6iJIH MaJIHH

(1500).

HK BH)J,HO, B XV cToJiiTTi IlpnKaprraTTH 6y JIO )J,OCHTh rye To 3aceJieno.

qHM 11e IIOHCHHTH -

HeJierKa rrpo6JieMa.

0)J,naK, ynaMno anaJihyroqn rreprno)J,MepeJia, MOMHa xoq B 3araJihnoMy IIOHCHHTH 11e KOJIOHi3alliHHe HBHIJie.

Ha Haiii IIOfJIH)J,, fOJIOBHH-

MH cJ>aKTOpaMH 3aCeJieHHH 6yJIH: II 0 -rreprne' 6araTi na ypoMailni rpyHTH HH30BHHHi TepnTopil ropo)J,eHKiBIJIHHH,

CnnTHHIJIHHH,

TJiyMaqqnnn

crrpnHJIH

IIIBH)J,KOMY

3ace-

Jiennro lli€1 Ha)J,)J,HicTpnnchKOI cMyrn. Ilo-11,pyre, 6araTi na Jiicn

COJIHHi )J,MepeJia IIi)J,ripChKi Ta ripChKi

OKOJIHIIi )J,aBaJIH MOMJIHBiCTh HOBOCeJihiiHM IIIHpOKO 3aHMaTHCH COJIHHHMH

i )J,epeBoo6po6HHMH

IIOHBOIO

IIaHChKHX

36iJihiiieHHH

IIpOMHCJiaMH.

cJ>iJihBapKiB

cJ>eo)J,aJihHHX

,I:(o

Bi)J,6yBaJIOCH

IIOBHHHOCTeH,

TOfO

IIOCTYIIOBO

o6e33eMeJieHHH

OC06JIHBO

CeJIHH

IIaHIJIHHH,

11e

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

3MyiiiyBaJio ceJIHH Bi,li,XO,li,HTH ripChKi OKOJIHIJj i TaM IIo-TpeT€,

ToM

173

3 IIpn,li,HicTpoB' n

rri,~J,ripcLKi

OCBOIOBaTH He3aHHHTi 3eMJii.

36iJILIIIeHHHM

ciMeilnnx

po,11,iB

BH,ll,iJIHIOThCH

oKpeMi

pO,li,HHH i OCi,ll,aiOTh Ha ciJihChKHX rpyHTaX Bi,ll, CTaporo ocepe,li,Ky CeJia,

,ll,aBaJIH Ha3BH

TO,ll,i

Ka3aJIH

rroqaToK cTaporo

CTapnil

,Ha

HOBHM noBoro

ceJia,

Jinrrm~;n,

MapTnniB,

CHpOMY

oceJIHM.

KOpeni"

BnacJii,ll,oK

HK,

narrpHKJia,ll,,

1439

,,li,HKOMY

qoro

MapTHHiB,

Bepxnn

IIOJii"

3MiHIOBaJIHCH 3

1456

Jinrrn~:~n;

(ropiiiinn)

KpnBoTyJin, 3 1763 CTapi KpnBoTyJin; Eepe3iB, Bepxniil (ropiiiiniil)

(1412),

Eepe3iB

Hn.lKHiil

(,UoJiiiiiniil)

(1482), Eoropo,11,qann

Eepe3iB

( 14 4 1), CTapi Eoropo,11,qann. KpiM

llhOro,

naceJieni

rryHKTH

BHHHKaJIH

rrpn

roJIOBHHX

IIIJinxax,

TaKnx HK BoJIOChKHH a6o MoJI,ll,aBChKHil, HKHH iiiioB i3 MoJI,ll,aBii na CHHTHH, KoJIOMHIO' raJinq, PoraTHH B narrpHMi JlbBOBa, qn no COJIHHHX ,11,oporax,

HKHMH

BHB03HJIH ciJih 3 IIpnKaprraTTH.

Jl:ocJii,ll,.lKeHHH IIOXO,ll,.lKeHHH Ha3B HaCeJieHHX IIYHKTiB, HKi BHHHKaJIH B XIY -XY

cToJiiTTnx

IIpnKaprraTTi

rrpo6JieMa

na,li,TO

CKJia,li,Ha

aBTOp He CTaBHTh rrepe,11, C 0 6 010 3aB,ll,aHHH IX BciX IIOHCHHTH. Qe lliKaBe i

Ba.lKJIHBe IIHTaHHH MO.lKHa p03B'H3aTH

CIIiJihHHMH 3YCHJIJIHMH ,li,OCJii,li,HHKiB, IIpo ,11,enKi Mocn,

Ha3BH ciJI

BHHKawqn

CIIiJihHOIO KOIIiTKOIO

iCTOpHKiB, JiiHrBiCTiB,

MicT rrpnKaprraTChKoro

B IX icTopnqni Ta eKoHoMiqni

Kpaw

yMoBH

rrpafleiO,

eTHOrpac)>iB. MH ,ll,i3Ha€BHHHKHennn,

xapaKTep TepnTopii, rrpnpo,11,y, p eJih€ cJ> TO III o. Ear a To Ha3B oTpnMyBaJIH

IIpHKaprraTChKi

qniii,

CeJia i

MiCTa Bi,ll, piqoK,

na HKHX oci,11,aJIH rrepBicni

Kpa€3HaBqi Ha3BH 3aBaJiiB, JlyKa,

CTapi

CTapOBHHHHX Ha3B

ypo-

rroceJien~:~i. Jince~:~L,

KpnBoTyJin, CTapnil

Eoropo,11,qann,

CTapnil

3arip'n,

Eapniii, Jlann,

Knn.lK-

,li,Bip, ropO,li,HHIIH, ropo,ll,, CTapi KyTH CBi,ll,qaTh rrpo i€papxiqne CTaHOBHIIIe OCeJii. Jl:o Ha3B, IIIO 3a3HaqaiOTh HKYCh IIpHKMeTy, BJiaCTHBY Till oceJii,

HKa

ropnrJIH,li,H,

Bi,ll,pi3HH€ II Bi,ll,

iniiinx,

HoBe CeJio, YcTH,

KepHHIIH, 3arailrriJIL, Bepxniil,

naJie.lKHTh

KyTH,

KyTlli,

IIi,~J,ripKn,

,UoBre,

,UoBrorriJIJIH,

KyTHIIIe, Jlann,

KJiwqiB.

€

niJio-

ceJia 3 TepnTo-

piaJihHOIO a6o Kpa€3HaBqow 03HaKaMn: Po3TOKH, HoBe CiJihlle, JlyKa, 3aJiyqqn, 3naqna

IIi,~J,ropo,ll,,li,H,

KiJILKiCTh

IIi,~J,raifqnKH.

ciJI

xapaKTepna

Bo,li,HHKH, IIorrJiaBHHKH, 3a6oJIOTTH, poBi,li,Ka, IIoTiqoK, 3a6oJioTiB.

ri,ll,porpac)>iqnnMH

03ep~:~e,

03HaKaMH

Ca,ll,.lKaBa, Jlwqa, ,Uo6-

174 qHMaJIO

Ha3B

cBiTy, cl>Jiopn -

Bi)J,o6paMa10Th

03HaKH

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

pOCJIHHHOrO

TBapHHHOrO

.H6JiyHiB, Jlnrrnu;n, ,Uy6iBu;i,

CoKoJiiBKa, Bep6nJiiBu;i,

CoKiJI,

CJIHBKH, IIniB, Jlnceu;L,

Bep6iB, ,Ui6poBa, .H6JiyHLKa, Ko6n-

Jieu;L, JlicKH, CopOKH, OpeJieu;h, niJIKa, Pn6ne, ,UynaiB, EapBiHKOBe, BoBqKiBu;i. 0co6JIHBO 6araTO HaCeJieHHX IIYHKTiB IIOXO)J,HTh Bi)J, OC060BHX iMeH MapTHHiB,

rpnHiBu;i,

raBpHJiiB

KaMiHh,

MyMHJiiB'

Ili)J,MHXaHJIO'

IcaKiB, rpnropiB, ,UaHHJihqe, CeMeHiBKa, MaTeiBlli, OcTarrKiBu;i, MnKYJIHHlli,

MnxaJibqe,

IJ)KaBi

CBOIM

XoTHMHp,

oceJii

rannyciBKa,

IBaHHKiBKa.

rJIHfiOKO

CTapOBHHHHM

ropnrJIH)J,H,

MyMHJiiB,

IIOXO)J,MeHHHM qernn6icn,

Ha3BaHi

IleqeniMHH,

MapiaMIIiJih, MnKyJinqnn, KHHMe, KHHM)J,Bip, PorHHH, ropo)J,, ropo)J,HHIIH,

PyciB 3)J,BHMHH.

Bi)J, u;nx Ha3B qy€ThCH Bi)J,JIYHHH )J,aBHhoicTo-

pnqnoro, )J,aBHhOCJIOB' HHChKOrO

i KHHMOrO

IIOXO)J,MeHHH.

Y napo)J,i icny€ 6araTo Jieren)J,, orroBi)J,aHh, rrepeKa3iB rrpo rroxo)J,MeHHH Ha3BH Toro qn inrnoro naceJienoro rryHKTy, HKi rrepe)J,aiOThCH 3 IIOKOJiiHHH B IIOKOJiiHHH. MH,

O)J,HaK

u;i

rrepeKa3H

JiiHrBiCTHqHHMH

BoHH lliKaBi CBOIMH XY)J,OMHiMH )J,OMHCJiaBHMaraiOTh

IIi)J,TBep)J,MeHHH

iCTOpHqHHMH

)J,aHHMH.

,BIJJ: TOfO qACY )J;OJUI HAIIIllX CEJI51H EYJIA T51.1KKA ... " rrpnrno6JieHHH OKyrrau;iHHHMH

EaraTa

raJIHllhKa

3eMJIH

rrpHTHraJia

)1,0

ce6e

IIOJihChKY

IIIJIHXTy.

IIicJIH OCTaToqnoro 3arap6aHHH raJinqnnn cl>eo)J,aJihHOIO IloJihmeiO B Kinu;i XIV cT., CIO)J,H pnnyJia IIIJIHXTa 3 BeJIHKoi IloJILmi i Ma3oBrna. II) ino3eMni rrpnrneJihlli,

rrepeBaMHO !1,pi6na IIIJIHXTa,

pHMH KopoJiiBChKHMH rrpnBiJieHMH, BCiMa

CeJiaMH

MiCTaMH

na)J,iJieni me)J,-

rrpoTnroM XIV -XV cT,

raJIHllhKOI

3eMJii,

BHTiCHHBIIIH

3aBoJio)J,iJIH yKpaiHChKe

naceJieHHH. B raJIHllhKiil 3eMJii, 3a rri)J,paxynKaMH rroJihChKoro )J,OCJii)J,HHKa

II.

rpO)J,ChKHX

,I(oMfiKOBChKOro, 3eMChKHX

3p06JieHHMH

aKTiB

cT.,

Ha qiTKO

OCHOBi

orry6JiiKOBaHHX

BH3naqeno

nanBnicTh

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

3eMJieBoJio)J,iHHH BaMna 3a Toil

,I(eHKi

noBiTax.

cT.

IIOBiTi

IIi)J,)J,aHHX

THBHi

IIOCa)J,H

IIOBiTaX

Po)J,HHa

HHX

TepnTopiil Ha

Ma€TKH.

14 -

IlhOrO

BeJIHKi

3eMJii

IIi)J,KOpHJIH

JIHIIhKoro

MnKoJia

KiJihKOX

KoJIOMHHChKOIIOBiTax.

oqoJIHB

Myxn, )1,0

JIHIIIe

TOrO

raJIHIIh-

rn:e

pO)J,HHa

IHIIIHH

IIIJIHXeT-

Tepe-

nyqan;hKHX

10 -

KoJIOMHHChKOMY,

100 -

137

MaJia

BepxiBKa,

Ma€TKiB. BOJIO)J,iHHi

3aHMaJia

raJIHIIh-

OCHOBHi

HKOI

6yJIH

a)J,MiHiCTpa-

Bi)J,aJia KOpOJiiBChKHMH CTapOCTBa-

Koponn.

Ma€TKaMn,

co6i

eJieMeHTa,

BMe

KOJIHIIIHiX

nocTynoBo

3eMJii,

cT.

naiiBIIJIHBOBi-

Koponni

Peqi

reTLMann.

BJia)J,y,

raJIHIIhKi

IIIJIHXTy.

iHIIIHX

paxyHOK

3aXi)J,-

CaHOBHHKH

neo6MeMeny

!1,pi6ny

TepnTopiil

iH03eMHOrO

OXOIIHJia

Micn;eBHX

n;iEI

Hai16iJihiiii

KaiiiTeJIHHH,

IIpHIIIeJihiiHMH

cepe)J,oBnrn:a

Maroqn

cepe)J,HIO

IIpOXO)J,HJia

IIIJIHXTH,

6yJIH

BHXO)J,HJIH

cTapocTn,

raJIHIIhKOI

IIJ:O

Ma€TKH,

ceJia

CHHTHHChKOMy,

MarHaTH

IIIJIHXTH

BO€BO)J,H,

KoJionhan;in

IHChKOI

raJIHIIhKi

IloJihChKOI

6araTHMH

BO€BO)J,CTBa,

BOJIO)J,iHHH

7 -

IIpOCTOpH,

BOJIO)J,iJIH

3eMJIHX.

IIocnoJIHToi

MarHaTH

cJ>eo)J,aJiiB

MarnaTChKa

MarHaTa

IIpOCTeMy€ThCH

raJIHIIhKOMY

IIOBCTaHIIHMH

KoponeTqnni,

6e3MeMHi

raJIHIIhKiH

BoJio)J,iroqn

MaJIH

HKoro

PychKOMY BO€BO)J,CTBi, i

6iJihiiiOCTi

IIIoi

cBoi

cnn

IIepe-

iJ,YXOBeHCTBa.

Ma€TKaMH.

6yJio a

KJiacy.

qiTKO

IIOJihChKHX

ceJia

c)>eo)J,aJihHO-eKCIIJiyaTaTOpCbKa

THCHqi

aKTiB

Ma€TKaMH-CeJiaMH,

MaB

Ma€TKaMH

IIOBiTax.

Xo)J,eq,

qepBOHOrOpO)J,ChKOMy,

KOMY

IIIJIHXTH

KOpOJiiBChKHMH

6opOTh6i

IIOBiTi

pyKaX

IIenTyKoBnqa

)J,e

BOJIO)J,iB

6oBJIHHChKOMY BOJIO)J,iJia

6JIH3hKO i

175

eKcnJiyaTaTopcLKoro

6yJia

BeJihMOM-MarHaTiB

BacLKa

CTanicJiaB

ToM

IIOCiJIOCTeH

CHHTHHChKOMY

OIIOJiqeHHH

KOMY

raJIHIIhKHX

MarnaT ChKe

IIpHBaTHHMH

TaK,

3 38)

(

3eMeJihHHX

rn:o

BCiMa

cepe)J,oBnnd ciJI

HaHBHiCTIO

c)>aKT,

My,

6iJihiiiiCTh

MaHMe

IlpuKapnammR.

6onp,

3Haqny

HKi,

oKaToJinqyBaJincn

PychKOro

IIOJihChKO-KaTOqacTHHY

nparnyqn

CTaBaJIH

yKpa-

36eperTH

CJiyM6y

IIOHeBOJIIOBaqaM. Pa30M

THM

3YCTpiqa€ThCH IHChKe ,Uennc, BacbKO

rn:e

aKTax 6araTo

IIOXO)J,MeHHH IBaChKO

JierKO

<l>e)J,hKO

CT.

ycix

IIpoKiii

IBaChKO

06eJILHnq,

IIOBiTax

yKpalnchKOI

BH3HaqHTH

U:YIIHJIOBa,

IleHTYKOBHq,

IloMopnn,

nphBHIIJ:

IIO 3

iMeHaX

qarpoBa,

CTpiJien;h, IrnaT

raJIHIIhKOI

IIIJIHXTH.

IBaH

KyTnrn:,

IXH€

MiCIIHX IBaChKO

rJinHi, )J,Ba

3eMJii yKpa-

BHXO)J,y:

BinKoBnq, rpnn;hKO

IBaiiiKH

6paTH

176 3

BoJtoiJuMup

CKoMopox,

Eor)J,aH

HoBociJiellh ,UenKi BOJIO)J,iB

cKopo

KoJIOMHHChKOMY ,Uy6poBa,

KJiroqeBa,

KpacHHIIH,

JieHi

illyMJHIH,

PoriH,

36araTHTHCH.

IIOBiTi

qacTHHa

yKpaiHChKHH

IIIJIHXTnq

IIOBiTi

MaB

CHHTHHChKe

CBO€MY

MarHaTH

TBa.

Bci cTapocTBa 6yJIH

CTapOCTBa y

rricJIH

ycrra)J,KyBaJIH -

rrpaBJIHTh

KOMY

36HpaTH u;Loro.

110

llpOBHHy,

Mai16yTH€

TaKe

qnHHJIH

6yJIH

Ha (

repaCHMiB,

p.)

HHMH

)J,aHHHY, B

cTapocTi

MnxaiiJio

MyMHJIO CTapoc-

CHHTHHi,

KoJIOMHI

rpo)J,ChKi

ypH)J,H.

T06To

po)J,HHH

CTaB

JIH

MaJIH

cTapocTH

,UaBH)J,

CBOI

llpOTe

36HpaJIHCH

)J,OTpHMyBaJIHCH

reHepaJihHHH

CTapocTH

MHTa

)J,03BOJIHJIH

CBOIX )J,OXO)J,iB BOHH rropyrnyBaJIH 3JIOBlKHBaHHH,

Bi)J,

HKHX

cTaBHJIOCH

rreprny

Bee: B

MeToiO

CBOIX CTapoc-

qepry

CTpalK)J,a-

rri)J,)J,aHi- ceJIHHH.

EKCITJiyaTaTOpCbKa BepxiBKa IIIJIHXeTChKOI IlOJihmi, IIIJIHXTa i BeCh

ceiiMHK

3a6opOHHJIOCH

co6i

rrpaBa

CIIOpH.

caMoBiJihHO

KoJIOMHHChKO-CHHTHHChKOMY

3aKOHOM

JlhBiBCh-

cy)J,OBi

rrpaBa

BOHH

Bi)J,6yBcH

Ko-

MnxaHJIO

Ma€TKH

MaJIH

i1,py-

cTapocTBaMn.

BHHHKaJIH

11,e

MHKOJia

raJIHllhKHM,

cMepTi

CHHH

rrepe)J,aBa-

CTaHicJiaBa

CHH

CHHTHHChKHM

KoJIOMHI

CHHTHHChKe

if oro

qacTO

pp.

IIicJIH

rrpaBoM

3eM-

Tepe6oBJIHHChKe,

)J,i)J,HqHHMH,

iloro

CTapOCTBa

MilK

qnHHTH.

BCHKi

cy)J,oBi

(rrepiiiHH

nyqau;hKOro

iHIIIY

Co-

Hace-

1433-1501

MarHaT

rrpHKJia)J,i

14 7 4

6aThKOBi

KopoHHHM

14 4 4

iHrni

ernHHChKHH

CeJia

cyci)J,CTBa

KoJIOMHHChKHM

TOMY

HKOMY IIIO

36iJihllleHHH

lxHi

cTapocToiO).

raJIHllhKOro

MHTa

raJIHllhKe,

caMocTiiiHi

3eMJii

HKOro

MHKOJIH

qacTHHa

KopoJiiBChKHMH

KoJIOMHHChKe

rrpaBa

BH)J,HO

CTapOCTBa

3ri)J,HO

TaK,

IIIJIHXTH,

JIH

U:e

CTapOCTBi,

CTapocTH

TBaX

raJIHllhKiH

Bi)J,rroBi)J,HO

CeJia

IIicTHHh,

IBaHKO

CTapOCTBaMH.

1436

KOpOJIH

oTpnMaJIH

CMepTi

YrrpaBHTeJii

Bi)J,

Tepe6oBJIHHChKHM

JIOMHHChKoro

KaM'HHKH,

BciMa

CTapOCTBa

opraHi3oBaHi

crra)J,OK.

Xo11,eqa,

rHH

IleHTyKoBnq

Bep6bK Ta

BOJIO)J,iHHi

3arrpaBJIHJIH

KoJIOMHHChKe.

Tepe6oBJii,

JIHCh

6yJio

OTpHMaB

Ilo)J,Bopnqe.

JIHMH, TaK 3BaHHMH KOpOJiiBmHHaMH, 3eMJii

IBaChKO

BXO)J,HJIH

OcTarrKiBu;i,

IHrnnil

BachKO ( CIO)J,H

qacTHHa

MnrnnHa,

YToporrn,

raJIHllhKi

nyqau;hKHH

TaK,

Ma€TKaMH

rBi3)J,IIH,

qacTHHa

HernBe)J,rne,

raJIHllhKiH

CBicTeJihHHK,

CTorrqaToBa,

Koporreu;hKOMY

BeJIHKi

qacTHHa

rryHKTH).

LKnBaqiB,

BachKO

3eMJIH).

HHX 3YMiJIH

XopOCHO,

poKn,

(raJIHllhKa

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

u;eHTpaJihHHH

Micu;eBnil

ana paTH

I I OJihChKoro

MarHaTH,

KopoJiiBCTBa

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi51

icnyBaJIH

36araqyBaJIHCh

naceJieHHH U:e

IlpuKapnammR. 3a

paxyHOK

naoqno MO.lKHa rro6aqnTH Ha

3)J,aBHa,

u;iil 3

TepHTOpii

)J,i)J,iB

rrpa)J,i)J,iB,

.lKHJIO

CTap03BHqaeBHMH

JIHllhKOI

3eMJii

I I OJihiii em,

IIIJIHXTa.

Bona,

orrnparoqnch

CTapOBHHHHH

3MiHH

CTaHOBHilli 3a KO

reTh

raJIHllhKHX

HiH

Pyci

U:i,

TaK

)J,iJIHJIHCH

MOBHTH,

KaTeropin

rpoMa)J,ChKHX JIHCH

ciJihChKa lniiii

rrpaBoM

CTpyKTypi MaJia

BiJihHHX

ciJihChKa

rpoMa)J,H,

IIIO

BHCTyiiaiOTh rpoMa)J,OIO

.lKHJia

CeJia,

)J,BOpy

BOHH

)J,Opyqenh, ThOX

ceJiax

,TiByHH"

rOJIOBH

KO-BOJIHHChKOrO

pycLKiM ,rOMO"

(qoJIOBiK,

BHKOHaHHHM

rrepiiiHMH Ha

3eMJii

rpoMa)J,,

KHH3iBCTBa.

BTeq

cy)J,OBHX

6araTHX

HKHX

cT.

ceJIHHH

iepapxiqniil

CTOHJIH

oTaMaHH BoHH

CIIpaB

CHraiOTh

qoJii

qacTo

KepyBaJIH Ha)J,

BHKOHaHHi

CT.

3aH-

CeJIHBJia)J,H

IIaHChKHX

IIIJIHXTHqiB.

KHH3i.

niMellhKHM

IIOCHJieHHHM

XVI

TiBynn

KOpHCTyBa-

CTaHOBHille

HKi

OTaMaH).

CeJIHH.

ocnoBi

BiJILHi

3eMJii.

aKTax

HaBiTh

ceJIHH

rrpaBaMn:

cT.

BoJii".

IIOMiqHHKaMH IIOCJiy3i

rroqaTKH B

qepry ceJIHH-

TiByHH

TiByHH,

rrpaBi.

CBOIO aKTax

HKi

OTaMaHH,

,na

Ille

HeCBo6i)J,Hy.

BiJihHHX

IIpHBiJieHOBaHe i

qepBO-

,KMeTi".

a6o

raJIHllhKOI

OTaMaHH

lj>aKTHqHo

raJIHllhKOI

CH)J,iJIH

BOJIOChKHMH

BiKy B

BHBe)J,eHHMH

KopncTyBaJIHCH

p03CJii)J,yBaHHHM

CTaBaJIH

6yJIH

CeJIHH

KaTeropiil,

a6o

6aqHMO

Toroqacnnx

)J,eKiJihKa

a6o

CBo6i)J,Hy

KepcTa,

Hai16iJihiii

CTe.lKHJIH

3aHMaJIHCH

3Haqni

rrpaBOBOMY

IIpOCTe.lKy€MO )J,aJie-

,roMo",

ypH)J,HHKH

Ha3BOIO

HaMH,

JiaMa-

Bi)J,6yJIHCH Ta

ra-

rroJihChKa

rroqaJia

rroqaTKY

cBo6i)J,HHX, B.

HaCeJieHHH

CeJIHH

Ha3BaMH

ociJii

Macy

KaTeropii

pycLKHMH

ceJIHH

CTapiiiHHa

IIi)],

rrpnBiJiel,

<l>paHKO,

rri)J,)J,annx.

ciJihChKi

)J,aBHO

OCHOBHY

cT.

KOpHCTyBaJIOCh

rrocyny Jia

qoro

HaCeJieHHH.

3arap6aHHH

eKOHOMiqnoMy

JIIO)J,HiCTh

3Bannx

)J,iJIHJiaCH

BiJihHHX

6yJIH

3eMJii,

xMapa,

JIIO)J,Y.

OCHOBHi

BH)J,iB

TaK

CTapiiiHHa,

CTaHOBHJIH

)J,Bi

3BnqaeBHMH

KaTeropil

Macy

IIicJIH

rpO)J,ChKHMH,

IIHIIIe

)J,OCJii)J,HHKa

KHHr,

)J,aBHiMH

30KpeMa

3araJihHHMH

rroJihChKoro

u;iil

BHaCJii)J,OK

ceJIHHChKoro

iHIIIHX

IIi)],

raJIHllhKOI 3eMJii

KopoJiiBChKi

XJii6opo6ChKY

pH)J,

MOB

TaK

CIIpaBe)J,JIHBO

)J,BOHKY

IIepiiia

TO)J,iiiiHhOrO

CeJIHH.

Macy

BHCTyrrae

)J,aHHMH

CeJIHH,

KHHraMH,

O)J,Hopi)J,HY

rri3Hiiiie,

CTBO

MaCH

OCHOBHY

rrpaBaMH.

CIO)J,H,

cou;iaJihHOMy,

aKTOBHMH

YKJia)J,

rrpHKJia)J,i

CTaHOBHJIO

CTapOBHHHHMH,

rOJIOBHOI

ceJIHH.

CeJIHHCTBO B OHO

177

ToM

6ara-

3YCTpiqaiOThCH

rrepio)J,y

raJIHllh-

Bi)J,pi3HHIOThCH

Bi)J,

178

BoJtoiJuMup

OTaMaHiB

)J,BipChKiH

COJITHCiB,

IIOCJiy3i,

p03MipH

3HaqHoiO

BH)J,HO

110

3eMJii

6yJIH

IIIeBu;iB,

IIOCi)J,aJIH ChKHH 6yJIH

60H)J,apiB,

IIeBHi

)J,Bip

THX

cT.

IIIe

,KopoJiiBChKi B

KopoJiiBIIIHHax

pycLKHM rrpaBoM, MYIOThCH MaJIH

rrpaBO

cTapnMH xoTiJIH

rrpaBaMH

6opoJiacn

rapnqe i

qoJii

rpoMa)J,a

ceJii

KaTOJIHIIhKHH

IloKpHB)J,lKeHi arreJIIOBaJIH )1,0

HapeiiiTi,

KHX

aKTOBHX

Bi)J,qyBaJIO

ceJIHH. Ha

HeKKep IIi)], Ha

y6oriCTh Ha

co6i

qac

ceJii

U:e

rrpoMHBa-

KopncTyBaJIHCH rrpocTeHKi

IIIe

CBOIMH

<J>eo)J,aJiaMn,

ceJIHHaMn.

1444

p.,

yTHCKaTH

cT. IIIO

HKi

Bi)J,oMo, KOJIH

JlLBiB-

3a6npaTH

IXHi

IlpoTe IIOCTYIIOBO BOHH

MHB

CBHIIIeHHK.

BOHH

BOJIO)J,iJIH

BHXO)J,HTH

THlKKHH B

iJ,YXOBeHCTBa.

IIaHChKHH

raJIHIIhKY Y

CBOIX

,3araJihHHH

Bi)J,pi3HHBCH

Ilo)J,eKy)J,H )J,yxiBHHIITBO

JlLBiBIIIHHi

pn6y.

JIIO)J,eil.

cT.,

TiByHH,

rrepe)J,

BJiaCTeH.

MOrJIH HiqnM

IIOXO)J,iB

HaiiKpaiiie

CTOHJIH

ce6e

rroqaB

)J,i3Ha€MOCH,

MaHMe

IIaH-

pn6aKH

CeJIHHaMH.

)J,iJIHHKaMH

CaH

ToroqacHnx

TypnHu;i

KOMHOMY 3BiCTOK

3eMeJihHHMH iJ,YXOBHHH

IIpOCTHMH

BHXO)J,y,

6araTi

KHHMHX

KiHIIH

CTaBqaHH

ChKHH

CTaBH,

rrpocTHMH

3eMJii.

3JIHBaiOThCH

apxierrncKorr

peMicHH-

BiJihHOrO

CJiyM60Bi JIIO)J,H )J,OpOlKHJIH

IXHi

KopqMa-

MeJihHHKH

rpoMa)J,H

Bi)J,CTOIOBaJIH

Ilpo

o6cJiyroByBaJIH

CiJihChKi

ceJia

HaCeJieHHH,

ciJihChKHX

rrpaBO

)J,O

rrpaBO

KopqMapn-

)J,Bip.

rrpo

BoHH

MaJIH

ciJihChKHMH

KOJIHIIIHix

U:i

i cT.

TOIIIO.

II epeMHIIIJihiiiHHH,

3piBHHTH

cT.

OCHOBHOMY

o6MeMeHHM, IXHi Ha

3eMJii

IIaHChKHH

piqKH

6iJihiiii

KopqMapi.

yKpaiHChKOrO

XVI

BiJihHHMH

rpoMa)J,H.

6yJIH

rpnu;hKO

MaJIH

KaTeropin

JlLBiBIIIHHH

MaiOTh

XIY-XY

3BicTKH

HKi

MJIHHH,

6yJIH

niJihiiiiBIIHX.

rroHeBOJIHTH

yrrepTo

HKi

cT.

Ha)J,iJIH

MaJIH

xoq i

BHXO)J,y

IBaiiiKO,

rocrro)J,apcTBa.

icHyBaJia

JIIO)J,H",

6y)J,yqn

)J,aHHHy.

CBOI )J,iJIHHKH

Hiqoro.

3eMeJihHi

IIIO

HaceJieHHH

rrpe)J,CTaBHHKH

KpaBu;iB,

ceJIHHChKi

CeJiaX,

MaJIH

aJie,

COJITHCH

HeBeJIHKY

IIi)J,TpHMyBaB

aKTOBHX )J,OKyMeHTax

KiB:

TiByHH,

CTeHhKO,

HKHX

rpoMa)J,aMH,

orro)J,aTKyBaHh.

Bi)J,oMo

€Bpei,

IIJiaTHTh

ciJihChKoro

BCHKHX

iMeHax:

HaM

CTaJIH

JIH

6e3

raJIHIIhKiH

pHMH

OTaMaHH,

BiJihHHX JIIO)J,eH,

ceJia

rroBHHHOCTi

KepyiOTh

Ha)J,iJiiB,

KaTeropiero

HaJielKaJIH )1,0 BHXO)J,Y

3eMeJihHHX

BOHH

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

6yJio

rHiT.

3eMJIIO

MeMyapax IIO)J,HB

CeJia. Bi)J,

U:en

y6ore,

1495 BiH

HeBeJinq-

IIpOCTHX

Ilncap

cepe)],

)J,BOPHIIIaMH,

HHlKqnft BiJihHHX

po3opeHe

xpeCTOHOCIIiB 3BepHyB

IIHCaB,

BiilcLKa

IIIO

yBary CeJii

xpecToHoc-

ImocmpoeaHa IJ,iB

icmopi5l

36y)J,HB

TYT

IlpuKapnammR.

pycLKHii

rrirr

ToM

179

6opo)J,oiO,

6ocuMu

HoraMu

cipiu

orroHqi". B

i1,pyry

KOpOJiiBChKi 6yJIO

rpyrry

BXO)J,HJIH

CJiyru,

KaJiaHHHKH,

3HaqHo

MeHIIIe,

HeBiJihHHKiB

rraHyBaHHH

TU:

pycLKoro

rpO)J,ChKHX

raJIUII,hKiH

rporneu,

3 eM

cy)J,

144 7

(TiJihKH

To6To

ceJia,

rrpaiJ,IOBaTU

BOHU

TiJihKH

3YCTpiqa€MO TKOBi

qepe3

€MO

Op)J,UHIJ,i, B

ceJii

Op)J,UHIJ,i 3eMJIIO,

o6Me.lKeHHHM BHXO)J,y

rpoMa)J,U

KOpoJiiBChKY

rro6JIH3Y

pUCTOByBaJIU

Te,

Op)J,UHIJ,i

)J,OCTeMeHHO

III;e

O)J,Ha

,cJiyraMu" raJiuquHi.

Op)J,UHIJ,i

KaTeropiH B

KopucTyBaJiucn

cT.

CeJIHHH

.lKHJIU

BOHU

LK.UJIU

KaJiaHHHKiB

KaJiyrni,

Bi)J,MiHy B

6iJIH

HKeCh

BOHU

MaJIU

Xopoc-

KaJiaHHUKaMU

CeJIHH

rrpaBa

B03UJIU

CTapo-

3 iJ,YMKOIO )J,eHKHX )1,0

TaTap,

BHKO-

opraHi3aiJ,il.

AJie

,cJiy.lKKaMU",

rrpuBaTHHX

0p)J,UHIJ,iB

IIOXO)J,.lKeHHHM.

BHXO)J,y

rrpaBa

€)J,UHUM BiJihHOrO

BOHU

Ha3UBaJiaCh B

KyrryBaJIU

JlbBOBa

TaTapchKOI 3a

KaJiaHHHKiB,

CJiy.lK6i.

Bi)J,HOIIIeHHH

6yJIH

3YCTpiqa-

(OpiJ,y).

MaJIU

raJiuqa

Bi)J,

HaiipUKJia)J,,

icHyBaJiu

pycLKoro

cy)J,aX,

KOpOJiiBChKiH

pernTKH

HeBiJihHHX

pernTKaMu

o6oB'H3KOM

TaKUX

Mo.lKHa rroro)J,HTHCH

.lK

BOHH me

lxHiM

CaMOBpH)J,yBaHHH

MaJIU

XTO

CTapOCTH,

rpoMa)J,ax

Bi)J,OMO,

CBi)J,qUJIU

m 0

BBa.lKaJIUCh

cBolx

cy)J,oBo

He MOrJIH BHHTH

KOpOJiiBmHHaX.

raJiuqa.

rpoMa)J,ChKe 6y JIO

rrpaB:

BHHHHX BeJiuKux KHH.lKHX MicT. )J,OCJii)J,HHKiB,

JIUIIIe

KOpOJiiBChKi

IIOIIITY.

HeCB06i)J,HUX MorJiu

IIOBUHHOCTi.

Ma€TKaX. a

Map OK,

3eMJii.

6iJihiiie

Op)J,UHIJ,iB

aJie

3eMJii.

3eMJii,

Hie.

rpyrra

HeBiJihHHX CeJIHH rropiBHHHO

IIpO.lKUBaJIU

CBO€

BHKOpUCTOByBaJIU

iJ,YXOBHHX

HaC )J,OKyMeH-

rocrro)J,apcTBo,

)J,O

)],em 0

IIOCi)J,aJIU

CBO€

JILBiBChKiii

qac

rrepio)J,

HeBiJihHHII,TBa

Iii

iHIIIa

IIOCTiHHi

XoxoHeBi

MaJIU

ypi3aB

BHKOHyBaTU

TOM B

rrpuiiHHTH I I 3aMiCTh

CBOIX BJiaCHHKiB),

IIIJIHXTUqy

rrpocuB

rrpuKpirrJieHi

raJIUII,hKOI

HKi

6yJiu

Jiurne

EoBIIIeBi

TaKoro

IIaHiB,

3HaqHo MeHIIIOIO rpyiiOIO 6yJIH

MaJiu

IJOJihiiJj

3aJIUIIIaJIUCH

3a6opryBaB

HeBiJihHHKiB

KOpOJiiBChKHX

ceJIHHH

3po3yMiJio,

mO )J,OHeCJIU )1,0

HeBiJihHHIJ,TBa

Bi)J,

BoHu

IIpOIJ,eoyBaTUCh

6yJIO

p.,

iH.

qacy.

lj>aKTH

lj>aKT,

KaTepuHoiO

3HaK

Bi)J,pi3HHJiaCh KaJiaHHHKH.

cBoro

3aHOTOBaHi

BOHU

KHH.lKoro

IJ,iKaBUU

)J,oqKoiO

rrpuqoMy

3HaqHo ceJIHH

0)J,UH

.lK

HeBiJILHi,

COTHi

CeJIHH.

raJiuquHi

rrpaBa

a6o

Op)J,UHIJ,i,

BiJihHHX

KHHrax

3eMJii.

CeJIHHHH

rrpu6yB

Hi.lK

6yJio,

HecBo6i)J,Hi,

cBolx

Ma€TKax

CBOIX

Ma€TKiB,

rpoMa)J,ax,

aJie

BoJtoiJuMup

180 rrocTyrroBo o6KJiaJIH

BOHH

3JIHJIHCH

pi3HHMH

illHpOKO Bi)J,OMa B KHH3iBCTBa

Ha3Ba

1440-1443

pp.

Ka TeropiiO

OKpeMy

pH)J,OBHMH

rrepio)J,

ceJIHH

cepe)J,HHi

lj>eo)J,aJihHHMH

cT. B

ceJIHHaMH,

KHIBChKOI Pyci 3HHKJia

cy)J,OBHX )J,OKyMeHTaX a

3aKpirraqnJIH

raJIHIIhKO-BOJIHHChKOro

raJIHIIhKHX

H)J,eThCH

TiJihKH

XIV

rrpoTnroM

3ra)J,yeThCH

CeJIHH,

IIOBHHHOCTHMH.

,cMep)J,n"

BHIIa)J,KOBO

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

rrpo

cT.

aKTax.

CMep)J,iB,

o6pa3JIHBHH

JIHIIIe TaK, aJie

B He

BHCJiiB.

"EOJJ:AH TAKI IIOP51JJ:KH HIKOMY H HE CHHJIH C51!" ncaB

BeJIHKHH

ceJiax HiH

rrpau;i

,TiaHIIIHHa

Ilepe6y)J,OBYIOqH JIHIIhKOI

3eMJii

36iJihiiieHHH

KOJIH,

cT. HK

1848

HOBHH

CeJIHH.

Bi)J,3HaqnB,

IIIO

Jia)J,,

raJinqnHi".

IIIJIHXOM

cT.

icTopnq-

IIIJIHXTa

IlOJihChKHH

CHJihHO

rraHIIIHHH

3HaMeHHTiH

rrpn6yTKH

IIOBHHHOCTeH

)J,OCHTh

BBe)J,eHHH

CBOIH

Ta I I CKacyBaHHH

36iJihiiiHTH

HKi

IIIJIHXTnq, 3ayBalKHB

rrepeTBOpHBCH BOJihHHB.

CTBa".

36iJihiiieHHH

IIOBHHHOCTeH

OcKiJihKH

BHyTpiiiiHhOrO

ocHOBHoMy,

aKa)J,eMiK

ra-

pi3Koro

)J,OCJii)J,HHK

,rroHBJIHIOThCH

BHCTyiiaiOTh

pHHKY

HaMara€ThCH

cT.

iforo

CBOIX

CeJIHH,

BlKe

qnHIII

KiHIIi

)J,aHHHH.

BiH

BlKe

JIHIIapH

3a)J,O-

,HaXO)J,HTh CBOrO

po3IIO)J,iJI

p03BHTKY CBOrO

qnHIII

IIIJIHXTHq

p03BHTKY

rrocnJieHHH

paxyHOK

BHTHrHyTH

110Tpe6H

rpeKOB,

)J,OXO)J,iB

TaK

i)J,e

orrnpaBcH

<1>.

3eMJieBJiaCHHKa,

illJIHXH

IIOCHJieHHi

THq

HaCHJihHe CT.

CTOJiiTTH".

,Uo

HaMaraJiaCH

CTpeMJiiHh,

rrpo

rOCIIO)J,apCTBO

crrpaBe)J,JIHBO

HOBHX

TOrO

CBO€

lj>eo)J,aJihHHX

KyTIIIe6a

CJii)J,H

KaMeHHp

raJIHIIhKOI 3eMJii

MiCT,

rOCIIO)J,ap-

rrpau;i

raJIHIIhKHH

rOCIIO)J,apCTBa

picT IIIJIHX-

HKHaif6iJihiiie

IIpO)J,YKTiB. Bnxo)J,nqn raJIHIIhKHX

u;Loro,

ceJIHH

ChKHX

IIOBHHHOCTeH

qnHIII

CKJia)J,aB

)1,0

lKHTa, po60TH

Bi)J,

rpHBHiB,

iHO)J,i i

IIIe

qyTH.

pi3Ko

XIV

6yB

rpoiiieH

cT. 3

HaTypaJihHi

KypKH

6yJIO

rropiBHHHO

BeJIHKHM,

)1,0

rpHBHH

)J,aHHHH

H€IIh

36iJihiiiYIOThCH

cT.

XIV Bi)J, B

IIOBHHHOCTi

po3Mip

CeJIHHChKOrO JiaHy,

CKJia)J,aJIH

)J,eiiiO

cT.

Bi)J,

)J,aBaJIOCH

ceJIHH-

)J,BOPHIIIa

)J,eCHTHHa

)1,0

Bi)J, MipoK

CBHIIIeHHKOBi,

rrpo

ImocmpoeaHa

B XV HOCTHX piBHi MipKH

icmopi5l

cT.

crrocTepiraiOThCH

CeJIHH.

06TH.lKeHHH

BHrJIH)J,aJio .lKHTa

THHH,

IlpuKapnammR.

TaK.

a6o

)J,aBaB

BapTiCTh

IIOBHHHOCTeH

rpoiiii

rpnBeHL,

IlhOrO

iloro

)J,OCJii)J,HHKH

Bi)J,qyJIH Ten.

u;eil

picT

Oco6JIHBO

BHHHKJia

IIIe

KoJIH To6To

6yJIO BOHH

nflycoM.

u;eil

3araJILHa

XIV XV

rri)J,cTaBi

CeJIHHChKHX

OC06JIHBO

HKIIIO

cT. cT.,

)J,OCHTh

Bi)J,po6iTHHX

rraHIIIHHa,

CKJia)J,aJia

p03Mip

IIOMipKOBaHHH,

IIO)J,HMHOrO

rOCIIO)J,apCTBa ypo.lKaiO.

)J,eCH-

He)J,apeMHO

6oJinqe

IIOBHHHOCB

Toil

qac

Hapo)J,i: JIIO)J,HM

3HaJIH

6e3rrJiaTHa

CrroqaTKY BOHa IIOIIIHpiOBaJiaCH

OpaHKa

IIJiaTHB rraHIIIHHH.

IIIO

)J,aBaB

rpHBeHh

)J,HiB

rpOIIIOBHX

KOJIHCh He

rroBHH-

HiMellhKOMY

.lKHTa,

.lKHJIH

rpHBHIO,

IIJiaTHB

rroBHHHOCTeil

o6TH.lKyBaJia

,Uo6pe

MipKH

)J,y.lKe

HKi

IIiCHH

3eMJii

ceJIHHCLKoro

HaTypaJihHHX,

rro6yTyBaJia

IIaHIIIHHa,

CT.

ceJIHHH,

H€IIh,

BHCHOBOK,

po3MipoM

IIpnKaprraTCLKi

<J>eo)J,aJILHHX

qnHIII

CeJIHHChKOrO

03HMoro

3p06HJIH

)J,JIH

rropiBHHTH

raJIHIIhKOI

Bi)J,p06JIHB

O)J,HOrO

3MiHH

rrJiaTHB

Kypeil,

B.lKe

1/3

a6o

IIOBHHHOCTeil"

CBHIIIeHHKa

IIO)J,aTKY

CeJIHH

CeJIHHHH

BiBca,

)J,JIH

3HaqHi

181

ToM

rraHIIIHHH

rrpau;n B

.lKHTH,

ceJiaX

Ha Ha

po6nTH.

rraHa,

rrpo)J,yKT

HiMellhKOMY

iJaBHbOpyCbKOf

rrpaBi.

MiHiamiOpU

XV B

cT.

cepe-

182

BoJtoiJuMup

)J,HHi

cT.

IIocTyrroBo

po3Mip

)J,Bip

lj>opMyJihOBaHi

,UJIH

cT.,

)J,apcTBa, JIH.

TaK:

p03MipH

cT.

Io:O

BOHa

)J,HiB

raJIHllhKOI 3eMJii a

1460

rropyiiiHB THlKHB KiCTh

CeJIHHH

niJihiii

)J,eTaJihHO

IIO)J,iJIHB

3BiCTOK,

CT.

BCi

rrepiiiy

rrepeBalKHO

Me)J,HKH

rpyrry

BXO)J,HJIH

IIIJIHXTH He Ha

3o6oB'H3aHi

6paJIH

yqacTi

BOJIOChKOMY

KOCThOJIOBi, IIJie6aHa BXO)J,HJIH 6yJIO MaliH,

aKTiB

HaHTHlKqi

BiBca

IIOBOJIOBID:HHa

100

36ilKOBe,

OBe£1h.

CeJIHHH a6o

CiJihChKi

KiJih-

XTO

peMiCHHKH

<J>par-

OCKiJihKH IIOBHH-

1566

IIO)J,HMHe

p.,

BiH

CeJIHHH,

rrpaBHJio, CH)J,iJIH CeJIHH

KaTOJIHllhKOrO

O)J,HOrO

TpeTIO

II p 0

rpyrry

HHX

BlKe

IIIIIeHHlli

JIOKOTh

IIJiaTHB

u;e

orroJiqeHHH

o6oB' H3KH

)J,aHHHH

poKy

iloro,

KpiM

IIi)J,BO)J,H,

Io:O

JiaHy.

JiaHy,

ca)J,n6).

THX,

KOpHCTh

Bi)J,

(6y)J,iBHHIITBO,

3araJILHe

IIaHID:HHa.

7 -ro

H€llh,

MaB

raJIHqHHi

lj>eo)J,aJihHHX

BXO)J,HJIH

rpHBHH,

pi3HHX

3eMChKHX,

BHHHTKOM

CeJIHH

Kypeil,

<J>opTellh,

)J,aHHHy.

rpHBeHh

CT.

MaJIH )J,aBaTH

rraHa

IIJiaTHJIH

KOlKHOrO a

36iJihiiiHB

IIIapBapKH

rpyrry

qHHIII

BiH

,o6-

rpyrr.

CeJIHHH

IIIJIHXTH,

IIOBHHHOCTi

MaliH,

Io:O i

IIOBHHHOCTi:

Bi)J,rrpaBH

i1,pyry

CHOIIaMH

IIaHID:HHH,

IIaHID:HHY

CTapOCTBa

po60TH

crrJiaqyBaTH

paHiiiie

)J,epMaBHi

OIIOJiqeHHi

rrpaBi.

MnJioBaHi

CTapOCTy,

ocHoBi

CIIHCKY

raJIHllhKOro

qac

6yJIH

ceJii

T06TO

KopoJiiBChKHX 3aMKiB,

rri)J,

rraHID:HHa

)J,eHh,

O)J,HH )J,eHh

rpO)J,ChKHX

3araJihHOrO

3aMKOBi

MOHaCTHpiO.

3ra)J,aHO

IIpH)J,HBa,

)J,eCHTHHY

rn:a )J,aBaJIOCh Bi)J,

,cTau;i'l",

O)J,HOTHlKHeBy

KepcT.

Ha BHIIa)J,OK rrepel3)J,Y KOpOJIH

Ha3HBaJIOCh

THlK)J,eHh

IIOBHHHOCTHX

IIOBHHHOCTi

peMOHT IIIJIHXeTChKHX i llhOro,

iJIIOCTpau;iil

rpoiiii,

rocrro3pOCTa-

IIaHID:HHH.

IIpnKaprraTTH

BOHH

CKalKyTh".

IIOCTiHHO

CKJia)J,aJia

po6oTaMH",

CeJIHHChKHX

CeJIHHChKi

Ha)J,iJiy.

THlK)J,eHh.

)J,lKepeJiaX

KOJIH

36iJihiiieHHH

CKapMaThCH

)J,OCJii)J,HHK

B3HTHX

1440

3BHqaiiHy"

BOHH

THlK)J,eHh

Bi)J,p06JIHJIH

rn:e

rroJihChKHH

36eperJIOCH

aKTax

lj>iJILBapKoBoro

aJie

CeJIHH

piK

,po6JIHTh,

Micu;eBOCTHX

BlKe

He3BHqaiiHHMH

IIaHID:HHH

MeHTapHHX

CKaprH

ceJIHH.

po3BHTOK

HarrpHKJia)J,,

IIpHHHHTY

HOBHMH

)J,HiB

HOCTeH

CeJIHHH

,)J,aBHO

3YIIHHHBCH

Ha)J,iJiy.

Tpe6a",

HeBeJIHKi,

)J,eHKHX

)J,HiB

o6oB'H3KH

rroqaBcH

6yJIH

3pOCJia,

IIaHID:HHH

HOBi Io:O

TiJihKH

3YCTpiqaiOThCH

cepe)J,HHH

HaCTiJihKH piK

rn:e

cTaHOBHB

Bee

,po6JIHTh,

KOJIH

Ilo)J,eKy)J,H

rraHID:HHH

BH3Haqae

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

BOJia.

)J,BOpH-

6apaH

B030BY

)J,aHH-

rpiiiiMH,

KOJIO)J,il )J,aBaJIH

KOHOIIJIHHOrO

ImocmpoeaHa 1

HY,

Bi3

)J,aHHHY

icmopi5l 4

KOJIO)J,iiB.

,ocnrr"

qeTBepTy

CTaUji

qnHOBHHKiB,

rpyrry

HKi

ID:H3Ha rrepexi)J,

CeJIO

iiiiOB

Jiicax

MJIHHaX,

CeJIHHH

IIJiaTHJIH

ypH)J,OBHMH

(2,5 iHIIIe

HKHH

IIOBHHHOCTeH.

)J,eHKHH

qac qn

KJiaCaM

O)J,py.lKeHHH

3JI.),

306oB'H3aHi

rrpa3HHqHe.

CeJIHHHHa,

BH)J,iB

IIaHiBHHM

3JI.),

CTapOCTBa

)J,aBaTH

IIOMepJioro

KiJihKa

3a p03JiyqeHHH

O)J,HOrO

CBHHeH

yTpHMyBaTH B

)J,OXi)J,

IIaHChKHX

CTOpO.lKiB,

CeJIHH

IIOpaHeHHH

3JI.),

BHIIaC

BXO)J,HJIO

rrpn6yBaJIH

3HaqHHH

IlJiaTHJIOCh

183

ToM

)1,.

o6oB'H30K

qeHHHMH.

JIHIIIe

IlpuKapnammR.

3JI.

BJiaCHiCTh

3aJIHIIIHB

cy)J,OBHMH cy)J,OBHX

(TaK

3BaHa

MOrJIH

)J,OCTaBJIHTH

MOJIOTH

)1,0

rrepeXO)J,HB

.lKO)J,HOrO

Kap.

IIO€M-

CeJia )1,0 MiCTa,

CeJIHHH

IIaHa

)J,Opy-

3a BHXi)J, 3

6yJIH

06i)J,Hi

KOpOJiiBChKHX

)J,BOpy

Ma€TOK

CIIa)J,KO€MIIH

(Bi)J,y-

MepiD:HHa). Y

rr'nTy

IIO)J,aTKH MH

rpyrry

KepcT

IIOJihChKOI KOpOHH,

,Ha)J,3Bnqai1Hi

BiHHaMH

rro6opn",

To6To

iHIIIHMH IIOJiiTHqHH-

IIO)J,iHMH. CeJIHHH

Bi)J,

raJIHIIhKOI

IIOCTiHHHX

HaiiMaHnx

,U.

HeKKep

IIIaroqn

BiilchK.

3arrncaB

TypnHKH

MeMyapncT ChKOMY

3eMJii

Haiia)J,iB

rrniiie,

xy)J,o6oro

rn:o

,Bi)J,)J,iJIH

BeJIHKOI

cTpaiiieHHO

xpeCTOHOCIIi

,IIJIIOH)J,pyiOTh

Bee,

KOJIH

rn:o

IIi)J,)J,aHHMH... OT.lKe,

rroJiiTHKa

pyBaHHH. CBOIX

ripiiie

ceJIHH

KapTHHa

IlOJihChKi

qacy,

piK

CeJIHHH

BiCK,

6iJIH

po36nBaiOTh i

ciJih-

raJinqa,

cKap.lKHJIHCH, CKpHHKH,

B3araJii

Jiicn".

3aB)J,aBaJIH

rn:o

3a6npa-

BYJIHKH,

o6XO)J,HThCH

cou;iaJihHO-eKoHoMiqHoro

TaTapn".

CT.

IIOCHJIHJia

rrpou;ec

rrpou;ec 3a

HKi

TYT

YKpaiHY clj>opMy-

KJiaCOBOrO

paxyHOK

rrpnrHo6JieHHH

3aKpirraqeHHH

0Kyrrau;ii1Ha

3axi)J,HY

IIOpH)J,KH,

36araqyBaJIHCH

rrpaBoBoro

He3aBH)J,Ha.

rrpnxo)J,OM

rrocnJieHoro

rrocHJIIOBaBcH

apMii

6yJIH

Ta6op OM

)J,OMH

rrocrri-

Ha JlhBiBID:HHy,

BTeKJIH

pyiiiHTH,

CTap03BHqaeBi

lj>eo)J,aJIH Ta

3eMJii

IIIJIHXTH

3eMJieBoJio)J,iHh

poKy

MO.lKHa

3a6npa10Th

TypKH

JIHIIIe

ceJIHH. JIIO)J,HM

xpecToHocu;iB

IXH€ BiilcLKo,

IIpHHIIIJIO

CTaBIIIH

po3opeHHH KOpOJiiBChKHX

MaricTpa

KOJIH

KopoJiiBChKOI

6i)J,HHM

raJIHIIhKOI

KHH.lKOrO

p.,

IIIKO)J,H".

Micu;n

rroJihChKOI

3MiHHJia

BaJIHCH

rn:o

IIIKO)J,H

IIOCTOIB

)J,o6yTKaMH

po3opHJIH

Me)J,y,

3araJILHa

CTaHOBHID:a

pi3KO

TiJihKH

3HaXO)J,HTh

BeJIHKoro

1496

BeJIHKOI

rrepeXO)J,iB

rn:o)J,eHHHK,

xpecToHocu;i

10Th

Bi)J,

rrncap

cBiil

KOpOJIIO

HaCeJieHHIO

3a3HaBaJIH

TaTap, TaK,

Ha )J,OIIOMOry

ceJIHHH

o6'e)J,HaB

IIOB'H3aHi

p03IIIa-

36iJihiiieHHH

ceJIHHChKHX

ceJIHH,

Mac.

cT.

184

BoJtoiJuMup

BOHH MH,

6yJIH B

X I Y -XY i

BKpail

TOMY

rrepeo6T1DKeHi

qncJii

cT.

IIaHID:HHOIO.

o6MeMHTH

IIHCaB,

Io:O

qnMpa3 rapi

qacOM

Tpy,ll,HiiiiHM,

pocTyTh

3arrncyiOThCH

BMe

Billi Bcix IX He HaiiiHX

CeJIHH

rrepexi)J,

6yJia

op,ll,HHlli, O)J,He

THMKa,

6yB

CHJIOIO.

Bi,ll,

Kparn:e, B

HiM

cy)J,aX

HiM

TalliH

IIpHCHry

BeJiaCh

3YMiJIHMH HaBiTh

MiClle

rraHiB

<l>paHKO

po6HThCH

3MeHIIIY€ThCH,

KMeTiB

TH-

)J,o6poBiJihHO

KaJiaHHHKH,

rroKH

Bi,ll, Toro

ycH

MHTTH )1,0

XVI

qacy )J,OJIH

HKoro

3a3Ha-

CeJIHH

oqax

IIIJIHXTHqa

,po6aKOM",

po6oqo10

)J,epMaBa.

MOMJIHBOCTi

~:~e

B c e

IIIyKaTH

yBarH,

)J,OKyMeH-

MOBaMH,

He3p0-

rro36aBJIHJIO

3aXHCTY

HarrpHKJia)J,,

MeHIIIe

cy)J,OBa

JiaTHHChKOIO

ceJIHHCTBa.

rri)J,)J,aHoro.

3BepTaJIH

a)J,MiHiCTpaTHBHa H

cMepTh

CeJIHHHHa

IIOJihChKOIO

yKpaiHChKoro

rHiT,

ceJIHHHH

,IIi)J,)J,aHHM",

CTaBHJiaCH

IIIJIHXTHqa,

lj>opMaJihHOI

XrY-XY CT., IIO€,ll,HY€ThCH 3 HalliOHaJih-

KOpOJiiBChKOrO

BHKJIIOqHo

)J,JIH

HaBiTh

3aJieMaJIH

IIOMiiD:HKH,

Ha IIpHCHry

IIO)J,iJI

BiJihHHX

YKpaiHChKHH

,XJIOIIOM",

<J>eo)J,aJia

MiCIIH

IIpOTHrOM

MaeTKax

O)J,HOCTaHHa".

rHo6JieHHHM. a

6araTo

IIi)J,)J,aHHX.

co~:~iaJihHO-eKoHoMiqHnil

THMKHH

JIIO)J,HHOIO,

qepe3

IIOBHHHOCTH-

B)J,aJIOCH

BaMKe rri)J,)J,aHcTBO.

BaJio HaCeJieHHH IlpHKaprraTTH B HO-peJiiriHHHM

O)J,Hy rpyrry

KMeTiB

Billi

BepxiBIJj

3aKpirrHTH

)J,BOpHID:a

3piBHHJIO

Ha,ll,3BHqaiiHo

ceJIHH,

3JIHTH B

o6IIIHp

lj>eo)J,aJihHHMH

IlaHiBHiH

BHXi)J,

pi3Hi Ka Teropii HaCeJieHHH

pi3HHMH

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

Bi)J,

iloro

lj>eo)J,aJiiB

)J,epMaBH. illJIHXTa

Bi)J,BepTo

,ll,yXiBHHIITBO, rn:a

3HeBaMaJia

CTaHOBHID:e

KpiiiOCHOrO

HKOrO

CeJIHHCTBa,

Ha~:~ioHaJILHo-rroJiiTnqHe HOIO

MipOIO

HaCHJihHHM

)J,OIIOBHIOBaJIOCH

rHiT,

IIIJIHXOM

rrepecJii)J,yBaHHH

IIocTyrroBo Haxn.

BipHHMH

CeJIHH

,ll,YXOBeHCTBa IIOCTaMH

MiCTa

BHCTyiiaB

Kpail

CeJia

IIi)),

IlpHKaprraTTH KOJIOHi3allii

Hapo,ll,y

)J,aHHH

IIIJIHXTa

CTaBaJIH

KpaiO.

peJiirii,

rrepio)J,

rroJii-

o60JIOHKOIO, MaJia

MeTi

KChOH)J,3H,

IIpHBiJieHMH,

lj>eo)J,aJiiB

3Haq-

HaCeJieHHH KpaiO.

KaTOJIHllhKi

3eMJieBJiaCHHKiB

3ycHJIJIHMH

CTaHOBHlj>eo)J,aJiiB.

rrpaBOCJiaBHOI B

KOpOHHOrO

3aceJIHJIH

Bi)J,

CBaBOJii

peJiiriHHOIO

flepKBH

ri)J,HiCTh

CBiTChKHX

KaTOJIHIIH3MY

Bi)J,

yKpaiHChKoro

KOpOJiiBChKHMH

MiiD:aH. i

rrpaBocJiaBHe

Bi,ll,pi3HHJIOCH

3aXHCTY

rrpaBOCJiaBHOI

Io:e,ll,pHMH

COI03HHKaMH

CIIJiyaTallii

H HMqe

rrepecJii)J,yBaHHHM

rrpaBa

raJIHllhKHH

Ha)J,iJieHi

MaJIO

pHMO-KaTOJIHIIH3MY.

rrpaBHJIO,

p03TOIITaTH HalliOHaJihHi

MaHMe

rrpnrHo6JieHHH

Haca)J,MeHHHM

THqHnil

rrpaBocJiaB 'H.

BOHH

MO-

CTaJIH

MOpCTOKiH

eK-

KaTOJIHllhKOrO

CBO€pi,ll,HHMH

PeaKlliHHY

lj>op-

)J,iHJihHiCTh

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

po3rOpTaJIH

TYT

IlpuKapnammR.

qepHeqi

Op)J,eHH

JiiTiB Ta

iHIIIHX IM IIO)J,i6HHX,

CTBO )J,O

Bcix HeKaTOJIHKiB,

HHX

HaBiTh

BH3HaBaJIH

rrpaBocJiaBHHX

,rroraH"

)1,0

0cKiJihKH ceJIHHH Hi

HKi IIpOIIOBi)J,yBaJIH

xpncTHHHaMn,

qacy,

CaMe

Hau;ioHaJihHHH

ChKHH

3aJIHIIIHTH I I HK

6yJia

3arap6HHllhKi

iloro rrorrepe)J,HHK

cBi)J,qaTh B

IIOJihChKOI

3HaqHo

3pic

BCHKOrO

)J,y

Mi.lK

BiHChK,

rrpnqnHa

OIIOpy, BOJIIO

pp.

rrpnpiBHIOIO-

6paJIH yqaCTh

BHCBiTJIHTH rroJiiTnq-

IIi)J,HHB

MoJI)J,aBi-

IIOBCTaHHH

IIpHBO)J,y

CeJIHH

rroJihChKOI

rrepe6y)J,OBH 3a

BnpiiiiHJia 3araMy-

III,

1485

KOpOJieBi. 6yJio

rrepeJIOMHHM

IIiBHiqHoi

6oHp

EyKOBHHH.

CeJIHHChKi

<J>eo)J,aJILHoro

MaCH

rocrro)J,apcTBa

Ha.lKHBOIO.

rrpaBa

CeJIHH,

raJIHllhK0-6yKOBHHChKOMY

TH.lKKHH

IIOCTiHHi

Ha)J,3BHqaifHO

He3a)J,OBOJieHHH

Hau;ioHaJihHO-peJiiriHHHH (30KpeMa,

Haiia)J,H

Ba.lKKi

EyKoBHHH.

He3aJie.lKHiCTh.

aJie

CTelj>aH

cT.

3eMJii

MOJI)J,aBChKHX

YropiiiHHH

IIIJIHXeTChKOIO

rrpn6yB

IIOJihChKOMY

IIo-

MOJI)J,aB-

HaMararoqnch

KopoHn,

lj>aKTH,

OJI)J,aBiiO,

OJieKcaH)J,p ,Uo6pnil, IIpHCHry

HaMipn

3arpaBaB

Bi)J, TypKiB.

rroJihChKH-

raJIHllhKOrO

o6cTaHOBlli,

arpecnBHi

3axorrnTH

3acJiiH

rrepeXO)J,H i

TaTapChKHX

YMOBH

U:nMH

.lKHTTH

lj>aKTopaMH

CeJIHH,

Hau;ioHaJihHO-BH3BOJihHOI i

BiJ,pyre,

MOJI)J,aBChKHMH

ycrriiiiHO

raJIHllhKOI

IIIJIHXTH

BepxiBKH

IIiBHiqHoi

rOJIOBHa HOrO

Hepi)J,KO IIepeTH-

IIOKYTChK0-6yKOBHHChKOMY

pou;i

po)J,y II03aeKOHOMiqHi lj>aKTOpH

CTBOpHJIH

rraTTH

cT.

I I OJihiii ero

Mi.lKHapO)J,HiH

HaBe)J,eHi

ceJIHH

CTaHOBHIIIe

IIIJIHXeTChKHX JIHXa)

rrpoTH

CTap03BHqaeBoro

6e3rrpaBHe

Mi.lK

Bi)J,6nBaB

BaCaJihHY

BHacJii)J,oK

IIaHiBHOI

JlOMKa

cT.,

arreTHTH

BHIIIe

icTopii

HacTyii

IIOrOHi

rocrro)J,ap

CKJiaB

Heo6xi)J,HO

cyrrepeqKH

III

HKa

rrepio)J,OM

TypeqqnHH

I I OJihiiieiO,

14 9 0

CKJia)J,HiH

CTelj>aH

He6e3rreKoiO

KoJIOMHIO

rrpe3Hp-

Myxa.

rreBHHH BaTH

He pycnH".

14 9 0-14 9 2

KOHij>JiiKTH

)J,e

BHHHKaJIH

rocrro)J,ap

qac

KapMe-

IIpaBocJiaB-

)J,.lKepeJiax

xpecTHJIH

Bi)J,6yBaJIHCH

TaM,

MaHeBpyroqn

rrepe)J,

EyKoBHHH,

cepe)J,HHH

rrpaBHTeJIHMH

KYTTH.

30KpeMa

repoil

IIoqnHaroqn MH

,u;e xpncTHHHHH,

KaTOJIHIITBo,

OCHOBHOMY

rrorpaHnqqi,

3BepxHiCTh

,cxH3MaTHKaMn".

Hau;ioHaJihHOMY IIOBCTaHHi

Toro

HKi

lj>paHu;icKaHiB,

(H3HqHHKiB).

IIpnKaprraTTH,

rro)J,ii

ero,

185

)J,OMiHiKaHu;iB,

Ha3HBaJIH IX

TparrJIHIOThCH rrpoTHCTaBJieHHH raroqn

ToM

Op)J,, CeJIHH if

HapOCTaHHH

6opOTh6H

CeJii, rHiT,

IIOCTOI

CTHXiHHi IIpHKap-

rroncHIO€ThCH aHTHij>eo)J,aJih-

yKpaiHChKOrO

Hapo-

186

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

IIPABOBI BIJJ:H OCllHll Y f AJillQbKill 3EMJII XV raJIUII,hKiii TyiJ,il, BaX, qu

XIV

rn:o

KHHMoro

3BaHUM

rrpaBoBy

HHp,

CBOI

PycLKi

BMe

IJ,HX

qucJii

3eMJIHX

CIO)J,H

)J,iHJIO

€Bpel,

ycix

3eMeJih,

6oKiB

IlaHaMU Ilo

KpaiO

,BOJIOChKiM"

6yJIH

niMIJ,i

rrpaBi,

rOJIOBHa

LK.u)J,u

CJIOBOM,

rn:e

BOHU

na Bi)J,

o6iK

qaCTh

IBaH

KaMe-

nux

3BiJILHa

Harnoro CBOI

qaciB

ceJia, -

,rrpaBa". rrpaBy.

ropax

oca)J,Meni

pyCHHU

rrpaBoM,

BaBiJIOHChKa

CB0-

KpaiO

IIOJihChKOMY

HKi

rroMaJiy.

J>oraTCTBO

rrpaBi.

JIIO)J,HOCTi

CBOIM

rrpaB)J,UBa

)1,0

IIi)J,JIHraJIU

pycLKHX

rrucaB

TaKOlK

,niMeiJ,LKiM"

cy)J,HJIHCH

6yJia

CIO)J,U

Q10

TUX IIOJihChKUX,

IIpUBa6JIIOBaJIU

IIpUHOCUJIU

IIOJIHKU

3)J,a€ThCH,

rrpaBy.

O)J,HUM

UJ:O

oceJiuJiucn

6yJiu,

pycLKOMY

IIOJIOHUH

OCa)J,HHKiB,

MicTax

Ili)J,rip'ro

JiiciB,

BOJIOChKe

Bi)J,6yBaBcH

aJie

rrpaBa.

BipMeHU.

HaCa)J,MyBaHO iHIIIi, UJ:O IIOMaJiy IIpUrJiyiiiyBaJIU CTapi. 6i)J,HUX

TaK

rraniB

rrpe)J,cTaBUB

Pyci,

BiKy,

Bi)J,pa3y,

CBOIM,

niMeiJ,LKe

o6pa3HO

XVI

iHCTU-

rroqunaro-

rroJihChKHX

IIOpH)J,KiB )1,0

KiHeiJ,h

panirne,

IloKyTTi,

HiMIJ,i,

raJIUIJ,hKiii

pyChKUX

rrpaBOBi

eKOHOMiqHUX YMO-

rroJihChKe

B)J,aJio

nuni

3Mineni

pi3Hi

KopucTyBaJiocn

OTpUMaJIU aJie

rri)J,

6y JIH

rrpuxo)J,OM

TOMY

qepBoniu,

TBep)J,o

icnyBaJIU

IIOJiiTuqnux i

BBO)J,HTHCH

KopoTKo,

narniu

rropH)J,KH

rrpaBa

rrepexi)J, Bi)J, CTapUX

3JIOMHJIHCH

CT.

naceJieHHH

rroqaJiu

OKOJIUII,HX,

Mirnanuny

MiciJ,eBe

rrpaBoM,

MiCTaX

<l>panKo.

c<J>opMyBaJiuch

rrocTyrroBo

ripChKUX

rrpaBO,

CKJiaJIUCH TYT

qacy

pycLKHM

cT.

3eMJii

HKi

CT.

IIi)J,JIHraJia

BipMenu

3MiiiiaHUHa

CBOIM, rrpaBHUX

IIOpH)J,KiB" HKrn:o pene,

MeiJ,hKUM JiiB,

XIII-XIV B

rrpaBaMU,

OCKiJihKU

IIOCTYIIOBO

cT.

CT.

BOHO

UJ:O

JiiKBi)J,yBaTU

KOpOJiiBUJ:UHaX.

y3aKOHIOBaJiu 3yBaJiu

rrpaBo

36iJihiiiyBaTU

CTapOBUHHO-pyChKi

niMeiJ,LKe

naceJieHHIO

CBO€

IIOCTaHOBU

rroJihChKe

pycLKe

IIOJihChKUX

Hi-

lj>eo)J,a-

IIaHyBaHHH, i

BCe

CTapOCTUHChKOMY ypH)J,O-

CeUMOBi i

rrornu-

IIOJihChKUM

rpoMa)J,ChKi IIOpH)J,KU

IIpUBaTHUX Ma€TKaX i

KopoJiiBChKi

6yJio )J,OCHTh

3aMiHHJIOCH

BHri)J,HUMU )J,JIH

MOlKJIHBiCTh

rrpuneceni

yKpalnchKOMY

pycLKe

iHTeHCUBHO

6yJIH )J,yMe

)J,aBaJIU

IIi)J,KOpHTU lj>eo)J,aJiy B

roJIOBHe

rrpaBa,

rrpaBo,

rn:o,

BCe

6iJihiiie

3Haqno HK

ypi-

Bi)J,3Haqa€

ImocmpoeaHa I.

icmopi5l

<J>paHKO,

rpoMa)J,i a6o

,)J,e

3HaqHy

OTaMaHa,

rpoMa)J,U, BaJia

pyChKa

JIH

JIIO)J,HiCTh IIIJIHXTa

6y)J,yBaJIU

BOHU

rroJihChKe

IIUIIIe CH,

IJ,e

IIOKU B

IIOpH)J,Ky TaKO.lK

1435

KiHIJ,i

110

TaKHM

3eMJii

3aiiaHyBaJIO

6yB

rrpaBa". II036yTHCH <J>eo)J,a-

o6Jia)J,HyBaJIU KpaiO,

)J,OTU

eKOHOMiq-

rrpo

IOpU)J,UqHy

iioro

olj>iiJ,iHHO

)J,O

KiHIJ,H

peiiiTH

o6iK

nJIH

3MiiJ,HiBIIIH

6yJio

HeBeJIHKi

KO.lKHOrO

rroJihChKi

Ma€TKaX,

quM

qJieHaMU

ID: 06

Ha HiMeiJ,hKiM rrpaBi BCe

BBe)J,eHO

cT.,

36iJihiiiY€Th-

CTapopyChKOrO

IIaHID:H3HHHHX

THrapiB

cy)J,iBHHII,TBO". rrepeJIOMHHM

IIOJihChKOrO

HaceJieHHH,

TiyHa

BJiaCTHMU.

raJIUII,hKOMY

aJie,

)J,aBaJIO

p03CY)J,.lKy-

pyChKOrO

IloKu

IIUTaHHH

rrporraJIU

(iJ,OMiHiaJibHe)

1435

rrpaBO,

3B'H3KY

OCeJih He

BBe)J,eHHHM

yKpaiHChKoro

rrepe)J,

3YCHJih,

KOpOJieM

raJIUII,hKiii

,qucJIO

Bi)J,IIOBi)J,aJia

rrpaBa.

roJioBy,

ypH)J,HHKiB)

IIOHeBOJieHOMY

rrpaBa,

30BCiM

quHoM

KaprraTTH.

co6i

IIOO)J,UHOKUMU

IIOKU)J,aTUCH

IIOCTaBUJIU

CeJiaX

IIaHChKe

pa30M

MaKCHMYM

CTapOBUHHe

BOHU

Mi.lK

IIaHaMU

Hei pycLKoro

JIIO)J,HOCTi,

BU6paHUX i

XOTiJia

Ha)J,aHUX

)J,JIH

Bu6upaJia

3eMJIIO

qJieHaMU

HiMeiJ,LKe

<J>paHKO,

caMa

qepe3

)J,OKJia)J,aJia

)J,JIH

IIOJiiTUqHo,

JiiKBi)J,aiJ,iiO.

3aMKU

TeprriJIH

KOpUCHe

BOHa

IIOCTOpOHHiMH

p03MiiD:yBaJIUCH

rn:e

CBOIMU

HeBuri)J,Horo

)J,BOpH,

6yJIO

187

ToM

p03)J,iJIIOBaJia

(BiqeM,

rrepe)J,

IJOJihChKa IJ,horo

qoMy

CaMa

Mi.lK

qJieHa

TOrO

caMoyrrpaBy;

CaMa

CBapu

ChOrO

IlpuKapnammR.

oco6JiuBo

rrpaBa

rrpaBoBiii

cucTeMi

IIOCUJIUJIOCH

roJIOBHOI I I Macu

Ilpu-

rH06JieHHH ceJIHHCTBa

MiiD:aHCTBa.

aKTOBHX

HiB,

rn:o

aJie

IJ,e

KHurax

Ha3uBaiOTh B.lKe,

BJiyqHUM

,ocKOJIKH

raJIHIJ,hKOI

TH",

HKi

rrpaBOBOMY

yKpaiHChKi

reuHOIII'

uoro

MaJIU

.lKHTTi

IluTaHHH

r Jiu6oKoro CeJia

cy)J,iB

ceJIHH

BHCJIOBOM

cTapoBuHu", .lKO)J,HOI

3Haxo)J,HMO

pycLKoro aKa)J,eMiKa

,ocKOJIKH

Baru

rrpaBa

IIOJihChKi

icTOpUKU

PyH)J,IIITaiiH, n.

rpeKOB,

CTapOBUHU BuBqeHHH pycLKHM

6araTo

cTaporo

TepMi-

1435

rricJIH

cycrriJihHOMY,

pycLKoro

ill.

rn:e

rrpaBa

rpeKOBa, pycLKoro

p.,

6yJiu .lKHT-

eKOHOMi qHoMy

KpaiO.

3aJIHIIIKiB

aKa)J,eMiK

,raJIUII,hKOI

rpo)J,ChKHX

KaTeropii

Ma€

icTopii

rrpaBoM

aJie HKHH

TOpKaJiucn

JlUHHUqeHKO' Haii6iJihiii BBa.lKaB,

OC06JIHBY ceJIHH

CBOIX

rpyiiieBChKHH,

rpyHTOBHO rn:o

BUBqeHHH

rri3HaBaJihHY

rrpaiJ,HX

po3rJIHHYB 3aJIUIIIKiB

IJ,iHHiCTh"

)J,JIH

OKOJIHIJ,Hx,

Ko-

Pyci.

36eper JIHCH

rri)J,ripchKHX

JIHIIIHix KHH3iBChKHX cJiy.lK6oBux oceJIHX. Xoq rrpaBoBa pycLKa IIICTHTYID:H

BoJtoiJuMup

188 B

u;nx

JioBi,

ceJiax Bee

rrpHKJia)J,i B

1541

u;iro

IIHX

XIV

PychKOro

Oca)J,a

IIaHa,

p03)J,iJIHB

CTaBaB rrpaBO

roJIOBHa

pi3HHIIH

IIOBHHHOCTeH Ha

IIOBHHHiCTh

rroTiM )J,iJIHJia I I MilK BH3HaqaB JielKHO IIaHa,

)J,aHHHy,

Bi)J, BiH

CeJIHH,

iloro

)J,OXO)J,iB

Bi)J,

ne3rrepeqHo' rrepiiie,

qepe3

IIOBHHHOCTeH. He

JIHIIIe

MJIHHiB,

Hai16iJihiiie

COJITHCa

BiH

Ilo-)J,pyre,

BapKOBOrO

o;eil

lj> aKTOp

Toro

Mir

ceJiax

Oca)J,qnil

(HKHH,

KyrryBaB

cy)J,)J,eiO

JiiciB

HHMH

OCa)J,i.

rrpaBaMH

rpoMa)J,y,

IIIO)J,O

lj>eo)J,aJihHKa

rrpaBa

CeJIHHHHOBi

p03Mip

IIOBHHHOC-

CeJiaX

HiMellhKoro

6yB

COJITHCa

BH3HaqaB

MilK

BCIO

CaM a

coJITHC

OKpeMO

rrepiiiHM IIITpalj>iB,

3a-

rroMiqHHKOM qHHIIIiB

Bi)J,

iH.

BHrpaBaB

IIIJIHXTHq

6yB )J,ylKe

3eMJii.

pyChKHX

cy)J,OBHX

BIIJIHBaTH

Terrep

CoJITHC

CTaBiB,

raJIHllhKiH

OCeJii)

KOlKHOMY

paxyHOK

,Top-

rrpaBo,

rrpocTa.

IIIJIHXTHq-BJiaCHHK. 36iJihiiieHHH

Mir

3a )J,OIIOMororo )J,BipchKOI o6cJiyrn,

rroceJieHo;iB:

BalKJIHBHM

o6po6JIHTH

I I 0-

CeJIHHChKHX CBOI

Ha)J,iJIH

il rrpn )J,OIIOM03i ceJIHHIIpH p03IIIHpeHHi

lj>iJih-

)J,eHKi

HaMa-

rocrro)J,apcTBa.

,I(ocJii)J,MyiOqH raJIHCH )J,OBeCTH, JIHKi

po6oTy

Ha-

TiJihKH

6araTo

HiMellhKHM

KOJIH

3araJihHO

3eMJieBoJio)J,iHHH.

36araqyBaBCH

p03IIO)J,iJIHTH

IIIO

ceJIHHaMH,

qHHIII,

CIIpaBH,

aJie

HiMellhKe

IIOCeJieHo;iB,

PYChKHM

IIpH)J,iJIHJiaCh

6pa-

KOMIIeTeH-

rrpoMHBae

a)J,MiHiCTpaTOpOM

TOMy,

,Bee

CYMH,

3aJielKHiCTh

cT.

BOHH

6yJia

MilK

CeJIHH,

MilK

IIOJIHraJia B

rrpo

opraHi3ao;iiO

rOJIOBHHM cy)J,HTH

rpoMa)J,ChKi ceJIHHaMH,

IIOIIIHpiOBaTHCH BMe

rrpaBi

JiaHH

rpH£1hKO

ypH)J,y.

aKTiB

KYIIJieHi

CoJITHC

MilK

TpaiiJIHIOThCH

rrpaBO

IIepeMHIIIJihlliH-

MnchKO JIHTBHH,

CBi)J,qHTh

rroqnHa€

HiMellhKOMY

OTpHMaB

3acTocoByBaJIOCh

TopcLKa".

!1,pi6Hi,

<J>eo)J,a-

MOMHa rro6aqnTH

IIaiiiKeBHq,

rpoMa)J,a

IIIO

KOpOJiiBChKOrO

)J,eCHTHHH

Ti.

CTapOCTH,

TYT

IIaiiiKeBnq,

,BcH

cyrrepeqKH

raJIHllhKHX

U:e

TopKH

Kaprro

po3rJIH)J,aTH

BO€BO)J,CTBa.

ciJI

MaB

ceJia

TiyH

rri)J,rropH)J,KOBaHa

rrpaBa.

crrpaB

IIeTpo

raJIHqHHi

3ri)J,HO

3p03yMiJio, y

3eMJii,

Bi)J,

CT.

HKOMY

ciJI

BXO)J,HJIO

rrpaBa"

6yJia

cy)J,OBHX

crrpaBax

HaKa3y"

BMe

KHHMoro

6yJIH:

PoroBnq

rrpo)J,alK

,ypH)J,OBOrO

cy)J,i

cy)J,OBHX

cy)J,iB

IIpHKJia)J,,

ChKOrO

cT.

36eperJIH )J,eHKi

rrpn po3rJIH)J,i

THMKa

yqacTh

cTapoBHHHoro p.

rrpaBo".

rrpHCHMHi Jia

XIV

cepe)J,HHi

rpoMa)J,H

Hi.

TopCbKe

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

)J,aHHHH,

rrpaBOBe Haqe6TO

qHHIIIi

rroro)J,MyBaJIHCH

CTaHOBHille CeJIHHHH

cy)J,HBCH

icTopnKoM

Ha M.

CeJIHH,

Ha HiMellhKOMY Mico;i.

iCTOpHKH

rrpaBi

BHXO)J,HqH

IIJiaTHB

llhOro,

HeBe-

BOHH

BJia)J,HMipchKHM-ny)J,aHoBHM,

HKHH

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

CTBep)J,.lKyBaB,

UJ:O

IlpuKapnammR. HiMellhKe

caMocTiilrroi yrrpaBH i

cy)J,y,

rrpaBO i

189

ToM

II036aBJHIJIO

CeJIHHChKY

rpoMa)J,y

qepe3 BBe)J,eHHH rrpnBaTrroro rocrro)J,ap-

CTBa rra6Jin.lKaJio rroceJierru;iB )J,O cTarroBnrn:a Kpirrocrroro JIIO)J,y. Ha rrarn rrorJIH)J,, apryMeHTH BJia)J,HMipcLKoro- ny)J,aHoBa 6iJihlll rrepeKOHJIHBi. II po Te,

UJ:O TaKHH

ycTpiil,

T06TO IIOCeJieHHH

Ha HiMellhKOMY rrpaBi,

"6yB

)J,y.lKe rra pyKy IIIJIHXTi, 6o II03BOJIHB Iii rrailrnBH)J,rne 3aBO)J,HTH no ceJiax TaKi IIi)J,)J,aHChKi IIOpH)J,KH, HKi 6yJIH B IIoJihUJ:i", IIHCaB I.

<l>paHKO.

IIpH )J,OCJii)J,.lKeHHi aHTHij>eo)J,aJihHOrO IIOBCTaHHH CeJIHH IIi)], IIpOBO)J,OM

Myxn

rrpnBepTae )J,O

IIOIIIHpiOBaTHCH

ce6e

yBary

raJIHllhKOMY

BOJIOChKe

rrpaBo,

HKe

rroqaJio

IIpnKaprraTTi B XIV CT., Toqrrirne

13 7 8 p. (3ri)J,HO rpaMOTH BoJIO)J,HCJiaBa OrroJihChKoro). Mn rre 6y)J,eMO TOpKaTHCH

IIHTaHHH IIOXO)J,.lKeHHH llhOrO rrpaBa,

IIOJieMi3yiOTh )J,OCJii)J,HHKH, TepHCTHKY BOJIOChKOMY Ear a To

rrpaBy

rra

IIpnKaprraTTi B

oca)J, BOJIOChKoro rrpaBa

ChKiil

3eMJIHX,

3eMJii

Me Hille,

IIoKyTTi.

3ri)J,HO

U:e

Ha)J, HKHM 3)J,aBHa

a TiJihKH B 3araJihHHX pncax )J,aMO xapaKXIV -XV

6y JIO B Cnrrou;LKiil i

)J,OKyMeHTaJihHHX

IIOHCHIO€ThCH THM,

cT.

IIepeMHIIIJih-

)J,aHHX,

UJ:O )1,0 HaC

raJIHllhKiH He

)J,iHIIIJIH

icTopnqrri )J,aHi rrpo p03BHTOK llhOrO rrpaBa Ha MOJI)J,aBChKO-IIOJihChKOMY rrorparrnqqi.

raJIHllhKiil 3eMJii rrai16iJihlll

rrornnperre BOJIOChKe rrpaBo

6yJio B XV cT. ,UocJii)J,HHKH rraJiiqyroTh nona)],

50 ciJI, rn:o KepyBaJIHCH

HHM: (ceJia OJierna, niJIKa, IIi)J,railu;i, MapKOBO, IIi)J,rOpO)J,)J,H, qeCHHKH, JinrrHHKH,

BoJiqKiB,

BoJIOChKe

rrpaBo

3aJiaHiB,

EyKiBrra, XoM'HKiBKa Ta in).

rra)J,3Bnqanrro

rra6Jin.lKerre

)J,O

pycLKoro.

YBa.lKHe

BHBqeHHH a)J,MiHiCTpaTHBHO-rpoMa)J,ChKHX i cy)J,OBHX lj>yHKlliH y CeJiaX, UJ:O .lKHJIH

eJieMeHTH

BOJIOChKOMY

IIOJihChKOrO IIo-)J,pyre, ciJI,

rrpaBi,

pycLKoro rrpaBa.

)J,a€

rrpaBa,

OCa)J,qHMH

BOJIOChKi

OCa)J,H,

CHCTeMi,

rra

BBa.lKaTH,

HK rrpaBHJIO,

He IIOMipHHi

UJ:O

TYT

IIHX

ciJI

6yJIH

(roJIOBHHH IIOKa3HHK IX II 0-TpeT€,

u;e

yKpaiHlli.

opraHi30BYIOThCH Ha

rpyHTH).

HaHBHi

Bi)J,Mirry Bi)J, rriMellhKoro

yrrpaBHTeJIHMH

HKi 6yJIH Ha pyChKOMY rrpaBi

)J,BOpHUJ:HiH

IIi)J,CTaBy

IIo-rreprne,

3pa30K

HK i IIpH OC06JIHBO

Ba.lKJIHBO, CHCTeMa yrrpaBJiiHHH Ha BOJIOChKOMY rrpaBi OIIHpaJiaCH rOJIOBHHM

qnrroM

Pa)J,ornnq 3a

rra Micu;eBe,

cTapo3BnqaeBe

rrpaBo.

TaK,

rrpnBiJiei ceJia

1441 p. 3arrncarro, rn:o cTaprnnrra i ceJIHHH )J,aHoi BOJIOChKOI

oca)J,H 3o6oB'H3arri cy)J,HTHCH ,Jinrne CBOIM pycLKHM rrpaBoM". OqeBH)J,Ho, Micu;eBi rro6yTOBi Tpa)J,Hllii' 6y Jill rn:e CHJihHi y .lKHTTi ciJI Ha BOJIOChKOMY rrpaBi.

BoJIOChKi ceJia 3aiiMaJIHCH Bi)J,ro)J,iBJieiO xy)J,o6n i

u;Loro oprarri3oByBaJIH CBOI rracTyrni rocrro)J,apcTBa.

Bi)J,rroBi)J,HO )J,O

BoJtoiJuMup

190 CeJia, qoJii

rn:o MHJIH

rpoMa)J,H

OTaMaH,

BiH

KiJihKa

3eMJii

2-5

JiaHiB,

KopoJiiBUJ:HHax

BeJIHKi

rrpaBa,

aJie

He3BHqaifHO ChKiH 3aHi

i )1,0

CTaBHJIO

pycLKOMY,

IICTpyrH,

KopncTh

TaK,

CKJia)J,aJIH

ciJihChKoro

cT.

Hhoro

IIpO)J,OBMyBaJIO HaBiTh

)J,eHKHX cT.,

CeJiaX

30KpeMa,

xapaKTepHCTHKH TH

BHHBJieHi

rrpo

cy)J,OBi

MaJIH Bo,

Bi)J,rroBi)J,HO

)J,OKa30M rrpaBo,

)J,O

1/2 )J,Hi 3a

CHpH,

rporna. TOJIOKH.

xapaKTe-

BOJIOChKe

Tpa)J,Hllil

Jierrna

3HHKHeHHH

BH)J,HO

BOJIOChKHX

ciJI

rrpa-

ocTaH-

qacTKOBO

YcTilj>y, cy)J,OBHX

cBolx

rroBHOBaMeHh,

,rrpncnra"

HKHH

yci

15 56

,UJIH

CJIYMHp.

3aiiH-

(CMiJihHHIIH,

IIOKpHB)J,MeHi

BOJIOChKe

BnpoK.

3BepTaJIO y

cepe)J,HHi

IIporniKy, Jlorryrn-

Cy)J,oBe

BHHOCHJIO

15 56

rrpaBa

IIpOTOKOJiiB,

rrpaBoM.

TaK,

crrpaBax.

CeJiaX MOMYTh

EaH)J,poBi,

IIHJihHO

rri)J,cy)J,Horo.

rn:e

KHHrax

BOJIOChKOrO

BOJIOChKHM

)J,i€

KpHMiHaJihHHX

rpO)J,ChKHX

pH)J,i

Eepern,

aKTHBHO

HaBiTh

rrepe)J,

HeBHHHOCTi,

6y Jia

rricJIH

Jl:pyrHM CeJIHH

BOJIOChKi

3araJioM,

U:e

IIOBHHHOCTi

IIJiaTHB

IIOBHHHOCTeH

pyChKi

)J,OCJii)J,HHK

CTOpOMi.

HiM

Bi)J,6yBaJIH

HKe

JlhBiB-

306oB'H-

)J,aJieKo

JiaHa, MaB,

3HaJIH.

CIIJiaTH

rrpaBO

CaMoyrrpaBJiiHHH

JIK

rrpaBa,

IIHBiJihHHX i

IIp0£1e)J,ypH

Y CTpiKH).

ceJIHHH

ceJia

rrepeMHIIIJihChKHX

cKapMHTHCH

Bi)J,

XTO

HaCeJieHHH.

~:~e

rn:e

cT.

KopocHo, JincKoBaTe, HHIIH,

cTaprnHHH

BOJIOChKe B

UJ:O

I I epeMHIIIJihUJ:HHi

6apaHH

MaJia

BOJIOXiB.

6yJIH

CTaHOBHUJ:e, rrpaBax,

CTap03BHqaeBi

XVII

CBHHeH,

pycLKoro

XVI

Kparn:e

qacTHHH

cTapocTBY

IIi)J,KpeCJIIO€

BiHChKOBOrO

14 8 7

cy)J,oqHHCTBa,

Te,

CT.

lj>yHKllil rrorpaHHqHo!'

a)J,MiHiCTpa-

6iJILIIIi

IIpHBiJiei

CeJii.

KepyBaB

rpoMa)J,a

6yJIO

cepe)J,HHi

HaBeCHi

rri)J,KOpHJIHCH

ypi3yBaJia

HiMellhKOMY

BOJIOChKi

BiH

piK

lliJioMy

BOJIOXiB

po)J,y

piqHo

Bi)J,

pi3HOBH)J,HiCTh

XVI

MOMJIHBO,

BOJIOXiB

)J,aHHMH

)J,eCHTHHa

)J,JIH

rn:e

qoJii,

rroci)J,aJIH

qacTKOBO

IIIJIHXTa

HKiCh

CBOrO

CTaBHB

a)J,MiHiCTpallii, -

BOHH

rroJihChKOMY

CeJIHH-BOJIOXiB

IlaHUJ:HHH

pH)J,H

HKHH

IIOBHHHiCTh.

poM

BOHH

TiByH

cy)J,oqHHCTBa

BHpirnyBaJIHCH

KpaiiHHKH

HBHUJ:eM

3eMJii

BHKOHyBaJIH

lj>aKTOpOM,

HKHX

yrrpaBJiiHHH.

HK pyChKHH

JI:Biqi

<J>eo)J,aJiy-BJiaCHHKY.

IIOCTYIIOBO

cBoe

KpaHHHKOM

Ha i

BiHChKOBOI IIOBHHHOCTi,

JlHHHHqeHKO,

cT.

MaJIH

rrpaBOM,

)J,aHHHy.

360pH,

lliKaBHM

raJIHllhKiH

KHH3i

a6o

a)J,MiHiCTpallil

IIJiaTHJIH

crrpaBn.

rrpaBi,

TaKHM

KpaiHY

CeJia

cy)J,OBi

lj>yHKIJji

Bi)J,6yBaJIHCH

THBHi

TBOpHJIO

HOMY

BOCeHH

KHH3h

3)J,iHCHIOBaB

OCa)J,

KHH3HMH,

Ha BOJIOChKOMY

CTOHB

Fpa 6oeeu, bJW i1

rrpa-

BaMJIHBHM

yBary HKoroch

BOJIOChKe ceJIHHHHa

ImocmpoeaHa TnMKa

icmopi5l

JiorryiiiHHIJj

rrpncy~HJIO

rrpaBO TaB".

3ri~Ho

To~i,

MYCHB

3arrncaHo

rOCTpO

"BHHy"

Ba.lKKi

BJiaCHHKa

rrpaBa

Bi~

THX

CIIJiaTH

rropiBHHHO

qnHIIIY

OrJIH~Y

.lK,

BOJIOChKOMY

,Ha,l],

IIeBHi

BoJIOChKe He

rrpncnroro

CKOpHC-

oqnmaBcH

IIOBHHHOCTi

lj>eo~aJia

CTaHOBHIIIe

CeJIHH

XV -XVI

iJIIOCTpa~:~ift

TIOTOKaMH",

,Uo

TOrO

.lK

"IIiJihrH" 1

OCHOBHHX

~eHKY

IIOJihChKHM

BHHHHft rrpncy-

rpHBeHb".

qacTKOBY Ha

rrpaBO

po36HpaJIHCH

rrpo

Bce-TaKH

B6HBCTBO

100

He3Ba.lKaroqn

IIaHIIIHHH 1

KOpHCTh

rrpaBi.

IIpOBHHH

li)KaB0 1

rrpncyT-

3aJie.lKHiCTh 3aJie.lKHiCTh

XVI

cT.

6yJio

rrpaBOM.

rocrro~apCTBi HKHX rrepeBa.lKaJIO TBapHHHHII-

Jieriiie

rrpaBi"

BOHO

HiMellhKHM

6yJIO

Bee

rrpaBO

3aKJia~OM

,Ha

CT.,

HKHMH

lj>eo~aJihHHX

CeJiaX,

ciJI.

MaCOBa

OCHOBHOMY IIpOXO~HJia Ha

60-x

Jiicax",

OTpHMyBaJIH

Bi~

poKax

XVI

cT.

"Ha cnpoMy Kope-

aJie

KOpOJIH

Ha ~eHKHft

3BiJihHHJIHCh

BOJIOChKHX

IIpnKaprraTTH

TIOJI.HHax",

IIOCeJieHlli

3BO~HJIHCh

CeJIHH

KepiBHHKiB y

KopoJiiBIIIHHH

BH~Ho, HK oca~qi ceJIHHH 3aceJIHIOTh

rrpaBi.

KypeiL

"BHHHHft

"TnMKO

CBi~qHTh

IIIO

IIIJIHXTH,

CeJiaX,

"IIi~

KOJIOHi3alliH Ha llpHKaprraTTi B

Hi",

Kypeft

~pi6Hiiiii

"BOJIOChKOMY

Bi~

rrpaBa

Maft.lKe

BOJIOChKe

rpHBeHh 1

Ma€TKY 1

BOJIOChKHX

191

Kpa~i.lKIJj

rrpoToKoJii,

KapaJIO

<J>eo~aJiiB.

BOJIOChKoro JieriiiHM 1

IIpOBHHH

HOCTi

TB01

IIIO

Bi~IIOBi~aTH"

"rOJIOBOIO

~.lKyBaJIO

o6BnHyBaqeHo

IIpHCHrHyTH 1

ToM

rrpaBa"

0co6JIHBO

IIIO

IlpuKapnammR.

qac

BOJIOCLKOMY qn

CTapOCTH

( 10-2 0

poKiB)

IIOBHHHOCTeft.

MICTA f AJillQbKOI 3EMJII B XIV-XV CTOJIITT51X iKaBa icTopin MicT THX,

aJie,

OJIOril, MnxaftJIO

raJinq,

KHH.lKOMY

Ha .lKaJih 1 Maft.lKe

BHHHTKOM

rpyiiieBChKHft

Maft.lKe MicTa

KiHIIH CHHTHH,

CTaTyci,

yrrpaBJiiHHH

CBOift

XIV

T06TO

cToJiiTTH

HaBiTh

CBOI

BHBqeHa

6araTOTOMHift Bci

XIV -XV cToJiiT-

yKpaiHChKift

eKCKypciB,

HKi

icTopi-

3~iftCHHB

"IcTopil YKpaiHn-Pycn".

KOJIHIIIHi

TncMeHHIIH

CHCTeMa

BCi

HeBeJIHqKHX

KoJIOMHH,

36epiraJia

eKOHOMiqHoMy

MicTeqoK IIpnKaprraTTH B

JiiTorrncHi

3aJIHIIIaJIHCh

rrpn

rpa~n CBO€MY

a~MiHiCTpaTHBHO-TepHTOpiaJihHOrO

rpa~OBi

IIOJiiTHqHoMy

lj>yHKllii,

HaiipHMi.

TOMY

qncJii

BoJtoiJuMup

192

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

rpa)J;ChKi MYJtd, HKi ITi)J;TpHMyBaJIU B MHHYJIOMY Ha IIpOTUBary 6oHpaM

KHH3iBChKY

TopriBJii

BJia)J;y,

TpUMaJIU B

a)J;MirricTpaTHBHOMY

CBOIX

pyKaX

yrrpaBJiirrrri

KJIIOqoBi

MicT.

II03HJJ,ii B

Borru

rreraTHBHO

CTaBUJIUCH )1;0 OKyrraJJ,iHHHX BJiaCTeU

BHXi)J;JJ,iB HK 3 llOJihltd, TaK i

CBOIX iHTepecax HH3hKi Bep-

YropJD:UHH,

CTBH

xoq BHKOpUCTOByBaJIU B

MiChKOrO

JIIO)J;Y,

peMOHTY 3aMKiB IIocTyrroBo

36upaJIU )J;aHUHH,

3MylllyBaJIU IX )1;0

po6iT

ITO

qu lj>opTeJJ,h.

JiiTorrucrri

MicTa

rrporruKaJiu

irro3eMrri,

rroJihChKO-

KaTOJIHIIhKi rraTpHJJ,ii, HKi, OTpUMaBIIIH KOpOJiiBChKi IIpHBiJiei, OCi)J;aJIU B

JJ,eHTpax MicT i

raqyBaJIHCh

rrpu6upaJiu 11:0 CBOIX pyK MieLKe

Ha TOpriBJii

rrpaBJiiHHH,

36a-

peMeCJii.

MicJJ,eBe yKpaiHChKe rraceJieHHH 6yJio BHTicrrerre IIHMH irro3eMJJ,HMH Ha

rrepe)J;MiCTH

TaM

rraJJ,iorraJihHHH rrriT.

rrepeHOCUJIO

co6i

Bono rypTyBaJiocn y

BalKKHH

rpoMa)J;u i

COJJ,iaJihHHH

rrpu CBOIX JJ,ep-

KBax Bi)J;CTOIOBaJIO rrpaBa. MicTa IIpuKaprraTTH B 6iJihiiiOCTi 6yJiu B pyKax rrpuBaTrrux <J>eo)J;aJiiB,

HKi B XV

cToJiiTTi BMe

poTL6a MiJD:aH

rroqaJiu IX yTucKyBaTu.

IIoqaJiacn

6o-

3a CBO€ CaMoyrrpaBJiiHHH Ha Mar)J;e6yp3hKOMY rrpaBi.

Bu6opOJIH rrpaBa raJiuq (1367), KoJIOMHH (1405), PoraTUH (1455), CrrnTurr, TJiyMaq (1445) poKy.

CHHTMH JiiTorrucrre KOp)J;OHi

MicTo

raJiuqurru

CrrHTHH

6yJio

EyKOBUHH,

po3TallloBarre

)J;e

rra11:

cxpern:yBaJIUCh

IIpyToM,

BalKJIHBi

rra

TOproBi

IIIJIHxu, HKi 3'€)J;HyBaJiu rriB)J;errrri KpaiHH €Bporru. MicJJ,eBe rraceJieHHH CHHTUHa 3)J;aBHa 3aUMaJIOCH peMeCJIOM i IIepllli 3BiCTKH rrpo

TOpriBJieiO.

CHHTHH CHraiOTh qaciB

raJIUII,hKO-BOJIHHChKO-

ro KHH3iBCTBa. Qeu cTopoMoBuu rpa)J; Bi)J;oMuu yMe B XI cT. B p.

Birr 6yB

o6ca)J;Merruu

3aJiororo

yropcLKoro

1340

KopoJIH Jlro)J;oBiKa.

1415 p. y M. CrrnTurri MOJI)J;aBChKHH rocrro)J;ap OJieKcarr)J;p rrpuurrHB ITi)J;)J;aHCTBO IIOJihChKOrO KOpOJIH JlrauJia, HKHH rrpu6yB CIO)J;U 3i CB0€10 CBUTOIO.

MoJI)J;aBii

qepe3

EyKoBurry

CrrHTHH

rrarrpHMKY

KoJIOMHI

raJiuqa iiiiOB CTapOBUHHHH CHHTHHChKHH IIIJIHX, JD:O CIIpUHJIO rrepeTBOpeHHIO MicTa y

BeJIHKHH ToproBeJihHHH

MiCTi IIOCeJIUJIUCH BipMeHChKi

KYIIIIi,

JJ,eHTp.

YMe

B XV

cT.

HKi 3)J;iHCHIOBaJIU 3B'H3KU MilK

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

Cxo)J,OM

3axo)J,OM.

ToproBeJILHe, Ba.lKJIHBi

,TaM

pycLKiii

HaBO)J,HUB pOJih

rpyHTH IIIHJIH

MicTo. Cro)J,u

6yJio

CHHTHHi

rrpu6yBaJiu

TOpru

11,e

193 TiJihKH

3)J,aBHa

KyrriJ,i

Ba.lKJIHBe

Bi,ll,6yBaJiucn peMicHHKH

KOpOJiiBChKUU JIIO CTpa TOp IIUCaB,

Haiirreprni

HpMapKU Ha

BCi

MiCTeq-

3eMJii".

1447

BeJIHKi

cT.

15 6 4

3apyquTUCH

MiCTO

Topru.

ToM

XIY-XY

€BpOIIU.

Ka3uMup

Milll,aH

6yBaiOTh

IJparHyqu

peMicHuqe

HpMapKu

6araThOX KpaiH 111,0

IlpuKapnammR.

IIiCJIH IV

3a 3

oKpeMHM

iH03eMHOrO

3axi)J,HOI

rrpuBiJie€M

pycLKoro Ha HiMeiJ,LKe

rrpu3Haqa€

CTaHOBUIII,e

IIi,ll,TpUMKOIO

3arap6aHHH

MicLKoro

cTapocTy.

yKpaiHChKOrO

IIaTpHIJ,iaTy,

YKpaiHH

rrepeBO)J,HTh rrpaBo,

KO-

CHHTHHChKHX

BH3Haqa€ IM MicLKi

rrepeMiHu

Milll,aHCTBa,

HKUU

IIOJIHKaMU,

HKe

3HaqHo

6yJIO

rrorip-

BHTiCHeHe

IJ,eHTpaJihHOI qacTUHU MiCTa Ta rrepe)J,MiCTH, o6TH.lKeHe 6araTbMa HaTypaJihHHMU i aTy

rpOIIIOBUMU IIOBUHHOCTHMU Ha KOpUCTh iH03eMHOrO IIaTpHIJ,i-

CTapOCTUHChKOrO

ypH,ll,y.

KOJIOMIHI

HarrpuKiHIJ,i JiiBChKHM rroqaTKH

CHraiOTh

)J,ep.lKaBu. HOMY B

cT.

3aMKOM. y

XIII

CHHTHHChKOMY cT.

3)J,aBHa

rry JlhCyBaJIO

6yJia

HpMapKaX i i

IJepiiiUU

OKOJIHIIIHiX

BiCK

yci€1

KpaiH

rrpuBiJieU B

Il,HM

UIIIOB

raJiuq i

IIpHBiJie€M

CeJiaX.

IIeBHY

6yB

HaBiTh

HOBUM

Kopouoro

MiChKi

)J,e

JIUIIIe 3

MoJI)J,aBil

KOpOJih

fpyHTH,

HiMeiJ,hKHM

1443

Milll,aHU

.lKHTTH,

IIOJihChKHM

3a6opOHHJIOCh

IIpHBiJie€M

IJ,eH-

ryiJ,yJihlll,HHH,

HaCTYIIHHU

Ha)J,aHUM

KoJIOMHH

)J,e Ha

OKOJIHIIITa

iHrnux

A3il.

Ha)J,aHUU

IIOHOBHB

BOCK06iUHIO,

OIIJiaTy.

JlhBiB,

TOproBeJibHe

YKpaiHu,

BH3HaqeHO

Milll,aHaM.

MaTH

€Bporru,

3ri)J,HO

icTopiro,

ToproBeJihHHM

IJoKyTTH

OC06JIUBO,

3axi)J,HOI

uoro

BeJIHKHM

raJIUII,hKO- BoJIUHChKOI

peMicHuquM

B.lKe

IlpyToM Ha BeJIHKOMY ToproBeJih-

CTOJIUII,H

KoJIOMHI

1411

o6oB'H3KU

MaricTpy 3a

po,ll,y

MaJio

rrpOIJ,BiTaHHH

111,0

peMiCHUqe

BCTaHOBJieHO )J,eCHTHHY,

KOMY

qac

Ba.lKJIHBHM

CBOrO

cxi)J,HHX

Ka3UMUpOM,

rrpaBOM

CT.'

<J>opTeiJ,H

MicTo

TOprax MO.lKHa 6yJIO 3YCTpiTu KYIIIJ,iB He

MicT,

rriB)J,eHHHX

3ri)J,HO

3HaqHa

qac

IIIJIHXy,

cTaJia

TpoM.

ciJI

6yJia

Ton

Po3TarnoBaHa Ha)J, piKoiO

XIII-XV

HiX

11,e

KOpOJieM JlraUJIO.

JIYKH,

Jiicu,

Mar)J,e6yp3hKHM

Bi)J,Bi)J,yBaTU TOpru ITO p.

)1,03BOJIHJIOCh

MOrJIH

MiCh-

rrepeTOIIJIIOBaTU

194

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

JioJtbCbKUCi 3UMup

Ka-

Kopo!lb

flcaUJlOHlfUK

npuu-

Mae niiJiJaHcmeo

(coJtiJ)

MOJtiJaBCbKOi!O

i!OCnoiJap5l

eiiJ

III BeJtuKoco

CmerjwHa ypo'lUllJ,i

KocalfiB

niiJ

flOMUeJO

]485 p.

XyiJoJKHUK

Ko-

MupocJtaB

FamaJteBUlf

KoJIOMUH ciJIJIIO' HKa XV

cT.

ciJIJIIO

a6o

MaB

6yTH

IIpHBiJieU na)J,TO

rrpaBo

yTucKaB

3Haqny

inTepecu

HaMararoquch

roJioBnoro BH)J,aB

TOBapaMU,

3aTpUMaHUH,

OCHOBHHM

OKOJIUII,HX

iioro

KyrriJ,iB

3apyquTucn

CKJia)J,y

KoporriJ,H,

MUHaJIU

Mirn:anaM.

IIiJihry

peqi

XTo

coJieTopriBIJ,iB

rri)J,TpHMKOIO

1413

KaHIJ,iB

p. i

rro6y)J,yBaB

)J,aB

iioMy

Ha)J,

IJpyTOM

TOpriBJii

na a

XIV-

1456

HKHM

crroqaTKY

cyrrpoTHBHBCH,

IIaTpHIJ,iaTy,

Qeii 3a Te

KoJioMuiirn:unu.

MicLKoro

KaTOJIUII,hKHH

Ilo)J,iJIJIH

KOHij>iCKOBaHi.

KOJIOMUHChKOMY i

naKa3, i)J,yqu

MiCTa,

TOBapu

coJii.

IJ,hOMY

IIaTpHIJ,iaTy, MiCTO 3aKJiaJIO KaTOJIUII,hKi MOHaCTUpi. B

IJ,eHTpOM

ryiJ,yJihiD:HHU.

crreiJ,iaJihHHii

CnnTuna

KOJIOMHHChKHM

Ha)J,aBaB

6yJia

ripChKHX

KoJioMul,

iHIIIHMU

ciJih

HraiiJionquK

OKOJIHIJ,h

rrpo)J,aBaJiu

BHHHKHeHHH

oTpuMaJio

Ka3uMup

ceJIHHH

qacy

MicTo

KopoJih

rrpo)J,yKyBaJiaCh

KaTOJIHIJ,hKoro

IQe KOpOJih JlraUJIO MOHaCTUp

,I(oMiHi-

rrpuBiJiel.

r AJIIIq KoJIUIIIH€

B OJIHHChKOrO ChKOIO

Bi)J,OMe

CTOJihHe

KHH3iBCTBa

II OJihiD: ero

pi3KO

MiCTO

(XII- X

ill

3MiHuJiocn.

raJiuq CT.)

IIiCJIH

CTOJIUII,H

raJIUII,hKO-

3arap6aHHH

IIIJIHXeT-

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IIepBiCHHH KpnJIOChKiil

<J>opTnlj>iKaujiiHHH ropi

iforo

nicJIH

3aHena)J,aTH, 6y)J,iBJii

BiH

HaMararoqnch BoJIHHChKOro cnopy)J,

KOrO

ropi

paTyiiiy,

naTpnu;iaTy,

HKHH,

cTapoBHHHe

qacTHHi

HKHH

nyHKTOM

raJIHllhKO-

cTapoBHHHHX

MiCTa,

noqaJIOCH

,UnicTpOM,

qBap

3aXOBaJIH

nOKOJiiHh.

CTOJIHIIIO

Bi)J,HOBJIHJIH

HOBin

onopHHM

ropn a

po3MicTHBCH 6oKaX

HKe

6yJIO

6y)J,iBHHIITBO

MaB

CTaTH

pe3H-

MarHaTChKO-IIIJIH-

pyKaX

MieLKe

pycLKe

npueiJteiO

Macde6yp3bKOMY XydOJICHUK

BCIO

rn:e)J,pHMH

MiChKY

Mupoc;we

BJia)J,y,

MicTa. 6y)J,HHKH

FaJIUlfY

1367 poKy. TamaJteBUlf

Cepe)], MiCh-

KOpOJiiBChKHMH JiiKBi)J,yBaBIIIH

caMoBpH)J,yBaHHH.

Micmy npaei

u;enTp

p03MiCTHJIHCh

KOpHCTyiOqHCh B

BpyzteHH5l Ha

nacKoKiB

IIpnKapnaTTi.

36y)J,OBaHO

caMHM

nocTynoBO

Maif6yTHiX

KBiTyqy

nann B

raJinqa

nocTiilnnx

6oHpChKO-KHH3iBChKHX

)J,JIH

136 7

Ha)J,

BJia)J,H,

3aMKOBol

30Cepe)J,HB

npHpO)J,H

KOJIHIIIHIO

30Cepe)J,HJIHCH

3aMKY

CTHXii

noJihChKi

,UnicTpOM.

nanyBaHHH

ni)J,Hi.lK.lKi

npHBiJieHMH, THM

Ha)J,

CTapOBHHHOro

norpoMy

Ta€MHH£1el0

CTapOCTHHChKOI

XeTChKOrO

nJIODJj

CTaB

195

ocepe)J,OK

lj>eo)J,aJiiB qacOM

3HeCJiaBHTH

KpHJIOCi,

KOpOJiiBChKOrO

KHH3iBCTBa,

p03TaiiiOBaHe

)J,eHu;ieiO

ToM

EaTneBoro

nOJihChKHX

yropChKHX noqaB

IlpuKapnammR.

BoJtoiJuMup

196

Fpa 6oeeu, bJW i1

1367 p. MicTo oTpHMaJio Mar)J,e6yp3hKe rrpauo, rn:o rrpnueJio )J,O

IIOCHJieHoro

BIIJIHBY

iH03eMHOrO

eJieMeHTa,

KaTOJIHllhKHX

IIpHIIIeJih-

lliB. EaraTi Mirn:ann-rraTpnu;il i TpaJILHiii

<J>opTnlj>iKouaniii

CTaHOBHJIH

6iJihiiiiCTh,

cepe)J,Hi qacTHHi

rrepeBalKHO

BHTiCHeHi Ha rrepe)J,MiCTH raJIHqa. JIIOBaHe HHH

HaCeJieHHH, cy)J,OBHH

raJIHllhKOI

6roprepn Miu;no MicTa.

yKpaiHChKe

MacH,

HaCeJieHHH,

HKi 6yJIH

III, 06 TpHMaTH y IIOKOpi IIpHrno6-

IIIJIHXTa BBeJia

arrapaTH

ociJIH B u;en-

IIoneuoJieni

raJIHqi

yrrpauJiiHHH

HOBHH

JIHIIIe

a)J,MiHiCTpaTHB-

MicTa,

yciel

3eMJii.

3ri)J,HO 3 Mar)J,e6yp3hKHM rrpaBOM, MiCTO OTpHMaJIO CBO€ CaMOBpH)J,yBaHHH. raJIH

Ha qoJii MiChKOI yrrpaBH

qJieHH

pa)J,H,

3Bani

CTBOpeHHH MiChKHH cy)J, JiaH)J,BiHT 3 JiaBHHKaMH TH

IIIJIHXeTChKi

,panu;HMH",

pa)J,HHKH

rrpHCHMHi.

TaK 3BaHa JiaBa, )J,e BiHT i cy)J,HJIH BCiX,

XTO

IloJtbCbKUCi

Kopo!lb

HOMY )J,OIIOMa-

OCMiJIIOBaBCH

rropyrnyBa-

CTapOCTHHChKi Bin-

6yJIH

raJIHqi

CIIa)J,KOBHMH, IIpH3HaqaJIHCH

BOHH raJIHllh-

cTapocTaMH,

naJieMaJia III ocT a qacTHHa

KHX

)J,OXO)J,y

JiaHiB,

MiCh-

qHHIIIiB

BCHKoro po)J,y inrni )J,aHHHH. Mar)J,e6yp3hKe

ca-

MOBpH)J,yBaHHH B raJIHqi, HK i

B iHIIIHX MiC-

TaX YKpalnn, MaJio o6MeMeHHH OCKiJihKH po

xapaKTep, BOHO

CYBO-

KOHTpOJIIOBaJIOCh

a)J,MiuicTparrino.

II a-

niuna uepxiuKa MicTa, 6araTi

Kyrru;i

peMic-

BJtaiJucJtaB

5Icai1Jto

Y FaJtuHi 1427 poKy. XyiJOJICHUK

MupocJtaB

Eyu

HOrO IIOMiqHHK

3aKO-

po3rropn)J,Mennn.

KHMH

CTOHB 6yproMiCTp,

ramaJteBUlf

ImocmpoeaHa HHKH,

icmopi5l

opeH)J,api,

HO-CY)J,OBi

Maca

IIIeBlliB,

KOMipHHKH,

y XV KOM.

raJinq

Bee,

IIIO

Ma€TKY

)J,OXO)J,H.

3HaqHi 3

)J,O

B y

Ma€TKH,

aKTax

KChOH)J,3aMH.

IIepeBeciB

KOHTpOJieM.

CT.

Ba.lKJIHBY

JiaCh

pOJih

rri)J,MaiiKyiii-

ryJihTai,

TOpriBJii pyKaX

KOpoJiiBChKHM

3)J,HpaJIH

HaTypaJihHi

)J,aHHHH,

MiliHO ypH)J,H

nan a

Ma€T-

HKi

KOpOJiiBChKOMY

ociJio

KaTOJIHllhKe

crrpHHJIH

rro6y)J,oBaM

rpnropiil

MHTpOIIOJiiiO,

BCTaHOB-

1414

HKa

6yJia

ITO

Bi)J,

TyT

llhOMY pi1:1i.

6araTHX

6yB

ypH)J,y

lj>iJihBapKH,

3ra)J,yiOThCH

TOprH, MHTO

HKi

rri)J,)J,aHi"'

qnHIIIi,

TOproBeJihHHM IIi)],

KOpOJii

CBOIX

Xy)J,o6y

raJinqa

BeJIHKa

Ha.lKHBaJIH

eKCIIJiy-

qy.lKHX

IIpO)J,a.lK

Bi)J,irpaBaB

MiCTY

cy)J,-

rropT

IIpHBiJieHHe

TOpriBJIH Hill

CeJia

3aMKOBHM

roJIOBHHH

Ha)J,aJIH

HKi

)J,aHHHH

ocepe)J,KOM,

CYBOpHM

KYIIlliB

BeJIH

.lKHTTi

BCH

rrpa£1IOBaJIH

HKHX Heilla)J,HO

po3TaiiioBaHHH

I I ep eB a.lKHO

HKHX

HK IOpH-

KOCThOJIY HaJie.lKaJIH

aJie

Bi)J,

IIIO

Ha3HBaJIH

,KOCTeJihHi

ceJIHHH

BeJIHKHM

THX,

(lx

IIOBHHHOCTi

raJIHllhKOrO

IIOJihChKi

MiillaH,

KaTOJIHllhKe iJ,YXOBeHCTBO,

MiChKOMY

TOproBeJihHOMY

,UHicTep.

3aB)J,HKH

,Uo

36HpaJIH

TaKO.lK

IloKyTTH.

rrpaBO

MicTi

lj>eo)J,aJihHi

HpMapKH,

MoJI)J,aBil a6o

,UHiCTpi.

IIOJIH,

3aJIHIIIaBCH

OpeH)J,api

MiCTi,

HOIIJiaBHHH

6yB

IIpHHOCHJIO

MichKHH

(IIepeBeJiiB)'

Bi)J,6yBaJIHCh

KpaBlliB,

CeJIHHH-BTiKaqi,

qnHIIIi,

U:e

13 7 5

raJinqa

po60TH.

aTyBaJIHCh

TOprax

IIi)J,KOpHJIOCh

qacTO

B .lKe

lj>iJihBapKy

IIIOTH.lKHeBi

rpOIIIOBi

Bi)J,po6iTKiB.

rraTpHlliHMH

rpnropiBlli

)J,e

yqHi

MarHaTH-CTapOCTH,

Ha TepHTOpil raJinqa, He

IIOCi)J,aJIO

rri)J,)J,aHi.

raJinq

IIJie6el,

JlLBOBa.

IIIJIHXTa,

BHKOHyBaJIH HaBiTh

a)J,MiHiCTpaTHB3aMKy.

roHqapiB,

ceJiaMH

pHMChKO-KaTOJIHllhKY

IIpo.lKHBaiOqH

IXHi

.lKe6paKH,

rrpaBHJIH

CTapocTHHChKHH

raJinqi

)J,HKaMH),

pi3HHX

MOHaCTHpiB.

rrepeHeceHa

MiChKa

CT.

(JIHBapHHKiB,

CJiyrH,

HHM

6araTHMH

)J,yxoBeHCTBO.

JIIO€

raJinqa

MOrJIH

)1,0

KOCThOJiiB

BHKOHyBaJIH

CTapOCTHHChKOMY

HaBKOJIHIIIHiMH

KOpOJIH

306oB'H3yBaJIH

IIopH)J,

a6o

MaHCTepeHh

pHMapiB),

iMeHi

CeJIHH

yrrpaBHTeJii

paTyiiii

197

ToM

ropO)J,HHKH.

CT.

Bi)J,

.lKHTeJiiB

peMiCHHqHX

HipiB,

KOpOJiiBChKi

lj>yHKIJji

OcHOBHa CTpH

IlpuKapnammR.

3HaXO)J,H-

3HaqHi

rrpn6yT-

KH. 3po3yMiJio, rrpoTecTyBaJIH

IIIO

y6ore

rrpoTH

MiillaHCTBO

co~:~iaJILHoro

CeJIHHH

raJIHllhKOrO

Ha~:~ioHaJILHoro

CTapOCTBa

peJiiriiiHoro

rHi-

198

BoJtoiJuMup

TY,

ID:O

JlhOXaX,

)J,eHKi

a6o,

B'H3HHIJj"

HHX

MiChKOI

IIp0£1eC

)J,BOMa

II.

TOMHJIHCH

,Ha )J,Hi

Cipe)J,MyKa,

MiCTo6y)J,yBaHHH

BalKJIHBe

paHiiiie

po3BHHYTHX nnx

aKTaX,

3eMJii

3aMKOBHX y

IIJIIOraBiH

YMOBaX

XIV -

KinrJj

raJIHllhKOI

3eMJii

cTo-

IIpOXO)J,HB

IIIJIHXaMH.

,UoCHTh HKi

paTyiiii.

Ha iJ,YMKY )J,OCJii)J,HHKa JiiTTi,

rrepecJii)J,yBaJIHCH

3alj>iKCOBaHO

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

ciJI

IIIJIHXiB,

IIOBiToBi

3HaqeHHH

Ha3HBaJIH,

)J,JIH

MaJIO

IIpnKaprraTChKoro

ID:O

MicTa

3B'H3yBaJIH

CHHTHH,

IIOHBH

HOBHX

BHri)J,He Kparo

IIOCeJieHh, Hai16iJihiii

6JIH3hKO

KOJIHIIIHi

KoJIOMHIO'

MiChKHX

p03TaiiiyBaHHH

cyxorryTHHX

JiiTOIIHCHi

raJinq

rpa)J,H,

cyci)J,HiMH

BO)J,Terrep

TepnTopiHMH

)J,epMaBaMH. B

ceJiax

rrpn

IIOlKBaBJieHHi

cyci)J,HiMH

CTaJIH

IIOCeJieHh.

CKJia)J,aJIHCh

HHX

TOpriBJii.

MicTeqKa B

)J,JIH

CeJIO a

1486

HOMY

coJIHHOIO

TphoMa IIIJIHXY

ceJIO

raJIHllhKOI 6JIHlKqHX

p03BHTKY

3eMJii

ciJihChKHX

IIHX

rrepepOCTaHHIO

poKaMH

CTaTyc B

IIOCeJieH-

TaKHX

raJIHllhKOMY

CHHTHH,

LK.n)J,aqiB-raJIHq HKY

ceJio

MicTo6yiJ,yBaHHH

MiChKOrO

€3yiiiJih),

rri3niiiie

qepe3

rrpo~:~ec

rrpe)J,cTaBJIHJIH

(ChOrO)J,Hi

Cxi)J,),

ciJI

MacoBo

EyKaqiBlli

IIOBiTi

TaKH

Bnri)J,-

pi3HHMH

CTapOBHHHe

JielKaJIO

O)J,epMaJIO

na6npaB

3po3yMiJio,

IIOCeJieHHH

HKe

TOMY

(a6o

IM,

MiChKHH

rroBiTi,

)J,aBHHHY

TpancrropTyBaJIH rrepeBe)J,eno

iniiii

MicTa.

CTaTyc

po3TaiiioBa-

HOrO

6yJio

KHH-

IIIJIHXY

Ha3HBaJIH

ciJih 3

IIpn-

ciJihChKoro

CTaTyc. BHHHKaJIH

HoBHH

(

rpO)J,ChKHX

IIYHKTiB

14 53),

qac

raJIHllhKOMy,

YToporrn B

aKTOBHX

CTOJiiTTH, Bi)J,

Toil

MapTHHiB)

3a6oJioTiB

Bi)J,pi3HHIOThCH rrpaBa.

~:~en

KOJIH

KoJIOMHIO

)J,opororo,

raJIHllhKHX HHX

)J,JIH

CIIpHHJIO

<J>eo)J,aJIH

HaiipHKJia)J,,

AnaJiori qno

Eoprn:iB,

peMiCHHKH

YMOBH

B3HTe

o<J>illiHHHH

TaK,

)J,aJii

MiChKHH

HHHi

ceJiax,

qeiiiH6icH

KaprraTTH Ha

pa30M

<J>opMn,

ce6e,

IIpHBiJieHMH.

raJinq,

BHri)J,Hi

3B'H3KiB

IIpnKaprraTTH.

rro)J,i6nnx

30Cepe)J,MyBaTHCh

Bee

3aBepiiiaroqol HHH

TOprOBHX

ID:O

ciJihChKHX

KHHrax

apTHHiB

MnxaJibqe

(

14 55,

(1449

p.),

KoJIOMHHChKOMY rroBiTax.

3HaqaThCH IIOCeJieHh,

3YCTpiqaeMO MiCTeqKaMH, aJie

BlKe

pH)J, HKi

HaCeJiern:e

MaiOTh

MaJIO MiChKi

IAtocmpoBana

icmopi5l

IIpUI<:apnammR.

199

ToM

3A COIJ)AJibHE I HAIJ)OHAJibHE Bll3BOJIEHH51 OMHHaiOqH

rrepiiiHX

)J,HiB

OKyrrauji

IIIJHIXeTChKOIO I I OJihm em, rrepepBHHMH HHllhKOrO ChKe Hi

nau;ionaJILHoro

CeJIHHCTBO

lj>opMH

rrpoTH

BHCTyiiaMH

IIpHXOBaHOI

ino3eMHHX

CrroqaTKY

IIaHa

THBHOI

BOHH

B6nBaJIH i

1397

qnnn

He3a)J,OBOJieHHH

rrarra

ceJIHHHHOM HH CaM

HKHft

HaMaraiOqHCh Orrip

CeJIHH

3eMJii 6yB,

Ha)J,iCJiaB

O)J,Horo

BCTaHOBJieHHX

HOpM

)1,0

TaK,

CMHpeHHH.

PycLKOI HHX

1450

3eMJii

KOpOJih

HaKa3yBaB

rrpo

rri)J,)J,annx

rrepe11,

TO,

)J,JIH

BHMOrH Mi.lK

rri)J,TpHMyBaB naTHCKOM

3eMJii

3'ncyBaTH

BHHHK

rrpn)J,JIH

crrip

nei

Mi.lK

BTPYTHBCH

crreu;iaJihHHft

HaKa3,

CTOpOHH.

p03MipiB.

rrpo

iHIIIOrO

CTaTyT

KOpOJiiBChKHft

)J,eHKHX

CeJiaX ypH)J,

nerropyrnnicTh 3aKJIHKaTH rrpo

cKaprn

3aXHmaB

o6oB'H3KH

crreu;iaJihHHft

qncJienni

BH)J,HMOCTi,

KopoJiiBChKHft

IIIJIHXTi

BH)J,aHO

lj>aKTH

CKapr.

BoJiqKoM 3a BOJIO)J,iH-

KOHij>JiiKTY

CeJIHH,

aK-

)J,eCHTHHaMH

p.,

po3Maxy,

6yJIO

rroBHHHOCTi.

crropax

naKa3

14 31

nara)J,aTH

OrOJIOIIIeHO

BHKOHyBaTH

rrepeBa.lKHO

6oKy,

)1,0

)J,BipCbKe

u;iKaBi

IIO)J,aHHH

lj>eo)J,aJihHHX IIOBHHHOCTeft

1435

MaHeBpyBaB:

ne3rrepeqno, yp1111,

p.,

3eMJIIO,

3alj>iKcoBani

open11,apeM

3arpo3JIHBHX

rrpau;IOBaTH

rraJIHJIH I I MaeTKH Ta inrne.

Bi)J,)J,aB

He3a)J,OBOJieHi

cKap.lKHJIHCH

rrepeftiiiJIH

IIIJIHXTH

IIIJIHXOM

Micu;e

IIOBHHHOCTeft y

u;e

6opOTh6H

Bi)J,MOBJIHJIHCH

3rO)J,OM

cT.

TaKoro

BoporaM:

rrpnKaprraT-

rno6nTeJiiB.

raJIHllhKOI

Bep6i.lKa Ta

na6npaB 3

qepe3

na6paJia

3pOCTaHHIO

raJIHllhKOI

orrip

3rO)J,OM,

YTHXOMHpHTH

3Myrnennft

CeJIHH,

HaCeJieHHH

CrrpaBa

KOpOJih,

OCeJii,

IIOBHHHOCTi.

iJ,YXOBeHCTBa.

qypnJioM

3eMJieiO.

pi)J,Hi

IIOHeBOJIIOBaqiB

Eoni<J>au;ift

KaTOJIHllhKOrO

CBOIX

aKTax

cT.

3aCTOCOByBaJIO pb-

aHTHij>eo)J,aJihHOI i

<J>eo)J,aJILHY 3HaTh,

IIpOTH

XIV

cepe)J,HHH

3aXOIIJIIOBaJIH

3eMChKHX

CeJIHH

rracHBHHft

iHIIIi

T06TO

KpaiO

lj>eo)J,aJihHO-Kpirroc-

3aBOftOBHHKaMH,

TaK

IIOKH)J,aJIH

BHKOHyBaTH

rpo)J,ChKHX

6opOTh6H

IIOCHJieHHH

Bi)J,KpHTOI

qnnHJIH

6opOTh6H,

Maftno Ta Jiicn,

3arap6nnKiB,

rno6HTeJiiB-Ij>eo)J,aJiiB,

rniTy.

MHpHJIOCH

IIpHKaprraTChKOrO

po3openi ceJIHHH Bi)J,rroBi)J,aJIH 6e3-

CTaTyT

rrpnrno6JieKMeTiB,

lj>eo)J,aJiiB.

<J>eo)J,aJiaMH

IIIJIHXTY

<J>eo)J,aJiiB

i i

)J,y.lKe

ceJIHHaMH pi)J,KO

open11,apiB.

rroJihChKHft

3axnmaB

IIpoTeCTH

CBOIX ceJIHH

200

BoJtoiJuMup

nepi)J,KO

po3u;iHIOBaJIHCH

3oKpeMa, cy)J,H B

1435

Ha)J,

TaKHMH

KOpOJiiBIIIHHaX

CIIp06H

pou;i

cT.

IIpHBaTHHX )J,iBChKi

IIIJIHXTa

ceJIHHH

Ma€TKiB

rrpaBa.

OcKiJihKH rrpaBax

3YMiJia

ITI.

TyT

CT.,

T06To

CTOHJIO

IIHTaHHH

ceJIHH qoMy

CTOCyBaJIHCH

i1,pyriif

rrepe)J,

ceJinn"

TepMiH

rrepeiiiiiJia BHpiiiiyBaTH

3ri)J,HO

iHIII 010

MaB Ha

cou;i-

rrpaBO iJ,YMKY

IXH€

BHXO)J,y, )J,eHKHX

ceJIHH

3)J,iHCHHJIOCH

raJIHllhKiH

3eMJii

IIOJihChKOrO

KOJIH

IIIJIHXTa

o6MelKHTH

CeJIHHChKY

IIpHBeJIO

Ixni

eKOHOMiqHHH

KOJIOHi3au;ieiO

)1,0

raJIHllhCHJiy,

MaCOBOI

BHKOHaHHH

(14 3 5

rrepiiioro

pyKn.

IIIO

Kapy rrana;

lj>opMaJihHOC-

CIIpaBa

Terrep

HeraTHBHO

,BTiKJIHX

Bona

caMa

BIIJIHBaJIO

cTaHOBHille. p.)

HKHX

)J,OCJii)J,HHKiB,

BH3Haqeno

BCiX

IIIJIHXTH

lliJIOMY

IIOCTaHOBH,

CBOrO

qac

peKJiiHau;iHMH, i

)J,Bi

6y JIO

BJia)J,H

rrpaBoBe

KOJIH

Ma€TKiB.

IIOCHJIHTH

IIpHHHHTO

BJia)J,H

cy)J,iB

3BaHHMH

po6oqy

raJIHllhKa IIIJIHXTa

3eMJieiO,

rrepiiiiH

T06TO

IIOCTaHOBOIO TaK

u;e

pi3nnx

OC06JIHBOCTi.

BHXO)J,Y

eKcrrepnMeHT,

3-IIi)J,

3Miu;HeHHHM

IIIO

iniiie.

BHXO)J,y.

rrpaBO,

CBOI

BBe)J,eHHHM

MeTOIO

6yJio

BTiKaJIH

lKHJIH

CeJIHH

BHKJIHKaHa

3eMJii

rroripiiiyBaJio

JIH,

HKe.

rrpa)J,i-

CBO€

BOJIOChKOMY,

rrpaBo

)J,eiiieBy

)J,eplKaBHHX

u;e

BH3HaqHBCH

XTO

HKi

rrpo

,BHKJIOHy",

po)J,y

6yJia

rrpaBa

CeJIHH,

Ma€TKiB

HaHMeHIIIi

KOpOJiiBChKHX

y3aKOHeHHH

o6MelKyBaJIOCH,

O)J,Horo

Bi)J,XO)J,OM.

ceJIHH,

raJIHllhKiH

llhOrO

CTpHMaHHH

CeJIHH".

TO)J,i

p.,

MaJIO

p.,

ceJIHH

BOJihHOCTi

KpaiO.

u;e

14 35

cBoro

KOrO

Ocb

1496

B B

IIIJIHXTH

Mirpau;ii

qac

BHXO)J,y

KOpOHH

3aKpirrHTH

BHXO)J,y

Toil

CTaHOBHilla

rrpou;ec

IIOJiiTHKa

rrpaBO

HHX

paHiiiie,

pyChKi

CTBep)J,lKye,

TaKa

rrpo

ypH)J,H

36eperTH

IIOJieriiiHTH

pi3HHM

rHiT.

6alKaHHH

3eMJii

cycrriJihHOrO

naBiqno

CTap03BHqaeBi

TiKaJIH

6y JIO

3)J,iilcHIOBaBcH

cTapaJiacn

)J,OJIIO

po3yMiJIH

lKHTTH,

rroJihChKOMY

IIOJihChKOI

IIiBCTOJiiTTH

rrpaBa.

Kpame

niMellhKOMY,

y3aKOHHTH

Kinu;i

BHpalKaJIH

PyH)J,IIITeiln

TepHTOpiHX

MOrJia

KapaJIH.

CTapOCTHHChKi

Ma€TKaX

rpoMa)J,aMH 3HaHTH

raJIHllhKOI

CeJIHH

IIIBH)J,IIIe

iHIIIHX

CTapOCTH

CTaHOBHille.

ceJIHHH

pycLKOMY,

,UocJii)J,HHK

TeH

raJIHllhKOrO

3JioqnnaMH

IIpHBaTHHX

Ha)J,i€10

BOHH

HaHKpalliHM MipHJIOM

HaKa3

lli)J,

ciM'HMH

U:nM

Bi)J,XO)J,y

HKIIIO

po36iiiHHIITBo,

BH)J,aHHH

3JIOqHHIIHMH.

aJihHO-eKOHOMiqne

JIHIIIe

3Jioqnn,

3aXHCTHTHCh.

rrpaBO

HK 6yB

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

BHXO)J,y

HKi

YMOBaX,

Toqno 3

CeJIHH

HKOrO

rr'HTHa)J,IIHTOMY

BKa3yBarrpaBa

CTOJiiTTi

ImocmpoeaHa raJIHllhKi KOM

icmopi5l

CeJIHHH

6y JIH

HeBiJihHHX

HeO)J,HaKOBe

Ti,

BiJihHHMH

201

MaJIH

KaJiaHHHX,

rrpaBO

XOTiB

ceJIHH,

KapTHHa

XTO

ToM

rrpaBO

Op)J,HHlliB

BHXO)J,y,

)J,aHHHKiB,

BHHHT-

HKi

6yJIH

rrpaBax,

MaJIH

KpirraKiB.

KaTeropil

BHCTyrrae

pa6iB,

rrorrepe)J,HHKaMH BiJILHi

IlpuKapnammR.

rrpo.lKHBaJIH

BHXO)J,y

rrepeXO)J,y

BHHTH

pi)J,HHX

CeJIHH,

CeJia,

pi3HHX

OCeJih.

HKi

MYCHB

.lKHJIH

Han6iJihiii

IIOBHO

pyChKOMY

)J,OTpHMyBaTHCH

rrpaBi.

IIeBHHX

YMOB

3aKOHy.

Ch )J,eHKi

CBHT, CH

)1,0

HHx:

TOrO

.lK

He3aKOHHHM

IIeBHHH Ille.

rrpou;eHT

qac

CeJIHHHH

6yB

KapaBCH. (OiJ,HH

(TiyHH,

cBi)J,KH"

ceJia,

TaK

iniiioro

BHXO)J,HB, 3Bane

HOro,

,rroJIHrBHqne",

IIOJIOBHHH HaHHH

)1,0

O)J,Hi€I

rrepeJiiqeHHX TOR,

TOIIIO.

rrpaBO.

u;e

YMOBOIO,

TaKHM

.lKe

XTo

IIIO

BiH

rpHBeHh

rrpoBHH

u;e,

CBO€

qac,

Bi)J,

Micu;e,

BHXO)J,H

Pi3)J,BO, HOrO.

)J,aBaB

Ma€TKiB

na6HpaJIH

MacoBoro

36pOHHHMH

6yJIH BOHH

pycLKOMY

MOrJIH

CBi)J,Ka,

CeJia

rrpHiiMaB

6e3

HaCHJihHO

rrpaBi,

CBiH

rrana,

Bi)J,i6paB TiJihKH

Mir

BHHTH

rOCIIO)J,apH qHHIII

Ha)J,iJI

qac,

Bi)J,

BHKO-

HOrO

BHXi)J,HHH

xapaKTepy,

u;i

rrpaBi,

BHXO)J,HTH

MYCHJIH

IIOCTaHOBa

3HaHIIIOB

12 MaTH

BH)J,iJIHBCH HiKoro

YMOBH,

u;e

TOMY

TiJihKH

rpHBeHh

HacrrpaB)J,i

3aKinqyBaJIHCH

Bi)J,oMo,

rrpaKTHKyBaJIHCH

B)J,eHh

CIIJiaTHTH

1435

,I(HKTyBaJIOCH RK

p03MipoM

iHIII oro

rreBHHH

CeJIHHHH

rpoiiieH,

rrepeXO)J,HTH

HiMellhKOMY Micu;i

CeJIHHHH,

3aCTaBHe.

rropyiiiyBaJIH

ceJIHH.

Mir

o6po6HTH

RKIIIO

4. CYMY

IIpOBHHH

OIIJiaTHTH

IIiJihrax,

TaKO.lK ,qy.lKi

nan,

i1,py.lKHHY,

CBO€MY

BHHTH

rrpaBi,

MaB

TH.lKHiB,

KOHij>JiiKTaMH.

TaK

.lK

IIaHOBi

BHMaraJia

BJiaCHHKH

IIeBHY

BHIIa)J,Ky

iloro

.lKHB

rranoM.

IIpHCYTHOCTi

U:Loro

MaerKiB,

6yB

)1,0

T06TO

TiJihKH

OKpeMe )J,BOpH-

,oceJihqH3Hy"

pyChKOMY

TOrO

rrepe)J,

ceJIHH,

BOJIOChKOMy,

HKHH

,I(o

IIIO

TiJihKH

BBa.lKaB-

CeJIHHH,

IIIJIHXTHqi.

IIaHOBi

Mir

Pi3)J,BHHHX

HHMH 6yJIH rrepeBa.lKHO

rpHBHIO,

CeJIHHHH

3aJIHIIIHTh

MaHHOM.

3BaHy

36e3qecTHB

CH)J,iB

CeJIHHHH,

.lKO)J,HHX Ha

YMOB

CKa.lKiMO,

MaHHO

rpHBHi.

)J,Ba

CIIJiaTHTH

TaK

qac

BHoqi

OTaMaHH, KHH3i),

po3MipoM

BJiaCHHKOBi

rri)J,

BHXi)J,

XTO MaB

cBi)J,Kax.

COJITHCH,

6yB

MOrJIH He BCi

3)J,e6iJILIIIoro

3MyiiieHHH

IIJiaTHB

HKIIIO

BHXO)J,HTH

BHxi)J, i3 ceJia Bi)J,6yBaBcH rrpH

TiJihKH

BH3HaqeHHH

10-TH rOCIIO)J,apiB),

ciJihChKa CTapiiiHHa

HKHH

Mir BHHTH

Toqno

qacTO

)J,OBrHMH

.lK

cT.

BHXi)J,-

CeJIHHH

cy)J,OBi

CIIOpH

rrpou;ecaMH

iHTepecaMH

X I Y -XY

na Ha

BJiaCHHKiB

iiiioB

rrpou;ec

202

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

KOJioni3auji 3axi)J,HOI YKpainn, oco6JinBo na TepnTopii IIpnKapnaTTH. III,o6

npnna)J,nTn

po6oqy

cnJiy,

nann

na)J,aBaJin

niJILrn

(TaK

3Bani

BOJii) CeJIHHaM, HKi npnXO)J,nJin Ha neBHnll CTpOK, BCiJIHKnM cnoco6oM 3aMaHIOBaJin HOpMn

CBOI

MaeTKn,

nopyrnyroqn

npn

llhOMY

npaBoBi

BnXO)J,y.

Tnx, XTO nopyrnyBaB BCTaHOBJieHe npaBO BnXO)J,y, BBalKaJin

,yTiK-

IIInMn", i BJiacnnKn, 3ri)J,HO 3 3aKoHoM, MorJin po3rnyKyBaTn IX. III,o6 3HallTn

ceJIHHnHa-BTiKaqa,

KOTpnll

HnKy-nany )J,aBaBcH o)J,nH piK.

cn)J,iB

pyChKOMY

npaBi,

BJiac-

ITo 3aKinqenni lloro ceJIHHnH 3o6oB'H-

3aHnll 6yB cnJiaTnTn IIITpa<J>, piqnnll qnnrn, nicJIH qoro Mir 3aJinrnnTncn Ha HOBOMY Mico;i. HnHa,

HKIIIO TOll

6yB

llaH TaKOlK MaB npaBO He Bi)J,nycTnTn CeJIH-

OCTaHHiM y

po)J,i

a6o He

CnJiaTnB

6opry.

II an Me, )J,O HKoro BTiKaB ceJIHHnH, B cynpoBo)J,i cBi)J,Ka-IIIJIHXTnqa lliiiOB )J,O TOMY

cTaporo

pa3i,

rpOIIIOBi

ropo)J,nHy, qn

BTiKaq

BnKOHaB

)J,aBaB

)J,OTpnMaBCH

HaTypaJihHi

llOMY

BCiX

)J,aHnHn

,Bnxi)J,ne".

YMOB,

X To

BTiKaqeM

yTiK

lloro

ceJia,

T06TO

36ilKlKH,

BnKOHaB pH)J, )J,O)J,aTKOBnX noBnHHOCTell

,nornToBi".

BBaMaJin

nana-BJiacnnKa i

HKIIIO

)J,aBrnn

nepexoByBaq nJiaTnB

u;e

CnJiaTnB

3Bi3

ciHO

,npn3Haqni"

,Bi)J,KJiony",

Toro

15 rpnBeHh IIITpa-

<J>y. IIpaBo Bi)J,XO)J,Y ceJIHH ni)J, Kineo;L XV cT. cTaJio qncToiO <J>opMaJILnicTIO.

xoq BOHn nepe)J, BnXO)J,OM )J,OTpnMyBaJinCH BCiX YMOB,

qacTO yB'H3HIOBaTn IX, a noTiM Ha cy)J,i HaMaraJinCH Bqennll

KepcT nncaB,

orJIH)J,Y

nann

onpaB)J,aTn ce6e.

cy)J,OBOI eK3eKyo;ii,

cnpaBy

MOlKHa 6yJIO 3BOJiiKaTn 6e3 KiHIIH, HaBe)J,eHnll Bnme cnoci6 yHeMOlKJinBJIIOBaB peKJiinau;iro.

Jlnrne TOll

Banoro CeJIHHnHa, XTO XOTiB. XTO Mir He

nycTnTn CeJIHHnHa i

ne3CYMHiBHO,

CBaBOJIH

BnnycKaB lK

KenKyBaTn IIIJIHXTnqiB

3i cBoro ceJia peKJiino-

He XOTiB, TOll )1,0 KiHIIH XV CT. 3 cy)J,iB". BnKJinKaJia

He3a)J,OBOJieHHH

o6ypeHHH ceJIHH, HKi noqaJin caMoBiJILHO Bnxo)J,nTn 3 CBOIX oceJih Ta )J,Bopnm.

Kinu;i XV cT.

ceJIHHn me npo6yBaJin rnyKaTn cnpaBe)J,Jin-

BOCTi B cy)J,aX. llpo o;e CBi)J,qaTh ll aKTOBi KHnrn, cnncaHi npoo;ecaMnCKapraMn. Cy)J,OBi

npoo;ecn

rpO)J,ChKnX i pil.

cnpaBi

3eMChKnX cy)J,aX,

BTeq

CeJIHH

BnpirnyBaJinCH He

a ll iHKOJin B KOpOJiiBChKill

nyJIO qnMaJIO Bnna)J,KiB, KOJin IIIJIHXTnqi

nnTaHHH n p o

6ir Jinx ceJIHH.

Jiniiie

KaHo;eJIH-

6 e 3 cy)J,y BupiniymLJIU

, Bi)J,Ka3qnKn ue 3aBM)J,n Bi,n,K.JIUK)'Ba.JIU

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

CeJHIH rrpaBHOIO )J,OporoiO, CB0€10 3a

)J,OporoiO,

036pO€HY

MaJILHi B6HTHMH

a6H

IIOJie

o6ox

aJie

qeKaiOqH

CHJIY,

6HTBH,

IX MaHHOM".

pa3 IIi)J,6HBaJIH IX )1,0

)J,OBrHX

BepHyTH

6HTBH

6oKiB;

CY)J,OBHX

CBOIX pa3

rro6i)J,HHKH

3BnqalfHO,

203

ToM

CeJIRH:

6yBaJIO

IlaHH,

xarraJIHCR

Bi)J,6yBaJIHCR

3aCiRHe

3a6npaiOTL

Bi)J, IIIJIRXeTChKOrO

BTeqi.

MHTapCTB,

<!Jop-

paHeHHMH

ypnToBaHHX

6e33aKOHHR

ceJIRH

CeJIRHH )J,y)Ke

CTpa)K)J,aJIH. Mirpaujn ceJIRH rrpoxo)J,HJia B pi3HHX MaCIIITa6ax. HanMeHIIIe rrpou:eciB y

U:iH

crrpaBi

IlpHqHHH CHJIY

6yJio

TaKoro

CBO€I

CRHOU:LKiH,

RBHilla

CIIeU:H<!JiKH

6yJia

IIepeMHIIIJihCLKa,

JlLBiBCLKa

HHMH

TOMY

Hi3ao:il

TYT

Kpaw.

KpiM

CT. u:i

JIRHCLKa,

6y JIH Hapa)KeHi U:i

CIO)J,H

3eMJii,

IIiBHiqHOI

HiMeU:LKOrO

<!Jeo)J,aJILHHX Jia)J,y, JIO

RKHH

rrpaBa

3axi)J,HiH Ta

reHHOIII

CeJIRH. IIHCaB,

(Ha pyCLKOMY rrpaBi HeKOpHCHi )J,JIR

3pOCTaHHRM

ce6e,

r.)

HeMa€

HaCHJILHe BBe)J,eHHR IIIJIRXa

HHM

36iJILIIIeHHR

rpoMa)J,ChKOrO

pyCLKOrO

,Hiqoro

rrpaBa

)J,HBHOro,

Bi)J,KpHTO

raJIHU:LKiH

IIIO

HaCeJieHHR

Bi)J,CTOIOBaJIO

RK )J,y)Ke

CBOI rrpaBa,

aKTHBHO 3aXHillaJIOCh rrepe)J,

<!Jeo)J,aJiaMH

rrpnqoMy

cBi)J,qeHL

Half6iJILIII

CeJIRHH B

XrY-Xqj

cTapo)KHJiiB.

BIIJIHBOBi,

CT.

JIIO)J,H a

CIJl,

TaKi

CBi)J,KH

IIpH

CeJIRHHHa. qaciB

<!Jeo)J,aJIH IIIJIRXTHqa,

YIIOBHOBa)KeHHX

3po3yMiJIO, MOrJIH JIHIIIe

MciinMIII, TaK 6yJio ,3 )J,i)J,a Iipi!IAiAilll" 6y JIH BiJILHHMH.

BOHH

IIpHCRraJIH

Bi)J,CTOIOBaTH IIOCHJiaiOqHCh i

rrpa)J,i)J,a",

MaJIH CBOI Ha

a6o

)J,OBO)J,HJIH

CBi)J,KH BH6npaJIHCR 3

aBTOpHTeTHi

He JIHIIIe i3 )J,aHoro ceJia, RKoro TOpKaJiacn crrpaBa,

KH~DKV1X

BHKJIHKa-

niKy

IlpaBOTY

KOJIO-

rrepeXO)J,HJIH

IIOBHHHOCTeH".

rrpaBoTy Ha ocHoBi

rpoMa)J,H,

KOJIO-

Tepe6oB-

OU:iHIOBaJIO TaKoro po)J,y 3MiHH

3p03yMiJIO,

CIIipHHX IIHTaHHRX 3

CBOIO

MaCOBO

CTapOBHHHOrO

He XOTiJIO rrepeXO)J,HTH Ha HiMeU:LKe rrpaBO,

HaMaraiOqHCh

RKi

YKpaiHi,

JiiKBi)J,aU:iR

,UocJii)J,HHK IIIO

ypo)KaH-

rrpon:ec

raJIHU:LKa

6a3yBaBCR Ha )J,aBHh03BHqa€BOMY pyCLKOMY rrpaBi,

He3a)J,OBOJieHHR

3eMJii

IIOBHHHOCTeH

6iJILIII

CTOpiH.

IlpHqHHH BTeq CeJIRH IIORCHHTH HeBa)KKO. TOIO

XJii6opo6CTBa,

IIpOXO)J,HB

IIIJIRXTa,

3eMJIRX. 3eMJIR

6yJIH

oco6JIHBO

CeJIRHaM,

raJIHU:LKiH CRHOU:LKa

)1,0

3eMJii

HaHaKTHBHiiiie 3eMJii,

3aXi)J,HOI

IIIO

IIpH)J,aTHOIO

raJIHU:LKa

IIiJILrH

TOMY,

Ha He6e3IIeKy:

)J,aBaJia i

MaJIO i

Toro

Hi3yBaTH

HaH6iJILIIIe

IIOJIRraJIH

cy)J,y

IIOXHJIOrO

i3 cyci)J,Hix xpeCT

rrpo

IIHChMOBHX IIpHBiJieiB rrpaBa

rrepe)J,

CTapo)J,aBHi

,MH 3

CBOI

)J,aBHHHH,

HaCTYIIOM rrpaBa.

Bi)J, )J,i)J,iB-

204

BoJtoiJuMup

BIJJ: IIOBCTAHb HAPOJJ:HO-Bll3BOJibHOI

JJ: 0 ut, i)J,

IIpOCTHX

IIaCHBHHX

lj>opM

crrocTepiraeMo

I I O)J,iJIJii

raJIHllhKOMY

xeTChKHX

p0Th6H

HHMH

IlOJihilla

Micu;e

3aHMaJIHCH

YXBaJIHB

pH)J,

HKoro

Ha3BH

6e3

,JII03Hi

TaKHX

rri3rriiiie.

JIIO)J,HX

3a3HaqaJIOCH, cJiyM6n,

a6o

He6e3IIeKy IIIO

TOll

KapaeThCH

IIIO,

)J,JIH

JIIO)J,H"

MiCIIH

3rO)J,OM

CeHM

rro36aBJierri

6y)J,h-

Koqyroqn,

3aXOIIJIIOBaJIH

Peqi

IIocrroJIHTol,

IIpHHHHB

ceJiax

Haiia)J,aJIH

IXH€

3YCTpiqaiOThCH

XTO

MaHHO. B

)J,Me-

B6aqaroqn B

IIOCTaHOBy,

KaTeropii JII03HHX JIIO)J,eH,

3a rrepe6yBaHHH

6o-

3ri)J,HO

HHX.

IIOCTiHHO

IIIJIHXTH,

,UJIH

3aKOHH.

KapaJIHCH.

IIIJIHXTy,

ypH)J,

rra

IIIJIH-

rra3HBaiOThCH

rrepeXO)J,HJIH

IIpOTH

,cBaBiJILHi

1396

CT.

30KpeMa

JIIO)J,hMH".

lKOpCTOKi

HKi

CeJIHH-

o<J>iu;iiiHHX

qacTo

,JII03HHMH

KaTeropil rraceJieHHH,

opeH)J,apiB

JIIO)J,H"

IIHChMOBHX

lKOpCTOKO

CIIpHMOBaHHX

OIIOpy

YKpalrrn,

rroBcTarru;i

ryJihTHI,

IIpHCTaHOBHilla,

KYIIlliB,

peJiax )J,eiiiO

6yJIH po3operri

Manna,

6araTHX

Micu;nx

BCTaHOBJIIOBaJia

Haiia)J,aMH,

3aKOHiB,

3araJioM u;e

cT.

36pOHHHX BHCTyiiiB.

JIIO)J,hMH",

134 7

CTaTyTy

6araTLox

XIV -XV

,cBaBiJihHHMH

BicJiillhKOrO

IIpnKaprraTTi.

)J,OKyMeHTax

,ryJihTHHMH",

i il H

aHTHij>eo)J,aJihHOrO

CTBO IIOCTYIIOBO rrepeXO)J,HJIO )1,0

i3ii£

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

HKiH

Ma€ piqrroi

MicTax IIITpalj>oM B

rpnBeHh.

3aHHTh, p0Th6H. KiB

BOHH

JII03HHX JIIO)J,eil.

6yJIH

BCiH

MaJio

CaMe

lj>eo)J,aJihHY KaTeropil

yKpaiHChKHX 3

xporriK

JII03HHX

HaiiiHX

rroJihChKHX

MeMyapncTiB

JIIO)J,eH

.H.

u;nx

rrapo)J,HHX

Mecrrn-

IloBCTaHu;i

36p0€10

IIi)],

rrapTH3aHChKY

KaprraTChKHX

6y)J,h-HKHX

aHTHij>eo)J,aJihHOI 6o-

YKpaiHH.

XOJIO)J,HOIO

CIIpHMOBaHi

rri

BHHHKJIH

qac

TaKTHKY

rrepiiii

6yJIH Ha)J,iH.

3arOHH

OIIpHIIIKiB.

,UJiyroiiia,

KpoMepa

neJihChKoro )J,OBi)J,yeMocn rrpo rrapo)J,Hi 3aBopyiiieHHH rra 3axi)J,rroyKpa-

IHChKHX )J,ylKe HH

ociJiocTi,

3arorrn

3aCTOCOByBaJIH

ryJihTHIB

IIOCTaHOBH,

rri

yqacHHKaMH

TOroqacHOI

rrepeBalKHO

3HaTh

K03aKiB

Maroqn

oprarri3oBarri

TepHTOpii

036poerri IIpHMiTHBHOIO, IIa)J,iB

HaifaKTHBHiiiiHMH

HeBeJinqKi,

)J,iHJIH

CeHM YXBaJIIOBaJIH

aiiMe IIIOPOKY KopoJih

rrpoTH ryJILTHIB

3eMJIHX

CKyrri,

i1,pyriil

JiaKOHiqrri,

raJIHllhKHX

CeJIHH

rroJIOBHHi

aJie

cT.

IIpaB)J,a,

HHX MOlKHa )J,OBi)J,aTHCH

IIaHyBaHHHM

IIHX

KpaHX

u;i

rroBi)J,OMJieHHH

rrpo

IIOJihChKHX

He3a)J,OBOJieH lj>eo)J,aJiiB.

ImoempoeaHa

iemopi5l

3a IX )J,aHHMH, TO

TyT,

c)>eo)J,aJihHi

TaM

HKHX Bi)J,6yJIOCH B

ChKOrO

3yBaB CHB

II p 0

Jl.

IIIJIHXeTChKOI

nicKiJihKH

ceJIHHaM

HKe

BOHH

Kparo.

rap6aBIIIH

Ha)J,MipHe qnHHJIH

IIoJihChKi

BaJIH

ceJIHH

rraTH

qyMi

HHX

,UJiyIIoJih-

cnMrraTHaJie

MY-

,3JIO

rra-

raJinqnnn,

ceJia

3eMJii

Bi)J,OMOrO IIOJih-

XpOHiCTa-iCTOpHKa

BH3HaqHTH

HiB",

205

ToM

aHTH-

Hai16iJihiiie

14 6 9

rrpau;i

i)J,eoJiora

B qennil

Illi.

raJIHllhKiH HapOCTaJIH

BHCTYIIH,

)J,OBi)J,y€MOCH 3

roiiia,

IlpuKapnammR.

raJIHllhKO-

cJ>eo)J,aJin,

MicTa,

3MyiiiyBaJIH

3a-

rrpnrniqyIX

Bi)J,cTy-

3eMJii.

Ilopmpem ,36iJihiiiHJIOCH

TOrO

po)J,y

noJZbebKO<o

Mapu,iHa IIOJihChKHX KOJIH,

IIaHiB,

IIHCaB

OTpHMaBIIIH Bi)J, KOpOJIH

xpoHiema

3JIO

BiH,

KpoMepa.

MaJZ/OHOK

em.

B )J,apH MicTa

ceJia B

€ThCH

CTBo,

T06To

na II o)J,iJIJii, nix

PycLKiil 3eMJii (Ma-

yBa3i

PycLKe

BO€BO)J,-

B. L)

raJinqnny -

ycyBaJIH i3 3eMJii )J,aB-

MeiiiKanu;iB

Ta IX po)J,HHH, KOM BChOrO i

( ceJIHH

r.)

HKi, yTncKyBani 6pa6i)J,OIO,

3MyiiieHi 6yJIH

BTiKaTH" • .Hn

,UJiyroiii

Bi)J,3HaqaB

ni rrpnqnnn

rroBcTaHHH ceJIHH, IXH€

HeCTeprrHe

CTaHOBHlle,

JIOCH

TOpChKOI HiB.

pe3yJihTaTi IIOJiiTHKH

3aXOIIJieHHH

ChKHX

3eMeJih,

XpOHiem

MaJZ/OHOK

5JH j(JlycOUl.

XV em.

Bi)J,XO)J,HTH

OJI)J,aBiiO

)J,HH,

HKe

CKJia-

KOJIOHi3a-

IIOJihChKHX rra)J,BOpOM

YTHCKH

rrpnrni qennn CeJIHH

IlOJlbebKUU

cou;iaJih-

CeJIHHiHIIIOrO

rrpnMyiiiyBaJIH Ha

IIiB)J,eHh,

iniiii TepnTopii

3rO)J,OM IIOBepTaTHCH B

rriBpi)J,-

206

BoJtoiJuMup

HHH 3a

Kpaif,

JIOCH

UJ:06

IIOMCTHTHCH

KpHB~H.

cBol

1469

TaK

p03110pH~lKeHHi

HaiiiOMY

Ke-

raJIHIIhKOrO

110-

14 6 9

THX

HKHMH

MO,

3p06HTH

MOlKHa UJ:O

BOHO

O~HHM

~O~Hi

BHCHO-

Haif6iJihiiiHX

3aXi~HOyK

3eMJIHX

Hallepe-

BHHHKHeHHH

ChKOrO

CeJIHH-

IIi~

IIOBCTaHHH

BO~OM

aHTH-

xapaKTep

3aBopyiiieHh paiHChKHX

Bi-

BOJIO~ie

HOCHJIO

Ij>eo~aJihHHH 6y JIO

~a-

CHJIH

~OMOCTeif,

BOK,

cTa-

HeMa€

HHX 11p0 pyiiiiHHi

BCTaHHH

MaJIL,

piBHHKa

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

llpO-

Myxn.

3HaqHa qacTHHa po3pi3HeHHX CTHXiHHHX aHTHij>eo~aJih HHX

BHCTylliB

CeJIHH,

30Kpe-

nO!lKOBOiJeU,b

HapoiJHuCi Ma Ha llaTTi

raJIHIIhKOMY

XIY-XY

TyBaJia

u;e

BeJIHKe

XyiJoJICHUK

IIpnKap-

MuxaCiJto

Myxa.

TKaiteHKO

lli~ro-

cT.,

Hapo~He

IIOBCTaHHH,

HKe

BH6yxHyJIO

HallpHKiHIIi

CTOJiiTTH. llpo

yKpaiHChKe

iloro

JI.

HaKKep

IIOBCTaHHH CTellaH iMeHi

,B3HB

Myxa".

CJiyM6y

OqeBH~Ho Myxy

Illo ceJIHH,

yKpaiHChKe

IIOJIKOBO~ellh

IIHCaB

11p0

PYCHHA

,cxH3MaTHKoM", KaTOJIHIIhKa

HaCeJieHHH Myxa

lli~TBep~MYIOTh y

TaK

raJIHIIhKOrO

BHIIa~KoBo

if oro

UJ:O

Haiii

llpaBOCJiaBHOrO

BHXO~ellh

I I OJILID:i

RH HK

110

A.r!Ly

Toil

BipOCIIOBi~aHHH.

cepe~OBHUJ:a

IIOXO~lKeHHH:

rOCIIO~ap

11pHHH3JIHBO

yKpaiHChKHX

cBolx MeMyapax ToroqacHi xpoHicTn. CeJIHHChKe

TaK,

B. r.)

KopoJih

llpaBocJiaBHHM,

BepxiBKa

TiJih-

oqeBH~IIH

MOJI~aBChKHH

(KypcHB

cyqacHHKH.

IIIJIHXTHqa

IIOJihChKHH

To6To

CBi~qHTh

repOH

lli~KpecJIIOIOTh

UJ:O~eHHHKY,

CBO€MY

co6i

HapO~HOrO

u;e

OIIOBi~aHHH

IIOJihChKO-IIIJIHXeTChKa

Ha3HBaJia

Mep

Myxa,

OCHOBi

IIHCaB

6pexT Ha3HBaB qac

IIOXO~lKeHHH

11pi3Bnrn:e

, 0TMe,

Kpo-

XJIOII

O~HH,

lfllocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

rrpocTHH, Ha rrpi3Bnrn;e Myxa". IIOJihChKHH

XpOHiCT M.

,Myxa

JIOTp,

ceJIRHCLKOMY RKHH IIHCaB,

3a3HaqaJIH u:e

n€JihChKHH IIHIIIe

RKHHCh

BOJIOIIIHH,

rroxo)J,*eHHi

Hapo)J,Horo

ID:O

207

ToM

iHrni JiiTorrncu:i.

Bi)J,OMHH

3 IIpHBO)J,y HOrO IIOXO)J,)KeHHR:

XJIOII

IIpOCTHH".

rroJIKOBO)J,IIR

HarOJIOIIIY€

Myxa ,HiRKOrO XJIOIIChKOrO po)J,y",

CTpHKOBCLKHH,

T06TO CeJIRHChKOrO

IIOXO)J,)KeHHR. TaKHM

qnHOM,

O)J,HH IIpOCTHH",

BHCJIOBH

MeMyapHCTiB

,XJIOII IIpOCTHH",

,ciJILChKHH

qoJIOBiK",

,XJIOII

,HiRKOrO XJIOIIChKOrO po)J,y" rrepeKOH-

JIHBO CBi)J,qaTL rrpo CeJIRHCLKe IIOXO)J,)KeHHR KepiBHHKa IIOBCTaHHR MyxH, a

TaKO)K HaM

MyxH, noro

)J,aiOTh

qac

OCKiJILKH

po6HB

OKpeMy

CBOI

BeJIHKi

yBary

CeJIRHChKOrO

BHXO)J,ellh

MiCU:eBoro

YKpaiHi,

CaMe

ceMHi

3ra)J,KH

qac

14 9 2

)J,aTy -

3HaHTH

xaHa

KHIBID:HHi

HHM

CaMe

EyKOBHHH

po3rOpHyB

KepiBHHKiB

K03aKiB.

ripen

0)J,Hi

6o-

KHR3L

1489

BiH

1492

BOHH

3aroHiB?

rreprni

IIH-

Ha3HBaiOTh

OJieKcaH)J,p B

rn:o

Ke-

Ha)J,)J,HiiipRH-

K03aU:LKHX

KOpa6eJIL,

)J,OCJii)J,HHKH

rrncaB,

CTaB

nyKOBHHH,

rrpnrra)J,aiOTL

JIHCTi

po3rropR)J,HBCR

3aXOIIJieHHH KHRHa-

IIOCHJiaiOqHCh

0qeBH)J,HO,

Myxa

14 6 9

n€JihChKOrO, BKa3yiOTh

BiH

TepHTOpil

rroBcTaHHR

iCTOpHKH,

Ilo)J,iJIJii.

qepKarn;HHi,

)J,e

HaCeJieHHR,

TaTapChKHH

IHIIIi

IIOJihChKOrO XpOHiCTa M. )J,iRJIH

rrepiiiHX

MeHrJii

,Me)KH K03aKaMH"

BCTaHOBHTH

BHXO)J,U:eM

TepHTOpiRX

IIHTaHHR:

yKpaiHChKOrO

yKpaiHChKHX

qepKaCU:RMH.

U:HX

IIOJIKOBO)J,IIR

rrorn;aCTHJIO

6yB

To)J,i BeJIHKHH JIHTOBCLKHH

KpHMCLKoro

CeJIRHHHOM.

CeJIRHChKOrO

Myxa

IIOBCTaHHR

O)J,HH

y6orHM

IIOXO)J,H.

oqoJIIOBaHoro rrpo

HaBiTh rn:o

3aCJiyroBy€

piBHHKOM

ChKiH

CaMe

HOrO

HapO)J,)KeHHR

Mo*Ha rrpnrrycTHTH,

IloKyTTR,

pOTL6y

)J,O

BBa)KaTH Micn:e

cyqacHHKaM-MeMyapHCTaM

iM'n.

a6o

IIi)J,CTaBy

Bi)J,OMi

6yJIH

IIOBi)J,OMJieHHR p.,

KOJIH K03a-

K03aKH Bi)J,OMi

)J,iRJIH

Ilo)J,iJIJii.

CrrnparoqncL Ha )J,aHi MeMyapncTiB, )J,eRKi )J,OCJii)J,HHKH po6HJIH crrpo6y noH'R3aTH

HoH~

IloBCT3JUI Hi"i

IIOBCTaHHR

CTBep)J,*YBaJIH,

ce6e

K03aKaMH.

Hi.niHCbK~~

11.1 i

i>>

MeTOIO

IIIOB3B,

Myxn,

rroqaTKOM

MeMyapncT

1491

rrJie6eiB,

raJIHU:LKi

3-IIi)J, KpiiiOCHOl

Ili)J,TBep)J,*YBaB Ta

yKpaiHChKOrO

Myxoro

3)J,ora)J, CaMyiJI

RKi )J,iitmJIH )J,O Hhoro B

ID:O

BIIxi,IJ:rJ.5I

KepoBaHi

BH3BOJieHHR

rraTpnu:in

rrepeKa3M,

MyXH rn:o

,BeJIHKa

arpecHBHoro

3aJie)KHOCTi,

rrorrepe)J,Hix KyrneBnq.

cepe)J,uui

KiJILKiCTh

K03aU:TBa.

ceJIRHH,

XVII

JIIO)J,eH

qoJioBiKa,

RKi

Ha3HBa-

icTopnKiB

CrrnparoqncL cT., IIi)],

HarraJIH

Bin ni)J,-

IIpOBO)J,OM Ha rrpoBiH-

208

BoJtoiJuMup

uj10

KOpoJiiBCTBa"

3aroHoM

(raJIHllhKY

3eMJI10),

aHoHiMHoro

rroJihChKoro

CBOIM

y,ll,apHHM

XVII cT.

XVII

B qeHHH

cT.,

HKHH

Ha3HBae

, ... rroBcTaHHH 1490 poKy 6yJio B oqax

rroBcTaHHHM

ceJIHHChKHM".

roJio6yu;hKHH. IIocHJiaiOqHCh

MeMyapncTa

Myxy K03aKoM, BiH Bi)J,3Haqae: cyqacHHKiB TiJihKH

TOR

,Ha)J,aBaB crroco6y K03allhKoro TOBapHCTBa".

Ha u;e 3BepHyB yBary i rrpo<J>ecop B. Ha

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

BMe

K03allhKo-ceJIHHChKHM,

rri,ll,KpecJiroe,

rrnceMHa

3ra)J,Ka rrpo

XVII cT. e ,ll,yMe u;iKaBHM

KepiBHHKa rroBcTaHu;iB HK rrpo K03aKa me B HBHmeM. Ha

OCHOBi

BaTalKOK

6yB

llhOro

MOlKHa

O)J,HHM

BHCYHYTH

IIpHrrymeHHH,

He3a)J,OBOJieHHX

p030peHHX

ceJIHHChKHH

CeJIHH-BTiKaqiB

IloKyrrn a6o EyKoBHHH, HKHH i cTaB opraHi3aTopoM rrepiiiHX K03au;LKHX 3aroHiB Ha YKpaiHi. IIi)J,HHB

3rO)J,OM BiH IIOBepHyBCH B pi,ll,HHH Kpaif i TYT

IIOBCTaHHH.

BapTe yBarn if Te,

3 K03allhKHM reTLMaHoM I. MeMyapn M. Mye,

XIV-XV cT. rropiBHIOIOTh Myxy

JiiTorrncu;i

II i)J,KOBOIO.

u;i

JiiTOIIHClli,

6y,ll,yqn

IIi)),

M oxoB,

CBilKHM

K03aKiB y MoJI)J,aBil rri)J, rrpoBO)J,OM I. BHcTyrroM

orrnparoqnch Ha

CTpHKOBChKoro i xpoHiKy M. KpoMepa, cJiyiiiHO 3ayBa-

Myxn.

BpaMeHHHM

)J,iHJihHOCTi

Ili)J,KOBH, rrpnpiBHIOBaJIH noro 3

qac )J,iHJihHOCTi

Ili)J,KOBH B rraM'HTi

Hapo,ll,Hiil

me MHJIH crrora)J,H rrpo rroJIKOBO,ll,IIH Myxy HK rroBcTaHIIH K03allhKoro THrry.

MeMyapncT

JieHHH rrpo u;i

CTpHKOBChKHH

rro)J,il ,BoJiox

HaBiTh

Myxa -

Ha3BaB

,ll,pyrnil

cBoe

rroBi)J,oM-

Ili)J,KOBa".

Jl:yMe BalKJIHBHM € IIHTaHHH rrpo CKJia)J, IIOBCTaHChKOI apMii MyxH, 6e3 3'HcyBaHHH HKOrO He MOlKHa 3p03yMiTH Hapo)J,Horo pyxy. HHKaMH pncT

rroBcTaHHH

JIH

6yJIH

ceJIHHH

ToprOBHChKa

3i6paHi 3eMJiepo6cLKi JIIO)J,H,

BoJiomHHH

CBO€MY a

Pyci IIOKYTHH B

ChKHH CTBep,ll,MyBaB,

)J,MeHHH

BoJiomHHH -

BoJioxiB i

L) )J,O

xapaKTepy

IloKyTTH.

TBOpi-xpoHiu;i KpoMep

,3i6paB 3 BOJIOXiB i

JIIO)J,eil

rrepe,ll,yMOB

IIHChMOBHX )J,MepeJiax qiTKo cKa3aHo,

IIHIIIe,

rroBi)J,OMJIHB,

10 THCHq BiHChKO".

yqac-

MeMya-

mo 6yJIH mo Myxa M.

b€Jih-

rrpocTHH ceJIHHHH Myxa ,3i6paB 6yB TaKHX Pyci,

caM

10-TH THcnq".

IloKyTchKOI Pyci

(To6To

Ilpo Te,

10 THcnq

ceJIHHChKoro

Myxa

qoJioBiK", rrncaB i

rroxo-

,3i6paB 3 M.

CTpH-

KOBChKHH. 3 HOIO

IIHX JiaKOHiqHHX IIOBi)J,OMJieHh XpOHiCTiB )J,OBi)J,y€MOCH,

CHJIOIO rroBcTaHHH

IloKyTTH.

Myxn 6yJIH

ceJIHHH

MoJI)J,aBil i

y,ll,ap-

lfllocmpoBaHa XponicTH

icmopiR

roBopRTL

nyKOBHHH,

rrpo

TO)J,iiiiHhOI

IloKyTTR, )J,.lKepeJia

3araJIOM He

IIOXO)J,HJIH

IIHIIIe

rrpo 3

JIIO)J,Y,

O)J,aJILHOrO

THX,

rHiTy,

,ryJILTRRMH",

rrpo

IIIO

RKHR

BCJii)J,

ce6e

Bi)J,oMo,

HaKa3y

Bi)J,qyJIH rHiT.

rpnropiR

MaJIH

ceJIRHH

MiCT

ceJIRHH

n€JihChKHR,

yBa3i

iHIIIHX

BH)J,iJIRIOqH

Pyci".

IloKyTTR

Ha .lKaJIL, BoJIOIIIHHH

IIIO )J,O

ceJia

IloKyTTi.

TaK i

,Myxa,

CaM".

HeKTO,

IIIJIRXTH,

Myxy"

KpiM

Ma€TKH

nepe30BChKHX B

TOR

qac,

Eepe30BCLKHX,

yKpaiHChKOI

)J,O

Myxn

KOJIH

Te,

BHC-

rycTHHChKOrO TaKO.lK

IIIO

qacTH-

Eepe30BCLKi

p.,

RKHM

BacHJIR,

IIi)J,HRB

MH )J,i3Ha€MOCR

BOHH

BiH

IleTpa,

IIi)J,TpHMaJIH

IIOBCTaHHR

rrpH€)J,HaJIHCR

KHRrHHHU:LKi,

TaBpye

CBOeBOJihHHK,

1498

IBaHa,

TOR

ycix

ThiCRqeR".

Ilpo u:e

rroBcTann:iB

IIIJIRXTH:

CBiTJii

rrpHMKHyJia

6epe3HR

rpHHR, 3a

)J,eCRTH

30KpeMa

Eepe3oBa na KoJIOMHRIIIHHi. Bi)J,

ABTOp

BOJIOIIIHH, C

MeMy-

IIO)J,aiOqH

Ha3HBa€ IIOJIKOBO)J,-

KpoMepoM

rroBcTaHHR

JIHa AJIL6pexTa

IlOJILilli,

ROrO rro6paTHMiB,

n€JihChKHR

<J>e-

,JIOTpaMH",

IlOJihCLKi

HeraTHBHOMY

CBOeBOJihHHKOB

KOH<J>icKyBaTH

!1,pi6nol

,TaKHX,

ceJIRHCLKoro

iHIIIHX

,CXH3MaTHKa

Myxy, i

rrpaBocJiaBnol

KOpOJIR

COU:iaJILHHR IIpOTH

Ha3HBaJia

IIIJIRXeTChKOI

po3ope-

6e3rrpaBnoro

6opn:i

JIIO)J,hMH".

pp.,

HeCTepiiHHR

piiiiyqi

IIpHHH3JIHBO

,JII03HHMH

n€JihChKHM

.lKe

co6i

6yJIH

KJiacy

y6ornx i

o6e3)J,OJienoro

1490-1492

3i6paB M.

CKJia)J,aJIHCR 3

IIIJIRXTa

IIOBCTaHU:iB:

p03IIOpR)J,HBCR

pO)J,H

3aronn

pyxy.

TaKOBhiX

yKpalncLKol

ripcLKoro 3

naR6iJILIII

IIaHiBHOrO

napO)J,HOro

CaMHX

co6paJI

RKHX

IIOBCTaHHR

,JIOTpOM",

ROrO

CiJI

RK CaMoro IIOJIKOBO)J,IIR

JiiTOIIHCY

6yJIH

BOHH

IIOBCTaHU:iB-CeJIRH

,cBaBiJILHHMH",

i)J,eOJIOrH

yqacHHKiB U:R

Pyci,

ciO)J,H BXO)J,HJIH

aJie

RKHX

rroBcTaHCLKi

HaU:iOHaJILHO-peJiiriRHHR

TaBJIRJIH

HHX

CKJia)J,y MOJI)J,aBChKOrO rOCIIO)J,apCTBa.

o.lKJIHBo,

rrpe)J,cTaBHHKiB

CiJILChKOrO

3BiCTKH

cepe)],

IIOBCTaJii.

ceJIRH,

apHCTH,

aJie

IloKyTChKOI

YKpaiHH,

BKa3yiOTh,

Ee3rrepeqno,

209

ToM

MOJI)J,aBaH,

HaCeJieHHR

raJIHU:LKol 3eMJii.

TepHTOpiR

HHX

rrpo

RKa TO)J,i BXO)J,HJia )1,0

roBOpRqH ceJIRH

IlpUJwpnammR.

iniiii

illeiiTHU:LKi,

rpa-

6oseu,bKi. Ba.lKJIHBY M

pOJih

IIOBCTaHHR MH

niH.i,

IIOBCTaHHi

MyXH

KoJIOMHI Ta

HaiiiOHaJibHO-BH3BOJILHa iHJIHXeTChKOrO

Bi)J,irpaJIH

IIpH€)J,HaJIHCR raJinqa. BiRHa

IIOHeBOJieHHR.

Bee

)1,0 n:e

yKpaiHCLKi

HhOro, RCKpaBO

yKpaiHChKOrO

MiillaHH,

30KpeMa,

IIIO

MiillaHH

3aCBi)J,qye:

Hapo)J,y

IIpOTH

6yJia

IIOJihChKO-

BoJtoiJuMup

210

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

IIOXOJJ:ll MYXll HA f AJillQbKill 3EMJII OBCTaHChKi nyJIO

u;e

aJihHHX rroqnHaroqn B

AHrJiil

U:e

Bi)J,

)J,O

BMe

rpyrr

ceJIHH,

ceu;h

KpoMep

3po3yMiJIO, Bi)J,Hy

u;iJie

TaKa

opraHi3au;iifHy

COTeHh, )J,eCHTKiB 3 €Hi

MH,

OCHOBHOMY

COKHpaMH,

3araJioM 6opoTL6n

)J,iBaHO 3

rraHChKHX BOHH

CaM

HHlKqo"j

co6010

BH)J,HO,

3aHBJIHB,

pi3Hy

MaTH THIIY

IIaJiaiiiaMH, BHJiaMH

MycnJia

IIpOTe

Ha3HBaiOTh

BH)J,iJIHBCH

TOIIIO.

,i3

u;e 3a

JIHIIIe

6yTn MeTy

BOJihOBa BH3BOJIHTH

MoJI)J,aBii Ha

3arOHH

nyKOBHHH

To6TO

aHrJiiHChKOro

6yB

JIIO)J,HHa,

raJIHllhKOI y

,MH

rroBi)J,OMJieHHH

JI.

IIIO

)J,o6pe

IIIO

€

IIIO

ychoro

po3yMiHHi

Pa3iHa.

HaKKepa

3a6npaJIH

rroBi)J,OMJieHi,

copaTHHKiB,

HaiiiOMY caM

eKcrrJiyaTaTopiB rHiTy

PychKOro

CeJIHHChKHH

BHIIa)J,KOBO

Ha3HBaB

if oro

rro-

MYlKHiCTIO.

CeJIHH

BO€BO)J,-

BOlK)J,h

riJihOMa KaJIH

p03IIOpH-

KepiBHHK

opraHi3aTopa

HeHaBH)J,iJia

<J>paHIIY3hKOro

CTerraHa

HeCIIO-

BHKJIIOqeHa

HKHX

IIOJihChKO-IIIJIHXeTChKOrO

3eMJii,

IIOBHOMY

YoTa TeiiJiepa,

noJIOTHiKoBa

rrepeKJia)J,i

BiH

IIOBCTaJIHX 6yJIH

xoq

KOHHX,

Bi)J,oMo,

3)J,i6HOCTHMH

3-IIi)J,

)J,O

Ka3HMHp

KOHen".

)J,lKepeJia,

rrpi3BHIII.

BeJIHKHMH

036po-

poraTHHa-

rri)J,rOTOBJieHa

3arOHH

IIiiiii,

IIIO

)J,06nqy,

6araTi

lxHix

Bi)J,IIOIIOJIKiB,

KopoJih

IIOCJiy:

IIIO

6yJIH

rrpocyBaJiacn

KopoJih

B3HJIH

JiiTorrn-

CBiTJIOCTi".

IIOBCTaHu;i lx

rpyiiH

CIIpaBi

cT.

po3-

Myxn.

MYCHJia

)J,o6pe

BiHChKOBiH

if oro

BHIIa)J,KOBO

IIoJihChKHH

MOJI)J,aBChKOMY

IIOBi)J,OMJieHHH

qacTHHa

CTapiiiHHH,

CTaBHJia

IBaHa

IIHCaB

6yJia

ceJIHH

XVI

lloBCTaHu;i 6yJIH

KOCaMH,

Ma€TKH

MaeTKax.

BCTaHu;iB

CTBa.

IIIO

OKpeMi

IIIa6JIHMH,

cou;i-

€Bporri,

IIOBCTaHHH

BiilcLKo"

HOlKaMH,

BIIpaBHi

He3a)J,oBoJieHnx

apMiH

CTapiiiHHOIO.

qoJIOBiK.

pi3HHX

HiMeqqnHi

36p0€10,

Myxn

,3aroHn"

IIIJIHXTOIO.

0qeBH)J,HO,

LKaKepil

, 10-TncnqHe

apMiH

Haii6iJihiiiHX

BiHHH

THCHq

Myxa He Mir KepyBaTH TaKoiO BeJIHKOIO apMiero 6e3

)J,lKeHHi,

BMiJii,

B)J,epJIHCH

MOlKJIHBiCTh,

IIIO

Hapo)J,Ha

CeJIHHChKa

Bi)J,IIOBi)J,HOIO

BiHChKO

BiilchKO.

IIO)J,iJI

XOJIO)J,HOIO

KOpOJiiBChKOrO

IIi)J,rOTOBJieHi.

rrpo

BeJIHKa

CXeMy,

14 91

IIpHHIIIJIH

Hapo)J,He

rroJihChKOIO

JlraHJIOHqHK )J,HHX

,Kyrrn"

TOIIipu;HMH,

Me 3

qac

O)J,He

CeJIHHChKOI

roBopnB

IIIO

TOR

<l>paHIIY3hKOI

oKpeMi

pi3HeHnx

HaJiiqyBaJIH

IIpnKaprraTTH,

CJiaBeTHOI

Myxn

BeJIHKe

cJiaBH03BicHol

6yJIH

3arOHH

)J,ylKe

THIIY

pociHChKHX JiicKe

,BOM)J,eM".

rrpn

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopifl

CeJHIHChKe

rroBcTaHHH

30Cepe)J,.lKeHHH B

po3rroqaJiocn

IIOBCTaHu;iB

BH3HaqHTH

211

1 BJiiTKy

MoxoB Ha rri)J,cTaBi apMiH

,Ha

qoJii

C~OpMyBaJIHCh rroBcTaJIHX, IIOBiB

Hallly

IIYHKTH

peH)J,

rriBHiq". 3aroHH

.lKO)J,HHX

TepHTOpil.

nyKOBHHH,

~eo)J,aJiiB TpHMaTH

OKOJIHllh

caMe

IIIO

6yJIH

KaprraTChKi

IIOKOpi

,PycaJiu;i Bpa.lKHX IOTh

BeJIHqaiOTh".

rrep111i

CB06o)J,H",

CaMe

BarHJieBnq

,po3BHBaJiocn

)],pyre

3arOHH

,HeBIDhHHKaMH

rrncaB:

IIOBCTaHu;iB

HeHa.lKepJIHBOI

BarHJieBnq, -

llpHMyllleHHH

IIJ,O

CaM

npu

)J,yMaTH

)J,OCHraJia

Bi)J,OMO. Myxn

llpHIIY!lleH-

rip i

ceJIHHH

rriceHh, HK

Ba.lKqe

KpyTHMH

CKeJIHMH,

IIOJIOHHHa-

i B

CTaJia B

6e3rrpaB'H

IIIJIHXTH".

Harra)J,iB IIOMHHaMicu;eM,

iHIIIHX

MiCIIH

)J,JIH IBaH

cJiaBeTHiil

cepe)],

)J,JIH

CaMe

rriCHHX

BHacJii)J,oK

HKOMY

CBOIX

~eo)J,aJih

KaprraTaX,

)J,e

rrpoHBJIH€ThCH

rrparHeHHH

)J,O

TaKHX

MiCIIHX

, 3po3yMiJIO,

TaKiil He6e3rreu;i rrpo

BHri)J,Hi

BMillleHHX

Micu;eBiCTh

ce6e

rrorpa-

IIOBCTaHu;iB.

orrpHIIIKiB.

U:e

IIOBCTaJIHX.

6yJIH

qacTO

6yJio

rraHiB.

IIIHpOKHMH

BeJieTH •••

TaK

~)1,

TiKaJIH

BJia)J,a

opraHi3au;ii

ripCbKa

BHri)J,Hi

.lKHTTH,

arrapaToBi

6acTiOH

KaprraTChKHX

roBopHB,

lllyKaB

U:e

nyKOBHHH

MaHeBpyBaHHH

HaqiM IX

BHri)J,Ha

3aroHy

IIOKYTChK0-6yKOBHHChKOrO

,ropn,

Hapo)J,a,

Hiqoro

p031Ioqa-

HacaMrrepe)J,, i

HaceJieHi

MOrJIH

,rrorpaHnqqn.

paHOH

Hapo)J,HHX

HKHH

3)J,06yTi HHMH MiCTa

3arOHH

TaKO.lK

JiiCaMH

CBO€pi)J,HHH

)J,O

qepe3

3ocepe)J,.lKeHHH

u;eHTp

6opOTh6H,

3aroHH

HapO)J,

YMOBH

Ha)J,iHHHH

ropn

3aCiKOM

Ma€TKaX

H.III I.

llpHpO)J,Hi

,I(HicTpoBiil",

6yJIH

3HaqaThCH

CJia6KO

Herrpoxi)J,HHMH

Maca

Myxoro,

MoJI)J,aBil.

)J,ep.lKaBHOMY

KY)J,H

HHX

BpeiiiTi,

HaM

MaJI03aCeJieHHH

rrepe)J,MOBi

BHHHKJIH

rrpau;nx

)J,e

30Cepe)J,HJiaCh qoJii

rrpocyBaHHH

3aKaprraTTH

Micu;n,

u;e

10-Tncnq)J,e

BHHTH IX

apryMeHTaMH.

rrapTH3aHChKOI y

rrpo

IIIO

aBTOpa.

rroqaTKOBoro

CTBOpiOBaJIH

BarHJieBnq

IIOKH

llpHIIY!lleHHH

)J,eHKHMH

rreqepaMH,

TaKHMH

Be)J,eHHH

6YB

KpaHHhOMY BHIIa)J,Ky

xoq

MoJI)J,aBii",

raJIHqHHH,

TaKi

MaJIO)J,OCTYIIHHH

HHqqn,

HHX

CeJIHH

rJIH60KHMH

)J,e

OCKiJihKH

Micu;e

JIHIIIe

IIOKYTChKO- 6yKOBHHChKe

rri)J,TBep)J,.lKY€ThCH

MH.

MorJIH

HaTHKiB

pailoHoM

ripCbKe

HH30BHHHHX

6yB

u;e

ToqHe

MoJI)J,aBChKHH yqeHHH

HKHX

KepiBHHKH

AJie

HaBKOJIO

MoJI)J,aBChKOrO rOCIIO)J,apCTBa,

OqeBH)J,Ho, CTaJIO

BHMOrH,

CTBep)J,.lKye,

3i6paJiach

BH)J,iJIHJIHCh

iJ,YMKy,

HeMae

ceJia Ha u;iil

Myxoro

,OCHOBHi TaKo.lK

IIOBCTaHu;iB

)J,.lKepeJiax

cBi)J,qeHh JiiTorrncu;iB

HeMO.lKJIHBO,

.lKO)J,HHX )J,.lKepeJiaX )J,aHHX rrpo u;e He BHHBJieHO.

ToM

IlpuKapnammR.

CBOIO

IIOIIOBHHJIHCH -

llpO)J,OB.lKy-

Ta rrpnrHiqeHHi Hapo)J,

)J,OJIIO

CaMe

u;e

6y JIO

Bo;zoiJuMup

212 rrpuquHoiO, iioro

rn:o

iJ,YMKy,

lKHTTH

caMe

IloJILID:i,

IIOBCTaHII,HM

)J,JIH

3ocepe)J,MeHHH rip'n,

BU)J,HO,

Mir

TYT

KOI 3eMJii

KaprraTax

ryii,yJILChKHX

,CTBOpiOBaBCH i

rrpaB

3aiiaJIUB 3ariH,

ropax".

CIIiJihHHH

T06TO

rrepexpern:yBaJiucn MoJI)J,aBil,

MaHeBpyBaHHH.

IIpHMiTHTH

BiiicLKa,

CIIOCi6

lKHTTH

raii)J,a-

lj>aKeJI

Bi)J,OMOMY

IIIJIHXy,

IIOXO)J,U B

HaiipHMKY Haii6iJihiiiHX Ha TOM

CHHTUHa,

KoJIOMUI',

HaX.

B3HBIIIH

yci€10 MiCTa U

rroBcTaHChKa 3Bi)J,KU

IJ,Loro

BpaXOByBaTU

IIOBCTaHII,i

opraHi3yBaB

qac MiCT

PoraTUHa.

TaKi

Myxa

Haii6iJihiiiHMU

IIJia-

MicTa-lj>opTeii,i,

lj>aKTUqHo

3aMKaMU i

MOlKHa raJIUIIh-

CBOIX

OBOJIO)J,iJIH

raJIUII,hKOIO 3eMJieiO.

y3-

Qqe-

IIOXO)J,iB.

rrorpaHuqqn,

CHHTHHChKOMY

Mir

II,eHTpy

Myxa.

IIOBCTaHHH,

Maii6yTHiX

raJiuqa

Tphox

MOMJIHBiCTh

BHri)J,HOrO

IIOJIKOBO)J,eii,h

HapO)J,HOrO

IIJiaHU

KOp)J,OHH

)J,aBaJio

6yKoBHHChKo-rroKyTchKe

TaJiaHOBUTUU

CKJiaB

rn:o

TaKoro

6yKoBHHChKo-rroKyTchKoro

OIIUHUJiaCH po6UTU

Yroprn:uHu

ceJIHHChKoro

BiH

BnrtrnoBrnH

6y JIO

IIOpH)J,Ky

IIIUpOKOrO

aHTUij>eo)J,aJihHHH

apMiH

IIeBHOrO

3axucTy

ropax

IJ,e lKHTTH p03BUBaJIOCh IIIUpOKO Ha BepXOBUHaX IloKyTTH".

Toro,

)J,epMaB

rnyKaJiu

KaprraTChKHX

pucaMU

Maii,bKe ••• KpiM

BTiKaqi

Fpa6oeeU,bKUU

3ra)J,aHi

lj>opTeii,HMU 6yJIH

OIIOpHUMU

II,eHTpa-

MU rroJihChKoro rraHyBaHHH Ha IIpuKaprraTTi. 3)J,o6yTTH IX )J,aBaJIO MOlKJIHBiCTh IIOBCTaHII,HM o6eperTH ce6e Bi)J, HeCIIO)J,iBaHUX Haiia)J,iB IIIJIHXTU 3 THJIY i

SNCTII&Kil

ICTIJPIKG-JIITipayYpiD-IICTIIUIKII noplt. IPICINIIII 500-pi'I'IIO IO'I!TIJ CI.IIIICUOI"G 1111CTIIII II lptKipiiTTI

Ill IJIOIOA ....,..... "'"" ,.,.,. IIJn

O)J,HoqacHO IIOIIIUpiOBaTU IIO-

BCTaHHH

ITO

BChOMY

rreprnuM

KpaiO.

BeJIHKHM

MicToM,

HKe

6yJio B3HTe rroBcTaHII,HMH Myxu, cTaB CHHTUH.

YKpaiHChKi

TUHa,

CeJIHHH

MiiiJ:aHU

BChOrO

CHH-

CTapoc-

TBa, He3a)J,OBOJieHi IIaHyBaHHHM IIIJIHXIIi)J,TpUMaJIU orJiu

iioMy

IIOBCTaHHH. 3)J,o6yTu

BoHU MiCLKY

11,10, IIOIIOBHUJIU iioro 3arOHU.

£1quiD-~'IlriBH«tX ~ rpt:BHHtX ~ reJHIH«<I IJ:J£IaHI

IImiiW ITpUKapnarri

H a

CHHTHHIIJ:HHi

6y JIO

IIOJihChKO-IIIJIHXeTChKe

JiiKBi)J,oBaHo IIaHyBaHHH.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

,UpyrnM MicToM, IIHM

MicToM,

.HraiiJioHqnK paiHChKi

HKHM oBoJio)J,iB

rroJIHX

rrpniiMaB

Miio;aHn,

rri)J,)J,aHCTBO

HKi

KaTOJIHllhKHM

)J,eHi

Bci

MicTa

TaKO.lK

IIJiaTHJIH

BCiJIHKO CTBOM.

Ba.lKKi

YTHCKaJIHCH KpaiiiHM

6yJIO

TaKo.lK y

ceJiax

KoJIOMHH.

CaMe

KopoJih

6iJILIIIiCTh

HaceJieHHH Ha

3aMKY,

HHX

IIOBHHHOCTi

6araTiHMH,

CTaHOBHIIIe

CeJIHH

KoJIOMHHChKoro

rrepeKJia-

HaTypoiO,

B OHH

6y)J,oB.

IIaTpHo;iaTOM

YK-

KoJIOMHI,

6yJIH

MichKHX

rri)J,

Ka3HMHp

MOJI)J,aBChKoro rocrro)J,apn.

peMOHTY

MiChKHMH

6yJia

rroJihChKHH

IIaTpHo;iaTOM,

lj>eo)J,aJihHi

IIIJIHXTH,

Bi)J,

cTaHOBHJIH

IIpHrHiqeHi

213

Myxa,

,KocaqoBnx",

6yJIH

Tnrapi

ToM

rpiiiiMH, iJ,YXOBeH-

IIpHBaTHHX Ma€TKaX

cTapocTBa.

06ypeHe HeiiOCHJihHHMH IIOBHHHOCTHMH, yKpaiHChKe HaCeJieHHH KoJIOMHI i i

OKOJIHlli pa)J,o 3YCTpiJio rroBcTaHqy apMiiO

Myxn, rri)J,TpnMaJio II

crrpHHJIO 3)J,o6yTTIO MicTa. II 3aroHaMH 6yJIH 3axorrJieHi Bci IIIJIHXeT-

ChKi

Ma€TKH

CTapOCTBa,

JiiKBi)J,OBaHa

IIOJihChKO-IIIJIHXeTChKa

KoJIOMHHIIIHHa cTaJia i1,pyroro BeJIHKOIO TepnTopiero,

BJia)J,a.

oxorrJieHoiO rro-

BCTaHHHM. II OTiM

IIOBCTaHqa

apMiH

HarrpaBHJiaCH

raJIHq

CTOJIHIIIO

ra-

JIHllhKOI 3eMJii. He3a6apoM i iloro <J>opTeo;n 6yJia 3)J,o6yTa, a TepnTopin

rroBiTy

o;Loro

3BiJILHeHa

y)J,apHi

3aroHH

BaJIH Ha PoraTHH. XV )J,e

cT.

Bi)J,oMe

Xo)J,qa.

KopoJieBi Myxa

EyB

TYT

BiH

IIIJIHXTnq HacTiJihKH .HraiiJioHqnKy Ha

TaKO.lK HeCJIO

Hao;ioHaJILHo-peJiiriiiHoro PoraTHH,

<J>opTeo;n

po3paxoByBaB

HKe

rroJihChKO-KaTOJIHllhKoro

rHiTy.

IIicJIH

rrepeiiiiiJIH ,I(HicTep,

rrpnMy-

MicTo, p03TaiiiOBaHe Ha)J, rHHJIOIO Jlnrroro, B.lKe B

HK Mio;Ha

Ka3HMnpy

HaCeJieHHH,

3-IIi)J,

rrpocyBaJIHCH )J,aJii,

3Mir JIHIIIe

BJiacHiCTh 6araTHM,

rro3nqnB

rri)J,TpHMKY

Ha co6i

rHiTy.

MarHaTChKOI po)J,HHH

IIIO

Mico;eBoro

Ba.lKKHH THrap

0)J,HaK

iloMy

Ha6JIH3HTHCH )J,O

1460

BeJIHKY

cyMy

HaBiTh

rpoiiieil.

yKpaiHChKoro coo;iaJihHOrO i

B)J,aJiocn

3)J,o6yTn

Hhoro.

TaKHM qnHoM, rrpoTnroM )J,OCHTh KopoTKoro qacy BoroHh Hapo)J,Horo IIOBCTaHHH

OXOIIHB

6iJihiiiY

qacTHHY

raJIHllhKOrO

6yBIIIH pH)J, MiCT-Ij>OpTellh Ta iHIIIHX MiCTeqoK i )J,iJIH

BCi€10 raJIHllhKOIO 3eMJieiO,

BiHChKaM HaiiaCTH Ha HHX

IIJiaHaX

Myxn,

CTapocrHHChKHMH rryHKTaMH

OCKiJihKH

rraHyBaHHH

CIIpHHJIO IIOIIIHpeHHIO IIOBCTaHHH y

nyB o;e

B3HTi

o6opoHHHMH

3)J,0-

a o;e He )J,aBaJIO 3MOrH KOpOJiiBChKHM

3 THJIY,

BChOMY IIpHKaprraTChKOMY KpaiO.

IlpHKaprraTTH.

ciJI, IIOBCTaHo;i OBOJIO-

MiCTa

B)J,aJIHH

CTpaTeriqHHH KpOK

i3 3aXHCHHMH lj>opTeliHMH i

3aMKaMH

IIIJIHXeTChKOI IloJILIIIi

6yJIH Ha

MiliHHMH

OIIOpHHMH

IIpnKaprraTTi.

BoJtoiJuMup

214 BalKJIHBO 3'HcyBaTH xapaKTep IIOBCTaHHH qac

IIOXO)J,iB.

pHCTiB,

BaTara

TOroqacHHX

pyx

rrpo

rn:o

I I po

14 91

MOJI)J,aBChKOMY

IIOCJIY

B)J,epJIHCH

Harnoro

y6HBCTB iHIIIHX

3)J,iHCHHJIH.

3a6paJIH

pi3Hy

KOpOJiiBChKOrO

pyxy

6araTO

TOqHo

KOHen,

JIHCTa

IIIJIHXTY

JIK

Hau;ioHaJILHo-peJiiriiiHHH

IIiCJIH IIaHH,

MaHHO

IIOBCTaHHH Ti,

HKi

BeJIHKi 6yJIH

IIaHH,

HKi

3HHmeHi,

IIoBcTaHHH KaprraTChKHX ChKHH

MaiOqH, JiicKe:

KOJIHCh

IIIO

pH)J,

orrpnrnKiB.

icTopnK

rHiT.

,Myxa COTHi

rrepe6HJIH

IIIO i

BOHH

MaJiy

TaKOlK

TaK co6010

Xy)J,o6y". IIi

MiCTa-lj>op-

JiiBHH

raJIHIIhKiH

IIIO

JI.

TaK

3HHIIIHB

JiiqHJIH

BepxiBu;i, rrpo

y6HTi,

CBOIO

6yJia

cou;iaJih-

HaKKep

CIIYCTOIIIeHa,

IIpOCHTH

3aM-

Ma€ThCH

6eper ,UHiCTpa.

Hara)J,yBaJIO

6yJIH 6yJIH

B6H-

IIIJIHXTY,

KOpOJiiBChKi

IIo)J,iJIJii,

MeMyapncT

rrncaB,

IIIO

BeJIH-

CTpaTHJIH

BCe

MHJIOCTHHi".

U:e

6araTi

Xy)J,o6y,

Kpai,

rn:o

Terrep

TaK

MYCHTb".

)J,OCJii)J,HHKiB

rroB'H3YIOTh

TaKoi iJ,YMKH )J,OTpHMyBaJincn,

IIpoxacKa

BCiX,

6araTO

IIOKaTOJIHqeHy

T06TO

6yJia TaK

lKHBHMH

Me6paTH

Myxn

yce,

BHMyrneHi

MyxH

rraHiBHiH

,KpaiHa

3aJIHIIIHJIHCH

Hiqoro

rri)J,TBep)J,Mye

MyxH

,parr-

IIo)J,iJIJIH,

ypO)J,lKeHu;iB,

CTapOCTHHChKi

IIo)J,iJIJIH,

IIOBCTaHu;i HHIIIHJIH

MeMy-

Bi)J,rroBi)J,i

IIOBCTaHu;i

3eMJii

3)J,06yBIIIH

yKpaiHChKY

lj>opTeu;i,

3aB)J,aHa

IIIO

MaeTKH,

lj>eo)J,aJihHOIO BepxiBKOIO,

rrpo )J,iHJihHiCTh

raJIHIIhKOrO

IIIKO)J,a,

BeJIHKOIO,

KYIIIIiB,

IIpHBaTHi

TepHTOpiH

BH)J,HO,

)J,ylKe HHH

HHIIIHJIH

JIHCTi BKa3y€ThCH

Ha yBa3i

IIIO

MarHaTiB,

lKOpCTOKOCTeH,

BeJIHKY

)J,OBi)J,y€MOCH,

CBO€MY

yKpirrJieHHH,

Micu;eBHX

JIIO)J,eH,

I I OJihmi,

B3HJIH,

IIOBi)J,OMJieHi,

BaJIH

IIaJIHJIH

HKi

CBi)J,-

IIo)J,iJIJIH.

IIHCaB:

CaMi

i1,pyrHX

IIOBCTaHu;i MyxH p03IIpaBJIHJIHCh

KH.

CeJIHH

KYIIIIiB,

Ka3HMHp

CBiTJIOCTi,

aHaJii3

YMOB

MyxH

rrpaBHTeJiiB

KopoJih

po36iii-

aHTHij>eo)J,aJihHHH

HHIIIHJIH

IIoKyTTH

cBi)J,qeHh

Teu;i,

IIoBCTaHu;i

BepxiBKOIO,

yKpirrJieHHH,

)J,06nqy;

CeJIHH.

HOrO

IIi)J,)J,aHHX

qncTO yBalKHHH

cou;iaJihHHH,

o6e3rJiaBHJIH.

CIIaJIHJIH,

6yJia

IIpoTe

cou;iaJihHO-eKOHOMiqHHX

rroJihChKHH

)J,eHKi

u;e

u;iJii.

TepnTopii

IIpHBO)J,y

iHIIIHX

HaiiiHX

BOJIO)J,iHHH

Haiia)J,H

HaHIIIJIH,

Ma€TKY

3HaqHi

qepry,

<J>eo)J,aJihHOIO

)J,i3HaeMocn

TaK,

3)J,iHCHHJIH

rreprny

IIOKYTChKHX 3

iCTOpHKiB, MeTH

OrJIH)J,

3-IIi)J, I I rHiTy

u;e

apncTiB.

rreBHOI

6yB,

po3rrpaBJIHJIHCH

BH3BOJIHJIH

KOrO

6e3

)J,OKyMeHTiB

Te,

MyxH Ta )J,ii IIOBCTaHu;iB IIi)],

CBi)J,qeHHHM )J,OKyMeHTaJihHHX MaTepiaJiiB MeMya-

MOJI)J,aBChKHX

ceJIHH,

6yKOBHHChKHX

IIIJIHXY

TOBO

IIOJihChKHX

HHI1hKa

qaTh

AiJ,lKe,

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

Bi)J,OMHH

icTopnK

rroqaTKOM 30KpeMa,

YKpaiHH

pyxy rroJih-

Kpnrr'n-

lfllocmpoeaHa KeBnq.

rpalj>iH

rrpo

6paJIH

icmopi5l

cBolx

pannix

CTBep)J,.lKyBaTH,

p03pi3HeHi

rrpnrrycKaB

BHHHK

IIOBCTaHHi

BiH

JIHIIIe

p030peHHX

CeJIRHChKOrO

CeJIRH,

IIOKYTChK0-6yKOBHHChKOMY rrorpanHqqi, JIHCR

rrepiiii

3arOHH

MOHO-

1490

)J,a€

0)J,HaK

IIi)J,CTaBH

CTOJiiTTi.

Myxn na IloKyTTi )J,iRJIH

RKi,

O)J,HiH

rrepiiii IX 3arOHH

OIIpHIIIKiB

XVI

1490

IIOBCTaHHR

IIIO

MyXH

pyxy

qac BHCTyrry rroJIKOBO)J,IIR

3arOHH

u:e

BBa.lKaiOqH,

aHTHij>eo)J,aJILHOrO

IIIO

Be3yMoBno,

215

ToM

OIIpHIIIKiB,

CeJIRHChKOMY

BHBqeHHR

BeJIHKOrO

rrpau:nx

KaprraTChKHX

yqaCTh

rJIH6IIIe

IlpuKapnammR.

HaiieBHO,

CaMe

IIpHMHKaJIH HHX

3rO)J,OM

ripChKHX YMOBaX H

)1,0 Ha

oprani3yBa-

OIIpHIIIKiB.

KOPOHA IIPOTll APMII MYXll 'e'~•l pi3He IIOBCTaHHR CeJIRH IIi)], IIpOBO)J,OM MyxH, HOrO ycrriiiiHi )J,il

~ ~...~ B

raJIHU:LKiH

3--* • ypn)J,y.

By JIO

PycLKoro

rrocrriiiiHO

BO€BO)J,CTBa,

3eMeJIKa

.lKapT

BIIJIHBOBHH

Ha3HBaiOTL

noro

3ra)J,y€ThCR

oqoJIHB

llhOMY

,nan

3araJILHe

orroJiqennn

HaH6iJILIIIHX

MarHaT. qaciB

.Hn

,BH)J,HHH

Ha3HBae

noro

KOBCLKHH JIK

MnKoJia

Xo)J,eq

rrpi3BHIIIY

,MHKOJia Xo)J,eU:LKHH ,MHKOJia

BH)J,HO,

Xo)J,eU:LKHH

XpOHiCTH

3eMeJIKa".

3BaHHH

xpoHiCTH

,3eMeJIKa",

3BaHHH

3eMeJIKa". Ha3HBaiOTh

BeJIHKoro

ToprOBHCLKa M.

3araJIOM rrpaBHJihHO

aBTOpa

Xo)J,eU:LKHH KHH".

,I(o

MeJIKa",

xpoHiKH 6yB

TOrO

RKa

qaciB

CTeiiaHa

BeJIHKOro,

RKHH

iM'R

yci

BOHH

CJIY.lKHJia

)J,JIR

BKa3yiOTh

Bi)J,pi3HeHHR

KJIHqKy HOrO

CTpH-

KepiBHH3a BHHRT-

qepe3

cTapocToiO raJIHU:LKHM, )J,ae noMy rrpi3BHille .lK

KpoMep

BeJILCLKHH

Ka IIIJIRXeTChKOro BiHCLKa MHKOJIY i3 Xo)J,eqa Xo)J,eU:LKOro,

KOM

KJinqn:i

BeJILMO.lK,

CTerrana

raJIHU:hKHH".

Te,

IIIO

,raJIHU:L-

Xo)J,eU:LKOrO

Bi)J,

IIIJIRXTH

Toroqacni

iMenye noro ,MHKOJia i3 Xo)J,eqa cTapocTa JlLBiBCLKHH". -

IIIJIRXTY

KOpOJiiBChKOrO

O)J,HH

xponiu:i

MHKOJia

MiCU:eBy

Xo)J,eU:LKHH,

KpaiO

HaJIRKaJIH

U:eHTpaJILHOrO

MnKoJia

CTapOCTa,

rro-pi3HOMY. RK

KOJia

oprani3oBano RKe

raJIHU:hKHH

6araTHH

BiH

3eMJii

IIIJIRXeTChKO-MarHaTCLKi

iHIIIHX

, 3 e-

IIO)J,i6HHX

pO,ll,VIHHVIX rrpi3BHIII.

K VIM

•11IIJ,B i

i n.i

.lKe

6yB U:eH KepiBHHK IIIJIRXeTChKHX BiHCLK, 3

IIOXO)J,HB rrpoTH

qoMy

3aroHiB

CaMe

Myxn?

BiH

oqoJIHB

,Upi6na

3araJILHe

IIIJIRXeTCLKa

RKOrO

cepe)J,0-

OIIOJiqeHHR

po)J,HHa

)J,e

IIaH-

Xo)J,eq

BoJtoiJuMup

216 -

BHXi)J,uj

6aHHH JIH

Bi)J,

po)J,HHa )J,e B

MaeToK

Xo)J,eq

iHIIIHX

IIicJIH

rrepeiiiiiJIH BJia)J,OIO p0Th6i TBa,

TOIO,

6oKy

MHKOJia

KOpOHH

BiH

BIIJIH-

KpiM

MaeTKY

cBoro

3rO)J,OM

IIOJiiTHqHa

yrrpaBHTeJiiB

6araTo Kap'epa,

reHepaJihHHM

)J,e

6y)J,yqn

CTapoc-

PychKOrO

MnKoJii

BCTaHOBJieHHX 3arOHH

raJIHllhKHM

6opOTh6i

6o-

CTapocCTapoc-

IIOBCTaHIIHMH

3au;iKaBJieHHH

MaeTKaM

0ToHy

p03MiilleHi IXHi p.

CTa-

Tepe6oBJIHH-

3ri)J,HO

1490

ITO

raJIHllhKe a

BiHChKOBi

6yJIH

oco6ncTo

MHKOJIH, CnHaM

BiHChKa

noro

1486

OcKiJihKH

KpaiO,

6yB

a)J,Me

3araJILHoro

Bci

BOHH

HKY

BHXO)J,HJIH

3arpoMyBaJia

3aJielKHO

IIOBHHHi

Bi)J,

BiHChKOBHX

KOHi.

pi3HHMH

p03Mipy

JIIO)J,eH

rrixoTHHlliB,

rroJihChKHMH

JIIO)J,hMH".

MHKOJia

IIOXi)J, Ha

cT.

rrpH)J,yiiieHHi He6e3rreKa

)],BOX rriiiio

XpoHicT

IIOXi)J, IIIeCTH

B03H

IIiXOTHHellh

)1,0 a6o

KiHHO.

6opOTh6y

JIIO)J,hMH",

T06TO

PycLKOMY

HKi

BO€BO)J,CTBi.

6yJIH

IIiXOTHHlli,

3aBaH-

O)J,Hi€I BOJIOCTi

CTpiJiellh-JiyqHHK. pi3Ha Bi)J,

Ha3HBaJIH

KiJihKiCTh

qoTHphOX

30KpeMa,

IIpOTH

)1,0

,cJiyMHJIHMH IIHIIIe,

IIOBCTaHu;iB

opraHi30BaHOIO

306oB'H3aHi )1,0

BiRTH

BiHChKOBOIO

CTpHKOBChKHH,

po3rroqaB

THX,

Bi3HHKOM,

BHXO)J,HJia

Xo)J,ellhKHH

JiyqHHKiB,

IIOJihChKHMH

Micu;eBHX lj>eo)J,aJiiB

36p0€10

IIpOBiHHTOM.

cepe)J,HH

ciJihChKi

,Ky JieiO"

HIIIJIH

BXO)J,HTH

BXO)J,HJIH

Ma€TKiB,

CB0€10

KOHHX

HHMH

Ma€TKY

Bi)J,

IIIiCT)J,eCHTH

CJiyM60BHMH

3aiiaCaMH

6y JIH

CTapOCTHHChKHX

CTpiJihlli

THrJIH

36p0€10,

OIIOJiqeHHH

orroJiqeHHH

yrrpaBHTeJii

,JiaHu;aMH",

MaiiiHHOIO,

RHa.

oqoJIIOBaJIH

Xo)J,ellhKHH,

pyxy,

IIIJIHXTa,

TalKeHi

oco6JIHBO

CTaHicJiaB

HOrO

0ToHa

PoraTHHa.

IIIJIHXeTChKi

CKJia)J,y

)J,HKH.

IIIO

IIocTyrroBo

IIOBCTaHu;iB.

,Uo

IIOTiM

Xo)J,eqa

CHHiB

CTapOCTH

0)J,HoqacHo

!1,pi6Ha

3BaHi

cTae

3arap-

OTpHMa-

MHKOJIH

PoraTHH,

HaHBHIIIHX

CHHa

MaeTKH

BOporaMH

Hapo)J,Horo

)J,e

noro

TpeTLoro

oqoJIHB

Myxn.

pH)J,H

CTaHicJiaBa

IIOpH)J,KiB 3

cToJiiTTH,

3pOCTa€

rricJIH

Xo)J,eqi

KoMapHo.

6aThKO

MicTo

CTapOCTOIO, B

6iJIH

)J,e

BO€BO)J,CTB.

CMepTi

)J,O

YKpaiHy

raJIHqHHy,

MaeTKaM

BMe

6araTCTBOM

rrepexo)J,HTh )J,O

ChKe

3axi)J,HY

XJiorrn,

KopoJIH

BXO)J,HTh

Ilo)J,iJihChKOrO

HaMHTHM

KpaiO.

Bi)J,

raJIHllhKHM

Ilo)J,iJIJIH,

ceJii

cepe)J,HHi

Ma€TKiB.

pOCTBO

3aB)J,HKH

oTpHMye

CTa€

TOIO

rrpn6yJIH

IIpn6yBIIIH

raJIHllhKOMY

XJiorrax,

BiH

IIOJIHKaMH.

KopoJIH

BOBOIO )J,e

I I OJILud

KpaiO

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

,3i

apMi€10

BiHChKOBOI CJIYlK-

ImocmpoeaHa KpiM 6paJIH

icmopi5l

Micu;eBnx

IlpuKapnammR. III JHIXeTChKHX

Ka~poBi

yqaCTh

CH cTapocTi.

rrpoTH

Myxn.

apMil.

Xoq

3araJioM

HKi 6yJIH

u;e

IIIJIHXTH,

Hapo~HY

apMiiO

22 ceprrHH

Myxn i

1490 p.

apMin,

HaHMaHHX

Bi~OMa

~MepeJI

aBTOpHTeTHHX

IIIJIHXeTChKHX BiHChK.

MOBHipaMH

BeJIHKa

BiHChK IIIJIHXeTChKOI IlOJih!lli, IIpOTe BaMaJIH

BiHChKa,

rrpoTH

HKi

Myxn

rri~KOpHJIH

3a rpoiiii BTHrHyTi".

6yJia

~OKyMeHTiB

rroxo~i

HaHMaHi

Xo~ellhKHH

OIIOJiqeHHH,

Micu;eBoro

orroJiqeHu;iB,

KOpOJiiBChKi,

,3 IIOJihChKHMH MOBHipaMH, 3a3HaqaB,

217

KpoMep 3ra~y€, mo Xo~ellhKHH iiiioB rrpoTH Myxn

ChKHH

ToM

Kpame

~i3Ha€MOCH

rpaMOTi

i3 TopyHn

qacTHH

~iHB

KOpOJiiBChKOI

KiJihKiCTh

qnceJihHO BOHH,

6yJIH

b€Jih-

CKJia~aJiacn

HKa

3araJibHa

rroJihChKHMn"

ycix

IIHX

HarreBHO, rrepe-

o36po€Hi.

rrpo

Micu;e

qac

r~aHChKa,

MHTeJiiB

~opyqeHHHM

36opy

Ha~icJiaHiH

rroJihChKoro

KopoJIH

Ka3HMHpa, BHpa3HO CKa3aHO, IIIO MHTeJIHM r~aHChKa 3i 36p0€10 CJii~ ,rrepe~

rrpn6yTn

Bo3~BHMeHHH

rrpa3HHKOM

(

14 BepecHH 14 9 0 p.) B

oKpyr Ei6pKH B qoTHphox MHJIHX Bi~ JlLBOBa". BOM,

MaJIH

rpyrryBaTHCH

BiHChKa ~JIH 6yJia

ChKoro, 3eMJii,

6opOTh6H

qacTHHa

raJIHllhKOro,

cBoro

(BeJIHKHH

rpaMOTH

,Boporn

yMe

CHHTHH...

CHHTHHChKoro,

apMii

KoJIOMHH-

IIOBiTiB

raJIHllhKOI

Ha6paJio TaKoro

op~eHy.

3a 36po10,

iloro i

IlpycLKoi

rrpo

yqacTh

~oBi~yEMocn

II p o u;e MH

KoJIOMHIO' IM

3eMJii

oroJiocnB

mo6n Bci MHTeJii B3HJIHCH 3a 36poro

r~aHChKa.

Bi~rropy

,BJia~nKa

op~eHy)

TeBTOHChKoro

3aXOIIHJIH

po3Maxy,

HKi IM B~aJIOCH IIOCIIiiii-

TOMY BOHH 3BepHyJIHCH 3a ~OIIOMOrOIO ~0

BeJinqecTBoM".

MHTeJiiB B3HTHCH

IIIJIHXeTChKOI

iHIIIHX

IIIJIHXTa BBaMaJIH CHJIH,

MHTeJiiB

,UJin

HaHMaHi

cBoix Ma€TKiB rrepe~ HacTyrroM Myxn.

3arrporroHyBaB,

if oro

CKJia~i

TeBTOHChKoro

MaricTp

llhOMY rroxo~i iiiiJIH

cJ>eo~aJiiB

ceJIHHChKe rroBcTaHHH

rri~ JlLBO-

CaMe TyT, KOpOJiiBChKi

IIOBCTaJIHMH.

He~OCTaTHiMH,

BacaJia

OIIOJiqeHHH,

Tepe6oBJIHHChKOro

IIOJihChKHH KOpOJih i HO 3i6paTH,

rroJihChKHX

HKi BTeKJIH

Hecrro~iBaHo

3arOHH

Hill

TaKOM

KpirroCTh

BeJinqHiCTh

O~Ha

raJinq

KopoJih

IIIO

3aBOIOBaJIH 3aKJIHKaB

TpeTHHa BMe rricJiaHa,

BHKJiaB HaiiiHM IIOCJiaM B rpyH~3eH3i", -

3 TiEl "'

IIOBi~OMJIH€ThCH,

IIHCaB KaTOJIHllhKHH

ycix

HK u;e

KChOH~3

MnKoJia KocTeJiellhKHH. KopOJih

HaKa3yBaB,

rrepe~ CBHTOM

mo6

Bo3~BHMeHHH.

036po€Hi

MHTeJii

r~aHChKa

3i6paJIHCH

M. M OXOB BipHO rri~KpeCJIIO€, IIIO IIOJih-

CbKJiiYl KOpOJih Bcyrrepeq JiiTOIIHCHHM ~aHHM, BBaMa€ BHHyBaTu;eM IIHX

Bo;zoiJuMup

218

IIO)J,iH MOJI)J,aBChKOrO rOCIIO)J,apH HH

KOpOJIH

)1,0

HiMerrhKHX

Fpa6oeeu,oKui1

TyperrLKoro iMrrepaTopa.

JIHrrapiB

3BepHeH-

i3 Bi)J,)J,aJieHHX MiCT

lKHTeJiiB

IlOJihiiJ:i CBi)J,qHTh rrpo OC06JIHBO BeJIHKHH p03MaX i He6e3IIeKy CeJIHHChKOrO IIOBCTaHHH ~YXH. 3ocepe)J,HBIIIHCh B cepe)J,HHi BepecHH Ha JlhBiBIIIHHi,

1490 p. 6iJIH MicTa Ei6pKn, 1110

IIOJihChKO-IIIJIHXeTChKi

BiHChKa

qoJii

~HKOJIOIO

Xo)J,errhKHM BHPYIIIHJIH B rroxi)J, rrpoTH rroBcTaHrriB ~yxn. Tpy)J,HO 3'ncyBaTH ToqHe Micrre roJIOBHOI 6nTBH 3 rroBcTaJIHMH. BHChKa

IIHIIIe,

1110

~yxa

,rrepeHIIIOB

~eMyapncT RH 3 Topro-

piKy ,UHiCTep

6iJIH

PoraTHHa",

T06To, 1110 IIOBCTaHIII IIi)J,iHIIIJIH )1,0 PoraTHHa. AJie 3 IlhOro He MOlKHa BH3HaqHTH IIpH6JIH3HOrO MiCrrH OCTaToqHOI CTOHHKH ~YXH rrepe)J, 6HTBOIO.

,UHiCTpa

Haiii

IIOJihChKHMH Ilpn

rrorJIH)J,,

IIOIIpHMyBaJIH

3aroHn,

KepoBaHi

PoraTHH,

~yxoro,

OKOJIHrri

rricJIH

HKOrO

BiHChKaMH.

o6cTeMeHHi

OKOJIHIIh

PoraTHHa

yBary

aBTopa

rrpnBepHyJia TepnTopin cTapoBHHHoro ceJia Ili)J,ropo)J,)J,H THHChKHH

rrepexo)J,y

3YCTpiJIHCH

pailoH

IBaHo-<l>paHKiBChKOI

o6JiacTi).

)J,aHol

rrparri

(Terrep Pora-

IIo-rrepiiie,

ceJio

p03TaiiiOBaHe Ha IIiBHiqHHH 3aXi)J, Bi)J, MiCTa, Ha p03)J,OpilKMi IIIJIHXiB,

Eumea niiJ

3acoHiB

PocamuHoM

Myxu

(eepeceHb

nOflbCbKO-Ulfl5lXemcbKUMU

1490 p.).

XyiJoJICHUK

BiUCbKaMU

I2op

J(epKalf

ImocmpoeaHa rn:o

icmopi5l

Be)J,yTh

219

ToM

Bi)J, PoraTHHa na IIepeMHIIIJHIHH i

caMe )J,O Ei6pKH na

IlpuKapnammR.

6opoTL6y

na Ei6pKy.

Ilo-)J,pyre,

BHlliiiJIH IIIJIHXeTChKi BillChKa MHKOJIH Xo)J,ellhKoro

3aronaMH

Myxn.

TepnTopil

ceJia

rn:e

)J,oci

3HaXO)J,HTh JIIO)J,ChKi qeperrH, u;e MO.lKYTh 6yTH KiCTKH MOrHJI IIOBCTaHlliB, HKi IIiCJIH 6HTBH TYT IIOXOBaHi. cJioBa

anTporroJioriqni Ta

niJihiiie )J,aHHX MiCTHTh BCTaHu;iB. MHKOJia

ABTop

xponiKH

raJIHllhKHll

Ha .lKaJih, rn:e He CKa3aJIH CBOrO

apxeoJioriqni )J,OCJii)J,.lKeHHH. JiiTOIIHCH qaciB

rrpo )J,aJihiiii IIO)J,il

CTerrana

rrepeMir BillChKO

BeJIHKoro

Myxn

6iJIH

rropa3KY IIO-

rrniiie,

rn:o

PoraTHHa".

,nan .Hn 3

ToproBHChKa 3aHBHB, rn:o, KOJIH Myxa rri)J,illiiiOB rri)J, PoraTHH, ,TaM Bin 6yB

po3rpoMJieHHll

JihBiBChKHM

KaiiiTeJIHHOM

MnKoJioiO

Xo)J,ellhKHM,

rn:o 6yJio 6iJILIIIe crrpaBoiO Bora, Hi.lK JIIO)J,ell. Mall.lKe Bci JIIO)J,H Myxn 6yJIH B6HTi, OCTaHHi IIOTOHYJIH B Till piu;i, CaM Myxa Jie)J,Be BpHTyBaBCH BTeqero"

3PYIIIHB TY

KpoMep

3rpa10

CTBep)J,.lKye,

MOTJioxoBaTy,

rn:o

MnKoJia

po3rpoMHB".

ChKHll 3alj>iKcyBaB, rn:o MnKoJia Xo)J,ellhKHll,

,nanic

rropa3KY

JiiTorrnceu;h

neJih-

MY.lK nepH)J,OBHll, 3 .lKOB-

nipaMH IIOJihChKHMH IIOpa3HB Myxy, HKHll ,caM 3 OCTOpO.lKHOCTi BTiK". M.

CTpHKOBChKHll 3arrncaB y

CBOill xponiu;i, rn:o

MnKoJia Xo)J,ellhKHll

,My.lK xopo6pnll JIH£1apchKHll, B crrpaBax )J,OCBi)J,qennll, 3i cJiy.lK6oBHM

IIOJihChKHM JIIO)J,OM

ABTOp

3aB)J,aB

IIOpa3KH

rycTHHChKOro JiiTorrncy IIHIIIe,

naiiinx, HKO e)J,Ba caM yTeqe, TaKHM

qnnoM,

u;e

XJIOIICTBO

po3rpOMHB".

rn:o Myxa ,rropa.lKeH 6biCTh OT

a rrpoqnx rro6niiia".

IIIJIHXeTChKHM

BillChKaM rri)J,

rrpoBO)J,OM

JihBiBChKO-

ro KaiiiTeJIHHa MHKOJIH Xo)J,ellhKoro B)J,aJiocn 3aB)J,aTH rropa3KH rroBCTaHIIHM rri)J, MicToM qnny rropa3KH 6poenocTi.

PoraTHHOM.

rroBcTanu;iB

rroranill

MoxoB

cJiyiiino B6aqae rrpn-

oprani3oBanocTi,

3naqna qacTHHa apMil Myxn

cJia6Kill

3arnnyJia B 6oro,

o3-

iniiii -

rri)J, qac Bi)J,cTyrry, 30KpeMa, B xo)J,i rreperrpaBH qep e3 ,UnicTep. HallToqniiiie

KOHCTaTy€

Bi)J,qyTHY

rropa3KY

CeJIHH

JIH

ToprOBHChKa:

,Mall.lKe BCi JIIO)J,H MyxH 6yJIH B6HTi, OCTaHHi IIOTOHYJIH B Till piu;i" (B ,UniCTpi

lUJIHXeTChKi

L).

MeMyapHCTH

i)J,eoJiorn

rraniBnol BepxiBKH

II OJILID:i

He IIIKO)J,YIOTh IIOXBaJI )J,JIH KepiBHHKa IIIJIHXeTChKHX 3aroHiB MHKOJIH Xo)J,ellhKoro, Ha3HBaiOTh lloro ,My.lKoM nepH)J,OBHM", po6pnM, 3HeBaroiO

JIH£1apChKHM, iMeHyiOTh

CTBOM" TOUJ:O.

CIIpaBaX

IIOBCTaHu;iB

)J,OCBi)J,qeHHM" ,3rpa€10

,My.lKoM xo-

HeHaBHCTIO

MOT JIOXOBa TOIO",

,XJIOII-

Bo;zoiJuMup

220

Ipa6oeeu,<>KUi1

IIPOBOJJ:llP AHJJ:Pill EOPYJIA. CMEPTb MYXll ~ apO)J,He

{U!I, 6olma K)'<- (

3aBopyrneHHH nacTyrrnoro

ChKHH

pyx

Bi)J,HOBHJIOCH

poKy

M yxa,

HKHHCh HapO)J,HHH BaTalKOK JliTorrnceo;h JIH Toro

poKy:

pou;i

rro-

1491. XTo oqoJIHB u;eil ceJIHH-

HKHH

lKHBHM,

3aJIHIIIHBCH

iHIIIHH

IIHTaHHH )J,OCi OCTaToqno He 3'HCOBaHO.

ToprOBHChKa

1491

Pora THHChKoro

IIiCJIH

CBO€MY TBOpi

HKHHCh

3a3Haqae

po36iiiHHK

3 IIpHBO)J,y

BaJiaxil

iM'H

AniJ,pin, na rrpi3Bnme EopyJia, 3a rri)J,MOBOIO CTerrana, rrpelj>eKTa MoJI)J,aBil,

HBHBCH )1,0

KpOBHHM

Typeo;hKOrO

po)J,nqeM

CHJIOIO )J,eplKHTh

iMrrepaTopa

Ka3HMHpa,

HOrO

naH3eTa

rroJihChKoro

BOJIO)J,iHHH.

o6io;HB 6yTH IIi)J,)J,aHHM CYJITaHa,

3aiieBHHB,

KopoJIH,

Ilpocnqn

mO €

Ka3HMHP

TypKiB )J,OIIOMOrH,

KOJIH IIOBepHe

CBOIO CIIa)J,mHHy".

BiH

3 llhOrO TeKCTY )J,OBi)J,y€MOCH TaKOlK, mO 3aoxoqeHHH TaKHMH IIpOII03HlliHMH AniJ,pin EopyJIH Typeo;LKHH iMrrepaTop rroro)J,HBCH )J,aTH iloMy na )J,OIIOMory Typeo;LKi 3aronn. To)J,i An)], pin Eopy Jia 3po6nB rroxi)J, na PycL, Ilo)J,iJIJIH, )J,e 6yB po36HTHH IIIJIHXeTChKHMH BiHChKaMH MHKOJIH ChKOro.

By JIO

IIOBepHyJIHCH i

U: eif )J,eHKHM Myxa. M.

25 JIHCTorra)J,a 14 91

u;e

3a3HaBIIIH

nyqaT-

rropa3KH,

TYPKH

Ha IIIJIHXY Bi)J,XO)J,y B3HJIH B IIOJIOH 6araTO JIIO)J,eH.

BHCTYII HOBOrO KepiBHHKa CeJIHHChKOrO IIOBCTaHHH )J,aB 3Mory )J,OCJii)J,HHKaM

IIpHIIYCKaTH,

TaKol iJ,YMKH )J,OTpHMY€ThCH,

MoxoB.

,Mn BBaMaeMo, -

rypKH i iHIIIHX)

HKHH 3MiHHB iM'H,

KOpOJIH

THM

Bi)J,OMO,

cepe)],

IIi)J,BHmHTH CeJIHH

,rrpoTH rroMimnKiB", 3)J,a€ThCH,

aJie

CBiH

IXHiX 3a

HOrO

30KpeMa,

o;e TOR Me

Myxa,

IIi)],

rrnrne

meHHH )J,eHKHX (0.

HaM

iMeHeM

CKpHBaBCH

MOJI)J,aBChKHH

Bin, -

icTopnK

rrepeKOHJIHBHM rrpnrry-

icTOpHKiB, mo AH)J,pin EopyJia mo6H BH)J,aTH ce6e 3a pO)J,Hqa

aBTOpHTeT

BOlK)J,iB

.)J,o6poro

crrpaBe)J,JIHBOIO

cepe)],

3aBlK)J,H

CeJIHH,

6yB

TaK

CHJihHHH

)J,yX ...

u;apn".

e iJ,YMKa THX icTopnKiB,

HKi

BBaMaiOTh 6e3rri)J,cTaBHHM OTOTOMHeHHH AniJ,pin EopyJIH i Myxn, THM 6iJihiiie, mO JIH 3 ToprOBHChKa BHpa3HO B rreprniif qacTHHi IIHIIIe rrpo IIOXO)J,H

,Myxn i3

H)J,eThCH rrpo ,HKoro

14 91

iM'H

MoJI)J,aBii B piK,

AniJ,pin,

1490 p. B raJinqnny", a )J,aJii, KOJIH

rOBOpHTh a

rrpo

HOBOrO

rrpi3Bnme

KepiBHHKa IIOBCTaHHH

EopyJia".

rrpnrryrn:ennn yKpalncLKoro pa)J,HHChKoro icTopnKa ,U.

BapTe

yBarn

I. MnrnKa, mo,

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

oqeBH)J,Ho,

AHiJ,piil

CeJIHH

6yB

IIOXO)J,i

aKTHBHHM

Mo.lKJIHBo,

)J,O

CKJia)J,y

!1,piil

iJ,YMKH

BCTaJIHX,

aBTop

rOBOpHTh, Kpail

rrpo

IIIO

crriiiMaHHH 3ri)J,HO

i 3

BaJiaxil,

)1,0

IIIO

IIi)],

)J,e

)J,ech

TyT,

IIH

3arOHH

AH-

cBolx

IIpH€)J,HaTHCH

BepciH

JiiTOIIHCIIH

KepiBHHKa

EopyJIH

BO€BO)J,H

110-

)J,eiiiO

)J,OIIOB-

MoJI)J,aBChKoro. BCTYIIHB

3BiJihHHB

raJIHIIhKY

AJie

BiH

PychKHH

3eMJIIO

He3a6apoM

,Hep03Ba.lKHO 6eper

Kpail

BiH

3aroHH

)1,0 6yB

icMaJioBa.lKHo, u;e

IIIO

BOHH

a.lK

IIOTiM

BCTYIIHB

6yB

IIIO

rOBOHK

O.lKH a Myxa,

HHMH IlpH-

TepHTOpiiO

crriiiMaHHH

KOJIH

rrpo

KepiBHHK

T06TO

pO)J,HqaMH

Myxn,

u;e

3'ncyBaTH,

KOJIHCh

3BiJihHHB

BiHChKa",

3ra)J,ye

rrpo

,I(HiCTpa.

EopyJia

)J,JIH

copaTHHKH

IIOJihChKO-

E opy JIH.

nyKOBHHi,

)1,0

CXOIIJieHHH

JiiTorrnceu;h qn

apMiH

rrorpaHHqqn,

u;iKaBy )J,eTaJih:

6po)J,y

OCKiJihKH

rroBcTaHu;iB, Ha

po)J,OM

rrpeTeH)J,yBaB

3-IIi)J,

HeMO.lKJIHBO

Ma€TKH

rHiTy

,I(HicTpoM,

,6yB

iloMy )J,OIIOMory

3eMJIIO

rroBcTaHqa

opraHi3yBaTH

IIIyKaB

piKH,

Ha)J,aJIH

CYMHiBy,

6paK

EopyJia,

Ka3HMHpa

raJIHIIhKY

qepe3

3a3Haqae

AHiJ,piil

KopoJIH

TYPKH

lj>eo)J,aJihHi

Ha)J,

ToproBHChKa

6yJIH

HOBi

HeHaBH)J,iJIH

HOBOrO

AHiJ,pin

ToproBHChKa,

BHKJIHKa€

IIIO

Mir

HHIIIHB

Hac-

3apyqaBcH

CXHJihHi

IIIO

IIOBCTaHu;iB

6yKOBHHChKO-IIOKYTChKe

aJie

rrpHKaprraTChKHH

BaTa.lKOK

IIOJihChKO-IIIJIHXeTChKOrO

i1,pyrHH

)J,il

po)J,nqa

3BiJihHHB

3)J,ora)J,yBaTHCH,

CaMe

BXO)J,HJia

TypKiB.

T06TO

qH )J,iilcHo

BiH

rHiTy,

KaprraTTH,

ceJIHHH

rroJihChKOI IIIJIHXTH.

)J,.lKepeJiax.

ycix

rrepeHIIIOB

HKa

rrepecJii)J,yBaHHHM

cKa3aTH,

TaTap.

CTerraHa,

RHa

ce6e

pHThCH

HapO)J,HHH

iloro

copaTHHK

opraHi3yBaTH

rOBOpHTh,

CeJIHHChKHX

IIIJIHXeTChKOrO

TiJihKH

rrepe)J,

3YMiB

areHTOM

raJIHqa",

Pyccro.

aJie

3BiJihHHJia

HKi

qaciB

JiiTorrncoM

BOJIO)J,iHHH

CTpaqeHHH.

BH)J,aBaB

Bi)J,OMO,

IIOBCTaJIHX

yqacTh

EyKoBHHy,

CKOMIIpOMeTyBaTH

HOrO

rraHyBaHHH

ocKiJihKH

aHTHij>eo)J,aJILHi

HOrO

6paB

PoraTHHOM

HarreBHO

TypKiB

KepiBHHK

3-IIi)J,

TYT

TypKiB,

MeTOIO

xpoHiKH

3aHHB

,I(HicTpa

TaKo.lK

rri)J,

rocrro)J,apcTBa,

)J,OCJii)J,HHKiB,

IIOKa3aBIIIH

Bi)J,oMocTi HIO€

MO.lKHa

BOporiB

HaBe)J,eHa

3arOHOM

Myxn,

Bi)J,cTyrrHB

BiHChK

)J,OIIOMororo

THX

OKpeMHM

Myxn

EopyJia

MoJI)J,aBChKoro

EopyJia

6yJia

po3rpoMy

AHiJ,piil

CIIOKOHBiqHHX )1,0

KepyBaB

221

IIOMiqHHKOM

IIIJIHXeTChKHX

rroBcTaHu;iB.

ToM

rricJIH

Myxn

KOpOHHHX

EopyJia

1490

BJiiTKy

TYIIHHK

IlpuKapnammR.

rroBcTaH-

rrepeXO)J,y

MyxH

HKHXOCh

cKa3aTH

IIIJIHXTOIO.

po)J,nqiB

Ba.lKKO.

nyqaqa". Myxn,

222

BoJtoiJuMup

AHiJpiu

EopyJta

HacmynHUK

no6pamuM XyiJo:HCHUK

0cKiJihKH

HaBeCHi

BHChKa

III

BHcTyrr

)J,aJILIIIY He

rrniiie,

raJinq"

CTaJIOCH

JlHIIIe

,po36HTHH", 6yJIO

lliJIHH

)1,03BOJIHB )J,iHB

.lK

MicTi

CKa3aHO:

BHXO)J,HTh,

iloro

3rO)J,OM, HOMY

IIpOTH

Kpail.

T06TO

BaTa.lKKa

BTiK

MO.lKHa

EopyJIH

3HaqHo

CTBep-

rroqaJiocn

)J,OBIIIe,

BiH

rroBcTaHu;iB aBTOp

3aHHHB y

3a3HaqeHO

IIOBepHyTHCH

XpOHiKH

Hi.lK

TaM

Topro-

CTelj>aHa

,PycLKHH

niJiropo)J,.

IIOCa)J,.lKeHO B

Kpail

iforo

rro

CyqaBChKY B'H3HHIIIO, )J,e B

XpOHiu;i,

pi)J,HHH

MOJI)J,aBChKHH

Kpaif",

BiH

3HOBY

IIIJIHXTH.

iloro

OqeBH)J,HO,

BiH

crriiiMaJIH.

CTaJIOCH

p.).

Myxn.

EopyJia

poKy,

AHiJ,pin

MOJI)J,aBChKHH HK

CXOIIJieHO

piK.

1491

OCeHi,

crriiiMaHoro

Toro,

rricJIH

rOCIIO)J,ap

u;Loro

rri3Hh0l

rrpoBO)J,OM

)J,OJIIO

IIpOCH)J,iB

)1,0

(1491

Myxu

.aepKalf

rrpoBO)J,OM

rri)J,

rOBOpHTh.

6yB

raJIHllhKHH

JIHCTOIIa)J,a

rri)J,

copaTHHKaMH

ycrriiiiHO

rroBcTaHHH

THrJIOCH

ceJIHHChKHH Ilpo

u;e

)J,.lKyBaTH,

leap

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

u;e

6aTLKiBIIIHHOIO HapO)J,HBCH xpoHiu;i

He)J,iJIIO,

KOJIH

6yJia

6iJIH

CTelj>aHa BiH

BaJiaxin,

KoJIOMHl. 3

u;Loro

(nopyJia)

llhOMY

rrpnBo)J,y

3HaXO)J,HBCH

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

223

ToM

O)J,HOMY ceJii rro6JIH3Y KoJIOMHI, rra Hhoro rralxaJIH rroJIHKH

3axorrHJIH

crriiiMaJIH

rr'HThMa

iHIIIHMH"

6iJIH KoJIOMHl. MHHUJ:HHi,

3HaeMo,

rn:o

He BHKJiroqerro, rn:o

Myxy

qepe3

piK

Myxa Te.lK rrapo)J,HBCH rra KoJio-

HKUJ:O B rrepio)J, He6e3IIeKH rrepeXOByBaBCH

CaMe TaM.

He Bi)J,oMo, HKHM qnrroM ArriJ,pin EopyJiy 3 rro6paTHMaMH )J,OCTaBHJIH y XoTHHChKY lj>opTe£110, )J,e BOHH 6yJIH CTpaqerri. xporriKH

if oro

CTelj>arra,

iHIIIHX TOBapniiiiB

,rrpnBe3JIH B XoTHH i

,cKHHYJIH .lKHBHMH

3arnrryB rracTyrrHHK Myxn EopyJia -

cTiH

3a CJIOBaMH aBTOpa

Bii1,py6aJIH roJioBy",

XoTnrra".

TaK Tpariqrro

MY.lKHiil 6opeu;h 3i IIIJIHXTOIO rra

IIpnKaprraTTi, rrpo)J,OB.lKyBaq crrpaBH,

3a HKY 6opoBcH Myxa.

Xoq rroBcTaHHH rri)J, rrpoBO)J,OM Myxn B

1490 pou;i 6yJio po3rpoMJierre

MaH.lKe Bci yqacHHKH iloro 3arHHYJIH, ceJIHHChKOMY KepiBHHKY rrorn:acTHJIO BpHTyBaTHCH.

RK IIHIIIYTh JiiTorrncu;i,

Birr

,Jie)J,Be BpHTyBaBcn",

OCTOpO.lKHOCTi BTiK", ,HKO e)J,Ba CaM yTeqe", T06TO 3aJIHIIIHBCH .lKHBHM. IIicJIH 6HTBH rri)J, PoraTHHOM Myxa rrepexoByBaBcH )J,eHKHH qac rra IIoKYTTi.

Birr IIJiaHyBaB Bi)J,HOBHTH IIOBCTaHHH, po6HB CIIp06H oprarri3yBaTH

ceJIHH, aJie if oro 6y JIO rri)J,cTyrrrro crriiiMarro B HKOMYCh ceJii 6iJIH KoJioMHI, yB'H3Herro if rrepeBe3erro )J,O KpaKoBa, )J,e Birr i 3arnrryB y B'H3HHlli. Ilpo u;e Mail.lKe )J,OCJiiBrro IIHIIIYTh yci MeMyapHCTH. M. KpoMep, 30KpeMa, rOBOpHTh TaK:

,0)J,HaK Myxa rroqaB IIOTiM 3a KOpOJIH

0Jib6paxTa

BiHChKO Bi)J,HOBJIHTH. AJie KOJIH )1,0 O)J,HOI pycHHKH, HKY KOXaB, Ta€MHO B TOMY

qaci

3aXO)J,HB,

crriiiMaJia .lKHTTH

3apa3

KopoJieBi )J,O B'H3HHlli".

.lKe

iloro

KpaKoBa

pycLKa

Bi)J,icJiaJia,

neJihChKHil:

,IloTiM

IIIJIHXTa, TaM .lKe 3a

rrepecJii)J,yroqn, Myxa

3aKirrqnB

0JIL6paxTa

(Myxa)

3HOBY 36HpaB JIIO)J,, a KOJIH 6yB B O)J,HOI pyCHHKH, 3 HKOIO CIIiJIKyBaBCH, BH)J,aJia iloro

TaeMrro,

rraiiii

iloro rriiiMaJIH,

BHCJiaJIH, )J,e rroMep y B'H3HHlli".

)J,O

KpaKoBa

CTpHKOBChKHil:

3B'H3arroro

,CaM rroTiM Myxa

pyChKOIO IIIJIHXTOIO y HKOICh pycHHKH, 3 HKOIO JII06HBCH, crriiiMaHHH i )1,0 KpaKOBa rrpHBe3eHHH, )J,e y B'H3HHlli .lKHTTH 3aKirrqnB".

ABTOp rycTHH-

c h Koro JiiTOIIHcy: ,HeMH03i .lKe H caM HTh 6biCT B TeMHHIIH yMpe". YB 'H3Herroro ceJIHHChKoro rroJIKOBO)J,IIH raJIHllhKa IIIJIHXTa rre yB'H3HHJia B O)J,HY i3 cBolx <J>opTeu;L, a, HK IIHIIIe M. KpoMep, ,KopoJieBa )J,O KpaKoBa Bi)J,icJiaJia". OqeBH)J,Ho, Myxa 6yB oco6JIHBO rre6e3rreqrrnil H€

JIHIIIe )J,JIH Micu;eBol IIIJIHXTH,

HKUJ:O

iloro

,UOillfTy

rrepeBe3erro BHBi)J,aHHH

a.lK

MeTH

y iloro

a if )J,JIH yciel TO)J,iiiiHhOI IloJILID:i, KpaKiB,

Ma6yTL,

6opOTh6H.

TaM

)J,JIH y

)J,OKJia)J,rroro

B'H3HHlli

MrlfrryB, aJie He Bi)J,OMO KOJIH i IIpH HKHX o6cTaBHHaX.

BiH

224

BoJtoiJuMup

C mpama KpaKiBCbKOi

HapoiJHoco

cepo5l

1492 p.

i}Jopmeu,i

Myxu

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

Ka3eMamax

XyiJo:JICHUK

PoMaH

XoMa

TaK 3aKirrqnnocn rroBcTaHHH yKpalrrchKO-Mon~aBchKHX cennrr o~rre

1492 pp. rropa3KH,

rrai16inhiiiHX

cBi~qnno

ane

rrpo

rra

YKpalrri.

rrapocTaHHH

rrpoTH rracTyrry cJ>eo~anLrroro rrriTy i HH arrTnc)>eo~anLrrol 6opoTL6n rra

Bono

KnacoBoro

xoq

1490-

3a3rrano

orropy

cennrr

6yno rroiiiTOBXOM ~o po3ropTaH-

YKpalrri B XYI-XYill

cToniTTnx.

Arrani3 BHHHKHeHHH i p03BHTKY CeRHHChKOrO ITOBCTaHHH rri~ rrpOBO~OM Myxn ~a€ 3Mory CTBep~MyBaTn, rn:o u;e 6yB KnacoBnil, arrTnc)>eo~anh HHH Ha

CBOIM

crrpo6H

xapaKTepoM

ITORhChKOI

3aKpirraqHTH IX CenHHChKe

MirrHO

ITOBCTaHHH

pyx

cenHH,

yKpaiHChKOI yKpiiTHTHCH

36pOHHHH IIIRHXTH,

orrip

ITOHeBoneHHX

MOR~aBChKHX

OKYITOBaHOMY

6onp

Kpal.

14 90-14 9 2 poKiB 6yno Hai16inhiiiHM

TO~i

BciH YKpaiHi i Mano BeRHKHH BITRHB Ha aKTHBi3arriiO rOCTpOI 6opOTh6H cennrr rra 3axi~rroyKpalrrchKHX 3eMnnx B rracTyrrrri cToniTTH B3arani i rra IIpnKaprraTTi 30KpeMa. CaMe TYT rra rroqaTKY XVI cT. 3apo~nnacn TaKa CBO€pi~Ha

c)>opMa KRaCOBOI 6opOTh6H CeRHH, HK KaprraTChKe OITpHIIIKiB-

ImocmpoeaHa CTBo,

rn:o

30KpeMa

icmopi5l ,li,OCIUJIO

oco6JIHBO

1648-1654

Biilnn MyciJIH TOMY

BH3HaTH

CTBi

1648

PycLKOMY HK

qy,li,OBa I

u;ino

HaBiTh

HKi

poKy

BHUJ:i

CHJia,

O,ll,aJiiB

rrepio,11,

p03IIaJii

TepHTO-

BHCTYIIH,

HKi

napo,li,HO-BH3BOJihHOI

THX ropax MOH

OcTpopor,

pycLKOIO

cnJioro"

Bi,li,IIOBi,ll,aJIH i

,,UaBHO

rn:o TYT

TaKe

rpi3ne

rroqaJia

B B

BO€BO,li,rroBcTaH-

IIoKyTTi

BHHBJIHTHCH".

rrpnKaprraTChKi

ceJIHHH

cou;iaJihHO-eKOHOMiqHHH

IIHM IIi,li,TOqyBaJIH

U:e

IIOBCTaHHH

CaM6iprn:nni,

B.lKe

6yJIH

6yTn

BOpO.lK6a

qacy:

CeJIHHChKOrO

MO.lKe

6opoTL6a

XIY -XY

raJIHllhKiH

p03MaXOM

BOHO

3aXi,li,HOyKpaiHChKOrO

HaCa,ll,.lKeHHH

rrepiiie

,11,o6pe

CeJIHHChKe

rHiT

lj>eo,ll,aJihHO-Kpirroc-

HKi

HeMHHyqe

CTHXiHHiCTh, HeB,ll,aq

TepHe

BCi€I

,li,JIH

HapO,li,HHX

rrpnqnnaMH

BeJIHKe

crrpHHJia

IIi,ll,

BHHHKHeHHIO

IIpOBO,li,OM

BHHBHJIOCH

Myxn.

Hai16iJihiiiOIO

CeJIHHCTBa

IIpOTH

rrpaBa

3aKOHaMH.

HaCTYIIY

HOrO

lj>e-

.lKOpCTO-

AKTHBHHH

aHTHij>eo,ll,aJibHe

36poii-

IIpOTeCT

BOrHHUJ:e,

y,11,ap

rno6nTeJii-<J>eo,~J,aJIH.

IIOBCTaHHH

BHCTYIIH

CTOpOHH,

Bi,li,KpHTe

Bi,ll,qyJIH

cT.

3eMJii

IIOJihChKO-HiMellhKOrO

lj>eo,ll,aJihHO-a,li,MiHiCTpaTHBHHMH

iHIIIi

HiCTh,

B Ta

MHKOJia

6opOTh60IO

xapaKTepOM

BHJIHBCH HKoro

IIOBCTaHHH

OII03Hlli€10

KHMH

IIOCTiHHO

AnTnlj>eo,~J,aJILHa

HOIO

Ti€10

IIi,li,BaJIHHH.

CeJIHHChKOrO CBOIM

6yJio

cT.,

cT.

aHTHij>eo,ll,aJihHi

IIIJIHXeTChKi KOJia TOrO

MarHaT

(raJinqnni

aHTHij>eo,ll,aJihHOIO HHllhKi

XYII-XYill

XVIII

IIoKyTTH,

po3Maxy

IIHCaB

,qy,li,OBOIO

OIIpHIIIKH,

pp., KOJIH napo,li,HHH pyx oqoJIHB CeMeH Bncoqan.

YKpalni,

pyChKa

Toqniiiie

po3BHTKY

,UoB6yiiia

CIIaJiaXyBaJIH

rpi3noro

rrepecTepiraB,

raJinqnni

HH,

IIOCTiHHO

OJieKcn

225

ToM

nai16iJILIIIoro

IIpnKaprraTTH,

HKiH

na6paJIH

cBoro

rrepio,11, ,ll,iHJihHOCTi

raJIHllhKe pino,

IlpuKapnammR.

raJIHllhKiH MaC

BeJIH

,11,0

p03pi3HeHiCTh

MaJIO

,ll,iH

U:e

BOHO

CJia6Ki

opraHi30Ba-

6yJIH

HBHUJ:e

poKaX,

MaJIO

He,li,OCTaTHH

IIOBCTaJIHX

3aroHiB. Micu;e

1490-1492

KpiiiOCHHIITBa,

IIOpa3KH.

IIOBCTaHChKHX

€BpOIIH,

3eMJii

eiiOXH

rOJIOBHHMH

6yJIO

Pocil,

xapaK-

TaK

YKpalni. 0,li,HaK, BO,li,OM

He3Ba.lKaiOqH

Myxn

Bi,ll,irpaJio

CBi,ll,qeHHHM TOro,

UJ:O

CeJIHHH

<J>eo,~J,aJihiiO-Kpirrocnnu;LKoro couja.JILHe H 010,

He,li,OJiiKH,

rrporpecnBHY

BH3BOJieHHH.

poJih.

IIOBCTaHHH

IIo-rrepiiie,

XOTiJIH IIpHMHpHTHCH

rniTy

IIo-,11,pyre,

Hau;ioHaJihHO-BH3BOJihHOrO

CeJIHHChKe

6opoJIHCH

cBoe

na6paJio IIInpoKoro

xapaKTepy,

OXOIIHJIO

IIi,ll, rrpo-

Bono

6yJio

HapOCTaHHHM nau;ionaJILHe

anTnlj>eo,~J,aJih BCe

raJIHllhKe

lfllocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IIpnKaprraTTR, ny i

IIo)J,iJIJIR,

MoJI)J,aBiiO.

xoro

MoJI)J,aBil Ha

qac

CKJia)J,aJIH

)J,eCRTHTHCRq-

IIIJIRXeTCLKi

Ma-

<!JaKTHqHo

JiiKBi)J,yBaJIH

rra-

HyBaHHR IIIJIRXTH B i

CeJIR-

IIoBcTanuj BqHHHJIH 6a-

Haiia)J,iB

€TKH,

EyKOBH-

3arOHH

YKpalnn

TOR

HY apMiiO.

EyKOBHHi,

raJIHU:LKiH

3eMJii

3aB)J,aBIIIH

3Haqnol

IIIKO)J,H eKCIIJiyaTaTOpChKHM

KJiaCaM.

227

ToM

Oprani3oBani My-

IIOBCTaHCLKi

BeJIHKY

raTo

IlpuKapnammR.

BeJIHKa

RCKpaBa

CeJIRH

)J,y,

)KOpCTOKOI <!Jeo)J,aJILHOI

IIpOTH

CTOpiHKa

6opOTL6H

CBOIO

CB060-

CHCTeMH IIIJIRXeTChKOrO rOCIIO)J,apCTBa B

IIOHeBOJieHHX 3aXi)J,HOyKpa-

IHChKHX

3eMJIRX.

llo-TpeT€, IIOBCTaHHR HapO)J,HHX Mac

IIpnKaprraTTR i

rrpoBO)J,OM

Myxn

xapaKTepoM KOIO

6yJio

rrepio)J,

XVII

HiH

6yJIO

06KJtaiJUHKa

BeJIH-

npo

YK-

Bi)J,HOCHH.

aemopa

noecmaHH5l

Myxu

niiJ

1490-1492

Bono

BeJIHKoi

IIo-qeTBepTe,

CKJia)J,OBOIO

MOHocparjJif

ce!l5lHCbKe

npoeoiJoM

<J>eo)J,aJILHO-

po3ropTaHHIO

CTOJiiTTRX.

3eMJii

BiHHOIO

pocTy

KpirrocHHU:LKHX crrpHRJIO

po3MaxoM

rrepiiioiO

BH3BOJihHOIO

paiHi B

EyKOBHHH rri)J,

6opoTL6H u:e

qacTHHOIO

ceJIRH

ceJIRHCLKe

YKpalni

IIOBCTaHHR B

aHTH<!Jeo)J,aJILHOrO

XVI-

raJIHU:LKiH

pyxy

TO)J,iiii-

€Bporri. ICTOpHqHa IIOCTaTL Bi)J,Ba)KHOrO HapO)J,HOrO BaTa)KKa MyXH He 3aTy-

IIHJiaCR HOCTi

iCTOpil.

naiiiHX

rropiBHIOBaB

'-18H~M

rrpe)J,KiB.

Myxy

1578

lcTOpiiqHa

BiH CTaB CHMBOJIOM Bi)J,BarH,

poKy

IIOCTaTL

1492

BIIepiiie pp,

CeJIRHChKOrO

CTBOpHB Hill

xponicT

reTLMaHOM

IBaHOM

He3)J,OJiaH-

CTpHKOBCLKHH

lli)J,KOBOIO,

cTpa-

JlLBOBi.

o6pa30TBopqoMy MHCTeU:TBi.

Keiiii'I

BHIIa)J,KOBO

K03aU:LKHM

MY)KHOCTi i

BaTa)KKa

MyXH

Hapo)J,HHH xy)J,O)KHHK

KapTHHy,

306pa)KeHO

Bi)J,TBOpeHa YKpaiHH

IIpHCBRqeny IIOBCTaHHIO

3)J,06yTTR

IIOBCTaHU:RMH

qacTKOBO C.

I)Ka-

CeJIRH

1490-

IIIJIRXeTChKOrO

228

BoJtoiJuMup

3aMKy. 3i y

XyiJ,OlKHHK

36p0€10 6paMy

KiB.

Myxn,

BHJiaMH,

3aMKY,

u;eHTpi HKHH

III 06

rrocTaTi

rrJiaHi

lj>oHi

BOJihOBHH B)J,aJIOCH ChKOrO

KOCaMH,

KapTHHH

Brreprne

rraHChKOI IIOrJIH)J,

MeqeM

Ha)J,ae

IIOBCTaHHH

3po6nB

rHi3)J,O

)J,O

aTaKn.

JihBiBChKHH

xy)J,OlKHHK

BaTalKKa,

IIOBCTaHu;iB.

HapO)J,HOrO

MeCHHKa

iloro

IliJIOMY i

XyiJ,oM-

o6pa3iB

rropTpeTTKaqeHKO. MYlKHiH

XY)J,OlKHHKOBi

KepiBHHKa

poKiB.

ceJt5lH

niiJ

xyiJOJICHUKa

npoeoiJoM YKpai"Hu

Myxu.

3au;iKaBJieHocTi.

Myxn

IIOCTaTh

BJiaCHH-

IIOBCTaHHH

,UnHaMiqHiCTh

rrpnBa6JIHBOCTi

HKi

BpHBaiOThCH HOrO

KepiBHHKa

rroBcTaHu;iB erroxy.

ceJIHHChKoro BaTaMKa

1490-1492

HapoiJHOi!O

rapMaTaMH

IIOCTaTh

KapTHHi

KpirrocTi

o6pa3

aKTHBHHX IIOBCTaHu;iB,

HeHaBHCHe

3aKJIHKaB

o6pa3

IIoecmaHH5l KapmuHa

MeqaMH, u;e

KapTHHi

3BepHeHHH

Bi)J,TBOpHTH

o6pa3H

KOJIOpHTHa

Bi)J,o6pa3HTH Myxn

Crrpo6y Bi)J,TBOpHTH HOMY

Bi)J,TBOpHB

3HHIIIHTH

rri)J,HHTHM

HHKOBi B)J,aJIOCH caMol

B)J,aJIO

Fpa6oeeu,oKUU

i"J~CaKeBulfa

CeJIHH-

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

229

Po3,IJ,iJI V

JIITOIIMC ICTOPII IIPMKAPIIATTH B XVI

IIEPIIIIM IIOJIOBMHI XVII

CT.

3ACEJIEHH51 fAJIHQhKOI 3EMJII B XVI-XVII

CT.

icJHI CKJia)J,HHX IIOJiiTuqnux Ta eKonoMiqnux 11pou;eciu XIVXV CTOJiiTh llpHKapllaTChKa 3eMJIH BCTYIIHJia B HOBHH llepi"'- --"""' O)J, cuoel icTopil.

B XVI cToJiiTTi me ne 3auep111HBCH llpo-

u;ec 3aceJieHHH IIpnKapllaTTH. 3a IIO)J,aTKOBHMH peecTpaMH )J,OCJii)J,HHKa 0. JI6JIOHOBChKOro, B raJIHIIhKiH 3eMJii B 1564 pou;i HaJiiqyuaJIOCH 519 ciJI i 36 MicT. 1677 piK, )J,HMY -

IIpu6JIH3HO qepe3 100 poKiB, To6To cTanoM na

IIO)J,HMHi pe€CTpH

(IIO)J,aTKOBi,

HK TO)J,i BH3HaqaJIHCH,

Bi)J,

XaTH) IIO)J,aiOTh B.lKe 56 4 CeJia i 38 MiCT. 3a llepio)J, Bi)J, 15 64

110 1677 pOKH Ha TepHTOpii llpHKapllaTChKOrO KpaiO BHHHKJIO 6araTO HOBHX ciJihChKHX IIOCeJieHh i MiCT. BiH )J,a€ llpaBO, IIIO

3aKyTi

KpiiiOCHY

CeJIHHH

Jiyru,

HH3HHHi

llpHKapllaTChKiH i

pi3noro

MUHU

HeBOJIIO

MaCHBH,

OCBOIOBaJIH JiiCOBi HH30BHHi,

po)J,y

)J,aTH

U:e 11pH6JIH3HHH lli)J,paxyHOK, aJie

3a HeiiOBHHMH )J,aHHMH, )J,aTH xapaKTepHCTHKY TOro, Mi!IIaHH

ripChKHX CMyrax.

)J,.lKepeJiax

HOBHX

11pHrH06JieHi

IIOJIH B Ha)J,)J,HiCTpHHChKiH

ciJI

3ra)J,yiOThCH

3 a

MiCT.

B11ep111e

u;eil

11epio)J,

)J,aHHMH )J,OCJii)J,HHKa

IIeTpa

Cipe)J,.lKyKa, uonu BHcTyllaiOTh 3a TaKoiO xponoJioriero 110 ToroqacnoMY

a)J,MiHiCTpaTHBHOMY IIO)J,iJiy: H IaJIHIIhKOMY 11ouiTi: KJiy6iuu;i, MnKHTHHIIi, II111enuqnnKH ( 15 11),

I iuKu Kin, KollaHKH, Tn.lKiB (1515), IOpKiBKa (1521), 3aTypun, lli)J,IIqepu

(1524),

Iy6peu;h

BeJieCHIIU:5I),

II I49), (1552)

TapuoBHIIll

(1544),

He6uJiiB,

roKcauu

(1525),

rnuJIOBO)J,H,

CoJioneu;h

(1550),

Yl3)1,

BeJieCHHIIH (1548),

MocTHIIIe

(1534), (3

1763

Y3HH

(1539),

BepXHH

Jla3apiBKa,

HouocTauu;i

(1551), JlyKB'liHH,

IIo6epe.lK.lKll

U:eJIHBa (1553), Epnnh, BiKTopiu (1555), Mannua (1556),

230

BOJwiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bTWU

IIpucJiirr, 3 1964 p. JlyKBHIVI (1558), .HcTpeM6ellh (1565), PycuJiiB

(1567), KpacuJiiB, MuxaifJiiuua (1576), Ko3uua (1577), BoJIO!IIHHa, 3aKpiu~:~i,

KoTiB,

Mo3oJiiBKa,

Pu6nuKu,

CTauu,

TycTaHh

(1578),

fyMeniu, 3aua)J,Ka, MnKoJiaiBKa, U:uiToua ( 15 7 9), fJiy6oKa, KoTy3iB

(1581), BoJioxiu, 36opa, IIepeKocu, IIpoTecu, IIaueJihqe (3 1946 p. IIauJiiBKa, 1582), Ha,ll,Bipua ( 1589), ru, CTe6uuK (1596),

EpaniBKa, fopoxoJiuuo, IIopo-

KaMinL, .Hceub (1597), Kpacue

(1598), Ce)J,-

JIHCKa (1600), IIeTpanKa, Cepe,ll,niil Yrpuuiu (1605), 0Tunin, Pa)J,qa

(1606), KpnqKa (1608), KyporraTBiB (CTpHM6a, 3 1609 p.), ny)J,3HH, KoncTaHTHHiBKa, KpnBellh, HociuKa ( 161 0), Houi CKoMopoxu, Ea6unKa,

fpa6uq

(1612),

BoiluuJioBoK,

1658 p.

CiJihlle

(1614),

3eJieua 6iJin IIniu'n (1615), BoJIHIIH 6iJin foJiroqe, CKorriBKa (1617), CJio6o)J,a Maii)J,ancLKa -

faupuJiiBKa, Ma3ypiBKa 6iJin M. CTanicJia-

ua, IIuJinua, CTpyrrKiB (1618), IIaciqua 6iJin Ha,ll,Bipnol (1619 p.), BucoqanKa (1620), PaKoBellh (1621), Huuoquu (1622), KouaJiiBKa CUo6poBi)J,Ka), Kpuue, .HuopiBKa (1623),

CTpnran~:~i

(1624), Eepe-

3iBKa (1625), Jlucellh (MicTeqKo 1628), fpa6iuKa, XMeJiiBKa (1629), EarpiBKa (1630), MicTeqKo Eoropo)J,qauu, MucJiiB, Purr'nnKa (1631), II ociq (16 3 3), IIoroun (16 3 4), KponuuuuK (16 4 0), MicTeqKo KpacuorriJIJIH (3 fJIHHKH,

1658 p.

r Jiy6oKe

CoJIOTBnno,

1641), Pu6ue (1643), fJiu6iuKa,

6iJIH Eoropo)J,qau' PociJihHa ( 16 4 4)' Maii)J,aH 6iJIH

faJiuqa (1646), MicTeqKo BouqKiB (3 1677 p. MapiaMrriJIL,

1647),

Maii)J,an 6iJin KaJiyiiia (1648). B KoJIOMHHChKOMY rrouiTi 3acjJiKcouaui B )J,MepeJiax Toro "' )J,OCJii)J,nuKa II.

Cipe,ll,MyKa TaKi rrepiiii rruceMni 3ra)J,KH rrpo uaceJieui rryn-

KTH: IIorreJihHHKH (1521), Iuauiu (IBaniBlli), Cepe,ll,niil Eepe3iB (1515), Buuorpa,ll,, fopo)J,eHKa (1524),

Tpon~:~n

(1531), Pocoxaq, TniiiKiBlli,

(1532), IIeTpouenb (1549), Tonopiuui (1551), fouqapiu, Jlo€Ba (1558), nyqaquK, ,UparacuMiB,

<l>panKiBlli

HouociJIKa (6iJIH c. PoMHiB,

(1564), MicTeqKo KociB

(1565),

1570)' niJii OcJiaBH, EopuciBKa, IIi)J,-

CTaB, IIorriuua, qopui OcJiauu (1572), MuxaJIKiB (1575), ,I(MypKiB, KocMaq, HuMniil Bep6iM, Pyurypu, qexoua (1579), MaJiuil Kmoqiu

(1592), BeJIHKHH PoMniu, MaJiuil PoMniu, Tw,ll,iB (1593), MicTeqKo Ka3auiu, MouacTupoK, MocKaJiiBKa, XuMquu ( 1600), illeueJiiBKa ( 160 1), 3aMyJIHHlli (1604), MicTeqKo BJio)J,KiB (.H6Jiyuiu, ,Uy6iu~:~i

6iJin

3a)J,y6piBlliB

(1610), JlwToBa

1606), EpycTypiu,

(1612), AKpeiiiopu

1946 p. Ea6uuorriJIJIH, 1514), neJI3ellh (3 1672 p. TaTapiB, a 3 1946

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

231

p . - KpeMiHI:Jj), ,Uopa, MoHaxiBKa, RMHa (1620), AHiJ,piiBKa (1622),

Y cTepiKH, KHH.lK)J,BipKa ( H H.lKHiB 16 2 4), q opHHH II oTiK ( 1 6 2 9) , M oJIO)J,HTHH,

JinrriBKa

(1631),

EonpceJio

1671

JiroqKa,

1639),

IIpoKypaoa (1640), EaHH Eepe3iB, 3apiqqn (1641), PaKoBeiJ,h (1642), Jlyr,

Mnxy)J,pa,

(1643), MaJia KaMiHKa, CJio6o)J,a 3a-

MoJIO)J,HJiiB

JIYIJ,hKa, BepxHiH .HceHiB, qepraHiBKa (1644), CJio6o)J,a 6iJIH roi3)J,IJ,H

(1645), ,UeM'HHiBKa,

Ko3HHeiJ,h,

MapKiBKa,

CJio6o)J,a

PyHrypchKa,

TeKyqa (1646), KyTchKa Coo6o)J,a (1647), IIoTiK (IIoToqnme), Bep6ooeiJ,h

(1648).

JIK IIOKa3ye IJ,eH rrepeJiiK HaCeJieHHX IIYHKTiB Ta IX rreprni IIHCeMHi 3ra)J,KH,

IIpnKaprraTTH Ha Toil qac 6yJio rycTo 3aceJieHe.

0)J,HaK pH)J,

ciJI i MicTeqoK rri3Hirne 3HHKJIH a6o BJIHJIHCH B 6iJihiiii ceJia qn MicTa, a6o 3HHKJIH BHaCJii)J,OK CTHXiHHHX HBHIII, Ta Ha6iriB TaTap. 3a CIIOCTepe.lKeHHHMH

)J,OCJii)J,HHKa

II.

Cipe)J,.lKyKa,

CoKiJihHHKH,

HKi

orreprne

3ra)J,yiOThCH B IIHCeMHHX )J,.lKepeJiaX Bi)J, 1438 poKy i 30BCiM He 3ra)J,y-

1492 po11,i, 6yJin, Ma6yTh, 3HHIII,eHi TaTapaMn. I Eepe.lKaHH

IOThCH B

Ha KoJIOMHHIII,HHi, rro)J,i6Ho )J,O rrorrepe)J,Hhoro ceJia, B.lKe He icHyBaJIH B KiHIJ,i

XV cToJiiTTH. HaceJieHi rryHKTH MnxaiiJio Ta HaM'HTnqi, 111,0

3ra)J,yiOThCH IIeprnnii,

BIIeprne

Ma6yTh,

3HHK

13 9 4

p011,i,

rricJIH

TaTapchKoro

IIOTiM

TaKO.lK

3ra)J,yiOThCH.

1532 poKy, a

rrorpoMy

i1,pyrHH, Bipori)J,HO, rrepecTaB icHyBaTH y 3B'H3KY 3 IIO)J,iHMH IIOJihChKOMOJI)J,aBChKOI BiHHH 1531 poKy, OCHOBHHM TepeHOM HKOI 6yJIO IIoKyTTH.

TaKa )J,OJIH MorJia crriTKaTH i

BaJiocn B B

ceJio

IIo)J,oBre, HKe orreprne 3ra)J,y-

14 53 po11,i.

raJIHII,hKOMY

IIOBiTi

icHyBaJIH

CeJia

nJiaroBilll,eHHH,

3ra)J,yBaJiocn B 1458 po11,i, JleJIHBa (1553), JlyKB'HHH

piBKa (1618), IIa)J,HeBa (1408), CTaBH (1578), aJie B.lKe B BOHH

rrepecTaJIH

icHyBaTH,

3HHIII,HJIH

HKe

BIIeprne

(1552), Ma3y-

TaTapChKi

XVI cToJiiTTi Op)J,H

( 14 9 4,

1532, 1538, 1566 pOKH). AKTHBHHH rroBi)J,HHMH

rrpo11,ec

3aceJieHHH

IIpnKaprraTTH

coiJ,iaJihHO- eKoHoMiqHHMH

6yo

rrepeMiHaMn.

BHKJIHKaHHH

oi)J,-

CyTh IX rroJinraJia

B TOMy, 111,0 IIpHKaprraTChKHH IIIJIHXTHq-lj>eo)J,aJI rroqnHaB rrepeTBOpiOBaTHCH

JIHIJ,apH

ceJIHHChKoro

3eMJieBJiaCHHKa.

rocrro)J,apcTBa

Ha iJ,YMKY )J,OCJii)J,HHKiB, raJIHII,hKiH 3eMJii CKJiaJIHCH HOrO

Jia)J,y,

HKi

yBiHIIIJIH

B.lKe

XVI -

qHHIII

noro

rreprniil

rOJIOBHHH

)J,OXi)J,

XVII cT.

3a)J,oBiJihHHB. rroJIOBHHi

YKOpeHHJIHCH CIIeiJ,Hij>iqHi OCHOBH arpapB

icTopiiO

IIi)],

Ha3BOIO

lj>iJihBapKOBO-IIaH-

232

BoJtoiJuMup

IIIHHHOI

cncTeMn,

IIIJIHXTa B HOBHIII:e

CBOIX

CeJIHH

IIOCHJieHHH )J,aHHH B

IIpaBi

(HK

COrriaJihHO-eKOHOMiqHi 3a

)J,aHHMH

KiJILKiCTh cToJiiTh

Toro

IIYCTHpHX

MicTeqoK

2 61

6y Jill

Jiicax

y a6o

KH)J,aB

BiJihHi

JIIO)J,

3eMJii.

BHKOpHCTO-

3aci6

6opOTh6H

KopoHH

rropiBHHHHi

XVI

4 5, 4

CBOI

III:O

rrporreHTa,

(53,4

XVII

rrpnqoMy

rrporreHTa),

rrporreHTa).

IIJiarr)J,apMaMH

KoJIOMHHChKHH

poKoM,

rroJIOBHHi

(3 3, 1

ciJI

1500

rrepiiiiil

Ha i

CBi)J,qHTh,

raJIHIIhKHH

Hepi)J,KO

iHTepeCH.

MiCT

Bi)J,rroBi)J,HO

HaTypaJihHHX

CB060)J,H

Tpy)J,OBHH

He3aKOHHO),

Cipe)J,MyKa,

IIOBiTi

KoJIOMHHChKOMY

rryHKTiB

36iJihiiiHJiacn

raJIHIIhKOMY

rrpaBaX III:O

JIIO)J,

rroJihChKO-IIIJIHXeTchKOI

rrpaBOBi

HaceJieHnx

BBalKaiOTh,

II.

Bi)J,po6iTHOI peRTH,

CTap03BHqaeBHX

rrpnKaprraTChKHH

rrpaBHJIO

CTa-

IIaHiB.

OCBOIOBaB

cncTeMoiO

rrpnKaprraTChKa

coujaJihHO-eKOHOMiqHe

36iJihiiieHHH

pi3HHX

yMoBax

KOTpi

rrepeceJieHHH

<J>eo)J,aJihHOIO

Pi3Ke

CBaBOJieiO

IIOpOrH

BrrpoBa)J,MyBaJia

rroripiiiHJIO

KpaiO.

HecTeprrHnx

iCTOpHKH,

U:e

qnHIIIY

cyrrpOBO)J,HJIOCh

TaKnx

ByBaB

iHTeHCHBHO

BChOMY

IIaHIII:HHH,

rrpa6aThKiBChKi

HKY

Ma€TKaX.

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

)1,0

rronBa

3a6y)J,OBH

IIOBiTH

ciJI

ripChKHX

TepnTopiil.

XapaKTepHO' HaceJieHHHM, i

)J,MyK,

KpiM

IIOJIHKH,

aJie

IIo)J,iJIJIH

cyci)J,Hix

KpaiB MiCTaX

IIpOlKHBaHHH, )J,03BOJIHJIO

KpaiH.

rycTOTH,

36eperTH

He3BalKaiOqH

3aceJieHHM 3a

4 12

THCHq

IIOHa)J,

315

THCHq,

KpiM

BipMeH

KaraJIH,

rrniiie

BOJIOXH

BoJIHHi, II.

€Bpei,

rpyrr

eBpeiB,

CBOIX

MicrreBHM

EyKoBHHH,

eTHiqHHX

CTBOpiOBaJIH

BipMeHH

Cipe-

KapaiMH,

HaCeJieHHH

po3ceJIHJIHCh

rro

KOMIIaKTHHX B

caMocBi)J,oMicTh

YKpaiHH

)J,OCJii)J,HHKiB,

qoJIOBiK, a

MichKHX

HeCIIpHHTJIHBi

perioHoM

IIOXO)J,lKeHHH CBOIM

yroprri,

iHIIIHX

ciJihChKHX

rri)J,paxyHKaMH

JIH3HO

JIHIIIe

rreHTpiB

IIOCeJieHHH, B

III:O

yKpaiHChKOMY

MaCHBi".

BHTKy.

IQ 0)1,0

rrepeceJieHrriB,

HarrioHaJILHY

BHHHKHeHHH

)J,o6pe

BOHH

BoHn, i

BHXi)J,rrHMH

BipMeHH,

€Bpei o6'e)J,HyBaJIHCh

piBHeM

6yJIH

p03CiHHO

3aCeJIHJiaCH

rroTorri

rrpe)J,CTaBHHKH

eTHOKYJihTypHOMY 3a

yKpaiHrriB,

CeJiaX

3eMJIH

yKpaiHChKHMH

IIpn)J,HirrpoB'H.

cep6H

raJIHIIhKa

TOMY

MiChKiH Ha3B

xapaKTepoM

THCHq

HaCeJieHHX )J,aBaJIHCH

Toil

raJIHIIhKa qac

I I HaceJieHHH

qncJii

HaceJieHnx

YMOBH,

rryHKTiB, 3eMJIH

icTopnqHoro cTaHOBHJIO

ciJihChKiH

6yJia po3rrpn6-

MicrreBOCTi

lKHTeJiiB.

IIYHKTiB THMH

IIpHKaprraTTH, 03HaKaMn,

ImocmpoeaHa MHHyJii

icmopifl

qacn.

rrepeKa3aMH,

IlpuKapnammR.

EaraTo

Hapo)J,

OIIOBi)J,aHHHMH,

233

ToM

rroB'H3yBaB

UJ:O

rro6yTyBaJIH

pi3HHMH

TOMY

JiereH)J,aMn,

KYTKY

KpaiO,

u;iKaBHMH 3a CBOIM 3MicToM Ta xy)J,O.lKHiMH )J,OMHCJiaMn, IX rn:e il 3apa3 MO.lKHa

rroqyTH

MaH.lKe

IIOTpe6yiOTh yBa.lKHOrO HKi 6 IIi)J,TBep)J,HJIH u;e. icTopii Harnoro ,U ern: o,

Ha3BH

ceJii

IIi)J,XO)J,y JiiHrBiCTiB,

MiCTi.

AJie

u;i

Ha3BH

apxeoJioriB Ta iCTOpHKiB,

CKJia)J,Ha u;e rrpo6JieMa i )J,aJieKO He BHBqeHa B

MO.lKHa

3'HcyBaTH,

icTopnKa rrpo<J>ecopa

ciJI".

iloro

03HaKaMH rrpnpo)J,H. ro CBiTy -

KO.lKHOMY

IIpnKaprraTTH.

rrpaB)J,a,

raJIHIIhKoro

iJ,YMKY,

orrnparoqnch

MnpoHa

Ha )J,OCJii)J,.lKeHHH

Kop)J,y6n

)J,o6npaJIHCH

u;i

,3Bi)J,KH rriiiiJIH

Ha3BH

rreBHHMH

CKa.lKiMo, 3a 03HaKaMH pocJIHHHoro i TBapnHHO-

IIrneHnqHHKH,

Ko3HHa,

Pn6HHKH,

U:BiTOBa, ropOXOJIHHO,

KyporraTBiB, rpa6nq, 3eJieHa, rpa6iBKa, XMeJiiBKa, BnHorpa)J,, ,Uy6iBu;i, 3a)J,y6piBu;i, JinrriBKa, rHHJIOBO)J,H,

Bep6oBeu;L.

MocTnrn:e,

CTaBH,

3a ri)J,porpalj>iqHHMH 03HaKaMH 3aMyJIHHIIi,

YcTepiKH,

qopHHH

IIoTiK, JiroqKn, 3apiqqH, IIoTiK. 3a rrpHKMeTaMn, BJiaCTHBHMH Tiil qn iHIIIiH oceJii, HKa Bi)J,pi3HH€ IX Bi)J, iHIIIHX, CKOMOpoxn,

Cepe)J,Hiil

Eepe3iB,

rJiy6oKa, KpnBeu;h, HoBi

HoBociJIKa,

qopHi

OcJiaBH,

niJii

OcJiaBn, Hn.lKHiil Bep6i.lK, MaJIHH KJiroqiB, BeJIHKHH Po.lKHiB, MaJIHH Po.lKHiB, EaHH Eepe3iB, MaJia KaMiHKa, CJio6o)J,a 3aJIYIILKa, BepxHiil .HceHiB, CJio6o)J,a PyHrypcLKa. ceJia:

KorraHKH,

lli)J,rreqepn,

Jieu;h, BncoqaHKa, rJIHHKH, MH

3a Kpae3HaBqnMH 03HaKaMH rroxo)J,HTh IIo6epe.lK.lKH,

rJiy6oKe,

KpaCHJiiB,

rJiy6oKa,

Ea6HHOIIiJIJIH, RMHa.

iMeHaMH TaKo.lK II03HaqaJIHCH rreBHi

rroceJieHHH,

Ci-

Oco60BH-

caMe:

MnKH-

TUuuj, Jla3apiBKa, MnxaiiJiiBKa, MnKoJiaiBKa, IBaHiB, IIeTpoBeu;L, BJio)J,KIB, AHiJ,piiBKa. ,Uy.lKe naTChKi

IliKaBi ceJia,

CBOIM

CTapOBHHHHM

TycTaHh, BoJioxiB, IIJ,O

,UaBHhOpyChKOI iCTOpHqHOI o6JiaCTi ra.JIHD;bKOro.

IIociq,

IIOXO)J,.lKeHHHM TaKi Man

bOJIOXiBChKOI 3eMJii qaciB ,UaHHJia

MapiaMIIOJih,

Po3coxoq, MoHaCTHpoK?

l.rrapT qnMch TaKH rroB'H3aHe 3 TaTapchKHM Ha6iroM. A ii

bOHpCeJio? ..

U:iKaBO

6yJIO

IIpHKap-

rreBHe Bi)J,HOIIIeHHH ,11,0

po3ra)J,aTH

IIOXO)J,.lKeHHH

CeJIO

KHH.lK)J,BipHa3B

BCiX

Il1* ciJI i MiCT: BOHH Bi)J,KpHJIH 6 He O)J,Hy Ta€MHHIIIO icTopii IIpHKapM.ii. i .Koro Kparo.

234

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

fAJillQbKA 3EMJI51: IIPABIITEJII I KPIIIAKll aJIHllhKa

3eMJIH

XVI

neprniil

noJionnni

XVII

cT.

a~MinicTpaTHBHHM no~iJioM Peqi IIocnoJIHTOI nxo~nJia B CKJia~

PycLKoro

noeno~cTBa

CKJia~aJiaCH

JIHllhKoro, Tepe6oBJIHHChKoro Tarnonannil

BHrJIH~i

TOMY na3HBaBcH Ocnony

BJiacnicTh

nanynannn

3 eMJIIO

ni~nocnnn

II)

ra-

EyKoBHHH

Yropmnnn,

raJiy3h

cycniJILHoro

CeJio

6yJio

KpinOCHHllhKOI

BH3naqaJia 3BO~HJIHCH

eKCnJiyaTau;ii

ni~nocnnn

nnpo6nnu;Tna

roJIOBHOIO

MilK

eKcnJiyaTau;ii

clj>epo10

CeJIHHCTBa.

rpynaMH

cycniJih-

3eMJieBJiacnnKaMH

3eMJIH 30Cepe~MyBaJiaCH, rOJIOBHHM qnnoM, y pyKaX BeJIH-

KpinaKiB.

cepe~HiX

KHX i

nponi~ny

rocno~apcTBO.

ciJihChKe

<J>eo~aJILHoro

na norpannqqj

noBiTiB

OcTanniii 6yn po3-

II OKYTTHM.

eKonoMiKH,

cTanoBHJIO

CTBa.

KyTa

3 TphOX

KoJIOMHHChKOrO.

3eMJieBJiaCHHKiB, ~epMaBH i

u;epKBH.

IIpoTHrOM XV -XVI CT. 6iJihiiiiCTh MiCT i ciJI raJinqnnn, IX npnpo~ni 6araTCTBa

BCTHrJia po~iB

HaTChKHX

3aXOnHTH

PycLKoro

1500 ceJiaMH i MicTaMH. TnqnnMH JIHJIHCH

BnJIHBaMH naHH

KynKa

MarHaTChKOI BepxiBKH,

noeno~cTBa Cepe~

XVI

cT.

BOJio~iJIH

nepxiBKH po3MipoM MaeTKiB i

BH~i足

nyqau;hKi,

JI3JIOBellhKi, 36opOBChKi, Xo~opincLKi,

II OTOllhKi,

,UaHHJIOBChKi,

Jli060MHp-

ChKi, qypHJIH, KMiTH, TapHOBChKi,

KaMineu;LKi

inrni. 3naqny KiJILKiCTh <J>eo~aJiiB cTanoBHJia cepe~足

IIIJIHXTa.

Bona

no-

Jio~iJia ~BoMa-TphoMa ce-

JiaMn,

noci~aJIH

npe~cTaBHHKH

TaKoM naMJIH-

a~MiHiCTpaTHBHi

ca~H

B raJIH~,

IIO-

KoJIOMHI

i Tepe6onJii, 6yJIH KOMen-

JioJtbCbJW

UJ!l5lxma

2pae10pu

XVI-XVII em.

Marnona~

noJii-

Imocmpoeana )J,aHTaMH

icmopi5l

c)>opTellh

IlpuKapnammR. i

3aMKiB,

235

ToM

a)J,MiHiCTpaTopaMH

IIpH

36opi

IIO)J,aTKiB

TOIIIO. Cepe)],

rroJihChKHX

rrpau;roBaJia

neMaJia

KiJILKiCTh

yKpaiHChKHX

cepe)J,nix po)J,iB.

HaMararoqnch

TOJIHqHJIHCh, TOpChKOI IIIJIHXTa

IIpHHHHJIH

BepxiBKH. IIpH

3p03yMiJIO,

36eperTH

IIIJIHXeTCTBO

Oco6JIHBO

Be)J,eHHi

OCKiJihKH

CBOI

eKOHOMiqni i

3aXHillaJIH

rypTyBaJiach

6opOTh6H

IIpOTH

CeJIHHChKi

II03Hllii, iHTepeCH

MaJIH

IIOKa-

eKCIIJiyaTa-

yKpalncLKa

HapO)J,HHX

BHCTYIIH

6onpchKHX BOHH

rroJihChKa

3aBopyiiieHh.

aHTHc)>eo)J,aJihHHH

xa-

paKTep HaJibHe MHKY

IIOXO)J,MeHHH.

Bi)J,

6opOTh6H

rrphBHilla

Jia

BepeCHH

,I(oKa30M

1608

HapOCTaiOqHM yKpaiHChKOI

rpnu;hKa

llhOrO

poKy,

HapO)J,HHM

IIIJIHXTH:

CBapnqeBChKHX,

IIOCTaHOBH

€

HKOMY pyXOM.

IBaHa

raJIHllhKOrO

ceif-

o6rOBOp10BaJIHCH

3aXO)J,H

lli)J,

CTOHTh

BacKa

IIOCTaHOBOIO

rpa6oBellhKOro,

LKypaKOBChKHX,

llaB-

,UparoMnpeu;hKHX

iHIIIHX. qaCTHHa

KOJIHIIIHhOI !1,pi6HO

6onpChKOI

3HaTi

rrepeXO)J,OM

raJIHllh-

KOI YKpalnn-Pyci rri)J, Piq ITocrroJIHTY rrepeiiiiiJia na cTopony rrepeMOMlliB, CTaJia

CHJihHOIO

OIIOpOIO

3aBOHOBHHKiB

3aXi)J,HOyKpaiHChKHX JIHX.

Peqi

JIHTiil y

XVI

3eM-

ITocrroCT.

cjJiJih-

Ba pKOBO -IIaHIIIH3HHHa CHCTeMa

)J,OCHr Jia

coKoro

BH-

p03BHTKy.

lloJihChKHH

JIH£1ap

peTBOpHBCH

po6a,

rocrro)J,ap-

CTBO na

3aBiB i

3eMJie-

CIIpHMyBaB

nai16iJihiiiHH

6yToK.

ToMy

rre-

yce rrpn-

llpn-

KaprraTTi TaKOM iHTeHCHBHO

p03BHBaJIHCH

cjJiJILBapKoBi

EyiJiBnuu,mBo nancb1C020 rjJiJlbBapKy.

2pU610pU

1637

rocrro)J,ap-

CTBa MarHaTiB

TH-

raJIHllh-

Kiil,

TiJihKH

IIIJIHX-

llepeMHIIIJihChKiH

Cnnou;LKiil

3eMJIHX,

236

BoJtoiJuMup

3acBi)J,qyroTh

)J,OKyMeHTH

XVI

cT.,

TaKnx

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

rocrro)J,apcTB

naJiiqyBaJiocn

50.

IIOHa)J,

<l>iJILBapKH

rrpunocnJIH

IIIJIHXTi

MarnaTaM

3Haqni

)J,OXO)J,H.

IIpo-

iJ,YKrriro BOHH 36yBaJIH B ToproBeJihHHX rreHTpax Peqi IIocrroJIHTOI a6o HarrpHKJia)J,, MarnaT .H. IloTOIIhKHH B CBOIX Ma€TKax B

3a II MeMaMn.

1610

600

3arOTOBHB

6oqoK

KpyiiH

KOpa6JieM

eKCIIOpTyBaB.

KiJILKiCTh rrpo)J,yKrrii 3pocTaJia 3a paxynoK 36iJihllleHHH cjJiJILBapKoBoro

rocrro)J,apcTBa.

JIHHChKi

na)J,iJiu,

rpO)J,ChKHX

Tpiqa€MO

illJIHXTa

cuJioMirrh

BciJIHKHMH

crroco6aMH

rrpH€)J,HyBaJia IX )J,O

KHHrax,

IIIJIHXeTChKHX

3axorrJIIOBaJia

ce-

CBOIX JiaHiB.

CeJIHHChKHX

CKaprax

3YC-

6araTO c)>aKTiB HaCHJihHOrO H He3aKOHHOrO 3aXOIIJieHHH c)>e-

O)J,aJiaMH CeJIHHChKHX 3eMeJih, B pe3yJihTaTi qoro 36iJihlllyBaJIHCH cjJiJihBapKOBi 3eMJieBOJIO)J,iHHH i JIH.

TaKi

c)>aKTH MaJIH

Ma€TKax

na6upaJIH

MarnaTH RKiB,

O)J,HoqacHO 3MeHIIIyBaJIHCH

Micrre

HK y

KOpOJiiBChKHX,

rro)J,eKy)J,H

KaTepuna

MacoBoro

MnKoJia

CeJIHHChKi Ha)J,i-

TaK i

B IIpHBaTHHX

xapaKTepy.

HarrpHKJia)J,,

IloTOIIhKi

3i CBOIMH

cJiyraMH

1585 porri narraJIH na ceJio Ko6nJihOBKa Tepe6oBJIHHChKoro rroBiTy 6e3 YCHKOrO Ha Te rrpaBa

"paiiTOBO Bi)J,HHJIH IIOJIH" y MicrreBHX CeJIHH.

B 35 ceJIHHChKHX rocrro)J,apcTB BOHH 3axorrHJIH 6JIH3hKO 50 rrporrenTiB ycix CeJIHHChKHX Ha)J,iJiiB, o6po6JieHi IIOJIH 3aopaJIH, 3aCiHJIH, a qacTHHY ciHOMaTeH BHKOCHJIH. TaKe crrocTepiraJiocn ciJI

CTapyni

)KypaKiB

1616 p. BJiaCHHKH

B ripchKHX ceJiax. TaK, y "parrToBo

Bi)J,HHJIH

Jiicu

rpynTn"

ceJIHH

cyci)J,Hhoro ceJia MonacTnpqanu, rrocrri111no BnopaJIH Ta 3aciHJIH. CeJIHHH Ha rreif

He3aKOHHHH

MarnaTH OpeH)J,Ha

CHCTeMa

Ma€TKaMH. HHX

aKT

!1,pi6na

qac

HKHaif6iJihllle

3aiipOTeCTyBaJIH.

IIIJIHXTa

rrepe)J,aBaJIH

OCHOBHOIO

CBOrO

"rOCIIO)J,apiOBaHHH"

rrpu6yTKiB,

IIpnKaprraTTi rrepeBaMaJia

c)>opMOIO

3acTaBna cJ>opMa

HHX rrparri Ta

3YCHJih,

IIpOTe

ciM

36iJihlllyBaTH

MeJihHOI

IIOBHHHOCTi

opeH)J,api

CeJIHH

opeH)J,H.

open)J,y. TaKHMH

BHTHraJIH

rrepe)J,

3 Ha

,UJin MarnaTiB

rrpu6yTKOBOIO, He BHMaraJia

IIpH3BO)J,HJia )1,0

Ma€TKY i MacoBo I rraBrrepu3arrii ceJIHH.

Ma€TKH

yrrpaBJiiHHH

3YIIHHHIOqHCh

cepe)J,HhOI IIIJIHXTH 6yJia BOHa IIpOCTOIO i ~)1,

CBOI

CTaJia

IIOBHOrO p030peHHH

Open)J,api naMaraJiucn rrepe)J,yIIHM

rropylllyBaJIH

HOpMH

3e-

peRTH.

EKcnJiyaTaTopcLKi rpynu )1,0 cTapwuuu -

Bi)J, MaruaTiB i

uaii,IJ,pi6uimoi III.JHIXTH

.IKHJIH 3a paxyuoK 3aKpina'leuux ce.JUIII.

BuaCJii)].oK

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

eKoHoMiqnnx 6araTo

3Min,

qannnx

rreprnol

,,lJ,BOpHIIJ;Hi", paKTepH3Y€

JIIO)J,eH

CeJIHHH

MaJIH

ceJIHHHHa

MaJIH

)J,O

rreBnoro

paJihHi

noBi

HaHBHOI

CH)J,iJIH

,rriBJiaHOBi"

KpiM

3BH-

)J,MepeJiax rroHHTTH

Bee

,niBJiaHHHKH".

KiJihKOCTi

HHX

xa-

:u;e

3eMJii.

lliJIOMY

a6o

O)J,HH

a6o

IIOCi)J,aJIH

cT.

OCKiJihKH TO

XVI

MaHMe

MHTTi

TaK

CTapHX

6yJIH,

,po60THHX"

ce-

,HeTHrJii"

30BCiM

6i)J,HHMH.

3apaxyBaHHH

,,UannnKn"

cnJiy

CeJIHH,

THrJIOBOI

iMeHyBaJIHCSI

BH3HaqaJIO

rrpornapKy.

)J,annny.

HHX

MiCIIHX.

OTMe,

TeM

po3BHTKY

Bi)J,po6nol

306oB'H3aHHX

)1,0

BCH-

T06To

po6iT.

JIIO)J,H

Bonn

6e3

MaJIH

rrpHCTaHOBHma, Ticnirnnil

3B'H30K

rri3nirne

ceJIHHCTBO

c)>opMOIO

KapTnna

BHaCJii)J,OK

HKa )1,0

me MaJio

IIOBHHHOCTeH

3MiHHJiacn.

p03BHTKY

)1,0

pa6ChKOrO rrepio)J,

HKech

6yJIH

Bn3HCK

HaTy-

cJ>eo)J,aJia-

IIaHmH3HHHO-cjJiJihBapKO-

)1,0

6e3IIJiaTHOI

rraHChKOro

)J,Bopy,

CTaHOBHma.

pi3KHH

CeJIHHCTBa.

HeHaCTaHHY

IIOBHHHOCTeH,

ceJIHHHHa

ocTaToqnoro

CIIpHqHHHJIO

JIIO)J,ChKOI

rrepeBe)J,eHHH

IIOBOpOT B

KpHB)J,y,

<l>paHKO TeMHOTY,

ceJIHHHHa

cou;iaJihHO-eKOHOMiqIIHCaB:

,IJaHmHHa )J,JIH

3)J,HqiHHH

BTpaTy

ri)J,HOCTi".

eKoHoMiqne

BHHCHHTH

HaHBaMqnx

IIpHKpiiiJIHJia

raJIHllhKOrO

inaqnJia

i qnj u.rro

3axi)J,noyKpalncLKe

illJIHXTa )J,06HBaJiaCh He06MeMeHoro rrpaBa Ha)J, IIi)J,)J,aHH-

CTOJiiTTH

IIOqyriM

Xy)J,o6n,

OCHOBHOIO

36iJihiiiHBCH

rraHmHHH,

ii .U 11 iiimv,

TDTJii"

CH)J,iJIH

ceJIHHH,

rranchKHX

IIpHMyiiiyBaJia

IIOBO)J,HJia

HaHBHiCTIO

po6iT.

XIV -XV

CHCTeMH.

M)KK0J

cou;iaJILHoro

rrpornapOK

rpornoBi,

CeJIHH

3'HBHJiocn

JIIOCTpaujnx,

pyX OM ••

IIOJieriiieHHH,

JIOMy

ceJii

,rri)J,)J,ani",

3YCTpiqa€MO

IIOBHHHOCTeH

rrJiaTHJIH

,nepo6iTni"

CeJIHHChKHM

3'HBHBCH

RKmo

CHJIY

po6oqoi

IIaHmH3HHHHX

Bi)J,

aKTax,

KaTeropinx.

HaiipHKJia)J,,

,ociJii

,TDTJii"

c)>eo)J,aJihHHX

BHKonyBaJIH

iKH

cT.

p03pi3HHJIHCH

THrJIOBY

ceJIHHH,

nyJIH

,JiaHOBi"

CeJIHHH

BHKOHaHHH

peRTH

3aJieMHOCTi

,KMeTi"

,JiaHHHKH"

,rriB)J,BOpHmHi",

,lJOTY:IKHi", HKi

6yJIH

rpyrryiOThCH

XVI I

cT.,

oc)>iujnnnx

rpyHTY.

raJIHllhKi

CHJIH.

XV-XVI

B B

,xJiorrn",

rroJIOBHHH

)J,BOpHma,

rriBJiaHy

JIHHH,

,niB,lJ,BOpHIIJ;Hi",

,,I(BOpHmHi" IIOJIOBHHi

ceJIHHH

TepMiHiB

237

ToM

Bi)J,6yJincn

rrpornapKiB.

cKaprax

yMe

XVI -

HKi

coujaJihHHX

inBeHTapnx

KHX

IlpuKapnammR.

cTaHOBHme ceJIHH y

OCHOBi

JIIOCTpau;ii

KopoJiiBmnnax B

1564-1566

poKiB.

XVI Y

cT.

BCiX

238

BoJtoiJuMup

CTapOCTBaX

CeJHIHChKi

npnpiBHIOBaJIH )J,O CTOCyBaBCH ChKOrO

nepeBaMHO

JIIOCTpaTOpH

rpynH

OCHOBHY

BHXOBYIOTh", 6apaHOBi, KiHChKin npaBi, lx

Bi)J,

KOMHOrO

YMOBH

JIHrne

CTaHOBHJIH

JIIO)J,H",

KOTpi

CJio6o)J,HHH

no Me

)J,eHKHX

6yJIH

rran6iJihlll

onncax

HKi

TaKi

100

HiM

npOMHBaJIH

BiBqapi. a6o

OBellh,

aKTHBHHM

ripChKHX

TonopiBu;nx

IlpH

onnci

CeJia

KOTpi

BiBu;i

nOBHHHi )J,aBaTH CHpOBi

HH3HHHHX )J,aHHH.

,cJio6i)J,Hi",

CeJiaX

CTaHy

OKOJIHllh

KMeTi,

MHByqn

rraTypaJihHHX T06TO

KyTax

OBeqoMy

KMeTi

Bi)J,

IIHX

KMeTi.

,BiBqapi

T06TO

HOBHX

3aJieMHO

CeJIHHH-BiBqapi,

,CJI060)J,HHH",

noceJIHJIHCH

CaMe

O)J,HOMY

MHTTH,

)J,O

CHHTHH-

,U3Birrnqe,

3anHCaB:

CTa)J,a,

ryrri,

3araJIOM

Jierrni

3MyrnyBaJIH

CeJIHH

CTaHOBHJIH

HKi

no)J,iJI

cTapocTBax

,po6oqi"

Pn6rre,

TaKnn

PoraTHHChKOMY

OCHOBHOMY

a6o

)J,BOpHrn:ax,

Jiarry.

KoJIOMHnChKOrO i

CeJIHHH-BiBqapi,

ceJiax

JIIOCTpaTOp

O)J,HOMY

nonpy3i.

MaJIH

BXO)J,HJIH

CeJIHH

HHX

1/2

a6o

nOBHHHOCTen.

,THrJii"

ripchKHX

npo

CeJIHH

TepMiHH

BepCTBY

Pn6rroro

KOpOJiiBITJ:HH

Bi)J,po6iTHHX

KMeTiB

OKOJIHIIHX.

)1,0

rpynyBaJIHCH

no)J,iJiy

Tepe6oBJIHHChKOMY

rpynyBaJIH

a6o

nepeBaMaiOTh ,I:(o

cTapocTe.

THrJIOBHX

rocno)J,apCTBa

3eMeJILHoro

Fpa 6oeeu, bJW i1

BOJIOChKOMY

OKOJIHIIHX,

0KpeMy

rpyny

,npHXOMi",

,HOBi

KOpHCTyBaJIHCh

eJieMeHTOM

O)J,Hin

niJihraMH.

arrTncl>eo)J,aJihHHX

3aBopyrneHHHX.

XVI

Kirru;i

neprnin

TOBapHo-rpOIIIOBHX BaHHH TiiB,

CeJIHH. 3

iHIIIOrO

ceJIHH.

6e3

III, 0

Bi)J,HOCHH

O)J,HOrO -

pou;i

neBrroro

YHBHTH

Y 15 9 7 HKHX

xy)J,o6n,

1000

IIIJIHXTH.

KynKa

rraJiiqyBaJiocn

ociJii,

CTaH

THrJii",

,)J,yMqnx"

po3BHTKY p03111apy-

ciJihChKHX i

6ara-

6e33eMeJihHHX

100 30

THX

50 80

rreBeJinqKoMy

po3nOpH)J,MaJIOCH

nOBHHM

BHKOpHCTOByBaJIO

npau;10

CeJIHH,

ceJIHHChKHX

6yJIH

,y6orn-

HaBe)J,eMO )J,eKiJihKa

Ili)J,ropo)J,HITJ: ax icrryBaJIH

XaTa,

CTO)J,OJia, oBeu;L.

roJiiB

CTanHH,

TaKe

npnpiBHIOBaJIOCh

3BnqanHO rra

Konen,

rpHBeHh

yTpHMyBaTH

6yJIH

CnOCTepira€ThCH

MaJI03eMeJihHHX

ToBcToMy ,JIIO)J,H

BHacJii)J,oK

Manna.

npHKJia)J,iB.

IIITYK

Ma€TKOBHn

)J,apcTBa,

raJinqnrri

cT.

36araqyBaJiaCH

KiJihKiCTh

rrnx

6oKy,

pOCJia

15 9 8

rocno)J,apcTB. MH",

XVII

nOJIOBHHi

)1,0

Ha)J,iJIOM, y6orHX

ceJIHHChKi KiJihKa

rocno)J,apcTBO Ma€TKOBOI

pi3HOI

rra)J,iJii.

nJiyr,

TaKe

XY)J,06H

MeHIIIe

O)J,HOCeJihlliB.

JiaHy,

ou;irrwBaJIOCh

BapTOCTi

ceJIHHChKe

rocno-

BOJiiB,

!1,pi6HOI

MOMHa

6yJIO

rocno)J,apcTBO 6e3CYMHiBHO,

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

IX IIOBHHHOCTI

KPIIIAKH I rraqrry rpyrry JIH

pi3rri

He3aMOMHHX CeJHIH raJIHllhKOI

MaJio3eMeJILHi

,,3aropo~HHKH''

KH"

a6o

,)I,OMHHKH",

6e33eMeJILHi

,,oropo~HHKH'',

a6o

,HaHMHTH",

HKi

rraHJIIH3HHHO-KpiiiOCHHllhKOI CHCTeMH ro

BaMKOrO

eJieMeHTOM

eKOHOMiqrroro

239

ToM

rri,IJ)J,arri:

,rri)l,ca)I,KH",

,,KOMipHHKH'',

3'HBHJIHCH XV -XVI

CTaHOBHJIIa

3eMJii CTaHOBH-

,,xanyTIHH-

BHaCJii)I,OK p03BHTKY

CTOJiiTh i

6yJIH

CHJIY CBO-

Haif6iJihlll

aKTHBHHM

CeJIHHChKHX pyxax.

PicT u;nx KaTeropiil rre3aMOMHHX ceJIHH 6yB rroMiTHHM BMe y XVI cT.

E. ,UpaKoxpycT, JIHJJJe 3aropo,li,HHKH i rri)l,ca)I,KH B

3a rri,ll,paxyrrKaMH JJJeCTH

cTapocTBax

rrpou;errTa

JIIOCTpau;iif, KH

IIpnKaprraTTH cTaHOBHJIH

Bi)I,HOJJJeHHIO

)I,O

Bcix

478

ceJIHH.

iHBeHTapHHX OIIHCiB TOrO

qoJioBiK,

qacy BHIIJIHBa€,

Pn6rroMy

IIi)l,ropo,ll,u;i 3aropo,li,HHKH rpyJJJeBi

(CHHTHHChKOro CTapOCTBa)'

(raJIHllhKoro a6o

rri)l,ca)I,KH

3aropO,li,HHKH

KaMyTL,

)l,aBaJIH

rre

rriqoro

rpollliB

TpH )),Hi,

aaropo,li,HHKH i

JIIO

qnrrJJJy,

IIpHKa3aJIH".

B iHJJJHX

Toqrro

)l,aBaJIH,

MaJIH

3eMJii,

.. KOMOpyBaJIH"

,JIHJJJe

KypKH,

II O)l,i6rri

)J,OCHTh

6araTO.

OBIHIH n rr".

Kirru;i

HaBiTh

3aMOMHiJJJHX CeJIHH.

IJK IIpnKaprraTTH MaETKaX

rre

XVI

IJ: e

rrepJJJiil

ceJiax

CBO€I TaKi

JIIO

TUM,

H€llh

Y IM

,po6HJIH

IIpnKaprraTTH. ,KoMiprrnKn".

XaTH

XVII

lli,O,

Bonn

MeJJJKaJIH

KOMipHHKH B

rroJIOBHHi

IIOHCHIO€ThCH

po6JIHTh,

pp.

IIOBHHHOCTi BHKOHyBaJIH

3ra)l,yiOThCH B JIIOCTpau;inx, -

po6iT.

Y RMHOMY BOHH )l,epMaJIH rroJie,

KopoJiiBChKHX

IIOCi)l,aJIH

3aBaJIJii,

15 67-1571

BH3rraqerrnx

H nMqo10 Bi)l, 3aropo,li,HHKiB Ka Teropi€10 6y JIH in

XopOCTKOBi, RMHOMY'

3a JIIOCTpau;i€10

MaJIH

cjJiJILBapKax B IIoTou;i".

piqrro

THMHeBe

cTapocTBa)

10,6

pe€cTpiB,

JIIO 3aropO,li,HH-

6yJIH 306oB'H3aHi )1,0 pH,ll,y c)>eo)l,aJihHHX IIOBHHHOCTeH.

rpyJJJeBi,

a6o

rro6opoBnx

a6o

KOpOJiiBJIIH-

3aTe B rrpnBaTHHX cT.

IX 3HaqnThCH

rroqnrraiOqH

,ll,pyroi

XVI cT., JJJJIHXTa cncTeMaTnqrro 3axorrJIIOBaJia ceJIHHChKi

KpiM

Toro,

ceJIHHCTBO

po3op10BaJiocn

opeH)I,HOIO

cncTeMoiO,

11HHHMH IIOCTOHMH i rrepeXO)I,aMH JJJJIHXeTChKHX i BOpOMHX BiHChK.

l.iK

rrocTyrroBo,

BTpaqa10qn

rre

JIHJJJe

•i H i MU.i CeJIHH BJIHBaJiaCH B rpyrry

3eMJIIO,

aJie

CBOI 6y,li,HHKH,

,KOMOpyiOqHX IIi)l,)l,aHHX".

11, MJJJMaiOqH Ha Mi3eprre Ma€TKOBe CTaHOBHJIIe KOMipHHKiB, c)>eo)l,aH II H I I i liH Ha HHX )I,OCHTh BaMKi IIOBHHHOCTi. ,I(epMaBu;i H opeH)I,api

240

BoJtoiJuMup

)J,OTpHMyBaJIHCH

rpyiiH

KOMipHHKiB

Ma€TKOBHM 6yJIO HHX

BCTaHOBJieHOI -

,y6orHX

CTaHOBHUJ:eM

3aCTepeMeHHH, IIOBHHHOCTeH,

Bi)J,

UJ:O

IIOBHHHOCTeH

XaTH",

rrepiiiHX,

BOHH,

,6iJihiiie

HOpMH

6e3

KpiM

He B

i1,pyroi

3ri)J,HO

iHBeHTapHiM

ycTaHOBJieHHX i

)J,JIH

BH)J,iJIHJIH

KOJIH

IIOBHHHi

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

OIIHCi

HOpM

lj>eo)J,aJih-

6yTH

IIpHMyiiie-

MaiOTh

Hi" bJIH3hKO HHX

)1,0

KOMipHHKiB

JIIOCTpaujnx

BHCTyrraiOTh MOBHTH,

iHIIIHX

pO)J,OBi

MaHHOBOrO 3MyrneHi

70-x

IIpHMHKaJIH

poKiB

aKTax

XaJiyiiHHKH,

MHTH

XaJiyiiHHKH

cT.

BlKe

HKi

p03IIIapyBaHHH

6yJIH

XVI

rn:e

KiHuj

BHXO)J,HJIH

3y6oMiJIH,

)J,Bopax

MaJIH

CBOIX

a6o )J,OMHHKH.

3ra)J,yeThCH,

XVI

CT.

O)J,HOrO

nyJIH,

po11,y,

TiJihKH

pi)J,HHX,

aJie

TaK

aJie

CBOI

Ilpo BOHH

CHJIY

XaJiyiiKH

3aJIHIIIaTHCH

rrocJiyrax. Xoq Ta

CJIYlKHTH qepe3 )1,0

MOrJIH

iHIIIHM

CBO€

CJiyr

Bi)J,pi3HHJIHCh

BHlKHTH

3y6oMiJIHX

3aJIHIIIaJIHCH

3aMOlKHiiiiHX

CeJIHH.

CTaHOBHUJ:e

MaJIH

iHIIIHX

lKO)J,HHX

cTaHoM i

)J,BipChKi

IIIJIHXeTChKHX

3BepTaJIH

yBarH

)1,0

IIpOMHCJiiB

HapiBHi

iHIIIHMH

cepe)J,Hhoro

3aMOlKHOrO CeJIHHCTBa. <l>eo)J,aJIH

rroroHi

6iJihiiiHMH

)J,OXO)J,aMH

o6THlKyBaJIH CeJIHH Ha)1,3BHqaiiHHMH, BeHTapHHMH, UJ:H3HHHHMH THMH, IXHi KH

IIOHa)J,iHII03aiiaH-

IIOBHHHOC-

3aXOIIJIIOBaJIH

OCTaHHi 3eMJii.

KJiaiiTH-

TaKHM

qn-

HOM, BHaCJii)J,OK HaCTy-

H qn

eKOHOMiqHe

eKCIIJiyaTyBaJIH

rpyrraMH

HaHMH-

icHyBaHHH

CTaHOBHUJ:e y6orHX ceJIHH

6yJIH

po60TH.

Ha6JIHlKaJIHCH

HaCeJieHHH

3aco6iB

MaiiHa,

3MyiiieHi

XaJiyiiHHKH

ciJihChKOrO

lj>iJihBapKy,

IIIJIHXTa

Bi)J,

rOCIIO)J,apCTBa

HaHMaTHCH

KaTeropiH

HKi

IIOCJiyrax

MarHaTH

O)J,Hi

CBOrO

eKOHOMiqHe

Me6paKiB,

raJIHIIhKi

rOCIIO)J,apHM

BalKKe

Hai16iJihiii

TiB,

xaJiyrrHHKH

BOHH

paiiKa ma io6a Ha nanu(uHi. 3 2pa 10pu XVI m.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

rry c)>eo)J,aJiiB y y6ori

CeJIHHH

cBoro

rrecTeprrrroro Manno,

qoro

BTpaqaTH,

xoq

3eMJIIO

cTarry.

Birr i

BiH

3JIOTHX

6yB rpOIIIOBHH qn

rpnBrri,

CTOHJIH Bi)J,po6iTKH.

3aMoMrroro

rrriT,

poKy

rpHBHi i qnrriii

,rrirn:o 6iJILIIIe",

rra

HKHH

rroqaTKY

cKoByBaJio

ceJIHHHHY rre

6yJio

Micu;i

20 rpoiiiiB )1,0 2

KOJIHBaBCH Bi)J,

XVII

cT.

rra

rrepiiioMy

Micu;i

3pOCJia BeJinqnrra Bi)J,po6iTHOI peRTH. ,rriJILHoro

CTOHB

a rra rroqaTKY

,3ri)J,HO 3 3aMoMrricTw" Bi)J,

,piqHHH

ceJia .HcerroBa. qnrriii"

TyT

p03MipoM

XVII cT. ceJIHHH crrJiaqyBaJIH

1 )J,O 3 3JIOTHX.

ITOBa HepiBHiCTh B cepe)J,OBHID:i CeJIHH. 3iqrro

ceJIHHHHa

y6oroMy

1564 p. OCHOBHOIO IIOBHHHiCTIO CeJIHH CHHqnrriii,

KpiM TOrO,

rrepiiiOMY

CHCTeMH

Ha IIIJIHX 6opOTh6H.

U:e MOMHa rrpocTeMHTH rra rrpHKJia)J,i TOrO

241

3MyiiieHi 6yJIH IIpOTeCTyBaTH IIpOTH

RKrn:o

TeprriB

CTaBaB

JIKID:O 3a JIIOCTpau;i€10 THHID:HHH

rrepio)J, p03BHTKY cjJiJihBapKOBO-IIaHID:H3HHHOI

BTpaqaJIH

noro

ToM

IlpuKapnammR.

15 64 p.

HaMiqaJiacn ManKMeTi Bi)J,p06JIHJIH

7 )J,HiB (2 )J,Hi opaJIH, 2 )J,Hi MaJIH, 3 )J,Hi KOCHJIH, a IIOKOIIIeHe 3rpi6 aJIH,

CKJia)J,aJIH

3B03HJIH,

,KOJIH

CKa-

MYTh"). Ha rroqaTKY

XVII

cT. ceJIHHH u;Loro "' ceJia Bi)J,p06JIHJIH 8 )J,HiB (2 )J,Hi opaJIH opaJIH "'

rraBecrri, BOCeHH,

MYCHJIH

)1,0

3acinTH,

)J,Hi TOrO Bpo-

Mail 3BeCTH 3 IIOJIH, 3MOJIOTHTH

pH)J,HO"

BHKOHaTH.

u;Loro

Bee

u;e

IIOBHHHi

rn:e

,noKpiM 6yJIH

3 )],Hi KOCHTH, a rra 4-il BHXO)J,HTH Ha TOJIOKy). QiKaBi 3MiHH 3 OrJIH)J,y po6oTH B ceJiax, HKi o6cJiyroByBaJIH B

IloTou;i.

poKy

cjJiJILBapoK, RKrn:o

CeJIHHH

Toro

IloTOKy,

PycoBa, ny)J,HJIOBa ,po6n-

/KHUHa

cpae10pu

naHU{UHi,

JIH

XVI

KOJIH IM rraKa3aJin", To6-

em.

cjJiJihBapKy,

Io:O

242

Bo;zoiJuMup

rn:e

1622

6yJIO

poKy,

niB)J,BOpHUJ:a,

JIHJIH

)J,Hi

XO)J,HJIH TaK

CTOpOlKY )1,0

a6o

MilK

)J,aHHHY

15 6 4

iHIIIHX

BHKOHyBaJIH

BiBqapi

MaJIH,

TO)J,i

rp.,

a6o

CTa)J,a no

BiBca

KMeTi,

O)J,HOMY

)J,aBaJIH

HKi

MilK

Tiel

piK

nncaHO: MaTh

PocToK iHBeHTapi

ropax

Ha)J,

3eMJieiO.

qnHrny

ryHi,

qepe3

)J,aBaJIH

O)J,HOMY

3a 3a-

qnHHTH xail

TiJihKH Bi)J,)J,aiOTh OBeqy )J,eCHTHHy, paHiB riB".

piqHy 30

U:e

oTe,

ceJiax

cyxnx

6yJIH

Bi)J,)J,aJieHi

II p

6a-

ncTpy-

Hai16iJihiii

ripcLKi B

ceJia.

HaniBripchKHX

nopH)J,

qnHrneM BMe

CeJIHHH

)J,aHHHaMH B

1564

306oB'H3aHi

6yJIH

CiHoKocu 3

KyHno;i,

naHut,UHi. XYI

3 a

KYHH£110

CHpH Bi)J,

OBeqoMy

iHIIIHX

Bi)J,)J,aJieHiCTh,

pi3Hy o;e

Pn6HOMY

KOlKHY

rpHBHi,

BHXOlKyBaJIH"

O)J,HiH

OCHOBHOMY

OJI)J,aBChKOIO

nOBHHHOCTeH

CeJiaX

qepe-

LK.O)J,HHX

)J,e

JiicaMn,

JIIO)J,H

MorneM, HKHH po3MeMoBye KopoHy

)J,Hi,

UJ:O

3BHqaeM a6o

HKHX

, Ti )J,Ba ceJia Jie-

npnqHHH,

nOBHHHOCTi.

Mall

ripchKHMH

I l p o CeJIHH-KMeTi B 3 ciJI

1622

OKOJIHIIHX.

niBCBHHi".

,UoBrOnOJIH

10 -

Bi)J,po6-

ryMHa",

ripchKHX

piKaMH,

,3aMiCTh

,BiBo;i

6apaHOBi,

iHBeHTapH

KOCHJIH

o6opn,

ripChKHX

3ri)J,HO -

TaKOlK

HKi

)J,aiOTh

rpOIIIOBi

ceJIHHH

,)1,0

peHTa

iHIIIHMH

ciJI

)J,aHHMH

)J,Bopnrn:a

po60TH".

, CeJia,

Ha)J,

rocno)J,apCTBa

HaTypaJihHi

KYHHllh

KypKH.

3anncaHo:

niJihHHX

)J,Bopnrn:a

CnJiaqyBaJIH

HOrO

<J>eo)J,aJILHa

HaTypaJihHHX )J,aHHH,

T06TO

BCHKi

rp.

BOCeHH,

lj>iJihBapKy,

TaK

BiBqapi".

KOMHoro KOJIH

BlKe,

iHIIIHX

HaBeCHi

6yJia

qnHrny

BHKOHyBaJIH

AJihnaMH,

Bi)J,

THrJii,

iHIIIOIO

JIIOCTpau;inx

naHUJ:HHH,

piqHoro

THlK)J,eHh

CTeperJIH,

3oBciM

KpiM

pi3HHX )J,eCHTHH

BH3HaqeHOI

BOHH,

Fpa6oeeu,oKUU

KOlKCHpOBi

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

B03HTH )J,epeBa no

Ha 6y)J,OBY

3)J,aBaTH

)J,Ba

1622

IlpuKapnammR.

iHIIIi

KyTax,

CHHTHHChKOrO )J,BOpa -

nOBHHHOCTi

6iJihiiiHX nOBHHHOCTeH

THMH",

III: 0

KpiM

KOMHHH

Toro,

KocHJIH

HaKa3oM".

KoMHHH

npau;IOBaTH )J,aBaTH Ho,

,neBHe

rn:o

TH".

KoMHHH

piM

)1,0

pi3HHX

qHHIIIiB,

)J,eCHTHH

CHBHO

HaBiTh

XVI

cena,

KpiM

cT. )J,e

pycLKoro

(Monnu;nx,

II p o

CBHHeH

iHTeHCHBHe

HKe

)J,aBaJIO CBOIX

36epernncn npaBa,

cena,

ciJI

qnMaJio

)J,BOpHHChKHMH

Bi)J,

cena,

peiiiTKH

HKi

TaKHX

KOIO

K.iJibKa HHM!

OCa)J,

)J,O

KHH3h

TBOpHJIH

IIIicTKH

( 'IG118UJ,l.1H~

HeCJIH

36opn

306oB'H3yBa-

3)J,aBaJiaCH

KJiaCaM

cJ>eo)J,aJiaMH 6iJihiii

IIpo

nepeBaMHO

,KHH3iB"

piK. HK

II i

npaBa.

ripchKHX TinhKH

ciJI

3a6e3neqeHi

qoni

BOJIOChOTaMaH. Kpail-

KHH3i BoHH

3eMJieiO

BHKOHyBaJIH

,KpaHHHKiB"

CaM6ipUJ:HHH,

3ai1Ma-

BOJIOChKOMY

ypH)J,HHKaMH.

HanHCaHO

cena

pyChKHH

KpaHHHKOM.

CJiyM6y

cenax

rn:e

npaBo.

BonocLKi

npaBOM,

6ynn

iHTeH-

BOJIOChKOMY,

BOJIOChKHX

)J,Biqi

poKy.

pycLKoro

BOJIOChKe

cy)J,OBHMH

cTaHy

6araTLox

Me qoJii

6ynn

BiHChKOBY

c)>yHKllii. H

MaB 0K-

ciJI.

)J,OCJii)J,HHKaMH.

TaKHM

KpaiHY

oceJIHMH,

npHBineiloBaHoro naHiB,

(IAMiHiC"Jpan"'BHi HO)J,HMO

36npanncn

CTOHB

ynpaBJIHJIH

Kann Hi

CeJIHHH

CeJia

piK

n'nToro

cTapoBHHHoro

naHyBaJio

IIpnKapnaTTi

Kpaw,

3anncaBi)J,)J,aBa-

nOBHHHOCTeH,

ni)J,KOpHJIHCh npaHy.

BOCeHH

pa3H

)J,epeBa

nOBHHHiCTh".

XY)J,06H

MHBYTh

ynpaBJiiHHH npau;h

noJihChKHMH

naHiBHHM

cena"

,3ri)J,HO

3BHqanMH

IIpHKapnaTTH

BBe)J,eHHH

139

iHIIIi

poKy

HaTypaJihHHX

ni)J,)J,aHnx,

)J,e

HaJiiqyBaJIOCH

yci

Bi)J,)J,aBaTH

,BeJIHKO)J,Hy

qeTBepToro

raJIHllhKOMY

KOpOJiiBUJ:HHaX

3aMKY

iHIIIHMH

TOUJ:O.

3Mory

3YCTpiqa€MO

icHyBaJIH

BCiX

KOMHoro

Ko6aKiB

)J,O

Ma€THOC-

3JIOTHX.

TeCJIHpaMH,

Pn6Horo,

CeJIHHH

,BeJIHKOiJ,HY noBHHHiCTh

,3ri)J,HO

BHKOHyBaTH

OBellh,

eKcnnyaTyBaTH

nonoBHHi

noTpe6y

Hailpi3HOMaHiTHiiiiHX

npaBa,

iHBeHTapeM

3ri)J,HO

KOMHOrO

MeJihHHKaMH

KyT, i

,poroBUJ:HHa"

He3BaMawqn HiMellhKOrO

KOJIO)J,

BHKOHaHHH

rocno)J,apcTB

ncTpyriB.

Bi)J,po6iTKiB

JIHCH

6y)J,OBY

3o6oB'n3yBaJIHCh

)J,eCHTHHY,

cnpHTyBaJIH

3o6oB'n3yBaJIHCH

ceJIHHHH

3BHqa€M".

ceJIHHH

1, 2, 3

,BcinnKy

)J,eHh,

HhOrO

qncno

BOHH I I

npHB03HTH

MaB

6iJIH

)J,aBaB

)J,aBaJIH

O)J,HH

,3 KOMHOrO )J,BOpHUJ:a

,qHHIIIY rpOIIIOBOrO

rocno)J,ap

ceJIHHH

rpoMa)J,OIO

3ri)J,HO

Ko6aKax

Pn6HoMy

3HaqHo

243

ToM

HaneBi)J,

ciJihChKi

qacTO

3Ha-

I I epeMHIIIJihUJ:HHH,

244

BoJtoiJuMup

Bnxo~nqn

KHX ~0

3 TBapHHHH~hKoro xapaKTepy rocrro~apcTBa,

cenax MaHMe CITRaTH

cin.

MaCOBa

6yno

KOpHCTh

qnnrny

ornn~y

nerrne

KOROHi3a~iH

rrpOXO~Hna

poKax

rraHUJ:HHH,

cTaHOBHUJ:e

~ocHTh

~o6pe

,Ha

,Uo TOrO

TIOJI.HHax", lK

HOBOITOCeneH~i

BOJIOCLKOMY

OTpHMyBaRH

Bi~

OCHOBHHX

lj>eo~aRhHHX

aKTHBi3a~ii rroceneHh

ITOBHHHOCTeH.

Ha BOROChKOMY rrpaBi.

U:e

cenax,

OCHOBHOMY

cenHHH

,Ha~ ITOTO-

CTapOCTH

( 10-20 poKiB)

CITpHHRO

TaK,

60-x

3acenHIOTh

npaBi.

KOpORH

neB Hi ,rrinhrH", 3a HKHMH 3BiRhHHRHCH Ha ~eHKHH qac Bi~

,Ha HOBOMY KOpeni", Ha

BOROChKHX

KOponiBUJ:HHH y

HK oca~qi

aJie

Bonoch-

3BO~HRHCh

BonochKHX

XY -XYI CT.

CeRHH

KepiBHHKiB

mOCTpa~iH

BH~Ho,

,Jiicax",

cennn

IlpHKaprraTTi

Ha BOROChKOMY rrpaBi.

XVI cT.

ITOBHHHOCTi

lj>eo~ana

IlpHKaprraTTH ,Ha CHpOMY KOpeni", KaMH",

Fpa6oeeu,oKUU

rn:e

6inhiiiiH

CHHO~hKiH

3eMni

i3 11 HOBOYTBopennx ocenh B cepe~nni

XVI cT. 9 6ynn 3aceneni na

BonochKOMY

CMonhHHK,

rrpaBi

(IQaBne,

TypHChKe,

KoManqa,

RBop-

HHK, ManiBKa, MnroBa, ConHHKa, Rcene). B nrocTpa~il rrpHMO 3arrncano, rn:o ~ani cena ,rroqann 3acenroBaTHCh B rrononnnax MilK nicaMH,

B ropax

Ha BOROChKOMY rrpaBi".

naHU(UHi.

XyiJoJ~CHUK

.aeuHeKa

ImocmpoeaHa AJie

)J,JIH

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

XVI

cepe)J,HHi

qac, rroqaBcH HacTyrr HaCTYII

6yB

MHCJiiB.

B.lKe

HHMH

TOqHo

HaKa.lKyTL".

60 Ha

CKaprH

TaK

TaK, y

Ba.lKKi

Bi)J,po6iTKH, qn

,)J,e

rraHIIIH3HHHO-

IIpHBaTHHX

BHKJIHKaB

Ma€TKaX.

OC06JIHBO

1640 p.

cT.

HaTypaJih-

HaKa.lKyTh"

raJIHqHHi

U:en rrpo-

XVI

poKH

IIOpH)J,

IIIO

BCiH

IIOMilliHKiB

)J,OKa3oM rroBHoro 6e3rrpaB'H ceJIHH.

60-Ti

BHKJIHKaHHH

ITO

Tpy)J,HHH

cTaHOBHille.

IIIJIHXeTChKHX

)J,OCHTh

ceJIHH,

IIpOXO)J,HB

,UpaKoxpycT,

HaCTYIIHB

CeJIHHH

,po6JIHTh,

KOpOJiiBChKHX,

CeJIHHChKi

ciJI

BHKOHYIOTh

<J>eo)J,aJiiB

rrpaBa

KopoJiiBIIIHHH

BH3HaqeHi,

3ayBa.lKHJia

lj>iJihBapKiB

BOJIOChKHX

CHCTeMOIO,

orrip

qHCJieHHi

p03BHTKOM

pH)J,i

HacTyrr

B)J,aJio

Ha IX rrpHBiJieiloBaHe

)J,aHHHaMH

<!>iJILBapKOBOIO 3HaqHHH

<J>eo)J,aJiiB

u;e

245

BOJIOChKOrO

JIIOCTpau;inx IIIO

rpOIIIOBHMH

ciJI

BHKJIHKaHHH

Bi)J,3Haqa€ThCH,

xoq

cT.,

IIpHKaprraTChKHX

ToM

opeH)J,apiB

ceJIHHH

€

CTaHhKOBOI

CKJiaJIH cKapry Ha rrocecopa IlaBJia KypoBChKoro 3a 36iJILIIIeHHH <J>eo)J,aJihHHX

IIOBHHHOCTeH

cKap3i, ,qoro

CaMoyrrpaBCTBO

,noHa,lJ,

.HK

HiKOJIH

6yJio",

Ha)J,

,He3aKOHH0

MymyBaB", ,B HiiiJ;O o6epTaB",

CeJIHHaMH.

,HecJiymHo",

iHBeHTap",

TaKi

BHCJIOBH

,yB'.SI3HIOBaB",

3BHIJaii:",

TIO,l],aTKH",

,npH-

,o6yxoM rp03HB",

,3aO-

,He3BHIJaii:Hi

,noHa,lJ, ,l],aBHi:U:

p10BaB", ,3aciBaB", ,Ka3aB Bi,l1,pi3aTn", ,no6nB", ,reTL i3 ceJia BHrHaB", ,o6yxoM 6HB )1,0 B

OIIHCaX,

CMepTi",

rrepeKOHYIOTh,

,Ha IIaHIIIHHi IIIO

lj>eo)J,aJIH

o6yxoM B

6HB",

HKi B.lKHBaiOThCH

IIOrOHi 3a )J,OXO)J,aMH

BaJIH HOpMH lj>eo)J,aJihHHX IIOBHHHOCTeif, 3aXOIIJIIOBaJIH y Xy)J,o6y, MH,

BCHKi

CB0€10

,rri)J,)J,aHHMH",

CBCiX.

CeJIHHChKi

PBXBCTOBiif KHaX

KapTHHa

)J,OMiBoK

Ee3npaBue IIIJmXIa

ceJIHHChKoro

CBOIMH

XaTH,

CJiyrH

cTaHOBHille

,3HHilleHHH aKTaX

raJIHllhKHX

3HaXO)J,HMO

qacTO

rrepeJIHKY

pa30M

ceJio

1583

BH-

IIIJIHXTHq )J,e

BTiKaJIH

BoJii iHIIIHX

.lKiHKaMH.

rri)J,TBep)J,.lKY€ThCH

ceJIHH

PyiJ,HHKH,

BariTHHMH

MaHHOM

ce-

qiTKO

IIi)J,)J,aHoro", 3

HapiBHi 3

3aMoBqyBaJIH )J,BOpHHChKi

KHUraX

HKi

ceJIHH

IIpO)J,aBaJia CBOIX KpirraKiB

BBa.lKaJIH

3aMyqHJIH

IIi)J,)J,aHHX

JIIO)J,eif".

)J,OCHTh

IIi)J,)J,aHH-

Ha3HBaJIH

HarraB

rroBepTaJIHCH.

,raHe6HO

B OHH

CKapr

6e3rrpaB 'H.

CeJIHH,

Ha)J,

y6orHX

IIpHHH3JIHBO

CBiTJii

cJiyraMH

6HB ue

rJiyMHJIHCH

,rri)J,JIHMH".

CHJIOIO.

yB'H3HIOBaJIH

\n t.te CJ3Il¥lVI() rpoMCV\CbKIIIX

)1,0

olj>iu;iifHHX

6iJILIIIe

IIaHChKi

IIIJIHXTHqi

MeTO)J,aMH

,xpo6aKaMn",

,UporoiloBChKHH

po36HBaB

)J,OBO)J,HJIH B

po6oqo10

MaJihOBY€ThCH

€.lKH

KaTiBChKHMH

MarHaTH

6e3rrpaBHOIO

u.p

)J,iHJihHiCTIO

lUJIHXTa JIHH

peqi

rropyiiiy-

CeJIHH 36i.lK.lKH,

TUM,

xy )1,06010.

rroJihChKi )J,OCJii)J,HHKH.

KOHTpaKTH

IIIJIHXTH,

HKHX

246

BoJtoiJuMup

i)J,e

MOB a

.Hrr

Typ6oilchKHH

rrpo

qepKaChKHM )J,HXOIO -

rrpo)J,alK KpirraKiB.

CKJiaB

TaprroBHIIIO

MaHHOM

IIpO)J,aBellh

,Ti

6arre10

CTaBaMH,

BCiMa,

BCiJIHKHMH,

rriqoro

3ra)J,aHi

piKaMH,

TiJihKH

3JIOTHX ceJIHHH rrriT.

BaJIH

rrpaBOCJiaB'H,

HapO)J,Hi

HeHi

CKapraMH

BCiMa

yciM

3a3Haqerro,

COJieBapHeiO,

JiiCaMH, B

ciHOlKa-

3araJihHOMY

IIOlKHTKaMH

rrpaBOM

Ma€TKH

IIpHHaJielKHOCTHMH,

JiiCHHMH;

IIO)J,aTKaMH,

6yTH

BOeBo-

CBOI

KOHTpaKTi

xopyHlKHH

BeJieCHH£110

KopqMaMH

MOlKYTh THM

OCTaHHiM

TaK

)J,OXO)J,aMH,

)J,OlKHBOTHHM

IIpO)J,a€

IIOJihChKHX".

rreperrocnJIH,

rraJILHo-peJiiriilrrnil

<l>eo)J,aJin,

3BHqal.

MiUJ:aH

CTapOCTHHChKHH

KpiM

Toro,

3rryrn:a10qnch

o6pH)J,H

yKpaiHChKHX

MOBpH)J,yBaHHH,

3JIOTHX.

Ka3aHOBChKHM,

IloTOllhKOIO,

IliJILHY

IIiJihHHMH,

3aJIHIIIaiOqH,

IIpnKaprraTChKi

IIpO)J,aB

IX IIOBHHHOCTHMH,

HKi

THC.

HKHM

164 5

AiJ,aMoM

Mapiarrrro10

THC.

BHUJ:e

MJIHHaMH,

TaK,

rrarroM

TaprroBHIIIO

)J,06pa

IIi)J,)J,aHHMH

co6i

IIpO)J,aB

rrarrrro10

3ri)J,HO

IIOlKHTKaMH,

THMH,

Jlicrry,

IIi)J,)J,aHHMH

)J,OXO)J,aMH,

KOHTpaKT

cTapocToiO,

npau;JiaBChKOIO,

ceJia

UJ:O

KyrriBJIIO

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

ypH)J,

BalKKHH

rra)J, HHMH,

rpo)J,ChKi

KHHrH

IIaHiB-KaTOJIHKiB,

rrau;io-

rrepecJii)J,yrrepeiiOB-

MiChKe

ca-

IIIJIHXTy.

MICTA f AJillQbKOI 3EMJII XYI-XYII TyT

cToJiiTTHX 3axi)J,Ha YKpalrra 6yJia rycTo 3aceJierra.

6yJio

6araTo

IIepeMHIIIJih, KoJIOMHH, MH

CrrHTHH

TOpriBJii

CTBa.

)J,apCTBa,

rrpau;i

UJ:O

u;errTpiB

eKorroMiqrroro,

)J,aHHMH cToJiiTTH

ChKiil

3eMJii

3 3,

2602

cnJI

MicT,

ceJia

51). 137

Cnrrou;LKiil

ep e3

MicT

rrnx

Tepe6oBJIH, rpaiJ,H)

raJIHllhKOMY

(JlLBiB,

ropO)J,OK,

6yJIH

KpaiO,

rrpou;ec

Bi)J,

CTapHX

u;errTpa-

IIOHBi

PycLKOMY

13,

CTOJiiTTH MicTeqoK.

HOBHX

rOCIIOMiCT

Kirru;i

(y JlLBiB-

I I epeMHIIIJihChKiil TOMY

MHTTH.

MicTeqoK

B B

cycrriJihHOrO

BO€BO)J,CTBi

MicT i

KHH3iB-

OlKHBJieHHH

CeJIHHChKOrO

KY JILTyprroro

125

ceJio

raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOrO

peMeCJia

rroJiiTnqrroro

CHHOK,

IIOrJIH6JIIOBaJIH

3Miu;HeHHi

2491

)J,eHKi

JiiTorrncrri

rrepio)J,

.H6JiyrroBChKoro,

icrryBaJio

raJIHllhKiH

icrryBaJio

Bi)J,HOCHH

MicTeqoK,

raJinq,

Bi)J,OKpeMJieHHH

BHHBHJIOCH

XVII

KOJIHIIIHi

rrpo)J,yKTHBHHX

TOBapHo-rpOIIIOBHX p03IIO)J,iJiy

.HpocJiaB, irriiii

IIpOMHCJIY rn:e

Po3BHTOK

MicT

rrepio)J,

BO€BO)J,CTBi 3

1550

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

MoHemu

1648

pOKH

IlpuKapnammR.

Pelfi

JIHIIIe

IlocnoJIUmof

KiH1{5l

raJIHllhKiH

XVI

3eMJii

247

ToM

nolfamKy

BHpOCJIO

XVII

MiCT.

em.

To6To

TpeTiii qBepTi XVI cToJiiTTH qncJio II MichKHX rroceJieHh 36iJihiiiHJIOcn Ha 19, a6o Ha 31 Bi)J,COTOK. CKiJihKH

JIIO)J,eil

rrpoMHBaJio

B Toil

qac

3axi)J,noyKpaiHChKHX

MiCTax? Y Haii6iJihiiiOMY MiCTi JlbBOBi B 1630-1631 poKaX IIpOMHBaJIO

15-18 THcnq qoJIOBiK. y 1,5, B LKoBKBi qoJIOBiK.

Epo)J,aX 6y JIO 5' B ropO)J,KY -

1,5,

B raJinqi i

KoJIOMHI -

3, B RBopoBi no

2-3 THcnqi

79 MiCTaX raJIHllhKOI 3eMJii BChOrO HaJiiqyBaJIOCh

12 5 00

MHTeJiiB. Y MeHIIIHX MiCTeqKaX HaJiiqyBaJIOCH Bi)J, 50 0 )1,0 9 00 qoJIOBiK. MicTa B 3axi)J,HiH YKpaiHi, JiiBChKHMH

(JlhBiB,

raJinq,

HK i ceJia, B OCHOBHOMY 6yJIH KOpO-

Tepe6oBJIH,

,Uporo6nq,

CaM6ip,

IIepe-

MHIIIJih, CnnoK, PoraTHH, CTpnii, LKn11,aqiB, CnnTHH, KoJIOMHH i in.). 3HaqHa qacTHHa MiCT i MiCTeqoK 6yJIH TaKOM IIpHBaTHOIO BJiaCHiCTIO MarHaTiB u;eHTpaMH, Y

IIIJIHXTH.

niJihiiii

MiCTa

6y JIH

peMicnnqo -ToproBeJihHHMH

B HHX IIYJihCyBaJIO peMicnnqe MHTTH.

3axi)J,Hiil YKpaini B )J,eHKHX MicTax icnyBaJio pycLKe

rroJihChKe

rrpana, aJie qepe3 6paK )J,MepeJI 6iJILIIIe rrpo IX IOpHC)J,HKlliiO neMoMmmo

)J,i3HaTncn.

IIepeBaMna

6iJILIIIiCTh

rroci)J,aJia

Mar)J,e6yp3hKe

248

BoJtoiJuMup

rrpaBo, CBO€

To6To

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

MaJia

CaMOBpH~yBaHHH,

~eHKi rri~JIHraJiu ropuc~HKIJ,il CTapOCTiB, iHIIIi

yrrpaBJIHJIUCH

BJiaCHU-

KaMU. MicTa

rra Mar-

~e6yp3hKOMY rrpaBi BHXO~UJIU

HOCTi rrpaBO JIHTH

3-IIi~

3aJielK-

CTapOCT, BiJihHO

MaJIU yrrpaB-

MiChKHM

JieHHHM,

Hace~OXO~U

BCi

BUTpaqaJIU po3cy~.

Ha Ha

CBiH MaJih

IIOJihChKa IIIJIHXTa IIpU rri~TpUMIJ,i

ChKoro

KOpOJiiB-

ypn~y

rropyrnyKcepoKoniR

BaJia IIpUHII,HIIH yrrpaB-

,XpoHiKa

JiiHHH MiCT Ha Mar~e6yp3hKOMY

306pa:JICeHH5l

rrpaBi.

KHUcU

OJteKcaHiJpa

PycbKof"

(1611),

JlbBiBCbKOcO

3eMJti

npanopie

HaceJieHHH MiCT ra-

JIUII,hKOI 3eMJii Ha OCHOBi Mar~e6yp3hKOrO

reacHiHi iJe

noiJaHo

Fa!lUU,bKOco

cep6ie

rrpaBa o6upaJIO MaricTpaT,

~0 HKOrO BXO~UJIU 6yproMiCTp i pa~HHKH (paiiiJ,i).

MaricTpaTChKa pa~a

3aiiMaJiach rocrro~apchKHMH i a~MirricTpaTHBHHMH crrpaBaMu MicTa. BiiiT

i3 TaK cy~oBi ~0

3BaHUMU lj>yHKIJ,il.

12-TH

JiaBHUKaMU B

cy~oBy

TBOpUB

JiaBy,

3~iHCHIOBaJia

HKa

CKJia~ MaricTpaTChKOrO yrrpaBJiiHHH BXO~UJIO Bi~ 4-X

qoJIOBiK,

Bi~

3aJielKHO

p03Mipy

MiCTa.

<J>opMaJihHO

TaKe

yrrpaBJiiHHH MaJIO o6upaTUCH BCiMa ropoMaHaMU. IJpoTe B MiCTaX TOrO qacy rra TopriBJii i puiJ,iaTy,

rrpoMucJiax 36araqyBaJiacn rpyrra BIIJIHBOBoro rraT-

rrepeBaMrro irro3eMrroro Ta puMo-KaTOJIHIJ,hKoro.

quMaJie

6araTCTBO

ypH~ax,

BOHU

MiCTpChKi

qacTO

Maroqu

rri~KOpHJIU

BiiiTiBChKi

orropy co6i

MiciJ,eBoMy

MiChKe

Iloci~aroqu

IJ,eHTpaJihHOMY

CaMoyrrpaBJiiHHH,

6ypro-

YPH~U.

OcKiJihKH B MicTax IlpuKaprraTTH rrepeBaMaJio yKpalrrcLKe rraceJieHHH, TO iH03eMHOMY IIaTpHIJ,iaTy ~OBO~UJIOCH ~0 IIeBHOrO qacy MUpUTUCH 3 TUM, mO B MiChKi CaMoyrrpaBJiiHHH BXO~UJIU U rrpe~CTaBHHKH MiCIJ,eBOrO rraceJieHHH. TaK 6yJio B

XV -

rra rroqaTKY

XVI cToJiiTh. AJie B

lfllocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

cepe)J,uHi XVI

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

249

cToJiiTTR KaTOJIUIJ,LKUU rraTpuiJ,iaT MicT rrpu rri!J,TpUMIJ,i

KopoJiiBCLKUX cTapocTiB rroqas rropyrnysaTu rrpasa yKpaiHCLKoro HaceJieHHR, BUTiCHRTU IX rrpe)J,cTaBHUKiB 3 caMoyrrpaBJiiHHR.

1510 po11,i

KopoJIL Curi3MYH!J, I 3a6opoHUB yKpaiHIJ,RM BXO)J,UTU )J,O caMoyrrpaBJiiHHR MicTa Ey3LKa, Ky)J,u MaJiu BXO)J,UTU Jiurne KaTOJIUIJ,LKi rraTpuiJ,ii.

iHIIIUX MiCTaX JIUIIIe )J,eKiJILKa yKpaiHIJ,iB i3 3aMO.lKHOI BepxiBKU 6paJIU yqacTL y MiCLKUX yrrpaBJiiHHRX.

,Uporo6uqi, HarrpuKJia)J,,

cepe)],

qoJIOBiK MiCLKOrO CaMoyrrpaBJiiHHR 6yB TiJILKU O)J,UH yKpaiHeiJ,h.

HK IIi)J,KpeCJIIOBaB I. Kpurr'RKeBuq, yKpaiHCLKi MimaHU BUCTyiiaJIU IIi)], Ha3BOIO ,pyTeHu", ,JIIO)J,U pycLKoro o6pR!J,y", ,pycLKUU Hapo)J,", ,pycLKa MOBa", ,pyCLKa HaiJ,iR". roJIOBHUM y BU3HaqeHHi yKpaiHChKOrO HaCeJieHHR 6yJia rrpasocJiaBHa peJiiriR, a TOMY B rrucLMOBUX )J,OKyMeHTax XV-

XVII cToJiiTL MO.lKHa 3YCTpiTu supa3u ,Bipa pycLKa", ,Hapo)J, pycLKuu", ,IJ,epKBa pycLKa".

IIIJIRXTa, KaTOJIUIJ,LKi ypR!J,OBIJ,i qacTo 3ra)J,yiOTL rrpo

yKpaiHCLKi rpoMa)J,u. B

aKTax 1596 poKy lj>irypyiOTL ,MimaHu ,Uporo-

6uiJ,LKOI Pyci", To6To !1,poro6uiJ,LKe yKpaiHCLKe HaceJieHHR. BUKOpUCTOByiOqu CBOIO BJia)J,y, rrepecJii)J,yBaHHR

yKpaiHIJ,iB,

KaTOJIUII,hKUU IIaTpUIJ,iaT po3rroqaB

rrepeBa.lKHO

He3aMO.lKHUX

iforo

BepCTB.

BOHU 6yJIU BUTiCHeHi 3 IJ,eHTpaJILHUX qacTUH MiCTa B OKpeMi KBapTaJIU,

a6o

Ha rrepe)J,MiCTR, )J,e

HUX HaKJia)J,aJIU Ba.lKKi

IIOBUHHOCTi,

3B'R3aHi 3 IIO)J,aTKaMU, lj>opTUij>iKaiJ,iUHUMU po6oTaMU, quHIIIaMU, Bi)J,KpUTO rrepecJii!J,yBaJiucR IX 3Buqai i

peJiiriuHi o6pR!1,U.

YKpaiHIJ,i He MUpUJIUCR 3 COIJ,iaJILHUM i HaiJ,iOHaJILHUM rHiTOM iH03eMHUX rraTpuiJ,ilB. EopoTL6a B MicTax Ha6ysaJia pi3Hux lj>opM, cepe)], RKUX Hau6iJILIII

rrornupeHuMu

6yJiu

cKapru MimaH i

rrepe!J,MimaH )J,O

KOpOJiiBChKOrO ypR!J,y Ha IIOCUJieHHR COIJ,iaJILHO-eKOHOMiqHoro i HaiJ,iOHaJILHO-peJiiriUHOrO YTUCKy, Ha rropyrneHHR IX CTapOBUHHUX IIpUBiqeiB

rrpaB.

CKapr, RKi

IJpo

IJ,e

)J,OBi)J,y€MOCR

IIOTpaiiUJIU B rpO)J,ChKi

6araTLOX

TaKUX

IIUChMOBUX

aKTOBi KHUrU.

,UJIR iJIIOCTpaiJ,il HaBe)J,eMO O)J,ny i3 HHX. Y

16 0 4 pou,i yKpaiHCLKe

rrpasocJiaBHe HaceJieHHR MicTeqoK ,Uosroro, ,Uoporosa, BouHuJioBa i TbManllBeiJ,h CKJiaJIO CKapry Ha MapiiiaJIKOBY IJOTOII,LKY, RKa ,y6UBCTBOM, yB'R3HeHHRM i CMep)J,IOqoiO B'R3HUIJ,el0 YTUCKyiOqu, )1,0 IIOCJIYq\

CBO€I

IJ,epKBU pUMChKOI IIpUMyiiiyBaJia",

HaMaraJiaCR ,rBaJITOBHO,

pi3HHMU" MOpCTOKHMH 3aco6aMU Bi)J,ipBaTU HaCeJieHHSI ,Bi)J, CTapo)J,aB-

Hi, oi pycbKoi u:epKBu". 3ue,IJ,oJieui i nepecJii,IJ,ysaui yKpaiuuj cKapi H Mill

i .

. ."iM U >rr 11 •' 11. K a MaHi ,30BCiM He IIaM'RTaiOqu Ha rrpaBa i

250

BoJtoiJuMup

CB060)J,H", Bipn,

Ha)J,aHi IM y

HaCHJihHO

MOp)J,yiOqH

HYBCH

XVI

yTncKiB THHa

cToJiiTTi,

1648-1655

6araTo

BeJihMOM.

KiJihKa

BeJIHKOIO

rpeu;hKOI

3HYillaiOqnch

3i6paHH5l

HKOMY

IIIO

11,pyrol

TiJihKH

raJIHllhKi

BHcTy-

HaBKOJIHIIIHi

MilllaHChKO-CeJIHHChKHH

oco6JIHBO

yKpaiHChKi,

rroJIOBHHH

rrepio)J,

MilllaHH

pyx

Ha rHiT

CeJIHp03BH-

iloro.

TBep-

HapO)J,HO-BH3BOJih-

BKJIIOqHJIHCH

aHTHij>e-

IIOMHJIKOBHM.

iHIIIHX

rrpHKJia)J,iB,

Y 1635

pou;i,

poTMicTpa

poKiB

KpHB)J,OIO

rreperrJiiTaJIHCH

rrepeBaMHO

lj>eo)J,aJihHO-KpiiiOCHHllhKHH

OIIOpOM,

pOJih.

poKiB

€

TicHo

IIOCHJIHTH

)J,OCJii)J,HHKiB,

cKapMHJIOCH

)J,aTaMH

,He)J,OTOpKaHiCTh

rro-TnpaHChKH

rrepe)J,MilllaHn,

MarHaTiB

6opOTh6y,

aeMo

IIpnKaprraTTi

IIOMiTHy

)J,eHKHX

HOI BiHHH O)J,aJihHY

aHTHij>eo)J,aJihHHM

Bi)J,irpaBaJIH

)J,MeHHH

HeXTyroqn

rroKaToJinqnTn,

MimaHH

IIIJIHXTH

Bi)J,IIOBi)J,aJIH HH

pyxn

MilllaH.

Cllp06H

MHHYJIOMY, lx

rrpaBOCJiaBHHX".

CeJIHHChKi rraMH

xoqe

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

TOMY

p030p10BaB

UJ!l5lxmu

Hapo)J,

HarrpHKJia)J,, RHyiiia

HaCHJihHO

,Bee

3eMJti

MupocJtaB

rrpoTecTyBaB

rrpoTH

rrocrriJihCTBo"

Pora-

BeHrpnHa, B)J,epCH

y6orHX JIIO)J,eif",

Fa!lUU,bKOf

XyiJoJK:HUK

KOJIH

HKHH MiCTO

3a6npaB

cei1MuKy

rama!lCUJilf

i3 200

CIIOlKHBY,

FaJtulfi.

coJI-

)J,Hi

peqi,

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IIpHMyiiiyBaB

peMiCHHKiB

MH,

II06HTTHM".

Bi)J,

MiChKOrO

IIOBe)J,iHKy" BHMOrH,

164 2

MiiD:aHaM.

)J,yBaB

ChKOro, HHX, Y.lKe ,qnrrnB

,KH.HMH HHTh",

HKHH a

caMi

3aXOIIHB

MiChKi

rracTyXiB

BHCJIOBH

rrorpo3n",

6'€",

CHJiyBaB ypH)J,

MiChKHH

,JiaHH

,3a 6op0,11,H

,rBaJITyBaB"

raJIHllhKHX MiiD:aH,

rrpo

)1,0

rpyHTH,

iHIIIi

MicTa,

KpHB)J,H"

IIOBe)J,iHKY

ra-

rrepecJii-

IIOBHHHOCTeH.

KapaB

.H.

CTolrr-

MiiD:aH,

CTpiJIHB

IIIJIHXTnqa

lj>i3nqrro TOIIHTH. -

,rrecTeprrrri

,rrepecJii)J,ye

rrpo

KpHB)J,H",

yTHCKae

Mirn:arr",

,no nepe,l],MiCTIO

,KpHBaBHB",

CBi)J,qaTh

6e3rrpaB'H

rrpaBa

MicLKi rpyHTH,

rra

aKTax-cKaprax

T.SJTa€",

MicTo.

rrpoTecTyBaJIH

cy)J,oBi

He3aKOHHHX

HKi

II06HJIH

,HeCTeprrHi

6e3rrpaBHY

cKap.lKHBCH

IIIJIHXTHqiB,

TaKo.lK

qnHHB

HaMaraBCH

THX

rropyiiiyBaB Ta

3axorrnB

Bi)J,HiMaJin",

Haxa6HOI

JIIO)J,HM".

crraJIHTH

Mirn:arrn

CKap.lKHJIHCH

TOpriBJii,

TaKOI

y6orHM

rrorpo.lKyBaJIH

HKHH

,cKpOMHY

BapTy",

BHMaraB

HOrO

,p03IIOpOIIIHJIH

TOpriBJii

Koiiiiyiiia,

Bi)J,

KpHB)J,H

rrorpo3a-

pOTMiCTp

IIi)J,TBep)J,HJia

CKap.lKHJIHCH

raJIHllhKi

pa30M

MiChKHX

rn:e

,o6yxaMH",

Bi)J,MOBHBCH

TaKO.lK

,BeJIHKi

PypcLKoro,

<1>.

y.lKe

ypH)J,

HpMapKy,

JIIO)J,eil

IHIIIHM

pou;i

qac

IIO)J,aTKH

BiiiTa

MiiD: aH

1613

KOJIH

po60TH

6e33aKOHHH,

HKa

qnHHJIH

cToJiiTTH

BiiiTa

CJii)J,H

251

ToM

6e3IIJiaTHOI

KaJiyiiia

IIi)],

XVI

BeJIHKi

JIHllhKOrO

)J,aJii

6araTLox

)J,iil

36HpaB

MiCTO

)1,0

CXOBaTH

aTeCTaUjiO,

MiCTi.

MiiD:aHH

Kirruj

rrpoTH

ypH)J,y

rropaHHJIH

III, 06

IIIJIHXTHqi

pouj

HaiiaJIH

IlpuKapnammR.

OC06JIHBO

CTapOCTHHChKHX

Ba.lKKHH

rorHiT

ypH)J,OBlliB Ha)J, HHMH.

IIPOTECTH CEJUIH. BliKYII 3 KPIIIAQTBA oKoB, 3a XVI-XVII rra)J,KH, MH

i w\

KOJIH

IIOcnHHI

11 "iVi,

HaMaraJIHCH

iHCTaHu;iHMH

3axorrJieHHH

)J,OKa30BHM HaBiTh

cToJiiTTHX

CeJIHHH

cy)J,OBHMH Ta

cBol

lxrrix

apryMeHTOM KHH.lKHX

qaciB,

rrarra)J,H

TaTap

)J,OKyMeHTiB.

aKTax

HHX

TaKO.lK

JIYK,

JiiciB

MOr JIH

rrpHBO)J,HJIH )J,O

)J,aBHi

CTapO.lKHJiiB.

3arn6eJii

rre

JIHIIIe

B BH-

ypH)J,OBIIH-

lj>eo)J,aJiiB

rracoBHID:.

CJIY.lKHTH

CBi)J,qeHHH

rrepe)J,

HaCTYIIY i

crro-

crroco6aMH.

3YCTpiqaiOThCH

olj>iu;iHHO )J,OBeCTH

HecrrpaBe)J,JIHBiCTh

)J,JIH

IIpnKaprraTTH

JieraJihHHMH

raJIHllhKHX

3eMeJih,

ceJIHHH

rrpaBa

an6iJihiii

IIpHBiJiei, Ta

BiHHH,

THX

rrpnBi-

252

BoJtoiJuMup

raJIHllhKHX

rpO)J,ChKHX

KHHrax

HaBO)J,HThCH

)J,MYIOTh 3arn6eJih nHChMOBHX )J,OKyMeHTiB i naMaraJincn 3a )J,onoMorow 3eMJIIO.

1628

pou;i

KH i

TypKa.

ciJI

nepe)J,

3eMeJIL,

BHna)J,KH

3YCTpiqaJIHCH

MiCTaX i

MiCTeqKaX

raJIHllhKHM

ni)J,TBepi

CeJIHHH

cy)J,OM

BHHHK

cnip

MiM

BJiacnnKaMH cyci)J,nix ciJI II' H)J,H-

naJieMaJIH

raJinqi,

III06

KoJioMnl.

Tepe6oBJii

cnoco6aMH

3arap6aTH

TaKi iHIIIHX

HKHai16iJihiiie

IIIO MOrJIO )J,aBaTH npn6yTKH,

peaJii3oByBaTH

cTaJIOCh

Miiu;anaM

KaJiyiiii,

3eMJii.

BCHKHMH

BChOrO TOro,

MiCT,

TaK

HKi

raJIHllhKOI

illJIHXTa HaMaraJiaCH 3eMeJih, JiiciB i

pH.

HKi

HK Miiu;aHH

Ilpnqnnow npou;ecy cTaJio ,panToBe 3axonJiennn" BJiac-

u;nx

no6JIH3Y

c)>aKTH,

Te,

lx i cTapoMHJiiB Bi)J,CTOHTH cBoi npaBa na

Miiu;anaMH KoJIOMHI Ta IIIJIHXTOIO -

HHKaMH

Fpa 6oeeu, bJW i1

KoJioMnl.

TaM

OC06JIHBO

ciJihChKOrocno)J,apChKi

BJiaCHHKH

cyci)J,nix

ciJI

TOBa-

3axonHJIH

qacTHHY MichKHX 3eMeJih. MiiiiaHH 3anpoTecTyBaJIH i nocTaBHJIH cnpaBy nepe)J, cy)J,OM. MiM

rpaHHlli JIH".

MiChKHMH

OCHOBi

nHChMOBHX

IIIJIHXeTChKHMH

npHBiJieiB

nOJIHMH,

BKa3aJIH

3aHBHJIH

6yJIH B rpO)J,ChKHX KOJIOMHHChKHX KHHrax,

BHCTaBHJIH

BOHH

CTapi

KOMicii,

MeMi

,IIIO

HKi TaTapH

cnaJIH-

CBi)J,KiB-CTapOMHJiiB.

KoJIOMHHChKi MiiiiaHH Bi)J,CTOIOBaJIH cBoi 3eMJii 3a )J,onoMorow )J,aBnix

npHBiJieiB

noJiiB, B

nepraMeHTi,

CBi)J,qeHh

CTapOMHJiiB

CTapHX )J,Opir,

JiiciB TOIIIO.

1634 pou;i IIIJIHXTHqi MaJioro rBh)J,IIH i 3arailnOJIH ,noopaJIH

Bi)J,HHJIH

BeJIHKY

naJieMaJIH no)J,aJIH

qacTHHY

ceJIHHaM

cnpaBy B

renepaJihHHM Ta BHHHi.

rpynTy

,UeJIHTHHa

cy)J,.

B03HHM,

niJIL,

TypKH.

Ha Micu;e Ha

0)J,HaK OCTaHHi

Micu;e He

no)J,iH no)J,iH

3Banoro

Ko6HJihlle",

IloTepniJii

BHIXaJIH ypH)J,OBlli MaJIH

HKi

3anpoTecTyBaJIH,

npn6yTH

Ha qoJii

CKpHB)J,MeHi

3'HBHJIHCH.

Bo3HHH nicJIH o6cTeMeHHH nncaB npo u;e TaK: ,TaM Me Ha TOMY noJii 3anHTyBaB KiJihKaHa)J,IIHTh CTapu;iB, JIIO)J,eH )J,aBHHX CTapHX 3 ciJI ,I:(eJIHTHHa i 6yJIO

Jlanqnna, noJie

TypKH i HK

HOrO

Il'H)J,HK, nHTaiOqH KOMHOrO Ha3HBaiOTh.

CTapu;i

ni)J,

3 HHX,

npHCHrOIO

qn€ 6n TO O)J,HOCTaHHO

3i3HaJIH, IIIO u;e noJie 3)J,aBna TaK Ha3HBaJIH Ko6HJihlle, na HKOMY B cBoiil MOJIO)J,OCTi B nJiyrax noraHHJIH,

opaJIH, TpaBy KOCHJIH i

3aBM)J,H 3aMHBaJIH". ,I:(aJii B03HHH BH3HaBaB, IIIO Ti

rpyHTH

pycLKH

noKa3aJia

(nncani)

MeHi

TaKOM

npHBiJiei,

T06TO

Konil 3 pycLKoro na noJihChKe

CBiMi npHBiJiei no JiaTHHi nHCaHi

cnoKiHHO

TOrO

,nOBO)J,OBa CTOpOHa Ha

Ha nepraMeHTi. ..

nepraMeHTi

nepenncani Ta i1,pyri 6aqHB

qnraB ... ".

lfllocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

Ha )KaJII,, Jiei

rn;o6

CeJHIHH

36iJILIIIeHHR

illJIRXTa

ciJI

RKi

crrpaBa

OIIHHHJiaCR

ypR)J,OBa cBi)J,KiB Hnqa, Ka.

,Ti

CTapi

3eMJii

ce6e

qacH

iJIIOCTpauji

Toil

TnpqaH,

MnxaiiJia

,qn"j

Till

rpyHT

BHK-

MOrJIH

HaBe)J,eMO

Jia3H

Tpy)J,OM

TOMy,

ID:O

Bi)J,HRJIH y

y6HBaJia,

BOJIH,

Haiiioro

Haiiii

)J,e-

MOHacTnpqaHCLKHX HaBiTL

ceJIRH

17 31

pou:i

orrip

IIpOTRrOM

6araTLOX

BIIepTOI

<!JaKTiB

Ha6npaJia i

BHCTYIIH

CaMe

I Io)J,i6He

T~,

ceJia aJie

KO 10

)J,OBCCTII

3aB)K)J,H

)1,6aJIH

TaK

Mope-

KoBaJILqyHa

JlRXMaHHq

RKOMY

Bi)J,IIOBiB:

BJiacHicTIO CIIOKiHHO,

rrpo

KocTR

rpyHT,

MoHaca

n:e.

HaC

Ha rpyHTi

BCe

TaKO)K

CiKJia,

3aHeXaRJIOCh

IIOBCTaHL

IIOBiTaX

Bi)J,6yBaJiocn

3'RBHJiacn CTOJiiTh

6opOTL6H

JIHIIIe

)1,0

iHIIIHX

)Ke

ropH 3

IlpOTH

0HHIIIKOBHqa,

MaB 6iJILIIIe

raJIHU:LKiH

p03BHTKY,

IIpiiCYTHOCTi

xoq B)Ke

120 poKiB,

CeJIRHCLKi

CIIpRMyBaHHRM,

164 7

KOMicil

pon:i BJiaC-

CeJIRHH

CHRTHH-

KyT

CBi)J,Ka-CTapO)KHJia, aKTaX,

,cTaporo

O)J,HaK RKHH

,He JIHIIIe rpyH-

OCHOBi

rn;o6

CeJIRHH-

qoJIOBiKa,

6yB rrpH )J,06piH

CKOpO CIIO)J,iBaBCR 3iHTH 3

KOpOJiiBChKOI

3eMJii,

MiCU:RX.

BHCTYIIHJIH

3aiiHCaHO

IlpHKaprraTTR,

BO€BO)J,CTBa,

MiCU:eBOCTRX.

rrpe)J,CTaBHJIH

lxHiH

O)J,HH

CeJIRHaMH, RKi HaJie)KaJIH )1,0

U:LOrO

cTo-

cy)J,ax. n:e

KJiaCOBHM

THX

CeJIRH

xapaKTepy.

PycLKOrO

O)J,HHX

He3aKOHHi )J,il IIaHa,

HaM LJ in i

crrpaBa KiJILKOX

XVI II

cepe)J,HHH

CyJIRTHU:LKHH HaMaraBcR 3axorrHTH

IIOTOKH, JiiC i

5lK~~

)J,O

KJiaCOBOI

Bi)J,3HaqaJIHCR

CTapOCTBa.

Ha Ill KOpy

lxHR

TpHBaB

TpHBaJioro

3eMJIRX H

TIO)J,OBa

,ll,OXJl010,

n in y

MacoBoro

iHIIIHX

TpHBaJiiCTIO

H~K

6yJIH

BHIXaJia

BHKJIHKaTH

OcTarra

TOR

JleCL

3a6npaJia

aHTH<!Jeo)J,aJILHHH

pon:i

6yJIH

qacy".

Orrip

RKa

Jia3H

RKa TYT IIORBHJiaCL

COKHpH

1616

80-piqHoro

(KOJIHCL)

3aopaJia

3arrpoTecTyBaJIH,

BHMyiiieHi

54-piqHoro

JiiCH,

3a)KHBaJIH

IIaHH

IIIJIRXTH,

KOHi

IIO)J,iH

CTapO)KHJI

TO)J,i

Bi)J,HRJia

OcTaHHi

CypoBnqa,

6yJIH

,I(y6poBi", i

Micn:e

IIorroBnqa, TO

MOHaCTHpqaHU:i

CTaJIOCh

,parrToBo

ceJIRH".

6e3 )J,OKyMeHTiB

BacHJIR

3aiiHTaHHR,

Jiicn,

LKypaKiB

cy)J,i.

83-piqHoro

CTOIMO

JiiTTR.

CeJIRHH

66-piqHoro

MOHacTnpqaHCLKHX

KOMiCiR. -

Terrep

IIHCaHi IIpHBi-

IIIJIRXTOIO

OIIpaB)J,yBaJIH

IIaM'RTaJIH ,I(JIR

TaKi

ypi3aHi

IIOBHHHOCTeH,

CTaHOBHrn;e.

CTapyHi

rpyHTH

BTpaTHJIH

<!JaKTH.

3acinHi

CBOIH

253

He3aKOHHO

CBi)J,KiB,

o6'€KTHBHe

ToM

6iJILIIIOCTi

rrpaBOTY

)J,OIIOMOrOIO

IIi)J,TBep)J,HTH RKi

)J,OBeCTH

Ta OIIpOTeCTyBaTH JIIOqHo

IlpuKapnammR.

TOrO

CIIOra)J,iB

CBiTy". CKJiaB

254

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

cBi)J,OIITBO rrpo Te, HK BHHHKJia oceJIH Tro)J,iB. Po3rroBi)J,aB, rn:o ,)J,o6pe 3aTHMHB",

KOJIH rn:e

CJIYMHB

JIOBellhKOrO 3a raii)J,yKa,

CHHTHHChKOrO CTapOCTH MHKOJIH J13-

,rra)J, THM Micu;eM,

rra3BaHHM

Terrep nan CyJIHTHllhKHH co6i rrpHBJiacrrroe, HHH

ropi,

xpncTHHHChKY

HKOMY

Bipy.

HKHH HaJieMaB )1,0

3aMeiiiKyBaJia

HnMqe

Toro

Tro)J,OBHM,

6yB MorracTnp,

HKaCh

U:apHKOBa,

MorracTnpn

rra

CHHTHHChKOrO CTapOCTBa,

HKe

36y)J,oBa-

IIpHHHHBIIIH

KyTchKOMY rpyrrTi,

Ha)J, 6eperOM piKH

qe-

peMOIII, 6yJia ,Bnrracerra" JiyKa, 3Barra MorracTnpnchKOIO, HKY 3aMHBaJIH MHTeJii

KyT".

IIorreBoJierri <J>eo)J,aJILHoro

TaKnx rrpHKJia)J,iB

rrpnKaprraTChKi rrriTy

qnMaJio.

ceJIHHH

rrepiiiy

rraMaraJIHCH

qepry

TpnMaJio IX B oKoBax IIIJIHXeTChKoro MaeTKy. orropy 6yJia RBnrn:e TaKi

u;e

crrpo6a 3BiJihHHTHCH rra6yJio

lj>aKTH

rroiiinpeHHH

3YCTpiqaJIHCH

BMe

Bi)J,

Kpirrau;TBa,

rn:o

IIacnBHOIO <J>opMoiO IX

Kpirrau;TBa

JIHIIIe

3BiJihHHTHCh

rro36yTHCh

o<J>iu;iiiHHM

Kirru;i

rrepiiiiH

XVIII

crroco6oM.

cToJiiTTH,

IIOJIOBHHi

aJie

IIOIIepe)J,HhOrO

CTOJiiTTH. Y

raJIHllhKHX

rpO)J,ChKHX

KHHrax

BHHBJieHO

)J,Ba

lj>aKTH

BHKYIIY

)J,eHKHX 3aMOMHHX ceJIHH. YKpaiHChKa IIIJIHXTHHKa Mapyxrra RBopcLKa

23 ciqHH

16 4 3 poKy B IIpHCYTHOCTi CBi)J,KiB 3BiJihHHJia 3 Kpirrau;TBa

HKOrOCh

BacnJIH

u;iKaBHH,

UJ:O

IIIiCTCOT

copoK

JIBOpChKOI Maroqn

MapKoBoro.

IIO)J,a€MO

iforo

TpeTiM,

CTaJiaCh

crriJILHoro

rreBHa

u;Loro

)J,OKyMeHTa

IIOBHiCTIO:

)J,HH

yro)J,a,

rri)J,)J,arroro

CBOIM 6paToM rrarroM

3MicT

rrepeKJia)J,

rra

ciqrrn,

T06To iM'H

MaKCHMOM

)J,OMi

TOH

BacnJIH,

rracTiJihKH

pou;i

rrarri

crroci6,

UJ:O

MapKoBoro

KpexoBellhKHM.

To)J,i

THCHqa

Mapyxrrn BOHH,

cnrra,

crriJihHO

rro-

pa)J,HBIIIHCh MiM co6o10, TOMY-TO BHUJ:e 3ra)J,aHOMY BacHJieBi, CBO€MY IIi)J,)J,aHOMY, i

CBiT, MHTTH BiJihHe

BiJihHHM iforo Ha 6araTO

6yB

rri)J,)J,aHHM,

MHTTH )J,iHJIOCh

aJie

iloMy BiJihHO

O)J,pyMeHHH rrpn

Ha TOMY CBiTi BiJihHOMY )1,03BOJIH€MO

(poKiB)

IIi)],

IIIJIHXeTHHX

6y)J,h-HKHM

JIIO)J,HX,

rrpn

rrarry IBarry CBapnqeBChKOMy,

rrpn

rrarry

BellhKOMY,

ArriJ,piro HKi

TYT

6y Jill

IIpH

IIeBHOCTi Ha TOMY JIHCTi pyKaMH

IQo6 yMe

3axoqe, iHIIIHM

rrpn Till

TaM

rrarry

OCiCTH.

cyci)J,ax,

CeMerri

yro)J,i.

6iJihiiie He

co6i IIIyKaTH

IIaHOM

MHJIOCTHBHX

rrpn rrarry

CTpyTHHChKOMY

caMi

po6HMO ...

6y)J,e )J,e

crroqaTKY

CTpyTHHChKOMy,

BaBMHHIIIO ,I(JIH

U:e

JiiiiiiiOI

KpexoBipH

CBOIMH IIi)J,IIHCaJIHCH ... ".

qepe3 KiJihKa poKiB 3YCTpiqa€ThCH i1,pyrHH lj>aKT 3Bi.JibHeHHH CeHH HHHa 3 Kpirrau;TBa. Y

IIHChMOBOMY JIHCTi rrpo IJ,e

f0B0p5ITbC5J:

,,ll,IHJI0

lfllocmpoeaHa en

icmopi5l

IIIJIRXeTCLKOMY

poKy

Bo.lKoro

BepToro

.H,

KpexoBeU:LKOIO MOIX

My.lKeM

Kyrry10qn

)J,aiO

U:e

cBiT

)J,HR

cBo €10

M0€10

MO€,

.lKO)J,HHH

)J,iRJIOCR

)J,aeMo

B ,ll,pyroMy -

BiJILHHH

MOIM MO€MY

CBapnqeBa,

rrpo

HoMy 6y)J,e BiJILHO

noMy

MO€l

rrpo

pyKH

IIpHCYTHOCTi

IIIO. i

rrncarrrrn,

)J,06pHX

6aTLKY

)J,HRKOHi

IIaciKoiO TaprroBCLKOIO

,I(JIR

III06

JiiiiiiiOI

IIpHTHCHeHHRM JIIO)J,eH,

BipH

HaiiiOI

II pH

naRy

CBapnqeBCLKOMY

Mapie10

KpexoBeU:LKOIO,

JIHCTiB, IIO)J,il Bi)J,6yBaJIHCR BHIIa)J,Ky

3BiJILHRBCR

,)J,i)J,HqHHH IIi)J,)J,aHHH"

Ma€TKaX )J,pi6HOI IIIJIRXTH.

KpirraU:TBa

,IIi)J,)J,aHHH"

IBaH, CHHH RKOrOCh rrpo

3BiJILHerrrri

,3ra)J,aHoMy

KpirraKa

IIi)J,)J,aHOMY,

JIR€MO

RCHiiiie

BiJILHHM

ce6e,

TaKHH

BHKYIIOByBaJIH

BacHJIR

CBiT,

, •••

Birr

IIIyKaiOqH ,BiJILHHH

co6i

roBopHTLcn:

.lKHTTR,

HOrO

CKa3aHo:

To6TO,

rpe6a

MaTip'IO".

rrepiiiOMY

)J,OXi)J,

6y)J,yqn

CBiH )J,OXi)J, 3a ce6e,

Ba.lKJIHBi Micu:n TecTaMeHTY, )J,e H)J,e MOB a

eMy

qeTapie10

Mill IIOTOMOK Hi HOro, Hi 6aTLKa

HiKOJIH

rrpn

MaTip'IO

PiBHi

)J,Ba)J,U:RTh

JIHCT

MapKoBoro

u:e

ceJii

Ma Tip '10

rrpo.lKHBaHHR.

TaprroBCLKHM,

IIHCaHHR

BiJILHe

IIi)J,IIHCOM

CTpyTHHCLKOMY,

JIK BH)J,HO 3

pa30M

cnrroBi

3axoTiB.

Typ6yBaTH

IIHCaHHR

BHIIIe 3ra)J,aHOIO M0€10

IIIOCTOro,

IBarroM

IBarroBi,

HaiiiOI qacTHHH

rreqaTKH... CeMerri

My.lKeM

)J,a€MO

Birr

IIOBHHeH

MO€

COpOK

TaprroBCLKoro

TaprroBCLKa,

Ma€TKiB.

BiJILHHH

)J,e

.lKO)J,HHH 3

IBarra

3a rrpoxaHHRM )J,06pHX JIIO)J,eH, )J,aBIIIH

co6i

MeiiiKaTH,

HOrO

MOIM

255

ToM

rrarra

IIIiCTCOT

rri)J,)J,aHoMy

IIIO BiH

IIaciKa

pi)J,HHX

)1,03BOJIHJIH

)J,i)J,HqrroMy

)J,OMi

THCRqa

ciqrrn.

)J,i)J,HqKa

Te,

IlpuKapnammR.

6araTO 3a

po6HMO".

BiJILHHH

CBiT".

CBiTi B

CBiT

BiJILHe

KpirraKH

aJie,

I I pH cBo-

BiJILHOMY )1,03BOBHIIa)J,Ky

JIIO)J,eH,

)J,OKyMeHTa

3BiJILHeHHR,

BacnJieBi,

,ll,pyroMy

)J,06pHX

OTpHMyBaJIH

MapKa. ,I(y.lKe

3BiJILHeHHR ceJIRH.

Ha TOMY

rrpoxaHHRM

co6i

CBiT"

,BiJILHHH

6yJIO 3aiiJiaTHTH

BiJILHe

BacHJih,

Ille CBiH

3aMeiiiKaHHR".

)J,aBIIIH

,cBiH

BH)J,HO,

HaiieBHO, TO

)J,OXi)J,", CKiJILKH

6yJia BeJIHKa

cyMa. IlnTaHHR

110,ll,8Vl"

po3B'n3yBaJIH 3BHqaHHO

rpOIIIOBIIll

BHKYII

roCIIO.IJ:apCTBO

B'lliHiflli 0T2Ke, m

n nuii

MOrJIH MaiOqH

rre

)J,aTH

CBiT",

CeJIRHH

BiJihHe

rpoiiii,

CiJILChKOI

JIHIIIe

IIeBHHH

MaJio3eMeJILHi a6o 6araTIIIi

TiJILKH

IIIJIRXTH,

6araTi

rpOIIIOBHH

,rrpoxarrrrn

CTapiiiHHH. CeJIRHH, )J,OXi)J,,

JIK

)J,o6pnx

rrpaBHJIO,

IIOCi)J,aiOqH qoro

)J,06pe MOrJIH

6e33eMeJILHi KaTeropil raJIHU:LKoro ceJia.

6opOJIHCR

3aMeiiiKaHHR"

BH3BOJieHHR

3a )J,OIIOMOrOIO

KpiiiaU:TBa, rpOIIIOBOro

3a BH-

256

BoJtoiJuMup

Kyrry.

ni)J,Hiiiii

IIIJIHXOM. 6oM,

KaTeropii

BoHH

BTiKaiOqH

OllpHIIIKiB )J,eHKHH

a6o

qac

BnKyrr

CeJia

3)J,06yBaJIH 3-IIi)J, i3

MOrJIH

IIpOMHBaTH

)J,06HTHCH

CBiT"

oc)>io;iHHHM

HeJieraJihHHM

eKCIIJiyaTaTopiB

IIOBCTaBaJIH

Kpirrao;TBa

IlhOrO

,3iJihHHH

IIaHyBaHHH

36p0€10

MOrJIH

ceJIHH

co6i

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

CeJiaX,

JiiCH,

CIIOC0-

HHIIIHJIH

3arOHH

Ma€TKH

BiJihHO. B

3YCTpiqa€MO

iHIIIHX paHOHaX

raJIHqHHH.

CEJIA HAJJ:IIB I PAKIB qllH51Tb OIIIP JlcKpaBOIO rHiToM

JIIOCTpao;ii

CeJIHHChKHX

rpO)J,ChKHX

aKTiB

OC06JIHBOIO poJih

po3ropiJiaCH

3irpaJIH

ceJIHHH

pyrneHHH CTaJIH rropyrneHHH HOpM HHX

IIOBHHHOCTeif, rpornoBnx

cyrrpoBO)J,HJIHCH TOIIIO.

,I(o

TOrO

3eMJieBOJIO)J,iHHH

M 3a

rreprniif

PaKoBa

He3aKOHHi

KiHo;i

KiJih-

HhOrO •••

XVI

cToJiiTTH

HaCTYIIHOrO.

Ilpo-

IIpnqnHaMH

3aBo-

ypH)J,OBIIHMH BCTaHOBJieHHX peRTH,

cTapocTHHChKHX cJ>i3nqHHMH

HaMaraBCH

CeJIHHChKHX

MaJtJOHOK

Hac )J,oci

BeJIHKa

Ha)J,i€Ba.

Bi)J,po6iTHOI

ypH)J,

CTapOCTHHChKHX

CBiTJIO B

IIi)],

,UoJIHHChKoro

IIOJIOBHHi

iforo

aKTH

3aXOIIJieHHH

xoiJaKu.

u;e

rroBe)J,iHKOIO,

CTapOCTHHChKHH

CeJt5lHCbKi

36iJihiiieHHH

rrpoTnrrpaBHOIO

paxyHOK

rrnTaHHH

)J,eKpeTiB,

IIpOJIHTH

raJIHqHHH

ceJIHH

rrepio)J,y

rroqaJiacn

CTapOCTOIO

OC06JIHBO )J,aHHH.

u;e

TOrO

KOpOJiiBChKHX MOMJIHBiCTh

CeJIHH

BHcTyrrn

Ha MaJIL,

6opoTL6a ceJIHH

CHJIOIO

6opOTh6H

TpnBaJii

KOpOJiiBmHHH

CKapr,

Hiil

€

cToJiiTh.

)J,aiOTh

AHTnc)>eo)J,aJILHa

Bi)J,Hy

KJiaCOBOI

I I o crroJIHTO I

XYII-XYIII

cTapocTBa BHBqeHe. KiCTh

CTOpiHKOIO

Peqi

XVII

ypH)J,OBIIiB

po3rrpaBaMH

36iJihiiiHTH

Ha)J,iJiiB.

cin.

HaTypaJih-

CBO€

lfllocmpoeaHa U:e

icmopi5l

BHKJIHKaJio

IlpuKapnammR.

crrpaBe)J,JIHBHH

orrip

6iJILIIIHX CeJIRHChKHX peBi3opiB,

III06

3aBopyiiieHL,

BHCJiyXaTH

HHX.

PeBi30pH

HOrO

CHH

rropyiiiHB

CTapi

JIOBIIIHHY,

IIO)J,aTKH

6yB

BCiJIRKi

BCTaHOBHJIH,

IIIO

XOTiJIH

IIpHHHRTH"

U:HX

HOpMH

HOBOrO

CYTHOCTi

AJie

6y)J,e

THCRq

CTapOCTa

rropyiiiyBaTH

qepe3 )J,Ba Micnu:i rricJIR rrepe)J, BiH

raJIHU:hKHM

qHHHTh

3rO)J,OM

HOBi

KpHB)J,H

JIIO)J,eH,

3BHqan )1,0

6y)J,OBH

,IIPl33Ill

KO)KHOMy"

Ille

irrymaHHJl,

IIOrOJIHB

)1,0

lieq)'BaHi", i i rra iac

)1,0

HhOro,

CBOI

,IIi)],

poKy.

TOR

)J,OrOBip,

IIOBHHHOCTeH.

ceJIRHH

IIIO IIpH-

)J,OrOBOpy

23.VI. 1605 yBarH

Ha)J,ieBa i Ha

B)Ke

PaKoBa

CTapOCTY,

6opO)J,H

HHX

pa3

KpiM

PaKOBa

3HOBY

B'R3HHU:i

IIIO

IIOCKap)KH-

BHKJiaJIH

KopoJIL

HHM

ceJIRHH

BCi

CHri3MYH)J,

rrepepaxyBaB

TeCJiiB

,IIpHMyiiiyBaB

rra)J,ilBcLKi

rrepe)J,

3a6paB

HeBOJIHB",

B03a )J,epeBa,

PaKiBCLKi i

cTapocTa. Ille

,rroqaB qHHHTH BeJIHKi IIIKO)J,H,

KOpOJIR,

B)Ke

,IIOCTiHHO

rpHU:hKO

rpHBeHL.

HhOrO

36epiraTH",

Ille

IIOCKap)KHJIHCR

HeBOJIHB",

RKi )J,orrycKaB

TH! i.Koro ypR)J,y. KOqern:

RKHH

CKaprOIO )1,0

JIHCTi

Bi)J,CTOIOBaTH

CeJIRHaM.

,IIOHa)J,

.i Hi.HOMY

IIOBO-

TRrapi".

OCTaHHiH IIOrO)J,HB-

rropyiiiyBaTH

3BepTaB

CTapOCTH

,36iJILIIIHB

3060B'R3aJIHCR

<!Jeo)J,aJILHHX

CY)J,OM

THMKOBHq

CTapHX

6yJIH

rrorrepe)J,HLoi yro)J,H

rpO)J,ChKHM

CeJIRHH

IIOKpHB)J,)Ke-

Ha)J,ieBa Ta PaKoBa,

rroqaJIH

RKi

pon:i BHCJiaTH

He3BHqanHi

3a Bee i

Bi)J,6yJIOCR

HOpMH

JIHCR )1,0 cy)J,y Ha CTapOCTY,

IIO)J,aJIHCR

1604

XVI

KiHid

IIOIIepe)J,HhOrO

CTOpOHH

peBi3opiB

3JIOTHX.

HeHaCHTHHH 3HOBY

CeJIRH,

KopOJih, 6onqHCh

CeJIRH,

CTapOCTY,

YBO)J,HTH".

KOpOJiiBChKHX

3aKJia)J,OM"

rroqaB

IIOBHHHOCTeH

,He

rrepiii

mKe

BTHXOMHpHTH

iHIIIi

IIOBHHHOCTeH

PeBi30pH IIpHMHpHJIH CeJIRH

CMepTi

CeJIRH

rrpaBa.

rriqoro

3MyiiieHHH

IIOBHHHOCTeH

CeJIRHH ,UoJIHHCLKoro cTapocTBa, ,He

RKi

KpaCiU:LKOrO.

KpHB)J,H

IIiCJIR

HOpMH

HaKJiaB

cemm,

€.

CTOJiiTTR CKJiaJIH CKapry Ha CTapOCTY

257

ToM

3HOBY

HaCHJihCTBa

III

3JIOB)KHBaHHR

crreu:i-

CTapoc-

CaMHX erriTeTiB KOpOJiiBChKOrO JIHCTa BHTRraeiii",

MOpHB"

TOMY

,rrpHMYIIIY€III",

IIO)J,i6He

,He

,He3BHqanHi

BH)J,HO,

RKi

HaCHJih-

rocoByBaJIH <J>eo)J,aJIH IIIO)J,O KopoJiiBCLKHX ceJIRH, )J,OBO)J,RqH lx

,[(0 pa6CTBa.

N 10Vl

16 0 8

li*YIIIIH,

II(O

HapiKaHH5lM "'

pou:i

IIpHIIHHHB

irrpHirM",

CHri3MyH)J,

III

3HOBY rra)J,icJiaB

IIpHrrriqyBaTH CeJIRH THX CiJI.

cTapocTi Man)], aT, MaH)J,aTi

KOpOJih

,KHH.KaKpaTHO Ha6iraiOTL" )1,0 HhOrO IIi)J,)J,aHi rra

CTapOCTy,

RKHH )J,OIIYCKa€

rropyiiiyiOqH )J,aBHi

rrpaBa,

Ha)J, HHMH

III o6

CTBep-

,3 HeMaJIHM

,pi3Hi KpHB)J,H

,B3araJii HaKJia)J,a€ Ha HHX HOBi

258

BoJtoiJuMup

UJ:O)J,eHHi pOJih

THrapi"

BHKJIHKaB

3'HBHJIHCh

,I(JIH

ceJIHHH

(rrJieHirroTeHTH) THCHq TeH

3JIOTHX

CeJIHH

PaKoBa

)J,opyqeHHHM

CIIpaBi

p03KpHJIH

IIpHqHHH

CTapOCTa

Bi)J,IIIKO)J,yBaB

arreJIIOBaTH. cy)J,y,

llpoTe

XOTiB

JiiBChKHH

cy)J,

3aKJia)J,

piiiieHHH,

orrpaB)J,aB

,UoJIHHChKHH pouj

3yBaB

cTapocTa

ceJIHHH

Ha)J,

Bi)J,

ce6e

Bciel

u;nx

ciJI

Haropo)J,y'

rri)J,MOBHB

yBiHTH

lKOBHipH, 3JIOTHX, iHIIIHX

ceJio

"CTOHqH

CeJiax",

qoro

6aHi

CeJIHHH

3BepTaJIHCH

naqaqn 0110py,

BCe.

ceJIHHH

Bi)J,MOBJIHIOThCH

piiiiyqncTapocTi

KOpO-

OIIHHHJiaCh

cBol

rrorrepe)J,Hi

1622

pOTH

)1,0

poKy

cKapry

Te,

rn:o

IIIKO)J,H"

"MyqHB

BOHH IBaH

raJIHIIhKHM o6iu;nro-

KyJinqKiB-

Hao;LKOBaHi Ha

THCHqi

po3iHTHCH

3a6paB

110

IIi)J,)J,aHHX

B'H3HH£1el0".

HKHH

coJii",

3Hyrn:aBrn:o

rraH,

raBpHIJia

CTapOCTa

Be3JIH

ceJIHHHH

rrepe)J,

CBOIX )J,OMiB

KOpOJIH,

)J,aJii

opraHi-

BOHH

ceJIHHaM.

He3MipHi

)J,eHKHX

ciJI.

HKHH

"3aroTOBJieHo )J,JIH cTapocTa

)J,OIIIKYJIHTH

iHIIIHX

KOJIH

roBopnJiocL,

MyciJIH

KOHen,

u;nx

3HOBY

cTapocTy,

McTHB

CKJiaB

Hin

lloTiM

CKaprOIO

UJ: 06

peBi30pChKOrO

ceJIHHaMH

ceprrHi

rroqHHHJIH

pe~epeH)J,apchKHH

TaKe,

Ha)J,

lKOBHipiB

"IIi)J,)J,aHi

BelKaMH" i3

rrocTol

BTpaTHBIIIH

"COJIHHi

cTapocTy

THlK)J,eHh,

BHaCJii)J,OK

Ha)J,ieBa. rrpaBa.

Ha TOMY,

HaKJierroM.

6yJio

cTapocTy.

lli)J,

IIpHKJia)J,aX

Ha)J,CHJiaB

CrrpaBa

rn:o

rpoMa)J,H

Bi)J,

3aTBep)J,HB

CaMoBiJihHHH

KOpOJiiB-

BHHBHJIHCH

B03iB )J,epeBa,

cBol

cyMi

Y6niii

3a6opoHHB

rri)J,JierJinx,

cy)J,oM

ChKOro

rpo)J,ChKHM BeJIHKY

BoHH

36HTKH,

cKapMHJIHCH

PaKoBa

Bi)J,CTOIOBaJIH

pa3

YXHJIHIOqHCh

KopoJih

3Hyrn:aBcH

IIIKO)J,H.

IIOBHHHOC-

BHKOHaTH

Harra)J,

iHIIIi

Kaporo HOpMH

AHiJ,pin

rn:e

ceJIHH

3JIOTHX.

rrepe)J,

pyKoiO

ceJIHHaMH

BrrepTo

THCHq

KpexoBa

3a6paB

crrpnqnHHB IM

BIIepTO

Ta yrroBHOBaMeHi

HaCTOIOBaJIH

IIIKO)J,H.

CeJIHHaM

cy)J,oM.

ceJIHH

"36ponHoiO

)J,epeBo, Ta

pe~epeH)J,apchKHM

rrepe)J,

1613

CTapOCTa,

Bi)J,IIIKO)J,yBaTH

KO-

cy)J,OM

3JIOTHX Ha BHHOBHOro".

CeJIHHH

rri)J,TpHMaB

poKy

llepe)J,

BqHHKiB.

rrpn6yB

THCHq

HaHeCeHi IM

rri)J,

CIIpaBy

He3a)J,OBOJieHHH,

peBi3op

6yB

ceJia

6oKy,

6e3rrpaBHHX

IIOKpHB)J,lKeHi

CBOrO

KopoJiiBChKHH

cy)J,.

rropyiiiyBaTH

o6cTelKHTH

"3aKJia)J,y

peBi3opa

1609

KBiTHH

O)J,Horo

HHMH

UJ: 06

3MyiiieHHH

Ha)J,

KopoJIH

KaHOHiK,

IIpHI3)J,Y

CyiJ,

CTapOCTY

)J,OIIYCKaTH

ChKHH )J,eKpeT B

MH.

Ha)J,ieBa,

cTapocTH.

CeJIHH

pe~epeH)J,apChKHH

rrepe)J,

3aCTaBHTH

1103HaHChKHH

qac

3aCIIOKO€HHH

CTapOCTY

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

3HOBY

BHKJIHKaB

6iJihiii

piiiiyqoro

cy)J,. ciJI

BHKOHyBaTH

rrepexo)J,HTh

~eO)J,aJihHi

)J,O

IIOBHHHOCTi.

lfllocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

KY)J,H

IIIKO)J,RTh

HaBiTI,

cKap.lKHTLCR

HHMH

CiJILCLKY

CKap3i

162 3

poKy

KaJIHHY,

Bac-

KiHUj

rpoMa)J,y

BiH

IIIO

BOHH

CKaprH

,LK.O)J,Hi

CTapOCTa

He3aKOHHi,

IIIO

HaCTyrry,

HaMaraBCR

Ha)J,ieBa rrepe)J, raJIHU:LKHM

CTapOCTH

IIOCJIYXH,

HaKa30M

qiTKO IIHIIIe

xoqyTL

XO)J,RTL,

opeH)J,H

3a MJIHHH

aKTaMH

CeJIRHH

3JIOTHX),

IIO)J,aTKH

rpo)J,CLKHM ypR)J,OM

xoqyTL

pOKH

RKi He

CTapOCTBO

3ri)J,HO

CBOMY,

rpoMa)J,H

iHIIIi

IIOBHHHi

KOCHJIH

IIaHy

,I(o

3aTpHMaHi

CBOeMy IIaHy BHIIaCJIH CB0€10 XY)J,060IO, i

CeJia

MeTOIO

HaKa3aB

KopoJIL

rpaHVIL(i

HarrpaBH

)J,JIR

XOTiJIH

6y)J,OBH

BHB03HTH,

iaMKY

Ha piBHi

JIK

6aqHMO,

CeJIRHH

Kapr

rrorpo.lKyBaJIH

B3araJii )1,0

1 iyxy.

3aMOK

raH)J,yKiB

a6o

BH6paHU:iB

XOTRTh

500

3JI.)

)J,epeBa,

RKe

MoJI)J,aBCLKol CTOpO.lKY )1,0

)J,aBaTH". 3aXHCTHTH

aKTHBHHX

lj>opM

ce6e

OIIOpy,

JiiCH

Ha)J,

rHo6nTeJIRMH.

3arOTOBJieHi )J,epeBa

IIpRMHX

0)J,Horo ,rropy-

Ha CBiH Y.lKHTOK o6epHyJIH", CIIpHqHHHBIIIH CTapoc-

CTapOCTi

IIpoTe

BiH

B)J,aJIOCR

BTHXOMHpHTH

rrpo)J,OB.lKyBaB

HapOCTaHHR

HaCHJILCTBa

K iaHHi 3HOBY 3BepHyJIHCR )J,O KopoJIR. Ton y ciqHi

HHKaB )J,OJIHHChKOrO CTapOCTY qoTHpH

pa3H,

aJie

CeJIRH-

3HYillaHHR

1623

MOMY MaH)J,aTi rroBi)J,OMJIRB, IIIO Ha cKapry ceJIRH PaKoBa i

. .TVI

IIIJIRXOM

,IIpHHU:HIIaJiiB" CXO)J,HJIHCR Ha 360-

po3rrpaBoiO

BHpy6aJIH

ciHa

IIIKO)J,H.

Bi)J,OMO

fi nVIHaMVI

Bi)J, IIaCHBHHX crrpo6

lj>i3nqHoiO

KOHTp-

CTOriB

6iJILIIIOrO .lKaJIIO

YropcLKol

)1,0

CTaB, RKHH HarrpaBJIRJIH 3)J,aBHa

3ipBaTH,

HOrO

)J,aiOTh,

opeH)J,apChKHMH

KOCHTH

Bi)J,

CeJiaMH

OIIOpy.

IIpOTRrOM KiJILKOX poKiB,

KpirrocTi

rrepeHIIIJIH

CeJIRHH

IIOCYIIIHJIH i

MnVIKO"i

XOTiJIH

Ili)J, IIpOBO)J,OM CBOIX

IIOBCTaJii

O.i ni jj

iHIIIHMH

O)J,HOCTaHHO

iaHopylrreHL.

IIaHChKHM

(RKHH 3HaXO)J,HBCR Ha CTaHi OIIYilleHHR, CIIYCK KO.lKHHH BHHOCHB

ynepTO

• i)J,y

Bi)J,MO-

rrpe)J,CTaBHTH

aHTHij>eo)J,aJILHOrO

( CeJIRHH).

36i.lK.lKR,

CiHO.lKaTTR,

(KO.lKHHH CTir ITO

lj>opMH

CTapOCTa,

3BHqanHi

KopqMH

)J,aiOTh,

BH)J,HO

Bi)J,)J,aBaTH

IIJiaTRTh )J,OBrH 3a IIaHCLKi

ce6e

,3a6yJIH

o6epHyTH".

HaMiCHHKaM

•

CIIpHqH-

rrpe)J,CTaBJIRB

6yHTiBHHKaM",

pe3yJILTaTi TaTapChKOrO

IIOBHHHOCTi.

ceJIRH PaKoBa i

HecrrpaBe)J,JIHBi

HiiiiO

CKap.lKHBCR, IIIO ,6yHTiBHHKH" ,rri)J, rrpoBO)J,OM BiJILHoc-

BHKOHyBaTH

BHCTYIIH

TOR

qanKy, Jla3apn

BCIO

,IIpHHU:HIIaJiaM

OTpHMaHOI Bi)J, KOpOJIR

BHJIHCR

y.lKe

IBaHa Ha

3aBopyiiieHHR.

)J,OpiKaB

cTpax Bo.lKHH". Ti",

259

ToM Terrep

cy)J,y Ha

,IIpHHU:HIIaJiiB"

,6yHTH"

HeBHHHHM

CTapOCTi.

rpo)J,CLKOMY

KOBa Ta iHIIIHX HeHi

IlpuKapnammR.

Ha)J, poKy

Ha)J,ieBa

,Hi CTapOCTa, Hi

260

BoJtoiJuMup

HOrO

)J,OBipeHi

eTaHyJIH"

nepe)J,

KOpOJiiBehKHM

ey)J,OM.

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

BHXO)J,HqH

llhOro, BiH me pa3 ni)J,TBep)J,HB 3BiJihHeHHH eeJIHH Bi)J, nOBHHHOeTeH BHaeJii)J,OK TaTapebKOrO

HaeTyny

HaKa3aB

eTapoeTi

Bi)J,IIIKO)J,yBaTH

noKpHB-

)J,lKeHHM 3a 3HHilleHi eOJIHHi BeMi, noBepHyTH IM 3a6paHe MaHHO i BHHaropO)J,HTH ,3a Bci po60TH", He npHMyiiiyBaTH )1,0 Ha)J,MipHHX nOBHHHOeTeH, a TiJihKH eTapo3BnqaeBnx, i He MyqnTH IX 6nTTHM, yB'H3HeHHHM. B

raJIHllhKHX rpo)J,ehKHX aKTax 6y JIO 6araTo eKapr eeJIHH Ha11,ieBa

PaKOBa, B HKHX p03KpHBa€TheH eTpaiiiHa KapTHHa 6e3npaB'H i rHiTy Ha)J, HHMH 3 6oKy eTapoeTH. B

1635 poo;i, HanpHKJia)J,, eTapoeTa, ,HaeJiaBIIIH"

eBOIX eJiyr i TaTap Ha eeJIHH, HKi Hana)J,aJIH Ha KpinaKiB, 3a6npaJIH Bee Ha B03H, ,IIIO MOrJIH 3aBe3TH", 3aXOnHJIH 6araTO B03iB )J,epeBa, lj>i3nqHo po3npaBJIHJIHeh 3 eeJIHHaMH i,

oeo6JIHBO,

3 THMH, IIIO oqoJIIOBaJIH rpo-

Ma)J,H B IX 6opOTh6i 3 lj>eo)J,aJiaMH. ,I(yMe 3aB3HBeH eTapoeTa Ha Ha)J,iIBehKOrO nona IJIHIIIY i 3Jie HaBO)J,HTh" CeJIHHH

oTaMaHa, HKi, 3a noro nepeKoHaHHHM,

To6To

3 nJiaqeM

po3nyKOIO KOHeTaTyBaJIH, IIIO qepe3 Ti BalKKi

nepeeJii)J,yBaHHH o6H)J,Ba eeJia TepnJIHTh eTapoeTHHehKoro ypn11,y. eHJih

Ha11,ieBa

36ilKlKH,

eiHo,

HeB)J,OB3i

eKapMHJIHeH

6y)J,HHKH,

BHHH",

npHMyiiiyBaB

noTiM

,HaKa3yBaB

,Ha Bee

e opraHi3aTopaMH eeJIHHehKoro onopy.

,3HYillaHHH", rHiT i

eTapoeTy,

HKHH

a Ha 6araThOX HaKJiaB

nJiaTHTH

pyiHY Bi)J,

(1637 p.) KoeTh 3 PaKoBa i Bano6paB

,BeJIHKi i

eeJIHH

HeeJiyiiiHi

6 3JIOTHX Bi)J, KOlKHOrO, B 'H3HHB, a

BHKynJIHTHen"

rpiiiiMH.

BHaeJii)J,oK

o;Loro

eaMo-

BiJihHHH eTapoeTa ,3 THX eiJI nopo3raHHB 6araTO ni)J,)J,aHHX, a peiiiTa, HKi

OeTaJIHeH",

qnHIIIiB,

6yJia

HaTypaJihHHX

He3BaMaroqn

npHMyiiieHa

)1,0

BalKKHX

nOBHHHOeTeH,

po6iT,

)J,aHHH. Ha)J,3BnqaiiHo

BaMKY

o6eTaHOBKy,

paKiBehKi

Ha)J,fiBehKi eeJIHHH He nepeeTaBaJIH 6opOTHeH npOTH eTapoeTHHehKOrO ypH)J,y

30-40 poKax), BKJIIOqHo )1,0 noqaTKY HapO)J,HO-BH3BOJihHOI

BiHHH 1648-1657 poKiB. 3rO)J,OM )J,OJIHHehKHH eTapoeTa nepe)J,a€ KepiiiHHIITBO eHHOBi CTaHieJiaBy, HKHH npo)J,OBMye npnrHiqyBaTH eeJIHH.

KoJIH BiH He 3Mir npnMyenTH

eeJIHH npHMHpHTHeH 3 lj>eo)J,aJihHO-KpinoeHHllhKHM rHiTOM, HKi, 3a BHeJIOBOM ieTopnKa B. Jlo3HHehKoro, 3 repoiqHoiO HanoJierJIHBieTIO 3axnmaJIH nepe11, KopoJieM ,eBoi norBaJiqeHi npaBa", TO nepe)J,aB eeJia Ha11,iiB i PaKiB HKOMyeh IIIJIHXTHqy ,I(yqnMiHehKOMY B noeeei10, o6io;HIOqH HOMY )J,OnOMory B )J,aJihiiiOMY npnrHo6JieHHi IX.

pe3yJILTaTi, nepeKoHye Jlo3HHehKHH, ,3

TOrO qaey o6H)J,Bi rpoMa)J,H 3aMieTh O)J,HOrO MaiOTh )],BOX THpaHiB".

ImocmpoeaHa IIpoTe

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ceJHIHH

KOpOJieBi

3)J,aBaJIH

HeHMOBipHi

KopoJih

BJia)J,HCJiaB

MaH)J,aT,

B HKOMY me

cBolx

YTHCKH

1644

261

ToM

rro3HD;iil

)J,aJii

KpaCillhKOrO

po~:~i

rrocJiaB

rri)J,

CBOIO

llpHB 'H3aJIH )1,0 CBaBiJIJIH C. MaH)J,aTiB,

BiH ,Ha rrorop)J,y i

eK3eKy~:~il,

qac

Ha)J,icJiaB

qeJIH)J,h KOHen

6yB

rrorrepe)J,HB

HKa

rrpo

KopoJih )J,opi-

BnpirnnJia

rpo)J,i

po36npaTH

HKi,

crrpaBn,

3a6paBrnn lx peqi,

3allpOBa)J,HJIH )1,0 )J,OJIHHChKOrO

3aMKy".

KpacillhKoro mo)J,o ceJIHH, 3HeBara )J,O KopoJiiBChKHX

rJieHTiB

3MyllleHHH

3HeBary" KopoJiiBChKoro )J,eKpe-

Ha yrroBHOBa.lKeHnx, i

crre~:~iaJihHHH

Ha OCHOBi CeJIHHChKHX CKapr ITi)J,TBep)J,HB

pa3

cTaBJieHHH )J,O KopoJiiBChKHX rri)J,)J,aHnx.

Kae cTapocTi,

CKap.lKHJIHCH

,I(yqnMiHChKOrO.

cTapocTi

H a)J,ieBa HecrrpaBe)J,JIHBe

YIIOBHOBa.lKeHHX

Bi)J,i6paTH

HhOrO

)J,iHIIIJIH

KOpOJih

CTapOCTBO.

KOJIH

)1,0

,I(OJIHHChKe

TOro,

cTapocTa, HK rrepeKoHye B. Jlo3HHChKHil, ,cnJioiO xoTiB 3aTpnMaTn" CTapOCTBO, IIIJIHXTY

KOpOJih

,)1,0

1644

36pOHHOI

p01:1i 3aKJIHKaB raJIHllhKOrO CTapOCTY i 1 eK3eKyllii " OCTaToqHo Bi)J,i6paB ,I(OJIHHChKe

CTapOCTBO Bi)J, MarHaTiB KpaCillhKHX, HKi llpOTHrOM CTOJiiTTH yrrpaBJIHJIH

HHM.

KepyBaBCH

KopoJIL, He

Bi)J,6nparoqn

HKHMHCh

cTapocTBO

)J,06pHMH

HaMipaMH,

Bi)J,

KpacillhKoro,

llpHXHJihHiCTIO

)1,0

ce-

JIHH, a HaMaraBCH, HK i HOrO IIOIIepe)J,HHKH, 3arro6irTH 6iJihlll aKTHBHHM 36pOHHHM BHCTyrraM CeJIHH, HKi,

6e3CYMHiBHO,

MOrJIH BHHHKHy-

TH B Mai16yTHhOMY. TaKHM rreprny orropy qoq

qnHoM,

qepry

)J,OMorJIHCH

TO)J,iiiiHhoro Ha)J,ieBa,

CKHHeHHH

rHiTy

,UoJIHHChKoro

BHacJii)J,oK HeHaBHCHoro

cTapocTBa,

rriBTopacToJiiTHLoro po)J,y

KpacillhKHX,

i )J,iHJIH )J,emo rrpnMiTHBHHMH MeTo)J,aMn. I Bee .lK 6opoTL6a ceJIHH

Iapocrsa

ceJIHHH

PaKoBa

CTHMYJIIOBaJia aHTHij>eo)J,aJihHHH

IIpnKaprraTTH, raJinqnHH,

a H Peqi

orrip CeJIHHCTBa He JIHIIIe

IIocrroJIHTOI B3araJii.

CEJI51Hll P51TYIOTbC51 BTEqEIQ if>

• i irn:CAA

I,U

lj>opM

JieraJILHoro

0)J,Hi€10

11n. '-1

u iii

~:~e

orropy

ceJIHHH

rrepexo)J,HJIH

pyxy

llpHMHX

aHTHij>eo)J,aJihHOrO 3

MaCOBHX

6yJio He HOBe,

lj>opM

6opOTh6H

6yJIH

)J,O

rocTpirnnx

3aBopyrneHh. BTeqi

CeJIHH.

a)J,.lKe 6yJio Bi)J,oMe Ha IIpnKaprraTTi me 3

HiXOHJieHHH raJIHllhKOI Pyci Pi qqro II OCIIOJIHTOIO. AJie i3 IIOCH-

262

BoJtoiJuMup

JieHHHM Maxy,

THCKY

lj>eo,ll,aJiiB

CTaiOTh

OcnoBHHMH

rreHTpi

rrpnqnnaMH

KpirrocnnrrhKOro

rHiTy

CeJIHHChKi

yBarH BTeq

MaCH

MicrreBHX ceJIHH

Ha6npa10Th

rreHTpaJihHHX

6yJio

3aXOITJieHHH

BTeqi

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

<J>eo,~J,aJihHO

rrocnJieHHH

IIIJIHXTOIO

p03-

ypH,ll,iB.

CeJIHHChKHX

Ha,ll,iJiiB,

36iJihiiieHHH lj>eo,ll,aJihHHX ITOBHHHOCTeH, BHCHalKJIHBHH xapaKTep opeH,li,HOI CHCTeMH.

3aJIHIIIaiOqH pi,li,Hi OCeJii,

BOHH rrepeXO,li,HJIH

HTJIHBi MiCrrH, III06 IT036yTHCH rniTy i ,ll,apCTBO.

IJH

,CB060,l1,H

paMKH

BiJihHO p03BHBaTH CBO€ rocrro-

qac

OTpHMaiOTh rreBHi rriJihrH

•

ITOCTYITOBO

He ,ll,ylKe

3BepTaJia yBary Ha rri rriJihrH

HaMaraJiaCH BTHCHYTH IX y

,cTapOlKHJiiB".

JIIOCTpa Top,

nyJIH

orrncyroqn

rpyrroBi

MaCOBi

Tepe6oBJIHHChKe

lKOpCTOKi Ka6aJihHi

BTeqi.

porri

,ll,eHKi

KJIHM, i

,ll,aBHO,

O,li,HOMY

,11,pyri

HHHiiiiHhOMY

i3 ,li,OKyMeHTiB

KopoJiiBChKHH

cTapocTBO

Bi,li,3HaqaB, IIIO B CeJii ,I(y6HHIIHX ,crrycTOIIIeHi 30 JIIO,li,H,

a6o TaK 3BaHi

0,li,HaK H TaM IIIJIHXTa BlKe BTiKaqiB

CITpH-

YTiKaqi-ceJIHHH na ,li,OCBi,ll,i CBOIX rrorrepe,li,HHKiB 3HaJin, IIIO B

HOBHX MiCrrHX Ha HKHHCh ,BOJii"

B 6iJihiii

porri

15 6 6

qeTBepTeH,

ITOBTiKaJIH".

ITOBi,li,OMJIHJIOCH,

IIIO

pou;i, 3 HKHX 160 2

,po6iTHi

CeJIHHH

CTerran IJihqnnoB'HT, RrrKo illnrr, ,UeM'nn, TnMKO CeMKoB'HTH

iHIIIi BTeKJIH

i3 Ma€TKa

(ceJia)

3arBi3,li,H ,11,0

Ma€TKiB

(ciJI)

JlaCKO-

BHqa". TiKaJIH qennn.

ceJIHHH

TaK,

i3 cKaprn,

pi,li,HHX

ceJIHHHHa

Micrrh

CTerrH

na,11,Mipni i3

ceJia

cnna

Ky3H reTh BHrHaB 3 ceJia. ,qepe3 BHTHrHeHHH 3

llhOrO

Ky3H

rrpnrni-

yTHCKH CTaHhKOBa,

open,11,ap ne JIHIIIe neBHHHO 3a6npaB xy,11,o6y,

noro

BHrHaB".

qepe3

CJia6oro

CTerreBoro i

BacnJIH

KyxnaB-

3 HHX Ha,li,3BHqaiiHHX ITO,ll,aTKiB reTh

BH,li,HO,

IIIO

IIIJIHXTHq-opeH,ll,ap

6yB

BH,li,HO

a Ille il iloro

CeJia

3arriKaBJieHHH

Bi,li,XO,ll,i CeJIHH, OCKiJihKH rriCJIH TOrO 3aXOITJIIOBaB IX pyxoMe i HepyxoMe

MaHHO. ,I(o

BTeq

CeJIHH

,li,OBO,li,HJIH

iHIIIi

lj>aKTOpH

IIIJIHXeTChKa

MiMy-

co6HrrH, rrepeXO,li,H i ITOCTOI BOpOlKHX qn IIIJIHXeTChKHX BiHChK, TaTapChKi

HaiTa,li,H,

ITOBO,ll,i,

HeBpOlKai,

HaBe,ll,eMo TaKnil rrpHKJia,ll,. 3

Ma€TKiB

rri,ll,,ll,aHnx

raJIHllhKOro ,11,0

ceJia

Micu;errepe6yBaHHH ,ll,eKpeTiB"' THqi

Ha rroqaTKY 40-x poKiB

KaiiiTeJIHHa

KaMiHKH.

Rna

MoryJILChKHH

KoJIH i

neJI3errhKOro

BJiacnnK

BTiKaqiB, ,li,OMircH

ITOBepnyTH IX.

IlaBJIO

ITOMOpH TOIIIO.

MaeTKY,

TOro,

III06,

3a ,li,OpyqeHHHM

EapTaJioMeil

XVII

cToJiiTTH

BTeKJIO

6araTO

,li,OBi,ll,aBIIIHCh 3ri,li,HO

rrpo

,3eMeJihHHX

neJI3errhKOro IIIJIHX-

Eepe30BChKHH

rrpn6yJIH

lfllocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

1642

JIHCTOIIa)J,a

3YCTpiJIH Ollip. H€ RpMO, pOM

6paTH

IBaH

BHCTYIIHJIH llpOTH

ceJIRH

oqeBH)J,Qi,

,I(aJii

BOHH,

36p 0€10,

IIIJIRXY

6nJIH.

)1,0

IIIJIRXTnqa,

,UeMinra

6yJIH

noro

0prani3aTO-

KpniiiTolj>op

BacHJIL

KaMiHKY,

3aKJIHKaJIH

,UiJinna,

3RTL

TKaq,

THMKO

KJIHMOH

HaiiaJIH

ceJIRHH-BTiKaqi, B)J,apHJIH

pyiiiHHQRMH,

CTacL,

JiyKaMH, Ha

IIaHiB.

6y6nn".

COKHpaMH,

IIIa6JIRMH

II OBCTaJii

IIOpaHHJIH

peqi.

,I(aJii

CIIiHMaJIH

XOTiJIH

HOrO

YTOIIHTH".

BTOIIHJIH

TiJILKH

"no6nToro,

npoKJIHHaJIH

yci

po3IIOBii

CTaBy,

KopqMn".

IIIJIRXTHqiB

B )1,3BOHH

",I(o

IIOBOJIOKJIH

noro

BOJIOKJIH

HHM

CeM'nnoBn,

paiiTOBO

3a6paJIH

nnx

iniiii.

npn6y JIH

"Ha (BaJIT

KOHeH,

rno6HTeJiiB i3 36p0€10. A

KynaJii

036pOIBIIIHCh

iHIII 010

6araTO

IIIJIRXTnqi

Bili.T.

IleTpac

BacnJieBnqi,

)J,aJIH

rocL

cTaB

CeJILCOBHH

KoJIH

poKy )J,O KaMiHKH, 11106 3aapeniTyBaTH ni)J,)J,annx, TO

MnxanJio

Onylj>pin

263

ToM

BTiKaqi He JIHIIIe He 6a.lKaJIH IIOBepTaTHCh B IIOIIepe)J,-

aJie

onopy

IlpuKapnammR.

IlpH

QhOMY

CeJIRHH

noro,

nara)J,yBaJIH

RKO-

nopanenoro

IIOCTiHHO

Ilo no-

KpnqaJIH

npo rno6JieHHR

Ma€TKax

EeJI3eQLKoro. 0)J,HaK, KopqMH, KiJILKa

QHM

pa3iB

TphOX

IIOBCTaJii

3allpOBa)J,HJIH

)J,HiB

)1,0

3a)J,OBOJihHHJIHCR,

3aMKy,

pyiiiHHQh

p03IIpaBHJIHCh

KOJIO)J,y

6iK

rOJIOBY

BTiKaqi

Bonn nanecJIH nanoBi IIIiCTL pan.

qnBcR

BHCTYII

nell

ceJIRHH

Bi)J,

HanBHIIIHX cTpyiOqn

HICJb

lj>opM llpH

ceJIRH-BTiKaqiB

npocToro

IIeBHY

CTpiJIRJIH".

AJie

onopy-BTeqi

6opoTL6n

TaKTHKY,

nan a

Bin

TaM

IlpOTRrOM BCi

HeBi)J,oMo,

KaMiHQi.

ceJIRHCLKoro

anTnlj>eo)J,aJILHol

QhOMY

"B3RBIIIH

3aJIO.lKHJIH

rno6HTeJIRMH

3HYIIIaHHR.

Hory

MYKH

qnM 3aKiHnepeKonye,

nepexo)J,HJIH )J,O

36ponnol,

oprani3oBaHiCTh,

)J,eMonCOJii)J,ap-

CMiJIHBiCTh.

illJIRXTa,

lj>opcy10qH

p03BHTOK

lj>iJILBapKiB,

IIOTpe6yBaJia

IIOCTiH-

H i l \ po6oqnx pyK, TOMY BCiJIRKO 3ano6iraJia MaCOBHM BTeqaM CeJIRH.

IIOCTaHOBaX raJIHQhKOrO

HIO CeJIRHChKOI MirpaQil. VI

L\bOMY

IIJiaHi

H rpHX 3aKOHiB.

11 Ha

Bi)J,

CeHMY

I loi JIR)J,H po6oqnx

Bi)J,

q H.

pyK

poQi

"3arOCTpHTH na

IIOKa3aHi

)J,il IIO

YTHXOMHpeH-

CeHMHK, RK i )J,eRKi iHIIIi, llpOCHB )J,OIIOMOrH

KOpOJiiBChKOro

Y 1622

IIIJIRXTH y

CeHMHKY

ypR)J,y

CeHMY,

KOHCTHTyQil llpOTH

Bi)J,Xi)J,

BHMaraB

6iJILIII

IIIJIRXTa PycLKOrO BO€BO)J,CTBa BHMa-

ceJIRH

CBOIX rOCIIO)J,apCTBaX,

6yJIH

CeJIRH-BTiKaqiB".

pi3ni.

Ta,

HaMaraJiaCR He

1110

BHMaraJia

BHIIYCKaTH

ce-

nepecJii)J,yBaJia IX BTeqy, iHIIIa IIIJIRXTa, nepeBa.lKHO IIi)J,ripCLKa,

264

BoJtoiJuMup

rn:o

rrpo6yBaJia

raJiach

BHKOpHCTaTH

cJio6o)J,HH. B

3aceJIHTH

rroBi

)J,JIH

llhOrO

Bona crrpnnJia

yMoBax

TaKoi

ceJia

rroqaJIH TiKaTH.

30Cepe,ll,MyBaJiaCH

rrpoJieTapiaTy.

aKTax

TepnTopinx,

CeJIHH-BTiKaqiB,

3aTpnMyBaJia IX y

rrey3rO)J,MerrocTi

6iJihiiie

MiCTeqKa,

rrpocTopnx

CaMe

BTiKaqaM,

CTOJiiTTHX rn:e

MicLKoro

rra

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

IIIJIHXTH

TaK

rraMa3BaHHX

CBOIX Ma€TKax.

ceJIHHH

XVI-XVII

qaCTHHa IX Bi)J,XO)J,HJia i

MiCTa

rrepe)J,MiCTHX,

IIOIIOBHIOIOqH

rra3HBaiOTh

,KoMiprrnKaMn"

JiaBH a6o

,XaJiyTIHHKaMH".

KpiM

o;Loro,

OKOJIHllh

OCBOIOBaTH

Yroprn:nrrow, pyxy

rra

oceJih.

a6n

HKi

iHIIIOrO

KOpOJiiBChKi

6y)J,e Ti

3MeHIIIyBaJIO

JIIOCTpaTOpH

BHpiiiiHJIH

rpaHHlli, BaHHH

i )J,e

THX

)J,JIH

Xo q

UocrroJIHTOIO HH By.

MYCHTh

cJ>eo)J,aJiiB

qoMy

3aceJIHIOTh-

15 7 5

Jiicax,

UJ:06H

3JIO)J,iilcTBO

poo;i qepe3

po36oi,

IIOHCHHB,

HOBOCeJIH

po36iMyThCH,

3eMeJih

ropax

,3a

IIOIIIHpeHHH

,He

UJ:O, a

ciJI,

rn:o

6yTH

6e3IIeKH

iHIIIHMH

ciJI.

XTOCh

reTh

)1,0

3HHUJ:eHHH

CTaCeJIO,

CeJiaMH,

3aTpnMarre.

OCa)J,H

15 69

JIIOCTpao;fi

BiqHHM,

BMe

IIOMiTHJIH

cTapocTBa

TO)J,i

TaKoM

YropChKOI i

3pyifrry-

IIpHIIHHeHe". HOBHX ,3a

CeJIHHH

6n Ha IIpHKJia)J,aX

pou;i CHHTHHChKHH CTapocTa

6y)J,e

30BCiM

3acJiyrn",

BCe-TaKH

pa30M

3rO)J,OM

oTpnMyBaJia Bi)J, KopoJIH

xoq

6yTH

BHHHUJ:yBaJIO

HOBHX

3a3HaqnB

MOMe

(OCBOIThCH)

(KaJiyChKa)

rrpn6yTKH.

KaJiycLKoro

BHIIa)J,KOBO

OCBOIOBaqaMH

Bona

HOBHX TepHTOpiif, Qe BH)J,HO

orrnci

OCTOpOMHOCTi

ne3IIOCepe)J,HiMH IIIJIHXTa.

THX

BOJIOCTh

JiiciB

HOBHX

BicTOBOI

p03KOIIa€ThCH

HOB03aCeJieHHX

YropUJ:HHH",

3aTpHMaTH

ypH,ll,y

crrycToiiieHHH

ceJia

TOMY

KOpOJiiBChKi

rrpn

3rO)J,OM

UJ:O )J,OXi)J, CeJia

IIIHpiiie

rpaHHllh

KOp,ll,OHY

rracTyrr

IIi)J,CTapOCTa

3aTpnMaTH

)J,aHHHH,

OCBOIOBaHHH

UJ:O

CTapOCTHHChKOrO

pOCTBa,

0)J,HaK

JIIOCTpaTopa,

OCa)J,MeHi

Bi)J,

6iJihiiii

)1,0

CIIYCTOIIIeHHHM

KaJiyChKHH

He6nJiiB)

MaHMe

ripchKHX

ceJIHHChKo-orrpHIIIKiBchKoro

rrorparrnqqi. CeJIHH,

JIIO)J,H

a6o

IIJIOUJ:i

3aceJieHHH

crrycTOIIIHTHCh.

6oKy

JiiCH,

3Haqrri

KopoJiiBChKoro

6yBaiOTh

IIIJIHXOM

rrapocTaHHIO

OKOJIHlli, ,Ti

)J,aBaTH

MorJia

ripChKi

UJ:O

qacTO

6y,ll,yTh

poKy

ripChKi

(JloMHHIIH

TaM

oca)J,a

Jiicy

BTeqaM

3arrnTaHHH

Bi)J,IIOBiB,

oca)J,y

KOJIH

3-IIi)J,

3arro6irTH

MaCOBHM

HaH)J,aJihiiii

IIpHMO

rraMaraJiacn

rroJihChKo-yropchKOMY

3arpoMyBaB

IIIJIHXTa

IIOCeJieHh

6yJIH

Bi)J,BaMrricTh" cTapocTH

CBO €10

rrpaBo

rrpao;e10

CHHTHHChKOrO

0JincjJeM6ChKHH

CeJIHHH, rrepe,ll, rra

3aceJieH-

BepiiiHJIH

CTapOCTBa.

,3a Bi)J,Bary i

Piqqw

crrpa-

)K]i{qJIJil-

ImocmpoeaHa BiCTh"

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

rrepe)J,aB IIIJHIXTHqy .H.

ypoqnrn:e ,UparacnMiB,

265

ToM

XpoMOBChKOMY

,rra )J,OBiqrre

po3TaiiioBarre Mi.lK ceJiaMH

y.lKHBarrrrn"

Tyqarrn i

)1,03BOJIHB HOMY ,oci)J,aTH JIIO)J,eH, CKiJihKH IIOTpe6a".

Krrn.lKe,

PiBrroqacHO CTa-

pocTa rrepe)J,aB )J,JIH 3aceJieHHH ,Tiel rrycTnrri" Tphox ceJIHH 3 Krrn.lKoro -

,Uerrnca,

Cerrn.

MaTiH

CeJIHHH

po3rroqaJIH

ocBoerrrrn

oceJii,

rroTiM lx po)J,H po3MHO.lKHJIHCh i po3IIIHpHJIH rroceJieHHH. II o)J,i6rre CKJiaJIOCH ii

B irriiioMy ceJii

IIpnKaprraTChKi

cTapocTBa -

ceJIHHH,

Tro)J,oBi.

rroqnrraroqn

3 XIV

cToJiiTTH,

rrpn BTeqax

B OCHOBHOMY 6paJIH HaiipHM Ha IIo)J,iJIJIH, Ha)J,)J,HiiipHHUJ:HHY i ChKY IIOJIOcy, )J,eKOJIH Ha 3aKaprraTTH i

nyKOBHHy.

KaprraT-

IIoTHr IX Ha CXi)J,

IIOHCHIO€ThCH THM, UJ:O Ha Ha)J,)J,HiiipHHChKiH YKpaiHi IIOCTiHHO Bi)J,6yBaJIHCH CeJIHHChKO-K03allhKi IIOBCTaHHH i TaM CTaHOBHUJ:e CeJIHH 6yJIO JieriiiHM y

rropiBHHHHi

raJIHqHHOIO.

AiJ,.lKe

rrpou;ec

picT lj>eo)J,aJihHHX IIOBHHHOCTeH iiiiOB i3 3aXO)J,y i

3aKpirraqerrrrn

crroqaTKY yKpiiiJIIO-

BaBCH TyT. Bi)J,cTyrraroqn TY)J,H, MH

a6o

BJIHBaJIHCH

KniBChKOMy,

raJIHllhKi

ceJIHHH-BTiKaqi

K03allhKi

BoJIHHChKOMY i

3arorrn.

cTaBaJIH

EaraTo

cJio6o)J,HHa-

3YIIHHHJIOCH

Epau;JiaBChKOMY BO€BO)J,CTBax.

Micu;eBa

IIIJIHXTa rrpniiMaJia lx 3 MeToiO 3aceJIHTH crrycToiiierri TepnTopil, rra)J,aBaJia IM rrpaBa BoJii, po3paxoByroqn rricJIH 3aKirrqerrrrn cTpoKy ,BiJihHHX poKiB" O)J,ep.lKa TH Bi)J, HHX IIeBHi )J,OXO)J,H IIIJIHXOM HaKJia)J,eHHH Ha HHX lj>eo)J,aJihHHX IIOBHHHOCTeH.

raJIHllhKiH IIIJIHXTi Ba.lKKO 6yJIO IIOBepTaTH

15 9 7 pou;i y 3Beprrerrrri )J,O ceil My Bona

BTiKaqiB y

po)J,HHHi oceJii.

BHMaraJia,

rn:o6

B03HHH

Koporrrrnil

BoJIHHChKOMY BO€BO)J,CTBax

KniBChKOMy,

Epau;JiaBChKOMY

,Mir KJiaCTH rro30BH rra yTiKIIIHX ceJinrr".

IrriiiHM u;errTpoM 3ocepe)J,.lKeHHH ceJIHH-BTiKaqiB 6yJIH KaprraTH. CIO)J,H HOHH rrarrpaBJIHJIHCH 3 pi3rrnx Micu;h PycLKoro BO€BO)J,CTBa, rroqnrraroqn

rn:e 3 XIV CTOJiiTTH. rropiBHHHHi

rri.iMHO HI

ropH rrpHTHraJIH yBary ceJIHH TOMy, rn:o TYT

HH30BHHHHMH

paHOHaMH

KpiiiOCHHllhKHH

rHiT

6yB

MeHIIIHM, IIOCeJieHu;i TYT KOpHCTyBaJIHCH BOJIOChKHM rrpaBOM,

IIIaJIH Ba.lKKOI rrarrrn:nrrn. ,Uarra TepnTopin Jie.lKaJia rra rrorparrnqqi

nonb~i, I

bKOBi

MoJI)J,aBil i

Mi rri qrrnx M oro

i \ i i i

Yroprn:HHH,

HKi .lKHJIH )J,aJieKO He B 3rO)J,i.

Bin-

cyTHqKH Ha rrorparrnqqi IIOCTiHHO CTaBaJIH rrpe)J,MeTOM )J,HIIJIOrreperoBopiB.

<J>eo)J,aJia,

raJIHllhKe

ceJIHHCTBO,

3YIIHHHJIOCH rra rrorparrnqqi,

yTiKaroqn

3-IIi)J, rrriTy

B ripchKHX ceJiax II o-

nyKOBHHH i 3aKaprraTTH. BTiKaqi rroceJIHJIHCH Ha rrpaBax BOJii

266

BoJtoiJuMup

CB060)J,H

OCeJii

,Ha

TaKHH ypH)J,

TOMY

CHpOMY

pyx

Och

MaJIH

OKOJIHQi

,KJiwqeBa 6yJIO

50-60-x

KH,

HOBHX

KOIO

rroqaJIO

raJinqa,

KMeTi

YrpHHiB

,Bi)J,

HoBHQH

JlOMHHQH CHpOMY HoBe

3eMJIHX

)],BOX

iJ,y6poBi

KOpeHi,

CeJii

HKa

poKiB Ha)J,

,rroqaJio

Ha)J,

MiM

JiiCaMH

TOMY

€

KMeTi

OCiJIH

3aceJIIOBaTHCH

YrpHHiB

poKiB

CHpOMY Ha)J,

,Bi)J,

rrpn

pi-

)],BOX Bi)J,

TOMY

OCiJIH

JlyKBOIO",

ceJio

cTapoMy

)J,Ba CeJIO ceJii

,He6yBaJio

IIOTOKOM

BHHHKJIO

IIiBMHJii

pOKH

BOJIOChKOMY 1554

cyqacHH-

,Ha

JlyKBOIO,

3aceJIIOBaTHCH

Ha)J,

CeJIHHH

)J,e

3aCHOBaHe

piKOIO

Eepe3HHrrew", 3aCeJieHe

ceJia,

CBi)J,qHJIH

qoTHpH

Ha)J,

IIpHKOp)J,OHHi

Jiicax",

ceJio

3aCeJIIOBaTHCH

rroqaJio

piKoiO

piKOIO

,TOMY

raJIHQhKi

IIOJihChKO-

CTapOCTBi

,I(eJieBa

,Uy6iBrri",

Jiici

JlyKBaHH

6yJia

Hill

,rroqaJIO

poKiB )J,eCHTh

CeJio

ceJia

KopoJieM

HKOIO

IIOBHHHOCTeH.

llOJIOHHHax",

)J,OIIOMOrTH

HaiipHKJia)J,,

raJIHQhKOMY

,ceJIO

IIIJIHXeTChKHH

3aXO)J,H

ripcLKi

3aCeJieHHH,

JIIOCTpaTopa,

IIOJIHHi,

BTiKaJIH

porri,

)J,aJieKi

HOBi

OKOJIHIJj. mo

rroJihChKHM

Ha piiiiyqi

c)>eo)J,aJihHHX

,Ha

MiM

YMOBa,

1612

CTOJiiTTH

MiCTO.

PoTHHH

KOpeHi",

BaMKHX

3aCeJIIOBaTHCH

ceJIO

CHpOMY

3eMJii.

llOJISIX",

)J,aHHMH

,I(HicTpoM

poKiB

O)J,He

,Ha

Bi,l1,6yBaJIOCb

KOpeHi".

XVI

poKax

ciJI

HOBi

rOCIIO)J,apH

BCe-TaKH

KocMaq",

iHIIIHX

poKy

CKJia)J,eHa

CeJIHHH

3aKJia)J,aJIH

aKTHBhyBaBcn,

He3BaMaiOqH

raJIHQhKOI

IIpOCTO

OCBOIOBaJIH

1547

6yJia

ypH)J,iB,

a6o

MOJI)J,aBChKOrO

JIHCTorra)J,a

BH)J,aHi.

yTiKaJIH

IIaHIII:HHH

BiciM

T06TO

IIpOCHTH

6yTH

Ma€TKY

HacTiJihKH

rOCIIO)J,apeM

MOJI)J,aBChKOrO

ripChKi

iHIIIOMY

KOpeHi",

6yB

qoMy

MOJI)J,aBChKHM

BTiKaqi

ceJIHH-BTiKaqiB

3MyiiieHHH

QhOMy. i

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

rrpaBi",

Ha)J,

a6o

JlOMHHQeiO

piKoiO

MiCTeqKo Jinrrow".

HEIIOKOPA CEJUIH TPIIBA€ ~·

wqi

i)J,

rrepe)J,

cJ>eo)J,aJiaMH,

cJ> opM

orropy,

cJ>eo)J,aJILHi

XVII

rroJIOBHHi cJ>eo)J,aJiaM 3aXO)J,H.

cKapr

cToJiiTTH

3MeHIIIeHHHM

Ha CeHMHKY y

KpirraKH

rrepe)J,yciM

rroBHHHOCTi.

14 rpyiJ,HH

1634

BHIIIHi,

rrepiiiHX

U:n

Ha6paJia

CeJIHH

rrepeXO)J,HJIH )1,0

Bi)J,MOBH

HerroKopa

illJIHXTa

cJ>eo)J,aJIH

III:O

6iJihiii

3MyiiieHa

3pOCTarrepiiiiil

3arpoMyBaJia 6yJia

BO€BO)J,CTBa,

,XJIOIIH,

ce6e

aKTHBHHX

XVI -

po3Maxy

PycLKoro

IIOBi)J,OMJIHJIH ceifMy,

)1,0

3aXHCTHTH

BHKOHyBaTH

ceJIHH

3HaqHoro

l x )J,OXO)J,iB. poKy

crrpo6

B2KIIBaTII

~6paHi

36yHTyBaBIIIHCh,

ImocmpoeaHa He

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

XOTHTh )J,ep.lKaBIIHM

ceJIHHH

3)J,aBaTH

3YCTpiqaJIH

267

ToM

IIOBHHHOCTi".

orropoM,

HKHH

BcHKi Ha)J,y.lKHTTH IIIJIHX-

)J,eKOJIH

Ha6yBaB

3arpo3JIHBoro

xapaKTepy. HaBe)J,eMo O)J,HH 3 HCKpaBnx rrpHKJia)J,iB HerroKopn ceJIHH B YrpoBHHi pou;i.

,Uy6iBIIHX

CeJia

6yJIH

MarHaTa

qac

IIHX

ciJI

CeJIHH

.lK

Bi)J,po6iTKH,

TphOX

ciJI

BOHH

HaHOCHJIH 0cTaHHi

.lKeHHH

Koro.

HO'IaCHO

oy)J,C

WII1Vi

C B 0 IO

JiyKaX

rrpo

BoHH

HOBi

Jia-

IIaHOBi".

IIpHMYIIIYBaB

opeH)J,api

BeCh

36iJihiiiyBaJIH

BHKOHyBaTH ciHoKociB,

BCH-

,He

BCHKi

KpirraKH

XOTiJIH

KOJioccn,

6yTH

qopHiB

IIaHChKHX

JiaHaX

CTapOCTHHChKOMY CeJIHH.

CKJia)J,i

o6cTe-

reHepaJia

MpoXOBChKOro i

ypH)J,OBi,

YpH)J, )J,JIH

KOpOHHOrO

rpyiiiellhKOro

3a6'eu;h-

164 6

poKy

IIaHChKHH

)J,Bip

BepeCHH

3aKJIHKaB

OIIOpi,

paHiiiie -

,)J,JIH

BCTaHOBHJIH Bi)J,rroBiJia

BHKoHyBaTH

III06 3ri)J,HO 3

qoro HKHH

piiiiyqe

IIaHIIIHHH,

rrpnMycnTH

rpyiiiellhKOMY

qepe3

rpoMa)J,a

TaKOI

,HaKa3aJIH",

IIOBCTaJIHX,

TBep)J,o,

CBOMY

HKHM

IIaHIIIHHY,

HeiiOCJIYX

Bi)J,)J,aBaJIH IIaHy

CTaJIOCH".

HKY

•• Mn

IIOCJIYX

BHIIaCaJIH

opeH)J,apHMH

CBO€MY

BHKOHyBaTH

rri)J,)J,aHi

BncnrraBcH

rrpnqnHH I I orropy

(ceJIHHH)

IIpH

)J,oroBopoM,

Ma€TKH.

IIIJIHXTOIO

3aiiHTyBaJIH

rpyiiiellhKOMy,

.lKHHB

IIOCKap.lKHJIHCH

KOMiciiO

CKapry

BHBi)J,aTH

MarHaT rrepe)J,aB

opeH)J,apHM.

Ma€TKY

IIOBHHHOCTi.

TaKy, n

rropa

xJii6

qac

rraHIIIHHy.

rypHillhKOro, IIIJIHXTHqiB M.

a6n

iamiiiHIJIIICb Jilii.lK.lKi,

Xy)J,o6y IIIKO)J,H

BH)J,iJIHB

yHiBepcaJIOM

M "

BHIIIe3ra)J,aHi

cj:ID,IJ,aJihHi

JiiTo,

TOll

Bi)J,MOBHJIHCH

BHXO)J,HTH

BJiaCHHKa

Jii03HHH i poMa)J,y,

Ba.lKKY

IIIO

Taro,

Toro

IIOBHHHOCTi,

IIHM

Ha)J,iHIIIJIO

3a6HJIH TpHBOry,

ill.

MaeTKaMn,

IIOBHHHOCTi.

Bi)J,MOBHJIHCH

KoMicapn

rrpn6yJIH

1646

yrrpaBJIHB

yHiBepcaJI,

HOpMH

Eepe30BHlli,

cTaJiacn Ha

piK )J,O

Bi)J,)J,aBaTH

MaJio

Ille

IIO)J,iH

110 iHoro

qncJii

IIIO

Bi)J,OMOrO

3ri)J,HO

BH)J,aB

lj>eo)J,aJihHi

TOMY

BeJIHKOI

IIOBi)J,OMHJIH

IIIJIHXTHqaM

IIOCTiHHO

rroro)J,HJIHCH

rrocJiyiiiHHMn" rHHB,

opeH)J,Y

Ma€TKY

Bci

KoJIH

oco6ncTo

opeH)J,Y.

,cTapOBHHHi"

Bi)J,po6iTKH. BCiX

rroBiTy,

BOJIO)J,iHHi

Cepe6pnHChKOMy. 6yJIH

BHKOHyBaTH

BiH

qacy

BJiaCHHK

rropyiiiyBaJIH

CeJIHHH

Bi)J,

,IIOBHHHi

TOrO

qac

IIpHBaTHOMY

,)J,i)J,HqHi )J,06pa"

raHOBChKOMY

,Uo

3aMOHChKoro.

rrepe)J,aBaB IX CBOI

Tepe6oBJIHHChKoro

HKY

BOHH TaK

3aHBHJia

,IIOCJiyx", )1,0

peBi30pH

rpoMa)J,a,

IIi)],

llhOrO

6araTO KOMicii,

BCTaHOBHJIH qac

Bci

KOHTpaKTOM i i

0)1,qacy

IIIKO)J,H IIIO

BOHa

opeH)J,api,

o6cTe.lKeHHH

xoq 6n HaM IIIHI' MaJIH

BoJtoiJuMup

268 IIOBTHHaTH,

6y)J,eMO

,I(pBaJIOBChKOMY qnHChKHH 3

o;Loro

BH)J,Ho,

36iJihiiieHHH

HhOrO HKY

1:110

po6nJin,

llaHID:HHH

HOpMy.

o;iaJihHHH

u;eil

qac

)J,OrOBOpy,

CaM

yHiBepcaJI, 3ri)J,HO

3a 3

HKY

llpHIIHCaJIH

6yB

6yJIH

iHIIIi

Ma€TKY

KOHTpaKTOM,

TaKy

6yB

,I(pBa-

llaHID:HHy,

rn:o,

KpiM

)J,aTH

Clle-

,BHKOHyBaTH

,llpHTHCHYB"

llpOTH

11opyiiiHJIH

aKTHBHHMH,

Ci-

BTpyqaJIHCH

opeH)J,api

3MyiiieHHH

306oB'H3yBaB

11aHH

llaHa

KOJIH

BCTaHOBHJIH

qacoM

HacTiJihKH

BJiaCHHK

HKOrOCh

aKTHBHHil,

HKi

HaM

llaHy

cTapocTn".

llpoTecTyBaJIH

opeH)J,yBaHHH

AJie

HKHM

HKY He6bKqHKOBi

MHHYJIOMY

3aMOHChKOro,

ceJIHH

TaKOI,

KaJiycLKoro

llpoTecT

11oro)J,HJIHCH.

BncTylln

opeH)J,apHM

TaKy,

peBi3opn

ceJIHHH

rn:e

Jl.

peBi30pH KpillaKH

opeH)J,HOrO

rn:o

HalleBHo,

llaHID:HHH

TiJihKH

MopoxoBChKHil,

JIOBChKoro.

po6HTH

Fpa 6oeeu, bKU i1

)J,O

IIOCJiyx"

BHKOHaHHH

IIOBHHHOCTeH. IIicJIH Kparn:oro TH"

BHIXaB

TiJihKH 3epHa B Ha

po3MOBH

IIOJie.

KOJIOCi",

130

BHIIaJia

)J,Bopi

MHTO, BHIIaJIO,

Kill

IIOJIOBHHa

B03HHH

llaHOBi

CTBep)J,HB,

MaJIH

3eMJIIO.

3aB)J,aHHX

Ta H

JiaHi

36opy"

ceJIHHaMH

BiH

BepeCHH

i1,pyroMy

BHIIaJia

o6cTeMeHHH

36HTKiB

Io:O

aJie a

nqMeHIO

IIIJIHXTOIO

,qepe3

,I(y6iBIIHX

HhOMY

,11oropiJio",

JiaHi

BHacJii)J,oK

3epHa,

TOrO

)1,0

BHHBHJia,

qacTHHa JIH

IIOKOCaX,

6araTo y

ciHa

TpeThOMY

HOrO

IIicJIH

CeJii.

opeH)J,apHM

,ceJIHHChKHX CeJIHH

6yB

o6epHeHe".

BHaCJii)J,OK

CKJiaB

BiH

Io:O

aKT,

IIi

ToM

,6yHTaMn",

rpeqKn

cJiyxaB

IIIKO)J,H

6yJia

qepe3

3HHID:e-

Tepe6oBJIHHllpHqHHH

ciJI". IX

CeJIHH

HeCBoeqacHHH

CTaJIHCH

iMeHyBaB

36opy".

eKCIIJiyaTao;iiO

rpyHTiB

llopa)J,n,

)J,O

i1,pyra

BHHBHJIOCH

IIOKa3aB

BHID:eBKa3aHnx

BHIIa)J,KOBO

,OIIOpoM"

3aHic

TaM

,JieMa-

KapTHHa

,HeCBOeqacHoro

)1,3epKaJii

opeH)J,OBaHHX

XY)J,060IO.

3MaTa",

JiaHH

TaKa M

Ha)J,MipHy

,BeJIHKi

lli)J,)J,aHnx

MaeTKY

CHOIIaX. KOJioccn

Eepe30BHIIIO i

BHIIaCeHHH".

HKHH

KpHBOMY

6yHTY

260

Ha llaHChKHX JiaHaX BHHBHJIOCH

36iMMH

6yHTiB".

)J,yMe

3aJIHIIIHJIOCH

,HecBoeqacHoro

,lli3HO ,I(Ba

Hirn:o

3aTyiiioByBaB

Bi)J,3HaqaB, po)J,y

MHTa

11oqopHiJia".

O)J,HH

B03HHH

BHCTylliB,

pi3Horo

KHHr.

HecTepiiHOI 3JIOcTi

poTL6y

Kill

Hporo

IIHIO,

3araJIOM

10 00

o6cTeMeHHH

opeH)J,apHMH,

Ha pyKy

KOTpHX

rpO)J,ChKHX

CeJIHHChKHX

36ip

IIOJIOBHHa

Ha IIOKocax

6JIH3hKO

ChKHX

Io:O

,3aJIHIIIHJiach

JiaHi

BHTOIITaHa

IIicJIH Toro KOMicin IIO)J,aJiacn Ha llaHChKi JiaHH B TaKOM

llepiiiOMY

IIOJIOBHHa

TpeThOMY

MeToiO 6yH-

,MaJIO

OCTaHH€ IIOB 'H3aJIH

XJIOIIChKi

BHaCJii)J,OK

Bo3HHH )J,iHB

cJiiB )J,aBaB

o11nc

cllpaBe)J,JIHBY

6o-

,HeCTpHMaHOIO

3JiiCTIO".

ImocmpoeaHa JIKID:O TeJiiB

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

KOpOJiiBChKHX

KOpOJih

,rJieii:TiB",

xoq

,JIHCTiB"

BHpiiiiyBaJIOCH

CTaHoBnrn:e

peMicnnKiB cToJiiTTHX

ceJIHH

rrpoTH

CeJIHH

rrparriOBaJIO

JIHCH Ta

MarnaTa

qanax i

llhOrO

IIoTOllhKoro

)J,epeBoo6po6Ka.

po6iTHHKH 6yJIH

Ba.lKKHMH

6y)J,h-HKHH

qac

3)J,aBaJIH

)J,JIH

JlhBiB.

(OHTY,

B.lKe

BCe

MOBH

rrpo

CJIY.lKHTH

6araTo

OKOJIHIIHX

rrpoMHCJiax

rn:e

Bi)J,MOBJIH-

OITHpaJIHCH,

Io:O

pe€CTp

IIIJIHX-

Me.lKnpiqqi

6yJIH

TaK

ciJIJIIO BOHH

3BaHi

COJieBa-

60H)J,apHX,

po60TH

ITOB03H,

ITJiaTHJIH Ha

Eoropo)J,-

AJie

ITJiaTHIO,

Ba.lKKi

6oqKaMH

rrpo)J,aBaJia

6yJIH

ceJIHHax.

6y)J,h-HKY

Ma€TKiB

JinxiBrrHx,

HaHMaHHX

3aJie.lKHHX

HKOrOCh

HHM

rOCITO)J,apCTB

BOHH

xoq

BHTpaT

Eoropo)J,qanax,

CTapyni.

TOrO,

roBopHJIH, ripChKHX

BHOpeH)J,yBaHHH

BHKOHyBaTH )J,OCHTh

IIIJIHXTa

ToMy

peMicnnKiB

rrpoTeCTyBaJIH,

BITepTO

qac

~eo)J,aJihHO

rrpn6yTKaMH

TpHMaJIHCH

6yJIH

KpiM

HKY

Ba.lKKHM.

IIIJIHXeTChKHX

CeJIHH

3MyiiieHi

)J,y.lKe

COJieBapHHX

Me.lKnpiqqi,

OTpHMyBaJIH

6e3ITJiaTHO

6yTH

rrpoTecTy

TaK

ITi)J,

LK.ypaKax

pi3HHX

IX.

MO.lKe

)J,OXO)J,OM

HaHMaHi

)J,Opory

po60TH

rrpnMyiiiyBaTH

3MyiiieHi BapHHX.

eKcrrJiyaTarril.

6yJio

qepeMHHKax

MOrJIO

rno6H-

Ma€TKaX

crrpo6a

0cTaHHi

HnBoqnni,

KOBaJIHX,

nnx

rroroni

OCHOBHHM

p~HH

IIIJIHXeTChKHX

KyxapChKOrO

Ca)J,.lKaBi,

ceJIHH

CeJIHH.

lli)J,TBep)J,.lKeHHHM IIIJIHXTHqa

rraHChKi

CBOIX

BH)J,aHHH

raJIHllhKiH 3eMJii p03BHBaJIHCH H rrpOMHCJIH.

CHJIOIO

TipHBaTHHX

ITOBHHHOCTi

BHKOHyBaTH

6onJiacn

TOMY

CeJIHH IIIJIHXOM

BHMOr.

BJiaCHHKH

36iJihiiiyBaJIH

crrocTepiraeThCH

na)J,Mipnoi

IIpnKaprraTTH. H

CKaprH

3aXHCTY

~eO)J,aJiaMH,

CeJIHHChKHX

RK 6yJio CKa3aHO paHiiiie, B

XYI-XYII

BHrJIH)J, IX

,yHiBepcaJiiB",

CaMHMH

3a)J,OBOJieHHH

Ma€TKaX

po6HB

269

ToM

CeJIHHH

Ha COJie-

KOJIH

BHpyiiiaTH

rpOIIIOBi

BHyTpiiiiHiX

HKID:O

BOHH

)J,aJieKy

ITOBHHHOCTi, i

30BHiiiiHiX

pHHKaX. B

40-x

TOllhKoro

poKax

)J,OXO)J,aMH

JIH.

Open)J,ap

)J;BOX

ITMi11 JIK

jjj "jVj

BiH

Bin

noMy

peqi, BH)J,HO

cToJiiTTH

IIIJIHXTnq

ITOCHJIHB

cKap.lKHBCH,

poKiB"

rroBepnyJIH

XVII

open)J,yBaB

BTpaTHB 564

rrpnBaTni

rHiT

Ha)J,

rn:o

CKaprH po60TH

opeH)J,apH, ,KOJIH

rroroni BOHH

,He)J,o6pani

3JIOTHX

)J,OXO)J,Y.

CeJIHHH

XOTiJIH",

IIo-

BeJIHKH-

3aiTpOTeCTyBa-

qnniiii

16400 ,KyiTHHX i

CaMi

MarnaTa

,rro3nqennx )J,OBriB"

He)J,O)J,aJIH opeH)J,apiO

rraiTChKi

CeJIHHaMH

qepe3

164 0

3JIOTHX

MaeTKH

KyxapchKHH.

rn:e ciJIL,

rrpoTnroM ceJIHHH 36i.lK.lKH

ne n

qnHIIIOBHX (OHTiB".

CJiyXaJIH IIHM

HOrO i

BHKOHy-

BHCJIOBJIIOBaJIH

270

BoJtoiJuMup

cBiil

npoTecT.

opeH)J,ap Te

BiH

CeJHIHH

CMiB CHJIOIO

3MyllleHHH

BHTpaTHB

Bi)J,CTOIOBaJIH

6yB

u;e

3MYCHTH IX,

BHHaHMaTH

noHa)J,

cBol

TaK

BnepTo,

60HBCH 3a CBO€ lKHTTH.

JIIO)J,eH

THCHqi

npaBa

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

BHB03HTH

U: e,

3JIOTHX.

ciJih

BH)J,HO,

rn:o

qepe3

)1,0

JlbBOBa,

6yB

KpaiiHiH

3axi11,. 3ycTpiqaJIHCH

TnpqaHH HOrO

pou;i

KiJihKOCTi

200

raJIHllhKOrO

MoJIO)J,KiB. TO

BHna)J,KH

Y 1628

coJieBapeHh.

qoJIOBiK

CTapOCTy,

CeJIHHH,

11,o6pe

36pOHHOI

6opOTh6H

, "rpoMa)J,a xJioniB"

HKHH

6paJia

npnroToBaHHMH...

6HJIH,

CeJIHH

COJIHHi

BJiaCHHKaMH ceJia MoHac-

Hana)J,i 6aHi"

,3 KHHMH,

TOBKJIH,

ripcLKoro

yqaCTh

,IXaB Ha

3aciBIIIH Ha 11,opo3i,

noBipe-

MapKOBY

KaMiHHHMH,

JIHIIIe

BMe

no)J,o6aJiocL,

naHa". IIpoTH CeJIHHH, HHKH,

1637

pou;i

CTaJIO

I I eperiHChKY po)J,y

BH)J,HO

llhOMY

KoqyBaJIH B

3YCTpiqaeMo

Bi)J,OMO,

6paJio

36p0€10,

BMiJiy

B OHH

BM e

UJ:O

400

yqacTh

nOBCIO)J,H,

JIIO)J,eil

HKY

3aMOK

qacTHHa

3BapnqiB

BH)J,iJIHJiach

rpynoro

KoqyBaJia

BKJIIOqaJIHCH

onncy

noJIOBHHi

,3BapnqiB".

MarHaTa

,3BapnqiB

3aCTOCOByBaJIH

JIHIIIe peMiC-

COJieBapHHX

nep111iil

BHcTynn

raKiBIIHMH.

TaKTHKY,

HaBiTh

XVI -

aKTax

KBaJiilj>iKOBaHi

Bi)J,XO)J,HJIH

KiHu;i

HaCTyni

rapMaTaMH,

npoTecTyBaJIH

aJie

onpHIIIKiB" 3)J,06yTTH

onpHIIIKH

naJia6aHa

3aM-

3Bapnqi

HacTyni.

RKrn:o BeJIHKOIO IIIJIHXTH,

lj>eo)J,aJiaM. pou;i.

,3Bapnqi".

6opoTL6y.

qacTo

rHiTy

COJieBapHi,

nolllyKaX po60TH

cToJiiTh

pi3Horo KY

qepry

aHTHij>eo)J,aJILHY

XVII B

<J>eo)J,aJILHoro

o6cJiyroByBaJIH

nep111y

u;eHTpiB B

HapocTaHHH

HKi

To11,i

npn6yB 3BapnqiB

)1,0

iHIIIa

rpyna

JlcKpaBHM MynHHK

IIHX

BHHBHBCH

npo)J,aBaTH

MaH)J,aTOM

)J,epMaBi

cBolx

peMiCHHKiB H

ciJih

coJieBapeHh 36poi1Ho

MiCIIHX

onip )J,OJIHHChKHX

npHKapnaTChKHX

,UoJIHHH

IIpnKapnaTTIO,

COJieBapeHh

KOpOJIH, no

a6H

B)J,pyre

)J,JIH

npoTH

qHHHJia

3BapnqiB i3

3MYCHTH

HeBHri)J,HiH

)J,OCHTh

)J,iHJia

onip

1567

KOMiCi€10

BOJIHHChKHX

HHX

lliHi.

CEJUIHH EEPYTbC51 3A 3EPOIO KiHIIH

XVI -

noqaTKY

XVII

cToJiiTh

ChKi 36pOHHi BHCTynH,

60 JIIO)J,H

CKapraMH

Bi)J,

BTeqaMH

aKTHBhyBaJIHCH

nepeKOHaJIHCh,

lj>eo)J,aJiiB

ceJIHH-

UJ:O npOCTHMH

3MOlKYTh

noJieriiiHTH

lfllocmpoeaHa CBOrO

icmopi5l

CTaHOBHrn;a.

IlpuKapnammR. IlOIIITOBXOM

ToM

)1,0

271

aHTH<!Jeo)J,aJILHOI

ceJIRHCLKO-K03aU:LKi BiHHH na YKpalni rri)J, rrpoBO)J,OM

HaJIHBaHKa.

6yJIH

KocnncLKoro

illJIRXTa raJIHU:hKOI 3eMJii TpHBO)KHJiaCL U:HMH ceJIRH-

ChKO-K03aU:LKHMH pyxaMH i <J>opTen:i, KpirrocTi i B

6opOTL6H K.

BHMaraJia Bi)J, CeHMY Ta KOpOJIR 3MiU:HIOBaTH

3aMKH.

rrepiiiy qepry aKTHBi3yBaJIHCR ceJIRHH Tepe6oBJIRHCLKoro rroBiTy.

Bonn rrepeHIIIJIH )J,O 6iJILIII piiiiyqol 6opoTL6n 3 rno6nTeJIRMH, IIaJIHTH IIaHCLKi Ma€TKH, KyBaTH ll B Ma€TKax,

cTaJIH

<!Ji3nqno p03IIpaBJIRTHCR i3 IIIJIRXTOIO,

na IIIJIRxax Torn;o.

aTa-

1587 pou:i B3RJIHCR 3a

36poro XJii6opo6n ceJia CeMenoBa.

CTaJiocR u:e TaK. RKHHCL IIIJIRX-

Tnq

ryMeHU:R,

HoiiiOBChKHH,

BJiaCHHK

CeJia

36p0€10 IIpOl)K)J,)KaB i3 CHHOM i qnKiB.

illJIRXTHq 3BepnyBCR )1,0 ceJIRH,

AJie Ti ne JIHIIIe ,Bci

CHJIOIO

IIHIIIHiH

O)J,e)Ki

KHHYJIHCR"

aJie,

rrana

O)J,HOrO i3 CJiyr 3aXOIIHJIH i3 36p0€10,

RK 3arrncano B aKTax,

HOrO

II06HJIH IX,

aHTH<!Jeo)J,aJILHHH

6opOTL6H -

BHKOHyBaTH <!Jeo)J,aJILHi IIOBHHHOCTi -

CJiyr,

3a6paJIH B HHX 6araTO peqelf.

JIK n:e B)Ke IIi)J,KpeCJIIOBaJIOCR paHiiiie, JIRH HapOCTaB Bi)J, HH)KqHX <!JopM

CKapr, BTeq,

qacTHHOIO

EyKaqiBeU:L

orrip ceBi)J,MOBH

)1,0 BHID:HX i HaBiTh )1,0 36poH-

HOrO BHCTyrry. ,UJIR rrpHKJia)J,y Bi3LMeMo EyKaqiBCLKHH KJIIOq. pou:i

,rn;o6 HOMY BKa3aJIH )J,Opory".

rroKa3aJIH )J,oporn,

paiiTOBO

CJiyraMH qepe3 CeMeHiB )1,0 Ili)J,raH-

rrpaBax

opeH)J,H

rrpaBHB

15 9 4

IIIJIRXTnq

KocaKOBCLKHH. Bin *OPCTOKO rroBO)J,HBCR B open)J,oBanoMy Ma€TKy, II TOMY

IIpOTH

cenSIH~

HhOrO

BHCTYIIHJIH

cyci)J,HhOro

qarpoBa.

Mirn;aHH CaM

U:LOrO

HaCeJieHoro

IIYHKTY

open)J,ap CKap)KHBCR rrepe)J, rpo)J,-

ChKHM ypR)J,OM B raJinqi i IIOKa3yBaB pe€CTp 36HTKiB, RKHX BiH 3a3HaB Mpe3

nerrocJiyiiinicTL

rri)J,)J,annx.

AJie

U:HM

3a)J,OBOJILHHJIHCL

eK-

crrJiyaToBani i )J,iRJIH 6iJILIII eneprinno. B rrancLKiH cKap3i 3naqnJiocR, rn:o )J,eRKi ceJIRHH 3 qarpoBa ,na ropJio Bi)J,IIOBi)J,aJin", To6To rrorpo-

vu."in~

, .~Ki

B6HBCTBOM,

paMH...

IHKOJIH

iii

U:naMII

a Mirn;ann

EyKaqiBeU:L

rrociKJIH

rrancLKHX

cJiyr,

IIOKa3yBaJIH 3rO)J,OM KOMicil 3 raJIHU:hKOrO rpo)J,y".

ceJIRHH

B6nBaJIH nenaBncny IIIJIRXTY na IIIJIRxax.

1598 pon:i IIaH €.

rnaTOBChKHH

3acTinoqe i ,UoporoBOM.

HarrpnK-

6yB y6HTHH Ha )J,Op03i Mi)K

3arri)J,o3pHJIH B U:LOMY ,po6iTnoro"

0HIIIIIKa CeMenoBnqa i3 3acTinoqa. OcTannin rrpH3HaBcR, rn:o B6HB y

Hi i

IIIJI5IXCTChKOro

rrpoKoJioB" m rrixToiO

BORKy,

XapaKTepHo,

crroqaTKY paHHB,

a IIOTiM

,IIITHXOM ropJIO

TaK po3rrpaBJIRJIHCR ceJIRHH ne JIHIIIe 3

i opeH!1,ap5IMII, ane ii 3 CBOIMH ceJIRHaMn-6araTiRMH, RKi ne

272

BoJtoiJuMup

3aca!lbHe

onOfl'teHH5l

UJ!l5lxmu

XyiJOJ1CHUK

MeHIIIe

eKCIIJiyaTyBaJIH

cepe)J,OBHilli illJIHXTa JIHTOI

CeJIHH

raJIHllhKOI

6oHJIHCh

qeHHH

rra

CBOI

IIIJIHXTa

Y 1607-1608 IIOBCTaJii rraHiB 6yB

KH,

3B'H3KY

JIIO)J,eH, IIIO

BOHH u;iei

IIpHqHHH rra

pyXH

IIHM Ha

ypH)J, HKiH

HKi BOHH

po36HBaJIH

MaeTKiB,

TpaBHH

raJIHllhKOI 6y JIO

IIIO

1587

poKy

B6HBaJIH 3eMJii

CBOIX

3MyiiieHHH p03p06HTH

1608

poKy

CeHMHK.

He6e3IIeKH

3HHIIIYBaJIH

3rypTOBYIOThCH.

OIIOJI-

ceJIHHCTBO

aKTHBi3yBaJIHCh,

BepeCHH

raJIHqi

IlocrroB

BapiiiaBH.

BHpiiiieHO

36iJihiiieHHH i

)J,O

Ma€TKH,

CeJIHH.

Peqi

Ha)J,3BHqaftHO

3rpoMa)J,HJIOCH

Bi)J,3HaqaJIOCH

Te,

Bi)J,rrpaBJIHJIHCH

eJieKu;iro

IIIJIHXeTChKi 3

rrpo

iHIIIHX rrpoBirru;iil

Bn6yBaJIH

lxaTH

Hapa)J,y,

,JIH£1apCTBO"

CBi)J,qHTh

Hepa)J,O

rrepe)J, HaCTYIIOM

u;iei Hapa)J,H

JII03HHX

TOMY

CeJIHHChKi

CKJIHKaTH

rOBOpHJIOCH,

3HHIIIYBaJIH

CaMoo6opOHH

IIOCTaHOBi

KOJIH

BHCTYIIH.

poKaX

opeH)J,apiB.

IIIJIHXeTChKe

BiJIJIH

Eo,

FaJtulfeM.

IIpOTHpiqqn.

<J>eo)J,aJIH

Ma€TKH,

Bi)J,MOBHJiacn

MaCOBO

IIOCIIiiiiHO

3aXO)J,H

3eMJii,

CBOI

rrapa)J,H.

aKTHBi3yBaJIO raJIHllhKa

U:e

cou;iaJihHi

niiJ

ramaJteBUlf

O)J,HOCeJihlliB.

pOCJIH

3eMJti

Fa!lUU,bKOf

MupocJtaB

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

Bi)J,

IIIJIHXeTChKi

CHJI

Ma€T-

ImocmpoeaHa Y

icmopi5l

Bi)J,IIOBi)J,h

raJIHU:LKa

Ilo)J,iJILCLKoro Half6iJILIII pyxy.

IlpuKapnammR. IIIJIRXTa

BO€BO)J,CTBa

)KOpCTOKHMH

illJIRXOM

ToM

273

BHpiiiiHJia

KiHU:R

XVI

3aCTOCyBaTH

cToJiiTTR,

3aXO)J,aMH IlpH)J,YIIIHTH

perrpeciH

KapaJILHHM

IIOCTaHOBY

MeToiO

RKOI

3aroHaM

CY)J,OBHM

iHCTaHU:iRM

)1,03BOJIRJIOCR IlpH)J,yiiiyBaTH HaHMeHIIIi IlpORBH HeiiOKOpH CeJIRH. yBary

<!Jeo)J,aJIH

JII03HHX

3BepTaJIH

JIIO)J,eH,

IIOBCTaJIHMH,

HaMaraJIHCR

IlpHMyiiiyBaJIH

JIH 3aMiiiiaHHX B

p030peHi He

MaCH

CeJIRH,

)J,OIIYCTHTH

IIi)J,)J,aHHX

aHTH<!Jeo)J,aJILHiH

6yJio

HapOCTaHHR CeJIRHChKOrO

IlHJILHY

TaK

CIIiJIKyBaHHR

BHRBJIRTH

6opOTL6i,

3BaHHX

CeJIRH

He3a)J,OBOJieHHX,

JIOBH-

IIOCIIiiiiHO CY)J,HJIH i

CTpa-

qyBaJIH IX. raJIHU:LKa ypR)J,y,

IIIJIRXTa

IIOCKiJILKH

IlOCIIOJIHTiH, TH

TH,

3BepHyJiaCR i

BJIO)J,HKa,

JIIO)J,eH".

III06

BoRa H

Ha)J,aBIIIH

MacoBa

IlpOCHJia

KapaJILHHMH

He06Me)KeHi

6opoTL6a

6yB

BHCyBaiOThCR rHaT

BncoqaH

CHH

COU:iaJILHHM

IIOXO)J,)KeHHRM.

a6o

CJii)J,

iaroHaMH

XMeJILHHU:LKoro,

1010

6aTLKO,

lJKcHi

aKTH.

IIOXO)J,)KeHHR

BoceHH

MiCU:eBoro

0)J,HaK

rrepiiiO)J,)KepeJia,

rop)J,liH,

5lK

'-1\ rriK

Hi H

6iJILIIIe,

poKy 3

iHIIIi

XTo

KOpOJIHK,

rroKa3ye,

rhC5I

IIIO

BiH

)J,eRKi

0)J,Hi

)J,OCJii)J,HHKH,

IIIO

HOrO

HHX

3B'R3aHHH

ceJia

IIIO

BncoqaHa

TOrO-

COU:iaJILHOrO qn

Jlo3HHCLKHH, -

CeMeH

K03aU:LKHMH

BKa3yiOTh

IIIJIRXTHq

3aMOBqy-

IIIO

CeMeH,

IIHTaHHi

ceJIRHHH?

crrnparoqncL

,ceJIRHHH 6araTHH

3 CTapOCTHHChKOI BJia)J,H B

ceJIRHHHa, MaC.

IIIO

IlpRMO B

OKOJIHIIIO

IIOBCTaJIHX

6aTLKO

iCTOpHKH

)J,YMKY,

rHaT BncoqaH

U:iJiy

BBa)KaJIH,

BncoqaH -

rrpocToro

Ha3BaBIIIH

iMeHaMH

Ha)J,)J,HirrpRHIIIHHH 3

p03XO)J,RThCR

rHaT

TpHMa€

KepiBHHKH

IIOBCTa-

cepe)],

IIOBCTaHHi Tpy)J,RIIIHX MaC

6yJIH

Bi)J,CTOIOIOTL

raJIHU:LKoro

TBep)J,HB,

Harrepe)J,O)J,Hi

cepe)J,OBHIIIa

IXHiMH

RKHH )KHBe RK IIIJIRXTHq, CMi€ThCR

MaJIHH

.\illjj

KHM

IIOXO)J,)KeHHR,

BncoqaHiB.

Bi)J,OMHH )J,OCJii)J,HHK H.i

THM

IIOrJIR)J,H

,cBaBiJILHHX

IlpHKaprraTTi.

164 9

rrpn6yB

Peqi

CTapoc-

IIi)], IlpOBO)J,OM CTapoc-

po3ropHyJiacn

rrepeKpyqyiOTh.

HncoqaH

BCiH

HaHIIOMiTHiiiiHMH

CeMeH.

3'RcyBaTH,

HaBMHCHe

rrpH)J,YIIIHB

poKiB.

CeMeHa BncoqaHa y

KpaiO,

n:e

ceJIRH

1648-1654

Ta noro pyx

U:eHTpaJILHOrO

IIOBHOBa)KeHHR.

KepiBHHKH.

raJIHU:hKOrO

IOTh

3aroHaMH

raJIHU:LKHX

III,o6 3p03yMiTH pOJih

Bi)J,

3arpo)KyBaJia

OIIOJiqeHHR

BH)J,aTHi

HapO)J,HO-BH3BOJihHHH

)J,OIIOMOrH

)J,YMKY,

)1,0 KOJIOMHHChKOrO Ta raJIHU:hKOrO

HapO)J,HO-BH3BOJihHOI BiHHH JIHX

opraHi3yBaJiaCR B

HOMY

TaKO)K

He6e3IIeKa,

Q10

3aJie)KHOCTi , oca)J,qoro" )J,YMKY

BH3HaqHHM

CTpa-

BncoqaH

IIi)J,TpHMaJIH

)J,inqeM

IloKyTTR.

274

BoJtoiJuMup

CeJHIHChKe

rroxo)J,Merrrrn

B. JinrrHHChKHiL IIOJihChKHM

BncoqarriB

rraMaraBcn

Bcyrrepeq )J,MepeJiaM Birr

IIIJIHXTHqeM,

Ha)J,a€

3arrepeqnTH

po6HTh

llOMY

KOJiorrhauji'. TaK i ITHIIIe, rn:o Bncoqarr -

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

icTopHK

Bncoqarra rre JIHIIIe

MiciiO

rriorrepa

IIOJihChKOI

,THITOBHll IIIJIHXTHq", oca)J,HHK,

rro6epeMHHK, rrepiiiHll 3 Toro Jieriorry rrall3acJiyMeHiiiiHX rriorrepiB KOJIOrrhauji' HaiiiHX

(IIOJihChKHX)

3eMeJih, 3a HKHMH ID:OllHO ITiiiiJIH )J,epMaBu;i,

*•

eKOHOMH, cTapocTn". HacrrpaB)J,i i

HK cBi)J,qaTh rrepiiiO)J,MepeJia, 6aThKO

CHH Bncoqarrn po)J,OM i3 ceJia BiKTopoBa, rn:o 6yJio B CKJia)J,i raJIHu;h-

Koro

CTapOCTBa,

)J,OMJieHHH.

IIOXO)J,HJIH 3 CeJIHH.

KiJILKa IIIJIHXTHqiB

po6iTrrnqoro IrrraTa Bncoqarra,

Ha u;e BKa3yiOTh TOroqacrri IIOBi-

i3 cKapr rrpoTecTyBaJIH

O)J,Hill

6aTLKa i

,rrpoTH

CeMerra, lloro cnrra, -

rri,rma-

HHX llOrO KOpOJiiBChKOI MHJIOCTi 3 C. BHKTOpOBa". illJIHXTa o6ypiOBaJiaCH TaKoM THM, rn:o Bncoqarr ,qoro IIJie6eHM ne3

cyMHiBy' 3a

CIOa)J,qHll,

3acrryBaB y ceJii no)J,rrapoBi 6poBap i KopqMy,

3a6opOHHIOTh rrraT

KOpOHHi rrpaBa".

Bncoqarr HaJieMaB )1,0

)J,OIIOMOrOIO

CeJIHH

3aCHOBY€

3aMOMHHX ceJIHH. ,Ha

Birr -

CHpOMY KOperri"

CeJIO

CJio6o)J,y BncoqarrcLKy. Ilpo rroqaTKOBY lloro )J,iHJihHiCTh B. Jlo3HHChKHll rrncaB TaK: ,Bncoqarr 6yB crroqaTKY oca)J,qHM, rraJieMaB, OTMe, )J,O qnceJihrroro

)J,i)J,HqiB

TOll

a6o

qac

KJiacy

CTapOCT

ITi)J,IIpH€MJIHBHX

Tpy)J,HJIHCH

CeJIHH,

crreu;iaJihHO

HKi

YTBOpeHHHM

llpHBiJieHMH HOBHX

OCeJih

,Ha CHpOMY KOperri", 1IpHBa6JIIOIOqH CeJIHH 3 rycTiiiiHX HaCeJieHHX OKOJIHIIh,

o6iu;HIOqH

ceJIHH

To6To

CB060)J,H

BiJihHOCTi

yJier111yroqn IM

yTeqy

KiJihKaHa)J,IIHTHpiqrro 3-rri)J,

irr111oro

,Koqyroqn"

rriMaHCTBa".

AJie B 3aCHOBaHill HHM CJio6o)J,i BncoqaHChKill rrraT Bncoqarr 3aJIHIIIaBCH

rre)J,oBro.

CKopo

rreBHHX

rrpnqnrr,

3JIOcTi

rrriBy

rra

raJIHIIhKOrO CTapOCTY YMHCHO CeJIHHaM Ka3aB po3illTHCh", a CaM rrepelliiiOB Ha OKOJIHIIi bO)J,HapoBa.

,I(OKJia)J,Hi llpHqHHH IIhOrO rrepeXO)J,y HeBi)J,OMi.

,I(ocJii)J,HHKH IIOHCHIOIOTh u;e 3arOCTpeHHHM

CTOCYHKiB MiM BncoqaHOM

i raJIHIIhKHM cTapocToiO, HKHll ,rre )J,aBaB llOMY MHTH a6coJIIOTHO TaK, HK

TOll

XOTiB".

rroxo)J,Merrrrn rraMaraBcn

IlpaB)J,OIIO)J,i6HO,

Bncoqarra,

3BeCTH

lloro

rre )J,O

rrpocToro

)J,OIIOMaraJia Micu;eBa IIIJIHXTa. 6opOTh6H, HKY BeJIH rrraT i crroqaTKY y

CTapOCTa,

3HaiOqH

IIIJIHXeTChKHMH

rri)J,)J,arroro.

CeJIHHChKe rrpHBiJieHMH,

CTapocTi

IIhOMY

3Bi)J,CH ll Tpe6a lllyKaTH KJIIOq yrrepTOI

CeMeH BncoqarrH rrpOTH Micu;eBOI IIIJIHXTH

BncoqarrcLKill CJio6o)J,i,

CTapocTi i rroKiprroro

111:0

3aKpirrJierre

3rO)J,OM ll y

no)J,rrapoBi.

IIIJIHXTi rreJierKo 6yJio 3BeCTH Bncoqarra )J,O cTarroBnrn:a

ceJIHHHHa,

6o 6yB Birr

rrorryJinpHHM

cepe)], rrpocToro

rrapo-

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

275

ToM

)J,y, 3 HKHM 36JIH3HBCH rn:e IIi)], qac OCBO€HHH HOBHX OCeJih. JIK BH)J,HO 3 aBTopnTeTHHX )J,.lKepeJI, Bin, Maroqn ,crroci6nnx i 6araTo JIIO)J,eil, na u;e rrpncrroco6Jiennx", oprani3oByBaB qacTi nacKOKH na rrancLKi 3aronn, HKi IIOBepTaJIHCh i3 Haiia)J,iB, 3BiJihHHB 6panu;iB, 3aXOIIJIIOBaB 3)1,06nq i cTaBaB rn:e rrorryJIHpHiiiiHM y napo)J,i. rnaT Bncoqan caMoBiJihHO rro6yiJ,yBaB ,3a

piKOIO

Me.lKH

JiiCOM,

IIOCTpiJiiB 3 JiyKa".

HiKOMY

BeJIHqHHOIO

M aroqn BeJIHKi i1,py.lKHHH, HKi,

yrrpaBJIHB

CKap.lKHJiaCH, UJ:O BiH

3a ceJioM, Ha

oqeBH)J,HO,

KiJihKa opraHi-

i BH3BOJieHHX 6panu;iB, BiH He IIi)J,KO-

Ma€TKOM

BJiaCHHH

p03Cy)J,.

illJIHXTa

,.lKO)J,HOI 3BepXHOCTi Ha)J, co6010 He xoqe MaTH

B3araJii BiJihHOCTi co6i HaBiTh 3aB)J,HKH

KopqMy,

)J,Bip

IIpOCTHH

3yBaB 3 pi3HHX CeJIHH-BTiKaqiB pHBCH

OciBIIIH rri)J, no)J,napoBoM,

6poBap,

HaiiOJierJIHBiH

6iJihiiii,

rrpau;i

Hi.lK IIIJIHXeTChKi IIpHCBOIB".

Ma€TKaX

6araTiH

TaTapChKiH

3)J,o6nqi cTapiiiHH Bncoqan po36araTiB, iloro )J,Bip cTaB ni6n Boennoro <J>opTeu;ero,

)J,e

3ocepe)J,.lKyBaJIHCH )J,o6pi iJ,PY.lKHHH

aKTax,

,6araTo

lliKaBe

HBHUJ:e

JIIO)J,eil B

icTopii

rrpncrroco6Jiennx".

raJIHllhKOI

3eMJii,

)J,e

3arrncano

U:e

cepe)],

na)J,3Bnqanno BeJIHKHX

rpyrr

cepe)J,HhOI i !1,pi6HOI IIIJIHXTH BHpOCTaB Ha oqax IIOIIYJIHpHHH B Hapo)J,i ceJIHHHH.

Bin

MaB 3B'H3KH 3 raJIHllhKHMH orrpHIIIKaMn.

He BHIIa)J,KOBO

IIIJIHXTa IIi)J,03piBaJia HOrO B TiM, UJ:O BiH rro6y)J,yBaB )J,Bip

,Ha CTOpOHi

Bi)J, JIIO)J,eH, Ha IIi)J,03piJIOMY Micu;i, UJ:O TaM BiJihHO Mir TpHMaTH 3B'H3KH 3

i orrpHIIIKaMn"

po36innnKaMH

Bncoqan

crrnpaBcH

TaK,

ceJIHH

B CBOIH

OIIpHIIIKiB.

6opoTL6i

.lKOBTHi

3 IIIJIHXTOIO

1626

poKy,

,3i6paBIIIH HaBMHCHO BCHKi rpoMa)J,H JIIO)J,eH 3 pi3HHX ciJI Ta OIIpHIIIKiB, 3

HKHMH

TpnMaB

3B'H30K,

po3ca)J,HBIIIH

pi3nnx

Micu;nx,"

Bin

HHMH B'IXaB )1,0 bO)J,HapoBa, UJ: 06 p03IIpaBHTHCH 3 Micu;eBOIO IIIJIHXTOIO. B

TaKiil

o6cTaHoBu;i

napo)J,.lKeHHH

[626

pou;i

Ixi)J,rrapOBChKi.

~HOBi

CeM

Bonn

CeMeny

HaKa3oM"

iloro

cnn

i )J,HTHHCTBO ne Bi)J,oMo niqoro. 3ra)J,yiOTh

IIi)J,HHB IIi)J,)J,aHHX y

rri)J,pocTaB

O)J,Hiil

IIHIIIYTh,

bO)J,HapoBi,

y6nTH a6o

Pic

cKapr

rn:o

rnaT

Brrepiiie

Bncoqan

CyJIHTHllhKoro.

)J,iilcno CeMeH

KHHYBCH B

Ilpo

IIIJIHXTnqi

yMoBax

qac

rrpo

iloro

Hhoro

CyJIHTHHChKi roJIOCOM

a KOJIH Ti 3iHIIIJIHCH,

IIIJIHXTnqa

CeMeH

i)J,op.lKyBaJia iJ,PY.lKHHa.

CeMeH.

)1,3BOHY

HaKa3aB CBO€MY

,3a 6aTLKiBChKHM IIIJIHXTy,

rrocTiilnoi

aJie

iloro

6opoTL6n

IllJffiXIDIO i TaTapaMH, Ha6npaB )J,OCBi)J,y i rrpaKTHKH, UJ:O IIpHrO)J,HJIOCH IOMy i" II \

B Mai16yTniil )J,iHJihHOCTi. TH

rroqaTKOM BH3BOJihHOI Biilnn

oqoJIHB napO)J,HHH pyx Ha raJIHllhKiH 3eMJii.

1648

276

BoJtoiJuMup

Ili)J,rOTOBJieHHH y IIepeMoraMH HHllhKoro

BCTYIIHB

Bi)J,3HaqaJIH Ti€10

IIi)J,HHTH

ycino

CaHOBHHKH,

CHJIOIO,

CeMeH BncoqaH 3 IIepiiiHMH

IlpH)J,HiiipHHmnHi

6opOTh6y

IIIJIHXeTChKi

y)J,apHOIO

MOrJia

BiilchKOBOMY Bi)J,HOIIIeHHi,

ujel BiHHH

HKa

IIOBCTaHHH

IIi)],

CeJIHHH

KepiBHHIITBOM HK

!1,Hie10

£CJI<(.

6yJio

*- &

Tellh, HH

<J>opM

KpaiO,

pe3yJihTaTi

IIHX OIIOpHHX

BiHChKOBHX

CIIOci6

u;eHTpiB

CHJI,

6opOTh6H,

OIIpHIIIKH

JIK 6yJIH

BaTalKKa

PYX IIpHKapiiaTChKHX

ceJIHH

cou;iaJihHO-eKOHOMiqHHX IIIJIHXeTChKHX

3aMKiB

YMOB

lj>op-

lj>eo)J,aJihHOrO IIaHyBaHHH Ta 30Cepe)J,MeH-

CeJIHHH-ryu;yJIH

BHKOpHCTOByBaJIH

IIOIIIHpeHHH

3HaqeHHH TepMiHy

icTopnqHiii

IIIJIHXTOIO.

)J,OCBi)J,qeHoro

6opoTL6n CHJIY

po36y)J,OBH

OC06JIHBO

IIoxo)J,MeHHH i 3aHe

36poiiHol

OIIpHIIIKiBCTBO.

XMeJih-

Ha)J,)J,HiiipHHmHHi.

OIIPlliiiKIBCbKllll , (<A AA.

IIpOBO)J,OM

raJIHllhKOIO

raJIHllhKi

MeHIIIe,

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

€

JiiTepaTypi.

IIapTH3aHChKHH

ripChKHX

OKOJIHIIHX.

,oiipHIIIoK" me if )J,oci He po3B'H-

pi3Hi iJ,YMKH.

Haiii

IIorJIH)J,,

Ha3Ba

,oiipHIIIOK" IIOXO)J,HTh Bi)J, JiaTHHChKOrO CJIOBa ,oiipecop", T06TO IIOpyiiiHHK,

IIpHrHo6JIIOBaq,

IIepiiiiii

IIOJIOBHHi

cy)J,OBOIO poM"

6yJia

TOR,

)J,aHoMy

BHIIa)J,KY

ChKHX

CHHOllhKHX

,oiipecye",

KOrOCh. Ha3Ba

HKa

,oiipHIIIoK"

p030peHa

CJIOBaMH

MOlKyqn

3HaHTH

ropH, B

IIpOlKHTH

XBHJii

OIIpHIIIKiBChKHH MiqHHMH

IIOCHJieHHH

TepMiHoJioril

MOlKHa

Ha)J,TO

pyx

IIpHqHHaMH,

6yB TOMY

JIHIIIe

qacTHHY

aKTHBHOI

BHCJIO-

3HnmyBa-

6HTHH,

BCe-TaKH MeTaTHCH

pa)J, Ha

rHiTy

KpHB)J,lKeHHH

TiKaB

xoq

6yB CBOIX

BHKJIIOqHo

OIIpHIIIKiBCTBO

ceJIHHCTBa, 6yJia

36pOHHOI 6opOTh6H.

CIIpaBe)J,JIHBOCTi,

IIopo)J,MeHHH BCe

lKH)J,aqiB-

3YCTpiTH

IIpHrHiqyBaTn,

KYIIH TaKHX CaMHX oqaif)J,yXiB, CMepTi,

KOrOCh,

p03MOBHHM.

Ha IIIJIHX

,oiipeco-

3HHmyBaB

lj>eo)J,aJihHO-KpiiiOCHHllhKOrO

IIOJieriiii

XVI

IIepeMHIIIJihChKHX,

qacTO

IIOHeBOJieHHH,

Hi)J,e

a)J,MiHicTpaTHBHOIO

a6o

po3yMiHHi

CTaJIO

BCTyiiaJia

3arpo3y

CBo6i)J,HO,

CJIOBO

<l>paHKa,

IIpHCTaBaB )1,0

KOlKHiH

KHHrax

IIOIIIHpiOBaJiach

cy)J,oBiii

raJIHllhKHX,

,oiipecyBaTn"

pe3yJihTaTi

Haii6iJihiii

rpO)J,ChKHX

u;e

IIpHrHiqyBaB

Bi)J,oMo,

o<J>iu;iiiHOIO,

MOBa.

XTO

IIIJIHXTY.

3rO)J,OM

(IIIJIHXTH).

cToJiiTh

JiaTHHChKa

BBalKaBCH

3HnmyBaq

XVII

IIi)],

IIi)J,)J,aHHH, y

JiiCH,

qyB Ha)J, co6010 TOIO

3arp03010

KpHB)J,HHKax". cou;iaJihHO-eKoHoCB0€10

CYTTIO

€

lfllocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

277

ToM

BHRBOM HapO)J,HHX rrparHeHL )1,0 3MiHH rranyroqnx IIOpR)J,KiB. pi

IIOBHOI TeMHOTH B.

r.),

pyxy

ni6H

3MiHH,

BiJILHe.

nyJia

rrpoTH

BTiKaJIH

n:e Te)K

Bi)J,

rreqepaMH,

YMOBH

)J,JIR

6yJIH

CBO€pi)J,HHMH B

IXHiH

KaprraTax

IIi)J,TpHMKY

KiB, ne

IIOTpaiiJIRJIH

IIpOTH

<!Jeo)J,aJIH

roBopnqn

IIOJIOHHHi 3JiiTaB

rip

rroBi)J,OMJIRJia RKi

B*e

rrpo

)J,JIR na

3aB)J,RKH

)J,06pHM

CMOKH

(IIIJIRXTY

BrreBneno Iyu:yJILIIIHHi

lepMiH iyi

MO*Ha B

a6o

aKTOBHX

BHri)J,Hi

OIIOpHHM

rrynropH

HapO)J,HHX

)J,e

RCKHHRX,

YMOBaM

MaTepiaJiaX

CIIO)J,i-

BHCTyrra3aB)J,RKH

pyKax

6yB

rrpo

orrpHIII-

OKOJIHU:RX, rracTyx

OIIpHIIIKiB,

XVIII

XBHJIHHY -

cToJiiTTR, rip

o6i6paBIIIH

p03-

JIIO)J,eH

cMepTL".

orrpHIIIKiBCTBO

1529

BOHH

KaprraTChKHX

Haiia)J,aiOTh

BorHHIIIe

Bi)J,OMHMH

rrepiiiy-JiiiiiiiY

cepe)J,HHi

MOrJIH

IIi)J,ripChKHX

YHHKaiOqH

rrepecJii)J,yBaHL.

6yJIH

IloJIL-

<!Jeo)J,aJiiB.

rOBOpHTH

rrpHBO)J,RTL IIIO

IHKOJIH

rocrro)J,apeM

RKHH

rroBcTaHU:RM

TiJILKH 3aB)K)J,H

YHHKaJIH

HaBiTh )J,e

)J,ep*aB

OrrpHIIIKH,

MiCU:eBHX

,IQo

KY)J,H

rJIH60KHMH

KaprraTCLKi

TpLox

<J>aKTnqno

IIpHpO)J,HHM

3ra)J,y€ThCR

MiCU:R,

3aXHIIIaJIH

KOp)J,OH

Jieriiie

IIaHaM.

roBopHTH,

EyKOBHHH

MaJIO)J,OCTYIIHi

CTaBaJIH

rro6paTHMiB.

ropn,

Ma€TKY,

TaKi

MO)KJIHBiCTL

KpaiHy,

OIIpHIIIOK,

anTn<!Jeo)J,aJILHe

,orrpHIIIOK"

rpiqa€ThCR

IIOJIOHHHaMH.

iHIIIY.

raJIHU:LKa IIIJIRXTa

MHO)KHJIHCR -

)J,ep)KaBHHH cyci)J,HIO

caMi

IIOMCTH

cenMi

)J,aBaJio

IIpO)KHBaTH

036pO€HHH

KaMennp.

CKeJIRMH,

Ha)J,iHHO

KOp)J,OHH

cToJiiTTRX

60RJIHCR

6yJIH

IIOBCTaHU:iB.

KpaiHH

OIIpHIIIKH

aJie

6opOTL6i.

U:e

rrepecJii)J,yBaqiB

XVI-XVIII

)J,aJii

3aKaprraTTR

6a3y

IIIO

)J,OIIOMOry

MaHeBpyBaHHIO B

rrncaB

IIIHpOKHMH

MillRY

O)J,Hi€I

rrepeXO)J,HJIH

BaTHCR

KaprraTH

HeJieraJILHe,

<!JopMa HapO)J,HOrO IIpOTeCTY

rrepeXO)J,y

CKpHB)J,)KeHHX

pa30M

JiiCaMH

CeJIRHCTBO

rrparHyJIH )1,0

OIIpHIIIKiBCTBO,

HeCTaJie,

IIaHiB.

)J,JIR

IIIO

)J,Opora

qacH

aTMOC<!Je-

(ripCLKe

rrepecJii)J,yBaHL

6acTiOHaMH,

CTe)KKaMH Ha

rrepexpeiiiyBaJIHCR

rrepecJii)J,yBaHL,

O)J,Ha )KHTTR

BJia)J,a

aHTH<!Jeo)J,aJILHiH

rrepeXO)J,HTH

TaKOMY

rHiTy

MoJI)J,aBil.

JIIO)J,

raJIHqHHH,

Ba)KKHMH

)J,iRJihHOCTi

YropiiiHHH

JIH

OKOJIHU:h

MipOIO

U:eH

)KHBOI B)J,aqi,

rropR)J,KiB",

CTBOpiOBaJIH

KTOM

MeCHHKiB

TiJILKH

O)J,HHOKa Ha Ti

IIOBHOIO ropH

)KHB

6iJILIII

3araJIOM

cycrriJILHHX

Herrpoxi)J,HHMH

IIpHpO)J,Hi

BiJILHO

<!Jeo)J,aJILHOrO

MaJI03aCeJieHi

Oco6aM

HH30BHHHHX

)J,OCRraJia

Illi,

IIpHrH06JieHHR

)Ke6paU:TBO

rranyroqnx

CeJIRHH

Mpnu:i.

3aJIHIIIHJiaCL

po36iHHHU:TBO,

TiJILKH pon:i,

HaCTYIIHHX

o<J>opMHJIOCL y

XVI

IIOTiM

BCe

CTOJiiTh.

cToJiiTTi. 6iJILIIIe 3

U:LOrO

278

BoJtoiJuMup

rrpuBo)J,y JIOCH

raJIHIJ,hKHii

EaJILIJ,epoM,

TOrO

BH)J,HMO,

iJ,YMKY,

XVI

rrepio)J,

)J,O

CTOJiiTTH

Hac

)J,iHIIIJia

rrucaB:

, •••

aKTiB,

icHyBaJio

BMe

icTopuK

KoJiu

XVI

cT.".

,UpaKoxpycT.

orrpHIIIKiB Ha

HeBeJiuKa

IJ,eHTpOM

IIOIIIUpUBCH

MaJIL,

iioro

rrpo

KiJILKiCTh

OKOJIUII,HX

CTaJIO

HeBeJIUKUMU

aKTHBHO

MoJI)J,aBil. IIIHTH

HK BlKe

HH30BUHHHX

3aroHaMU

raJIUII,hKOMY

)J,iHJIH

ryiJ,yJILChKi

OIIpUIIIKiBChKHH

KapaTU

MiCIJ,i

3B'H3KU

HaCKOKU

BHCTYIIH

JIHBiCTh",

T06TO

BlKHTH

BiH

HaKa3yBaB

BU)J,aB

HOBUU

HeO)J,HOpa30Bi

OIIpUIIIKiB.

MOJI)J,aBChKHMU

pi3Hi

,KapaTu

HHX

1580 rrpo

rrpoxaHHH

)J,O

KOpOJih

JIIO)J,eii

rrpu6opKaHHH

rrorpaHuqqi.

CKapru

TaKoM

poKy

cBaBiJihHHX

BiHChKOBi

Il,hOrO

Bi)J, IIIJIHXTU

MOJI)J,aBChKHX

,MaiOTh

III;o6

illJIHXTa

1587

ciqHi

CeJIHHa-

IIIJIHXTU.

IIepeMUIIIJihChKOI YXBaJIUJia

)J,oroBo-

ryiJ,yJihlll,HHH,

caMoo6opoHu. B

rrpU)J,y-

rrorpaHuqqi,

BU)J,aBaTU".

MiCIJ,eBOI

Hapa)J,y

B 3a

IIoJILIIIi

OIIpUIIIKiB

Tpe6a

Oco6-

III;o6

rro6paTUMaMU

3axo)J,u

3BepHyJiacn

yHiBepcaJI

IIIO

MiCIJ,HX

)J,JIH

OIIpUIIIKiB

IIpOTU

ciqHH

Ha)J,XO)J,UJIU

pi3HUX

raJIUII,hKOI,

IIIJIHXTa

He6e3IIeKy

Haiia)J,aMU

6yKOBUHChKO-raJIUII,hKOMY JIH IIOCTiHHO

HarrpaBUTU

3aXO)J,iB.

rrorpaHuqqi

3a3HaqaJIOCh,

3)J,aBHa

36p0€10

HHMH.

orrpuiiiKH.

BTiKaqiB-IIi)J,)J,aHUX

3i6paBIIIHCh

MarHaTU

IIpuKaprraTChKa

CaJIOM

(rreTOMY

lj>eo)J,aJiiB

IIOJihChKO-MOJI)J,aBChKOMY

orrpHIIIKiB

BeJIHKY

BO€BO)J,CTBa,

3B'H3KY

6yKoBHHChKi

poKy a

3acTocoByBaJIHCh

KepyBaJIU

3eMeJih,

orrpuiiiKH

(BHCTyrry),

co6010

3arro6irTu I i i ,

HHM

11,eii

3a3HaqaJIOCH,

rroJihChKi KopoJii yKJia)J,aJiu )J,oroBopu.

3aKaprraTChKHMU

HBJIHJIU

PycLKoro

pyx

154 7

JIUCTOIIa)J,a

Ee3rrepepBHi

HKOIO

cepe)J,uHi

3eMJii,

MiCIJ,eBOCTeU.

quHUJIU

,UorroMory Ha)J,aBaJiu IM

MOJI)J,aBChKi rocrro)J,api i

lloKyTTH

IIepeMUIIIJihChKa

raJIUII,hKOI 3eMJii,

CeJIHHH-BTiKaqi

BOHU

Bi)J,

IJ,HM,

uoro

)J,MepeJI.

po3rOpTaHHH

CHHOII,hKa

po3BHTOK

)J,OIIOMororo cBolx ciJihChKHX rro6paTuMiB po3rrpaBJIHJIHCH 3

)1,-pOM

TaKol

JleMKiBIIIUHa.

ripChKHX

JIHBO

po3rroqa-

OrOJIOIIIeHUX

IIOrO)J,UTUCH.

pyx

ry~~,y JlhiiiUHa)'

36upaJIUCH pyKaX

BOHO

IIo)J,iJIJii.

OCHOBHHM

peBalKHO qucJii

MOlKHa

rHaTIOK

3Ha€MO:

pa)J,HHChKHii

CTOJiiTTi

IIpuKaprraTTi

IIIO

iJ,YMKH )J,OTpHMY€ThCH Haiiiy

eTHorpa<J>

OIIpUIIIKiBCTBO,

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

poKy,

JlhBiBChKOI

,qUHUTU

CIIpaBe)J,-

CUJIU. KopoJIH

rrpoxaH-

CIIeiJ,iaJihHHM

yHiBep-

rrorpaHuqqi". HapO)J,HOrO BU)J,HO,

IIIO

)1,0

MOJI)J,aBChKOrO

rOCIIO)J,apiB

IIoTiM

pyxy

KOpO-

KOp)J,OHY

,BTHXOMUpUTU"

lfllocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

I I OJILCLKHH CIIiJILHOI 3

MOJI)J,aBCLKHH

KpaH

RKa MaJia

BHCTyiiaM

ypR)J,H

ChKOMY

,crriJILHO

OIIpHIIIKiB

IIpoTe rroBcTaHCLKHH pyx ne

6iJILIIIY

qacTHHY

o6rOBOpeHHR

crrpaBi BaB

CeHMy.

rrpn)J,yiiieHHR

IIpHHHRTi

p03IIpaBJIRTHCR CeHM

Ha)J,

JIHIIIe

OIIpHIIIKiB".

AJie

IIOBCTaHHR.

3aXO)J,H,

6yJIH

RKi

6yJIH

XVII

Jieni B

i n:e

U:Loro

HaH6iJILIIIHX

lj>eo)J,aJiiB

TaK

IIOKJiaC-

MOJI)J,aB-

W.Y10Tb

In:O

ITO

OKpeMy

ropH)J,Hqno

CTaTTIO

y3aKOHIO-

IIpH)J,yiiieHHIO

BHpiiiiHJia Ha

PycLKOrO

rrepeHOCHTh

IIOCTaHOBa

OIIpHIII-

BO€BO)J,-

He6e3IIeKy

3YIIHHHJia

3araJILHopycLKoro

Bi)J,

p03BHTKY

3aCTOCOByBaTH

rrpn)J,yiiieHHR

orrpHIIIKiBCLKHH

OcnoBHHMH

JleMKiBin:HHa,

oco6JIHBO

pyx

CaMi

orrpHIIIKiBCLKoro

BHIII en eLK oro

Ha CXO)J,i

rn:o

Bi)J,OMHM

3arony

rpnqoBHH.

cen-

6yJIH

IloKyTTR.

ryu:yJILin:HHi, 3rO)J,OM

3acy)J,.lKeHi

IIIJIRXTa

In:O)J,eHHO 36iJILIIIY€ThCR Ma€TKH. ce6e

IIJ:o6

BHCTYIIH

6yJia B

)J,O

IloKyTTR". i3

CBOIMH

MiCU:RX

)J,iRB

Cxorr-

cTpaTH.

raJIHU:LKHX

yxBaJii

orrpHIIIKiB

U:LOrO

IIpHBO)J,y

BKa3yBaJiocR,

rn:o

He6e3IIeKa Bi)J, OIIpHIIIKiB", RKi 3HH3arro6irTH

YXBaJIH,

U:LOMy,

IIO)J,i6Hi )1,0 THX,

raJIHU:LKa IIIJIRXTa In:O

BO€BO)J,CTBI. 5ynO )J,OpyqeHO r~

cTapocTaM,

IlOJihChKHH

)J,iRB

U:HX

3MyiiieHa

noro

rroJio-

6yJia BJiaCTHBO

3aJIHIIIaJiocR

aHTHij>eo)J,aJILHi

napa)J,y-cenMHK.

rrepiiiiH

3aJIHIIIaJIHCR

Bepe3oBa Ta iHIIIHX Bi)J,)J,aJiennx oceJIL.

orrpHIIIKH

poKax

)J,aJii

,raJIHU:LKa 3eMJIR

TpOXH

ceJia

na6yB

Bornnrn;aMH

OIIpHIIIOK

Bin

,IIIJIRXTa

B)J,OMa

In:O

IIOCTaBHTH n:e IIHTaHHR

IIpHHHRB

cy)J,iB

cToJiiTTR

ryu:yJILin:H-

IIOTeprriJIHM IIaHOM MaJIH rrpaBO

OKOJIHU:RX JI6JiyHeBa,

IIpHHHRTH

OC06JIHBO

poKiB.

po3BHTKY

Ilo)J.iJILCLKOMY MMY

CeHMOBa

aKTHBi3yBaJIHCR,

rraniB

BIIpirmma

paniiiie.

crreu:iaJILHY i

aJie

yxBaJIH

6yB

BiH

XVI

80-x poKax

IIOBCTaHU:eM.

rrpHHHRTi

1593

160 5-1608 6iJILIII

,CBI>KO

ll) i

U:R

pyxy.

THM,

IIIJIRXTa

orrpHIIIKiB i3 3

3aXi)J,

poKaX

orrpHIIIKiB,

pon:i

rropaTH

3MyiiieHHH

Jlo3iHCLKHH TBep)J,HB,

IIOMiqHHKaMH 3arin

)J,iRJILHiCTL

CIIpaBe)J,JIHBiCTL",

BO€BO)J,CTBa,

1588 pon:i

)J,Oporax,

cToJiiTTR.

Kpalnoro 1602

CKJia)J,i

crra)J,aB

CIIiHMaHHM

CRHoqqnna i

icTopHK

U:eH

90-X

Oco6JIHBoro

3aXO)J,i

Bi)J,HOBHTH

IIOJihChKOMY,

CTapOCTHHChKHX

crrpRMOBani

MnKy 1592 i

BHHi

CTapOCTa pa30M

MOTHByBaB

pyxy

orrpHIIIKiBCLKoro

3aXO)J,H

KopoJiiBChKHH

CTBa

BHpiiiiHJIH

qHHHTH

PycLKOrO

YpR)J, Ha BHMOry IIIJIRXTH

KiB.

279

6ouj.

OXOIIHB HY.

ToM

MOJI)J,OBO-IIOJihChKOI KOMicil

o6ox CTOpiH,

IlpuKapnammR.

BeJIHKOMY 3eMJieBJiaCHHKY

paHiiiie )J,iRJIH

fJ: KOJIOMHH-

BJIO)J,HKY

,po3ranR-

280 Tu"

BoJtoiJuMup

orrpuiiiKiB,

IIOCTaHOBa

,nerauno 3M Or Jia

JIOBHTH

IIpUIIUHUTU

KapaTu".

pyx

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

AJie

11,11

1618

OIIpUIIIKiB.

rpi3na poii,i

)J,aBanu" IIOCTiHHO )J,iiOTh y 3naqno

cBol

y)J,apu

B CHHTUHChKiH rryiii,i.

orrpuiiiKH

KoJioMuiichKOMY

Y 20-x poKax XVII cToJiiTTH BOHH narra)J,aJiu na IIIJIHXTY ne

rroBiTi. JIUIIIe

aKTUBi3yBaJiu

IIO)J,iJihChKUX KpaHX i

MOJI-

O)J,HOMY 3 IIOBi)J,OMJieHh cyqacHUKa rOBOpUJIOCH, IIIO ,orrpUIIIKU

IIIJIHxax,

CTanicJiaBChKUU OIIpUIIIKiB,

aJie

3Mir

HKi )J,iHJIU

Ma€TKax.

rrpu6yTu

II,UX

TaK,

)1,0

KpaHX.

raJiuqa

pOKU

1623 qepe3 Ha

po11,i

IIIJIHXTuq

ne6e3IIeKy

ryii,yJihUII,HHi

Bi)J, )J,iHB

OIIpUIIIKiBChKUU 3ariH IIi)], KepiBHUII,TBOM MOJI)J,aBChKOrO BaTalKKa rpuHH Kap)J,aiiia. IIniB'H.

MoMy )J,OIIOMaraJiu ceJIHHH

3arin,

Kap)J,aiiieM i

HKOMY

6paJiu

qypuJioM B

3 raJIUII,hKHX

yqacTh

)J,O

ciJI,

qoJioBiK,

30KpeMa 3 na

qoJii

1621 po11,i 3a )J,OIIOMororo rranchKHX cJiyr Ta

CeJIHH 3HUIII,UB Haii6iJihiiiUU Ha TOO qac Ha IJpuKaprraTTi IIIJIHXeTChKUU 3aMoK IIniB'n, HKHM BOJIO)J,iJiu MarnaTu KyporraTBH.

IloBcTaHII,i 3axo-

rruJiu 6araTO Mauna i II,iHHOCTeU, BqUHUJIU p03IIpaBy Ha)J, rOCIIO)J,UHeiO. Cy)J,oBi rrpoToKoJiu,

CKJia)J,eHi rricJIH 3axorrJieHHH

qJieHiB II,horo 3a-

rony, )J,aiOTh 6ara TO II,iKaBoro MaTepiaJiy rrpo )J,iHJihHiCTh IIOKYTChKUX i MOJI)J,aBChKHX orrpuiiiKiB. BuHBJIH€ThCH, IIIO na EyKoBuni, HKa naJieMaJia )J,O MoJI)J,aBil, B OKOJIHII,HX ,UoporoiioBa i lj>eo)J,aJiaMU

MOJI)J,aBChKUMU IleTpOM

rpequnoM.

IIYJihChKUX orrpuiiiKiB iTu

Pych"'

T06To

IIpOCJiaBUBCH

1621

poii,i BiH,

ceJIHH, B

3ariH

OIIpUIIIKiB

oqeBU)J,HO,

3arrucano

raJiuquny

CyqaBu y 6opoTL6i 3

rri)J,

aKTax,

rrpOBO)J,OM

qoJii

rrpoxaHHH

ry-

,)J,03BOJIHB IM

rpuHH

Kap)J,aiiia.

Ilpu6yBIIIH i3 3aronoM na IloKyTTH, Kap)J,aiii rroqaB po3rrpaBJIHTHCH 3 Micii,eBUMH <J>eo)J,aJiaMu.

MoMy )J,OIIOMaraJiu rrancLKi

ceJIHHH naBKOJIHIIIHix ciJI. HHK

IIOMiqnuK",

HKUU

TaK,

cJiyru,

a TaKoM

CTerran EyKJiacKo, ,rrepiiiuii po3Bi)J,-

paHiiiie

6yB

,cJiyroiO

)J,BOpi

IJniB'i",

)J,06pe BUBqUB o6cTaHOBKY lj>opTeii,i i IIi)J,Ka3aB MOJI)J,OBO-ryii,yJihChKUM OIIpUIIIKaM, HK 3)J,06yBaTU yKpirrJieHUU 3aMOK. IJi)J, qac Haiia)J,y 3aMKOBa CTOpOMa, HKa CKJia)J,aJiaCH 3 CeJIHH-6i)J,HHKiB, He JIUIIIe He quHUJia orropy, a naBiTh rroKa3yBaJia, 3

ry11,y JlhChKUMU

TalKKU

HapO)J,HUX

CeMeH Bucoqanu. KiBChKUM pyxoM, KaprraTChKux,

,)J,e crruTh nan".

OIIpUIIIKaMU

pyxiB

IIi)J,TpUMyBaJIU

IJpuKaprraTTi,

3B 'H3KU

TOMY

qucJii

BU)J,aTHi U

Ba-

rnaT Ta

IlpoTe BJiacTi ne rrpurruHHJIH 6opoTL6y 3 orrpuiiiCTapaJIUCH rrepeiiiKO)J,UTU CIIiJihHiH 6opOTh6i

yropchKHX i

MOJI)J,aBChKHX

orrpuiiiKiB.

KopoJih

rrpu1618

lfllocmpoeaHa pon:i

icmopi5l

HaKa3aB

IlpuKapnammR.

3aKpHTH BCi )J,OpOrH,

Ha )J,pyrHH.

,HaKa3y€MO

(IIIJIRXTa)

III06 BH

BCi

6pO)J,H,

IIIJIRXH,

B03aMH

KiHLMH

CIIiJILHO

TH,

3aKHHYTH •••

HiKoro

KOpOJiiBCLKi

OIIpHIIIKiB,

3'RBJIRJIHCR

pe3yJILTaTiB.

Pyx

HO-eKoHoMiqHoro rraTTi

rroHeBomoBaqiB. cn

rrepiiiiH

YroplliHHH )J,O

MaH.lKe

3pocTaB

€.IJ:HiCTL

rroJIOBHHi

6oKy

KaprraT

IIHCaB

KOpOJih,

6yB

MiCU:R,

YroplliHHH

)J,O

BOHH

pa3oM

pyx

TiCHOMY

XVII

cToJiiTTR,

Hapo)J,iB

Ha6yB

cou:iaJILIlpHKap-

MOJI)J,aBChKHMH

rroJILCLKi

BHHHK

IIpOTH

6a.lKaHHX

CXi)J,HOMY

3B'R3KY

IIOJihChKOrO

rrycKaTn".

CIIpRMOBaHi He )J,aBaJIH

)J,OIIOMaraJIH

orrpHIIIKiB,

KopoHH

rroripiiieHHRM

JIKIIIO

i3)J,HTH

3apy6aTH, 3aMec-

HaiiiHX )J,ep.lKaB He

aJie

T06TO

3BHqan

6opoTL6i rrpnrHo6JieHHX Mac

yropChKOrO

0)J,HaK

3ra)J,aHi

MaH)J,aTH,

IIIOPOKY,

3aXi.IJ:HOMY

MOJI)J,aBChKOro,

RKHMH

yHiBepcaJIH

OIIpHIIIKH )J,iRJIH

TaK rrpoRBJIRJiacn ro,

rriiiiKH

O)J,HOrO

TaKo.lK Ha BoJIOIIIHHY, -

orrpHIIIKiB

xoqeMO,

B3RJIHCh

CTaHOBHilla CeJIRHCTBa.

ryn:yJILCLKi

rro6paTHMaMH,

n:e

Be)J,yTI,

TOrO

CTe.lKKH,

XO.IJ:HTH

CeMnropo)J,CLKol 3eMJii,

II O)J,i6Hi

rrepeXO)J,H, Ta

RKi

HeO)J,MiHHO,

281

ToM

yropcLKi.

yKpaiHCLKOIIpOTH

XVI

CBOIX

po3BHBaB-

6iJILIIIoro

po3Maxy

16 4 8-

B rrepiO)J, HapO)J,HO-BH3BOJihHOI 6opOTL6H yKpaiHChKOrO Hapo)J,y B

1654

poKax

rri.IJ:

rrpoBO.IJ:OM

Bor)J,aHa

XMeJILHHU:LKoro.

COIJ)AJibHI BllCTYIIll Mll__QAH CJii)J, 3a

A- i

HHKiB

)J,

IIpHKaprraTChKHX

HyBaTH YPR.IJ:Y rraTH

CIIDThHO

MiCT.

JI.

qaCTO

IIOBHHHOCTi

ypR.IJ:OBU:iB.

1608 Te,

CiHO.lKaTi i

LJV1CJll 80 ,nOCIKJlV1"

BopoBeU:LKHM

rraHa,

)J,OKyMeHTH,

IIIJIRXTH

CTaB

BOHH

1604

BHKO-

CTapOCTHHChKOrO

rroqaJIH

pou:i

Tpy)J,iB-

Bi)J,MOBJIRJIHCR

KOpHCTh

HapeiiiTi

OXOIIJIIOBaTH H

36pOHHO

MilllaHH

BHCTY-

ropo.lKaHKH

i3 ceJIRHaMH BHoqi HarraJIH Ha xaTy BiiiTa, mo6 po3rrpaBHTHCL i3

yB'R3HHJIH

lj>eo)J,aJILHi

Ta KaTOJIHU:hKOro .IJ:YXOBeHCTBa, rrpoTH

IIIJIRXTnqeM

HiB

CeJIRHaMH .IJ:YX HeiiOKOpH

3a6paJIH

CeHMOBi

noro

6araTo

cJiyraMH.

lxHix

peqen

IloBcTaJii i

36pol,

rro6HJIH

cJiyr,

TaKo.lK

pi3Hi

IIpHBiJiel.

pou:i MeiiiKaHn:i KoJIOMHI cKap.lKHJIHCR Ha IIIJIRXTnqiB-.IJ:ep.lKaBIIIO Ti

Hai.lK)J,.lKaiOTh

MiCLKi

rpyHTH,

36i.lK.lKR, 3aXOIIHJIH Ha IIOJIRX 6iJIR po6oqnx

BOJiiB.

300

,I(o TOrO .lK CBaBiJILHi

3HHIIIYIOTh

oropo.lKi,

IIITYK XY)J,06H, B TOMY

IIIJIRXTHqi

rracTyXiB, a )J,eRKHX 3aXOIIHJIH i )J,eCL IIO)J,iJIH.

,rropy6aJIH",

282

BoJtoiJuMup

li)KaBHM

6yB

BHCTYII

,BeJIHKOIO rpoMa)J,OIO", HY

)J,i)J,nqHy

JIHCH, u;il

rn:o

rrpoTH

Pocil,

HarrpaBHTHCH

)J,O

HHIIhKOrO i KO

Bi)J,BiB

IIaHa

THHOIO

B)J,apHB

,BeJIHKHM

6iK,

400-500

MepTBOrO

IIIJIHXTHqa

Ha)J,

IIaHOM

ChKHX Mirn:aH

aKT

MiUJ:aH

raJIHIIhKOrO CH

16 31

pou;i

TOMY,

o6epHyTH

peqi,

UJ:O

3aJiyKBH,

BHTHraB

He3aKOHHi

IIpHMYIIIYBaB IIpHBiJieHM HR.

3aXOIIJIIOBaB

Mirn:aHH

IIpOTH

KaTOJIHIIhKOrO

BoHH )J,HqHHMH

3YMiJIH

IIi)J,)J,aHHMH i

lKHBCH,

MiUJ:aHH,

rro6yHTyBaJIH

IIHM

HHX

rpyHTH,

qnHHB rHiTy

MilK

y6HJIH

IIOBCTaJIHX KOJIOMHHCeJIHH

MiCIIHX

KoH-

BJiaCHHKOM

opeH)J,apiB

HaMaraB-

KOpOBH,

rpoiiii,

B'H3HHB

Bcyrrepeq

YCHKe

ra-

raJIHIIhKHMH

6y)J,yqn

HapeiiiTi,

BHKYIIJIHTHCh,

TaKoro

iHIIIHX

BOJIH,

)J,eCHTHHH,

iHIIIe

IX,

MiChKHM

6e33aKOH-

Bi)J,KpHTO

BHCTYIIHJIH

CaHOBHHKa.

rrepeTHrHyTn

IIOBHHHOCTi UJ:O

MiChKi

BHTpHMaJIH

TaKOlK

3a6eiiiaBChKHM.

3a )J,OIIOMOrOIO

3a6npaB

KOJIOJIH,

cT.

KChOH)J,3-IIJie6aH,

MiUJ:aH",

pora-

IIOBCTaJii

ciKJIH,

BHCTYII

CliO pH

IIpOTH

HaMOBOIO

BeJIHKi

pi3HHMH

3aBopyiiieHh

XVII

KChOH)J,30M

p03IIpaBa

Mirn:aHH

BHHHKJIH

roJIO)J,-

O<J>epeii-

crroqaTKY

BoHH

TaKa

HH3IIi

rroqaTKY

po3rrpaBJIHJIHCH

rrepe)J,MiCTH

HiUJ:O

)J,OMaiiiHi

6yKOM

36pOHHHH B

rypTOM

3a)J,OBOJihHHJIHCH.

BTOIIHJIH. 6oqKaX.

MaB

crriiiMaJIH

HapiKaHHHM

Mir

CIIiJihHOIO

IIOMCTH.

KaTOJIHIIhKHM

IIOJIHraB

Haif6iJihiiiHX

BO€BO)J,CTBa

ropoMaHaMH

,3a

rpiiiiMH

p03JIIOqeHi

qnM

IIHM

rrirr

IIOTiM

Mir

6oJIOTa

KJiaCOBOI

qnHOM

JIHIIhKOI 3eMJii.

Ij>JiiKT

MilK

)J,OBi)J,a-

iHTepBeH-

ceJIHH

(rraHa)

CIIOBi)J,i

,Ha BJiaC-

BoHH

IIIJIHXTHqa

H)J,OBHTHM

rroBcTaJii

IIOTOIIHJIH

3Bi)J,TiJIH

)J,Op03i

iforo

IIaHa,

BOHH

yqacTh

rrpaBOCJiaBHHH

IlicJIH

XTO

HaiiaJIH

,paiiTOBO-BeJIHKHM

110

poo;i.

po3Bi)J,HHKiB

)J,OIIOMororo

CXOIIHJIH

rrpo6HB

qoJIOBiK

O)J,HH

PycLKoro

I I O)J,i6HHM

1613

6paB a

IIOTiM

3eMJIIO

IIpoTe

CJiyr,

HKHHCh

IIpHIIaJIH,

TOBKJIH".

IIaHChKHX

TaM

cBolx

HKHH

,rrpHMyiiiyBaB

rpy)J,H

KiJihKOCTi

)],BOX

IX,

BHCIIOBi)J,aBcH".

rypTOM

MopcToKo

Jiic.

BKJIHKHYB

Bipn,

epe3

KoJioMnl,

Mirn:aHH

II06HJIH

III: 06

KaTOJIHIIhKOI

)J,O

illerrapiBo;i",

3aBeJIH

rrorpo3aMH,

B030M:

JlLBOBa.

CeJIO

nJIIO)J,HHIIhKHH,

lxaB

MiUJ:aH

pi3HOIO 3 6p 0€10,

illerrapiBo;i.

CJiyr-rro6epelKHHKiB, HaiXaJIH

3aiiaCIIIHCh

MaeTHiCTh"

IIIJIHXTnq

KOJIOMHHChKHX

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

KOCThOJia",

3aB)J,aBaJIH

cBiil

6iK

rrepe)J,Mirn:aH,

3a6opOHHJIH

co6i

OCTaHHiM

6yJIH

BHKOHyBaTH

KChOH)J,3Y BeJIHKOI IIIKO)J,H.

,rrpHBJiaCHHBIIIH

HKi

BHKOHyBaTH

6y)J,h-HKi

KchOH)J,3

rrepe)J,MiUJ:aH,

BCHKi

,)J,i-

CKap-

3BHKJIO,

po60TH

lfllocmpoBaHa

icmopiR

IIOCJiyrH". ,B3RJIH

IlpwwpnammR.

TBep)J,.lKeHHRM

BH)J,epJIH"

6iJILIIIe

,KOCThOJI

KOCThOJILHi

rrepe)J,Mirn;aHH 36pono xa.

KChOH)J,3iB pon:i

MaJia

IIOpaHeHHR.

,Merre Me He

rropaHHB

YCLOMY

cTapocTa

MiCTaX

cy)J,HB

D.oro cJiyrH

CTapOCTBa

IIpH

llhOMY

3BepHyJIHCR

rrpoTH

HaCTYIIY

raJIHU:hKOI

y6HB

pyKH,

)1,0

3eMJii.

qiTKO

BqHHHB,

IIOMCTH Bi)J,IIOBiB:

3a Te,

rroqeTBepTOBaHO.

CMepTh.

CrroqaTKY

40-x poKax XVII

IlpHqHHa

O)J,Ha

3a )J,OXO)J,aMH rropyiiiyBaJIH

Ta .lK:

BCTaHOBJie-

6e3KOHTpOJihHO,

BJia)J,y.

CKaproiO.

ID:O

KOMeH)J,aHT,

CTapOCTHHCLKY

KOMeH)J,aHTa.

BHHHOro

BeJIH ce6e

1641

KpaBU:R

CHRTHHChKHH

IIOTiM

Arr!J,pa-

KaTOJIHU:L-

KChOH)J,3a

CTapOCTBi.

KOpOJIR

KaTOJIHU:hKHX

CHRTHHChKOrO

Mirn;arr crrocTepiraJIHCR B

BCIO

rrriTy

CBOrO BqHHKY

3aCy)J,HB

BHCTyiiaJIH

Mirn;aH.

.lKaJIIO

3a6paJIH

Mirn;aHH

Xy)J,iK

IIpHqHHY

CiBepChKHH

rrororri

pon:i

RKicL

KOC-

Bi)J, qoro BCe

Mirn;aHHHa Jlerrap)J,a

Mirn;aHH

aJie

Hi HOpMH <J>eo)J,aJILHHX IIOBHHHOCTeH, pHCTOByiOqH

6yJIH

KpaBeU:L

CHRTHHChKOMY

ID:O

IIOCJiyrH,

3aBopyiiieHHR,

CaMHX

CiBepChKOro,

o6H)J,Bi

MacoBi BHCTYIIH ceJIRH i CTOJiiTTR

cy)J,

rrpo

Cy)J,

Bi)J,py6arro

6yrrTy

.lK

1628

rrepe)J,Mirn;arr

iHIIIHX

CiMOH

roJIOBy".

6yJio

eKOHOMiqrroro

Hapa)J,.lKyBaB,

KChOH)J,3

ID:O Jlerrap)J,

Ili)J,Cy)J,HHH

HiXTO

TOR

CiMOHa

BHIIJIHBa€,

TOrO

KepiBHHU:TBOM

MiCLKHH

KChOH)J,3a

CJii)J,CTBa

,IJ:o rn;e

IIi)J,HiMaJIH

IIpOTH

Micn:e

ID:O

Toro

Mirn;arr

IIi)],

6opOTL6a

HOMY

BeJiaCR

CHRTHHCLKHH

B6HBCTBO

3y6o.lKi€".

CHJiaMH

TOrO,

po6HTH

1000 3JIOTHX IIIKO)J,H,

BH)J,HO,

KepiBHHKaMH

raJIHU:LKHX

CaHOBHHKiB

Ilo)J,i6Ha

aKTiB

BHaCJii)J,OK

3a6opOHHJIH

RK Ha

IIJie6aHiR 3

CIIiJILHHMH

pyKax.

EopoTL6a

KHX

IIOJIR.

6iJILIIIe

283

KChOH)J,3a,

rrepe)J,Mirn;aH

ThOJI 3a3Ha€ rn;opiqrro

ToM

Mirn;aHH

BHKO-

CeJIRHH

KopoJiiBChKHH

ypR)J,,

rn;o6 3aCIIOKOITH IX, BH)J,aB IM crren:iaJILHY IIHCLMOBY rreTHU:iiO

(,rJieHT"),

rrpeTeH3il"

RKiH

)1,03BOJIHB

CTapOCTH. Ha B

KOpHCTh aKTi,

3B'R3KY 3 CTapOCTH

,3apa3

rricJIR

IlepeJIRKaHHH HapOCTaHHR KOpOJieBi pOJih,

j i .KOIO

U:HM

Mirn;aHH

6y)J,L-RKi Toro

rJieD.Ty

TaKe

)J,OIIOMOrH

3arp03JIHBe

JIHCTOIIa)J,a

MiCLKOrO ypR)J,y, 3aMeiiiKYIOTh

BiJILHHMH CeJIRHH

<J>eo)J,aJILHi

Bi)J,

3aiiHCaHO

rro6yrrTyBaJIHcn".

II.

OIIOpy,

CTaHOBHrn;e poKy

TaKO.lK )1,0

)J,e-rre6y)J,h

Bi)J,MOBHJIHCR BHKOHyBaTH

IloTOU:hKHH, HeraHHO

YTHXOMHpeHHi

164 6

CHJIH

IIOBHHHOCTi

CTapocTa

Mirn;aHChKO-CeJIRHChKOrO

6aqaqH

RKi

,6yTH

CHRTHHCLKHH

IIpOCHB

HOipaHrrqqi,

CTBa,

IIpHrrriqeHHM

pyxy

BH)J,aB

IIOCKap.lKHBCR

IIOBCTaJIHX.

Ko-

MOJI)J,aBO-IIOJihChKOMY

yHiBepcaJI

)1,0

,BCiX Mirn;aH Ta iHIIIOrO CaMOMY

6aqaqH

CHRTHHi

CHRTHHIIOCIIiJIL-

OKOJIHU:RX

284

BoJtoiJuMup

MicTa".

MiCTh",

rn:o Mirn:ann i

TyBaJincn.

yniBepcaJii

,I:(aJii

KopoJih

roBopnB,

ceJIHHH,

3BepTaBCH

rn:o )J,O

oTpnMaBIIIH

BiH

)1,0

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

Hhoro

)J,iHIIIJia Bi)J,o-

rrorrepe)J,Hiil rJieiiT,

6yHTiBHHKiB,

rro6yn-

IIOHCHIOBaB,

UJ:O

,Ta

o6opona naiiioro rJieiiTy ne BH)J,ana )J,JIH Toro, rn:o6 BH MaJIH BHJiaMy-

i3 o6oB'H3KOBHX po6iT,

BaTHCh

BH)J,aHHH BiH TiJihKH )J,JIH TOrO, Ha)J,MipHOCTHM JIHCTOM, BaM

6oKy

(Mirn:anaM

B HiHKiH Mipi

HaKa3

6y)J,eTe

BHKOHyBaTH".

anyJIIOBaB

)J,OMOrTHCH

3aCIIOKO€HHH

UJ:iB

rrepeKOHY€

ypH)J,y

)1,0

6y)J,eTe

MiUJ:aH

AJie

HOBHH

CIIOpiB

Haiii

HaiiiHM

HaKa3y€MO BHKOHyBaTH

KOpOJiiBChKHM

KopoJih

BOJii

yBary

MeMH

,To

qnHHTH

BaMH

CHH-

cy)J, He BHHece ne )J,yMaB

XHTpO-

KOpOJiiBChKOrO

cy)J,OM.

IIOKH

yHiBepcaJI

rrpncrraTH

B)J,a€ThCH )1,0

IIi)J,KOpHTHCH

KOpOJiiBChKHH

BChOMY u;eif Haiii

KOpOJiiBChKHH

KOpOJih

KOpOJih,

CBOIX o6iu;nnoK

III, o 6

piiiieHHH.

CeJIHH

HaKa3yBaB

THHChKHM CTapOCTOIO )J,eKpeT.

THM

6yHTH

rJieHTOM,

HeiiOCJIYIIIHHX,

IIOJiarO)J,MeHHH

)J,OTH,

IIpHIIHHHTH

0TMe,

rrorrepe)J,H€

,ToMy

HaiiiOMY CHHTHHChKOMY )J,epMaB£110

3aCJIOHHTHCH THM

c)>aKTnqno

IIOBHHHOCTeif"

He3a)J,OBOJieHHX,

cyBopo

3)J,aBHa HaJieMaTh He

CTapOCTH.

KOpOJih

ceJIHHaM)

HKi

HaJieMHHX

3arro6irTH BCHKHM rropyiiieHHHM

CHHTHHChKOrO

IIOIIepe)J,MyBaB

IIOBHHHOCTi, i

THrapiB

UJ: 0 6

Bi)J,IIOBi)J,HHH

BHKonyBaTn.

Bin

naBiTh ne 3ra)J,yBaB rrpo TepMiH rroJiaro)J,MeHHH crropy B cy)J,i.

3aTe ne

3a6yB B KiHu;i yHiBepcaJiy rOCTpO IIOIIepe)J,HTH HeiiOCJIYIIIHHX:

,HaKa-

3Y€MO BaM B)J,pyre B YChOMY IIi)J,KOpHTHCh CBO€MY CTapOCTi IIi)], 3arpo3 010

cyBopo I

Kapn

YKpaiHChKe

pa3i

raJIHllhKe

neBHKOHaHHH

Mirn:ancTBO,

naiiio I

JiacKn".

rroqnna10qn

XVI

cToJiiTTn,

Bi)J,CTOIOBaJIO CBOI rrpaBa B MiChKOMY CaMoyrrpaBJiiHHi, 6opOJIOCH rrpoTH HaCHJihCTBa MiChKOrO IIaTpHu;iaTy. TH nau;ionaJILHoro

rniTy,

3aB)J,HKH CTiHKOCTi i Macy

OCHOBHY CBOIX

pyKax

1614

pou;i

6yproMicTpa, ChKoro Kou;ana,

COJii)J,apHOCTi yKpaiHChKHX MiUJ:aH,

HaCeJieHHH,

B )J,eHKHX

BJia)J,y.

IIpnKJia)J,OM

MichKHH

MaricTpaT

pa)J,HHKiB

(pailu;iB),

Jia, RKoBa II eKapcLKoro U:iKaBo,

MiCTaX

u;Loro

MOMe

CKJia)J,aBcn

yKpaiHlli 6yTn

HKi CKJia)J,aJIH yTpHMyBaJIH

PoraTHH.

yKpaiHlliB:

TyT

B y

MoJIH-

CTerrana IIacTepnaKa, RKoBa .HnoBnqa, AniJ,pin Knn3iB-

CeMena KoToBnqa,

rn:o

yKpaiHChKOIO

Qe 6yJia OII03HlliH MiUJ:aH rrpo-

cBo€pi)J,Ha cJ>opMa nau;ionaJILHoro rrpoTecTy.

IIpe3HiHChKoro,

KaJIHHOBnqa,

CTerrana

<l>e)J,opa IIepe6iraii-

(rrpncnMnnx).

MaricTpaT

MOBOIO

CTanicJiaBa

Cenn

PoraTnna

)J,iJIOBO)J,CTBi

rri)J,rrncyBaBcn MiCTa.

rri)J,

)J,OKyMeHTaMH

3po3yMiJio,

UJ:O

TaKHH

lfllocmpoeaHa CK Jia)J,

icmopi5l

ypR.IJ:Y

JieHHR.

rreprny

KOJIH

BiHChKOBOI MimaH

IlpuKapnammR. qepry

1630

)J,aHHHH

BHCTYIIHB

3axnmaB

pon:i

irrTepecn

IIIJIRXeTCLKa

)J,OIIYCTHJia

MiCLKHH

285

ToM

HaCHJihCTBO

ypR)J,

qoJii

yKpalrrcLKoro

xopyrBa B

IIpH

Tepe60BJii,

BiHTOM

rrace-

BH6HpaHHi Ha

3aXHCT

JIU:KOM

Calj>'RHH-

ypR.IJ:i

PoraTHHa

KOM. CTa6iJILHe

cTaHOBHme

IIORCHIO€ThCR qaJIO

)J,iRTH

IIi)J,TpHMKOIO

15 9 2

IIOJiiTHqrre

yKpalrrn:iB

HOrO

poKy

KYJILTyprre

yKpaiHChKHMH

MiCLKOMY

PoraTHHChKHM

MaJIO

.lKHTTR

6paTCTBaMH

BeJIHKHH MicTa.

ycrriiiiHO

6paTCTBOM,

BIIJIHB

Bono

crriJILHO

6opOJIOCh

RKe

IIO-

eKOHOMiqrro-

IIpOTH

iHIIIHMH

IIOJihChKOrO

rraTpHU:iRTY. TaKa

6opOTL6a

MicTax

IIpOXO)J,HJia

IIpnKaprraTTR

rroJIOBHHH

XVII

cToJiiTL.

CaMoyrrpaBJiiHHi

MiCT

ChKHX

Bona

3eMeJIL.

CLKoro

HaCeJieHHR

II036aBJieHHR OHaJILHOrO

rrpaB

BopoTL6a Ba.lKJIHBa

cBi.IJ:qHJia

IIpOTH

Tepe6oBJii,

CTap03BHqaeBi

OrrnparoqncL KHR3RMH MimaHH

II.U:RM

BrrepTOIO

H I» T I.

rra

IIOCHJieHHR

Mipi

Tpa)J,HU:il

Mimarr

yqacTL

3aXi)J,HOyKpaiH-

rrpoTecT

yKpalrr-

3aCHJIJIR,

COU:iaJILHOrO

3)J,aBaJIH

6yJIH

aKTHBHHMH

MiCLKOMY

cepe)J,OBHmi rrpaBo,

IIpOTH i

HaU:i-

BH)J,aJiaCR

cToJiiTL

CBOIO

Peqi

3aXi)J,HOyKpa-

Bipy,

rypTyBaJIII

IIocrroJIHTol,

HaBKOJIO

IIpH-

.lKHTTi

MiCT.

JIIO)J,CLKY

Bcix .IJ:iJIRHKax MiCLKoro .lKHTTR,

IIJlTOMY

CaMoyrrpaBJiiHHi.

OIIOpOIO

6paTCTBa

HaCeJieH-

KaTOJIHU:hKHM

KYJILTypHOMY

Bi)J,CTOIOBaJIH

ropO)J,Ky,

rra)J,arri me raJIHU:L-

KOpOJIRMH,

iH03eMHHM

CKJiaJIHCR

yKpaiHChKOrO

rrpHBiJiel,

IIOJihChKHMH

II03HU:iH

6opOTL6a

rrorrepe)J,rrix

IIOJiiTHqHoMy

BOHH

IIR

HeJierKiH

6opOTL6i

MiCLKOIO

IIOJihChKOIO BepxiBKOIO, RKY IIi)J,TpHMyBaJIH MiCU:eBi i

ypR.IJ:H

BCiX

rreprnol

BHIIIHi, JlLBOBi, ,Uporo6nqi,

IIi)J,TBep)J,.lKeHi He

eKOHOMiU:i,

Ba.lKJIHBOIO

TVI rraBHi

ITO

iCTOpil

KaTOJIHU:hKOrO

rrpoTRroM

cTapoBHHHe

6opOTL60IO

bKQ

6e3rrepepBHHH

RCKpaBOIO

)J,e

HL\

rrpo

HaH6iJILIII Cy)J,OBiH

(HCbKI

6iJILIIIiH

yKpalrrcLKHX

MiCU:eBoro JIIO)J,Y i

PoraTHHi,

KHMH

rroJIOBHHH

CTOpiHKa

iH03eMHOrO

CTapo)J,aBHiX MiCTax

HR.

.IJ:pyrol

rHiTy.

XapaKTepHO,

MiU:Hi

MeHIIIiH

rrpoTRroM

rrpnKaprraTCLKOMY

raJinqa, ce6e

PoraTHHa,

OII03HU:iHHe

MimaHCTBY

CTpaTHHa,

MiCU:eBe

IIIJIRXeT-

U:eHTpaJILHi 6yJIH

KoJIOMHl.

HaCeJieHHR i

rrpaBoHH

IIIJIRXOM

IIOIIIHpBHH.H OCBJT1.1 Ta rrayKH crrpHRJIH pocTy caMocBi.IJ:OMOCTi yKpa-

.... .iKO

IIpO.IJ:Y,

BHOCIIJIII

TOR

roJIOBHHH

lj>epMeHT,

RKHH

CTaB

286

BoJtoiJuMup

3aiiaJihHHM 6n,

rn:o

lj>aKeJIOM

ToqnJiacn

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

BIIepTOI coujaJihHOI HapO)J,HO-BH3BOJihHOI 6opOTh-

MaiiMe

ycix

MicTax

ceJiax

3axi)J,rroyKpalrrchKHX

3eMeJih. CaMe THBHO rri)J,

IIHM

MOMHa

BKJIIOqHJIOCH

rrpoBO)J,OM

1648

poKy

OCHOBHOIO HH

qoMy

raJIHllhKe

HapO)J,HO-BH3BOJihHY

Eor)J,arra

IIi)J,HHJIO apeHOIO

oqoJIHB

rroncHHTH,

XMeJihHHllhKoro,

IIOBCTaHHH

HKOrO

CTaJIO

rrpocJiaBJieHHH

BiHHY

HapO)J,HHX

TaK

yKpaiHChKOrO

crriJihHO

MaC

IlpHKaprraTTH,

CeMeH

Mirn:arrcTBO

ceJIHHaMH 3axi)J,HOI

)J,e

aK-

Hapo)J,y Bocerrn

YKpaiHH,

HapO)J,He

IIOBCTaH-

Bncoqarr.

3AIIOPI3bKI K03AKH HA IIPHKAPIIATTI (A~

__ A

?)]: Jl

apOCTaHHH K03allhKOI

CeJIHHChKO6opOTh6H

IIpaBo6epeMMi u;i

XVI

JiiTh

rroqaTKY

IIOCTiHHO

KY IIIJIHXTY, KH

JIHKaJIO

cTo-

raJIHllh-

a)J,Me BOHa He TiJih-

BIIJIHBaJia Ha IIi)J,HeCeHHH

JIHHChKO- OIIpHIIIKiBChKOrO B

Kirr-

XVII

Kparo,

3arpoMyBaJia 3allhKHX Bax

ChKHX KOIO Toro

o;eif

<J>eo)J,aJiiB

iHCTPYKllil

CTpax

lcTOfH!«>~

Toro

l\l.tilb"l)fl111)" Tl:S

1r;n~~:Kst~!f

IIOJih-

TaK,

CBaBOJIIO

TpHMaTH

JIIO-

HllliUt.:HeHHU

AllOf\j~ro ~ ~AJ..I,TEA

crreu;iaJILHiil

BOHH 'rrpOCHJIH

'PI£

500-pi~ttiO

rrepe)J, K03ao;L-

poKy

"3araMyBaTH" K03aKiB,

K0-

rrocTarro-

ceiiMHKY

rre6e3rreKoiO.

15 9 0

pyxy

HaCKOKaMH

3arorriB.

Bi)J,6HTO

ce-

6e3rrocepe)J,HhO

raJIHllhKoro

qacy

:1 .......... IC'\V• ,.'IQof(Tttt"• ~Mt1

CeHM

...

.,._ ~)~ "..."'1"k~F" R.RI~~

HH30BHX )J,HCIIHII-

Jiirri. IIpoTe rra rroqaTKY 3arropi3LKi K03aKH 3 OCHOBHOrO rroqaJIH

1590

poKy

Ilo)J,rrirrpoB'H

BOrHHID:a IIOBCTaHh

IIpOHHKaTH

OKpeMH-

06KJtaiJuHJ<a meopie

KamaJtoca

aemopa,

BUHUKHeHH5l

(1992).

eucmaeKu

npUCB5l1.feHOi

3anopi3bK020 XyiJoJICHUK

500-pi1.f1.f/O K03aU,mBa

I2op .aepKa1.f

ImocmpoeaHa MH

3aroHaMH

TY.

I I i)J,

ChKi

HKHM

TaKHM

aJihHO

JIHJia,

HaKa3aB

u;e

BHaCJii)J,OK

60BJIH,

yKpirrJieHHH,

HKi

yKpiiiJIHJIHCH, IIIJIHXTH. B

1594

poKy

rrpo

MOrJIH u;i

U:e

poKy

rri)J,

0)J,HH

TaKi

CeJIHH,

6oKy

KOpOJIH

BH)J,aB

,3a)J,ep.lKaTH

BHCTYIIH

HH30BlliB 3

K03aKiB",

K03aKiB"

CeHM 3

HaCTYII

IIOBi)J,OM-

HHIIIHJIH

3aMKH,

XVI

Ha)J,iHHi

KOpOJiiBIIocrro-

raJinq,

orropHi

K03allhKHX

IIOJieriiiHJIH cToJiiTTH

Tepe-

rraHChKi

3aroHiB.

CTaHOBHilla

3aMKH

raJIHllhKOI

3arroqaTKyBaJIH rroxo-

Haif6iJihiiiHX Bi)J,6yBCH

CeBepnHa

crreu;i-

YKpaiHn".

TpHBOrOIO

HKi

yHiBep-

BoHa BHMaraJia Bi)J, ceiiMy 6iJILIIIe

yKpaiHChKi

KiHu;i

rrepiiiHX

rrpoBO)J,OM

cTapocTi

Haif6iJihiii

CTpHMaTH

3arropi3LKi K03aKH B

III

IIaH-

KChOH-

He6e3rreKa Ha iHIIIi 3eMJii Peqi

6yJIH

3aXO)J,H

IIpOCHTH

CnrH3MYH,ll,

IIOBi-

rpOMHTH

KaTOJIHllhKHX

IIIJIHXTa Bee

HH30BHX

IIpnKaprraTTH.

iHIIIi.

CeJIHHaM

CTaJIO

KopoJih

,rropH,ll,OK

3MiliHIOBaTH

Tepe60BJIHHChKOrO

HeHaBHCHHX

raJIHllhKa

,cBaBOJii

O)J,HaK

raJinqnHy.

6oKy

3aCIIOKOITH"

rroiiinproBaJiacn

<J>opTnlj>iKyBaTH

)J,H

KiHIIH

cTaTTIO

rrepe)J,oBciM

)J,OIIOMaraJIH

3aTpHBO.lKHJIOCh

Toro

He )J,OIIOMaraJIO.

CHHTHH

BOHH

Tepe6oBJIHHChKOMY

,)1,0

ChKi i I I MaeTKH, JIHTOI i

IIo)J,iJIJIH

287

ToM

IIIJIHXTY

3HOBY

qepBHH

qnHOM

IIIO

IIOXO)J,iB

HHIIIHTH

rrpniiHHB

AJie

IlpuKapnammR.

raJIHllhKe

IIHX

IIaHCTBO

3axncTy. caJI,

qac

Ma€TKH,

)1,3iB.

icmopi5l

JIHIIHi-ceprrHi

HaJIHBaiiKa. Ha .lKaJIL, Bi)J,OMi TKH

JIHIIIe

rrpo

icTopiorpalj>ii HaM

lj>parMeHTapHi

u;eil

rroxi)l,.

Tepe6oBJIHHChKHX rax Bi

3a Toil

piK

)J,OKyMeHTH,

36eper JIHCH B

HKHX

rrpo

poTL6y

HaJIHBaiiKa

3eMJIHX.

KyMeHTiB KH

u;iKa-

p03IIOBi-

aHTnlj>eo)J,aJILHY 6oHa

ABTOpaMH

6yJIH

raJIHllhIIHX

IIIJIHXTHqi,

)1,0-

Ma€T-

HKHX 3HHIIIHJIH IIOBCTaHu;i

JIHBaHKa.

rpo,ll,ChKHX KHH-

)J,a€ThCH

KHX

3Bic-

I I poTe

Ha-

MeTOIO Bi)J,IIIKO)J,yBaHHH

CBOIX 36HTKiB BOHH IIO)J,aJIH CKaprH,

Haucmapiuxa K03al{bKa ne1.famKa mbMalla Fpu<opi5l Jlo6oiJu 3 1595 p,

HKi

KHHrax.

enepute BURB.Ilella aemopoM

c»

(i apxieax Jli1.fumu y 1964 p.

HJihHOCTi Jii

36eper JIHCH Y

MiChKHX

IIHX CKaprax IIO)J,a€Th-

TOIJHHil

OTIHC

HaCTYTIY

HaJIHBaiiKa

rycHTHHi.

,[l,i-

Tepe6oB-

288

Tpa 6oeeu, bJW i1

BoJtoiJuMup

llicnH rrpu~yrneHHH CeRHHChKO-K03arrhKHX ITOBCTaHh rri~ rrpOBO~OM HanuBaiiKa ypn~ Peqi TiocrronuTol BH~aB rrpoTu K03aKiB pH~ 3aKoHiB. Bi~Be~eHO

3 OKpeMa, B ITOCTaHOBi KOHCTHTYrrii 15 9 6 poKy HHH rraparpalj> BUMaraROCH

RIO~eii

,3aranhMyBaTU Ha

CurU3MYH~

KOpORh

HarrpaBneHi ~eii".

,rrpo K03aKiB

rrpOTU

rreprnoMy

BU~aB

CBaBiRhHUX", y

YKpaiHi

HHX

K03arrhKy".

15 9 7 poKy aM

KBiTHi

aHTUij>eo~aRhHOrO

CBaBORIO

Koponh

pyxy

CITerrianh-

HKOMY rOCTpO

TaKUX

rrepeKoHyBaB

~Ba

lloTiM

yHiBepcanu,

,cBaBiRhHHX RIOEparrnaBChKoro

BuHHHrrhKoro cTapocTy €. CTpyca, mo, crruparoquch Ha rroBi~oMneH HH

3 MiCrrh,

,cBaBiRhHi RIO~U"

36upaiOThCH ,B Kyrru"

CuH

EociJaHa

npufxae

3B'H3KY

XMe!lbHUU,bKOi!O BeJtuKof

3 fiUM

BHXO~HTh

cno6i~ IXHiX

po6nHTh HacKoKu B TypeqquHy i

TuMiUJ

ciflJtJO.

YKpai"Hu

KOpORh

HaKa3aB

KoJtoMuf

1647 p.,

XyiJoJ~CHUK

o6oM

,ITHRhHO rrepecTepiraTU TaKUX 3noquHrriB i

leap

CTapOCTe, Mon~aBiiO.

KyiJu

BiH

.aepKa1.f

CTapOCTaM ~RH

6e3ITeKU

CBaBiRhHHX RIO~eii ROBU-

TH, rpoMuTu, mo6 3 Toro HarroTiM qoro riprnoro He Buiirnno", To6To mo6u

crranaxHyno

yHiBepcani KOpORh

cenHHChKO-K03arrLKe

rrpH3HaBaBCH,

Te, mo B EparrnaBChKOMY i ~eHKi

liTO ~0

rroBcTaHHH.

HhOrO ~iHlliRH

iHrnoMy

3BiCTKH

rrpo

BuHHHrrhKOMY cTapocTBax ,36upaiOThCH

CBaBiRhHi RIO~U B KYITH i

XOTHTh

lliKO~HTH

TypeqquHi

Mon

lfllocmpoeaHa )J,aBi'i'',

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

He3Ba)KaiOqH

)J,ep*aBaMH.

CBaBiJILHHX JIIO)J,eH Bci

U:i

rrorrepe)J,HTH MiCU:eBHX

MHpHi

pa3

)J,OrOBOpH

HaKa3yBaB

3a IX BHCTYIIH

CeHMOBi

BHOCHJIHCh

KopoJIL

IIOCTaHOBH

rpO)J,ChKi

aKTH.

raJIHU:LKHX

CeJIRH

TOR

qac

IIpOTH

<J>eo)J,aJiiB, Ta

BOJii

n:e

JIOBHTH

U:HMH

rpoMHTH

KOpOJiiBChKHX HaKa3iB. yHiBepcaJIH

IIIJIRXTa

aJie

II OCIIOJIHTOI

Peqi

cTapocTi

KOpOJiiBCLKi

Po6HJia

K03aKaMH

289

ToM

mo6n

HapOCTaHHIO

CTapaHHO

JIHIIIe

3arro6irTH

MeTOIO

3B'R3KaM

aHTH<!Jeo)J,aJILHOI

6o-

p0Th6H. ,Uech B*e

rrepiiiHX

BHCJia

3arpo3a

ChKiH

KHH3i

lxHi

Q en

1613

Bi)J,

poKy

3aiiOPO*U:iB

3arropi)K)KR

HacTyrr

K03aKiB

IIO)J,iiO.

1613

BOJIOCTi, BciM

YKpaiHi",

JIKIIIO HHX,

MO:>KHa

BO,ll,OM

3B'R3KH

Wfl~XTOIO,

M ~

3arOHH

1.1 j~

IIpHqHHH

BOJii

IIi)J,MOBOIO

IIIJIRXTnqa

nil(i

iil>o<

6yB

IIi)],

rpO)J,-

3arOJIOBKOM Haiii

BHIIa)J,KOBHM.

IIIJIRXTOIO.

o6roBoproBaTH

]KoJIKeBChKOro, i3

JIIO)J,RM

poKaX BHXO)J,H-

6opOTL6y cenM

BiHChKOM

YTHCKH

IIOXO)J,y

<l>epeHU:

)J,iRJIH H

0:10

K03aKH

3 arropi)K)KR

BCRKOrO

3aiiHCaHO 3

Ilo)J,iJIJii,

raJIHU:LKY

CTaHy

ITO

aKTaX,

,6yB

)1,0

TiJILKH

U:HM

II OBiT.

TiCHHX

MiCTeqKa

QLOMY

IIpHqHHOIO

3ariH, IIpH6yBIIIH B MiCTO, MOHaXaMH,

)J,eRKi

KoJIOMHHChKHH

rrepe6yBaB

YKpaiHH

3eMJIIO.

HaceJieHHRM.

K03aKiB

rop6aiii

3B'R3i

IIpH-

KoJIOMHI

)1,0

p03IIpaBJIRBCR

T06TO HaH6iJILIII

HeHaBHCHH-

ceJIRH.

MeTy

MilllaHHHa

CIIiHMaTH

.H6JIOHOBCLKoro

B~"iXaB

3MYCHB

raJIHU:LKHM

KOJIOMHHChKOrO

co6i

MaTBiR

iapOCTa

BBe)J,eHHR

IIIHpOKO

3arropo*U:iB

MilllaH

IIOCTaBHJIH

raJIHU:LKiH

1613-1615

Bi)J,HOBJIRJIH

IIpOHHKaTH

KaTOJIHU:hKHMH

rroporaMH

Ha-

Ilo)J,iJIJii.

TpbOXCOT HH30BHX K03aKiB".

MOJI)J,aBiiO, <J>eo)J,aJiiB

KoJioMnl.

reTLMaHa

3JiiCTh

MOrJIH

3aiiOp0)KIIRMH,

BeJIHKHM

MilllaHHH

CBO€l

TaK,

)J,OKyMeHT

MicTa

XMeJILHHK

KOpOHHOrO

30KpeMa

BHRCHHTH

IIiB)J,HR.

K03aKH

BOJIOCTi

qHHHTH

K03aU:LKi

KoJIOMHHChKHH

raJIHU:LKHX

KoJIOMHHIIIHHY

IIIO

,BHHIIIOBIIIH

6e3rrepeqHo,

Cnp~sm~

l:\\

CJIOBaMH

rroqaJIH

K03aKiB

)J,JIR

3HaXO)J,HMO

Ha MicTo

pon:i,

MeiiiKaHU:RMH

TOroqacHHX )J,)KepeJI Bi)J,OMO, JIH

IIOXO)J,H

cToJiiTTR

3 RKOrO )J,OBi)J,y€MOCR rrpo IIOXi)J, 3aiiOPO*U:iB y

3B'R3KH

IIOXi)J,

XVII

HaCTYIIY IIOBCTaHU:iB

,rop6aiiia CBRTO", Kpan

aKTHBi3yBaJIHCR

poKax

,rOCTHTH lyJiyKiH,

TY)J,H

<l>epeHU:a

rop6aiiia

KOJIOMHHChKOrO

noro

BeCiJIJIR"

*iHKy. )1,0

K03a-

IIi)J,CTapOCTY

,UoBi)J,aBIIIHCL,

IIaHa

IliHKH,

CHRTHH-

BHpyiiiHJia COTHR KiHHHX 3aiiOp0)K-

290

BoJtoiJuMup

Bcmyn Ha

n:iB. -

0)J,HaK

)J,O

3anopi3b/WX

Ltofli

rrorrepe)J,*eHHH

ToBMaqa.

po6HJIH rpyiiiKH JIIOBaB

li)KaBo,

Bi)J,)J,aJieHi

qac

U:HX

CeJIRHaMH. 3arOHH

3aiiOpO)KU:iB.

rpyiiiU:i

)J,aJIH

IIepe6yBaHHR HHMH

KoJIOMHI

BHKJIHKaJIO BiHCLKa

,qHHHB

3arropi3LKHX

3arropo*U:iB 3

BeJIHKi

CeJia,

3YCTpiqaJIH CTaBHJIHCR

MapiiiiB Ha

)J,aBaJIH

raJIHU:LKiH

3B'R3KH

K03aKaMH,

*iHKa

)1,0

aJie CeJia

qoJIOBiK KOHTpO-

IlpOTH

HHX

BO€BO)J,H,

MimarrHH

HeiiOKOIB

BHKJIHKaJIH

3YCTpiqaJIHCh

)1,0

HHX,

IIO)KHBY.

3eMJii,

KOJIH

rop6aiii

MiCLKHX

3)J,06yTTR

BHCTYIIHJIH IM

CeJIRHH

rrepecyBaHHR IX ITO

HapeiiiTi, IIIJIRXTi B)J,aJiocn crriiiMaTH rop6aiiia i lloro

lloro

KoJIOMHI,

raJIHU:LKi

aJie IIOTiM IIOBepHyBCR B

3YXBaJILCTBa",

Jl.epKaLt

CHRTHHOM

TphOXCOT

IIOCTiHHe

EeJI3LKoro

K03aKaMH,

IIi)],

)J,06pe

K03aKiB

MicTa.

JIHIIIe

IIpOXO)J,HJIH

cepe)], IIIJIRXTH.

KocoBa,

rre

Icop

3eMJii.

IIIJIRXY

IloTiK,

KepiBHHU:TBOM

IIO)J,aBCR 6y JIO

3ariH

Bi)J,OMO,

)J,O

)J,isiJIH

1613 p.

XyiJoJICHUK

TyJiyKOBa

Ma6yTL,

<!>opTeU:i

rrepeiiOJIOX

rri)J,

JIOIIIHTH"

)1,0

K03aKH

AJie,

KOHR,

KoJtoMUJO

yTiK

K03aKH

IIpHKaprraTChKOI

Micmo

IIIJHIXTHq

Ko3aU:LKHH

IIOXO)J,iB

)J,)KepeJI

TonopoBCbKUM.

IIOXO)J,H

Ha)J, ,Il;HiCTpOM. IIpOCTOpH

Ili)J,

Ko3aKiB

noJtKOBHUKOM

Fpa6oBeU,b/WU

0Kpy3i ypR)J,OBi

B)J,aJiocn

,BHrro-

crroqaTKY

TaKo*

MiCTO.

Birr

)J,aJii

rH06HTeJiiB. cy)J,HTH.

CBI,IJ:KIB-cemm

III.o6 )J,OBecni

<l:>e)J,opa

Kyi

pa,

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

Cmpama

C/JepeHl{a

UJ,O

BOHVI

Fa!lulfi

Fop6aUJa, Ha

JlH)J,pyxa

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

1613 p. KO!lOMuiicbKOco MiU(aHuHa 300 KiHHUX 3anopi3bKUX K03aKiB

JfCOBmH5l

5/Kuii

291

3anpocue

IloKymm5l.

XydOJfCHUK

rpyiiiKH

6aqHJIH

IIi)J,Cy)J,HOro

,UaHHJia

Mupoc!laB

ToBMaqa,

K03aKaMH.

rama!leBUlf

rrpHMYCHJIH KpiM

TOro,

rrpHCRrHyTH, cy)J,OBi

6yJIH

Ilpe)J,'RBJieHi JIHCTH Bi)J, IIaHi JI6JIOHOBChKOI, B RKHX IIIJIRXTRHKa BHKJia)J,a-

WVIPOKY ,cKapry rrpoTH o6BHHyBaqerroro". ,UoBro MyqnJIH rri)J,cy)J,rroro

M H

raJIHU:hKHX Ka3eMaTaX,

i · M

n Miil

........ Hi

KaH i

VIM

XVII

poKax

laK,

ieMJIIO

Bi)J,py6aJIH

roJioBy. U:e 3arrpoToKoJioBarro B MiCLKiH KHH3i. X

HaBaJiaMII

l:JopHIIll

IIOTiM IIOKapaJIH HOrO Ha CMepTh -

0:0

ipa,

Kopomo,

1629

p a 10M

800

CTOJiiTTR

3arropi3LKi

K03aKH

pon:i

reTLMaH

IIOJihChKHMH TaTap.

3B'R3KY 3 6opOTL60IO 3 TaTapChKHKiJILKa

U:iH

pa3iB

pe€CTpOBOrO

BiHCLKaMH 6HTBi

!1,pyrHH 6yB IIOJIOHeHHH i

rrepeXO)J,HJIH K03aU:TBa

IIi)J,iHIIIOB

3arHHYB

IIi)],

O)J,HH

raJIHU:LKY rpHIIIKO

BypiiiTHH CHHiB

XaHa

rrepe)J,aHHH K03aKaMH IIOJihChKO-

292

BoJtoiJuMup

3arropi3LKe BHpOCJIO

K03a£1TBO

MoryTHiH

XVI

Kirru;i

IIOJiiTHqHHH

rra

u;eHTp

rroqaTKY

YKpaiHi,

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

XVII

cToJiiTh

HKHM

3MyiiieHi

6yJIH paxyBaTncn HK Piq IIocrroJIHTa, TaK i irriiii cyci)J,Hi KpaiHH. HHTi

IIOXO)J,H

3aiiOp0MlliB

IIpOTH

TypKiB

TaTap

rrpnBeprryJIH

3rraMeyBary

3aXi)J,HO€BpOIIeHChKHX )J,epMaB, KOTpi B6aqaJIH B HHX Ha)J,iHHHH c)>opiiOCT rrpoTH

OcMaHChKOI Typeqqnrrn

IX BacaJia -

YKpaiHChKe K03a£1TBO B Kirru;i rro6Jierrnx Mac YKpaiHH.

tl oro

KpHMChKoro

xarrcTBa.

XVI cToJiiTTH cTaJio rra 3axncT rrpnrpoJih B icTopii rraiiioro Kparo BH3rraqa-

€ThCH rrepe)J,yciM THM,

IIIO HOrO aKTHBHi HaCKOKH Ha TaTapChKi yKpirr-

JieHHH

Typeu;hKi

KpHMY

MiCTa

rrapaJii3oByBaJIH po36iHHHllhKi IIOXO)J,H

3HaqrriH

Mipi

CTpHMyBaJIH

qyMHHlliB Ha YKpaiHy,

30KpeMa,

rra II 3axi)J,Hi 3 eMJii. KpiM Toro, MaiOqH Ha)J,iHHY orropy B 3arropi3hKOMY K03aliTBi, 3aXi)J,HOyKpaiHChKe HaCeJieHHH BIIeBHeHiiiie IIpOTHCTOHJIO c)>eo)J,aJihHO-IIIJIHXeTChKOMY rracTyrroBi. BHHHi

Bono o6epiraJio CBOI rrpaBa, 3Bnqai, Bipy i

Tpa)J,Hllii.

KHucu

aemopa

icmopif

3anopi3bJWi!O

K03au,mea

cTapo-

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

293

ToM

Ko3allhKHH .IJ:YX BOJihHOCTi Ta IIOCTiHHa 6opOTb6a 3aiiOpO.lKlliB rrpoTH

30BHiiiiHiX

BHyTpiiiiHiX

BOporiB

CTaJIH

THM

BOrHHKOM,

TeMHY Hiq IIIJIHXeTChKO-MarHaTChKoro rraHyBaHHH IHi

IIi)J,irpiBaB

KJiaCOBHH

orrip

rrporpeCHBHHX CHJI CXi)J,HOBaHHi

cou;iaJihHOrO

pHHChKHX rrepio)J,

IIpHrH06JieHHX,

CllpHHB

6paTiB

HapO,ll,HO-BH3BOJihHOI' BiHHH

BH3BOJieHHH.

6iJihiiiOIO

Harnoro

HKHH

3axi.IJ:Hiil

BH60p10-

€)J,HiCTh

CHJIOIO

YKpa-

KOHCOJii)J,au;ii

3aXi)J,HOyKpaiHChKHX 3eMeJih y

Hau;ioHaJihHOrO

raJIHllhKHX

Ha)J,)J,Hiii-

IIpOHBHJiaCH

HapO.IJ:Y IIpOTH

IIOJihChKO-

IIIJIHXeTChKOrO rHiTy B 1648-1655 poKaX.

3AMKll I OPTEIJ) f AJillQbKOI 3EMJII OC- <->tj arap6aBIIIH B KiHu;i X I ChKi

% r- 3 THH

OKyrrau;iifHi

BJiaCTi

CTOJiiTTH

raJIHllhKY 3eMJIIO' IIOJih-

HaMaraJIHCH

3aKpiiiHTHCH

Hill.

KoJIHIIIHi Miu;Hi rpa.IJ:H CHHTHH, KoJIOMHH, TncMeHHIIH, PoraraJinq

IIOCTYIIOBO

BTpaqaJIH

CBOIO

)J,aBHIO

IIIJIHXTa He rropyrnyBaJia )J,aBHiH KHH.lKHH YKJia)J, i

CJiaBy.

CrroqaTKY

yKpaiHChKi Tpa,ll,Hllii,

JIHIIIe 3arHi.lK)J,.lKyBaJiaCH B OKpeMHX MiCIIHX Ta 6y,ll,yBaJia co6i )J,BOpH, aJie

IIOCTYIIOBO,

<J>opTeu;i,

B.lKe

XV CTOJiiTTi, CTaJia CIIOpy,ll,.lKyBaTH 3aMKH

mo MaJIH cTaTH

IIpoTnroM 06'eKTiB.

orropo10 II BCeBJia)J,Horo rraHyBaHHH.

XV- XVI I cToJiiTh B HarnoMy Kparo BHHHKJIO 6araTo u;nx 3a )J,aHHMH JI.

KiJILKacoT IX,

Ha 3aXi.IJ:HOyKpaiHChKHX 3eMJIHX,

qaqKoBChKoro,

a Ha IIpnKaprraTTi -

HaJiiqyBaJiocn KiJILKa )J,eCHT-

KiB lj>opTellh, 3aMKiB, yKpirrJieHHX MiCT i MOHaCTHpiB Ta KOCThOJiiB. B KopoJiiBChKHX MaETKax HhBIIU:i,

raJinqi, PoraTHHi i

KOpOJiiBChKi 3aMKH. iaKO.lK

KoJIOMHI,

illernopax -

3po3yMiJio,

CTOHJIH MoryTHi

iaMonqyBaJin,

CHHTHHi,

PaKiBu;i,

6y,ll,yBaJIHCH, HK rrpaBHJIO, H

IIIO 3a rrepio)J, raJIHllhKHX KHH3iB TYT

3aMKH,

pecTaBpau;iero

CoJIOTBHHi,

aJie IXHIO

CJiaBy IIOJihChKi

peMOHTOM IX

rrpaBHTeJii

3aiiMaJincn,

qepe3

i i 10 BOHH IIOCTYIIOBO pyifHyBaJIHCH. 3aTe

BHHHKaJia BeJIHKa KiJihKiCTh

IIpHBaTHHX

IIIJIHXeTChKHX

3aMKiB

v KocoBi, YToporrax, 3a6oJioToBi, Jlroqi, qopHnx OcJiaBax, ,UeJIHiMin

IleLieHi2KHHi,

BoJiocoBi,

Jlncu;i,

Bmo.IJ:HIIKax, MapTIIHOBi

HH.lKHeBi, qepHieBi,

BoiiHIIJIOBi, Ta

HoBIIU:i.

rBh.IJ:u;i,

Jiyu:i, Bci

06epTaHi,

II eperiHChKY, )KypoBi,

0THHii,

Po.lKHHTOBi,

EyKaqiBU:HX,

IIOBiToBi u;eHTpH

JlaHqnHi,

Eepe3HHlli, EiJILIIIiBU:HX,

raJIHllhKOI 3eMJii,

294

BoJtoiJuMup

3aMoK.

KoJtoMuCicbKUCi

3Haqni KY)J,H

MiCTa,

MaJIH

6yJIH

KoJIH MicTax?

qac

pouj

1469

crropy)J,Meno. ID:O

HOrO

BHHHKHeHHH BO€BO)J,a

u;enTpoM

IloKyTTHM, KoJIH

qacTO

BHHHK

CTOJiiTTH,

KOJIH

BiMaB

iloro

3aMoK

6yB

OIIiKOIO

cnra€

6yB

BiH

JIHCTH, poKax

)J,JIH

HeO)J,HOpa30BO

rreperoBopiB

OBOJIO)J,iHHH TOqHJIHCH

IloqaTKH

IIOJihChKHH

rroJihChKOIO

MiM

cyrrepeqKH 3aMoK

iloro

KOpOJih

3aHMaJIHCH

)J,e

THMH

pa30M

6yJio

KOpOHH, raJIHllhKi pa3

6yB

MoJI)J,aBChKHM a

Bin

3)J,a€Thcn,

JlraHJIO

)J,BOMa

rrepBicno

KOpOJih

BMe

IIOJihChKOI

3aMKOM,

rpa)J,ax-

cToJiiTTH.

HKHMH

iloro

II OJihiD: ew

MiM

cnraiOTh,

BiH

CHHTHHChKHM

IIO)J,e-

BOporiB.

cepe)J,HHH

pyKaX 80-x

BaJiaMH,

JiiTorrncnnx

MOJI)J,aBChKOMY

yMe

Bi)J,

3aMKH

BaMJIHBHM

KoJIOMHHChKHH

3'ncyBaTH.

MaB

3aMOK,

aemopa.

o6opOHHHMH

o6opOHH

CnnTHHChKoro

KOpOJii.

)J,HIIJIOMaTnqnnx

rOCIIO)J,apCTBOM.

BaMKO

BHri)J,HOI

MyMHJIO

HacTiJihKH

CaMi

MypaMH

onucoM

FamaJteBUlf

KopoJiiBChKi

rro6y)J,yBaTH

peMOHTOM

MarHaTH

)J,JIH

6yiJ,yBaJIHCH

p03IIOpH)J,MaBCH

MupocJtaB

yKpirrJieHi

6acTiOHH

PeKoHcmpyKU,i5l

XyiJOJICHUK

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

HHM

BCiM

KpaiHaMH. 3Haxo)J,HBcn,

rn:e

Kinu;n

yciM

XIV

IloKyiiHM

IA36

pou;i

KoJIOMHHChKOMY

eTa-

rocrro)J,apw

OJieKcan)J,py.

BJiacnicTIO,

naJieMaB

AJie

lfllocmpoeaHa

icmopiR

IIpuKapnammR.

ToM

295

I pOCTi.

,I(eHKi

BBaMaiOTh,

IIOTiM i

3aMKiB

IlHiBChKOrO

KoJioMuiichKHii

rOJIOBHOIO

KaiJ,iHHOIO

BpaxyBaTu

6yJia

lj>opTHij>i-

orropo10

IIo-

Kparo.

CJii)J,

KYTChKoro

ny,

cepe)J,uni

cToJiiTTH, 6yB

me )1,0 BH-

CHHTHHChKO-

HHKHeHHH ro,

iCTOpUKU

TY o6cTaBu-

KoJIOMHH

rOJIOBHHM

3)J,aBna

CKJia)J,OM

IIpUKaprraTChKOI COJii,

B Hiii CXpemyBaJIUCH BalKJIHBi

TOproBeJihHi

oy)J,iBHHII,TBO ro

raJIUII,hKO-

KOpOJiiBChKOrO

peiiiTKH

pyiH

HiiOThCH Ha

IIIJIHXU.

ropi

Ha)J,

BU)J,-

ChOrO)J,Hi

MiCTOM,

13 6 7

qaJIOCH y

3aMKY,

HKOrO

IIO-

po11,i.

Bin

CTaB pe3U)J,eHIJ,i€10 CTapocTHHChKOI BJia)J,U, IJ,eHTpOM rranyBannn

<PomoKoniR mapocmea Had

JliOcmpau,if

1627

IIpymy

npo

Ko!loMuucbKozo

nepeHeceHHR

zopiutHIO

m020'1GCH020

3eMJii.

'tacmuHy

Ko!loMuucbKozo

Micma

onuc

IJ,i

Miil

THMH, B

iYB

rrepe6yBaJIU

lj>opTe-

BCH

CTa-

CJiyM6a

rapni3on, po3MimaBcH ap-

3GMKY

rrepeXOByBaB

Bi)J,HOBJieHUH

IIOIIIKO)J,UJia

MiCTa

1618

3aMoK, 3a )J,eHKH-

CBiH

CKap6.

KiJihKa pa3iB

1621

po11,i

TaTapcLKa

op)J,a

162 7

p011,i.

3aMOK B)J,aJIOCH Bi)J,HOBUTU aM y

IIUCaB, 3p06UB

IIITyp-

p011,i IIOIIIKO)J,UJIH, Ta poKiB qepe3 )J,Ba

po3IIIupenuu.

iioro,

illapMOBi i,KHH

lj>opTHij>iKaiJ,iiO

raJIHIJ,hKiii

qacu KOpOJIH B. JlraiiJia icHyBaB HK MiiJ,Ha lj>opTeiJ,H, )J,e

rOCIIO)J,ap

My"iM IH iioro TaTapu- B

iHOHY

MiiJ,HiH

pOCTUHChKa

cenaJI.

MOJI)J,aBChKHH

OIIOpHUM

IIIJIHXeTChKOrO

rpyHTOBHY

raJIUII,hKHH

pecTaBpaiJ,iiO

CTapOCTa

AH)J,piii

3aMKY IlOTOII,h-

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

KHH, Ha UJ:O 3 )J,OXO)J,iB CTapOCTBa 6yJIO BHTpaqeHO )1,0 42 THCHq 3JIOTHX. CyqacHHK 3)J,aJieKa

)J,aB

HaM

OIIHC

BH)J,Hi€ThCH

KHH3iB,

3aMKY.

MoryTHiH

ChOrO)J,Hi

IIOJihChKHX

o6opOHHHMH

, BHCOKO

IIHIIIHHH KOpOJiiB,

BaJiaMH TpHMa€

3aMOK

ropi

Ha)J,

KOJIHIIIHiX

3)J,a€ThCH,

UJ:O

MiCTOM

raJIHIIhKHX BiH

CBOIMH

CBOIX pyKaX MiCTO i

€

Hi6H

Heolj>iu;iHHHM CTOpOlKeM rpoMa)J,HH, 3)J,a€ThCH, 6araTO B HhOMY € Ta€MHHqoro

icTopnqHoro"

Ta Haii6iJihiiiHM Ha HKHH

)J,O

lj>opTeu;i

BHHHKHeHHH 6yB

HaiiKparn:nx rroHBY

rn:e

IIpnKaprraTTi Toro B

60-x

HaHCHJihHiiiiOIO

o6opoHHHX

XIV

)J,O

TBep)J,HHeiO

crropy)J,

cToJiiTTH,

YKpaiHH. iHIIIi

qacy

XVII

poKax

6yB

)J,O

BqeHi i1,pyrol

3aMoK,

CTaHicJiaBChKOI

IloKyTTi

0)J,Hi

IlHiBChKHH

cToJiiTTH

HaJielKaB

)1,0

Bi)J,HOCHTh

noro

rroJIOBHHH

XVI.

IIo6yiJ,yBaJIH noro MarHaTH KyporraTBH, HKHM HaJieMaJio if ceJio IlHiB'H. B

XVI -

<J>opTeu;ero

rrepiiiiii Ha

ChKo-rroKyTchKi

rroJIOBHHi

IIpnKaprraTTi. orrpHIIIKH

XVII

cToJiiTTH

1621

qoJii

pou;i

3aMoK

noro

Kap)J,aiiieM,

poKy HOrO IIITypMyBaJIH IIOBCTaHu;i IIi)], IIpOBO)J,OM C. HOrO rricJIH

IIiCJIH

1668

poKy

rrpHIIHHeHHH

BJiaCHiCTIO

CuJtyem nicfl5l

MarHaTiB

HeBi)J,OMa.

po)J,y

3Ha€MO

KyporraTBiB

CeHHBChKHX,

cepeiJHbOBilfHOi!O

nepe!loKaJti3au,if

nepe6yiJoeu 3a

XyiJo:JICHUK

IIOTiM -

( GKCOHOMempi51)

PeKoHcmpyKU,i5l

TiJihKH,

IlHiB

onucoM leap

6yB

3)J,o6yJIH

noro

BOCeHH

1648

BncoqaHa.

,UoJIH

UJ:O

1745

3aMKOM

U:eTHepiB,

UJ:O

Micma-rjwpmeu,i 20-x

iJ:J~Cepe!l

.aepKalf

poKax

CHJihHOIO 6yKoBHH-

XVII

aemopa.

pou;i

cTaiOTh OCTaHHi

KoJtoMui em.

lfllocmpoeaHa icmopi5l IlpuKapnammR.

FaAUU,bKa

cepeiJHboei•ma

PeKoHcmpyKU,i5l

XyiJOJfCHUK BHaCJii)J,OK

06MiHy

3CMCJih

)J,Cp)KaBH.

TOrO

qacy

CToniTTSI

rroqaJIH

noro

(a)J,BipHiH

IIHBOBapHIO

Mrreprne CTOJiiTT5I. KOMY

IIHiBCLKHH

rrarop6i.

11JIJilqe3HHH

Ki)J,HOI

i.)l(

H~X

MaJia

iaMKY

qnMaJIO

MaH)KC

6yJio

pyiHH

qoTHpMa

6iHHHU:h.

rroqaTKY

orrncaHo

rn:o6

BJiaCHiCTIO MHHYJIOrO

rro6y)J,yBaTH

MO)I{Ha

KiHid

CeJia,

YRBHTH

CaM

Be)KaMH.

BiH Be"'i

IIICCTHrpaHHHMH. MypH

3aMKY

n:erJIH.

BHyTpiiiiHi

CTiHH

XIX

Ha IIJIOC-

MoryTHiCTh

CHCTCMH.

Hapi)KHHMH

3aXO)J,y

KaMCHIO,

JIHIIIe

O)J,HOiMCHHOrO

30BHiiiiHi

JiaMaHoro

HCMO)KJIHBO,

CTaJIO

IIYCTKOIO,

<!JopTH<!JiKaU:iHHOI 3

CCJIO

)KHTJIO.

6yJIH KpyrJIHMH,

CKJia)J,eHi

po36npaTH,

IIiB)J,CHHiiiie

peiiiTKaX HOrO

rrpnMoKyTHHK

CTOpOHH

~ M i W K~,

i"L(\

Ilo

3HaqeHHR

CTa€

3aMoK BiH

aemopa.

Jl.epKalf

3aMOK,

rrocTyrroBo

P03TaiiiOBaHHH

06opOHHC

Icop

)J,CRKC

popmeu,R.

onucoM

IIOKHHYJIH

3aMOK

297

ToM

1,5

Ko)KMeTpa

Bi)J,TBOpHTH

3a6y-

po3i6paHi

a)!{ )1,0

<!JyH)J,aMCHTiB. Ilocepe.IJ;IIHi

-lllll.

3aXi)J,HOI

BHyTpiWH8

CTiHH

IlpHMirn;eHHR,

IIiBKpyrJia rropyq

BC)Ka,

HHM

)1,0

RKOI

IIiBHiqHoro

IlpHJIRra€ 6oKy--

298

BoJtoiJuMup

BXi)J,

)1,0

TOBHH

CTiHi

Ky-

BHCTYII

HpycaMH

IIIO

3MiliHIOBaJIH

o6o-

6paMa

IIi)J,KpyrJieHOIO 3

)J,BO-

6iHHHllh,

B 'I3Ha

poHy.

IIi)J,BaJiiB.

CXi)J,HiH

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

apKOIO,

KaM'HHHM o6paMJieH-

HHM

p03TaiiiOBaHa

IIiB)J,eHHiH JieHa

CTiHi,

MiliHHM

HHKOM,

HapilK-

BHCYHYTHM

yrrepe)J,. HH

yKpirr-

rrpnMiiiieH-

10Jti51Ha

C/Jomo HHHO

)J,06pe,

qncJieHHi

IIpHBeCTH

rrepiiiOMY pyqHy Ha

IIOBepci

36poro.

KiHellh

BOHH

TaTap.

BHMOry

MiiiiaH

PycLKoro

MiiiiaHH,

)J,OCJii)J,HHIIH

MeHIIIe

3aMKiB TO

IIi)J,HiMaiOThCH

MiCTaX

79 B

MicT

HKOrO

Ha)J, HH3

rrpnKpac

He6e3rreqHi,

KapHH30M

MaB

6iHHHlli

36eperJiocn

BlKe

€.

u;eHTpax

lKe,

CTapOCTe

Ma6yTh,

3 'HCOBaHO

rrpnBaTHi,

6yTH

MiCIIHX,

Micu;e

p03Taiiiy-

B)J,epJIHCH

)1,0

rrpn

rrepe6yiJ,yBaTH B

aKTaX,

rrpau;i 3eMJii

Bi)J,

,UoJIHHH,

IIi)J,TpHMlli MiCTO

6yB

rrpo B

3aMoqKn

poKaX

IIIJIHXTH

lj>opTe£110. TaTaMiliHHH

IIoJihChKa

cycrriJihHO-eKOHOMiqHi

1590-1648

3aMKH

IIOIIIKO)J,lKeHi

KocoBi.

HaCKOKiB

BHCHIIaiOTh

3aMOK

raJIHllhKOI

IIIJIHXeTChKi,

3aXHCTOM

cBoro

IIpnKaprraTTH

3aMKy.

3aiiHCaHO 6iJIH

ropHOBa

Kpaciu;LKHH

B3HBCH

rroKa3ye,

IIpnKaprraTTi

THX

)J,OCi

TaTapH

I1o)J,i6Hnil

Micu;nx.

MaJIH

pou;i

cTaHOBHJIH

TaM

CTapOCTa

BaJI".

BeCh

Ma€TKaX Ta

qaciB

KHHlKOrO

1617

<J>opTeqHnil

cyHKH

KHHlKHX

BO€BO)J,CTBa

,,UOJIHHChKi

rep6iB,

KOpOJiiBChKHX

Macy

BiKHa,

<J>opTellh

Ill 0)1,0

TyT,

KoJIH

HarrnciB,

Mypax

pyiiHyBaHHH.

CTOJiiTTH.

CTapOBHHHOrO

OcHOBHY

rriBHiqHo-3axi)J,HHX

p03MiiiieHi

3aMKiB

raJinqa,

BHHHKaJIH

OCTaToqHoro

6yJIH

Tpa)J,HlliHMH

BHHHTKOM

paMH,

BelKi

)1,0

LK.o)J,HHX

6y)J,yBaJIHCH

BaHHH

MHHYJIOrO

KapTa-cxeMa

)J,aBHiMH

em.

Jl.opoUia

IIpOTe

TpiiiiHHH

MOlKYTh

XVII

3aMOK.

PaKoBeU,bKUCi

rrop~

36eperJiocn

CTO-

CTBep)J,lKye,

icHyBaJIH

IIIOHaii-

ImocmpoeaHa

--·-

icmopifl

-- .

IlpuKapnammR.

.....-:...;.-:;; ..__

IlHiBCbKUU

3aMOK.

MypoBaHHMH 6yJIH u;i,

Ili)J,raifqnKax,

peB'nHoro. HOIO

poKy

HacTyrraJIH

IloBcTaHu;i

CeMeHa 3aMKH

,Ue6ecJiaBu;nx,

CHHTHHi,

TncMeHH-

Ha MypoBaHnil

3 )J,e-

BncoqaHa

BoceHH

IlaJiarnqax,

Jlwqi,

1648

06epTaHi,

CTy)J,eHu;i

KyTax.

HarraJIH TaKoM Ha 3aMoK C. IloTOllhKoro B IleqeHiMHi

36eperJIHCH JIHIIIe

TyTeiiiH€

BiiJ,KpHTH

PoraTHHi,

rrepepo6JieHnil

IIIJIHXeTChKi

3HHID:HJIH,

IIJiaHyBaHHH 3aMKy.

I\IICl..fl

3aBaJioBi

peKoHcmpyKu,if

3aMKH B raJinqi,

ropo)J,eHu;i,

IIOBHiCTIO

rO)J,Hi

IlpoeKm

naraTO HOBHX 6yJIO CIIOpy)J,MeHO rrepe)J, BH3BOJihHOIO Biif-

qoTnpncTa lx III,

IIpnKaprraTTi.

,UeJIHTHHi,

299

ToM

iforo

3eMJIHHi

,Ha 3aMKy",

HaCeJieHHH,

6iJihiiie BaJIH,

Bi)J,HOBJIIOBaJIH. HKHX MOMHa

,Ili)J, 3aMKOM" -

OTMe

HaM )J,eHKi Ta€MHHlli

He ITO

apxeoJioriqHi

II eqeHiMHHChKoro

cy)J,HTH

ChOrrpo

TaK Ha3HBa€ IIeBHi p03KOIIKH

MOrJIH

3aMKY.

Ilpn BHI3)J,i 3 .H6JiyHeBa Ha YToporrn Ha y3rip'l TaKoM rrpocTeMyIOTbCH

MJIIf

3aJIHIIIKH

HKOrOCh

CTaporo 3aMKY B

si,zJ.nosi,IJ.b ro)J,i )J,aTn. B

3aMKY

'IH

KHHM)J,BOpi.

c)>opTeu;i.

Ta€MHH£1el0

IIOBHTi H

ne3 apxeoJioriqHHX )J,OCJii)J,MeHh

6araTLox HaceJieHnx rryHKTax Haiiioi o6JiacTi

• lii ro 3YCTpiqa€MO ypoqnrn:a, Ha3BH HKHX IIOXO)J,HTh Bi)J, CJIOBa ,3aMOK".

ImocmpoeaHa B

icmopi5l

KonoMnl,

IlpuKapnammR.

HarrpHKJia)J,,

€

301

ToM

ypoqnrn:e

,3aMKOBe",

)J,e

oqeBH)J,Ho,

3Haxo)J,HBCH KOJIHCh Micu;eBnil 3aMoK. Y c. BocKpeciHu;nx u;Loro pailoHy ,3aMqnrn:e"' KiBChKoro

,Ili)J,3aMqnrn:e"' B c.

MnxaJibqe i

PaKOBellh ropo)J,eH3aMKy",

pailoHy

3aMKOM"' B c. ripChKOMY Ha KociBUJ:HHi B c. ,UeJIHTHHi -

,Ha)J,

,3aMqnrn:e a6o ropO)J,HUJ:e"'

,,Ui)J,3aMqe", B c. Ili)J,ropo,ll,)J,H PoraTHHChKoro pailoHy -

TaKoM ,Ili)J,3aMqe", B c.

HnMHhOMY CTpyraHi

PoMHHTiBChKoro pailoHy

,3aMqnrn:e a6o ropO)J,HUJ:e"' B TnyMallhKOMY pailoHi B c. ,,Ui)J,3aMqniu;e" ,,Ui)J, 3aMqnrn:eM",

OJieiiiKiB

IcaKoBi

,3aMqnrn:e", ,Ha)J, 3aMqnrn:eM".

BHKJIHKaiOTh iHTepec ypoqnrn:a rri)J, Ha3BOIO ,3aMqnrn:e a6o ropO,ll,Hrn:e". qH He € u;e HaTHKOM HaM HaTe, UJ:O CTapOBHHHi 3aMKH BHHHKaJIH Ha rrpacnoB'HHChKHX yKpirrneHnx ropo)J,HUJ:ax? cJ>opTnc)>iKau;il -

IIpHKaprraTChKOI

U:n rrpo6neMa

MaiiMe

MH Brrepiiie rri)J,HHJIH II, rn:o6 3 qacoM )J,OCJii)J,HTH.

rrpo6-

BnBqeHa i

JIHIIIe

Heo6xi)J,HO HacaMrre-

pe,ll, IIpOBeCTH eKCIIe)J,HlliiO iCTOpHKiB, apxeoJioriB Ta apxiTeKTOpiB i Ha OCHOBi

KOMIIJieKCHOI rrporpaMH

BHBqHTH

u;i

IIHTaHHH.

TATAPCbKE JlllXOJIITT51 HA f AJillQbKill 3EMJII

'PflfyTJ'II.YH,J ry J

JIHXOM

)J,JIH

CeJIHH

raJIHllhKOI

3eMJii

6yJIH

qacTi

HaCKOKH TaTapChKHX Op,ll,, HKi, rroqnHawqn 3 XIV CTOJiiTTH,

rrocTiiiHo

TpHBOMHJIH

HaceneHHH

IIpnKaprraTTH.

TaTapcLKe

JIHXOJiiTTH BaMKHM ropeM B)J,apHJIO i ITO 3aMyqeHOMY IIaHChKOIO HeBOJieiO

rri)J,ripchKOMY

JIIO,ll,Y.

11 i)J,cTyiiHi i 3Jii JIIO)J,OJIOBH Op,ll,HHChKHM BOJIOChKHM IIIJIHXOM 3 poKy B piK Harra)J,aJIH Ha raJIHllhKi MicTa i cena, rroqnHawqn Bi)J, CHHTHHUJ:HHH KiHqawqn YIIHHaJIH, ChKY

PoraTHHUJ:HHOIO, a

MOJIO)J,HX i

rpa6yBaJIH

Hapo,ll,,

cTapnx

JIIO)J,eil

MaJIHT

JIIO)J,eH cepe)J,HhOrO BiKy rHaJIH B )J,aJieKi TaTap-

i Typeu;LKY 3eMJii. ..

0co6JIHBO MOpCTOKHMH 6yJIH HaCKOKH Op,ll,HH-

U:IB, rroqnHawqn 3 KiHIIH XV cToJiiTTn, ToqHiiiie -

3 1496 poKy, a )),ani

IlliCbMOBI )J,MepeJia THX qaciB )J,OHOCHTh HaM, UJ:O i B 1520, 1589 i

1594

p OKaX 6al a TO MiCT i ciJI Haiiioro KpaiO 6yJIH CIIYCTOIIIeHi a6o H IIOBHi€MO

6yno

ipyiiHoBaHi HHMH. crraneHo

HarrpHKJia)J,,

3HHUJ:eHO

B XV -

MiCTa

cena

Ha rroqaTKY XVI

cToJiiTh

IIpnKaprraTTH.

13 MicT

302

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

Op)J,HHIJj pyiiHyBaJIH )J,eKiJihKa

pa3:

pa3iB,

CHHTHH

KoJIOMHIO

TncMeHHIIIO

JiiB PoraTHH

K aJiyrn

pa3H.

Oco6JIHBO

aKTHBhyBa-

JIHCH TaTapChKi raJIHllhKY XVII

BoiiHH-

ITOXO)J,H

3 eMJIIO

CTOJiiTTHX.

XV-

BHKO-

pHCTOByiOqH

He3rO)J,H

IIIJIHXTOIO

MOJI)J,aBChKH-

lj>eo)J,aJiaMH,

cToponn

MilK

qylKHHrri

MoJI)J,aBil

Tun

po3rroporneHHMH

naMH

rrpOXO)J,HJIH

)J,iTeil, B

raJIHllhKHX

IOThCH Ta

3BiCTKH

TepHTOpiiO,

3a6npaJIH

HHIIIHJIH

Tepe6oBJIHHChKHX

)J,O

KOp)J,oHiB

ypn)J,y.

IIocrroJIHTOI

reTLMann,

aJihHHMH

yniBepcaJiaMH

rroBi)J,OMJIHJIH

He6e3ITeKH"

3aKJIHKaJIH

narnHMH

CTOJiiTh rrepio)J, KOpOJih JIH

rri)J,paxynKaMH,

Haiii

Kpail

rri)J,rOTOBKH i

reTbMaH,

ITOHa)J,

rrHX

pyChKHH

rrp o

BOrHeM"

TiJihKH

)1,0

Kinrri

XVI

ITOHa)J,

14 0

,Ili)J,rip'n", HKi,

ChKHX

IIIJIHXaX,

rreprny

3nHmHBIIIH

poKy,

IloKyTTH, i

Piq

qepry

TaTapn

iHIIIi

3YCTpiqa-

cTapocTH rrpo

(

,Ta-

Bi)J,ciqi.

rroqaTKY

XVII

yHiBepcaJiiB.

1616-162 6

CaHOBHHKH

pp.)

BHITYCTH-

BO€BO)J,CTBa, HaCTYITH

HHMH

)J,O

crrerri-

3arpo3y

6HTBH

BHmi

KpHMY

)J,OXO)J,HJIH

TaTap,

HKHX HKi

TepHTOpfi.

naroJiornyBaJiach

yBara na Tepn-

6y)J,yqn p03TaiiiOBaHHMH Ha TaTap-

Bi)J,qyBaJIH

Bi)J,KpHBaJIH

I I ocrroJIHTY.

TaKHX

PychKOrO

3aXOITJieHi

rroBi)J,OMJieHHHX rrepeBaMHO

BO€BO)J,CTBa

CTaprriB

o6epelKHOCTi

,HeCITO)J,iBani"

,IloKyTTH", B

ceJia

IIIJIHXTH

,parrToBi" 3HHIIIYBaJIH

i )1,0

XoTHHChKOI

Topinx

1616

MicTa

BO€BO)J,a

IIIBH)J,KO

BO€BO)J,H

IIIJIHXTY

Ha)J,iCJiaHO

rrpoBe)J,eHHH

yHiBepcaJiiB

ITOBi)J,OMJIHJIH ,MeqeM

6y JIO

qacTo

IloBi)J,OMJieHHH rrpo BHXi)J,

TapchKOI

B6HBaJIH

rpo)J,ChKHX KHHrax

Peqi

KopoJIL,

CeJia,

HCHp.

rrpo HaCTYITH TaTap.

na6JIHMeHHH

IIIJIHXeTChKoro

3aro-

BCIO

MOJIO)J,HX

mamapuHa.

MamoHoK A. J(10pepa nolfamKy XVI em.

Ilo)J,iJIJIH B)J,HpaJIHCH )1,0 Hel

co6i

IIIJIHX

BHrra)J,KOBO

rrepecTepiraroqn IIIJIHXTY rrpo

HOBHH

y)J,ap BrJIH6

KopoJih

nacTyrr

BOporiB. PycLKoro

qepBHH

op)J,H na

qoJii

lfllocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

HanaiJ

IlpuKapnammR.

mamapcbKof opiJu

IloKymcbKi Micma

XyiJOJfCHUK

CKaH)J,Hp6arnoro,

KYTTi

MeTOIO,

CBOIM

YTHCKOM

reTLMaH

Ma€TKH,

3aMKH

lj>opTeuj,

KOIIITH, CaJIH -

HaBiTh

rreprny

6araTi CBOIM

TOMY

Peqi

qepry

36poero,

Ha )J,OIIOMOry

Toro

rraBaJia

TepHTOpil,

CeJiaX, qacy -

HaMaraJIHCR

3MiU:HIOBaTH rra

XOBaJIHCR

pRTyBaJIHCR,

Ian6iJILIII

3a MypaMH

XTO

Bi)J,qyTHHMH poKax,

IIOBi)J,OMJieHi

Mir

rn:o

)J,JIR

TaKo.lK

BCe-TaKH

BeJIHKi TepHTOpil KpaiO

irrcnqaMH

3aXOIIJieHO

ypR)J,OM

rHHYJIH

raJIHU:LKHX B

Xoq

CeJIRHH i

BeJIHKi yHiBepMimaHH

rrarrpH3BOJIRme KOJIH IIIJIRXTHqi TaTap,

o6opOHHHX 3aMKiB,

ceJIRH

3HHmeHi,

HeBOJIIO.

rrpo

Bi)J,

1615, 1620

6yJIH

IIo-

pRTyBaTH

Bi)J,rrycKaJIH

3aJIHIIIaJIHCR

lj>opTeU:L

a6o

rra

BiJILHO

IIpHKaprraTCLKi

CBOI BiHCLKa.

qepry CTaBaJIH .lKepTBaMH BOpO.lKOI HaBaJIH. IIaTpHU:il,

cTaJia MOrJia

lloCIIOJIHTOI".

rreprny

MiCTaX i

CHJia

HaKa3yBaJIH

3arracaTHCR

XVI em.

Jl.epKalf

,TaTapcLKa

rJIH6HHY

Ha)J,CHJiaJIH IM

MiCLKi

1593-1594 nCV1X

rn:o

BO€BO)J,H a

BHpo6rrnqa

MaHHOM

CeJIRHH

U:i OrOJIOIIIyBaJIHCR B

roJIOBHa B

Icop

CIIYCTOIIIHBIIIH

IIpOHTH

KopOJih, IIIJIRXTY,

BKa3yBaB,

mo6,

303

ToM

IIORBY

TaTapChKOI

rna6Jii.

6yJIH

rracKOKH

1623

poKax,

3pyHHOBaHi,

TaTap

rri)J,

qac

HaCeJieH-

304

BoJtoiJuMup

CaM a

raJIHllhKa

IIIJIHXTa,

3i6paBIIIHCh B

1615 y

pou;i

raJIHqi,

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

ceiiMHK

BH3HaJia:

,0TMe He)J,aBHO, B MHHY JIOMY

MiCHlli

IIO)J,iJih-

ChKe

BO€BO)J,CTBO

Haiiia

raJIHllhKa

JIH

3HHII1eHa

MH;

O)J,Hi

3eM-

TaTapa-

qepe3 BOrOHh

II036yJIHCh

CBO€I

Ma-

€THOCTi, i1,pyrHX CaMHX 3

MiHKaMH,

3a6paJIH

HeBOJIIO,

BOIOIO qn

qeM

100

BOrHeM,

u;ap

Bi)J,IIOBi)J,a€

CTaBHTHCH

Ha ,B

TOMY

iHIIIi

qepe3

KaMH

MiCHlli

piK,

CeJiaMH

rJiyiiiHB

TBO€ TaTap,

Op)J,HHlli rroKapaB TaTap".

CKOpO

3HOBa

AJie Te

IlpHKaprraTTH

IIO)J,iJihChKe

30BCiM

cyqacHHK CeJia

Bi)J,

B'H3HiB )1,0

THM

Ille

TaTap-

IIO)J,aTKiB

CBOIM

BiHChKOM

CTBep)J,MyBaJIH,

Haiiia

3HHII1eHa,

HKi

JIIOTOI

raJIHllhKa

O)J,Hi

BeJIHKi

3eMJIIO,

3HOBY

JIIO)J,H

6yJIO

TaTapH

apTHHiB,

IIIO

3eMJIH

CIIaJieHi,

3HHII1eHe,

KiJihKOMa

KaJiyiii'

, CTpaiiiHO

6y JIO

)J,HMY

IIi)J,HiMaJIHCH

KpHK

CTelKKaMH

CTa)J,a

KOJIH

30HK

HHMH

rociiO)J,H,

JIIO)J,

cTaB

,UoJIHHY HK

3)J,aBaJIOHa)J,

IIOrO-

IIOHeBOJieHHX

IIpOXO)J,HJia

XY)J,06H,

IIOJIOHeHHX.

HaCKO-

)J,HBHTHCh,

lKOpCTOKOI TaTapiiiHHH.

HeCaMOBHTHH

rrepeJIHKaHHX

rri)J,ripcLKY

pou;i

CTOBIIH

)J,OporaMH

rHaJIH

IloKyTTH

raJinq, rrncaB:

BOrHHMH,

MiCTaMH,

Byxo,

pou;i

HaCTYIIHOMY

THCMeHH£110'

rroqopHiJIHX TY

CTaJia

1616

3aiiaJieHe

piJIHMH

TOBIIa

BO€BO)J,CTBO

T06TO

0)J,HH

He6o

IIYCTHHIO,

3a6paJIH.

3a6paHi".

raJIHllhKi

IIIO

IIOIIiJI

)J,OIIOMHHa€ThCH

lj>eo)J,aJIH

TaTapChKi

3HHIIIHJIH

ropiJIH

xy)J,o6y

rrorp03010

ceHMHKY

3pyHHOBaHHH.

crraJIHJIH.

CH,

3a)J,OBOJihHHBCH

HeBOJii

CHHTHH

rrepeTBOpHJIH

He3Jiiqenny

BeJIHKOIO

Haiia)J,H

)1,0

raJlUU,bKOf 3eMJli.

KOpOHi".

MHHY JIOMY

qepe3

Kpaif

3Bi)J,cH

Me-

Haiii

noJlOH

3 y<opcbKO<o Aimonucy XVI em.

rrorancLKY

THcnq,

ChKHH

TamapCbKUU

)J,iThMH

6e3Kineqna IIi)J,raHHJIH IIIO TH

TaK

HeiiiaCHHM

Bi)J,

ImocmpoeaHa

1618

PoraTHHa cBoi

TOH

BCe

3a6paJIH

TpaBHi,

TaTapChKi

IIiiiiJIH

narrpnMi

Kpail

XoM'nKiBo;i

ceJia

To)J,i

6yJIO

Toro

,rryCTHJIH Ha

oci6

JiaHiB,

3arOHH

KaJiyiii",

ceJio

3HHII1eHO

crrycTOIIIHJIH

raJinqa,

IIOBTOpHJIH

JIHIIHi

HaiipHMi

Jie)J,Be

)1,0

BOHH

Hal3HHKH

3aJIHIIIHJiocn

TaTapn

)J,OXO)J,HJIH

qepBHi

LKn)J,aqeBa.

,UnicTpOM

IIIJIHXy.

o;iJioro

TaTapChKi

II03a

CBO€MY

3arOHH

CTpHH,

,UoJIHHH

305

ToM

Bcix

XpnrrTO

6e3

ceJIHH

HeBOJIIO.

Toro

qacy

Op)J,H,

CTOpOMOBi CH

qepniEBi a

ChKOI

)J,aJibiiie

3aCBi)J,qyiOTh )J,MepeJia,

xy)J,o6n,

IlpuKapnammR.

IIi)J,ripChKHH

pyiiHyBaJIH Jiiil,

pou;i, i

nacKOKH

poKy, B

icmopi5l

Ille

BeMi,

napo)J,i H

36eperJincn

ChOrO)J,Hi

HKHX

JIIO)J,H

IIaJIHJIH

rrepeKa3H

rrpo

IIOKa3yiOTh

CMOJIY B

narra)J,H

MiCIIH,

6oqKaX,

KOJIH

)J,e

KpHMCTOHJIH

Ha6JIHMaJia-

Op)J,a. qepe3

raJIHllhKY 3HHIIIHJIH caMi

)J,Ba

pOKH

3eMJIIO Ha

CBO€MY

3rapHIIIa,

IliCJl5l

TaTapH

IIIJIHXY

rrycTnni

p03i!poMy

Bu3BOJteHux poiJuHaMU

3HOBY

paiiTOBHMH

rroqnnaroqn

Bi)J,

MiCTa

CeJia,

o6e3JIIO)J,HeHi

mamapcbKUX

Rcupy

Fa!lUlfi.

iJimeii

opiJ

IIOXO)J,aMH

CHHTHHa

IIIO

B)J,epJIHCH

Tepe6oBJii,

IIO)J,eKy)J,H

OCeJii.

MapmuHoei.

Mi:JIC

MiCbKUMU

Mupoc!laB

rama!leBUlf

TaK

3aJIHIIIHJIH

3MeHIIIHJIOCH

1624 p.

po3noiJifl5liOmb

XyiJo:JICHUK

)1,0

pi3KO

306

BoJtoiJuMup

naceJieHHH.

)J,aHHMH

inBeHTapn

CnnTHHChKoro

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

cTapocTBa,

rrepe)J,

1620 poKoM B IIiJihHOMY .HcenoBi rrpoMHBaJio ,)J,o TphoxcoT" MHTeJiiB,

rricJIH

TaTapcLKoro

narra)J,y

3aJIHIIIHJiocn

qoJioBiK.

ceJii

PycoBi )J,O Ta TapcLKoro nacTyrry 6y JIO KiJILKa )J,eCHTKiB ceJIHH, a rricJIH

1620 poKy 3aJIHIIIHJIOCH 8 qoJIOBiK. CeJIO rJiyiiiKiB 3aJIHIIIHJIOCh ,crrycTOIIIeHe

3HHIIJ:eHe

Bi)J, TaTapChKHX Op)J,".

illJIHXeTChKa KOMicin, HKa IIiCJIH TOrO TaTapChKOrO IIOXO)J,y o6cTeMyBaJia

IIOTeprriJii

crrycToiiieHHH

OKOJIHlli,

3MyiiieHa

6araTLox

ciJI

6yJia

CTBep)J,HTH

raJIHllhKOI

3eMJii.

BeJIHKY ceJii

pyiHY

MapKiBu;nx

KOMicapaM )J,OIIOBiJIH, mo ,TaTapn, IIOBepTaroqnch 3-IIi)J, XoTHHa, BTOprJIHCH na IIoKyTTn" i CBi)J,KH BH3HaJIH, KY

3 )J,iThMH

rocrro)J,ap ceJia

3HHIIJ:HJIH 6araTo ceJIHHHHY

3HHIIJ:HJIH,

xy)J,o6y

yTiK B Jiic, )J,e

,rricJIH

ciJI,

OJieKciro i

Ma€TOK

TaKoM 3arnnyB.

TaTapmnnn"

BTeKJia

B TOMY qncJii MapKiBu;i.

OnniiiKOBnqy TaTapn 3a6paJIH, RKach

ceJio

)J,iM

RKHMHxa

qepniiB.

IIi)J,)J,aHHX, Hi )J,OMiB,

Hi o6iHCTh TaM B MapKiBIIHX

BaJIH oqeBH)J,lli,

cJii)J,y neMa€, )J,e 6yJIH IX ca)J,n6n,

6yp'nHaMH

JI060)J,OIO

3a )J,aHHMH

,MiR-

crraJIHJIH,

3 Toro M

,TaK

HeMa€, -

THX

BH3Ha-

6o KporrnBoiO,

3apOCJIH".

KopoJiiBChKO I

1621

JIIOCTpau;ii

poKy,

1616-

rrpoTnroM

1620 poKiB JIHIIIe B raJIHllhKiH 3eMJii 6yJIO 3HHIIJ:eHO 47 HaCeJieHHX IIYHKTiB,

THMHp,

MnxaJihqe,

ropoMaHKa,

MaKiBu;i,

KyJiaqKiBu;i,

KaJiyiii,

Baciqnn)

CTaHTaHiB, Ha

9 MiCT i 36 ciJI.

3 HHX -

(rBi3)J,eu;L,

KyKiJihHHKH,

ceJia

(nO)J,HapiB,

3a6oJioTiB,

MapTHHiB,

20 MiCT

)KyKiB,

lli)J,railu;i,

,Uy6nniB,

roJIOCKiB,

XoCeKon-

JlroqKa Ta iHIIIi).

6opOTh6y

rrpOTH

Bncoqan.

RK BH)J,HO

ci6nnx

6araTo

TaTap

JIIO)J,eil,

HK 3aiiHCaHO B aKTaX, JIHTHX IIIJinxax", 6iJihiii

ceJIHHHH

BiKTOpOBa

u;e

rrpncrroco6Jiennx":

3arOHH,

HKi IIOBepTaJIHCh

rnaT ,crro-

opranhoByBaB 3 Haiia)J,iB Ha,

,3araJihHHX TaMTeHIIIHX 60)J,HapiBChKHX IIOCIIO-

3BiJihHHB

rrorryJinpHHM

MOJIO)J,IIIHH cnn

BHCTYIIHB

3 raJIHllhKHX rpo)J,ChKHX KHHr, Bin, Maroqn

qacTi HaCKOKH Ha TaTapChKi

Bee

3a iHIIIHMH )J,aHHMH

CnnTHH,

CeMen,

6panu;iB, B

a6o,

napo)J,i.

3axorrJIIOBaB IX IIpn

llhOMY

3)J,o6nq iloMy

HK iloro Ha3HBaJIH B ceJii,

cTaBaB

)J,OIIOMaraB CeM.

I 3HOBY, B KOTpHH Me pa3, B 1621 pou;i TaTapCbKa HaBaJia IIpOKOTHJiaCh no raJIHllhKiH MY

IIOBiTax

3ropiJIH

Borni

MiCT Bi)J,

3eMJii,

3HHIIJ:HJia B KoJIOMHHChKOMY i

MiCTeqoK. ,)J,HKOI

JlHIIIe

TaTapmnnn"

raJIHllhKOMY ciJI:

raJIHllhKOCTapOCTBi

RMHHIIH,

TnMiB,

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

307

ToM

BiKTopiB,

YrpnniB,

Ko3HHa, ,Uy6iBlli, XoEiJihllliB~:~i,

pOCTKiB, q epni IB,

XpnrrJiiH,

XoM'HKiBKa, ChKe

KopoJiiB-

IloJie,

a B TJiy-

MallhKOMY

CTapOCTBi

03epHHH HaCeJieHi EaraTo 6yJIH

iHIIIi

IIYHKTH. rroceJieHh

3Hnrn:eni

Ka-

CHHTHH-

JIYChKOMY

ChKOMY cTapocTBax. B

HapoiJHuCi i3

CUHOM

mamapcbKY

npoeoiJup CeMeHOM

opiJy

TaTapn

crraJIHJIH

KoJIOMHHChKOMY

niiJcmepicae

EoiJHapiBCbKUX

Mupoc!laB

BucolfaH

(CeMOM)

XyiJOJ1CHUK

!cHam

ceJia II'HJIHKH, KaMiH-

UJ!l5lxax.

Tama!leBUlf KopqMy,

xaT

na,

,UHTKiBlli,

KH.

,UeJiieBi

c eJii

icnyroqnx, B Ma3HJIOBi rri11, Ili)J,ranrvrMH op11,a 3HH!D:HJia HOK

~:~epKBy.

CBH~D:eHHKa

TiJihKH

15 X aT 6y Jia

)J,apCTB

4 xaTn, B XoTHMHpi

rn:eni

)J,iTeif,

YlliJiiJIH JIHIIIe 6yJIH

qepnieBi

rricJIH

TaTap

fnnJILHi

)J,iM

38 xaT, 6y11,n3aJIHIIIHJIOCH

20 rocrro11,apcTB 6e3 po)J,HH, )J,OMiB, xy11,o6n. Ilo11,i6na

KapTHHa

.lKiHOK

PyiJ,HH-

XpnrrJiini,

BeCh

11,e

Ma€TOK,

3aJIHIIIHJIOCh

6 ceJIHHChKHX rocrro-

10 xaT i 12 rri)J,)J,annx, HKi BTpaTHJIH a

06epTHHi

IIiCJIH

,TaTap~D:HHH"

5 6y)J,HHKiB, B MnxaJihqi rricJIH 1420-1421 poKiB 3HH-

Bci MJIHHH,

KopqMH

3aCiHHi IIOJIH.

IloJihChKHH icTOpHK M. ropH B CBOIH MOHOrpa<J>il ,Ilpo eKOHOMiqHi nacJii)J,KH TaTapchKHX narra)J,iB B

1605-1633 pp. na Pych qepBony"

Ha OCHOBi )J,.lKepeJI IIOKa3ye, ID:O i B lleH HeBeJIHqKHH rrepio)J, raJIHllhKY 3eMJIIO 3 poKy B piK IIYCTOIIIHJIH TaTapChKi Op)J,H. Bin CTBep)J,.lKye, ID:O IIpOTHrOM

28 poKiB raJIHllhKa 3eMJIH MaJia JIHIIIe 12 poKiB CIIOKOIO, a

11 pe111Ti poKiB -

26 pa3iB narra)J,aJIH TaTapn. Han6iJihllle rroTeprriJIH

rra

IIpnKaprraTTi KoJIOMHHChKHH rroBiT,

raJIHllhKHH II OBiT' )J,e Op)J,HHlli opy)J,yBaJIH

Hail6iJibiiie

pyifHyBaJIH

TaTapH

IloKyTTH.

na HKHH narra)J,aJIH

20 pa3iB,

16 pa3iB. TaKHM qnnoM,

308

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

POKCOJIAHA B ICTOPII I JIEfEHJJ:AX icTopii

yKpaiHChKOrO

Hapo,ll,y

€

MiHKH,

HKi

CTaJIH

HaiiiOIO

HaujoHaJihHOIO rop,ll,iCTIO. ,Uo HHX HaJieMaJIH Jln6i)J,h, cecTpa JiiTorrncHoro Knn KHHrHHH

0Jihra,

)J,epMaBoiO

,ll,pylKHHa

qac

3aCHOBHHKa KniBChKoro rpa,ll,y,

KHH3H

lropH,

MaJioJiiTHhoro

cnHa

Bi)J,oMa

rrpaBHJia )J,aBHhOpyChKOIO

CBHTOCJiaBa,

AHHa

)J,oqKa

JlpocJiaBa My,ll,poro, HKa O,ll,pylKHJiaCh 3 lj>paHIIY3hKHM KOpOJieM reHpiXOM I,

a rricJIH iloro cMepTi 6yJia pereHTIIIeiO <l>paHu;il rrpn MaJio-

JiiTHhOMY CHHOBi <l>iJiiiiOBi, BHyqKa JlpOCJiaBa My,ll,poro €BrrpaKCiH IIi)), iMeHeM A,ll,eJihreH)J,H CTaJia ,ll,pylKHHOIO HiMellhKOro iMrrepaTopa reHpixa IV. 3

Ilpo HHX 6araTo HarrncaHo B eBporreilchKHX xpoHiKax.

Harnoro

IlpHKaprraTTH

BHHIIIJIH

)J,Bi

CJiaBHi

MiHKH:

JlpOCJiaBHa

)J,oqKa .HpocJiaBa OcMOMHCJia, HKa 3ra)J,yeThCH B rroeMi IIOJIKY

lropeBiM"

,ll,pylKHHa

IIYTHBJiiBChKOrO

poraTHHChKa )J,iBqnHa PoKcoJiaHa. Ka

JiiTepaTypa,

rrpo

,ll,pyry

PoKcoJiaHy

, PoKcoJiaHa"

3HaeMo

3 icTopnqHoro

rrorry JIHpHoro

,CJIOBO o Iropn,

RKmo rrpo rreprny HarrncaHa BeJIH)J,aJieKo

IIHChMeHHHKH HaiiHCaJIH 6araTO XY)J,OlKHiX TBOpiB. 10Th rrpo

KHH3H

poMaHy

IlaBJia

O)J,HOHMeHHoro

Bee.

IIpaB)J,a,

IlpHKaprraTu;i 3Ha3arpe6eJILHoro

poMaHy

rrepa

0 cnrra

Ha3apyKa. Crrpo6yeMo )J,OHeCTH )J,O qnTaqiB JiiTorrncHi cTopiHKH MHTTH PoKcoJiaHn,

crrnparoqnch,

HayKOBi

rrpau;i,

HKi

rreprny

6y JIH

qepry,

orry6JiiKOBaHi

icTopnqHi

)J,MepeJia

iCTOpHKaMH.

BHHOCHqH Ha cy)J, qnTaqa CBO€ )J,OCJii)J,MeHHH, HKe Ma€ IIOHa)J, 40piqHy

icTopiro,

rrepiiiO)J,lKepeJia. Heu;iaHChKHX

xoqy

cKa3aTn,

HHMH

CTaJIH

)J,HIIJIOMaTiB,

HKi

CTOJIHIIi Typeu;LKOI iMrrepil. MeHiKo TpeBi3aHo

crrnpaBcH,

rreprny

IliHHi

IIOBi)J,OMJieHHH

TO)J,i

6yJIH

IIOCJiaMH

U:e IIiecTpo Epara)J,iHo

qepry,

cyqacHHKiB, B

Ha Be-

CTaM6yJii

(1526 p.), ,Uo-

(1554), EepHap)J,o HaBa)J,Mepo (1553 p.), iTa-

JiiilcLKi icTopHKH rreprnol rroJIOBHHH XVI cT. II. LK. ,UMoBio, HiMellhKHH )J,HIIJIOMaT

CTaM6yJii

Eyc6aK,

HiMellhKHH

xpoHicT

XVI

cT.

JloHiu;epiil. BaMJIHBi )J,aHi rrpo PoKcoJiaHy )J,aB iHIIIHH cyqacHHK MnxaiiJio .JlurBIIII y

JIHTOBChKHH )J,HIIJIOMaT y

CBOIX HOTaTKaX,

HKi

6yJIH

KpnMy B rreprniil

BH)J,aHi

rroJIOBHHi

1615 pou;i B M.

XVI

cT.

na3eJii

IIi)),

ImocmpoeaHa Ha3BOIO

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

309

ToM

MOCKBHTHH".

,Ilpo HpaBH TaTap, JIHTOBlliB

CaMe BiH, HK

i TO)J,iiiiHiil rroJihChKHH rroeT-icTopnK CaMyiJI TBap)J,OBChKHil, Brreprne BKa3aB Ha

yKpaiHChKe

rroxo)J,.lKeHHH

PoKcoJiaHH

po)J,HHH

poraTHH-

ChKoro CBHmeHHKa, 3Bi)J,KH cTaJio Bi)J,oMo eBporreilu;HM rrpo II crrpaB.lKHIO

6aThKiBmHHy.

rro)J,il,

KopoJIH HH

)1,0

XIX

JIHCT

cyJITaHa

KiJihKa

)J,OKyMeHTiB

CyJieiiMaHa

)J,O

rrpo

u;i

rroJihChKoro

Ciri3MyH)J,a II ABrycTa ( 15 51) i )J,Ba JIHCTH caMol PoKcoJiaToro

.lK

)J,HIIJIOMaTnqHy B

36eperJIOCh

ToqHirne,

TaKH

IIOJihChKOro

cToJiiTTi,

KOJIH

KOpOJIH,

II) )J,OKyMeHTH

o6)J,apoBaHiCTh. BOHH

6yJIH

CBi)J,qHTh

cTaJIH

orry6JiiKoBaHi

rrpo

Bi)J,oMi

TiJihKH

1874

1896

poKax. Y

lliJIOMY

HaMH

ne3yMOBHO, )J,OK,

BHKOpHCTaHO

rrepiiiO)J,.lKepeJI

rr'HTHa)J,IIHTh

)1,0

TeMH

rrpo

PoKCOJiaHy

IIOHa)J,

cyqacHHKiB.

6araTO iJ,YMOK rroqepiiHYB

aBTOp

3 iCTOpHqHHX p03Bi-

orry6JiiKoBaHnx B XIX-XX cToJiiTTHX.

0)J,Hiew 3 rreprnnx 6yJia HayKoBa po3Bi)J,Ka LKaH LKaKa Eyaccapa i3 Bi3aHTil

rri)J,

3o6pa.lKeHi

Ha3BOIO

HaTypn

cTaHTHHOIIOJIH

rropTpeTH

cTapoBHHHHX

rrpo

PoKcoJiaHy

iloro rrpau;n,

Typeu;LKHX

Me)J,aJIHX,

iMrrepaTOpOBi

<l>paHKij>ypTi-Ha- MaiiHi y

IIncaB TaKo.lK i

IIO)J,apoBaHi

orry6JiiKoBaHa y

P.lKeBycLKHH

,Eiorpalj>il

rrpnBe3eHi

<l>ep)J,iHaH)J,y",

3 IIIO

KoH6yJia

15 9 6 pou;i.

rroJihChKHH

3a cJioBaMH

cyJITaHiB,

rrncLMeHHHK

icTopnKiB,

6yJia

CTaHicJiaB ,crrorryJIH-

pn3oBaHa" aBcTpiilchKHM opieHTaJiicToM I. XaMMepoM B KHH3i ,IcTopin qaciB 0TTOMaHiB"

(IlapH.lK,

1836 piK).

PoKcoJiaHoiO u;iKaBHJIHCh il yKpaiHChKi )J,inqi HayKn

KYJILTypn. IcTo-

pHKH BoJIO)J,HMHp AHTOHOBnq i MnxaiiJio ,UparoMaHoB B 36ipHHKY ,JilcTopnqecKne rrecHH MaJiopyccKoro Hapo)J,a" (T. I, KniB, 18 7 4), 3ra)J,yiOTh rrpo PoKcoJiaHy, a IlaHTeJieHMOH KyJiirn y cBolil KHH3i ,11cTopnn Boccoe)J,HHeHHH Pycn"

(T.

ill, MocKBa, 1877 p.) )J,OCHTh u;iKaBo orrncye II.

IloMiTHi CIIOCTepe.lKeHHH 3p06HB rrpo PoKCOJiaHy MOJI)J,aBChKHH iCTOpHK H. Hopra B KHH3i ,,UcTopin OcMaHChKOI iMrrepil*' (1709 p.). IlpoTe Hai16iJihiiiY JieiiTY B )J,OCJii)J,.lKeHHH u;iei icTopnqHOI IIOCTaTi XVI

cT.

BHic BH)J,aTHHH yKpaiHChKHH TIOpKoJior i

cxo)J,03HaBellh aKa-

)J,eMiK AH YPCP A. 10. KpnMChKHH B cBolil KHH3i ,IcTopin TypeqqnHn", IIIO 6y Jia orry6JiiKOBaHa B ou;iHKY

yKpaiHChKiil

CIIHpaiOqHCh

3HaHHH

19 2 4 pou;i y KneBi i 3)J,o6yJia BHCOKY

3apy6i.lKHiil )J,.lKepeJI,

icTopiorpalj>il.

aBTOp

TOpKHYBCH

u;iil

pi3HHX

rrpau;i, IIHTaHh

31 0

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

qaciB PoKcoJiaHH, BKa3aB Ha II poJih B rroJiiTnqHiil icTopii TypeqqnHH. 3acJiyroBye

yBary

cTaTTH

JihBiBChKoro

icTopnKa

.H.

II.

Kicn,

19 7 0 pouj B O)J,HOMY i3 lKypHaJiiB.

orry6JiiKOBaHa B

HEBIJibHllLJllMll

III JI51XAM ll

o6 3po3yMiTH poJih PoKcoJiaHH B icTopii €Bporrn, Heo6xi)J,HO )J,aTH XVI MH

€Bporri,

)J,eplKaBH -

TOMY

rrepio)J,,

qncJii

qacy.

HacnqeHHH 3HaqHHMH rro)J,iH-

YKpaiHi.

Bci

BeJIHKi

TOroqacHi

HiMeqqnHa, <l>paHujn, AHrJiiH, IIoJILID:a, Pocin, IcrraHiH -

6yJIH

3aHHHTi

BeJIH

BiHHH

Typeu;LKa

xapaKTepncTHKY TypeqqnHH Toro

cToJiiTTH -

CBOIMH

MilK

BHyTpiiiiHiMH

co6010

CIIpaBaMH,

He3qyJIHCH,

HK Ha

H BOporyBaJIH Ta

oqax

BHpOCJia MoryTHH

iMrrepin.

TypeqqnHa rn:e 3 KiHIIH XIII cToJiiTTH rroqaJia IIIBH)J,KO po3IIIHpiOBaTHCH 3a

paxyHOK

ryTHIO

6araThOX

iMrrepiro.

A3ii,

TypKH

CJIOB'HHChKi

14 53

pou;i

3aBOHOBaHHX 3axorrHJIH

3eMJii

oBoJio)J,iJIH

KpaiH

rrepeTBOpHJiaCh

Bi3aHTiilcLKi

naJIKaHax

CTOJIHIIeiO

BOJIO)J,iHHH

KiHu;i

XIV

Bi3aHTii

Ha B

MO-

MaJiiil

CTOJiiTTH,

KoHcTaHTHHorroJieM,

rrepeiiMeHyBaJIH iloro Ha CTaM6yJI i rrepeTBOpHJIH y CTOJIHIIIO OcMaH-

14 7 5 pou;i BOHH B)J,epJIHCH

ChKOI ( 0TTOMaHChKOI) iMrrepii (II OpTH). Y

B KpnM, a B 14 8 7 pou;i KpHMChKi TaTapn Ha qoJii 3 )J,HHacTiero xaHiB ripeiB

BH3HaJIH

TaK

ce6e

yTBopnJiach

BacaJiaMH

BeJIHKa

IIOHa)J, 30 )J,eplKaB i

TypeqqnHH.

Typeu;LKa

)J,eplKaBa,

rn:o

rri)J,KopnJia

co6i

IIOIIIHpHJia CBOIO BJia)J,y Ha BeJinqe3Hi IIpOCTOpH

Tphox KOHTHHeHTiB A3ii, Alj>pHKH i €Bporrn. Ha rroqaTKY XVI cToJiiTTH TypeqqnHa 3aBOIOBaJia noJirapiro,

Cep6iro,

rpeu;iro,

EocHiiO,

AJI6a-

HiiO, MoJI)J,aBiro, KpHMChKe xaHCTBo, MaJiy A3iro, Cipiro, MecorroTaMiro,

BipMeHiro,

rrpocTopn Horo

€rnrreT.

)J,aHHMH

aKa)J,eMiKa

OcMaHChKOI iMrrepii rri)J, rraHyBaHHHM

KpHMChKoro,

CyJieiiMaHa II

IInrn-

(1520-1566 pp.) OXOIIHJIH BeJIHKi IIpOCTOpH i MelKi Bi)J, ny)J,a-

rreiiiTa Ha ,UyHai )J,O AcyaHa KOJIO HiJihChKHX rroporiB i Bi)J, €Bij>paTy Ta

Tnrpy,

OKeaHy

Ear)J,a)J,a alK )1,0

rpy3ii

TpOXH

)1,0

ATJiaHTHqHoro

ri6paJITapChKOI IIpOTOKH.

AJie TYPKH MpiHJIH 3aBOIOBaTH BCIO €Bporry. I BlKe 3a CyJieiiMaHa II BOHH

3aXOIIHJIH

neJirpa)J,,

15 2 6

pou;i

po3rpOMHJIH

rri)J,

MoraqeM

lfllocmpoeaHa

Kapma

icmopifl IlpuKapnammR.

KpuMy,

CKJtaiJeHa

fl.

311

ToM

CaHiJpapoM

ocHoei

Kapm

EonJtaHa

(1687)

yropcLKi BiHCLKa na qoJii 3 JliO)J,OBiKoM II, a B 15 2 9 pou:i 6JioKyBaJIH CTOJIHIIIO ra6c6ypriB -

Bi)J,eHL.

B OHH Ha)J,iRJIHCh 3p06HTH CTOJIHU:eiO

cBoel BeJinqe3nol iMrrepil BaprnaBy, Cepe)],

TypeU:LKHX

CYJITaHiB,

PHM a6o II a pH*·

KOJIH

Typeqqnna

CTORJia

cBoro rri)J,neceHHR, naHBH3naqniiiiHM 6yB

CyJieHMaH II,

rrenu:i

BeJinqaBHM.

Ha3BaJIH

iMrrepaTopn CTHHaTH

IIHIIIHHM

€Bporrn,

rOJIOBH

a6o

A3il,

THCRqaM

BeJIHKHM,

A<!JpHKH,

Bin

RHHqapiB

Mir O)J,HHM

rrpaBHTeJiiB

3eHiTi

RKoro eBpotl:oro

6oRJIHCL

rroMaxoM

CBOIX

pyKH

BaCaJILHHX

Kp a"iH, 3a)J,yiiiHTH IIIHypoM CBOrO Ha6JIH)KeHoro Bi3Hpa i HaBiTh yMepj

iW rH CBOrO CHHa-rrpeCTOJIOHaCJii)J,HHKa.

I Ha )J,HBO BCiH €Bporri U:eH BeJIHqHHH CYJITaH .)J,aBCR BO)J,HTH 3a Hie", ia

BV1CJl080M

( myiJia MH

cyqacHHKiB,

re'-IKa Poramua,

i i.l14iM

CaMe

IIOJihChKOro

IIOCJia

iCTOpHKa

I nap,lJ,oHe i , KO 10, ,y6orin )J,iBqnni" i3 narnoro rrpnKaprraTCLKoro 'I)']JelJ,bKHM

s:JKa cTaJia rreprnoro !J,PY*HHOIO cyJITana Bcyrrepeq

MycyJILMaHCLKHM 3BnqaRM i

3aKoHaM.

312

BoJtoiJuMup

XTO BORa, JiaCI,

Fpa6oeeu,bKUU

3Bi)J,KH B3R-

CTaM6yJILCLKOMY

cy JITaHChKOMY )J,Bipuj,

qnM

ITOJIOHHJia

"ITOBeJIHTeJIR

CBiTy"? •••

Ilpo

)J,OBi)J,y€MOCh TOpHqHHX crrora)J,iB

n:e

pR)J,y

ic-

)J,OKyMeHTiB cyqacHHKiB.

Xoq

MaJIO U:HX )J,OCTOBipHHX )J,aHHX,

aJie

3MOry

BOHH

)J,aiOTh

ITpORCHHTH

)J,OJIIO

U:i€I rrpHKaprraTChKOI Kpacyrri, RK TaTapChKOI 6paHKH

IlpHKaprraTTR.

Ba*KOIO 6yJia )J,OJIR To-

)J,iiiiHLoi YKpalrrn, Jii p03IIIMaTOBaHi i 6arri

3eM-

3arap-

iH03eMHHMH )J,ep)Ka-

BaMH

IIIJIRXeTChKOIO

IloJILilleiO, BeJIHKHM JinTOBCLKHM

KHR3iBCTBOM,

Tamapu KopoJiiBCLKOIO

YropiliH-

CTOKHX

BacaJioM

KpHMChKHX

RKHX

RKi

3eMJii.

IIIJIRXaMH

MoJI)J,aBCLKHM

a6o

HaCeJieHi

TaK

CTpaXOM

3BaHHM

Jl,epecyc

cTaJia

CTOJiiTTR Bi€,

ITOXO)J,H

KOJIH

*epTBOIO

rroqaJIH

rrepeqHTY€III )J,)Ke-

KpHMChKHX

Op)J,

KyqMaHCLKHM,

BoJIOCLKHM,

*OP-

ITOCTiHHO

RKHH

CBOIMH

MopaBCLKHM,

BiB

qepe3

rraiiii

ITYHKTH.

JiiTOITHCaX,

3YCTpiqa€MO )J,y)Ke

Bona

XIV

qopHHM,

rrpHKaprraTCLKi TO)J,iiiiHiX

)KOpCTOKi

OITHCaHi

BHp06JieHHMH

Typeqqnrrn.

TaTap,

HaiTa)J,aTH Ha yKpaiHCLKi

nO!lOHeHUX.

MoJI)J,aBCLKHM

HOIO

rocrro)J,apcTBOM

peJia,

i!OH5lmb

XyiJo:JICHUK

XpOHiKaX,

6araTO )J,)KepeJI

rrpo

raJIHilhKHX U:i

rpO)J,ChKHX

Op)J,HHCLKi

HaBaJIH

KHHrax Ha

Haiii

Kpan. Bonn

cTaJIH

HarrpHKJia)J,,

rpa6i*HHU:LKHX CHCTeMaTnqrri

qacTHMH

1450

ITO

rrarra)J,iB

Harra)J,H

1556 rra

6oKy

XV piK

rra

rroqaTKY

KpHMCLKi

YKpalrry.

Op)J,H

XVI

Oco6JIHBO

MOJI)J,aBil Ha

Hallie

cToJiiTL.

BqHHHJIH

)J,aJIHCR

IloKyTTR

TaK,

BeJIHKHX

3Ha'-l II

fiO,[(HIC

lfllocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

313

TpoB'n,

)J,e,

CHRTHHa,

rroqnrraroqn

BOHH

Bi)J,

)J,OXO)J,HJIH

)1,0

PoraTHHa i )J,aJii BrJIH6 raJIHU:hKOI 3eMJii. MicLKHH KaTOJIHU:LKHH rraTpHU:iRT XOBaBCR 3a MypH lj>opTeU:L,

IIIJIRXTa

o6epiraJia

ce6e B 3aMKax, a rrern:acrri rrepe)J,Mirn:arrn MiCT rraKH

rrpnKaprraTCLKHX

MiCTeqoK, ciJI

CeJIRHH-Kpi-

3aJIHIIIaJIHCL

XHCHHMH.

6e33a-

raJIHU:hKHX

ChKHX KHHrax IIpRMO

rpO)J,-

CKa3aHO,

rn:o CrrnTnrrrn:nrra, KoJIOMHHliiHrra, PoraTnrrrn:nrra po3TaiiioBarri ,Ha TaTapChKOMY IIIJIRXy" i piK y

piK

cTaiOTL

3)J,o6nqqro

op-

)J,HHU:iB.

fio!lbCbKUU xpoHicm Mau,eu CmpuKoecbKuii.

XpOHiKaX

TOpHKiB

FpaB!opa XVI em.

IIOJihChKHX

ic-

BeJILCLKoro,

CTpHKOBChKOrO

iHIIIHX TO-

roqacHHX )J,.lKepeJiax qacTo H)J,e MOBa

rrpo

po3operrrrn

rraiiioro

rrpnKaprraTCLKoro

Kparo

TaTapaMH.

TaK, M. CTpHKOBCLKHH y cBoln ,Xporriu:i IIoJILrn:i" rrncaB rra rroqaTKY XVI cToJiiTTR, rn:o op)J,a B Kirru:i JIHIIHR 1609 poKy rrpoHIIIJia qepe3 raJIHq i )J,OXO)J,HJia )1,0 JlLBOBa, a ,3Bi)J,TaM IIOBepHyJiaCR Ha PoraTHH MiCTeqKo y CeMH MHJIRX Bi)J, JlLBOBa, 3MYCHJia 3)J,aTHCh, CIIaJIHJia HOro, a MeiiiKaHU:iB 3 BeJIHKOIO KOpHCTIO IIOrHaJia B IIOJIOH". O)J,Hi

llpnqoMy Ha

Ti .lK rrpnKaprraTCLKi oceJii TaTapn rrarra)J,aJIH rn:opiqrro.

ByK-

sanbHO 3HHKaJIH n:iJii ceJia. HarrpHKJia)J,, B 1498 pou:i TaTapn crrycToIIIHJIH

IIpnKaprraTTR

(laMe

Toro

qacy

IIo)J,iJI,

3axorrHBIIIH B rroJioH

rrapo)J,i

36eperJIHCR

100000 JIIO)J,eH.

rrepeKa3H

IIIOpH, Bi)J, RKHX IIpHKaprraTU:i XOBaJIHCR ITO Jiicax i

rrpo

TaTapcLKi

60JIOTaX.

TaTapchKi rrarra)J,H 6yJIH rrecrro)J,iBaHHMH i cTpaiiiHHMH. IIi)J,iHIIIOBIIIH

no 51 n a '-lVI MiCTa HeiiOMiTHO, Op)J,HHU:i IIi)J,IIaJIIOBaJIH KpaHHi XaTH, a K0JlV1

LJV1HV1BC~

i rapiix, '-la, nVIK

rrepeiiOJIOX, Haiia)J,aJIH, RK BOBKH, Ha JIIO)J,eH, B6HBaJIH

MOJlO,ll,V1X TH .ni

nonoHVInVI B ncnp (B rreBOJIIO), Bee rraJIHJIH. Cy-

XVI

non in i:

,Mn

6aqnJIH,

RK JIIO)J,eH B6HBaJIH,

BOJzoiJuMup

314 CTHHaJIH ceprrR,

rOJIOBH...

BHpHBaB

illJIRXH,

IlaM'RTb HRX,

RKi

11pOXO)J,HJia

BKpHBaJIHCR 11p0

rre

K063api

rrell

KH)J,aB

C11iBaJIH

110

BOrOHb

110

B6HTHX

BCiH

TpeMTRqi

BumonmaJla

opiJa

niiJ

TR*KHH

11epio)J,

OiJuH

lli,O

niiJe

HapO)J,HHX

11iC-

npo:HCumu:

MaJleHbKii

cmapux

cepeiJylli,UX xana

3aMOp)J,OBaHHX.

36eperJiaCR

KillbMU

nomonmaAa,

IIoe R3aJla,

OCBiqyBaJIHCR

YKpaini:

YKpai"na,

MOJlOOlUUX

IlpHKap11aTT10,

JIHXOJiiTTR

3a:HCypuAacb

Op)J,a

Tpy11aMH

CTparnHe

MaAux

CaMe

BOpor

Jiereni".

RKHMH

110)Ke)KaMH,

)KOpCTOKHH

Fpa6oeeu,bTWii

iJimu,

nopyoaJla,

na3aiJ py«u

no2naJla.

6yJia

nopmpemie

cxo11Jiena

PoKco;wHu

nama

PoKcoJiana.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

315

IIPHKAPIIATCbKA EPAHKA a)J,a€MO, rn:o u;eil rrarra)J, op)J,HHlliB rra PoraTHH cTaBcn 3 rriBrroqi paHHhOIO Becrrow.

PoraTHHChKe MicTo-cJ>opTeo;n

6yJio rra Toil

qac He TaK 3Mio;HeHe MypaMH, UJ:06 MOrJIO ce6e 3aXHCTHTH Bi)J, Op)J,H.

HarraBIIIH

Ha MiCTO,

B6HBIIIH

CTapHX,

)J,HHlli

rroB'n3aJIH

xJiorro;iB

)J,iBqaT,

BHBeJIH rra BoJIOChKHH IIIJIHX i 6parro;iB

KpHMChKe

KarjJa.

CIIaJIHBIIIH 6y)J,HHKH,

cepe)], rrnx

KaM

IpaBIOpa

HeBiJihHHqe

oxoporrnJiach

PoKcoJiarry,

OpTa il

qepe3 BacaJILHY MoJI)J,aBiiO )J,OCTaBHJIH

xarrcTBO.

EoiJeHepa

40-x poKiB XVII em.

IIocopTyBaBIIIH IX rra IIepeKorri, rroBeJIH 6iJILIIIe TO)J,i

MiCTO

Kac)>y.

10-TncnqrrnM

MOJIO)J,HX 6parro;iB y rrailc)>opTeliH

BiilchKOM

HaJie)KaJia Typ-

nrrnqapiB.

Bona

6yJia

XY -XYI cToJiiTTnx rraiiBa)KJIHBiiiiHM rreBiJILHnqnM 6a3apoM, )J,e po3rrpoiJ,yBaJIH 0)J,HH

THcnqaMH 36Hpaq

rrern:acrrnx

MHTa

IlepeKOIIi,

Mac ow 6parro;iB 3 YKpaiHH, HaiiiHX

CTOpOHaX,

a6o

rreBiJihHHKiB,

CIIOCTepiraiOqH

3arrnTyBaB:

MO)Ke

Hi,

3axorrJierrnx

, qH

rra

YKpairri.

qncJieHHOIO

3aJIHIIIHJIHCh rn:e JIIO)J,H B

3Bi)J,KH IX

6epeThCH TaKa

CHJia-

CHJieHHa? ". Kac)>a

KpOB'IO

IIH

HeBiJihHHqa,

CJih03aMH

IIpOKJIHTa

yKpaiHChKHX

HapO)J,OM

6parro;iB.

c)>opTeo;n,

JlHTOBChKHH

IIOJIHTa

)J,HIIJIOMaT

316

BoJtoiJuMup

MnxaHJIO , 0TolK Ha)J,TO

JlHTBHH,

Ka<J>i.

IOThCH

)J,JIH

llpipBa,

yBary

llpO)J,aTH Kpacy

THlKKOrO HHTH

IIIHX

cepe)],

rapHi

)J,iBqaTa TO

iHIIIHMH

rapHHX

KOJIO

TO)J,i:

Bi)J,raHHOrH)J,Ha

3aTOKH,

BHri)J,-

KpOBi

3HCK...

Bci

BHri)J,HO

qnHOBHHKaM.

30JIOTOM.

IIOBHY

Maxy

KapTHHY

,UeKOTpi

HaBqaiOTh Ta

)J,iBqaT,

11011epe!1,y

ClliBaTH,

lj>aKTOpH

KOTpHX

iHO)J,i

llpO)J,aTH Ha

Bary

HaHKpa-

rapa3)1,,

HaH)J,OpolKqe. 30JIOTa,

)J,aiOqn

MYCYJihMaHH,

110TaH-

Bi)J,pa3y

MaiOTh

Bi)J,rO)J,OBYIOTh

III06

llpo)J,aiOThCH,

BOHH,

HiMHiCTh

III06

110-iHIIIOMy.

THX

pyM'HHHTh,

3apa3

Hiif,

,LKiHOK, IIIO MaiOTh 3a)J,OBOJih-

KYIIYIOThCH

Micu;i

llepellpaBJie-

Kpacy,

)J,yKaTiB

TpHMaiOTh -

PoKcoJiaHa,

6yJia II

Typeu;hKHM

KalKe:

aJie

3apo6HTH

TOproBeJihHHKH

IIOJIOHeHa

HaMaJIIOBaB

XJIOIIIIiB

6iJIHTh

co6o10

Ma)J,i6Ho

llpo-

IIHYThCH

HeBiJihHHIIHMH". IIOJIOHHHOK,

roTyBaJIH

qacoM

MiCTO,

)J,iBqaTaMH

THCHqi

6aHKeTaX

6paHu;iB,

MOJIO)J,HX

c11eu;iaJILHO

TypKaM.

IIJiaTHJIH

THX

HaiiiOI

qnMaJIHH

IIHCaB

lliBocTpoBi,

HeBiJihHHKiB

JielKHTh

OIIHHHJiach

BHpiiiiHJIH

MeTKi

TYT-TaKH

O)J,pylKHTHCh

llpO)J,aBu;i

IIIOBK,

iHo)J,i,

MicTi

JlnTBHH,

llpO)J,alK

0Te

KpOB,

11epe11po)J,aJIH

Mary,

rypTy

30)J,Hrai0Th

)J,aBu;eBi

Haiiiy

)J,iBqaT

rpaTH.

6e3)J,OJihHHX

BHCOKOIIOCTaBJieHHM

p03BeCeJIHTH

IIIOBaTH

11'€

HeiiiaCTH,

TaBpiilchKOMY

KOpa6Jii.

CTaHOBHIIIa HeBiJihHHKiB,

BHBO)J,HJIH

IIIJia

MnxaiiJio

qoJIOBiqy

BHHHi

u;e

IIIJIHxy".

TOprOBIIi

rapeM

OTHX

raJiepaMH

)J,e

yKpaiHChKHX

Toil

IIIO,

IIIO

BCe

MicTax

rypTH

lleKeJihHOMY

CTaM6yJI,

3BepHyJIH

Bcix

IIOIIpOCTY

Typeu;hKHMH

110

u;iJii

MopcLKoro

TaKoMy

3Bi)J,CH Ha

TaM

6a3apy

3alKepJIHBa HOI

CIIOCTepiraiOqH

Bi)J,6yBa€ThCH

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

)J,JIH

pi3Hnx

PoKcoJiaHa,

lli)J,BHIIIeHHH

HayK HKa

HKHX

MOB.

llpO)J,aBaJIH u;iHH.

BHHecJia

Bary

yqnJIH

HMoBipHo,

MY3HKH,

TaKnil

IIpnKapllaTTH

30JIOTa,

IIIJIHX

Kpacy

TaHllpoii-

BeJIHKHH

po3yM. U:10 6yJii.

,rnKoJiy" 3aKH

IIOBeJIHTeJIH poro

HOCOM,

HailllpaB)J,OIIO)J,i6Hirne

IIOBeJIH

6araThOX

o11ncye

)J,OBrOIO

KpaiH

oqi i

BnxoBaHnil

)J,yci

IIOe3ii,

TOHKOIO

icTopnK

KpiM

PoKcoJiaHa

Hopra,

rapHoro,

MOB,

CTaM-

IIOKopnJia

rpi3Horo,

MeJiaHXOJiiHHHM

apa6cLKOI i cxi)J,HHX

PoKcoJiaHa

p03YMHOro,

6op 0)1,010,

cxi)J,HHX KYJILTyp, cyJITaH,

11poilrnJia

CyJieiiMaHa

Hapo)J,iB

MOJI)J,aBChKHH

IIIH€10,

JiiTepaTypn ChKi.

11epei1,

)1,06-

opJIHHHM

II Or JIH)J,OM.

11epcLKOI lj>iJiocolj>ii, 3HaB

cJioB'HH-

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

317

OqeBH)J,Ho, ocMaHChKoro iMrrepaTopa PoKconarra rronorrnna oco6nHBOCTHMH CBO€I iJ,YXOBHOCTi,

<J>i3nqrroi

Kpacn,

BennKHM

p03YMOM, Hi.lKHiCTIO, .lKirroqrricTIO, rrori)J,HOIO, Terrnoro, pa)J,icHOIO

B)J,aqero.

He)J,apeMrro II 3Bann XyppeM Pa)J,icrroro

raceKi

CynTaH-

III ero. Po3yM i cnna )J,yxy )J,aBann Iii 3Mory BTpyqaTHCH B rroniTnqrri

crrpaBH

iMrrepii, II rro-

pa)J,H 3aB.lK)J,H rrpHHOCHnH )J,06pi rracni)J,KH. TaKoi

caMOI

iJ,YMKH

)J,OTpH-

KpHM-

aKa)J,eMiK

MyBaBCH

ChKHH, KOnH ITHCaB, mO )J,iCTaBIIIHCh )J,O rapeMy 3Haqrroro )J,OCTOHHHKa, Fa!lUU,bKUCi CB5lU{eHUK. Fpae10pa KiHU,5l XVII em.

ePe

Tep, ChKe

.lKiHOIITBO,

nerKO

cBoro rrarra-qonoBiKa, 3)J,06yTH

TaKHM

MOrna

TinhKH

yKpaiHChKa

8 0 10

HKi

CH.JIY

o JI I

B3arani

rroniTHqHHH

BITnHB,

,rroTypqnnacL,

B,IJ,aiJy, xa

yKpaiH-

ce6e

iJ,YIIIY

Morna Bona

Ha)J,TO,

Ka.lKyqn

Mae

)1,0

a il B3HTH rra)J, HHM rreBHY cnny.

qnHOM

6paHKa

YKpaiucbKY

rrpHXHnHTH

O)J,KHHynaCh Bi)J, XpHCTHHHChKOI BipH Ta H, KOI iJ,YMH,

KOnH

BOHa

cnoBaMH Typerrh-

rro6ycypMarrnnach )J,nH po3Korni TyperrhKOI,

)J,nH naKOMCTBa rrern:acrroro". CyqacrrnKn,

HK rrnrne

aBcTpiilchKHH opierrTanicT XaMMep, rra3HBa-

nn II corrrreM iloro BennKoro Bono)J,iHHH a6o Becenoro

CynTarrrnero.

Bci 3 BennKHM rro)J,HBOM )J,HBHnnch rra II 3Haqrrnil BrrnnB rra rroniTnqrre .lKHTTH, BBa.lKann II cnnn rra)J,rrpnpo)J,HHMH.

Ponh i Micu;e PoKconarrn, II

)J,iHnhHiCTh cyrrepeqnnH Tpa)J,HrriHM, HKi CKnanHCh B 0cMaHChKiH iMrrepii, )J,yxoBi icnaMChKOI <J>inocolj>ii, peniril. BennKHH rra)J,nrnax CyneiiMaH IT036yBCH CBOrO rapeMy, ITOO)J,py.lKyBaB CBOIX .lKiHOK 3 olj>iu;epaMH TyperrhKOI O)J,Hiew

apMii

)J,ep.lKaBHHMH

Becenoro PycnHKOIO -

qnHOBHHKaMH, PoKconarroro.

CaM

3anHIIIHBCH

Bo;zoiJuMup

318

Fpa6oeeU,bKUU

XTO BOHA I 51K l"i 3BATll? SA-= 3 iKaBo 3HaTu, KOJIH Hapo)J,uJiach PoKcoJiaHa i KOJIH nonaJia B

~'!::~;,..~:,

cTaM6yJILCh.~uii

rapeM.

B icTopuqHiii JiiTepaTypi He 3YCTpi-

qaeMO

TOqHOI

)J,aTU.

HKOICh

AHaJii3yroqu

pi3Hi

iCTOpUqHi

3BiCTKH, JIHIIIe npu6JIH3HO BH3HaqaeMo )J,aTy II Hapo)J,MeHHH: 150 5 piK. II oxo)J,MeHHH PoKcoJiaHu i3 3axi)J,HoyKpa1HchKHX 3eMeJih )J,OCHTh nepeKOHJIHBO ni)J,TBep)J,lKY€ThCH B HapaTUBHHX TOroqacHUX )J,MepeJiaX. IIpo Te, IIIO BOHa 6yJia pO)J,OM 3 PoraTUHa, i3 CiM'I CBHIIIeHUKa, CTa€ Bi)J,OMO i3 )],BOX icTopuqHux 3ra)J,OK. noeTa-icTopuKa

nocJiaHHH

HarO)J,U

II epiii a

lie TBep)J,MeHHH

CaMyiJia TBap)J,OBChKoro. nOJihChKOrO

CaMe

KOpOJiiBChKOrO

BiH

nOJihChKOrO

cBolii noeMi

nOCOJihCTBa

IIIJIHXTUqa

36apa3hKOro )1,0 TypellhKOro cyJITaHa B 1621 PO IIi 3ra)J,y€ lllO pycHHKY, HKY Ha3uBae PoKcoJiaHoiO, MaJia

6yTu )J,oqKoiO

nona

i 3

IIIO BOHa Hi6uTo KopoJiiBChKa cecTpa, PoraTuHa.

,I(JIH

6iJihiii

apryMeHTOBaHoro

TBep)J,MeHHH nepe)J,a€MO )J,OCJiiBHO iioro CJIOBa: ,IIJ:o II CeCTpOIO KOpOJiiBChKOIO CyJieiiMaH Ha3uBae y6ororo 3 PoraTuHa nona 6yJia )J,oqKoiO, Bi)J,)J,aHa

HeBiJihHHlleiO

)J,O

rapeMy,

HKY

Kpacy

CyJieiiMaH

TaK

nO)J,06aB co6i, IIIO noHa)J, BCi CYJITaHU npoHiC II B npHKpaci". QqeBU)J,HO,

IIIO

nepe6yBaroqu Ha Toii MOlKJIHBO,

TBap)J,OBChKOMY qac

caMOMY

MOMHa

CTaM6yJii,

qyB

BipHTH,

OCKiJihKH

6araTo npo

cyJITaHChKOMY )J,Biplli.

Te,

IIIO

BOHa )J,OqKa

CBHIIIeHUKa 3 PoraTUHa, ni)J,TBep)J,lKY€ i i1,pyruii )J,OKyMeHT JieHHH IJ,e

noJihChKoro

cnpocToBye

npo Te,

IIIO

)J,MepeJio"

nucLMeHHHKa

KaTeropuqHe

rpalj>a

TBep)J,MeHHH

npo )J,OqKy poraTUHChKOrO noeMa

CTaHicJiaBa

noBi)J,OM-

PMeBycLKoro.

npolj>ecopa

nona

BiH,

PoKcoJiaHy,

Jl.

,rOBOpUTh

II.

Kicn

JIUIIIe

O)J,He

TBap)J,OBChKoro.

IJ,i BHCJIOBH ni)J,TBep)J,HJIH B cBolx npaliHX B XIX cToJiiTTi aBcTpiiiyKpaiHChKHH

iCTOpUK

AHTOHOBUq

yKpaiHChKHii nucLMeHHHK II. Ky Jiiiii. OcTaHHiii HeO)J,H03HaqHo nucaB: ,CyqacHUK HaiTI rpalj> PMeByChKHH )J,OBiB 6e3 Ha cy JITaHIIIa 6y Jia pora THHChKOIO A

HKe

TypeqquHi,

6yJio

€Bponi

nepeKoHaJiucn,

cnpaBMH€ B

XVI

iM'H

cyMHiBy, IIIO npeKpac-

noniBHOIO". Ta

ni3Hiiiiux

npi3BHII1e,

npucBoeHi

cToJiiTTHx?

IIIO BOHa 3a noxo)J,MeHHHM )J,iBquHa 3

Iii

)J,MepeJI

PoraTuHa,

aJie

HeBi)J,OMe )J,OCi II xpeiiieHe iM'H: Ma6yTh, llhOrO He )J,i3Ha€MOCh HiKOJIU.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

Harni rrornyKn

BHX KHHrax He CrroqaTKY qaJIO

u;e

IlpuKapnammR.

JihBiBChKHX apxiBax, yBirrqaJIHCh

po3rJIHHeMO

iM'H.

B raJIHllhKHX rpo)J,ChKHX aKTO-

ycrriXOM.

IIHTaHHH,

Berreu;iarrcLKi

Haperpa)J,a )J,OHOCHJIH

319

ToM

KOJIH

rrocJIH

Berreu;iro:

BIIeprne

CBOIX

€Bporri

JIHCTax

,IIiecTpo

IIp03By-

(peJIHlliHx)

Epara)J,irro

rrncaB,

,cyJITaHIIIa ITO Hau;ioHaJihHOCTi pyCHHKa", HK Ha3HBaJIH TO)J,i yKpaiHlliB

(1526 p.), Eeprrap)J,o HaBa)J,.lKepo (1553 p.) i ,UoMerriKo

B €Bporri

( 15 54

TpeBi3arro

p.)

MnxaiiJio JlnTBHH To6To Pyci. peM raceKi -

rrncaJin,

Bona

1:110 .lKiHKY rra3HBaB

3a cJioBaMH cyqacrrnKiB,

Pyci"

,6paHKOIO

YKpaiHH,

3 rrarnoi 3eMJii"

B Typeqqnrri II rra3HBaJIH Xyp-

BeceJia CyJITarrrna, a6o Pocca, Pyca, Poca, B €Bporri

PoKcoJiarroro. HiMellhKHH xporricT XVI cToJiiTTH Jlerriu;epi rra3HBae

A ToroqacHHH

II Pocca.

rra3HBae II PoKcoJiarroro. cToJiiTTH II. u;e iM' H

HiMellhKHH

)J,HIIJIOMaT

CTaM6yJii

,U.lKoBio TaKo.lK rra3HBae II PoKcoJiarroro.

PoKcoJiarrn

ny36eK

ITaJiiilchKHH icTopnK rreprnoi rroJIOBHHH XII

rrpnilrnJio B

TaKHM qnrroM

€Bporry.

MHMOBOJii HaiipOIIIY€ThCH IIHTaHHH: raTHHChKY Kpacyrrro PoKcoJiarroro? I

qoMy B

€Bporri Ha3HBaJIH po-

B3araJii, 3Bi)J,KH B3HJIOCh u;e iM'n,

cJioBo, rra3Ba? Bono rroxo)J,HTh 3 rJin6nrrn BiKiB. Ha3Ba PoKcoJiarrin arrTnqrra.

)J,aBHH,

TaK

rra3HBaJIOCh

arrTnqrre

MicTo

PoKcoJiarrn,

HKe

icrryBaJio 3 VI cToJiiTTH )J,O rrarnoi epn )J,O III cToJiiTTH rrarnoi epn rra 6epe3i ,UrricTpOBChKoro JIHMarry 6iJIH TerrepirnrrLoro ceJia PoKcoJiaHiB 0Bi)J,iorroJihChKoro pailorry 0)J,eChKOI o6JiacTi. U:e PoKcoJiarrnrre ropo)J,Hme po3KorryiOTh 3 TaKo.lK

1957 poKy apxeoJiorn 0)J,ecn.

poKcoJiaHaMH

MaTChKHX rrJieMerr,

rra3HBaJIH

rpyrrn

iparroMOBHHX KoqoBnx

HKi 3aceJIHJIH rriBrriqrre

cap-

IIpH<ropHoMop'n 3 II cTo-

JiiTTH )J,O rrarnoi epn. B

rrepio)J, Cepe)J,HhOBiqqn poKcoJiaHaMn,

porreilchKHX

.lKHTeJiiB

yKpaiHChKHX

3eMeJih

HK rrpaBHJio,

rra3HBaJIH eB-

rrepeBa.lKHO

IIH

Ha3Ba

3aKpirrnJiach 3a .lKHTeJIHMH 3axi)J,HOI YKpaiHH, HKa 3a a)J,MirricTpaTHBHHM rro)J,iJioM XV -XVII 1 cToJiiTh BXO)J,HJia )J,O CKJia)J,y PycLKoro BO€BO)J,CTBa B XV -XVI cToJiiTTHX B 6araTLox aKTax 3YCTpiqaeThCH rra3Ba PoKcoJI

aH ill, PoKciH, HKOIO rraiiMerryBaJIHCh 3axi)J,rroyKpaiHChKi 3eMJii i3 u;err-

TpoM

y JILBOBi.

cBolii

IloJihChKHH icTopnK E.

xporriu;i rrnrne, m o

BaJIOBChKHH

(1480-1535 pp.)

,JILBiB e u;errTpoM PoKcii",

a rroJihChKHH

Kap)J,HHaJI KoMeH)J,OHi, HKHH rrepe6yBaB y TO)J,iiiiHiH IIIJIHXeTChKiH IloJihmi, BBruKaB JILBiB CTOJIHlleiO PoKCOJiaHil. IHIIIHH Bi)J,OMHH IIOJihChKHH IIHCh-

320

BoJtoiJuMup

MeHHHK

KJILOHOBHq,

HKHH,

BHCOKorroeTnqHo

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

orrncyroqn

3axi)J,HO-

yKpaiHChKi 3eMJii i JlhBiB, 03arJiaBJIIO€ CBOIO 3HaMeHHTY IIOeMy ,PoKCOJiaHiH". 0TMe,

PoKcoJiaHiH

3axi)J,HOI

€BpOIIH

IlpHKaprraTTH.

HaMH.

IIH 3

CTaM6yJii

cToJiiTTi

TepHTOpiH

ToMy He )J,HBHO,

Ha3Ba

)J,iBqHHOIO

XVI

KOJIH

cyJITaHChKOMY

3aKpirrHJiach

rrpi3Bnrn:e

BOHa

PoKcoJiaHH

cTaJia

CeJI,

rrpo6JieMOIO

)J,OCTOBipHHX

Hai16iJILIIIe 3eMChKHX rroqaTKY

apxiBax

XVI

BHra)J,aHe

cToJiiTh

lKHTeJiiB

TOMY

qncJii

eBporreilu;iB B

TypeqqnHi,

cToJiiTTH 3'HBJIH€ThCH HOBe TaK II Ha3HBaiOTh

BHHBJieHO.

HaBiTh

rro)J,i6HHX

ABTOpOBi

IIOIIIYKH

KneBa. He

raJIHIIhKHX

BHHBJieHo

rrpi3BHJD:

pi3HHX

3B'H3KY

apxiBaX,

rpo)J,ChKHX

XV -

KiHu;i

JiicoBChKHX.

U:e

rrpi3Bnrn:e

IIHChMeHHHKaMH.

.H. II. Kich. ,B icTopnqHiil

Ili)J,TBep)J,MeHHH IlhOMY )J,ae rrpo<J>ecop XY)J,OlKHiH rn:e

ycTax

JiicoBChKa.

po6HTH

JlLBOBa,

KHHrax

U:e IIOKH JD:O IIHChMeHHHIIhKHH )J,OMH-

)J,lKepeJI

)J,OBO)J,HJIOCh

aKTOBHX

Bi)J,OMOIO

XIX

HacTH

IIHChMeHHHKH, IIOeTH, IIp03aiKH.

Ili€10

cepe)],

)J,Bopi.

xy)J,OMHiil JiiTepaTypi 3 cepe)J,HHH

iM'H

6yJia

YKpaiHH,

JD:O BHXi)J,IIiB 3 Hei Ha3HBaJIH pOKCOJia-

PoKcoJiaHa

PoraTHHa,

3HaHa

3axi)J,HOI

JiiTepaTypi,

PoKcoJiaHH

TBopqocTi,

IIHCaB

BiH,

3YCTpiqaeMO

HacTacin JiicoBChKa, IIi)J,TBep)J,lKeHe

aJie

lKO)J,HHMH

iM'H

BOHO B3HTO

iCTOpHqHHMH

rrpi3BH-

Hapo)J,HOI

)J,lKepeJiaMH.

IIpaB)J,a, rrpi3Bnrn:e JiicoBChKHX 3YCTpiqaeThCH y

XVI-XVII

(Ha MaJih,

r.) Tpa)J,HIIiH, Ha HKY

aBTOp He BKa3ye Ha )J,lKepeJia.

rroKJIHKaiOThCH coBChKOIO,

pi3Hi

He)J,ocTaTHH

MOrJia YTBOpHTH rrpo

PoKcoJiaHy

,UJIH BHtu:a

CaMa BMe

1Ip030BHX

Heo6xi)J,Hi.

MeHHHKiB Ha u;e KY,

HKa,

aBTopn,

Jl:o

)J,JIH

Ha3HBaroqn

IIOeTHqHHX TBOpiB

cJiaBeTHa

lK,

TaKi

xoq

Ha)J,yMaHi

)J,JIH JiaKOMCTBa Hetu:aCHOro", KpaiO.

KJIIOqaMH

6i)J,HHX K03aKiB HeBiJihHHKiB Ha BOJIIO II pi)J,HHM )J,OJIIO".

3BicTKY

rrpo

ce6e

Mapycro

aJie

Bi)J,qHHHJia

BHIIYCTHJia,

rrpocHTH

iMeHa

rrpi3-

HaiiiTOBXyBaJia

rrpo

COBiCTh

BoHa

lK II

IIHCh-

EorycJiaB-

,rro6ycypMaHHJiaCh )J,JIH p03-

KOIIIi Typeu;hKOI, pi)J,HOrO

Toro

HKa IIHCaJia

cToJiiTTn".

Haiiiy iJ,YMKy,

yKpaiHChKa )J,yMa

3a eiiOCHHMH MOTHBaMH,

)J,O

JiiTepaTypa,

XIX

cToJiiTTHX

HacTaciero Jii-

apryMeHTau;ii,

XY)J,OlKHH

rrepiiioi rroJIOBHHH

TOrO

PoKcoJiaHy

icTopnqHoi

iCTOpHqHa i 3

He I

3arOBOpHJia

TeMHH£110

,Bcix

IIpOCHJia rrepe)J,aTH

Hern:acHy

HeBiJihHHIIhKY

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

321

ToM

HEB'51HYqA KPACYH51 Toroqacnnx

JI,- '-A C

)J,aTy,

)J,.lKepeJI

KOJIH

30BciM

rrpnKaprraTChKa

Toqno

6panKa

MO.lKeMo

BH3naqnTH

rroTparrnJia

rap eM

CyJieiiMana II IInrnnoro.

KpnMChKHH

CTBep)J,.lKye,

cyJITaHChKHH

rapeM

rrpnilrnJia

PoKcoJiana me rrepe)J, THM, HK CyJieiiMaH 3arranyBaB na cyJITaHChKOMY rrpeCTOJii

(1520 p.), a IIOMepJia B 1558 poo;i, KOJIH CYJITaHOBi 6yJIO

IIOHa)J, IIIiCT )J,eCHT 6ypxJIHBoro i

JiiT.

To6TO,

BOHa

MaJia

IIpO.lKHTH

53 pOKH CBOrO

necrroKiilnoro .lKHTTH.

,Uemo rro-inrnoMy 3'ncoBye r:oo )J,aTy .H. II. Kich. Bin rrnrne, mo na OCHOBi 3i6paHHX )J,.lKepeJihHHX Bi)J,OMOCTeH MO.lKHa 3p06HTH BHCHOBOK, mo

PoKcoJiana

6yJia

3axorrJiena

TaTapaMH

)J,ech

Mi.lK

15 0 9 i

1516

poKaMn. CKiJihKH 6yJio Iii TO)J,i poKiB, mo po6nJia )J,O Toro qacy, KOJIH cTaJia .lKiHKOIO cy JITana? A.

KpnMChKHH roBopHTh, m o B rap eM Bona

rrpnilrnJia B

1520 pou;i, a MOJI)J,aBChKHH icTopnK H. Hopra TBep)J,HTh,

Beneu;iancLKoro

)J,aHHMH

rrocJia

IIiecTpa

Epara)J,ino,

Bona

1521 pou;i napo)J,HJia rreprn oro cnna CeJiiMa. IIpo<J>ecop .H. II. Kich po6nTh ocTaToqnnil BHCHOBOK: HKmo PoK-

COnaHa TQIJ,J

IIOTpaiiHJia B TaTapChKHH IIOJIOH Mi.IK

MOrJIO 6yTH He MeHIIIe

15 0 9 i 15 16 pp., TO IH

10-15 poKiB.

lla Haiiiy iJ,YMKY, o;e TBep)J,.lKeHHH Ha)J,TO HeKOHKpeTHe, 6iJihiii rrpaB)J,OIIO)J,i6Ha

Bipori)J,Hiiiia

3aJIHIIIa€ThCH

HOHa rrorra)J,ae B cyJITaHChKHH rapeM.

TaKH

)J,aTa

1520 piK,

KOJIH

A. KpnMChKHH ne6e3rri)J,cTaBHO

HaBO)J,HTh 1:110 )J,aTy, a)J,.lKe, 3a 6araTLMa icTopnqnnMH )J,aHHMH,

caMe B

1320 poo;i 6yB BqHHeHHH O)J,HH 3 Haif6iJihiiiHX Haiia)J,iB TaTap Ha Harne

llpuKaprraTTR. RK

BHrJIH)J,aJia

PoKcoJiana,

)J,OBi)J,yeMOCh

orrnciB

cyqacnnKiB,

QqeBII)J,I:(iB, a Toqnirne, BeHeo;iaHChKHX IIOCJiiB, TaK i 3 THX IIOpTpeTiB, mo Ha)J,iHIIIJIII )J,O narnoro qacy.

AKa,n:eMll<: A. M

palj>ii

.i oi.i

KpnMchKHil )J,OCHTh

,lcTopin Typeqqnnn"

o6'eKTHBHo

orrncaB II B

cBoiil

(1924 p.). 3a iloro orrncoM, PoK-

ia CBOlM 30BHiiiiHiM BHrJIH)J,OM He HaJie.lKaJia )1,0 3BHqaifnoro

II1Iq 1I1X a3iaTChKHX KpacyHh, y HKHX IIOBHHHi 6yTH .lKaryqi oqi, naqe qOpHi

MaCJIHHH,

oi pM)J,Ha IIOCTaTh.

IIO.lKa)J,JIHBi

ycTa,

IIaJIIOqi

BHCOKi

rpy)J,H,

p03KiiiiHO-

322

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

Ilpo PoKcoJiaHy cKa3aHo 6yJio

1526

BeHeujaHChKOMY IIOCJIOBi B

poo;i,

TiJihKH Ha,

BOHa

rrpo,ll,OBMye

a3iaTChKa

BpO)J,a,

KpHMChKHll,

TaKHX,

,rpao;io3-

pocToM".

HeBeJIHqKa

)J,eJiiKaTHa,

HerapHO-MOJIO)J,a,

)J,O)J,aBaJIH,

B'HHYTh

p03YMHa BeceJio

MiHKa,

TaK Hall-

6yJia

HKa

po3BaMaJia

CYJITaHa i pa,ll,y,

u;e

6yJia

A mo

IIIBH)J,KO, HK a3iaTChKi. BalKJIHBiiiie

Ta I I

,ll,yMe

THMHJia

, IlHIIIHoro"

BMiJia )J,aTH IIYTHIO 110-

KOJIH

IIIerrTaTH

Ill

Tpe6a

IIaHOBi

6y JIO

CBiTy

rri)J,-

6oJIIOqi

IIi)J,03piHHH IIpOTH THX, XTO o6epTaBCH KOJIO Hhoro. MHHaJIH JiiTa, a

XyppeM

MaTH

rri)J,

CHJIOIO,

1554

Ill

TOro,

mo6

I l p o Te

1554 co6i

MaTH

CaMe

poKy:

Bpo,ll,y,

piK

BIIJIHB

HaCTiJihKH KOXa€ MY

rraJiao;i

BOHa

BiK )J,JIH

MiHKH ,ll,yMe

3BHqall

CXOTiB

o;e

THM

HiHKHX

llOrO

BiH

30BCiM

cy JITaHa.

(PoKCOJiaHy),

IIOCOJI

nyc6eK

(cyJITaH)

iHIIIOI MiHKH,

HKa

CKpOMHa

MaJia

TO iHIIIY,

3a6opOHHJIOCh

pou;i

rrorrepe,ll,Hill

lloro

cJioBa:

HiKOJIH me 6

6iJihiiiY

,ll,ylKe

)J,06pe

TOrO

TaKH

IIiCJIH TOrO He 6paB

3B'H3KiB

IIOIIepe)J,HHKiB,

co6i TO O,ll,Hy MiRKY,

15 53

MaTH

KHM

TpeBi-

,IIicJIH Toro,

qH )J,JIH TiJieCHOI BTiXH".

aBCTpillChKHll

xoq

CTaM6yJia:

6iJihiiie

6yJIO

6paTH

rroBaM-

,UoMeHiKO

6yJIO

3Ha€

PoKcoJiaHy, I I

fl: oro

CHJIY

3aKOHOM". BeHeo;iaHChKHll

HaBa)J,Mepo TaKoM o;iKaBo rrHcaB rrpo

IIpH€MHa,

BOJIO)J,apH".

JiiT,

6iJihiiie )J,iTell,

CBi)J,qHB

rrepe,ll,

EepHap)J,o

PoKcoJiaHy

,,UocTaTHhO Bi)J,OMO,

lKO)J,HOI MiHKH,

rrocoJI

TaKoro

OCKiJihKH TypKH MaiOTh )J,JIH

MHHyJio

IIOCOJI BeHeo;iaHChKOI pecrry6JiiKH

KalKyTh,

MiHKaMH,

3 nopmpema XVI em.

PoKCOJWHa.

qa-

mo)J,aJii

pou;i )J,OHOCHB rrpo

BiH I I B3HB,

iHIIIHMH

BMe

TO)J,iiiiHill

TpH-

cBoero

HaBiTh,

CHJihHiiiie. KOJIH

3aHO B HK

rrepecTaBaJia

rra)J,HIIIaxa

piBHOIO

HHll,

BeJIHqHiCTh OCMaHChKO-

BJia)l,y. B)J,aqy

KaMyTh, BeJIHKOrO

ImocmpoeaHa icmopiR IIpUTwpnammR.

ToM

323

I TaKH

BHBqHJia

crrpaB)J,i

)J,BiprreBe

PoKcoJiana CYJITaHChKe

.lKHTTH i BMiJia CBOIM p03YMOM, B)J,aqero orrepyBaTn, )J,aBaTH rropa)J,H

Cy JieiiMany.

II p o II 30BHinmiil BHr JIH)J, cBi)J,qaT

IIOpTpeTH,

naiiioro qacy.

HKi

)J,iHIIIJIH

)1,0

IX KiJILKa 3aBe3-

JIH B €Bporry. 0)J,HH 3 Haif6iJihiii rrpaB)J,OIIO)J,i6nnx Toil,

rropTpeTiB

6yB

IIIO if oro rrpnBi3 3i CTaM-

6yJia HiMerrhKHH IIOCOJI

nyc6eK

y 15 54 porri. li)KaBnil rropTpeT, ua

PoKCOJWHa. Fpae10pa XVI em.

3o6pa.lKene rrorpy)J,)J,H

PoKcoJiann

rrpolj>iJih

po3-

KiiiiKOMY O)J,H3i i3, CBOrO po)J,y, KOpOHOIO Ha rOJIOBi, a HaBKOJIO HaiiHC: ,Pocca CyJieiiMana .lKiHKa".

3)J,a€ThCH,

rre

6yB

crrpaB.lKHiil rrepBicnnil

rropTpeT PoKcoJiann, 3po6Jiennil 3 naTypn B CTaM6yJii

na)J,pyKoBannil

nncpiiie LK.an LKaKoM EyacapoM B KHH3i

rropTpeTH TY-

perrhKHX

CYJITaHiB,

306pa.lKeHi

3 HaTypH

, Eiorpalj>ii Ha

CTapOBHHHHX

Me)J,aJIHX

rrpnBe3eni 3 KoncTaHTHHOIIOJIH Ta rro)J,apoBani iMrrepaTopoBi <l>ep)J,inan)J,y".

Knnra 6yJia orry6JiiKoBana y <l>panKij>ypTi-na-Mailni B 1596 porri,

)J,e na cTopinrri 20 BMiiiieHnil neil rropTpeT PoKcoJiann. To)J,i eBporreilrri HHCpiiie MOrJIH rro6aqHTH, HK BHrJIH)J,aJia PoKCOJiaHa. ,Ue ChOrO)J,Hi 36epira€ThCH

opnrinaJI

rrLoro rropTpeTa,

neBi)J,oMo.

,Una iniiii rropTpeTH PoKcoJiann B qaJIMi Te.lK rriKaBi CBOIM xy)J,o.lKHiM

HHKOHaHHHM.

,rtiB'IUHu,

HaC

~BIPQEBI .i,

)J,HBHThCH

qy)J,OBe

o6Jinqqn

yKpaiHChKOI

rrpaB)J,OIIO)J,i6no cKorriiloBane 3 rrepBicnoro rropTpeTa.

1536 porri

IHTPHfH I TA€MHHQI

€Bporry

3)J,HByBaJia

3BicTKa,

IIIO

BKa3iBKOIO

CyJieiiMana II Ilniiinoro 6yB 3a)J,yiiiennil Bi3np-MerrenaT 16pa-

ITa

i iM, YJII06JieHerrh cyJITana, pO)J,OM 3 rperril. Bin rrpHCJIY.lKHBCH

iqnni

THM,

IIIO na6JIH3HB II )J,O

<l>panrril.

BenerriancLKi rrocJIH

Jill )J,onecennnx xapaKTepn3yBaJIH iloro rrepe)J, eBporreilrrHMH HK ,)J,y.lKe

324

BoJtoiJuMup

6JiaropO)J,Hy HaTypy ,16pariM

p03YMHY JIIO)J,HHy"

Fpa6oBeu,oKuii

(IlieTpO ,Il;3epo,

1524 p.),

yqena JIIO)J,HHa, qnTae <J>iJioco<J>cLKi TBOPH i )J,o6pe 3Hae IIHCaB IIpO HLOro IlieTpO npara)J,iHO (1526 p.).

CBOI TBOpH, -

A. 10. KpHMChKHH, IIOCHJiaiOqHCh Ha uj )J,JKepeJia, CTBep)J,JKye, UJ;O IIi)), qac

CBOrO

(1523-1536 pp.) Bi3Hp 16pariM 6araTO

Bi3HpyBaHHR

3po6HB )J,JIR Toro, rn:o6 36JIH3HTH Typeqqnny Ta <l>panujro. JII06HB Bi3Hpa

UJ;Hporo

IIpHRTeJIR,

Jiari)J,HO

CyJieHMaH

CTaBHBCR )1,0

HhOrO i

Bi)J,)J,aB 3a HhOrO CBOIO CeCTpy.

A )J,aJii A. 10. KpHMCLKHH IIi)), BIIJIHBOM Toroqacnnx IIO)J,iH i )J,JKepeJI po6HTh

BHCHOBOK,

UJ;O

CyJieHMaH,

,IIi)J,)J,aiOqHCh

BIIJIHBy"

PoKCOJiaHH,

qn, RK Ka3aJIH TO)J,i, qapaM, 3)J,aTHHH 6yB IIOCHJiaTH Ha CMepTh TaKHX CBOIX BeJILMOJK, KOTpi )J,06pe IIpHCJIYJKHJIHCR )J,epJKaBi i MaJIH Hea6HRKHH )J,epJKaBHHH )J,OCBi)J,. Ma6yTL, na PoKcoJiaHHHiH )J,yrni JieJKHTL cMepTL Bi3Hpa-MeU:eHaTa 16pariMa. I

,3aBeprnye CBiH 3)J,Ora)J, KpHMChKHH THM,

rn:o cyJITaH MaB 16pariMa 3a cBiH ,)J,yx i cepu:e", IIpoTe 16pariM qepe3 PoKcoJiany

3arnnyB

BpernTi-pernT

rane6no10

cMepTIO

( 15 3 6):

no My

IIOCTaBJieHO 3a IIpOBHHY Ha)J,TO 6JIH3hKi Bi)J,HOCHHH 3 <J>paHKaMH i HOrO 3a)J,yiiieHO qopHHM IIIOBKOBHM IIIHypKOM 3a HaKa30M CaMoro CyJieHMaHa II Ilnrnnoro. IIpoTe KpHMCLKHH ne BIIeBHeHHH y cBolx 3)J,ora)J,ax, rn:o

16pariM

CJIOBaMH:

3arnnyB )J,OCi

qepe3

BCR

PoKcoJiany,

iCTOpiR

TOMY

16pariMOBOrO

BHCJIOBJIIO€

CKapaHHR

cyMHiB

3aJIHIIIa€ThCR

CIIpaBOIO rn;e )J,OBOJii TeMHOIO". He

6epycn

IIpHIIyUJ;eHHR, MorJIH

ciipocToByBaTH UJ;O

TaKy

IIPHIIHCaTH

BHHY

PoKcoJiani

Benen:iaHCLKi )J,HIIJIOMaTH

IIi)),

BIIJIHBOM pi3HHX Heo<J>iU:iHHHX qyToK B CTaM6yJii. He3BaJKaroqn JII06oB

cyJITana

JiaHH,

CyJieHMaH

MaB rn;e

CHHa

poKiB RKY

qepKeiiieHKOIO.

<J>aKTnqno

TaHIIIeiO

IIaJIKY PoKco-

H iHIIIY JKiHKY,

Ha3HBaJIH Bona

na )J,O

6yJia

napo)J,HJia

MycTa<J>y,

RKHH

cyJInoMy MaB

IIpaBO 3aHHRTH IIiCJIR eMep-

Typeu,bKuu cyJtmaH CyJteiiMaH IIuutnuii. FpaBropa

XVI em

lfllocmpoeaHa Ti

6aTLKa

JiaCR

)J,y*e

IIOBi)J,OMJIRJIH

pi3HHX

THqHy

,U.

CU:eHy.

U:eM

BOHa

HOrO

)J,iBqHHH". !1,piCTL,

CBi)J,OMa

OCh

BOHa

O)J,HOrO

6a)Ka€

piBHRTHCR

JiaCL

Hei pyKaMH

HOB)J,HJia H KonH

CBHYX

HOHa

€,

Oi <<pa3a nona

qepKeiiieHKY

MJ.my npo

CKa3aB,

CYJITaHOBi

)J,O

M ail:6yTH bO ro

KOI 38 H~K

11MKI

TH,

l.paHeU:L CBOIX

TO)J,i,

oqi,

reTL

0cTaHHR,

MycTa<IJH, MH

JII06HB

iHo3eMHHX rrocniB

,I()KIOp)J,)KeBHq

6yB

IIHCaB

)J,Opory

M'Rco",

BHHIIIJia

Ma€

TaKa,

He)J,OCTOHHa

BCe-TaKH,

Ill 06

BHKJIHKaB )1,0 ce6e

Ha Te,

IIIO

BOJIO)J,apeM

3BeniB

BHCJiaTH y

BOHa CBiTy

MarHe3il,

Hiqoro.

IIOBHO TypKH

RKHH

6yB

oxapaKTepH30BaHHH IIOKJia)J,aJIH

Bi)J,Ba)KHHH

*OPCTOKHH

rrpo

CBOIO

HaMiCHHKOM

MaH)Ke

3a)J,yiiiHTH.

HancTaprnHH

3apa3

IIOBTOpHB,

CynTaH

CHHa,

rrpeCTOJIOHaCJii)J,HHKa,

p03KY-

Hexan BiH rrepe-

BOHa

6aJiaKaTH

)J,i3Ha€MOCL

MycTa<!JH

CyJITaH

n:e

3a3-

M'RCO, BqerrH-

06JIHqqR,

3a ropJIO

IIOKJia)J,aiOqHCh

co6i

a3iaTCLKY IIpO)J,aHe

KJIHqe

)1,0

KYIIOBaHOI

PoKCOJiaHy,

po3rHiBaHHH,

R3HKa. mo

cep-

3aXO)J,HTh )1,0

,IIpO)J,aHe

KOJIH

qeprranH u:i

cy JITaHChKOrO

TaM

CYJITaH

CyJieHMaH

PoKconaHy

BOHa,

)J,OCHTL

3BHqaHHO,

6ypXJIHBY

RKeCL

IIIO

)1,03BOJIHJia

CYJITaHa

cnoBaMH

lipon-

Ta,

HiKOJIH

CBOIO

u:e

KOMIIOHY€ )J,paMa-

rrepeXHJIHJIOCh

BHrJIR)J,.

po3rrycTHJia

CHHa

)J,IIIIJIOMaTaMII.

HT ~ M

CHHa

p03IIpaBy.

)J,aJILIIIY )J,OJIIO

06pa3

B)Ke

rrpHHIIIOB

BeJIHqHOCTi.

HaCTYIIHHKa, Ta

A3iiO

"fi

CHJIH.

HaKHHyJiaCL

CyJieHMaHOBi,

HOrO

CYJITaHChKOrO )J,BOpy.

PoKconaHa Bi)J,MOBHJia €BHyxoBi:

HeraHHO IIpHHIIIJia,

MaTH

HeiiOKa3HHH

3'RBHJiaCL

II p

IIO)J,pRIIaJia PoKCOJiaHi

CKOIJiacL,

aracH"

Ha)J,TO

)J,JIR

rHiBJIHBO

qepe3

HOCH-

)J,HIIJIOMaTH-IIOCJIH

Man6yTHLOrO

3aKOHHOI

,3pa)J,HHU:e,

MHOIO!".

IIOCKy6aJia Ill BOJIOCCR Ta HaMaraJiaCL

IIa)J,HIIIaXOBi a)K

MaTH

IIa)J,HIIIaX

HirTRMH,

rrpHro)J,a

,KH3Jiap

Tenep

rrepeHIIIJIO,

PoKconaHy )J,O ce6e. Ka*e

BeHen:iaHCLKi

)J,OCHTL )J,eTaJILHO

CBO€I

rop)J,O

cynTaHa.

PoKconaHoiO.

Ha)J,XO)J,HJIH

pa3y,

3aKpHqaJia:

qepKeiiieHKa

BoHH 6ynH cyqacHHKaMH

RKi

qoMy

KOXaHHR

€Bporry

KpHMCLKHH

CTpa)K)J,aJia,

qoMy

epKeiiieHKa,

6yna

U:LOro,

PoKconaHH

TpaBi3aHo.

325

ToM

KoH<!JniKT

IIOBi)J,OMJieHL,

OIIHCaMH

HaCTYIIHHKa,

He I,

)J,O

po3rroqana

HaBa)J,*epo i

3a IX

BHXO)J,RqH

peBHyBana

epKerneHKa

)J,aHi

IlpuKapnammR.

rrpeCTOJI.

)J,eTaJILHO

icmopi5l

MycTa<!Jy,

IIOIIepe)J,HHKiB )J,eCIIOTH3MOM

Ha)J,il i

BrrepTHH. II(O

BiH

MY*HiH, Cyqac-

,rrepeBH-

)KOpCTOKiCTIO".

'-l8p83 RKHHCh qac Ha)J, rOJIOBOIO MOJIO)J,OrO rrpeCTOJIOHaCJii)J,-

HaCYHYJIIICb

XMapH.

CyJITaHy

HaiiiiiiTyBaJIH,

IIIO

CHH,

HaMiCHHK

326 Marrre3ii,

orrnparoqnch

rra nrrnqapiB,

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWCi

xoqe rro36aBHTH

6aTLKa Tporry.

,IJ)KIOp)J,lKeBHq IIHCaB: ,IMrrepaTop Mae 3apa3

(1541) CHHa rrepBic-

TKa, rrpn6JIH3HO )J,Ba)J,IIHTH Tphox poKiB rra iM'H MycTalj>a, HKHll 3apa3 3aMHIIIJIHB JIHXe IIpOTH CBOrO 6aTbKa, KOJIH 6 CIIpOMircH, TO B6HB 6n lloro i 3axorrnB BJia)J,y".

CKiJihKH TYT rrpaB)J,H, BaMKO cKa3aTn: BH)J,Ho,

qyTKH KPYMJIHJIH B II opTi Ha iJ,YMKY iCTOpHKiB,

HKi

)J,OHeCJIHCH )J,O irro3eMHHX rrocJiiB. IIOCHJiaJIHCh Ha

IIOBi)J,OMJieHHH

cyqacHH-

KiB-oqeBH)J,lliB, BCIO £110 3aTiiO IIpOTH MOJIO)J,OrO MycTalj>H MaJia BqnHHTH

PoKCOJiaHa,III06

cnrra

CeJiiMa.

U:e

IIOCTaBHTH

3po3yMiJio.

B Mall6yTHhOMY

KoMrra

MaTH

Ha rrpeCTOJI

)1,6ae

rrpo

CBOrO

cBoro

cnrra,

6aMae llOMY Kpaiiioro. Ill B llhOMY MaB )J,OIIOMaraTH II 3HTh, BeJIHKHll

15 4 4

Bi3Hp PycTeM-IIaiiia, IIIO BHKOHyBaB lj>yHKllii BeJIHKOrO Bi3Hpa 3

1561 piK. Birr 6yB 3a rroxo)J,MeHHHM cep6oxopBaT i 3aJIHIIIHBCH

)J,OBipeHOIO )J,JIH CYJITaHa JIIO)J,HHOIO. paBaJia

CBOIO

MOJIO)J,Hll crrerrrrn

poJih

MycTalj>a

PoKcoJiarra. roTyeThCH

3po3yMiJio,

Bona

)J,O

qoMy TYT TelK Bi)J,ir-

rrepeKorryBaJia

rrepeBopoTy.

Hi6n

cyJITarra, Birr )J,JIH

IIIO

3)J,ill-

CBO€I MeTH rrepe6yBa€ B TaKHX CaMHX 3B'H3KaX 3 rrepChKHM

IIIaxoM TaxMacrroM, Bocerrn

HKHll

rra TOll

qac BoporyBaB 3

IIopToiO.

1533 poKy CyJiellMaH i3 BillChKOM 3Haxo)J,HBCH B MaJiill

A3ii i )J,O Hhoro )J,illiiiJIH qyTKH, IIIO MycTalj>a roTye rroBcTaHHH rrpoTH HhOrO.

Po3rHiBaHHll

3a)J,yiiiHTH,

CYJITaH

BHKJIHKaB

CHHa

Ta6ip

HaKa3aB

llOrO

a rrpecToJiorracJii)J,HHKOM yTBep)J,HB cnrra PoKcoJiaHH CeJii-

Ma II MeeT, To6To rr'nrroro. Birr, 3a BHCJIOBOM cyqacrrnKiB, BHHBHBCH rreB)J,aJIHM rroro B HKa

cyJITarroM,

cTaB IIHHKOM i

)J,ecrroToM, Ta rrpaBHB Typeqqn-

15 6 6- 15 7 4 poKax. To)J,i rroqaBcH rrpou;ec 3arrerra)J,y Typeqqnrrn,

IIOCTYIIOBO

BTpaTHJia

Yci u;i )J,Bipo;eBi )J,paMH I6pariMa i

CBOIO -

MoryTHiCTh.

BHrHaHHH

qepKeiiieHKH,

rrpecToJiorracJii)J,HHKa MycTalj>n -

3arn6eJih

Bi3npa

rrpnrrncyBaJIH PoKcoJiarri.

I rraBiTh TaKHll Bi)J,OMHll TypKoJior, HK A. KpHMChKHll, rrncaB; ,HiKOJIH, Ma6yTh, He )J,OBeJIOCh PoKCOJiaHi TaK MiliHO HarrpyMyBaTH CBill iHTpHraHChKHll XHCT, HK TO)J,i, KOJIH BOHa, HapeiiiTi, HaBalKHJiaCh 3iiiXHYTH 3i CBOro IIIJIHXY OTY cyJITaHIIIy-qepKeiiieHKY, BY

i1,pylKHHY,

rrpeCTOJIY

CBO€MY

rrpoTe

CHHOBi

rrpoqncTHTH CeJiiMOBi,

OTYIO Hallrrepiiiy IIa)J,HIIIaXO-

)J,OpiMeHhKY

30BCiM He

A )J,aJii B irriiioMy JIHCTi cBoei rrpau;i Birr CTBep)J,Mye: XyppeM-CYJITaH

IIOKJiaJia,

HK )J,illTH

KpaiO,

)1,0

OCMaHChKOro

TaJiaHOBHTill JIIO)J,HHi". , OT qncToJiro6nna

3aBepiiiHTH

crrpaBy:

)J,OOH

THCh, III06 rre MycTalj>oBi, a II pi)J,HOMY cnrroBi CeJiiMoBi rrpHlliiiOB rra

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

ToM

IlpuKapnammR.

327

crra~oK ocMaHChKHH rrpecTon.

BKy-

rri 3 Hero BiB 3a~yMaHy crrpaBy ~o 6aMaHoro

KiHrrH

BenHKHH

Bi3Hp

PycTeM-rrarna". RKa

ponh

~paMaTnqHiH

rriil

icTopii Cy neiiMaHoBoro ~Bopy caMOI

PoKconaHn,

Harny ~YMKy,

BaMKO BH3HaqHTH. <l>aKTHqHo rrpHqnHOIO ~Bipu;n

ycyHeHHH

cy nTaHoBoro

rreprnoi ~PYMHHn-qepKerneH 6o Harra~ana

KH 6yna BOHa caMa, Ha PoKconaHy

rpy6inHnna caMo-

MY cynTaHoBi, a ~ani, Konn II BHcnann

cnHa,

Morna

BOHa 3i 3nOCTi rri~6ypiOBaTH iforo rrpOTH

6aTbKa?

U:e

IIIO XO~HnH

peanhHO,

THM

6inhiiie

qyTKH, Hi6H

MycTalj>a He rrpnxoByBaB cBoro HerrparHyB

3a~oBoneHHH

CKHHYTH

6aTLKa. PoKcoJtaHa. Xydo:HCHUK

MycynhMaHChKHM

Ha~BipHOI

nereH~H,

B TOMY

BBaMann

C/JicO!lb

3aKOHaM,

qacTHHH

3aqapyBaTH

IIanKa nro6oB cynTaHa ~o PoK-

Muxau!lo

BHKnHKana

HHHqapChKOI

qncni i

cynTaHa.

cynTaHrny

conaHn,

cepe~

OXOpOHH,

3a6o60HH rrpo

lcTopnKH XyppeM

MiHKH,

Bcyrrepeq ~Bopy

cynTaHChKOrO

MHTeniB qapn,

crrnpannch

e~HHOI

CTaM6yna

HKHMH BOHa Mana ToroqacHi

Bi~LMy-qapiBHHrriO,

HKa

pi3Hi 6

rrepeKa3n, 3aBono~ina

CyneiiMaHoM. 3ra~aHnil aBcTpiilchKHH rrocon Eyc6eK rrpnBi3 i3 CTaM6yna

3BiCTKY

€Bporry,

IIIO

HOMY

HaBiTh

Ha3HBanH

~BOX

6a6,

HKi

Mann ITOCTaqaTH ~nH cynTaHIIIi rrepe~HIO KiCTOqKy 3 rieHHqOI MOp~H, 6 0, MOBnHB, KiCTOqKa panH

HaBiTh

iiiMo,

~OITOMOrOIO

( lyneifMaHa.

~yMe ~o6pHH ni060BHHH TanicMaH,

eBpeiiKy TpaHrinny -

U:i

3aKnHHaHh

qapo~iiiKy,

ni060BHHX

mo BKyrri 3 HaiTOIB,

BipyBaHHH MOrnH ~HKTyBaTHCh

MHX TypKiB ~o PoKconaHn, HK iHo3eMHOI MiHKH. i yrrann

i Ha3H-

PoKcona-

rrpnqapyBana

yrrepe~MeHHHMH

ca-

3Bi~cn Iii rrpnrrn-

BHHY y 3arn6eni 16pariMa, rrpecTonoHacni~HHKa MycTalj>n.

328

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

3B'513Kll 3 YKPAIHOIO .lf£w/ KHMH 6yJIH 1 A1

3B'H3KH

3 pi)J,HHM

«/

Kpa€M,

PoKcoJiann,

KOJIH

IIpnKaprraTTHM

Bona

6yJia

cy JITanrnero,

YKpalnoro?

He O)J,HH )J,OCJii)J,HHK 3arrnTyBaB ce6e, qn 6yJIH HKich 3B'H3KH

MiM

PoKcoJianoro

3ra)J,yBaJia, Jia IM i

pi)J,HOIO

cTapaJiach BIIJIHHYTH

THCHqaM HeBiJihHHKiB,

Ta TaTapcLKiil

rrpo u;e )J,yMe CKJia)J,HO. MHBaHHH He

.H.

neBoJii?

raJiepHHKiB,

II.

rraM'nTaJia

Bona II,

Kich

mO TOMHJIHCh B Typeu;hKiH

Bipno Bi)J,rroBi)J,a€,

roBopHTH

BnyTpirnniil cBiT, MHTTH PoKcoJiann, II rrepe-

c)>iKcyBaJIHCh

cyqacHHKiB TOmO.

3eMJiero,

na )J,OJIIO cBoix 3eMJIHKiB, )J,OIIOMara-

BoHH

CTOpiHKaX IIHCaHHX )J,MepeJI,

MOrJIH

3HaHTH

JIHIIIe

Micu;e

B OIIHCaX

Ha CTOpiHKaX

II BJiacnnx MeMyapiB qn mo)J,eHHHKiB, aJie Bona lx ne rrncaJia.

3pern-

TOIO, u;e BOHa MOrJia po6HTH )J,yMe KOHCIIipaTHBHO, Ta€MHO Bi)J, cyqacHHKiB. PoKcoJiana 6yJia Bi)J,ipBana Bi)J, pi)J,noro Kparo, )J,OMY

IOHi

pOKH

)J,HTHHH rJIH60KO raJii

Bee,

,UyMa€ThCH,

CBOrO

)J,HTHqi

cBoro 6aTLKiBChKoro

pOKH,

3aJIHIIIaiOThCH Tpa)J,Hllil pi)J,HOrO

)J,opore

mo,

MHTTH.

KOMHoMy,

qnM

napo)J,HBIIIHCh B po)J,HHi

KOJIH

KpaiO,

3B'n3ana

IIaM'HTi

MiCTa i

JIIO)J,ChKa

cBnmeHHKa,

B3a)J,yrna.

PoKcoJiana na-

6yJia TaM qecnoTn, po3yMy il inTeJiirenTnol B)J,aqi, mo rroTiM Iii cTaJio y

rrpnro)J,i. ,I:(apeMHO

6iJihiiie

PoKcoJiaHH

IIIyKaTH YMOBaX

rrpo

rrporrJIHBaJIH

60CHMH HOraMH, rai, Pn)J, )J,OCJii)J,HHKiB

u;e

TO)J,iiiiHiX

cyJITaHChKOro pi)J,Hi

Kpa€BH)J,H

JiiCH, MaTH,

IIHCaHHX )J,MepeJiaX,

)J,Bipu;n.

PoraTnna,

6aThKO,

BncyBaJIH )J,OCHTh

Ma6yTh,

cyci)J,H,

u;iKaBi

KOJIH PoKcoJiana 6yJia MiHKOIO CyJieiiMana

He )J,e

pa3

a B

Bona

THM YHBi

6iraJia

O)J,HOCeJihlli.

rrpnrryrn:ennn,

qac,

(1520-1557), neMa€ )J,annx

rrpo Typeu;LKY 3arpo3y )J,JIH yKpaiHChKHX 3eMeJih, HKi 3HaXO)J,HJIHCH IIi)], rniToM

IIIJIHXeTChKOI

IIocrroJIHTOIO

IIoJILmi.

rri)J,TBep)J,MYIOTh

ChKHM KOpOJieM

Mnpni cyci)J,ChKi

Bi)J,HOCHHH )J,oroBopn

IIopTH cyJITana

3 3

Piqqro rroJih-

1525, 1530, 1533 poKiB. ,I:(iHCHO, Ha qac rrpaBJiiHHH

CYJITaHa CyJieHMaHa He CIIOCTepira€ThCH HKHXOCh arpeCHBHHX HaMipiB IIopTH rrpoTn

IIoJILmi.

3naqno 3MeHIIIHJIHCH XHMallhKi Haiia)J,H TaTapChKHX Op)J, Ha yKpaiHChKi

3eMJii.

€

)J,OCTOBipni

)],ani,

rrocJIH

IIoJILmi

ceiiMi

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

ICTOPM~HMA

AOin'OP

BaprnaBi

r pc.6o8~t1

Bol\OAH.MHp

329

ToM

IlpuKapnammR.

rrpHMO

roBopHJIH,

Ta-

TapcLKi Op~H 3 p03IIOpH~.lKeHHH cyJI-

H<))'ll\

nPO'I'ECCW

TaHa He

xoq 3aXi~

aKTHBi3yBaJIHCH,

HO€BpOIIeHChKi MOHapXH roTyBaJIH aHTHTypeu;hKi JIHCH

KOaJiiu;il,

BTHrHyTH

BeJIHKe TnqHe

HKi

HaMara-

IIoJihmY.

3HaqeHHH

~HIIJIOMa

Mae

JIHcTyBaHHH

CyJieHMaHa

II HIIIHoro i noro .lKiHKH PoKcoJiaHH 3 Ciri3MyH~OM

rroJihChKHM

KopoJieM

ABrycToM.

IIpoTnroM

XVI

cToJiiTTH

JiaB

cBolx

II OJihmY. y

cy JITaH

rrocJiiB

IIOJihChKOrO

Ha~cn

TypeqqnHH

rrocJIH

rro6yBaJIH

CKJia~aJIH

KOpOJIH,

~apn

qBepTi

Tpnqi

Typeu;LKi

cyJITaHa

~pyrol

BeJIH rreperoBopn.

CyqacHHK rroJihChKHH xpoHicT M. E eJihChKHH

06KJtaiJUHKa .POKCOJtaHa

KHU2U B

aemopa

(1993)

icmopii"

3alj>iKcyBaB

IIoJILmi",

mo Op~i

TapcLKiH

cBoln

cyJITaH He

,,UpoHiu;i

HaKa3yBaB Harra~H

qnHHTH

3eMJii rroJihChKOI ~ep.lKaBn. B

TaHa

15 38 pou;i

CyJieHMaH II qepe3 cBolx rrocJiiB 3arrporroHyBaB rroJihChKOMY KopoJieBi rrpn6yTH

Ha CBHTO y

HOrO CTOJIH£110

CTaM6y JI.

BBa.lKaeMo, mo B llhOMY 3HaqHy poJih MorJia Bi~irpaTH PoKcoJiaHa, THM 6iJihiiie, mO BOHa H CaMa IIHCaJia JIHCTH ~0 IIOJihChKOrO KOpOJIH, a

TaKnx

~Ba.

6y JIO

ChKoro

qepe3

BHHBHB

Ciri3MyH~a

KopoJIH

KOpOJiiBChKHH

rroJihChKHH

TpOH

CBOro

PoKCOJiaHa

CJiyry

XacaHa

ABrycTa mHpO

Min

HiCTIO

Y ie,

n O.lKOIO mo BiH

IIOMiqqro

IIOXO~HTh

Bi~

PoKCOJiaHa

Haro~n

IIOBi~OMHJia:

Ary

rrpn6y~e,

rrpe~cTaBHTh

~pyroMy JIHCTi

AcKeH03H

noro

~y.lKe,

KOpOJIH IIOCJiaJIH

mo6 rricJIH Toro, HK

IIOBHiCTIO

Barnin BeJinqHocTi,

,MH

rroJih-

BcTyrry

IIpHBiTaJia IIOJihChKOrO

uamoro cJiyry XacaHa Ary i rrpocnJIH Bac TOMY,

ill.

icTopnK

1896 pou;i. B rreprnoMy JIHCTi 3 1547 poKy

orry6JiiKyBaB y

IIOBipHJIH

BChOMY

TOMY mo BOHO noB-

Hac".

PoKcoJiaHH MicTHJiacn Bi~rroBi~h Ha JIHCT KopoJIH

ocTaHHiH CTBep~.lKY€

rrepe~aB

JIHCTi,

qepe3 mO

cyJITaHChKoro

KOpOJiiBChKe

cJiyry

XacaHa.

IIOCJiaHHH

BqHHHJIO

330 CyJieiiMaHy

,BeJIHKY pa)J,iCTh,

rn:o

MOMe

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWCi

BHCJIOBHTH

BiH cKa3aB,

UJ:O i3 CTapHM KOpOJieM MH 6yJIH, HK )J,Ba 6paTH i, HKUJ:O IIO)J,06a€ThCH BCe6JiaroMy CyJITaHrna

nory,

IIHM

PoKcoJiaHa

KOpOJieM

pa)J,HTh

6y)J,eMO,

KopoJieBi,

rn:o

KOJIH

6aThKO

iloMy

6y)J,y rOBOpHTH )J,eCHTh pa3iB 6iJihiiie )J,JIH )J,06pa i

Barno I

BeJinqHocTi".

BJiyqHo

3arrnTye

.H.

rrpo<J>ecop

II.

TYT

BipHO

)J,HIIJIOMaTHqHi

Bi)J,IIOBi)J,a€, lj>opMyJIH,

UJ:O He

KopncTyBaJiach PoKcoJiaHa: 6JIH3hKiCTh.

MoMe,

u;e

CHH". 6y)J,e

,JI 6y)J,y IIHM o;iKaBH-

Tpe6a )1,0 CYJITaHa, TO UJ:06 3BepHyBCH )1,0 Hei: THCH i

He6y)J,eHHa rrpHH3Hh MilK KopoJieM i

rn:och

Kich:

3Bi)J,KiJIH

B KOpHCTh

B3HJiacn

IIH

PoKcoJiaHoiO, HKe II )J,Mep eJio?

CJIOBa

THX

JIHCTiB

OC06JIHBOCTi

3a HHMH

Typ6oTH

PoKCOJiaHH

cyqacHoro

CTHJIIO,

KpH€ThCH rn:och

rrpo

IIaHyBaHHHM IIIJIHXeTChKOrO KOpOJIH i

pi)J,HY

I He

HKHM

6iJILIIIe, HKach

3eMJIIO,

HKa

6yJia

rri)J,

HaMaraHHH CYJITaHIIIi )J,OIIOMara-

TH Iii pi3HHMH crroco6aMH.

THM

qacoM,

)J,HIIJIOMaTHqHi YKpaiHy,

rroKH

CTeiiOBiH

K03allhKHX

cyJITaH

rreperOBOpH,

Ciqeif,

qacTHHi

HKi

iloro

3HaqHo

cyJITaHrna

3MeHIIIYIOThCH

IIOHH30B'H

JI:Hirrpa

PoKcoJiaHa Be)J,yTh Haiia)J,H 3pOCTa€

40-x poKaX o6'€)J,HYIOThCH B

TaTap

KiJihKiCTh

CJiaBH03BiCHY

3arropi3LKY Ciq, rn:o Bi)J,irpaJia B icTopil yKpaiHChKoro Hapo)J,y BeJIHKY pOJih. qH

3acJiyra

IlhOMY

PoKcoJiaHH

BalKKO cy)J,HTH,

aJie

lj>aKTH

ChKHX

YKpaiHy

Harra)J,iB

CBi)J,qaTh, B

UJ:O

KiJihKiCTh Typeo;hKO-TaTap-

rropiBHHHHi

XIY -XY

cToJiiTTHMH

3MeHIIIHJiaCh, a o;e MaJIO 3HaqeHHH, 60 He IIOIIOBHIOBaJIHCh HeBiJihHHqi pHHKH

TypeqqnHH

BeJIHKHH

6paHKaMH

3HaBellh

YKpaiHH.

icTopil TypeqqnHH

aKa)J,eMiK

KpHMChKHH

aHaJii3i THX icTopnqHnx rreprno)J,MepeJI rrpo PoKcoJiaHy o6'eKTHBHO He JIHIIIe oo;iHIOe II poJih B icTopil TypeqqnHH, rn:o

BOHa,

)J,OMirrnnch

CyJieiiMaHa

aJie )J,eJiiKaTHO rroKa3ye,

rrpoBeCTH

cBoro

rr'nHoro Ha rrpecToJI, rrpnBeJia )J,O 3aHerra)J,y IIopTH, qyBaJia 3arap6HnKaM I

)J,aJii,

MapTHHa

rrocnJiaroqnch

Harra)J,H Ha

npOHhOBChKOro,

rrpau;i

cnHa

CeJiiMa-

qnM Hi6n Bi)J,rrJia-

YKpaiHy. MnxaiiJia

IIOJihChKHX

JlnTBHHa,

reorpalj>iB

ceMnropO)J,IIH

xpoHicTiB

b€Jih-

ChKOro, CepHillhKOro, HiMIIH re6eprnTeiiHa, cep6a ,UMIOp)J,lKeBHqa, HiMliB Eyc6eKa, ,UMop)J,Ma CeH)J,i, A.

KpHMChKHH HaBO)J,HTh 6araTo lj>aK-

TiB, KOJIH yKpaiHChKa 6paHKa, )J,iCTaBIIIHCh )1,0 rapeMy

,3HaqHoro )J,OC-

ImocmpoeaHa TOHHHKa",

icmopi5l qepe3

IlpuKapnammR.

CHJIY

BOJii

xapaKTep

IIpHXHJIHTH )1,0 ce6e iJ,YIIIY CBOrO IIaHa ropy.

331

ToM

JierKO

MOrJia

TiJihKH

qoJIOBiKa, a H B3HTH Ha)J, HHM

MorJia BOHa 3)J,06yTH TaKHM qnHOM BeJIHKHH IIOJiiTHqHHH BIIJIHB.

EAllJJ:A BlliiiHEBEQbKllll I POCCA eMaJioBa.lKHe

3Ha-

qeHHH Ma€ B CBiT Jii HOBHX

MipKyBaHh

iCTOpHKiB pOJih yKpaiHChKOro

KHH3H

BnrnHeBellhKoro,

Horo

,UMHTpa

6opu;n

IBaHOBH-

rrpoTH

aKTHBTypeu;L-

KO-TaTapChKHX HaBaJI B qacH PoKcoJiaHH.

Y )J,OpeBOJIIOlliHHiH BiTqH3HHHiH icTopiorpalj>il Ta rrpaIIHX

IIOJihChKHX

II03HTHBHO

iCTOpHKiB

OlliHIOBaJiaCh

icTopil yKpaiHChKoro

Hapo-

iJ,Y )J,iHJihHicTh ,UMHTpa BnrnHeBellhKoro, 3aCHOBHHKa 3arropi3bKOI Ciqi

Ha XopTnu;i.

Ili3Hiiiie yKpaiHChKHH

iCTO-

pHK B. 0. roJio6yu;hKHH, 3arrepeqyroqn

6y)J,h-HKY

yKpaiHChKHX

poJih

lj>eo)J,aJiiB

lj>opMyBaHHi

K03allhKOI BOJihHHlli,

BHCTy-

HKiH

K03aU,bKUCi .aMumpo (p.

(1957

IIHB i3 CB0€10 rrpau;e10 p.),

CTaHOBJieHHi

Bi)J,KHHYB

pOJih

BnrnHeBellhKoro

rlj>poeM

HapO)J,HOI

Eaii)J,OIO:

iJ,YMH

Hap.

opraHi3au;il

Ciqi i

MOBJIHB,

BuumeeeU,bKUCi

1564).

HeBiiJ.

Ilopmpem

,UMHTpa

i!efflbMaH

(EauiJa)

XVI

em.

OTOTO.lKHeHHH iloro 3

pHCH

rriceHHOro

repoH

Haii)J,H ,6yJIH rnTyqHo rrepeHeceHi Ha oco6y ,UMHTpa BnrnHeBellhKoro, HKHH

CBOIX

)J,iHX

Mir

IIOCTYIIHTHCH

KOpHCJIHBHMH

<J>eo)J,aJia, 3aTHToro Bop ora Hapo)J,HHX Mac, K03aliTBa".

iHTepecaMH

332

BoJtoiJuMup

cBiTJii

,Eaii)J,a

HOBHX )J,OCJii)J,MeHh,

BurnHeBeiJ,hKHii

apryMeHTOBaHo

30KpeMa,

paTHHK

rrpocTeMy€ThCH

cTaTTi

yKpaiHChKOI

II03HTHBHa

poJih

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

CepriiiqyKa

3eMJii",

)J,OCHTh

BurnHeBeiJ,LKoro

opraHi3aiJ,il 3arropi3hKOI Ciqi. EyB

BiH

rroxo)J,MeHHHM

3 !1,pi6Hux yKpaiHChKHX <J>eo)J,aJiiB,

aJie

cTaB O)J,HHM i3 rreprnux opraHi3aTopiB po3rroporneHux K03aiJ,hKHX 3aroHiB y IIpU)J,HiiipOBChKHX CTerrax, IIOCUJieHO aTaKyBaB TypeiJ,hKi lj>opQuM He pa3 rHiBHB caMoro cyJITaHa CyJieiiMaHa II IIurnHoro.

TeiJ,i.

AJie

parrToM

TypeqquHy.

15 53

IJOKU

111,0

po11,i

,UMuTpo

)J,OCJii)J,HUKU

BurnHeBeiJ,hKHii 3MOrJIH

rrpu6yB

BHHBHTH

icTopuqHi

MaTepiaJiu, HKi 6 3'ncyBaJiu o6'€KTHBHi rrpuquHu rroi3)J,KH qepKaChKOro

KaHiBChKoro

rrpurrylll,eHHH,

cTapocTu He

Bi)J,

)J,O

IIopTu.

IIOJihChKOrO

Ilpu

KOpOJIH,

IJ,hOMY HKHH

Harrporny€ThCH OC06UCTO

3HaB

rrpu6yB CIO)J,H ,UMuTpo BurnHeBeiJ,hKHii 3 )J,HIIJIOMaTuqHoiO Mi-

KHH3H, ci€10?

Bipori)J,HO

Te,

rn:o ,UMuTpa

6yJILChKOMY IIaJiaiJ,i )J,06pe. KopoJIH

PoKcoJiaHu?

rrpurryrn:eHHH,

rn:o

BurnHeBeiJ,LKoro

qHH

rrpuiiHHJIH

IJ,e MOrJia 6yTH 3aCJiyra:

lcTopuK

CepriiiqyK BHCYHYB

KoHcTaHTHHorroJii

,UMuTpo

CTaM-

IIOJihChKOrO opuriHaJILHe

BurnHeBeiJ,hKHii

Mir

)J,OMOBUTUCH Bi)J, CBOrO iMeHi, HK CTapOCTU qepKaChKOrO i KaHiBChKOro, rrpo BperyJIIOBaHHH IIpUKOp)J,OHHHX KOHij>JiiKTiB, )J,06UBaBCH Bi)J, rrpaBUTeJiiB

TypeqquHu rrpurruHeHHH

3eMJii.

Ha6iriB KpHMChKOI op)J,u Ha yKpaiHChKi

IJ,hOMY iioMy MorJia rrocrrpuHTH cyJITaHrna PoKcoJiaHa.

IloJILmi

TypeqquHu.

BipuJiu

rn:acJiuBe

rroBepHeHHH

BurnHeBeiJ,LKoro

CrrpaB)J,i, Tpe6a 6yJio 6yTu MYMHhOIO i

HOIO, 111,06 rrpu6yTH )1,0

cMiJIHBOIO JIIO)J,H-

IJopTH, IIpOTU HKOI BiH BHCTyiiaB IIpOTHrOM

1548-1553 poKiB. 13 CTaM6yJihChKHX apxiBiB Bi)J,OMO, 111,0 ,,UMUTpaiiiKa",

BiJihHO

iioro

Ha3UBaJIU

IJopTi,

IIOBepHyBCH

pi)J,HUU

Kpaii

,HK

Burryrn:eHuii".

IIicJIH Toro ,U.

BurnHeBeiJ,hKHii rn:e KiJILKa poKiB 6opoBcH 3 TaTa-

paMu, HaJiarO)J,MyBaB 3B'H3KU 3 Poci€10 i HapeiiiTi, IIi)], qac IIOXO)J,y B MoJI)J,aBiiO

6yB crriiiMaHuii i

qacHuK,

IIOJihChKHH xpoHiCT

HHII,hKY

3aru6eJih:

rro-3BipnqoMy cTpaqeHuii TypKaMu. M.

Cy-

I>€JihChKHH TaK OIIHCY€ iioro Myqe-

,BHIIIHeBeiJ,hKHH

IJ'nceiJ,hKHH

6yJIH

CKHHyTi

6aiiiTH Ha raKU, BMypoBaHi B CTiHH 6iJIH MOpChKOI 3aTOKU ITO )J,Op03i 3 KoHcTaHTHHOIIOJIH B raJiaTy. HeBeiJ,hKHii, 3aqerrHBIIIHCh

II'nceiJ,hKHii rroMep HeraiiHo, a Burn-

pe6poM 3a raK, lKHB y Il,hOMY IIOJIOlKeHHi

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

333

1 TpH

)J,Hi,

B6HJIH rn:o

IIOKH

HOrO

TypKH

3 JiyKiB

JiaHB IXHIO

3a Te,

Bipy".

U:H MY.lKHH CMepTh CXBHJIIOBaJia paiHH. IIIO

Hapo)J,Hi CrriBIJj

Macn

YK-

y3araJihHHJIH

iCTOpHqHy

IIOCTa Th

CJiaBH03BiCHiH

)J,yMi

rrpo

Eai111,y. IloHa)J, 400 poKiB MHHYJIO 3 TOrO

qacy,

HK y

IIpHKaprraTChKOMY

HaiiiOMY MiCTeqKy

PoraTHHi Hapo)J,HJiacn )J,HBOBH.lKHa )J,iBqHHa. ,I(OJIH 3aKHHyJia

peM,

)J,e

cyJITaHChKHH BOHa

CTaJia

ra-

BIIJIH-

BOBOIO i1,py.lKHHOIO CyJieHMaHa II IlniiiHoro i

BIIJIHBaJia

Ha rroJiiTnqHe .lKHTTH OcMaHChKOI IIHTh

iMrrepii

IIOHa)J,

TpH)J,-

poKiB.

3a IleH TpaBa

reH)J,,

rn:o

qac Jiy3i,

BHpOCJIH, 6araTo

oKyTaJIH

HK Jie-

iM'H.

Ilpo )J,paMaTnqHy II )J,OJIIO .lKHTTH

IIHChMeHHHKH

HaiiH-

CaJIH qnMaJIO poMaHiB i )],paM.

A cKiJILKox yKpaiHChKHX )J,iBIlaMRmHUK B

PoKcoJtaHi

ii piiJHoMy Micmi

PocamuHi

qaT Ha3BaHo iMeHeM PoKcoJiaHa! PoKcoJiaHa

y)J,oCTOIJiach

BHCOKOi' qecTi. IIicJIH II cMepTi cyJITaH CyJieiiMaH II IlniiiHHH rro6yiJ,yBaB rpo6HHIIIO, rrpnKpacnBIIIH II po3KiiiiHOIO KaM'HHOIO pi3L6oro.

CTOITh BOHa 11,oci HK rraM' HTh rrpo icTopiro, rrpo MY.lKHIO rrpnKaprraTChKY )J,iBqnHy. M.

24 .lKOBTHH 19 9 9 poKy Ha 6aTLKiBUJ:HHi PoKcoJiaHH y

PoraTHHi Iii BCTaHOBJieHo rraM' HTHHK.

334

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

XTO BOHA YJUIHA 3 POfATllHA?* IIOJIOH TaTapChKHX Op)J,HHIIiB IIOTpaiiJIHJIH IliJii pO)J,HJIH TiJihKH KpaM KYIIIIi MH,

ceJIHH, 3

Miiu;aH,

YKpaiHH

BBalKaJIH

rpix

ChKHMH

HeBiJihHHKaMn. rrepiiii

Toprn

6araTnx

IIIJIHXTnqiB.

u;iHyBaBcH

TOpryBaTH

iTaJiiHChKHX MiCTaX HaBiTh

Bi)J,qeHo

€Bporri

BHCOKO.

BeHeu;il,

HarrpHKJia)J,,

rroJioHeHHMH

YKpaiHH

LKnBHH

ITaJiiilcLKi

XpHCTHHHChKHMH

opraHi30BYIOThCH

HeBiJihHHKa-

HpMapKH yKpaiH-

)J,OKyMeHTaJihHO IIIe

3ac-

1328 pou;i. 3a

qac Bi)J,

1393 110 1491 piK TYT 6yJIO IIpOBe)J,eHO 150 BeJIHKHX MilKHa-

pO)J,HHX

TopriB

rrepeBaMHO

peMMH il BoJIHHi. )1,0

yKpaiHChKHMH

rroJioHeHHMH

IIpaBo6e-

B3araJii HeBiJihHHK KOIIITyBaB y cepe)J,HhOMY Bi)J,

50 )J,yKaTiB (rpoiiii BeJIHKi), aJie yKpaiHChKHX )J,iBqaT IIpO)J,aBaJIH 3a

3HaqHo

rapMoHiiO A<J>pnKy,

6iJILIIIe

TiJia

iJ,yKaTiB.

)J,yxy.

IcrraHiiO,

li)HyBaJIHCH

ITaJiil

IIopTyraJiiiO

Haiiinx HaBiTh

Bce6iqHy

HeBiJihHHKiB

neJihriiO Ta

Och y u;i poKH il rroTparrHJIH B TaTapcLKY HeBOJIIO, IIIO

6araTo

qepKaiiiHHH

xJiorru;iB

)J,iBqaT

Haiiioro

Ilo)J,iJIJIH

Kpacy

3aB03HJIH

roJIJiaH)J,iiO. qyMy-qyMeHH-

BoJIHHi,

KniBIIIHHH,

IIpnKaprraTTH.

Ilpo BeJIHKi IIOJIOHH HaiiiHX JIIO)J,eH MH 6o)J,aH )J,eiiiO 3Ha€MO, IIpHHaHMHi Ha3HBaiOThCH xoqa 6 qncJia THCHq 6paHu;iB, BHBe)J,eHHX i IIOB'H3aHHX CHPHIIeiO IIi)], HaraHMH )1,0

KpHMY

€Bporrn,

6aThKiB, MaHMe

A<J>pnKn,

A3il'.

MaTepiB,

6paTiB,

HiqoriciHhKO,

xi6a

och

CeCTep IIIO

TaM IIpO)J,aHHX

CKJia)J,aJiacn

HK KpaM )J,OJIH

pi3HHX 3eMJIHX -

pa)J,O

qnTa€MO

poMaHH

)J,oqKy poraTHHChKoro CBHIIIeHHKa H acTIO JiicoBChKY CTaJia

pa6HHeiO

Typeu;hKOrO

HeiiiaCJIHBOI )J,OJii )J,iBqaT i

XJIOIIIIiB,

CYJITaHa,

cyJITaHIIIeiO.

IIOTiM

KYIIIIHM

Tncnq MH He H

Haiiinx 3Ha€MO

IIOBiCTi

rrpo

(15 05-15 61), HKa

BOJieiO

IIIaCJIHBOI

KY)J,H Be3JIH )J,eCHTKH Tncnq Haiiinx

3a HKY IliHy IX TaM IIpO)J,aBaJIH, IIIO BOHH po6HJIH HK

pa6H i )J,e CKJia)J,aJIH CBOI 6iJii KOCTi -

MH Hiqoro He 3Ha€MO. A

u;e

cTpaiiiHa KHnra icTopil MYK Haiiioro Hapo)J,y, 6araTopiqHa Tpare)J,iH, HKY xi6a rrepeBepiiiHB roJio)J,oMop

19 33 poKy. To)J,i Haiiinx JIIO)J,eil po36oeM

IIOJIOHHJIH H BHB03HJIH, HK CIIIIIa€ThCH rrpo IIi qacH B )J,yMaX.

YKpaiHChKi

HeBiJihHHKH BBalKaJIHCH 3a )J,06pHX rrpau;iBHHKiB, i HaJielKaJIH )1,0 BeJIHKHX

CTaTTIO rrpo YJIHHY 3 PoraTHHa rri)J,roTyBaB rpnropiil

Hy)J,hra.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

335

ToM

u;iHHOCTeii. AM cTpaiiiHO rrpo u;e roBopHTH -

)J,OCBi)J,qeHHH,

HHH pa6

KBaJiicjJiKOBaHHH, IIOCJIYIII-

qn pa6HHH ...

0ToM 6araTCTBO ii Kpaca iTaJiiilchKHX MiCT

u;e

BeJIHKHX

MHTlliB,

qnx,

HHllh

HaCJii)J,OK

HaiiiHX

ii BKJia)J,aJIH

BHBepiiieHHH

po6iTHHKiB

cepe)J,HhOBiqqg.

6yJIH

rrpau;i

apxiTeKTOpiB,

TiJihKH

6y)J,iBHHTa

IIIO

po6iT-

BOHH

TaM

cBoi CHJIH ii yMiHHH

CIIOpy)J,,

HKHMH

Terrep yce JIIO)J,CTBO -

IIHIIIa€ThCH

MH yMe

3ra)J,yBa-

JIH, a Terrep Ha IIi)J,TBep)J,MeHHH HaBe)J,eMO KiJihKa

)J,OKyMeHTiB.

BeHeu;il

YllRHa

PocamuHa.

XydOJICHUK

!cop

rri)J,

IIIHc)>poM

pircn

3aiiHC

Ka,

HKOMY IIO)J,aHO

HOCTeH,

MiChKOMY

apxiBi

M.C.X.XYI

36e-

BeJIHKOrO MiChKOrO

cepe)],

BJiaCHH-

OIIHC CKap6iB, u;irr-

HHX

HeBiJihHHIIH

,HK

TO)J,i 6y JIO 3aiiHCaHO B )J,OKyMeHTax" (, Y JIHHa 3 PoraqoBa IIOXO)J,MeHHHM yKpaiHKa")

,HeBiJihHHK

Eopncc)>eHi".

3arroBiT

yKpaiHChKOrO

HarrncaHo

ChKHH 6araq 6yB yMe CTapHM i IllaK

IiJ,eH

co6opHoi

IIOXO)J,MeHHH

qepKaC

rrepe)J,aBaB CBOI Ma€TKH )J,iTHM.

YKpaiHH

15 64 poKy, KOJIH BeHeu;iii-

ciqHi

€Bporri

MHHyJioMy.

(nop-

IIapnM,

1923, C. 7-8). HeBi)J,oMo, qn yKpaiHChKi HeBiJihHHKH 6yJIH TO)J,i cTapnMH, qn MOJIO)J,HMH, O)J,HaK JIOriqHo CTBep)J,HTH, IIIO BOHH 6yJIH qacTKOIO icTopil Haiiioro Hapo)J,y rrepiiioi rroJIOBHHH ii He MeHT,

3Haw,

HK y

Bi)J,pa3y

qnTaqiB,

3'HBHJiacn

PoKcoJiaHa, cyJITaHIIIa".

BBaMaiOTh,

B Hac,

XVI

cToJiiTTH.

KOJIH MH rrpoqnTaJIH u;eil )J,OKy,PoraTHH,

HacTH

JiicoBChKa

Mn 3BaMyBaJIH, IIIO rrepiiiHH pa3 PoraTHH 6yB

CIIJIIOH)J,pOBaHHH TypKaMH IcTopHKH

acou;iau;in

cepe)J,HHH

IIIO

15 00 poKy, a 3rO)J,OM KiJihKa pa3iB TaTapaMH. HacTIO

JiicoBChKY

3axorrHJIH

TaTapn

)J,ech

1520 poKy. To)J,i BOHa 6yJia Ille MOJIO)J,eHhKOIO )J,iBqHHKOIO. Y

XVI

cToJiiTTi

MeiiiKaHu;i )J,iBqaTKa,

PoraTHH

3HaJIH O)J,HH i

u;iJIKOM

6yB

O)J,HOro,

MOMJIHBO,

a IIIO

HeBeJIHKHM OTMe

rroceJieHHHM,

3HaJIHCH MiM

H acTIO

JiicoBChKY

Bci

noro

co6010 H )J,iTH, (PoKcoJiaHy)

YJIHHY (rrpi3BHII1a HKOI y BeHeu;iilchKOMY )J,OKyMeHTi He rro)J,aHo) TaTapn 3axorrHJIH B rroJioH B O)J,HH )J,eHh, 3a O)J,HHX o6cTaBHH. XpoHoJioriqHo u;e 36ira€ThCH )J,OCHTh ToqHo.

15 64 pou;i YJinHa 3 PoraTHHa y BeHeu;il'

336

BoJtoiJuMup

MOrJia MaTH

59-6 0 poKiB, IIpH6JIH3HO CTiJihKH, HK i PoKCOJiaHa (IIOMep-

1561 p.). To

Jia

)J,iBqnHH

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

yKpaiHChKoro

MaeMo )J,OKyMeHTaJILHoro )J,OKa3y,

MicTa

PoraTHHa

5 00

MaiiMe

poKiB

HK )J,Bi TOMY,

IIOTpaiiiiBIIIH B IIOJIOH, KOlKHa IIO-CBO€MY IIpOHIIIJia ripKHH IIIJIHX HeBOJii if pa6cTBa.

0)J,Ha Bi)J, HeBoJii if

BJia)J,H Ha)J, CYJITaHOM, a iHIIIa -

apKaHy 11,0

MH 6paH£1HMH KpHBaBy CTelKKY )1,0 BOMY

MicTi

BeHeu;il

CBOIM

ocopyMHoro rapeMy

IIpOTOIITaBIIIH 3 iHIIIHMH O)J,HOKpOBHHKpHMY -

3eMJIHKOM

OIIHHHJIHCH aM y Ka3KO3

qepKac

Ha)J,

,UHirrpoM,

TBopnqn qy)J,o-Kpacy po3yMy, reHiro

TaJiaHTY po6oqnx pyK. qH MH He

Ma€MO rrpaBa Terrep rOBOpHTH, IIIO

B PnMi,

MicTax Haiiioro

Cepe)J,HhOMop'n Hapo)J,y,

MHCTeliTBO

TaJiaHT

Haiiinx

CIIOpy)J,MeHHH

po6oqnx pyK, OTaKi-To

6e3cMepTHi

po6oqnx

KYJihTypHHX

BTiJieHHH MHCTellhKOrO )J,OJii

)],BOX

HeiiiaCHHX

0)J,Ha cTaJia cyJITaHIIIero,

crropy11,n

BeHeu;il, i BKJia)J,eHO

TaJiaHT

pyK.

lliHHOCTeH

u;e

MHCTeliTBO

3aMHCJIY.

rroJIOHHHOK-KpacyHh

a 11,pyra -

B iHIIIHX

pa6nHero.

TaKoro

PoraTHHa.

HeiiiaCHOID

XVI cToJiiTTi.

6yJia )J,OJIH Haiiiol 6araTocTpaM)J,aJihHOI YKpaiHH B

€)l,HAHH51 f AJIIfqAH I HA)l,)l,HIIIP 51HIJ)B

, @ ~~

o~~eBoJieHi Piqq~ IIocrroJI~Toro, raJinqaHH rrepe6yBaJIH ~ rroc-

TIHHOMY eKOHOMiqHoMy 3B H3KY 3 MeiiiKaHIIHMH

HaMHIIIpHH-

IIIHHH. U:H €)J,HiCTh CHrae CBOIMH KOpeHHMH )J,ylKe )J,aBHiX qaciB

XVI -

HCKpaBo rrpoHBJIHJiacn y

XVII cToJiiTh. To

rrepiiiiil rroJIOBHHi

6yB 3aKOHOMipHHH pe3yJihTaT iCTOpHqHoro p03BHTKY CXi)J,HOeKoHoMiqHiil i

3aXi)J,HO-

yKpaiHChKHX 3eMeJih.

rroJiiTnqHiil e)J,HOCTi 3 HaMHirr-

pHHChKHMH 6paTaMH

6yJia 3arropyKa ycrrixy raJinqaH y 6opoTL6i rrpoTH

cou;iaJILHoro i Hau;ioHaJILHoro rHiTy, IIIO oco6JIHBO rrocnJIHBCH B rrepio11, p03BHTKY lj>eo)J,aJihHO-KpirrocHHllhKOI CHCTeMH BaMJIHBHM

lj>aKTopoM

3axi)J,HoyKpaiHchKHX

3eMeJih

3Miu;HeHHi 6yJia

Ha YKpaiHi.

eKoHoMiqHol e)J,HOCTi

rrpnKaprraTChKa

ciJih.

HaiiioMy Kpal' BHHHKJIH Ille 3a qaciB KniBChKOI Pyci i ChKoro KHH3iBCTBa.

cxi)J,H0-

CoJieBapHi

illinu;LKo-BoJIHH-

IIpnKaprraTTH rrocTaqaJio ciJih Bciil KIII'BchKiil Pyci.

U:e BH)J,HO xoq 6n 3 TOro, IIIO KOJIH B

1096 pou;i y 3B'H3KY 3 KHH3iBChKH-

MH MiMyco6nu;HMH raJIHllhKa ciJih He rrocTyrraJia Ha Ha)J,)J,HirrpHHIIIHHY, TO B

KneBo-IleqepchKOMY

rraTepiiKY 6y JIO 3arrncaHo:

,He 6ncTh coJii no

lfllocmpoeaHa

icmopiR

IIpuKapnammR.

337

ToM

Bciil PycLKiil 3eMJii".

A rn:o npnKapnaTChKa ciJih

BeJIHKHMH

- - BH)J,HO 3 TOro,

BaJIKaMH,

UJ:O,

p03B03HJiaCH no Hill

3a )J,aHHMH JiiTOnHCIIH, B

1164 pou;i 6iJIH raJinqa ni)J, qac naBO)J,Ka Ha ,I(HicTpi 3arnHyJio noHa)J, 300 qoJioBiK, HKi HIIIJIH 3 ciJIJIIO i3 YiJ,eqa, To6To i3 Xn)J,aqeBa. B

nepio)J,

)J,aBaJia

raJIHllhKO- BoJIHHChKoro

BeJIHKi

3anncaHo,

npn6yTKH

rn:o

KHH3h

6onpaM

,UaHHJIO

KHH3iBCTBa KHH3HM.

PoMaHoBnq

ciJih ,3aTpnMaTn" )J,JIH KHH.lKoro )J,Bopy.

KOJIOMHHChKa JiiTonnci

HaKa3yBaB

ciJih

KHH3iBCTBa

KOJIOMHHCLKY

IIpoTnroM XIY-XYII cToJiiTh

COJIHHi npOMHCJIH p03BHBaJIHCH B qoTHphOX OCHOBHHX u;eHTpax IlpHKapnaTTH: 6iprn:nHi.

KoJIOMHHUJ:HHi i

CoJieBapHi

IIIJIHXTH

a6o

po6HHIITBO

6yJIH

B ,UoJIHHi, Ha ,Uporo6nqqnHi Ta CaM-

nepe6yBaJIH

KOpOJiiBChKHMH

BHBi3

COJii

nepeBa.lKHO i

npnBaTHHX

pyKax

npHHOCHJIH BeJIHKi )J,OXO)J,H.

npo)J,a.lK

ljleo)J,aJIH

BH-

nepeKJia)J,aJIH

OCHOBHOMY Ha CnHHY CeJIHH. CJioBoM, Peqi

Bnpo6JieHa Ha IIpnKapnaTTi ciJih po3XO)J,HJiacn HK no Bciil

IIocnoJIHTiil,

TaK

po3B03HJiacn

Ha)J,)J,HinpHHChKiil

YKpaiHi.

<l>paHIIY3 II' ep illeBaJih€ y KHH3i ,ICTOpiH BiHHH K03aKiB npOTH IlOJihUJ:i" nncaB, UJ:O .lKHTeJii YKpaiHH OTpHMYIOTh CiJih, KpiM COJIHHHX IIIaXT BeJinqKn,

TaKo.lK

Me.lKye

TpaHciJILBaHieiO

IloKyTTH

COJIHHY

BO)J,y".

,O)J,Hi€I 3

PeaJii3au;ieiO

nOJihChKHX

M OJI)J,aBieiO

)J,e

npHKapnaTChKOI

o6JiaCTeH,

HKa

KpHHHllh

Ma€

6iJihiiie

COJii

3aHMaJIHCh

qyMaKH.

Ilpo HHX MH MaeMo Bi)J,oMocTi B.lKe 3 XVI cToJiiTTH. Y Haiiinx Kpanx lx Ha3HBaJIH B

,npaCOJiaMH", u;eil TepMiH 6yB oljliu;iHHO nOIIIHpeHHH TyT.

KiHu;i XVI

cToJiiTTH B Tepe6oBJIHHChKHX MiChKHX aKTax 3Haxo-

)J,HMO nepeJiiK npi3BHUJ: npacoJiiB ChKiil

KHH3i

ni)J,

15 91

pOKOM

qyMaKiB 3 BHHBJieHO

KoJIOMHHUJ:HHH.

lliKaBe

rpo)J,-

nocBi)J,qeHHH

)],BOX

npacoJiiB, HKe IM BH)J,aJIH B KoJIOMHI )J,JIH BiJihHOro nepeB03Y COJii Ha YKpaiHy.

6yJIH

KBiToB

IlaBJIO

ceJia

I IaBJIOBe nocBi)J,qeHHH 6yJio TaKoro 3MicTy: no6opu;a

raJIHllhKHH

KJIIOqeBa

3anJiaTHB

KOJIOMHHChKHH, B

piqHHH

no6op

KJIIOqiB ,illn6op

3aCBi)J,qyeMO,

iloro

u;Loro

noBiTy.

BaciqnHChKHil, UJ:O

KOpOJiiBChKiH

IlaBJIO

MHJIOCTi

3 3a

HpaCOJihCTBO Bi)J, 4 B03iB, BCiJIHKOI KynH 3ri)J,HO YXBaJIH BapiiiaBChKOro ceiiMy, HKHH He)J,aBHO Bi)J,6yBCH. THM KBiTOM iloro (IlaBJia) CMO

BiJihHHM po6HMO,

KoJIOMHI 21 IaKi

TpaBHH

nocBi)J,qeHHH

11 KO Myc b KBiTOBi

UJ:06

Hi)J,e He

6yJIO 3aTpHMaHHH.

KBiTy-

IlncaHO B

1591 p. MnxaiiJio CJiaBiHChKHil". a6o

nepenyCTKH

6yB

3 KJIIOqeBa Ha 8 B03iB.

BH)J,aHi

15 91

pou;i

rn:e

3 TeKcTy nocBi)J,qeHHH BH)J,HO,

338

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

UJ:O 6iJihiii 3aMOMHi CeJIHHH BHB03HJIH ciJih 4-8 qyMallhKHMH B03aMH. 3a rrpaBO

rrepeB03Y

llhOrO

TOBapy

BapiiiaBChKoro ceiiMy rreBHHH -

rrpacoJIH.

BOHH

IIJiaTHJIH

rro)J,aToK.

3ri)J,HO

U:e 6yJIH

IIOCTaHOBOIO

cJ>axoBi

coJieToproBu;i

U:nM 3aiiMaJincn qyMaKH if 3 iHIIIHX MicT Ta ciJI IloKyTTH:

KoJioMni', ,UeJIHTHHa, KocoBa 3a6oJioToBa, PoMHeBa,

Mniiinna, KocMa-

qa, illeiiiop, MapKoBoi, CoJIOTBHHo, PociJILHol. 0)J,Hi 3 nnx, rrepeBaMHO ryu;yJIH

KocMaqa

illeiiiop,

rryHKTH IIpnKaprraTTH i

po3B03HJIH

TOIIKOBY

Ilo)J,iJIJIH, iniiii B03aMH -

ciJih

naceJieni

rn:e )J,aJii na YKpainy.

IIpacoJIH KoJIOMHHChKoro cTapocTBa BHB03HJIH ciJih na cxi)J, Bi)J,oMHMH cTapoBHHHHMH IIIJIHXaMn. LKnTeJii KoJIOMHI i II OKOJIHllh rn:e na rroqaTKY XVII cToJiiTTH rroKa3yBaJIH 3 MicTa na cLKiil

cxi)J,,

MiM ceJiaMH

YKpaini Bcix,

,KoJIOMHHIIHMn". XVII-XVIII Ha3BH

MiCTa

u;eHTpOM CiJIL,

OcTaHHH

Ha)J,

Ha3Ba

6y Jia

)J,aBHiX

IIOKYTChKOIO

(6annx),

KOpOJiiBChKHMH

Ha3HBaJIH

IIInpoKo

Ha)J,)J,Hirrpnn-

,coJIHHHKaMn"

po3IIOBCIO)J,Mena

6iJihiiiOCTi

IIpHBiJieHMH,

qaciB

BOHO

HCHa piq, Bi)J,

6y JIO

BaMJIHBHM

ciJIJIIO.

3aroTOBJiena B KopoJiiBChKHX i

Bapnnx

II'n)J,HKH.

ciJIJIIO,

Ha3Ba ,KOJIOMHHlli" IIOXO)J,HTh,

IlpyTOM.

TOpriBJii

U:ennBa i

rn:o TopryBaJIH

cToJiiTTnx.

,ciJihHHH rocTnneu;L", HKHH iiiioB

rrpnBaTHHX IIIJIHXeTChKHX coJie-

)J,OCTaBJIHJiach

BOHa

BBaMaJiaCH

caMe

)J,O

OCHOBHHM

KoJioMnl. CKJia)J,OM

3a TOrO

TOBapy. 3a OIIHCOM JIIOCTpaTopa 15 68 poKy, )J,epMaBHi ypH)J,OBlli (rro6oplli)

36HpaJIH TYT MHTO.

MOrJIH o6MHHaTH IIIHX

JIH

KoJIOMHI,

TOproBeJihHHX

ripChKHX ciJI: ciJih

CoJieToprOBlli, He3aJieMHO Bi)J, IIOXO)J,MeHHH, He MyciJIH

IIpHIIHciB.

IIJiaTHTH

CIO)J,H

MHTO, )J,OTpHMyBaTHCH iH-

rrpn6yBaJIH

ciJIJIIO

CeJIHHH

3aiiJiaTHBIIIH Bi)J,IIOBi)J,He MHTO, BOHH IIpO)J,aBaJIH a6 0 MiHH-

na xJii6.

Kyrreu;LKi BaJIKH

CIO)J,H "' rrpoTnroM

XV -XVIII

3 yci€I 3axi)J,HOI YKpaiHH Ta

cToJiiTh

3'IM)J,MaJincn

Ha)J,)J,Hirrpnnrn:nnn.

InTeHCHBHHH BHBh rrpnKaprraTChKOI coJii na HaMHirrpnnrn:nny crrpnnB eKOHOMiqniif

€)J,HOCTi

CIIiJIKyBaHHH

Ha)J,)J,HiiipHHlliB

pi3nnx

3aXi)J,HHX

B3a€M03B'H3KiB

3 BHHHKHeHHHM raiOThCH 3axi)J,HOIO

MiM

CXi)J,HOyKpaiHChKHX

raJinqanaMH

o6oMa

)J,aBaJIO

BiTKaMH

YKpaiHOIO.

3B'H3KH

Ko3aKn,

HH30BHX

KOTpi

IIIHpOKe

yKpaiHChKoro

3arropi3LKOI Ciqi B XVI-XVII

eKoHoMiqni

3eMeJih.

cToJiiTTnx

pe€CTpOBHX

IIOJie )J,JIH napo)J,y.

6yJIH

PoraTnna,

BaMJIHBHMH

crrocTepiK03aKiB

3aiiMaJincn )J,OMaiiiHiMH rrpoMnc-

JiaMH i TOpriBJieiO, rrpn6yBaJIH 3i CBOIMH TOBapaMH )1,0 JlbBOBa, qa, ,Uporo6nqa,

qaCTe

raJIH-

KoJIOMHI Ta iHIIIHX Micu;L, HKi na Toil qac

ToproBeJihHHMH

u;enTpaMn.

Ko3allhKi

Kyrru;i

TaKoM

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi51

IlpuKapnammR.

3aKyrroByBann ~porofinrrhKy, ~onnHChKY

CyfioTOBi,

MaB

ITOKYTChKY cinh Ta BnB03n-

CaM Eor~arr XMenLHnrrLKnil, MaeToK HKoro

nn II rra BennKy YKpairry. fiyB

339

ToM

TOproBenhHi

3B'H3Kn

TnMirn rrepe~ rrapo~rro-Bn3BOnhHOIO Biilrroro ~.lKaB

IloKyTTHM,

iforo

CnH

( 164 8- 16 54 pp.) rrpni.lK-

KonoMni ,3a cinnro".

Ta MOBa rre

TinLKn rrpo

cinh.

KonoMni,

Jl3niBrri, JlLBOBi Ta B

iHIIInX MiCrrHX y neil qac Ha HpMapKaX MO.lKHa fiy no 3YCTpiTn K03arrhKnX KYITrriB, mo TopryBann pn6oro, xporrirri rri~

Bnq y ChKoro

ceKpeTapn

Ilorroqqi,

C BOnaMn,

ToproBenhHi HOIO

mo,

3a cnoBaMn KoponiB-

,3arropo.lKrrn B03nnn

rryro pn6y ,Ma.lKaMn" ~a.lKe BO JlLBOB, BMeCTe

A. IleTpyrne-

36i.lK.lKHM, KiHLMn.

1640 poKoM 3arrncaB,

BHnerryro if

cone-

KonoMnro, rrpo~aBann ee TaM

CaMn B03Bpamannch ~OMOH Ha O~HOKOHKe".

3B'H3Kn

Mi.lK

Ha~~HirrpHHChKOIO

aKTnBi3yBanncn rrarrpnKirrrri XVI

cToniTTH.

YKpaiHOIO i

rannqn-

3a cBi~qerrHHM MnT-

rrnx ypn~oBrriB i Koponn, 6araTo KYITrriB 3 BonnrrcLKoro, KniBChKoro nparrnaBChKOrO

BO€BO~CTB

B03nnn

rrpo~a.lK

Haiiii

Kpai pi3Hi

TOBapn, IX rrepecni~yBann Ha MnTHnX CTaHrriHX B PychKOMY BO€BO~ CTBi.

Bonn .lK HaMaranncH ofiMnHaTn MnTHnrri,

y MnTHOI a~MirricTparril. Teni

MnTHnrrh

rra

Bonnrri,

~orroMororo ~o Koponn.

naBChKnx

Ilepecni~yroqn

qnM BnKnnKann niOTh

yKpaiHChKnx KYITrriB, yrrpaBn-

EparrnaBmnrri

KniBmnrri

3BepTanncn

TaK, rra cKapry ~ep.lKaBrrH BonnrrcLKnx, Eparr-

KniBChKnx

MnTHnrrh

CTarricnaBa

Cy<J>parrKa

Koponh

oKpeMoMy yrriBepcani Bi~ 15.VIII. 1595 poKy rraKa3yBaB IIepeMniiinhchKOMY cTapocTi RKoBi ,UporoiloBChKOMY ~orroMorTn ~ep.lKaBrrHM BnHBnHTn

rropyiiiHnKiB

MnTHnX KBiTiB"

MnTHOI

cncTeMn,

~orrycKaTn

yKpaiHChKnX

Ha rrepeMniiinhChKi

Cepe~ KYITrriB 3 YKpairrn 3YCTpiqaeMo

apncT

rpa6oBChKnH

3apo6iTKOM" Kpyrroro,

JlbBOBi,

cyrnerroro

rrnrne

rrpo~aBaTn

rrncaB,

rannqi

rr.

,Pn6y

rrpo~aBann

BennKi

TOpryBann

BonaMn,

JlLBOBa,

3BnKnn

IIITYKY

Mann

Bonn,

BennKnM

Be3nn

K03aKiB-KYITrriB,

MeMy-

rannrrhKi KYITrri-rrpaconn CITerriani3yBanncH B TOpriBni i3 K03aKaMn. cnoBaMn A.

TaM

YKpaiHn

rra

KOHi

3n.

,6e3

KyrrnBrnn KonncKy,

O~HOMY

3a 4

rrpo

K03aKiB-qyMaKiB.

KYITrri

KonoMni

pn6o10

rpa6oBChKnH

liTO

KYITrriB

HpMapKn.

BepTann ~O~OMy".

rpa6oBChKoro, 3apo6iTKn,

,Konn 6ynn crroKiilrri qacn", rannrrLKi Kyrrrri

B03Hqn

K03aKiB

cinh,

rrna! nnn B ce6e rra coneBaprri 7-8 rporniB, a B K03aKiB

o~rry

fioqKy

rrpo~aBann II 3a

340

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

niBTOpa 3JIOTOrO. qyMallhKHH Bh COJii a6o MaMy, HK if oro TO)J,i Ha3HBaJIH, MOrJIH THrHyTH qoTHpH BOJIH i npo)J,aBaJIH HOrO 6iJihiii HK 3a 200 3JIOTHX. ToproBeJILHa apTepin, HKa no€)J,HyBaJia IIpnKapnaTTH 3 HaMHinpnrrIIIHHOIO,

cnpnnJia,

6e3nepeqrro,

rre JIHIIIe eKorroMiqrroMy,

TnqrroMy Ta KYJILTyprroMy

3B'H3KaM

wqn

3 CBOIMH

TOBapaMH

3anopi3LKi K03aKH B

CBOIO

qepry

nepe6yBaHHH HOBHHaMH JiaX

npnrrocnJIH

npnKapnaTChKi

HiH

TaKOM

B raJIHllhKHH

)J,i3HaBaJIHCH

IIpnKapnaTTH

npo

K03aKiB,

Kpail

6araTO

HaCeJieHHH, iKorrn

TO)J,iiiirrix i1,pyKaperrh JlLBOBa Ta Ta

3eMeJih.

Ha)J,)J,HinpHHChKi

BicTi ni)J,

npo

CeJIHHH

3 YKpaiHH. qac

IIIO,

cBoro

IIHMH

p03B03HJIH TaKOM no

u;epKOBHi

OcTpora,

ycniiiirri

IIpniM)J,Ma-

MiillaHH,

coJieToproBu;i-npacoJIH

3HaHOMHJIH Micu;eBe

MicTax

yKpaiHChKHX

ciJIJIIO,

aJie if noJii-

KHHrn

KnEBa,

noxo)J,H

ce-

roJIOBHHX

lloqa€Ba.

npoTH

TaTapo-Typeu;LKHX

3arap6rrnKiB 3axi)J,rroyKpaiHChKe rraceJieHHH )J,OBi)J,yBaJiocn rreranrro. HoBHHH

YKpaiHH

ciJIJIIO. My,

noBi)J,OMJIHJIH

npo TypKiB i M

npHB03HJIH

raJIHllhKi

npoBiHu;iifHi 3BiCTKH

npo

TaTap.

MarHaTH

)J,iHJihHiCTh

pOCTOM

nocTaHOBH

npo

reTbMaHChKi

HKIIIO

u;e

K03a£1TBa

npo

yHiBepcaJIH,

cepe)],

K03aKiB

3anopOMlliB,

3BiCTKH

npo

KJiacy

TopryBaJIH

cou;iaJILHe i

cTynoBo

CTaBaJIO po6HJIO

BiJihHHX,

MYMHiX i

Ha)J,iiO

TiJihKH

nOBCTaHh raJIHllhKOI

CBaBOJii",

KOpOJiiBChKi oroJio-

TaKOM

3eMeJih cepe)],

CJiaBHHX

3ra)J,KH

npOCTHX

3anopOMlliB

BH3BOJieHHH

3-ni)J,

36y-

BaMKOrO

XVI cToJiiTTi 3apo)J,MyBaJiacn

Ha)J,)J,HinpHHIIHMH

3HaqHHH

IIHM,

illJIHXTa

rrriTy.

npanopOM

onopy y BCiX noBiTax, 3eMJIHX.

MYMHiCTh,

BoJI3hKoro BO€BO)J,CTB.

HeraTHBHO,

rrau;iorraJILHe BH3BOJieHHH.

BOrHHille

,K03allhKOI

npOTH K03aKiB,

Cepe)], raJIHllhKoro rraceJieHHH BMe B €)J,HiCTh

3araJihHO)J,epMaBHi

3aXi)J,HOyKpaiHChKHX

TiJihKH

BCeJIHJIH

cou;iaJihHO-eKorroMiqrroro

npo

CHJIY

H apeiiiTi

MicTax PycLKoro i

naHiBHOrO

pa)J,iCTh,

nOBCIO)J,H.

HanpaBJieHi

cnpHHMaJIHCH

yKpaiHlliB

npHHMaJIH

BTHXOMHpeHHH

nOIIIHpiOBaJIHCH

)J,MyBaJIH

MpiH

IIIO

IIpocToMy rrapo)J,oBi 6yJio u;e )J,O )J,yiiii.

IIIyBaJincn no Bcix ceJiax

npo

qyMaKn-npacoJin,

Bonn "' 6o 3YCTpiqaJincn 3 K03aKaMH i, noBeprryBIIIHCh )J,O)J,O-

CHMBOJIOM

BnJIHB

3eMJIHX i a

cniJihHY

6opOTh6y

CBO€

Ha)J,)J,HinpnrrcLKe K03a£1TBO noBH3BOJieHHH,

ni)J,HeCeHHH

3anopi3bKe

aHTHc)>eo)J,aJihHOrO

BO€BO)J,CTBaX Ha 3aXi)J,HOyKpaiHChKHX

caMe

BnJIHBOM

ceJIHHChKO-K03allhKHX

MOMHa nOHCHHTH nOCHJieHHH 6opOTh6H B MiCTaX i CeJiaX 3eMJii

XVI -

nepiiiiH

noJIOBHHi

XVII CTOJiiTh.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

341

ToM

KYJibTYPA fAJillQbKOI 3EMJII iCJHI

Ifll

L[J

OKyrraJJ,ii

ocBiTHiM

*---•">

pyx

IIOJihChKOIO rra

IIIJIHXTOIO

3eMJIHX

raJiuqurru

rrpo)J,OB.lKyBaB

CBOI

)J,aBHi Tpa)J,HJJ,il. llpuKaprraTJJ,i lllaHyBaJIU CBOIO MOBy, rro6yT,

icTopuqrri Tpa)J,HIIii Ta ycrry rrapo)J,rry TBopqicTh.

XIV -

rrux )J,.lKepeJI, rn:e B i1,pyriM rroJioBurri IIOJihChKi

KYJihTypHO-

36epiraTu

rrpaBUTeJii

CBOI )J,OKyMeHTH

HK BH)J,HO 3 Toroqac-

rra rroqaTKY

B HaiiiOMY KpaiO

XV cToJiiTh

IIUCaJIU yKpa-

IHChKOIO MOBOIO. ,Uo HaC )J,iMIIIJIU JJ,iKaBi rraM'HTKH

raJIUII,hKOrO IIHChMeHCTBa, 30Kpe-

Ma KpuJIOChKe (1444 p.) i raJIUII,hKe (1568 p.) €BarrreJiiH, rn:o 6yJiu Ha TOM

qac

Ba.lKJIHBHMU

rruceMHUMU

rraM'HTKaMU.

raJIUII,hKe

€BarrreJii€

rreperrucaB )J,UHKOH loan rrpu JJ,epKBi MuKOJiaH B raJiuqi, a KYIIHB Moro 3a

7 3JIOTUX

IIO.lKepTByBaB

pa)J,HHK raJIHIIhKHM",

rrpo rn:o

,KOH)J,paT

rpe6iHHHKOBUq,

rrara)J,y€ JJ,eM )J,OBrHM rrarruc. MHCTeJJ,hKH BHKOHaHO i

MiiTJ:aHUH Bono 6yJio

OKyTe

cpi6JIOM

II030JIOqerre, ITJ:O CBi)J,qUJIO TaKO.lK rrpo

IOBeJiiprry

po6oTy

HeBi)J,OMOrO

30JIOTUX

crrpaB MaMcTpa. 3aB)J,HKH aKTHBHiM )J,iHJihHOCTi yKpaiHChKHX

6paTCTB,

JIHIOThCH

llpuKaprraTTi IIOHB-

HaJJ,iOHaJihHi

PoraTurri,

IIIKOJIU

TucMerruJJ,i,

raJiuqi,

KoJIOMHI i

Crrn-

Turri. B OCHOBHOMY BOHU )J,iHJIU rrpu JJ,epKOBHHX

6paTCTBaX.

Bi)J,qerri 6aKaJiaBpu, MyBaJiu,

Ha TOM

HHX

qac,

TOBHY OCBiTy 3 IIHChMa, TOpUKU IIpu TaKO.lK

YKpafHCbKUCi comyembc5l B

cmydeHm do

3aH5lmb

cepedHbOBilfHOMY

yHiBepcumemi Ipae10pa

eeponu. XVI em.

CIIiBy,

BqUJIU )J,OC-

yqrri-crry)J,ei oTpu)J,OCHTh

rpyrr-

qucJieHHH,

pu-

CIIiBiB.

JJ,epKBax no )J,eHKHX BqUJIU

rpyrrKH

)],iTeM

ceJiax )J,HKH JJ,epKOBHOrO

quTaHHH CBHTOrO IIHChMa, qucJia

lj>a)J,HIIiMrrux o6pn)J,iB.

EaraTo BHXi)J,IIiB 3

IIpuKaprraTTH rrpo)J,OB.lKyBaJiu rraBqarrrrn B yrriBepcuTeTax

€Bporru

XIV -XVIII cTo-

JiiTh. Ha iJ,YMKY JiiTepaTypo3HaBJJ,H rpuro-

342

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

pin Hy)J,hrH, TiJihKH 3 raJIHqa BqHJIOCH B pi3HHX yiDBepCHTeTaX IIOHa)J, 200 CTY)J,eHTiB. Y

)J,lKepeJiax 3Ha-

XO)J,HMO 3BicTKy, rn:o B KpaKiBChKOMY MY

JlreJIJIOHChKO-

yHiBepcnTeTi

pouj

HaBqaBCH

1424

rrepiiiHH

CTy)J,eHT 3 raJIHqa, a B 1496 pouj -

iHIIIHH CTy)J,eHT 3

KoJIOMHI. 3 peecTpy KpaKiBChKOro

.HreJIJIOHChKoro

BepCHTeTy

yHi-

)J,OBi)J,y€MOCH,

rn:o TYT B 14 34 pouj HaBqaBCH

,pyCHH"

Ilpoi}Jecop

raJinqa Ha rrpi3Bnrn:e

cTy)J,eHTaMH IBaHaMH. cnTeTax

3axi)J,HOI

IBaHoBi BqHTHCH 3

IlaiJyaHCbKO<o yHieepcumemy.

cmyiJeHmaM

Fpae10pa 1582 p.

KarrycTa.

He )J,HBHo,

€Bporrn

caM

1573 pou;i BqHBCH iHIIIHH CTy)J,eHT

li)KaBo,

rn:o yKpaiHIIiB

PoraTHHeu;L,

MaJieHhKHM

Ta rn:e

CKJiaJIH

rrpncJiiB'n,

HKHH

iHIIIHMH

pa3oM cTaB

IBaHoM

Cepe)], HHX -

KpacoBChKHM,

3aCHOBHHKOM

rreprnoro

JiechKOM

YKpaiHi

Ili)J, BIIJIHBOM IOpin PoraTHHIIH opraHi3au;iiiHo

o<J>opMHJIOCH yKpaiHChKe 6paTCTBO i

B PoraTHHi, a )J,ern:o rri3Hirne, B

B ropo)J,eHu;i H noJieXOBi.

IOpiil PoraTHHellh -

Ha 3 BeJIHKHM rraTpioTnqHnM rroqyTTHM )J,O )J,iHJihHiCTIO

rn:o

qopT )J,OIIOMarae.

JlLBiBChKoro 6paTCTBa.

1591 pou;i, -

3arrncyBaJIH

rn:o BCIO Hau;iro Ha3HBaJIH B yHiBep-

IBaHaMH

PoraTHHa BHHIIIOB pH)J, BH)J,aTHHX )J,inqiB KYJILTypn.

IOpiil

HOIO

JteKU,iiO

(yKpai-

Hellh) 3 raJinqa IBaH IBaHOBHq, a B 3

lfumae

KOHCOJii)J,yBaB

YKpaiHH -

yKpaiHChKY

rpoMa)J,y

JIIO)J,H-

cBoero aKTHBJlbBOBa.

IliiJnucu

cmapUJUH

JlbBiBCbKO<o leaH a

IBaH

6pamcmea

KpacoBCbKO<o

rna AHiJpi5l EiJtiJa<u,

RKUMu npau,10eae IOpiu Po<amuHeU,b, ypoiJJICeHeU,b M.

Po<amuHa

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

Joe

KH5l2UHUl{bKUU ma

niiJ

IlpuKapnammR.

'iac

leaH

3ycmpi'ii

3acHoeHUK

BuUJeHCbKUU e

343

ToM

CKumy

yKpafHCbKUU

noJteMicm

XyiJoJ~CHUK

1605 p.

KH5l2UHUHi,

MaH5leCbK020

I2op .aepKa'i

<l>paHKO IIpHIIHCY€ HOMY aBTOpCTBO TBopy ,IlepecTopora" (1605 p.), rrarrncarroro rri11, BIIJIHBOM rrpau;h IBarra Bnrn errcLKoro Ta irrrnnx rroJieMiqrrnx

TBOpiB

TOrO

qacy.

cepe)], yKpalrru;iB JlLBOBa. MaiOTh

PoraTHHIIH

XV -

Birr

3aBOIOBaB

co6i

BeJIHKHH

aBTOpHTeT

Boporn BH3HaBaJin, mo ,pycnrrn (yKpalrru;i)

3a rraTpiapxa".

rreprniil

rroJIOBHHi

XVII

cToJiiTh

Ba.lKJIHBHM

KYJILTYPHHM

u;errTpOM, KpiM raJinqa, KoJIOMHI, CHHTHHa i PoraTHHa, 6yJia TncMeHHIIH.

rriil rrpau;roBaJia yKpalrrcLKa IIIKOJia.

HHllhKHH Kiii

3acrroBHHK CKHTY MarrHBChKoro.

AKa)J,eMii

i1,pyroM

TyT rrapo)J,HBCH loB Krrnrn-

6yB

CTaB

BH3HaqHHM

Birr BqnBcH B 0cTp03h-

yKpaiHChKHM

BH)J,aTHHH TOroqacHHH

yKpaiHChKHH

IIpOCBiTHTeJieM,

HOrO

IIHChMeHHHK-IIOJieMiCT

IBaH BnrnerrchKHH, HKHH y 1605-1607 poKax rro6yBaB rra IIpnKaprraTTi, a Toqrrirne 3arrpOCHB

B TncMerrnu;i,

HOrO

CIO)J,H

loB

Krrnrnrrnrri,

YToprrnKax, mo 6iJIH 0Tnrril.

KHHrHHHllhKHH,

A<J>orrchKOI ropn, crriJIKyBaJIHCH TyT.

BOHH,

)J,Ba

CTapu;i

IIpaB)J,OIIO)J,i6rro, mo BnrnerrchKHH

rropeKoMeH)J,yBaB KrrnrHHHllhKOMY 3acrryBaTH CKHTCLKY o6nTeJih y MaHHBi.

344

Bo;zoiJuMup

HapiBHi u;eHTpaMH -

cJiaBH03BicHHMH

po3BHTKY

BHHHKaiOTh

naTTi:

TaKi

o6'e)J,HaHHH,

(1591),

PoraTHHi

cnpo6aM lliJIHXTH HaCHJihHO CTBa

KOHCOJii)J,yBaJIH

niJihHO-nOJiiTHqHy ByBaJIH yqHiB

lliKOJIH, 3a

6paTCTBa,

CTaHOBHX

nOJIOHi3au;il',

TaKOlK

6paTCTB,

HKi

npaBOM

CTaBponiril

cyc-

opraHi30-

nOCHJiaJIH

KpamHX

iloro

KOJieKTHBHHM

cTaTyToM.

MimaH,

BOHH

qJieHoM

BncTynaroqn

6opOJIHCH

JILBiBChKOHa

npOTH

3axncT 3aCHJIJIH

cnpaBH

He-

ie-

npOTH

BJia)J,HK.

6p a TqHKH,

1587 3

cBol

6paTCTB

BHCTynaJIH

Ij>JiiKTi

KOpHCHY

BOHH

npOTH

Bi)J,CTOIOBaJio

BOCJiaBHHX ChKi

npOTHBary

KOpHCTyBaJIHCH

,UeHKi

BlKe B

KneBi

PoraTHHi yKpaiHChKe

HaceJieHHH

BiTh

llpHKap-

3aB)J,HKH 6paTCTBaM B i

npaBa.

qepry i

HaCeJieHHH 6paT-

npOBO)J,HJIH

neprny

i1,pyKapCTBa

BBaMaJiocn

3aJielKHOCTi Bi)J, u;epKOBHOI

raJinqi

noJieXOBi.

yKpaiHChKe

CeJIHH, B

Jlyu;LKY

CKa3aHO,

npaBOC-

JiaBHOrO iJ,YXOBeHCTBa B

papxil.

JILBOBi,

6yJIO B

po6oTy.

p03BHTKY

npaBOCJiaBHHX

yMe

raJinqi

Miiu;aH

KopncTyBaJiocn

BepxiBKH

KY JlhTypHO- OCBiTHiMH

HaBqaHHH.

6paTCTBO

npaB

BTpyqaHHH

CHJIH

KYJILTypn

OKaTOJIHqHTH

OCBiTHIO

cnpHHJIH

KOp)J,OH

PoraTHHChKe ro

6paTCTBaMH

yKpaiHChKOI

Fpa6oeeu,oKui1

Harrpa-

PoraTHH-

HanpHKJia)J,,

pou;i 6yJIH B KOH-

JILBiBChKHM

enHC-

KOnOM re)J,eOHOM naJia6aHOM. Oco6JIHBO 6opoTL6a

3arocTpHJiacn

1589-1590

po-

Kax, KOJIH u;eil enHCKOn ,6paTCTBO TeMHHllaMH MyqHBlliH, MeCTa

H3rHaJI",

noTiM

OT qe-

pe3 cBoro nona <l>e11,opa KpyTeHH

,He

TOJihKO

aJie

llinHTaJIIO,

KOH

)J,aeT".

6paTCTBY,

lliKOJiaM IIpoTH

no-

u;Loro

Bacwliu

Be!luKuCi

HaiJpyKoBaHoMy iJpyKapHi

y y

,C!lyJICe6HuKy", CmpamuHCbKiCi

}604 p.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

345

ToM

HaCHJihCTBa €IIHCKOIIa BHCTyiiaJIH

6paTqHKH,

rrycKaJIH HH

cBol

IIpH-

CBHIU:eHHKiB

re~eOHa

XHJihHHKiB 6aHa.

MyciB

KHIBChKHH

11 oB

MHTporroJIHT KHH.

naJia-

KOHij>JiiKT

BTpyqaTHCH

~0-

3aci~aH-

JlLBiBChKe

KOpHCTyBaJIOCH

Eopeo:L6paTCTBO IIpH-

cepe~

KaprraTChKHX MimaH KOIO

IIOIIIaHOIO.

poo:i

MimaHH

BeJIH-

164 7

CHHTHHa

IIpOCHJIH ~OIIOMOrH Bm rre-

pecJii~yBaHHH lx KaTOJIHU:hKChOH~3aMH.

KHMH

BoHH

IIHCaJIH qJieHaM JlbBIDChKOro

6paTCTBa,

KChOH~3H,

IHO

,TpH

IIpHCJiaHi

JlbBOBa, HaKa3aJIH 3aqnHHTH

o:epKBH,

3a6opOHHJIH

xpern:eHHH i rroxopoHn".

TumyflbHa KpU!lOCbKOi!O

BHHHKHeHHHM

cmopiHKa

BaHHH Ha YKpaiHi, HKe 6y JIO

1606 p.

eeaHcefli5l

3arroqaTKOBaHe

<l>e~OpOBHM y JlbBOBi JIH€ThCH Ha

o:epKBaX

KpHJIOCi

3aCHOBaHi

CeMeH

rroeT,

(1606 p.) BeJIHKHM

~.lKeHHHM

KpHJIOChKe

MHCTeU:hKHM

.H.

IcaeBnqa,

rpaBep

03~o6JieHHHM. y

I I aMBO

CaMe

(1604

u:nx

BH~aBHnqoro

yqnTeJILHoe",

rrpaKTHU:i

~pyKapHi,

EepnH~a.

PoraTHHa

KYJihTypH,

(,JiiTyprioH"

,€BaHreJiie

~pyKapHi

6iJIH

KpaiO

Bciero

yKpaiHChKOI

BH~aHi

Brreprne

yKpaiHChKi

CTpaTHHi

HaiiiOMY

Ey~3HHa.

~inq

~pyKap

CJiaBH03BiCHHH ,AIIOCTOJI" IIOHB-

BHHHKaiOTh

poKax

rreprni

BH~aTHHH

IBaHoM

3eMJii.

cToJiiTTH

CTpaTHHChKiil ~pyKapHi

if oro

poKy,

1604-1606

~pyKap

KepyBaB

IIHChMeHHHK, B

6yJIH

rrpocJiaBHBCH HicTIO

XVII

rroqaTKY

IIpnKaprraTTi.

15 7 4

raJIHU:hKOI

KHHro~pyKy

HKHX

~iHJih

JieKCHKOrpalj>,

3aB~HKH p.),

rn:o

iloMy

,Tpe6HnK"

BH3HaqaJIHCH

BH~aHHHX,

3a TBep-

cxi~HocJioB'HHChKoro KHH-

346

BoJtoiJuMup 3 HBHRHCH

ro~pyKyBaHHH

CIOlKeTHi

Tpa6oeeU,bJWi1

iniOCTpau;ii,

BMOHTOBaHi

TeKCTH

KHHr (rrepe~ THM BlKHBanncn nnrne opnaMeHTanhni rrpnKpacn i neqncnenni rropTpeTH, rpaBropn na BCIO CTOpiHKy). I B MY

6yna

3acnyra

llhO-

IlaMBO

Eepnn~n.

Ilicnn

<J>yn~aTopa ~pyKapni,

CTpaTHHChKOI" II

KYIIHB

ChKHH ceif

<l>e~opa

cMepTi

Eana6ana,

KneBo-Ileqep-

apxiMaH~pHT

€nn-

II neTeneu;LKHH,

rro-

KnaBIIIH THM rroqaTOK

~py

KapHi

KneBo-IleqepchKOI

JlaBpn, HKa rroqana ~iHTH 3 1615 poKy. TaK i3 IIpnKaprraTTH

KHHrO~

CBiT RO

TumyJtbHa

pyKyBaHHH rrepeilrnno y 30noToBepxnii KniB. pexo~oM ~pyKapni

13 rre-

CTpaTHHChKOI ~o

KneBa

ro~pyKyBaHHH. Kna~aqeM,

IlaMBO B

HbOMY

Ty~n

B 1615 pou;i rrepenrnoB i IIpO~OBlKyBanaCh

,JleKCiKOHY

1627 poKy.

EepuHiJu

6yJtu

MamepiaJtu,

cmopiHKa

CJlaBeHOpOCbKOi!O euKopucmaHi

3i6paHi

II aMBO Eepnn~a.

JteKcuKocparjJilfHi IlpuKapnammi

BH~aBnnqa ~iHnhnicTh

fl: oro

y HOBHX YMOBaX i Bi~3HaqanaCH BHCOKHM piBHeM KHH-

TyT Bin cTaB ronoBHHM

rri~nic ~pyKapcTBO

~pyKapeM,

pe~aKTopoM i

na MHCTellhKHH piBeHh.

rrepe-

B KneBi y 162 7

pou;i IlaMBO Eepnn~a 3aBeprnnB na~3Bnqaifny rrpau;ro ,JleKciKoH cnaBenopoccKiii

HMeH

TRhKOBanie",

HKY

Bin

rroqnnaB

CROBHHKY BMimeHO 6nH3hKO 7000 CRiB -

rrepeBalKHO TOroqacHOI u;epKOBHOCROB'HHChKOI MOBH TnyMaqenHHM CTORiTTH.

U:eif

yKpaiHChKOI, nepHH~a

yKpaiHChKOIO CROBHHK

a H pociHChKOI,

CTaB

O~HHM

niTepaTypnoro

Bi~irpaB

BeRHKY

3 rrepeKna~OM Ta

MOBOIO

pORh

6inopyChKOI i

3aqnnaTeniB

IIpnKaprraTTi.

3aranhHHX Ta BRaCHHX iMeH,

rroqaTKY

p03BHTKY

XVII RHIIIe

IIORhChKOI neKCHKOrpalj>il.

IIOe3ii'

IIIKiRhHOI ~paMH

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

347

YKpaiHi. B

1616 pouj y JlLBO-

Bi 6yJIH Ha)J,pyKOBaHi HOrO pi3)J,BHHi

Biprni.

3HaHOMJIHqHCh

3 ,JleKCiKOHOM", 6aqHMO, mO 6araTO

MaJI03p03yMiJIHX CJiiB,

IIOHCHeHHX y HYTO

TBOpi,

aBTopoM

rroqeprrIIpnKap-

rraTTi. 3 Toro rrepio)J,y )J,O Hac )J,illIIIJIH )J,eHKi

rne)J,eBpH

KaprraTChKOI

rrpn-

apxiTeKTypH,

HKHM IIOmaCTHJIO BIIiJiiTH, xoq IIpOKOTHJIHCh

110

raJIHIIhKiH

3eMJii TaTapChKi Op)J,H Ta CTH-

Ce5lmoiJyxiecbKa

u,epKBa

no6yiJoeaHa

CyztacHUU

PocamuHi,

1598 pou,i.

XiHHi

JIHxa.

)J,OMOIO

BUi!Jl5liJ

JiiTepaTypi

cTapoBHHHa u;epKBa B PoraTHHi

TaK,

rnnpoKoBi-

MHCTeiiTB03HaBqin

e CBHTO)J,yxiBChKa

crrpaB.lKHiii rne)J,eBp )J,epeB'HHOI apxi-

TeKTypn Ta .lKHBorrncy Ha IIpnKaprraTTi. Pa3oM 3 )1,3BiHHIIeiO BOHa rro6y)J,OBaHa

1598 pou;i TaJiaHOBHTHMH Micu;eBHMH MaHCTpaMH. 3a TBep-

)J,.lKeHHHM MHCTeiiTB03HaBu;iB, )J,aBHiiiiHX

JIHIIIe

CBHTO)J,yXiBChKa u;epKBa €

O)J,Hi€10 3 HaH-

IIpnKaprraTTi, aJie ii Ha YKpaiHi, )J,epeB 'HHHX 6y)J,iBeJih 3 MH

xapaKTepHHMH

03HaKa-

raJIHIIhKOI

HapO)J,HOI

apxiTeKTypH

)J,epeB'H-

HHM 3py6oM Ta 3

(OHTO-

BHM )J,aXOM. qy)J,OBY KOMII03Hllil0 Kparnae

apxiTeKTYPHY ri)J,HO

iHTep'ep

3HaMeHHTHH

IIpH-

u;epKBH

poraTHH-

ChKHH iKoHocTac. BiH Mae BpiBHOBa.lKeHy rapMOHiHHY KOMII03Hllil0 3 BH)J,iJieHHHM

u;eHTpaJihHO-

lKoHocmac B

PocamuHi,

Ce5lmoiJyxiecbKOf po3MaflbOBaHuu

u,epKBU y

1598 p.

348

Fpa 6oeeu, bJW i1

BoJtoiJuMup

ro IIOJHI 110 BepTHKaJii, BHH3Y

p03MiUJ:eHi

Ta, a Ha

u;apChKi

Bpa-

TpeThOMY Hpyci -

,MoJiiHHH". Ben pi3L6a B iKoHOCTaci, KpiM u;apChKHX BpaT, He HacKpi3Ha, a peJILelj>Ha i 3a CTHJieM Ha6JIHlKa€ThCH ~0 peHeCaHCOBOI

6iJIOKaM'HHOI

XVII cToJiiTTH. BoHa

pi3L6H

HaJielKHTh ~0 THX Me qaciB i Tiel TaCH

IIIKOJIH, UJ:O H iKOHOC-

II'nTHHIIhKOI u;epKBH y

CmapoeuHHa

Bo3~BHMeHChKOI Ta

JlLBOBi,

IOpiiBChKOI u;epKoB ro6nqi.

LKHBOIIHC

ChKOrO

iKOHOCTacy

EJtacoBiU{eHCbKa

KoJtoMui -

,Upo-

oiJHa

KOJlUIUHbOi!O

u,epKBa

mpbox

u,epKOB

MOHacmup5l

poraTHH€

O~HHM

HaHBHUJ:HX ~OCHrHeHh

TOrO

rrepio~y

3HaMeHy€ IliJiy erroxy B p03BHTKY yKpaiHChKOrO Hau;ioHaJihHOrO lKHBOIIHCy. IIpeKpacHo Bi~TBopeHo o6Jinqqn

EoroMaTepi, 3axorrJIIOIOTh o6-

pa3H apxaHreJia MnxaiJia i , Tpiilu;n". IKoHocTac Ha 3aMOBJieHHH Micu;eBoro 6paTCTBa CTBOpeHHH B

1649-1650

poKaX u;eXOBHMH MaHCTpaMH. Ilpn B'l3~i ~o

KoJIOMHI 3

IBaHo- <l>paHKiBChKoro BCiX

3aXOIIJIIO€

IIIJIHXY

CTapOBHHHa

nJiaroBirn:eHChKa u;epKBa BoHa rro6y~oBaHa

6iJIH

1587

pou;i,

~BOHpycHa

Hel

~3Bi-

HHIIH, UJ:O TaKOlK € O~Hi€10 3 HaHCTapiiiiHX ~epeB'HHHX 6y~OB

KpaiO.

U:H

CTapOBHHHa

u;epKBa B OCHOBi xpern:aTa, 3 ~OBOJii

p03BHHYTHMH

paMe-

HaMH, rn:o BH3Haqae crreu;n<J>iKY o6'eMHOIIpOCTOpOBHX KOM1103HIIiH, ){3BiHUU,5l

npu 3

EJtacoBiU{eHCbKiCi KiHU,5l

XVI

em.

u,epKBi

B HKHX ~OMiHy€ He

u;eHTpaJILHa 6aHH, a 6iqHi po3BHHyTi 3py6n. Ma6yTL, B YKPaIHChKiil

apxiTeKTypi

HeMae

ImocmpoeaHa .aofliUJH5l

C B5lmo<o

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR .

ToM

349

u,epKBa BocKpeciHH5l

y c. IlelfeHi:JtCuHi, cnopyiJ:JtCeHa B 1629 p.

iniiioro TaKoro xpaMy, )J,e pHTM rrpnca)J,KyBaTHX rrporropujnnnx qJienyBaHh 6yB 6n 3)J,iHCHeHHH TaK IIOCJii)J,OBHO H MaHCTepHO. He)J,aJieKo Bi)J, KoJioMni, B )J,OJiiiiiniii qacTHHi ceJinrn:a IleqenbKnna, 3

1629 poKy 36eperJiacn )J,epeB'nna u;epKBa CBnToro

Tpn6annnil xpaM

HBJIH€

BocKpecinnn.

co 6 ow u;iKaBy 6y)J,oBy rroqaTKY XVII TH.

cToJiiT-

BHCOKOMHCTellhKHMH

TBO-

paMH 3aiiOBHeHHH iHTep'€p u;epKBH,

Jill~

HKiH

36eperJIHCH

CTapOi1,pyKH

BaM-

u;epKOBHi

KHHrH

XVII-XVIII

3HaBu;i

MHBOIIHCY BHCOKO

cToJiiTh. Oil~

HIOIOTh iKony , Po3rr' HTTH", rn: o 6yJia

BHHBJieHa

CeJii

rpa6iB

PoMHHTiBChKoro panony.

Bona

rrpe)J,CTaBJIH€

IIIKO-

6oifKiBChKY

JIY yKpalncLKoro iKonorrncy XVI cToJiiTTH. )J,MeHHH

CBi)J,qenHHM

B TY erroxy TeaTpaJih-

HOrO MHTTH € pennn

Bi)J,OMa

C3 epeiJHbOBilfHUCi cmopiHKU

'/zimonuceu,b nuUJe

icmopif YKpai"Hu MUHy!lux !lim

36y-

)J,paMa

rrep-

XVII

3 pyKOIIHCY,

IBaHoM

MocTnrn:e, pauOHl_

, CJioBo

rreKJia"

IIIOI IIOJIOBHHH

3apo-

CTOJiiTTH, BHHBJieHO-

<l>paHKOM rn:o

ceJii

KaJWChKO!IfY

350

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

Po3,IJ,iJI VI

ITPHKAPITATCbKA

XME~bHHqqHHA

(1648-1655 pp.) BI)J)IYHH51 LJI1TI1PI1HCbKI1X ,I1;3BOH1B HA IIPHKAPIIATTI cepe)J,HHi XVII cToJiiTcoujaJILHi i rrarJjo-

rraJILHi

cyrrepeqrrocTi

B YKpairri )J,OCHIJIH Kpailrrix MeM. To

6yB

qac

BeJIHKOI 6opoTL6n

rrapo)J,y 3a cBoe coujaJILHe i rraujorraJILHe

BH3BOJieHHH,

IIIHHOIO II cTaJia BOJihHa

Bep-

rrapo)J,HO-BH3-

1 6 4 8- 1 6 57

Biilrra

po-

KiB, HKY oqoJIHB BH)J,aTHHH )J,epMaBHHH

)J,iHq

ITOJIKOBO)J,errh

Eor)J,aH XMeJihHHllhKHH. HOIO

CHJIOIO

rriei

roJIOB-

BiHHH

6yJIO

oqoJieHe CB0€10 CTapDIHHOIO K03arrTBO,

HKe

6opOJIOCH

rrpOTH

rrriTy rroJihChKHX il yKpaiHChKHX <J>eo)J,aJiiB Ta irro3eMrroro rrorreBOJieHHH. BOJihHiil

Pa3oM 3 HHM y BiHHi

BHCTyrraJIH

BH3IIIH-

poKi MaCH CeJIHHCTBa i MiChKOIO

rraceJieHHH

YKpaiHH,

HKi,

6yiJ,yqn rrai16iJihDI eKcrrJiyaToBaHHMH, CKJiaJIH y)J,aprry CHJIY rriei 6opoTL6n.

II p o

u;e

roBopnJia

EociJaH

XMe!lbHUU,bKUCi.

3 cpae10pu FoHiJiyca 1649 p.

ImocmpoeaHa CaMa

icmopi5l

IIIJHIXTa:

TaKoro ChKa

IlpuKapnammR.

,XJIOIICTBO BCe

MicTa,

HKe

CBaBOJIH,

HKa

rrocJiaM

rri)J,

qac

Bi)J,CTYIIHTh,

6o,

,TO

rrepeMor

Bo)J,aMH

Ha)J,

Hai16iJihllli y)J,apy

IIIJIHXeTChKi

KopoHi,

Y CIIiXH

)1,0

JliBo6epe.lK.lKH, u;iro

KiciJih

3MiHa

roJioBy Ha)J,

IIO)J,ii

crroKiil,

6010

Tncnqa

lllaCTH

MipHTH

TaK,

BHllle

IIHMH

3YCTpiBCH

aJie

IIIO

MaJIH

roJioB

rriCJIH xi6a

Ilo)J,iJIJii,

rroBHOIO

6HTBH, HaC

rOJIOBH

qy)J,OM

bO.lKa

CHJia

BoJIHHh

Bopora.

6nTBH

Tpy)J,HIIIHX

3aXi)J,HOyKpaiHChKHX

IIIJIHXTa TpHBO.lKHJiacn 3a

PycLKe

MHHyB.

HelllaCTH ••• poraTHHaHKOrO

HaC

CHJIY CTaHe

ro)J,HHo!". CBO€ i

rri)J,

CTaHOIlnJIHB-

Bi)J,6yJiaCH

, Mn,

3arHHYJIH

rrepeMora

apMi€10.

roBoMa€MO

BpHTye".

IlHJIHBellhKa 6HTBa CTaJia rrepeJIOMHHM MOMeHTOM B 6opOTh6H

BO€BO)J,a

pp.)

JiyKaMH

HelllaCHa

IIOBHiCTIO

CeJiaX

3HeCeHe

KO.lKHOrO

rropa3KOIO

yKpaiHi

,CTpaiii-

CJiaBa,

yKpiiiHBIIIH

rriiiioB

6yB

aKTHBi3a-

rrncaB:

BiHChKOM,

IIIJIHXeTChKOIO

B.lKe

HacTyrrnJio 3

BOrHeBHM

apMiiO,

)J,JIH

MiCTaX

16 3 6- 16 4 8

(

TiJihKH

pyiiiHHIIHMH.

CTOTHCHqHOIO

6aThKiBIIIHHi.

O)J,Hi€I

)J,e3opra-

3MyiiieHHH

npau;JiaBChKHH

CliO Kill

CMep-

BiHChKOM.

IIocrroJIHTol.

IIIO

TaJiaHT

3aB)J,aHO

BITJIHBaJIH

3eMJii.

BeJIHKi

qacTHHaX

€Bporri,

apxierrncKorra

MoryTHiM

IIpOTH

LKoBTHMH

ITO

3HaqeHHH

IIocrroJIHTOI,

Pycc10,

IIOBCTaHh

Ilo)J,iJIJIH,

HaiiiiH

rri)J,

BiH

ypH)J,

BeJIHKe

Peqi

Hapo)J,y

rrpoHBHB

nyJio

3arropi3bKHM

peopraHi3yBaBIIIH

3aBepiiiHJiacn

Ha)J,ii,

30JIOTHH

TOIO

IIpaBo6epe.lK.lKi

IIIO

cJiaBa 3

ceJIHHChKHX

.lKO)J,HOI

CTaBaJia,

IIIJIHXTa

IIOJihChKHH

raJIHIIhKiH

BiilchKO

BiilcLKaMH

MipKyBaHh,

aKTHBi3au;ii

HaCTYIIHJia

XMeJihHHIIhKHH,

6nTBa,

)],pyre

BeJIHKHX 6JIHCKy-

reTLMaH

I I MoryTHiCTh

rHe3)J,iBChKoro

(K03aiiTBOM),

crrpaBa

MYCHMO

pnJia

)J,O

po3rpoMJieHe

B.lKe )1,0

BHCTyrriB

JIHCTi

BOpOrOM

3rac U:e

BiHChK

CTBOpHTH

pH)J,

IIocrroJIHTO"i.

rri)J,ipBaHo

IIpaBo6epe.lK.lKH

36pOHHHX

Peqi

CIIpHHJIH

6y)J,e

,xJiorr-

IIIJIHXeTChKHM

Bi)J,

B)J,aJiocn

3)J,06yJIH

6nTBax

BiHChKa,

BH3BOJihHHX

Hapo)J,y,

HKi

CTpaTeriqHHX

IIpHMHpeHHH

HeMOB

IIIO

a6o

pyKa".

u;nx

CHJIH

Hi3oBaHo

ChKOrO

.lKO)J,HOrO

rri)J,KpecJIHB

IIepencJiaBi,

CHJIH,

BHXO)J,HqH

IIIJIHXiB

3pOCTae,

rroJihChKO-IIIJIHXeTchKHMH

TeJihHOro

IIIyKaTH

TOrO

reTLMaH

rrpaBa

36pOHHi

6yHTY

XMeJihHHIIhKoro",

XMeJihHHIIhKOMY

KopcyHeM.

IIOJIKOBO)J,IIH. po3rpOMHB

Haiiia

poKy

K03allhKO-CeJIHHChKi qnx

)1,0

CaM

rreperoBopiB

164 8

HaBecHi

rrpoTH

rroqaJiaCH,

XMeJihHHIIhKoro".

351

KHHYJIOCH )1,0

6opoJiocn

BiilchKO

ToM

3eMeJih.

icTopii' BH3BOJihHOI

III,e

BO€BO)J,CTBO i

)J,aJieKO

)1,0

u;iei

cTaBHJia rrnTaHHH

352 rrpo

BoJtoiJuMup 3Mio;HeHHH

raJIHqHHH

lj>opTeo;h.

3aBlK)J,H

Ha)J,)J,HirrpHHIIIHHi CBOrO

pnu;iil

roJiorop 3

MOHaxn

IIparHeHHH

,UeHKi

IIi)],

IIOMHJIKOBO 6yJio

rrpo

aHTHIIIJIHXeTChKY

3arOHH i Haiiii

iloro.

p03BHTKY

6e3rreqHo

60HTHCH",

Bi)J,

(Ko3aKiB),

3aHBHJia

BepecHi

1648

aJie

3-IIOMilK

,III06

XOTiB

IIpaBocJiaBHi

6opOTh6i

rrpOTH pyxy.

)1,0

6HTBH

3Haxo)J,HMO MilllaH

IIi)],

cBi)J,qeHHH

IIpnKaprraTTH,

if MilllaHH

BHKJIHKaJia

36npaJIHCH

,BeJIHKa xypTOBHHa IIpHIIaJia Ha

MOlKeMO

Bi)J,CTYIIHTH,

JIHIIIe

cBoro rri)J,)J,aHoro rroqnHaeMo IIIJIHXTa.

BHCTyiiiB

6iJIH Tepe6oBJii,

MimaHH

HapO)J,HOrO

raJinqnHi

rro)J,eKy)J,H

raJIHllhKa

cepe)],

poo;i

CeJIHH

if BJiacHoro

qepBHi

poKy

rroBcTaHChKi BorHHilla:

HKOI

€)J,HOCTi

OXOTOIO

ce6e.

164 8

IIIO

rraT-

if oro

O)J,HOrO

rrpocnJin,

)J,O

CBO€

XMeJih-

Maroqn

rricJiaJIH

)J,MepeJiax

pyifHyBaJIH lj>eo)J,aJihHi Ma€TKH.

CTiHH,

rrpnxo)J,OM

IIOCTYIIOBO p03BHBaJiaCH,

CeJIHHH,

BipH

6aqnJIH

JihBiBChKHH

r .) ,

HKOMY

6opOTh6y poKy

6opOTh6i

,TnpaHii rroJIHKiB"

reTLMaHa

IIpoTe

TpaBHi TOrO

cepe)], IIIJIHXTH.

qyMoro Bop ora

Bi)J,

6paTaMH

HKOMY

rpeo;hKOI

MeiiiKaHo;i

JIIO)J,ChKOI HeBoJii".

IlHJIHBIIHMH

rrepe)J,

JIIO)J,H

TBep)J,HJIH,

rreperroJiox

IIIO

CBOIMH

BHIIa)J,KOBO

raJIHllhKOI 3eMJii )1,0

CIIpHHJIH

IlnJIHBIIHMH rOCTpy

BapiiiaBy

3arrpoiiiyBaJIH

rHiTy

HKa rroqaJiaCH B

IIeBHO,

THM,

K03a£1TBOM,

orrepTHCH

XMeJihHHllhKoro,

Tpy)J,HIIIHX

iCTOpHKH

MOrJIH

3BiJihHHTH,

KpexoBa

IIIJIHXeTChKOrO

BH3BOJieHHH.

6HTBH

B033'€)J,HaHHH

(XMeJihHHllhKOro

)J,O

rrpniiTn" 3

BHKJIHKaHe

HKHH Mae IX BH3BOJIHTH 3

qac

JIHCTOM

HeraiiHo

6y JIO

qepry,

HKe

,To

BOp ora

IIi)],

)1,0

rroBi)J,OMJIHB

raJinqnHy:

BHrJIH)J,aiOTh

o;e

rrepiiiy

Hao;ioHaJILHe

HOBoro Moilcen,

ce6e

KyiiieBnq

HHllhKoro

rrparHyJIH i,

pHTiBHHKa

cou;iaJILHe

B Ce

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

CeJIHH

CoKaJIH i

MilllaH

BH)J,iJIHJIHCH

KaM'HHKH CTpyMHJIOBol.

illJIHXTi B)J,aJIOCH 3a )J,OIIOMOrOIO BiHChKa YTHXOMHpHTH HapO)J,Hi 3aBopyiiieHHH B

CoKaJihiiiHHi,

JIOBOI i

caMoMy

CIIaJiaXHYB RKIII o

3eMeJih,

HBHHH 3

Bi)J,KpHTO

6yHT,

CTaBHB

BiH

CBOIX

IIOXO)J,iB

p03Bi)J,yBaJihHY

KaTOJIHKH,

rrpo

qepe3

po6oTy

B6HTi

o;i

pH)J,

rrncaJia IIIJIHXTa, CBHilleHHKH".

3aXO)J,iB

3eMJii,

KpaiO,

164 8

pou;i

3aXi)J,HOyKpaiHChKHX 3

MeTOIO

IIO-IIepiiie

)J,JIH

IIO-)J,pyre

<J>opTeo;L.

HaiiiOMY

KaM'HHKH CTpyMn-

XMeJihHHllhKHH

6opOTh6y:

BiilchKOBHX

BH3BOJieHHH

p03p06HB

OKOJIHIIHX

CTpyMHJIOBiil,

MipKyBaHh

IIHTaHHH

raJIHqHHH

l l i i IIIJIHXeTChKOI BJia)J,H KY

KaM'HHlli

IIOB6HBaHi

Heolj>io;iHHO

MaC

3)J,iHCHeHHH

)J,HIIJIOMaTnqHnx

HapO)J,HHX

aJie BOHH Bi)J,HOBHJIHCH B

MicTi.

ToMy

IIi)J,HHTTH

ycrriiiiHOrO

)J,JIH

JiiKBi)J,a-

po3ropTaB

HaB'H3yBaB

BeJIH-

KOHTaKTH

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

ToM

Ka3eMamax

Fa!lUl{bKOco

B BuKoHaBl{i

cyiJoeof

cniuMaHOMY po3BidHUKOBi

Jlaeu

.H. rrepe)J, 6oTy

cy)J,OM

XMeJihHHllhKOro

Ili)J,Cy,ll,HHH

MaHHBChKOMY Ta JIIO)J,eH,

HKi

qepe3

RMHi.

qeKaJIH

rOBOpHJIH:

MaHHBChKOMY

MOHaxiB,

IIO)J,H,

HKHH

)J,OIIOMO.lKH".

IIpHXHJihHHKH

MicTeqKy

BoJioqncLKax

cBoro rrana.

KoHlfeBCbKOMy.

p03Bi)J,HHKiB.

0)J,HH

crriiiMannil

6iJIH

TaKHX

p03-

Ha,ll,Bipnol

p03Bi)J,HHllhKO-IIpOIIaraH)J,HCTChKY

BiH

rro6yBaB

TBep)J,HB,

IIpHXi)J,

qenu;i

)J,aBaJIH

Ili)J,railu;Hx,

BCIO)J,H

)J,OIIOMO.lKH xoTiJIH

rrpOBO)J,HB,

Miman

IIIO

K03allhKOro

KonqeBChKHH

K03aKiB CTaH

5IpeMi Fama!leBUlf

6yB

,rociiO)J,H,

if oro

mopmyp

1648 p.

po-

raJinqnni.

IIIO

HK BHoqi CKnTi

CBOIX

p03KpHB B

3aHBHB,

27-28 flUnH5l

Mupoc!laB

KonqeBChKHH raJinqi

3aMKy.

3aedal0mb

XMeflbHUl{bKOco

EocdaHa

HaCeJieHHHM

Fa!lulfa

IloKymmi

XydOJ1CHUK

Micu;eBHM

353

IlpuKapnammR.

CKa3aB:

HaiiiHM

rrpH3HaBcH,

HOMY ICTH,

IIHTH

rriiiiJIH

)J,O

TOMY'

qyB,

O)J,HH roc-

KoncTaHTHHOBi

Ha ,ll,Opory

K03aKiB

raJinqi

JIHCTa,

Kpamnn,

mo i

CKHTi

3YCTpiqaB

6paTaM-K03aKaM".

iloMy

, X To

raJinqi,

raJinqnni

BiHChKa.

rrepe)J,aTH

3aroTOBHJIH )J,JIH

qoJioBiKH

TaJIHp.

6oqoK

rropoxy,

roTyBaJIHCh

B6HTH

,UenKi ,ll,pi6ni IIIJIHXTnqi TaKo.lK 6yJIH po3Bi)J,HHKaMH XMeJih-

354

BoJtoiJuMup

HHIJ,hKoro. HKHH

MaB

poKiB

1651

Ma€TKH

6yB

rri)J,

raJIHIJ,hKa

yHiBepcaJI:

3 -rri)J,

QepKBH

TepeHaX

YKpaiHH,

na 3axi)l,.

HKi

MOrJIH

IJ,iB,

IIIJIHXTa

,HKi

IIi)J,IIaJIUTU

MaJIU

EepeManax,

neno.

BaJia

BIIa)J,aJia

rrpo

Te,

nau6iJihiii

TyBaJia,

rn:o

CBOIX

B B

,rruJih-

IIOBCTaHIJ,i,

HapO,ll,

cBolx

HKi

6opOTh6y.

po3Bi)J,HHKiB

BiiichK

IIaHiKy.

TUM

MiCTa":

ceJiax

IJoKyTTH

IIi)J,)J,aBaJia

MiCIJ,eBUMU

Bcix )J,aJii

rn:e

YMOBa-

3aB)J,aHHHMU.

napo,ll,HHX

6iJihiii e,

iniiiux

rroBcTaH-

IIJ: 0

rriiiiJIO

HHX

IIOBCIO)J,U

O)J,HOrO

K03aKiB, crriiiMaHO

rri)J,o3piJiux

yB'H3-

PycLKoro BO€BO)J,CTBa IIIJIHXTa B

IIpUXUJihHHKiB

IIocrroJiuTy

JlLBOBi,

HHX

3HaUOMi

IIOCTaBJieHUMU

Piq

BOporiB,

aKTHBHHX

yB'H3HIOBaJia

BeJiuqKa,

Ha JlhBiBIIJ:HHy,

6yJIH

HaUBalKJIHBiiiii

,ll,pyroro

6aquJia

PoKiiJ,LKoro,

,rrpoTnroM )],BOX

)J,OCBi)J,qeni

3aKJIUKaJIU

BH3BOJihHHX

ycix MicTax, naBiTh y

yKpaiHII,HX

Bin

Ti qu iniiii MiciJ,eBocTi narrpaBJIHJIHCH K03aKu-

CIIpaBJIHTHCH

qyTKH

raXO)J,UJIU

rrepeMoraMu

raJIUII,hKa

rn:o

BHCJIOBOM

po3icJiaB

3Bi)J,TU IIOXO)J,UJIH,

IIIupuJiucn

T06TO

eTbMaHa,

BOHU

JierKO

HaJIHKana

reTLMaH

IIepeBaMHO B

po3Bi)J,HHKH, MU

3a Te,

6yJiu,

K03aKaMU"

IIOIIIUpiOBaJIU EiJio I

3acy)J,uJia

IIIIIHryHoM".

XMeJihHHIJ,hKoro

CJiaBHHMU

IIIJIHXTa

IIepeMHIIIJieM,

K03aiJ,hKHM

AriTaTopu HHMH

po11,i

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

3B. H3Kax

K03aKiB,

3aiii)J,03p10-

XMeJihHHII,hKHM'

ape III-

TOpTypaM.

Bll3BOJibHI IIOXOJJ:ll BiMChK EOf)J;AHA XMEJibHllQbKOfO icJIH

IluJIHBeiJ,hKOI

BCTYIIHJia B

·---~ lKOBTHH BTeKJIH qaB

rreperoBopu

BucoKuii

IIi)J,iHIIIJIU

IJoJihiTJ:Y.

3aMoK

3 -

MichKHMH nau6iJihiii

IJpoTe

XMeJihHHII,hKHH, rriiiioB

3eMJIIO

JiaB

3YIIHHUJIUCH

BaMJIHBHM HHIJ,hKoro

cBol

JlhBiB.

IIi)],

IIJ: 0

rroJIKH

na)J,iiiny

Moro

orropy

36apalK

BiHChKa

MOBTHH

IIaHiiJ,i

lj> OpTeiJ,IO,

JlhBiBChKY

KpuBonic

BiiicLKa

XMeJihHHIJ,hKoro

Epo)J,U,

illJIHXeTChKi

OToquB

BJiaCTHMH.

IIO-

3)J,o6yB

JlLBiBChKoro

rapni3ony.

CTapOBUHHe

yKpaiHChKe

rrpoiiiiiJIH

qepe3

EeJI3hKY

3aMOCTHM. KpOKOM

reTbMaH, B

apMiH

3)J,o6yJiu

6aMaiOqu HUIIJ:UTU

3axi)l,.

cTpaTeriqnuM

6y JIO Te,

oKpeMi

IIi)],

BH3BOJihHa

Ko3aKU

XMeJihHHII,hKHH

MicTo,

)J,aJii

6uTBH

raJiuquny.

pi3Hi

)J,iHJihHOCTi

rrepeXO)J,Hqu pauonu.

qepe3

CaMa

Eor)J,ana raJiuquny,

IIIJIHXTa

XMeJihpo3iC-

roBopuJia,

rn:o

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

,XMeJihHHllhKHH TiHHOM

XMiJih

u;Loro

JIHIIIe

MaraB

nOBCTaJIHM

MilllaHH,

IIIJIHXTOIO.

KOCThOJI,

ChKi

MilllaHH,

icTopii

qac

IlHJIHBellh

MiCTO 6yJio

caM

MaKCHM

BeJIHKOI

IIHX

)1,0

Ca)J,H6H

KaTOJIHllhKHM

6araTo

o6'e)J,HaJIHCH

)1,0

peii)J,iB

K03allhKoro noxi)J,

npnxHJihHHKiB K03aKiB

KaTOJIHllhKOI

naTpnu;iaToM,

qoJii

CTapiiiHHH)

K03allhKO-CeJIHH-

CBOIX

U: eif

PoraTHH.

KChOH)J,3iB

K03aKaMH,

r .) '

CB0€10

)J,Ono-

3aMOCTH.

THe.

3anpOCHJIH

HeHaBHCTi

IIy-

KpnBoHic

K03allhKOrO

BH3BOJihHHX

ni)J,

ToBnnra

BiilcLKa

Bi)J,6yBCH

(Ha

)J,JIH

6opOTh6H

Bipn"

CYMY

BH6paHOIO

HaBKOJIHIIIHiMH

caMo-

3HHIIIH-

THC.

)J,yxoBeHCTBOM. 3

XMeJihHHllh-

PoraTHHi )J,onoMorJIH CTBOpHTH yKpaiHChKe

ni)J,TpHMaHi

COTHHKaMH,

Bi)J,

Kpal.

noJIKOBHHK B

KpnBoHoca (IIIJIHXTH

BapiiiaBy".

apTepiiO

PoraTHHi

MOHaCTHpi,

po3npaBHJIHCH

aJie

npaB)J,OnO)J,i6Ho,

Ko3aKH B

BpH)J,yBaHHH. JIH

noxi)J,

HaTpoe"

Ili)J,ripcLKi

JiereH)J,apHHH

rOJIOBHY

355

3HHilleHHH

(HeBi)J,OMOrO

CeJIHHaM

apMiiO

npocTo

noJIKOBHHK

AiJ,.lKe

ToM

)J,JIH y

CTOpOHax",

CMiJIHBHH

Bnna)J,KOBO. Koro,

,no

u;Loro,

3)J,iHCHHB

IIIO

OXOpOHHB

BiHChK

KpiM

Bi)J,npaBHB

IlyTiHHa

ChKHX

CBOIO

CTOpOHax

nycTHBCH

BH)J,Ho,

)J,OnOMOrOIO He

KanycTy

apMieiO 3

po3)J,iJIHB

nicJiaB

HKoroch

IlpuKapnammR.

3!1.),

PoraTHH-

CTapiiiHHOIO

CeJIHHaMH,

3HHIIIHJIH

356 III JHIXeTChKi

MaeTKH

)J,OIIOMOrOIO

Micu;eBHX

HaJIHCH

Milu;aHH

3)J,06yB 1IHX,

3HHIIIHB

iHIIIi

IIOBCTaHu;i

Cepe)J,Hix Milu;aH

JIHX

KepiBHHKiB

TiJihKH

6yB

HKa

Ma€TKH,

IIOpaHHJIH.

BiHChKOBOro,

IIOXO)J,y

B6HTH

IIO)J,pa3HHJIH

lKOBHipoM,

6araTO

BiH

HHIIhKHil, a

oqoJIHB

OCKiJihKH

OC06JIHBO

6opoJIHCH IIIOB

)1,0

KaMH

rraHa,

Me)J,Hlli,

IIpoTe

I I epe6yBaroqn i

PaKOIIiH

rriiiiJIH

)1,0

3aMoK rri)J,

BCiX

rroxi)J,,

1611

Bi)J,6yBcH CTOpOHY

JlLBOBOM, Ta

cyrrpOBO)J,HJIH

HaiiiOI

CeJIHHaMH Ce6acTi3HaiOqH

HeBHHHHX,

Pyci

OTa-

rOJIOBy.

U:e

IIOB6HBaB".

Cy)J,oBol BniiiHi,

iloro

BHCJiaB

XMeJih-

6araTO llpHXHJihHHKiB K03aKiB, yKpaiHChKi

HOMY

CllpHHB

HKHH He

XMeJihHHIIhKHH

K03aKiB,

MiCTO,

K03a-

MichKHMH BJiaCTH-

HKHX

ITi)J,KpeCJIHB

K03aiiLKoro

rroJI-

IIOBepTaBCH

3-lli)J,

3)J,o6yJin. rroqaB

KHH3eM

HKi,

rri)J,ill-

3HHIIIHJIH

K03aKaM.

rrpoBO)J,OM

K03aKH

ycrriiiiHO

KarrycTa

3yrrnHHBIIIHCh

yHiBepcaJiiB,

rri)J,

Mi!IIaHH

KoJIH

3)J,06yTH

ceMnropo)J,ChKHM THC.

CBiH

,IIaHOBe

CBOIO

ropo)J,Ka,

CIO)J,H

KoMapHa,

KoMapHi

YropmnHoiO

XTO

KChOH)J,3iB,

B6HBaB

BeCTH rreperoBopn

THX,

EopnMicu;eBi

IIOBCTaHu;iB,

BHryKyroqn;

IIepeMHIIIJih.

KiJihKa

na6HH-

Ha )J,Bip

pa3

caMoyrrpaBJiiHHi.

)J,OIIOMOrJIH

Ha)J,iCJiaB

6iJihiiiHH

MoJI)J,aBiero

KarrycTa rroqaB

roJIOBallhKOrO

3aMOCTH.

)J,e

MichKOMY

3aMoK

CTaBJieHHH

TpeTiil,

rraTTH,

HarrpnMi

6y JIO

IIIJIHXTY,

qoJIOBiKa

KarrycTa.

K03aKH

HarraJIH

0)J,HH

BaiiiOI

OKOJIHIIHX

Mi!IIaHH

IIepeMHIIIJii,

KOBHHKa

IIHX

ropO)J,Ky,

ropO)J,Ka,

llpHXHJihHe

cJiiB

yqacTh

cTarxxrrHHChKHH

rroJIKOBHHK

3aMKH

p031IpaBJIHJiaCH

HKHH

TOrO

,Upyrnil rroxi)J, K03allhKHX BiilchK B I I epeMHIIIJIH

THM

rroBcTaHu;iB

qiTKO BHCJIOBJIIOBaJIH

rroBcTaJii

llpH€)1,-

Xo)J,opoBi,

ceJiax

B6HBaJIH

IIOBCTaJii

3)J,o6yJIH

3ariH

Po3)J,OJii,

Bcix

PoraTHHa

IIIJIHXeTChKi

rrepe)J,

HOrO

IIIJIHXeTChKOrO

3aKJIHKaB MaHH!

MaiiMe

HoBociJihiiHX i

Bci

qypoBi,

rH06HTeJiiB,

IIi)J,KaMeHi

IIOBCTaJIHX

HoBoceJIHIIi.

IIIJIHXY

lj>eo)J,aJihHi

HoBOCeJihChKOrO

HOrO

10.

IIIJIHXTH,

TaK,

,Uo

ceJIHHH

CBO€MY

BChoro

llpOTH

CapHHKax,

3aMOK.

CBiTHJihHHKax,

Kaparoqn

K03aKaMn.

HHa

rpOMHJIH

opeH)J,apiB. llpOTeCT

KHHrHHHH,

IIyTHTHHIIHX,

Hnqax

Fpa 6oeeu, bJW i1

BoJtoiJuMup

rreperoBopn PaKou;ieM.

BCTYIIHBIIIH

3aKap-

)J,OIIOMaraJIH

yKpaiHChKOMY JieHHIO

Hace-

6opOTHCH

yropChKHMH JiaMH

YMropo)J,a.

OKOJIHIIHX ,Ko3aKH

BJtacHopy•muu

niiJnuc

EociJaHa

IIo-

XMe!lbHUU,bKOi!O

ImocmpoeaHa TaTapH, HallaJIH

icmopi5l

rOBOpHJIOCH

IIYCTOIIIaTh

KOJia

IOTh

IIOCJiiB i

PaKOIIiH,

CeJieHHIO ceJiax.

COTHi

,He

6y JIO

KoJIH

rocTHHHO 11pH6yB

CeJIHHaMH BHHIIIJIH

MaH.lKe

BaJIH

I.lKeiO,

CyJIHTnqi

K03aKH,

Mn-

llpOBO-

yropChKHX KOp)J,OHiB,

B6HBa-

6yJIH

HKi

po3iHIIIJIHCH

CTaHy Jia

110

TaK,

MiiD:aHH

llpou;eciiO,

Mirn:aHaMH 3

qoJii

CBOIX

HHMH

xaT,

pi3Hi

ypoqncTo

HaceJieHHH 3YCTpiqi, 3ariH

HaBKOJIHIIIHiMH

xopyrBaMH.

)J,O

TH.lK)J,eHh

1648

K03allhKHH

ClliJihHO

KpaiO.

ypoqncTi

KOJIH

rn:o

K03allhKa

BOCeHH

)J,OMax.

MiCTaX

TBep)J,HTh,

yKpaiHChKe

po3MOBJIHJIH u;iJIHH

IIpnKapllaTTH,

CBHTKOBY

ceJIHHH

Ha-

raJIHqHHH

BH3BOJIHTeJiiB-K03aKiB

OK-

BJiaiiiToByBaJio

CBOIX

3allpoiiieHi

po3iHIIIJIHCH

llaHyBaHHH

)J,e

IlyTiHHa,

yKpaiHChKOMY

ToMaiiiiBChKHH

MaC aM

yKpaiHChKi

HaiiOHMH

)J,eHKi

3eMJii

Micu;eBOMY

Micu;eBOCTi,

KpnBoHoca,

raJIHIIhKiH

CTellaH

K03aKiB,

opraHi3yBaJIH

3YCTpiqaTH

K03aKH

Bciil

HapO)J,HHM

11pn6yJIH

,UoJIHHY,

Tpiqi

CeJIHHaM

MarHaT ,HKi

(ToBIIHra,

IIOMaraTH

BH3BOJIHTeJiiB,

llpHiiMaJio

110

icTopnK

THCHq

K03aKH

BiTaJio

ID:O

IIOJihChKO-IIIJIHXeTChKe

3araJihHOMY

)J,OIIOMaraJIO

IIOJIKiB

qaTH

JiiKBi)J,yBaTH

raJIHqHHi

)J,OIIOMaraJIH

p.,

(Y.ltuopo)J,a) ".

)J,yxiBHHIITBO.

Bi)J,

1648

rpy)J,HH

YHrBapy

K03aKH

1648

rpy)J,HH

K03allhKHX

C11paBe)J,JIHBO

HOra".

6iJIH

IIIJIHXTY,

IIOBepTaiOqHCh

roJIOBallhKOro)'

K03allhKi

Bee

IIIJIHXTy".

6iJihiiiHX

KallyCTH, peMi

IIHCaB

KaTyiOTh

KpiM

HHID:HTH

IIOBi)J,OMJieHHi

3aKapllaTTH,

IIpnKapllaTTH

0cTpopor

)J,HJIH

O)J,HOMY

357

ToM

Yroprn:nHy

IloBepTaiOqHCh Mirn:aHaM

IlpuKapnammR.

CBHID:eHHKOM IIicJIH )J,e

TeMH.

llpHiiMaJIH

3yc-

qacTyB

ceJii

K03aKiB.

,XMEJibHHQbKHH fAJIHQbKOl 3EMJII" D" -., ~)

: .,T~ 3---*

314 Ha3HBaiOTh CeMeHa

iCTOpHKH

BncoqaHa,

KapllaTTi

O)J,He

HKHH

HaJihHHX IIOBCTaHh Ha

YKpaiHi,

XoJIMID:HHY

Ili)J, Bciil

MaCOBi CH

BIIJIHBOM

3axi)J,Hiil 36pOHHi

BeJIHKi

BH3BOJihHHX YKpaiHi

BHCTYIIH

BOrHHID:a

BoceHH

Hai16iJihiiiHX

BH3BOJIHJia

raJinqnHy'

BH3HaqHoro

qac, i

KOJIH

CeJIHH

poKy

oqoJIHB

K03allhKO-CeJIHHChKa lli)J,

IlpnperioapMiH

3aMOCTh- BapiiiaBy.

CeJIHHChKO-K03allhKHX BiHChK

36pyqa,

IIOBCTaHh.

1648

IIOJIKOBO)J,IIH

Hau;ioHaJihHO-BH3BOJihHHX

llpHMyBaJia

IIOXO)J,iB

Bi)J,

HapO)J,HOrO

MiiD:aH.

CnHy B

pH)J,i

Kap11aT MiCIIh

110

cllaJiaXHYJIH

BOHH

BHJIHJIH-

358

BoJtoiJuMup

Jtucma

C/JommwniR iJo B

5/KOMY B

coeopumbc5l

lfacu

Iloqnnaroqn

XoJIMmHHH Teu;i,

IIaHChKi

p03pOCTaJIOCH

rrepiiiHX

)J,HiB

rpoMa)J,H

Bi11,

3axo11,i

JIHIIIe

KaprraT

3arpo.lKyBaJIO

IIaHyBaHHH

PycLKOMY i Ha

<pyiJH5l

Ocmpopoca

1648 p.,

noecmaHH5l

IIoKymmi

HapO)J,HO-BH3BOJihHY

OKpeMHX

rriB)J,Hi,

ciJI

MiCT,

Me11,o6opiB

MarnaTChKO-IIIJIHXeTChKi

IloJiyM'H

HBHO

MuKoJtu

HapoiJHe

BepeCHH,

3arraJiaJIH

eiiJ

HAH YKpai"Hu, eiiJiJiJt pyKonucie N2 225/11. - C. 197)

)J,BOpH.

IIIJIHXeTChKOrO rniTy B coT JiiTH€

cpi3He

(AHE

OccoJtiHCbKUX.

BKJIIOqHJIHCH rroBiTH.

KopoHHOi!O

aiJpecama

npo

XMe!lbHUlflfUHU

rjJ.

p0Th6y

niiJlfaUJoco

HeecmaHOBJteHoco

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

HapO)J,HOrO

rHiBy

IIOBHOMY

3HHmeHHIO

3eMJIHX

6o-

ujJii

cxo11,i

3aMKH, )J,HH

BoJI3hKOMY BO€BO)J,CTBax.

3aXi)J,HOyKpaiHChKHX

<J>op)J,eHh

IIOJihChKO3a Tphox-

IIOJihChKa

IIIJIHX-

imocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

ToM

IlpuKapnammR.

359

TB He 3HaJia rn:e TaKoro y)J,apy 3 6oKy cBolx rroHeBoJieHnx, rri)J,)J,aHHX CeJIHH

MiUJ:aH.

OrJIH)J, Bcix u;nx Hapo)J,HHX 3aBopyrneHh )J,ae MO.lKJIHBiCTh BH)J,iJIHTH lx y

TpH

rOJIOBHi

JlhBiBUJ:HHY

o;eHTpH,

HKi

OXOIIHJIH TepHTOpii raJIHIIhKOrO

IlpHKaprraTTH.

Han6iJihiii

rpi3He

BOrHHUJ:e

IIOBCTaJIHX

HapO)J,HHX

po3rOpHyJIOCH Ha raJIHIIhKOMY IlpHKaprraTTi )J,HJiaCH Ha rrpaBoMy 6epe3i ,UHicTpa i IIOJihChKO-yropChKO-MOJI)J,aBChKOrO Y

pOKH

HapO)J,HO-BH3BOJihHOI'

pp.

CeJIHHChKO-MiUJ:aHChKi

1655

II OKYTTi i

rrpHKaprraTChKe

BeJIH

OC06JIHBO BIIepTy

IIIJIHXOM

BiHHH

CKJia)J,aHHH

yKpaiHChKOrO

36pOHHi

BHCTYIIH

30Cepe)J,HJIHCh,

6yJio

6opOTh6y

CKapr

B.lKe

164 8-

IlpHKaprraTTi

rOJIOBHHM qHHOM, y

rri)J,rOTOBJieHe

)J,O

po3rop-

CHHTHHChKOMy, raJIHIIhKO-

IIOHeBOJieHi IIpOTH

BTeq.

Hapo)J,y

U:e cTaJiocn BHacJii)J,oK Toro,

pH)J,i CTapOCTe -

,UoJIHHChKOMY

TpHBaJiy

164 8 p.

cnraJia )J,O KaprraTChKHX rip, )J,O

KaJiyUJ:HHi.

ceJIHHCTBO

TaHHH KJiaCOBHX 60IB.

MaC

TepHTOpil, HKa 3HaXO-

rrorpaHHqqn.

Ha6paJIH Haii6iJihiiiOrO p03Maxy i )],BOX o;eHTpax rn:o

Ilo)J,iJIJIH,

KOpOJiiBChKi

CeJIHHH

KOpOJiiBChKOI a)J,MiHiCTpao;ii

Xoq

o;e

6yJIH

IIaCHBHi

lj>opMH

KJiaCOBOrO 0110py, BCe-TaKH BOHH M06iJii3yBaJIH MaCH CeJIHH Ha aHTHIj>eo)J,aJihHHH CaMe

orrip,

TYT

rrpoTnroM

XVI

MaiOqH 0110py y 3

pi3HHMH

lj>epMeHTyBaJIH

aKTHBHO

rreprnol

HapO)J,Hi 3

rroJIOBHHH

OllpHIIIKiBCTBi,

BepcTBaMH

.lKopcToKoro

6opoJIHCh

XVII

cT.

KaprraTChKi Mico;eBe

orrpHIIIKH

ceJIHHCTBo,

Ha6y JIO HaJie.lKHOrO )J,OCBi)J,y 6opOTh6H

eKcrrJiyaTaTopiB.

cou;iaJILHoro

3aBopyrneHHH.

IIIJIHXTOIO

IIparHyqn

BH3BOJIHTHCH

Hao;ioHaJILHo-peJiiriiiHoro

rHiTy,

Bi)J,

rrpHKap-

IIaTChKi CeJIHHH rn:e Harrepe)J,O)J,Hi BH3BOJihHOI BiHHH MpiHJIH rrpo o6'e)J,HaHHH 3 K03aKaMH )J,JIH crriJihHOI 6opoTL6H rrpoTH IIIJIHXTH. 3 IIpH6yTTHM K03aKiB y

164 8 p.

3axi)J,Hy YKpaiHY BOHH IIi)J,HHJIHCh Ha Bi)J,KpHTY

36pOHHY 6opOTh6y. B

6araToBiKoBiii

icTopil

3axi)J,HoyKpaiHchKHX

3eMeJih

qnMaJio

BH)J,aTHHX repOIB, HKi CB0€10 )J,iHJihHiCTIO BIIHCaJIH CJiaBHi CTOpiHKH B JiiTorrnc Hapo)J,HO-BH3BOJihHOI 6opoTL6n: Myxa, OJieKca ,UoB6yrn, IBaH EonqyK, 3aiiMae

JlyKiHH CeMeH

Ko6HJIHIIH

BncoqaH

iHrni.

BH)J,aTHHH

yKpaiHChKoro Hapo)J,y cepe)J,HHH XVII icTopnqHa TiJihKH

rrocTaTh,

)J,eKOJIH

Cepe)],

.lKaJIL,

3ra)J,y€ThCH

repoil

cT.

cJia6Ko rrpao;HX,

HHX

BH3BOJihHOI

Micu;e

6opoTL6H

icTopiorpalj>il IIH o;iKaBa

BHCBiTJieHa. UJ:O

HaJie.lKHe

IM'H

po3rJIH)J,aiOTh

BncoqaHa BH3BOJihHY

360

BoJtoiJuMup napo~y

Biilny yKpalncLKoro ~MeHHH i ~HTHHCTBO o~niil

Bonn IIHIIIYTh, IIIO nOH~apoBi,

y6nTH

MoJio~nil

niqoro ne Bi~oMo. Brreprne rrpo Hhoro y 1626 p. IIIJIHXTnqi

KOJIH

Eon~apoBChKi.

CyJIHTHllhKi

,roJIOCOM ~3BOHY rri~HHB

rnaT Bncoqan

IIIJIHXTnqa

TaTapaMH,

1646-1654 poKiB. Ilpo qac iloro napo-

3ra~yi0Th

cKapr

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

3iHIIIJIHCH,

HaKa3aB

CBO€MY

CeMy

CyJIHTHllhKoro".

CeM

pic

Ha6npaB

yMoBax

rrocTiilnol

~OCBi~y

BO€HHOrO

6opoTL6n

3 IIIJIHXTOIO

rrpaKTHKH,

Bi~irpaJIO

IIIO

3Haqennn B iloro Mai16yTniil ~iHJihHOCTi.

neMaJioBaMne

rri~~aHHX

CHHOBi

nacTyrrnnx

poKax 3BicTKH rrpo IrnaTa Bncoqana 3HHKaiOTh, a CeMeH 3 rroqaTKOM BH3BOJihHOI BiHHH

raMH

Hapo~HHH

1648 p. oqoJIHB

IIi~roTOBJiennil y

pyx B raJIHllhKiH 3eMJii.

BiilchKOBOMY Bi~nornenni, Bin 3 rreprnHMH rrepeMo-

BH3BOJihHOI 6oparh6H

IlpH~HiiipHHIIIHHi

MaHa XMeJihHHllhKOrO BCTyrrae B 6opOTh6y He qaMH,

a 3i BCi€10 IIIJIHXTOIO

Harrepe~o~ni

3eMJii

TYT ~iHJIH

raJIHllhKi

ChKHMH

~OCHTh

p03BHBaBCH OIIpHIIIKH

rro6paTHMaMn.

IIpOBO~OM

reTh-

raJIHllhKOI 3eMJii.

nau;ionaJihHO-BH3BOJihHOI

raJIHllhKiH

IIi~

3 OKpeMHMH IIIJIHXTH-

ceJIHHChKHH Oco6JIHBO

MOJI~aBChKHMH

CBOIMH

CeJIHHH

Biilnn

IIIHpOKO.

orrpHIIIKH

6yJIH

pyx

aKTHBHO 3aKaprraTy~apno10

Tie10

CHJIOIO, HKa IIi~ KepiBHHIITBOM ~OCBi~qenoro BaTalKKa MOr Jia rri~HHTH rroBcTaHHH xeTChKi

CBO€pi~Ha

JIHllhKY

Menrne

CaHOBHHKH. ariTau;iH

3eMJIIO.

Bee KiH

IIOCJiaHu;iB

3araJILHoro u;e

3eMJii

crrpHHJIO rri~

3arrepeqnTH capn

6iJihiiie

IloJihChKHH

IIH ariTau;iH rroqaJiaCH panirne

icTopnKH.

IlpHMHX

mo KOJIH i

u;i

rpyHT

a6o

JIHIIIe

Bncoqan

,rrpHrOTOBJieHHH,

3B'H3KH,

ramo

pyxy B

U:Loro ne

raJIHu;hMOMYTh

rrpHMO rrnrne,

,eMi-

rpynT

6iJILIIIe

IloKyTTH, Bi~

inrnnx 3~i6nnil

Inrni ~ocJii~HH

areHTH XMeJihHHllhKoro 3aHIIIJIH B u;eil Kpail,

~oKyMeHTiB

XMeJihHHllhKoro O~naK,

napo~noro

Bncoqana.

JlnrrHHChKHH

BncnrraJIHCh a

IIpoxacKa TBep~HTh,

iloMy B~aJiocn 3po6nTH 6iJILIIIe inrnnx".

KH TBep~HTh, 3HaHIIIJIH

3aXO~HJIH

HKi

IIIJIH-

IIOBCTaHHH

1646 p., T06TO Ha IIiBTOpa poKy

CeMena

TaK,

BH3HaBaJIH

pyxy.

IIIHpOKOMY p03BHTKY

KepiBHHIITBOM

HapOCTaHHIO

XMeJihHHllhKOrO,

3 KiHIIH

6yB nai16iJihiii Bi~rroBi~nnil,

CIIpHHJia

icTopnK AnTiH

BH3BOJihHoro

XMeJihHHllhKoro

macJIHBHil, i

Ha~~nirrpHHIIIHHi,

III,e

rrpo

3B'H3KH

caMHM

Ma6yTL,

Bi~IIOBi~HOrO

Bncoqana

reTLMaHoM

MaJIH

Micu;e,

rroKH

ocKiJihKH

KepiBHHKa". rrocJiaHIIHMH ne

pyx

BHHBJieno. ~ocnr

TYT

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

361

ToM

OC06JIHBOrO

p03BHTKy,

XMeJILHHllhKHii, mo6 rri,rtipBaTn IIIJIHXeTChKHH THJI, na)J,CHJiaB

pi3ni

Micu;e-

BOCTi CBOI K03arrhKi BmChKa. nJIHcKyqi

rrepeMorn

na)J, IIIJIHXTOIO na IIpn)J,nirrpHHIIIHHi i rri)J, IInJIHBIIHMH

)J,aJIH

MO.lKJIHBiCTh

reTLMany BHPYIIIHTH 3 Ko3arrhKHMH qacTHHaMH BOCeHH

1648 p. B 3axi)J,Hy

YKpalny. B

u;eil qac CeMeH Bn-

coqan, ,rrpOBO)J,ap ITOBCTaJIOI qepni", qoJii

BHCTyrrae

3Haqnoro

ITOBCTaHrriB.

3arony rrepiiiy

qepry )J,O CeMena Bnco-

HapoiJHuCi

no!lKoeoiJeu,b

XyiJoJICHUK

CeMeH

Muxau!lo

BucolfaH. qana rrpne)J,HyBaJiacn !1,pi6-

C/JicO!lb

Ha HKa

yKpaiHChKa

B HapO)J,HOMY pyci Bi)J,irpaJia 3Haqny pOJih,

IcaKOBa IIeTpO

MaTBiH

KnnrHHHllhKHH,

Eepe30BChKHH,

BerrhKHH,

PoiiiKOBHq,

ChKHH rycaK, ,Ui)J,nqa,

,UMHTpO

Eor)J,aH

TaTOMHp,

OJieKCaH)J,p

rpa6oBerrhKHH a

TaKO.lK

roJIHHChKHH

IIIJIHXTa,

30KpeMa IIIJIHXTHqi

AH)J,pin

Karap,

3 CHHaMH,

PoMaH

rpa6oroJIHH-

OJieKCaH)J,p roJIHHChKHH MaKorin, rpnrrh rpa6oBerrhKHH

rpnropin

YrepHHllhKHH,

Jlecb

Eepe30BChKHX,

rpa6oBerrhKHX

)KypaBChKHX. Bci

BOHH

HKHMH i BOHH

CTaBaJIH

6JIH.lKqHMH IIITa6.

rrpn6yJIH

Ta6ip

Bncoqana

rpyrraMH

rrepe)J, THM 6opOJIHCH rrpOTH IIIJIHXTH.

TaK,

COTHHKaMH,

copaTHHKaMH !1,pi6nnil

a)J,'IOTaHTOM i

ITOJIKOBHHKaMH, ITOMiqnnKaMH

IIIJIHXTnq Jlech

IIIelj>oM IIITa6y"

ciJihChKi

CBHilleHHKH,

3aHHHJIH

CTapiiiHHChKi

HKi

MaJIH

ITOCa)J,H.

Eepe30BChKHH

BeJIHKHH

a )J,eHKi 3 HHX 6yJIH HaHCeMeHa,

Bncoqana.

ITOBCTaJIHX,

llicJIH BCTYITY B Ta6ip

BXO)J,HJIH cTaB

CIO)J,H rrpHMKHYJIH

BITJIHB

noro

,roJIOBHHM i )J,eHKi

Ha ITOBCTaJii MaCH,

362

BoJtoiJuMup

CeMeH B

Micmi

AKTHBHY HOBHe

qaH

BncoqaHa,

CXO)J,i

UJ:HHH

HKOI

IIaHyBaHHH.

OCHOBHHX

CHJI

HailroJIOBHiiiiHH 6yTTH

MiiiHOI

U:e i

CBOH

MaJIO

6e3IIeKH MOMeHT

Mirn:aHH.

raJIHIIhKHX

apTHJiepiH,

IIOBCTaJIHX 6yB B

rriBHoqi

CTaJIO

IIpoTe,

oc-

ceJIHH.

Maroqn

rrparropH,

Bnco-

ciJI.

)J,iHJIH

0T.lKe,

OCHOBHHX IIOBCTaHu;i

Bi)J,

)J,iHJihHOCTi y

rriB)J,Hi -

0THHiiO

3BiJihHeHi

paiiTOBOrO

lj>opTeu;i

3aXO)J,i

HeMaJIOBa.lKHe

MiCTO

BHIIa)J,KOBHM

u;eHTpi

IIiB)J,eHHOMY

6iJihiiiOCTi

IIOKYTChKOI

ropo)J,eHKiBUJ:HHH,

ripChKHX i

TaKo.lK

ramaJteBUlf

IIIJIHXTOIO.

CTOHHKY

KopiiiiBUJ:HHH

iHIIIHX

3HaXO)J,HJiaCh

3a60JIOTiBUJ:HHH,

IIOBCTaHHHM

HaBiTh

CTOJIHIIeiO

raJIHqHHH.

B3HJIH

CKJia)J,aJiocn

BiHHY

0THHiH

pyxy

OXOIIJieHi ChKOrO

MupocJtaB

OCHOBHY

BHHUJ:HHH

XMe!lbHUlflfUHU

6y Jia

u;eHTpOM,

HOrO

JIHHChKOrO

Fa!lUU,bKOf XyiJOJICHUK

rroBcTaHHi

CIIpaB.lKHIO

roJIOBHHM Bn6ip

HapaiJi

1648 poKy.

apMil BncoqaHa

apMiiO,

rroqaB

BOCeHU

yqacTh

H)J,po

BeJIHKY

BucolfaH

OmuHif

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

IIJiaHaX

BOrHHUJ:

ce-

TJiyMaqqnHH, -

,UeJIHTHHCoJIOT-

OToqyBaJIH

paHOHH,

Bi)J,

IIOJihChKO-IIIJIHXeT-

Haiia)J,y

CeMeHa

0THHiH.

IIOBCTaJii

3HaqeHHH

IlHiB'l.

)J,JIH

36epe.lKeH-

IIIJIHXTH.

BncoqaHa

U:n

lj>opTeiiH,

3)J,03aKJia-

ImocmpoeaHa

CeMeH B

icmopi5l IlpuKapnammR.

BucolfUH

noxiiJ

ToM

noecmaHU,5lMU

IlHiBCbKUU

3aMOK

363

eupyuwe

1648 p.

BOCeHU

CBOef

CfflO!lUU,i

XyiJo:HCHUK

OmuHif

!cop .aepKalf

XVI cT. MarHaTaMH KyporraTBaMn, HaJie.lKaJia, 3a TBep)J,.lKeH-

)J,eHa B

HHM )J,eHKHX icTopnKiB, 11,0 ,Hai16iJihiii 3a6e3rreqeHnx 3aMKiB Ha Pyci". B

1621

poKaX

<J>opTe£110

BOHa

6yJia

XVII

rroJIOBHHi

CHJihHO

3HHIIIHJIH orrpHIIIKH.

Bi)J,HOBJieHa cT.

rrepe11,

3Miu;HeHa )1,0

BHHHKHeHHHM

HaHCHJihHiiiiOIO TBep)J,HHeiO Ha IloKyTTi". 3aJIOrH CBOIM pyxy

lj>opTeu;i B MaHHOM.

AJie

TOrO

B HacTyrrHnx

CTyiieHH,

CTaHicJiaBa

IIIO

3aJIHIIIHJiacn

Ili)J, 3aXHCT MypiB i )J,06pol

qac He6e3IIeKH XOBaJiaCH )J,OBKOJIHIIIHH IIIJIHXTa 3i

u;iil

lj>opTeu;i

IIi)],

THCKOM

IIIHpOKOrO

HapO)J,HOrO

164 8 p. HarpoMa)J,HJIOCH 6araTO raJIHllhKOI IIIJIHXTH.

KoJIH rri11, y11,apaMH oKpeMnx 3aroHiB BncoqaHa rra)J,aJIH pi3Hi MicTa <J>opTeu;i, roHH

IlHiB 3aJIHIIIHBCH HerropyiiiHHM:

IIOBCTaJIHX

BncoqaH

Mir

CHJii

6yJIH

HOrO

3aJIHIIIHTH

IlHiB

oKpeMi po3rropoiiieHi 3a-

3)J,06yTH.

crroKol,

,I(o6pHH

THM

6iJILIIIe,

CTpaTer IIIO

BiH

3arpo.lKyBaB iloMy 3 THJiy. ToMy BncoqaH 3i CB0€10 apMieiO rri)J,cTyrrae rri3Ho BoceHH rri11, IlHiB. IIIJIHXTa

o6opoHHJiach,

IIIJIHXTa 3 bOJieXOBa,

06Jiora TpnBaJia )J,eKiJILKa TH.lKHiB. Iii

aJie,

)J,OIIOMory

HaBiTh

CrroqaTKY

rrocrriiiiHJia

JiicaMH

rro6aqHBIIIH rrepeBary IIOBCTaHu;iB, IIOBep-

364

BoJtoiJuMup

CeMeHoM

3iJo6ymm5l

3aMKY

BUCOlfUHGM

XyiJOJICHUK HyJia.

He3Ba.lKaroqn

IIOBCTaJIHMH HaHOCHTh rraTBa MOry

BH)J,HO,

Bi)J,HOBJieHHH

p03Mipi

)J,.lKepeJiaM, CBOIO

1000

Mir

ChKHii-EapaHellhKHH

o6JIOrH

Bi)J,ciq,

IIIO

qacTHHH,

XMeJihHHllhKOrO

BncoqaH

IIIO

KOJIH

IIO)J,BiHHHH

HKi,

r.)

rroqyB,

6opoTL6i

rrpaB)J,OIIO)J,i6Ho, CIO)J,H

Kypo-

IIIJIHXTH

)J,OIIO-

Bcyrrepeq

He3Ba.lKaroqn TaK,

IIIJIHXTa

CHJIH

6iJih-

roTyBaBCH opraHi3ye

Bi)J,CTYIIHB".

BeJIHKi

OcTaiiieB-

)J,eCHTHKpaTHO 3)J,06yTH

IIIO

BOrOHh

IleTpO

iCTOpHKH,

BncoqaH,

BncoqaH

lcTOpHK

BncoqaHa,

IllaCJIHBo".

BH3BOJihHiil

rrpn6yJIH

raJIHllhKOI

,MHMO

,He3Ba.lKaroqn

o6opoHHBCH

1668

IIOJihChKi

IIIO

CeMeH

IlHiBChKHH 3aMOK

IlHiBChKOI <J>opTeu;i.

(IlHiB'H

JIHXiB", B

60 Bi)J,

,UeHKi

)J,OKa3aTn,

IIHIIIe,

rrniiie,

IIIJIHXTH, 3)J,06yBa€

O)J,ep.lKy€

3)J,o6yTn

IIOIIaCTH

3aMoK

XapaKTepHo, K03allhKi

iforo

,BHrOJIO)J,HTH

qoJIOBChKHH

orrip

3HaqHOI IIIKO)J,H,

3JIOTHX.

Hai16iflbU10i!O

rjJopmeu,i.

ramaJteBUlf

K03aKiB"

IIOTpalj>HB iforo".

II060HBCH

IlHiBChKHH

3arreKJIHH

HaMaraiOThCH

rrepeBary,

IIIHX CHJI He )1,0

liHiBCbKOf

MupocJtaB

,3a )J,OIIOMOrOIO

HOMy,

)J,JIH B

1648 poKy

BOCeHU

IIpuKapnammi

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

)J,OIIOMOry

BncoqaHy 3a

)J,OIIOMaraJIH

BKa3iBKOIO

IIOBCTaJIHM.

CaMoro

ImocmpoeaHa KpiM

icmopi5l

IlHiB'n,

TOIIhKHX.

IlpuKapnammR.

K03aKH

JliTOIIHCellh

3)J,o6yJIH

€3yrriJIL,

CaMOBH)J,ellh

,K03aKH KOJIO raJIHqa

cJ>opTe£110

IIOBi)J,OMJIH€,

3aMKH 3)J,06yJIH,

3a Ha)J,BipHOIO 3)J,o6yJIH".

365

ToM

IIIO

PaKoqi,

Bi)J,MiqaB,

IIIO

rop

KaTyiOTh II".

,Ha6erH

raJIHIIhKHH

K03a£1KHe

qHHHTh

icTOpHK A.

pacrrpOCTpaHHJIHCh

IleTpyiiieBHq

)J,aMe

YIIIeJIHH

KaprraTCKHx".

IIicJIH 3)J,o6yTTH IlHiB'n Ta iHIIIHX cJ>opTellh Bi

MarHaT MHKOJia Oc,HKi IIpOBOMaJIH IIOCJiiB

IIOBepTaiOThCH Bi)J, MOJI)J,aBChKHX KOp)J,OHiB i IIIJIHXTH,

BHcJiiB ,KOJIO raJIHqa 3aMKH 3)J,o6yJIH" CBi)J,-

164 8 p. IIHCaB, IIIO K03aKH,

B6HBCTBa

IIo-

164 8

MiM iHIIIHMH IlHiBChKHH 3aMOK

qHTh rrpo 3)J,o6yTTH K03aKaMH if iHIIIHX 3aMKiB. Tpopor 19 rpy)J,HH

MarHaTiB

BOCeHH

BHcoqaHa CTaJIO BeJIHKi

)J,JIH

MaCH

BMe BaMKO BHCTyiiaTH

Hapo)J,y

3a6e3rreqeHHH

6yJIH

rrepeiiOHOIO

36po€10

xapqaMH

15-THcnqHoMy 3aroHo-

€)J,HHOIO B

KOJIOHOIO.

IIIBH)J,KHX

HeJierKo

orrepau;inx,

6yJio

opraHi3yBaTH

o6o3H. KpiM u;Loro,

Ha Micu;nx Tpe6a 6yJio

3aKpirrHTH rrepeMory

3 u;i€10

MeTOIO MaTH y)J,apHi 3arOHH IIOBCTaJIHX Ha qoJii 3 OKpeMHMH KepiBHHKaMH. BpaxoByiOqH o6cTaHOBKY, y)J,apHi

rpyiiH

IIOBCTaJii

IIOBCTaJIHX,

3arOHH

BHcoqaH BHCHJiaB B )J,OBKOJIHIIIHi pailoHH

HKi

MiCIIHX

ToBMaqqHHi,

opraHi3yBaJIHCH

06epTHHIIIHHi,

6iJihiiii

,UeJIHTHHIIIHHi

3a60JIOTiBIIIHHi.

TOBMAqqllHA, OEEPTllH]__QllHA, 3AEOJIOTIB]__QllHA Y IIOBCTAHHI CEMEHA BllCQqAHA

® Pyx

a)J,iHHOIO orropo10 y rroBcTaHHi CeMeHa BHcoqaHa cTaJia ToBMaqqHHa. Ky,

Haif6iJihiii

po3rroqaBcn

CTapOCTBa.

Hapo)J,He

BacHJih

p03BHHYJIOCH

caMoMy

MicTi

BepecHi-JIHCTOIIa)J,i

ToBMaqi

u;eHTpi

1648

ToBMaiiLKoro

Cepe)], BeJIHKOI KiJihKOCTi IIOBCTaJIHX BH)J,iJIHIOThCH rOJIOB-

Hi rrpoBi)J,HHKH pyxy CJiaBiTa,

MiqHHKH -

3aBopyiiieHHH TYT po3rroqaJiocn me BJiiT-

CaBKa, JlaBep Cepac)>iH, AHiJ,piil BepoHChKHil,

KoH)J,paT

.HpeMKO,

Ko3illhKHil,

ropHJiellhKHH,

CTerraH

6paTH

QHpyJiiK

BacHJih i

Ta lx rro-

IleTpO MeJihHH-

366

BoJtoiJuMup

KH,

cBnrn:enHK

OJierni,

CBHUJ:eHHK qeBara, i

IlaBJio,

6paT

.HpeMKa,

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

cBnrn:enHK

IIanKo,

raBpHJIO MeJihHHK, BiBqap, BacHJih ran)J,yK, Ilpou;

<l>e)J,ip, CHHH neJI30IIIHIIIHHi, Bci 3 ToBMaqa.

roJIOBHHM rrpOBO)J,HpeM

cTaB .HpeMKO IIorroBnq 3 ToBMaqa, HKoro B )J,MepeJiax naiiMeHOBYIOTh coTHHKOM,

a TaKoM

ToBMallhKi

rroJIKOBHHKOM,

ceJIHHH

copaTHHKOM

opranhoByBaJIH

3arin

CeMena

Bncoqana.

K03allhKHM

3pa3KOM

po3rroqaJIH aKTHBHY 6opoTL6y 3 IIIJIHXTOIO i

open)J,apHMH, IM na )J,orro-

Mory

IIpH6yJIH

COTHHKaMH,

CeJIHHH

HKHX

AM6poMHKa

HaBKOJIHIIIHiX

o6paJIH

LKnBaqeBa,

CBOIX

KOJIH

IloKyTTi ,HeMaJIO o6paJIOCH

ciJI

CBOIMH

pa)J,aX.

rri)J,HHJiocn

3a CTapiiiHX".

CTapiiiHMH

CBi)J,qeHHHM

napo)J,He

BacHJIH

rroBcTaHHH

Qe 6yJIH COTHHKH KpOIIOC

3 KynarneBa, JiiTyc 3 06epTHHa, OJieKca qeBa)J,LKa 3 OJierni i .HpeMKO IIorroBnq 3 ToBMaqa. )J,O

ce6e

MaJii

Bonn HK napo)J,Hi BaTaMKH-COTHHKH ,3i6paJIH

Kyrrn"

rroBcTaJIHX

ceJIHH

cBnrn:enHK

BacHJih,

KepiBHHK IIOBCTaJIHX MaC B qnni IIOJIKOBHHKa AIIIKHTHq-oTaMaH, AIIIKHTHqiB, UJ:HH, JIHH,

KJIHM

MnxaiiJio AniJ,pyc

OJieKciB

Eopnc,

CHH,

Kon)J,paT,

BoHTOH

Ilopir,

qepeMxiBChKHil,

IBaH

CTeu;

AniJ,pyciB

Ea6'nK,

Kyrnnip,

rperop

MaTiHIIIiB,

CTerranKo,

RKiB,

IBaH

TBax,

ArnKyJia,

OJieKca,

OO)J,Hap, MnxaiiJio

RKiB

Tpyrn:n-

ToJihKO

AniJ,pyciB

<l>iJih,

rpHHh-

AHiJ,pyc

KiceJinqKa,

ArnKy-

cnn,

Ky3aH,

ron,

RKiB

,I(HBiq

Typqnn,

<l>e)J,ip Jincnil, TnMoc IlyTyJiax, !BanKo IlaHLKo, KaprriB MaKCHM Bopo6eu;L, <l>e)J,eqKo Kypnc,

IBaH CoBa,

ceJia

qeBara

03epnnn,

MaKCHM

rperop ,I(y)J,yJih, .HpeMa ryu;Ka 3 THTYJIOM

rroJIKOBHHKa,

cBnrn:enHK

CeMen, RKiB oTaMan, CKyqKo, OJieKca qeBara, IBaH CnnnqKa, MaTBiil roJIOBanqaK, BacHJih qeBara, Mau;HeCHH Cnnnqnn, IBaH MaxTnq, CeprH MaxTnq, AHTOH KoryTHK, KiB 3HTh TpoXHM, .HpeMKO

raBpHJIO, KoryTHKiB 3HTh, Xap,

rperop, JleBKiB CHH, IBaH rpa)J,a,

HeKpeMrna,

Mau;LKO

KarrTaneu;L,

CTec)>an

TaTapnneu;L, BacHJih qaiiKa, <l>e)J,ip, RKoBu;iB, Tpnyc, Ilex,

CaBKa A6paMiBKHH, RKiB

MarnKoBeu;L,

BacHJih U:nra,

BacHJih

KoryTH-

BacHJih CnirypKa, IIorroBnq,

CeMeH

IlHJIHII RKoBu;iB, CeMeH

Mac, JleBKO Myxa,

MarnKoBeu;L,

<l>e)J,ip

rpHHh

qyxapT,

TBaH

CiBpyc, rapaCHM nHqKo, IlaHhKO IlpHByrn:aK, IOpKO EpHH)J,3eil, raBpHH CTapnil, Kyrnnip, illeBqHK

CTerraH

.HpeMKiB,

Ban)J,yJiiH

3HTh,

OTaMaH, IBaH

IBaH

CBHUJ:eHHK

BacHJih

noqaK,

Pe)J,hKO

0JihXOBellhKHH,

CeneBnqiB,

,Unnnc

noqaK,

CeneBnqiB JlpeMa

AHiJ,pyc

rpHllh

ceJia

roJIOBaqiB,

CHH

36irJIHH,

CTerraH

CenqnKiB, MaKCHM

IOpKiB, OJierni,

raBpHIII IlaBJIO

,I(eMKO,

Ilpou;h,

<l>e)J,ip

HeMu;iB,

MeJihHHK,

<l>e)J,ip

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

KopoH 3 ceJia

rpyiiiKH;

THIIIHH,

€BHO,

KorrHCTHIIIHHa

ran)J,yK,

MnxanJio

HHK i

KorrHCTKa-oTaMaH, CHH,

rpe)J,eJIHK,

IBaH

CBHUJ:eHHK,

BacHJih

<l>e)J,ip

EopHKOBHq,

3anqnK 3 ceJia

Korrnc-

niJIHK

EopTHHKiB,

ciM CeJIHH 3 CeJia Ha)J,OpO.lKHOI, )J,Ba OTaMaHH

HHKaMH i3 ciJI

BiK.

367

ToM

IBaH-

CBHUJ:e-

3 )J,BOMa CBHUJ:e-

ropHrJIH)J, i ,UoJIHHH.

145 qoJio-

3araJihHOMY 3arin rroBcTaJIHX ToBMaqqnnn naJiiqyBaB HnMH KepyBaJin, HK BH)J,HO 3 aKTiB, cTapiiinnn:

BacHJih, rroJIKOB-

HHK 3 03epnn, MaKCHM qeBara, rroJIKOBHHK 3 OJieiiii, oTaMaH IlaBJIO illeBqHK 3 rpyiiiKH, OTaMaH KorrHCTKa 3 EopTHHKiB. KepyBaB

rpoMa)J,OIO

Mirn:annn

.HpeMKO

CBOrO

CeJia.

IIorroBnq

3araJibHe

Ko.lKHHn OKpeMO

KepiBHHIITBO

3)J,inCHIOBaB

ToBMaqa.

036poennn 3arin 3 xopyrBaMH i

MY3HKOIO rri)J, rrpoBO)J,OM napo)J,noro

rroJIKOBHHKa .HpeMKa IIorroBnqa rriiiioB rroxo)J,OM na IIIJIHXeTChKHn 3aMoK B CeJii IlaJiarnqax. JIHX.

IIo-rrepiiie,

U:en HaCTYII He 6yB BHIIa)J,KOBHM y IIJiaHaX IIOBCTa-

TYT

naBKOJIHIIIHH

IIIJIHXTa

KaTOJIHllhKe )J,yxiBHHIITBO

3axoBaJIH rrepe)J, ne6e3rreKoiO BeJIHKe Manno, rro-)J,pyre, neo6xi)J,HO 6yJio 3)J,o6yTn 3aMoK, rn:o6 3a6e3rreqnTH ce6e Bi)J, parrToBoro i necrro)J,iBanoro y)J,apy 3 THJiy. rHllhKHn,

IloBCTaHu;i 3)J,06yJIH IlaJiarHllhKHn 3aMOK. 3i3nae

yqacnnK

3)J,06yJIH, THX (IIIJIHXTY -

,Han6iJihiiie

rroxo)J,y

BacHJih

AM6po.lKHK,

B. r.), UJ:O B HhOMY 6yJIH, IIOB6HBaJIH, )J,06po,

HK cpi6Jio i 30JIOTo, rpoiiii Haiia)J,i

u;Loro

,3aMOK IlaJia-

IIIKi)J,"

rn:o TaM 6yJio 3 )J,o6pa, 3a6paJin". B llhOMY CIIpHqHHHJIH

IIIJIHXTi

yqacHHKH IIOBCTaHHH

ropnrJIH)J, i ,UoJIHHH. A Manna TYT 6yJio 3aXOBaHO qnMaJIO. KaTOJIHllhKHn rrapox ToBMaqa CTanicJiaB TpycKaJihOBChKHn 3axoBaB 3aMKY

Manno

ToBMallhKOrO KOCThOJia Ha

IlaJiarnu;LKOMY

2000 3JIOTHX,

IIIJIHXTHq

10000 3JIOTHX.

Mapu;inn CeJiellhKHn 3 06epTana cTpaTHB Manna na

IlaJiarnqiB 3ariH IIOBCTaHu;iB IIOBepHyBCH )1,0 MiCTa ToBMaqa.

,Uo

,Kyrrn" IIOBCTaJIHX IIpH€)J,HaJiaCH !1,pi6Ha yKpaiHChKa IIIJIHXTa 3 lcaKOBa ,MoTiHIII

KnHrHHHllhKHn,

Eor)J,aH

rpa6oBellhKHn,

cnnaMn, IleTpo Eepe30BChKHn, ,UMnTpo TaToMnp,

)J,Ba

CBOIMH

a 3 HHMH neMaJio

iHIIIOI IIIJIHXTH". B

ToBMaqi rroBcTanu;i 3HHUJ:HJIH KaTOJIHllhKHn KOCThOJI i lj>iJILBapoK

KaTOJIHllhKoro rrapoxa CTanicJiaBa TpycKaJihOBChKoro. 3HaXO)J,HMO rrapKaH

lliKaBi )J,aHi

6iJIH

6apnKa)J,y,

KOCThOJia

a6n

rrpo Te, 3

MorJIH Jieriiie

IIIJIHXeTChKi )J,Bopn",

crraJIHJIH

UJ:O

HhOrO

IIOBCTaHu;i y ,IIOCTaBHJIH

,rrepenMaTH )J,Bip

II eTpa

)J,OKyMeHTax

ToBMaqi po3i6paJIH Be.lKy",

rroJIHKiB",

CBOrO

po)J,y

,nai.lK)J,.lKaJIH na

0 cTpOBChKoro,

caM oro

368

BoJtoiJuMup

rrarra

B6HJIH

ryMHO

Jiici.

3HHIIIHJIH,

KoprnoBi

Xy)J,o6y i

BCe

)J,Bip

Manno,

rrarra

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

TnJiillhKoro

HKe TaM

6yJio,

crraJIHJIH,

3a6paJIH.

36ponrre IIOBCTaHHH B ToBMaqi BHniiiJIO 3a MeMi CTapOCTBa, rroqaJIO

IIIHpHTHCH

rroBcTarru;i

3aXOIIJIIOBaJIH 6opOTh6y Ha

iHIIIi

TepHTOpil.

BHCJIOBOM

IIIJIHXeTChKe

CeJIHHChKi

TaKy

Manno,

aKTHBi3yBaJIH

aKTHBHY

CHJIY

6 opoTL6i

CeMeH

Bncoqarr i

IlpoBi)J,HHKH TOBMallhKOI ,Kyrrn",

IIorroBnq

Bncoqarra i ,Upyre

irrrni

6paJIH

Borrrnme

noro

aHTHc)>eo)J,aJihHY

IIIJIHXTOIO

30KpeMa,

copaTHHKH

aKTHBHY yqacTh rroBcTaJIHX

HiX ciJI KaM'nrrKH i i3 KaM'nrrKH -

BKJIIOqHB BCIO rpyrry IIOBCTaJIHX y

3Haqrra

LKyKoBa.

rra

orropa

3BeprryB

yBary

CBOIO IIOBCTarrqy

IIOJIKOBHHK JlpeM-

BBiniiiJIH

rroxo11,i

rnyBaJIOCh B OKOJIHIIHX MiCTa 06epTHHa.

rrnn,

yqacHHKa,

MaCH.

apMiiO. KO

CaMoro

,rrarra)J,aJIH rra II OKYTTi rra IIIJIHXeTChKi )J,Bopn, rraJIHJIH IX",

IIITa6

CeMerra

IIrriB'n-cJ>opTeo;w. Bncoqarra

po3Ta-

IloBCTaHo;i BHniiiJIH i3 cyci)J,-

Han6iJILIIIa rpyrra

rroBcTaJIHX rroxo)J,HJia

BinT IOpKo 3 cnrroM IBarroM, IleTpo Kyrnrrip, rrpncnM-

BacHJih ,U3ora, ,I(MHTpO

IlpHCHMHHn

3 CHHOM,

noBChKHn 3 )J,BOMa 3HTHMH, ,UeM'HH Kyrnrrip,

CBHmeHHK

BJioco;iK,

Ka)J,i-

rpHHhKO pi3HHK

3 CHHOM Ky3hMOIO, <l>e)J,ip 3eceT BoJihK, BacHJih TKaq, IlaHhKO rpno;hKiB BaHTOH,

CHH

IBarra

BeJiirypKH,

IBaH JiornoBnq,

IJihKO

niJIHIIaH,

ToMa

EyrrTHK, IIecKiJio MaTinrn, CeMeH <l>e)J,LKiB, MocKBa ,Uyi1,3HK, MnxanJio IleTpacqnK i ,6araTo irrrnnx 3 MicTeqoK". OqoJIHB u;en pyx rrpaBocJiaBrrnn CBHmeHHK i noro CHH rpnra 3 LKyKOBa.

Birr 3a )J,OIIOMOrOIO CBOIX

rroMiqrrnKiB-ceJIHH 3anqnKa, oTaMarra KorrncTKH, qepeBaTHM

AM6poci€M

Borno6nnHHKOM

a TaKoM 3 KyrnrripoM

,rri)J,rrecJIH

rrparropn"

rro-

BCTarrrrn, 3)J,o6y JIH i 3HHIIIHJIH )J,Bip IIIJIHXTnqa OJieKcarr)J,pa KypiJ,HBarroBcLKoro. ChKoro

HanroJiocrrirnnM 3aMKY

MiCTi

aKTOM

06epTHHi.

paiiTOBO HaiiaJIH Ha 3aMOK Jia

HaBKOJIHIIIHH

IIIJIHXTa;

3a6paJIH pi3rre 36iMMH. -

3 KiHhMH,

po3ropo)J,HJIH,

6yJio

3)J,o6yTTH

IIIJIHXeTIIOBCTaHo;i

3aXOIIHJIH BeJIHKe Manno, HKe TYT 3aXOBa3

BHKOIIaJIH

qoTHpH

CKpHHi

,B Kirru;i 3aixaJIH B ryMrro, -

Haro)J,yBaJIH IX, rro36npaJIH

Mio;rroro

1648

MOBTHH

p03KHHYJIH

)J,OIIIKH,

rroiJIH

OBec, CBHHi

nqMiHh, i3

peqaMH,

3arrncarro B aKTi,

ceJia.

ropox, Ha

IIJIOTH

ocTaToK,

qoro He 3a6paJIH Ha CBOI B03H 3 KOMOp i CIIiMaprri, CIIaJIHJIH y )J,BOpi". li)KaBo, mo yqacTh y IX

MiHKH

BJiaCHHK

11,iTn. Ma€TKY

llhOMY rracTyrri 6paJIH rre JIHIIIe qoJioBiKH, aJie n

HacTyrr

MapTinrr

rra

3aMoK

CeJiellhKHn

6yB Jie)J,Be

rracTiJihKH

parrTOBHM,

3Mir BTeKTH 11,0

IIrriB'n.

ImocmpoeaHa ,BI,I(

icmopi5l

BChOro

IIOTeprriJIHH, MiHKa

MOH

IlpuKapnammR.

BTiK,

IIHIIIe

TiJihKH TiJihKH

BepXH,

369

ToM

KOJIHCKOIO

i )J,iThMH Jie)J,Be MHBa BTeKJia )1,0 IlHiB'n". TicHo

B3a€MO)J,iHJIH

MallhKHMH HH

CeJIHHH

cKap3i IIIO y

IIOBCTaHIIHMH

,I(eJIHTHHIIIHH.

OJieKcaH)J,pa

3arrncaHo,

IlhOMY IIOKYTChKOMY KpaiO

3i6paBcn

3HaqHnil

BXO)J,HJIH:

,cBHIIIeHHK

KepiBHHK MiiiiaHH

3ariH.

MnxaJieBnq,

pOTOBa", i ToBMaqa,

BeJie3iBChKHil, Ileu;JIOIIIHH,

<l>e)J,HK

KyiiiHip,

iHIIIi ,3 MiCTa ,I(o66araTO iHIIIHX 3 CeJia

raBpHIIIHOI B)J,OBH CHH,

MaTBiil ,Uepqa, AHiJ,piil, JIOHoro 3HTh, peqnH

PyiJ,HH, 3

,I(eJIHTHHa,

CMiraHoB,

XBOCTHK" i

CIO)J,H

AHiJ,piil

MiCTa

IBach

<l>e)J,ip

u;iB

TOBMiiu;a-

TnMKO,

IIpnc-

3HTh ,U e-

ceJia JlaHqnHa, IIo6epeMHHK

CBOIM

KocTh

MixaJih-

CHHOM,

IIorroBnq, IIpoKirr ,UaHeu;L, Jly-

CeJl5lH

IIHK

iJBip

ceJia

KpacHa,

KHnrHHHIIhKHil,

IBaH

noecma;zux

Hacmyn

rpnHellh

CoJITHH

.aeJl5lfflUHU(UHU

XyiJOJICHUK

CepeHqnK,

naHCbKUU

B KH5lJICiJBopi BOCeHU MupocJlaB

1648 p.

ramaJleBUlf

MaKCHM illeBqeHKO 3 ceJia II 'n)J,HKH, rpnropiil 0TaMaH 3 ceJia PaKiBqnK

iHIIIi.

IloBcTaJii B

qac

.H6JioHChKoro rrepe)J,

rri)J,

pyx

li)KaBHM

KpacHiM,

rHiBOM,

HacTiJihKH

BOHH IIOBTiKaJIH

Ma€TKH.

rrpoBO)J,OM

AHiJ,pin

3aBopyiiieHHn"

ceJii

HapO)J,HHM

Hapo)J,HHH IIIO

Macn

,Ko3aiiLKoro

rri)J,

TYT

IIHM

,UeJIHTHHChKOI BOJIOCTeil

HKHH

yTiK

CBHIIIeHHKa

CIO)J,H

,UeJIHTHHa

OJieKcaH)J,pa

IIpaBo6epeMMH

rrepeXOByBaBCH.

rrepeJIHKaB

IlOJihiiiY i

HarraJIH Ha IIIJIHXTnqa

)J,OBrO

orJIH)J,OM

IIIJIHXTHqa

€

IIIJIHXTnqiB

,UeJIHTHHIIIHHH,

60HJIHCH IIOBepTaTHCH B JIHCT

EBapHCTa

BJiaCHHKa

CBOI

TypKiBChKOI

neJI3ellhKOro )1,0

CBOIX

370

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopia

AN2Mb KcepoKoniR CKJlaiJ

IlpUTwpnamma.

fAcAmAf/ 3

aKmoeof

ce!l5lH-noecmaHu,ie

fBaHiBeU,b,

5lKi

HanaflU

£o<utif

KHUcu

i3 Ha

ToM

cifl

]Ki-£0

utfl5lxmu'ia KHR:J~CiJeopa,

naHCbKUU,

iJeip y

371

Ill,U( A.ab6epma

%/< Ac jfutyAY HacepoBCbKOco

KHR:J~CiJeipKu,

KH5l:JICiJBopi

ToeMa'iuKa

BOCeHU

npo ma

1648 poKy

372

BwwiJuMup

)J,OBipeHnx.

BiH

Fpa6oeeU,bTWU

16 9 4 poKy rrniiie JIHeTa 3 KpaKoBa eBO€MY

eiqHi

HaMieHHKY B Ma€TKY, a TaK01K 3BepTa€TheH )1,0 eBHUJ:eHHKiB, OTaMaHiB, )J,eeHTHHHHKiB, rro6epe1KHHKiB,

B HKOMY KOHeTaTy€, UJ:O

,pa)J, 6n 6yTH

3 HHMH B THX qaeax, KOJIH BOHH Bi)J, eBOIX eyei)J,iB i qy1KHX eBaBiJihHHX JIIO)J,eH 6yJIH o6TH1KeHi, IIIe

rroBepHyTnen,

IIOBepHyB

erroKiH

neJI3ellhKHH eJiyr

aJie qepe3 KOpOJiiBehKY eJiy1K6y He Mir paHi-

,KOJIH

B1Ke

BehOMY

eBaBOJIH

BHMyiiieHO TBep)J,HTh:

IIi)J,)J,aHHX

3arHHYJIO,

rrpn)J,yiiieHa

rraH

Eor

Kpaw".

aJie

,IIIKO)J,yiO,

UJ:O

B1Ke

001Ka,

BOJIH

MeHi TaK

6araTO

Tpy)J,HO

6yJIO

eorrpOTHBJIHTHeH, MyeHTh Bee IIiTH B 3a6yTOK, TO Tpe6a 3HaTH, UJ:O TO 3a

rpixn

rraH

Eor

rroKapaB".

Han6iJihiii aKTHBHOIO il y)J,apHoiO enJioiO y rroBeTaHHi CeMeHa BneoqaHa 6yJIO HaeeJieHHH 3a60JIOTiBUJ:HHH, p03MiUJ:eHOI B IIiB)J,eHHO-eXi)J,HOMY

HaiipHMi

Bi)J,

0THHii

BeTaHu;iB.

eTOJIHIIi

IIOBeTaHehKOrO

B01K)J,H

IloKyTTH.

164 8 poKy TYT opraHhyBaBen 3HaqHnil 3ariH rro-

IIpoTnroM BepeeHH

3a KiJihKieTIO

aKTHBHieTIO Hai16iJihiii

Bi)J,pi3HHJIHeH

MiUJ:aHH

i eeJIHHH 3a6oJIOTOBa i ny)J,ypHa, KoeTpH3, JloBep, eHH 3aiiieBHH, Mieh i3

CBo6o)J,n,

)J,aHHMH

.Hu;Ko

IIIJIHXTnqa

KoeTpH3, CTaHieJiaBa

IBaH

KyiiiHip

3 MieTa

EapaHeiiLKoro,

3a6oJioToBa.

Harra)J,i

KpexiBu;i

6paJio yqaeTh ,rrpn6JIH3HO 50" 3a6oJioTiBehKHX eeJIHH. RKUJ:O BpaxyBa-

100 qoJIOBiK.

TH H MiUJ:aH MieTa, TO qneJIO Haiia)J,aiOqnx MOrJIO )J,OeHrTH ,I(o HHX IIpH€)J,HaJIOeH 6araTO HaBKOJIHIIIHiX eeJIHH, BHq,

CeMeH JiyraHehKHH,

eHJih

qepe)J,yil,

BaeHJih

IBaH raBa 3 eHHOM, ,UeMnqe, KoJIIOXiBa

lean

IBaH ,UerryTOBHq TneqnBopoiii,

RHye i

Carrepa,

A6paM

Oea)J,qnn,

<l>e)J,opn,

eeJia

CTerraH

KpyrJIHK ,UaBH)J,,

(KoJiyxoBa); )J,Ba

HK IBaH ,I(o6pOIIIOraJiyiiiaiBIIiB;

TeJieqnHIIIHH,

IBaH PoiiiKOBHq 3 eeJia

illnBapKo,

ra)J,JiiB

Ba-

AHiJ,pye,

raBpHJIO

eeJia

i3 eeJia 3a)J,y6piBu;iB,

( 3aJiy1Ka);

39 eeJIHH i3 CeMaKiBu;iB, 22 eeJIHHH 3

IIepepoBa, 37 eeJIHH 3 Tpiilu;i,

30 eeJIHH 3 Ili)J,ranqnKiB, 121 eeJIHHHH

eeJIHHH i3 3aJI yqa

3 JlHIIOBIIH,

CTerraH

raBpHJIHIIIHH

3 eeJia

KoeMaqa,

20 eeJIHH 3 eeJia

Po1KHeBa, 4 eeJIHH 3 eeJia HoBoeiJieu;L, 5 eeJIHH 3 eeJia CoKoJioBa, eeJIHH 3

3 eeJia Ierraea,

5 -

qnKiB,

raBpHJIO

ry6eHqyK,

6paTOM,

.Hu;Ko

MnKHTiB,

TKaq,

rpnu;h

CTerraH

<l>e)J,ip

raJihKOBHq, KaprroBnq,

IIpo)J,aBnq,

IIpoKirr,

KoeoBnq,

CTeu;,

3n)J,yHHBiqoK, CeH ,Uyu;Ka, Kpyrriq,

5 eeJIHH 3 BiKHa.

MieTa Jlneu;H )1,0 IIOBeTaJIHX IIpH€)J,HaJIHeH: MaKap,

eBOIM enH

3 eeJia qepHHTHHa i

CTec)>aH

)J,Ba

6paTH,

IJIHIIIiB

<l>e)J,ip,

rpH£1hKO IliH-

enH,

eHH

Pyenq

CeMeH, AHiJ,pye

<l>iJioBnqiB,

ImocmpoeaHa <l>e)J,ip

B y

IlpuKapnammR.

,UorraTHIIIHH,

KpaMap, qnKiB

icmopi5l

IIpoKirr

cnrr,

CeMeH

TnMKO

3a TaKHMH )J,aHHMH,

IIOBCTaJIHX

3a60JIOTiBIIIHHH

rraceJierrnx rryHKTiB 3araJihHHM

IBaH

qepHhOBChKHil,

IloJIHllhKHH,

rpH£1HK,

.Hu;Ko JlpeM-

,6araTo iHmnx".

CaBKa ToMaiiioBnq

lliJIOMY TiJihKH

rpyrry

,UpnrrJieBnq,

TorroJiellhKHil,

373

ToM

HKi B)J,aJIOCH BHHBHTH B aKTaX,

BXO)J,HJIH

MiillaHH

CeJIHHH

qncJioM 4 10 qoJioBiK. AJie u;e )J,aJieKo rre

IIOBHe qncJIO, OCKiJihKH qacTO IIIJIHXTa B CBOIX CKaprax, KpiM HaBe)J,eHHX iMeH i

rrpi3BHIII Haif6iJihiii aKTHBHHX yqacHHKiB, rOBOpHTh, IIIO y BHCTyrri

6paJIH yqaCTh ,iHIIIi", ,6araTO iHIIIHX".

3 TOrO MOMHa 3p06HTH BHCHO-

BOK, IIIO IIOBCTaHu;iB y 3a60JIOTiBChKOMY BOrHHilli )J,OCHrJIO 1000, a TO H MOMJIHBO 6iJihiiie qoJIOBiK. BHJIH CeJIHHH, JIIOBaJIH

JIK BH)J,HO, OCHOBHY Macy IIOBCTaJIHX CTaHO-

3Haqrro MeHIIIe 6yJIO MiillaH, CBHilleHHKiB, aJie BOHH oqo-

B 6iJihiiiOCTi

OKpeMi

3arOHH

IIOBCTaHu;iB.

3a60JIOTiBChKa rpyrra Bncoqarra MaJia CBOIX KepiBHHKiB, HKHX IIIJIHXTa rra3HBaJia

,rrpnrru;nrraJiaMn"

3Bi)J,KH rroxo)J,HB?

,KoMrrpnrru;nrraJiaMn".

HKi 6pa-

JIH

3aMoK

HHMH

6yB

illJIHXTnq CTarricJiaB PMerrroBChKHH rrapiKa€ y cBoiil

cKap3i rra MiillaH Jincu;n, yqacTh

X TO

rrarra)J,i

rra

3a6oJioToBi. ,Tnrru;n-coTHHKa, MaKapy,

rpHHhKa

IIirrqyKOBa,

Jia Ey6errqyKa,

raBpH-

<l>e)J,opa KocoBnqa

,rrpHHIIHIIaJiiB",

peiiiTY

rre-

pepaXOBaHHX MiillaH Ha3HBa€ ,KOMIIpHHIIHIIaJiaMH".

irriiiiil

cKap3i

Ha MiillaH 3a60JIOTOBa c)>irypyiOTh KepiBHHKH xaiiJio

rroBcTaJinx:

KpaBellh

ricTpa poTn), i

CeMeH

peiiiTa 37 -

IBarr,

(3acTyrrHHK

MnMa-

(xopyrrMnil)

KepiBHHKH

CIIiB-

TOBapHIIIi. III,e B O)J,HOMY aKTi BHCTyiiaiOTh HH

Kyiiirrip, !1,piil

)J,HK,

<l>e)J,ip i

)J,erru;i

rracTyrri cepe)],

CJiaBKa

IIarriB,

CBHilleHHK

IIOJIKOBHHK B

rpoMa)J,H-

3a6oJioToBa":

MyqKiB

KO IIH.

,rrpHHIIHIIaJIH,

MicTa

CeJia

3aMOK

Arr-

KopnTJlHIIOBB

ropo-

ceJIHH-IIOBCTarru;iB

e OmuHif

KOJlUUJHiU

HapoiJHO?O

nOJlKOBOiJU,5l

cmoJZuu,i

1648 p.

374 3

BoJtoiJuMup

ciJI

OJieiiiKOBa,

TyJiyxiBa,

3ra)J,yeThCH

KpaBellh

BiKHa

,UaHi,

B3HTi

rpoMa)J,a

BHCyBaiOThCH

KepiBHHKH

3a6oJioTiBIIIHHi rri)J,IIOJIKOBHHK KyiiiHip. HaiieBHO, B

TaK

3arOHH

)J,iJIHJIHCH

3aii03HqeHa racJiaMH.

IIIO

JIHceu;LKi

6yB

O)J,HHM Ha

KepiBHHII-

pyxy

CeMeH

IIOBCTaJIHX,

HKHH,

OTaMaHiB,

3arOHH,

TaKa

IIi)],

rroMiqHnKaMH

HKi

rrepepaXOBYIOThCH. opraHi3au;iH

CBOIMH

6yJIH

ceJIHHH

IIIJIHXTa Ha3HBa€

6yJia

rrparropaMH

IIOBCTaHHi Ha 3a60JIOTiBIIIHHi Bi)J,irpaBaJIH

MiiiiaHn,

KorrncTKo,

xopyHMHH

)J,eCHTKH.

BHCTyiiaJIH

rpoMa)J,,

rri)J,HeceHHH

IIITa6

IIIO

KOlKHa

rroJIKOBHHK~,

KpaBeu;L,

)J,eCHTHHKiB,

rrepiiiHX,

COTHi

OKpeMHX

TnHellh

rOJIOBHHH

KepiBHHKiB,

qncJii

IloBCTaJii

o6'e)J,HyBaJIHCH

IBaH

IIIO

(rrpHHIIHIIaJIOM),

HaiiBHIIIOro

coTHHK

IIOJIKH,

K03aKiB.

roJIOBHY pOJih y

JIOTiBChKi

qac

Te,

3pa3KOM

rroJIKOBHHKH

HHlKqHX

rrpo

IIOBCTaJIHX

MOBHTH,

BHCTyiiaiOTh

rpyrr

raHhKOBellh

TyJiyKiBa.

o6'e)J,HaHHH

K03allhKHM

KpaBeu;L,

ceJia

KepiBHHKOM

KepyiOTh

CIIHpaBCH

pe€CTpax

ciJI,

xopyHMHX. HHM

CBOIM

6iJihiiiHX

CBi)J,qaTh

pyxy

o6npaJiacn

IBaH

U: e,

IIOIIIHpeHHH

CTapiiiHHa

rri)J,IIOJIKOBHHKiB,

IIIJIHXTH,

BHCTyiiaJia

Mipy

3a)J,y6piBu;iB,

rroJIKOBHHK

aKTiB-CKapr

crroqaTKY

rri3Hiiiie,

TBOM.

qepHHTHHa, -

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

3a6o-

6araTLox

,KyiiaMH".

3AEOJIOTIBII)JIHA I fOPOJJ:EHKIBII)JIHA Y BOfHI 3EPOllHOfO IIOBCTAHH51 C. BllCQqAHA epHTOpiH i

Tip IIiB)J,Hi. llhOMY KOM

Bi)J,

CeJIHHH

HaCTyrri

TnHu;eM.

BiJihHHX

BoHn,

JIIO)J,eH B

K03allhKi

TOMY

Jl:pyrHH TyrrnKoBa,

3MOBi 3

rriBHiqHoMy

MiiiiaHH

3arrncaHo

CXO)J,i

ciJI"

36po10.

JlHCIIH B

aKTi,

HaiiaJIH

IIOBCTaJii TiCHO

)1,0

3aMoK Ha

Ha IIIO

HHMH

qac

3aMOK, TyT,

3HaqHHH Jlroqi

KY)J,H rrpoc-

KyT

3a6oJioToBi.

qoJii

)J,OIIOMOrOIO

U:iKaBO,

IIOBCTaJIHX,

OXOIIJIIOBaJia

IIIJIHXeTChKHH

K03aKaMH

pi3HHX

qncJii

qacTHHH,

qyBaJIHCh

3)J,o6yJIH

Bi)J,3HaqHJIHCH

3a60JIOTiBChKOI rpyiiH

ryu;yJihiiiHHH,

ropo)J,eHKH

IloBcTaHu;i

IIOp03yMiHHi

MaHHO,

)J,iHJihHOCTi

BXO)J,HJIH

CBOIM

Ha B

COTHH-

MiMKopoJiiB'H

qncJieHHHX

CaMO-

3aXOIIHJIH

BeJIHKe

3a60JIOTOBi,

B3a€MO)J,iHJIH Ta

6yJIH

3a6e3IIe-

36p0€10. 3aMOK B

ropo)J,eHu;i

OJieiiiKOBa,

3)J,06yJIH

Jiro6KoBeu;L,

MiiiiaHH

KnJiroxiBa,

3a60JIOTOBa

CeJIHHH

qepHHTHHa

BiKHa

ImocmpoeaHa rri11,

icmopi5l

rrpoBO)J,OM

IlpuKapnammR.

cBoro KepiBHHKa

MeHa KyiiiHipa.

BoHH TaKo.lK

ToM

375

MnxaiiJia KpaBIVI i

xopyH.lKoro Ce-

,B rrepio11, Mi.lKKopoJiiB'H 3a 3BnqaeM i

rrpoTeKCTOM K03aKiB HacJii)J,yBaJIH XMeJILHnqqnHy", rrpn aKTHBHiii rri)J,TpHMIIi )J,eHrri,

MicrreBHX 3a6paJIH

TpeThOMY

ceJIHH

3)J,o6yBaJIH

qacTHHY MaiiHa, IIOXO)J,i

3aMOK

CTp.lKeJihChKOro

ropo-

a peiiiTY crraJIHJIH.

II eqeHi.lKHH

MiirraHH pa30M 3 CeJIHHaMH 3a)J,y6iBellh,

6paJIH

yqaCTh

raHhKiBrriB,

3a60JIOTiBChKi

qOpTiBIIH, Ili)J,raH-

qnKiB i IIepepoBa. IloBcTaHChKHH 3ariH B KiJihKOCTi 4 00 qoJioBiK HarraB Ha 3aMOK MarHaTa CTaHiCJiaBa IloTOIIhKOrO y

IleqeHi.lKHHi i IIOBHiCTIO

3HHIIIHB noro, TaK 1110 rricJIH HhOro BiH B.lKe He Bi)J,HOBHBCH.

BH)J,HO, rre

6yB BeJIHKHH i 6araTHH 3aMOK, KOJIH IIIJIHXTa OlliHHJia IIIKO)J,H, rrpnqnHeHi IIOBCTaHIIHMH,

Ha 40000 3JIOTHX.

BIIJIHB K03allhKOI opraHi3arrii 1103Ha-

qnBCH i Ha llhOMY IIOXO)J,i IIOBCTaJIHX. B aKTi 3aiiHCaHO, 1110 IIOBCTaHrri ,B qac

Mi.lKKOpOJiiB 'H

IIi)],

THTY JIOM

rrpeTeKCTOM

K03aKiB,

BH6paBIIIH

yrropH)J,KyBaBIIIH COTHHKiB i ocayJiiB, IIO)J,iJIHBIIIH JIIO)J,eH Ha Bi)J,)J,iJIH, cepe)], BeJIHKOrO KpHKY i

ryKy 3 BOrHeiiaJihHOI 36pol ,aTaKyBaJIH 3aMOK".

III,e 6iJihiiiHH 3ariH rroBcTaJIHX 3a6oJioToBa, TyJIHKOBa, OJieiiiKOBa, Jiw6KoBerrL, ,UeMnqa,

3a)J,y6piBrriB,

3aJiyqa,

CeMaKiBerrL,

IIepepoBa,

Tpiilrri, Ili)J,ranqnKiB, JinrroBrrH, KocMaqa, XoMqnqa, Po.lKHeBa, HoBociJierrL, KOM

CoKoJioBa, Icrraca Ha qoJii 3 Hapo)J,HHM rroJIKOBHHKOM KopnTqac

Mi.lKKOpOJiiB 'H

rpy11010 JIIO)J,eH i y

IIi)],

rrpeTeKCTOM

K03aKiB"

BeJIHKOIO

MilllaH 3)J,06yB MirrHi 3aMKH MarHaTiB JI6JIOHOBChKHX

ceJiax ,Ue6ecJiaBrri i Jlwqa. 0T.lKe, IIOBCTaHrri 3a60JIOTiBIIIHHH BOCeHH 1648 p. 3MOrJIH 3)J,06yTH 3HHIIIHTH 5

MarHaTO-IIIJIHXeTChKHX 3aMKiB Ha IloKyTTi 3a )J,OIIOMO-

roiO OKpeMO BH)J,iJieHHX 3aroHiB i, TaKHM qnHOM, JiiKBi)J,yBaTH 3arpo3y )J,JIH apMil BncoqaHa. Bn)J,Ho, CeMeH BncoqaH opraHhyBaB rri rroxo11,n, 3a6e3rreqHBIIIH ce6e 3aXOIIJieHHHM IIHX 3aMKiB Bi)J, HeCIIO)J,iBaHOI aTaKH IIIJIHXTH, i IIOIIOBHHB CBOI 36pOHHi 3aiiaCH, 36iJihiiiHB KiJihKiCHO qncJIO IIOBCTaHrriB

KoJIOMHHIIIHHH.

Ha BChOMY IIIJIHXY IIOXO)J,iB CeJIHH IIIJIHXeTChKi )J,Bopn: Kax,

Typrri

cLKoro

iHIIIHX

rraHyBaHHH

KpexiBIIHX, ceJiax,

3HaqHa

MilllaH 3a60JIOTiBIIIHHH IIa)J,aJIH

KHH.lK)J,Bopi,

3BiJihHHJiacn

KJiwqeBi,

3-IIi)J,

Ili)J,ranqn-

rroJihChKO-IIIJIHXeT-

TepnTopin.

HapO)J,HHH pyx OXOIIHB i rYIIYJihiiiHHy.

aKTax 3aiiHCaHo, 1110 ceJIHHH

CorroBa 6iJIH KoJIOMHI' IBaH MHTHHK, rpnrop IIo6epe.lKHHK, IlpHIIIJIHKiB cnH, IBaH IliHTeBnq, OJieKca IliHTeBnq, IIpoKirr, IIpoKirr, 6paT TypqnHa

376

BoJtoiJuMup

H iHini

cnaJIHJIH IIIJIHXeTChKHH )J,Bip

TeKyqi.

ChKHH cKapMHBCH na ceJIHH 3 Jhoqi -

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

illJIHXTHq IOpiil

ra)J,OH-

IBana ,Upe6ypa, CTelj>ana i iloro

cnniB IrnaTa, TnMKa 3a nana)J, na 3aMoK B Jhoqi.

HnMHhOMY Eepe-

30Bi 3aXOBaBCH nepe)J, HapO)J,HOIO p03IIJiaTOIO KOJIOMHHChKHH ypH)J,OBellh (3acTyiiHHK BiiiTa) MaTiaiii 3JIOTHiKoBnq. IIpoTe Micu;eBi 11,pi6ni yKpalnChKi IIIJIHXTHqi Eepe30BChKi, IBaH IJieHiiiiHH, AHiJ,pyc HepqeiiiiB, rpnropiil

3apeM6a,

CTenan

TnMiB,

IBach A6paMqnK,

MnxaiiJio

OJieJIIHIIIHH

ni11, npoBO)J,OM CBHJIIeHHKa IBana MnxaBHMa nanaJIH na IIIJIHXTnqa-3aii)J,y 3JIOTHiKOBHqa, IIIJIHXTH

JIIO

B IIOBHiM

li)KaBi

no11,il

CBi)J,qHTh

IIpO

nepeKOHaHiCTh

!1,pi6HOI

yKpaiHChKOI

yna)J,Ky IIOJihChKO-IIIJIHXeTChKOrO IIaHyBaHHH. Bi)J,6yJIHCH

KyTax.

cTapocTBa A11,aM 3e6Me30BChKHH y

AiJ,MinicTpaTop

cBolil

CnHTHHChKoro

cKap3i nncaB,

JIIO

,ceJIHHH

Tro)J,oBa RKHM HecTepoBnq, MapKo, RKiB IBanqnn, IIpoKin MapyJIIaK, raBpHJIO JlroqKa

CHHaMH,

EyraHJIHK,

,Uy)J,H)J,pHq,

IIpoKiii

<l>e11,ip KpnBoqniiiHH, IlaJiiil IBanKiB i iniiii cniByqacnnKn" cepe)], noqi HaiiaJIH 36pOHHO Ha ynpaBHTeJIH (lj>aKTOpa)

MeJihHHK,

1. Y.1649 p.

CHHTHHChKOrO

cTapocTBa B KyTax, 3axonHJIH Manno, B6HJIH cJiyry nana CiJILHillhKoro. EaraTo ryu;yJiiB 6paJIH yqacTh y BHcTynax ceJIHH i MiJIIaH IloKyTTH. B Haiia)J,i Ha IIIJIHXeTChKHH 3aMOK B

J1:e6ecJiaBIIHX

Jlroqi 6paJIH

ceJIHHH ryu;yJihChKHX ciJI CTeiiaH raBpHJIHIIIHH 3 KocMaqa, JIIeHHK, EapTKO i JIIe

22 ceJIHHH -

yqaCTh

<l>e)J,ip, CBH-

ryu;yJIH 3 Jlroqi, OJieKca IOpoBHH 3

PoMHeBa, MiJIIaHH 3 KocoBa. CeJIHHH qopHHX i niJIHX OcJiaB, CJio60)J,H Pocnnol i

,iHIIIHX ciJI 3a 3BnqaeM

npeTeKCTOM K03aKiB"

3HHJIIHJIH

cnaJIHJIH )J,Bip IIIJIHXTHqa BaJiepiHHa LKap)J,ellhKOro B niJIHX OcJiaBax. HhOrO BH)J,HO, JIIO TaKTHKY K03aKiB nepeiiMaJIH

3a60JIOTiBChKe BOrHHJIIe IIOBCTaHHH OXOIIHJIO BCe ripchKHX ciJI.

B ci MicTa i

ceJia B llhOMY Kparo

BJia)J,H III JIHXTH.

TiJihKH MicTo

TH.

CHJihHa

TyT

6yJia

rapni3ony.

Toil

qac,

rpyna KOJIH

ryu;yJIH. IloKyTTH aM )1,0

6y JIH 3BiJILHeni 3-IIi)J,

KoJIOMHIO noBcTaJii ne 3MorJIH 3)J,o6yKaTOJIHllhKOrO Boronh

IIaTpHu;iaTy

na)J, IIIJIHXeTChKHMH

MiChKOrO 3aMKaMH

)J,BopaMH naJiaB no Bciil KoJIOMHHJIIHHi,

3axoBana B KoJIOMHI IIIJIHXTa

i MiChKi IIaTpHu;ii-KaTOJIHKH TpeMTiJIH y

CTpaxy i

cTaHOBHJIIa.

AJie IM B)J,aJiocn

BlliJiiTH.

B ci u;i oKpeMi 3aronn noBcTaJIHX ni)J,KOpHJIHCh ny, OIIHpaJIHCh Ha OCHOBHHH u;eHTp -

aJie

B6HJIH

CeMeHoBi

Bncoqa-

MiCTO 0THHiiO. lie BH)J,HO xoq

6n 3 Toro, JIIO noBcTanu;i, HKi )J,iHJIH B ToBMaqi, KopqnncLKoro,

6yJIH HeiieBHi CBOrO

iloro na Micu;i,

3axonHJIH IIIJIHXTnqa

a )J,OCTaBHJIH

na po3-

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

ToM

IlpuKapnammR.

rrpaBy ,11,0 0Tnrril, ,11,e rrepe6yBaB Bncoqarr. JIIOe,

IIOBCTaJii

BHXO,li,HqH B.lKe

,ll,iHCHO

3 CaMOI IIpHpO,li,H

TaKHM

BeJIHKHM

O,li,HOIO

BepXOBHOIO

IIoBcTaJii

3arOHH

THCHqaM,

311 C. ToMarniBChKHH rri,li,Kpec-

HaJie.lKaJIH

IIoKyTTH,

HK6H

,11,0

,He

IIOKYTChKi

Bncoqarra,

Mir 6n

HKHH,

p03Ka3yBaTH

Micn:eBOCTi

6yJIH

IIi,ll,

oprarri3an:ieiO".

KaJiymHHH

TpnMaJIH

6oiloBnil

3B'H30K

TaK, IIpH 3,li,06yTTi IIIJIHXeTChKOro 3aMKY B C.

IIoKyTTHM.

CTy,ll,iHKa BOHH IIOKJIH-

KaJIH rra ,li,OIIOMory ,KoMrrarriro i3-rri,ll, IIrriB'n", To6To 3arorrn Bncoqarra,

HKi rrepe6yBaJIH TO,ll,i IIi,ll, IIHiBChKOIO

,UJIH

o6'€,li,HaHHH

KiJihKa COTeHh HHKa

JlpeMKa.

rpyrnoBa, n:iB,

BCiX IIOBCTaHChKHX

3 xopyrBaMH ,Uo

HHX

LK.ypoBa,

,UeJIHTHHa.

IIaciqrrol,

Bonn

CHJI

MY3HKOIO

CeJIHHH

Kpacrrol,

IIrriB'n,

crraJIHJIH

CeMeH

Jlroqi,

ceJIHHChKHH

pyx

rra6paB

oco6JIHBO

0Jierrqi,

MimaHH

3 ToBMaqa

,Ue6ecJiaBn:nx,

3aMoK CTarricJiaBa II OTOU:hKoro B II eqerri.lKnrri... rip

03epHH,

II'H,li,HKiB, PaKiBU:H, JinxiB-

ropOXOJIHHa,

3aMKH

Bncoqarr BHCJiaB

IIi,ll, IIpOBO,li,OM CBOrO IIOMiq-

IIpH€,li,HaJIHCH

EopTHHKiB, Jlarrqnrra,

lj>opTeU:eiO.

3,ll,o6yJIH

II o ceJiax 6JIH3hKO

rnnpoKoro

po3Maxy.

KiJILKa

ciJI o6'e,li,HyBaJIHCh B crriJILHi 3arorrn, o36poerri pi3rroMarriTrroro 36poero IIi,ll, KepiBHHU:TBOM ocayJiiB, HHX

Bee,

aKTaX

IIi,11,

COTHHKiB H iHIIIHX KepiBHHKiB,

,rrpHHU:HIIaJiaMH"

rrara,ll,yBaJio

Ha3Ba-

BOHH HHmHJIH

IIIJIHXeTChKHH rrriT.

164 8 p.

Kirren:L

,KOMIIpHHU:HIIaJiaMH",

rri,11,

BJia,li,OIO

CeMerra

Bncoqarra

rrepe6yBaJia

6iJihiiia qacTHHa raJIHU:hKOI 3eMJii, OC06JIHBO IIiB,ll,eHHa, mO B OCHOBHOMY

OXOIIJIIOBaJia

TepHTOpiiO

KoJIOMHHChKOrO

IIOBiTy

a6o

IIoKyTTH.

BHHHTOK CTaHOBHJIH MicTa raJinq, KoJIOMHH, CoJIOTBHHO, ,ll,e 3i6paJIHCh BeJIHKi U:HMH

IIIJIHXeTChKi MiCTaMH

3arOHH

qy.lK03eMHe

BCi€10 CHJIOIO

MimaHCTBO,

HKe

Hapo,li,HHH pyx rra6paB ,~J,iilcrro BeJIHKoro po3Maxy. qarra,

,ll,aHHMH

yrrpaBJIHJIO

IIi,li,TpHMyBaJIO IIIJIHXeTChKHH ypH,ll,.

cyqacHHKiB,

HapaXOByBaJia

ApMiH Bnco-

THCHq

qoJIOBiK.

TaKa BeJIHKa y,11,aprra CHJia, o6'€,li,HaHa IIi,ll, O,li,HHM KepiBHHU:TBOM, He 3YCTpiqaJiaCh IIo,ll,iJIJii.

RKmO

TOll B

qac

U:iJiiH

ceJIHHChKOMY

3axi,li,HiH

pyci

YKpalrri,

raJIHU:hKOMY

HaBiTh

IIi,li,KaprraTTi

B qac iloro rrai16iJILIIIoro rri,~J,rrecerrrrn Bocerrn 1648 p. B3HJIO yqacTh 6JIH3hKO apMiiO

U:Loro ChKHH

THCHq

qoJIOBiK,

IIOJIOBHHa

HHX

IIpHIIa,ll,a€

Bncoqarra. lj>aKTY rre

CTBep,ll,.lKye,

3MOrJIH mo

n:e

o6ii1TH 6yJia

icTopnKH.

,<J>opMaJILHa

TaK, apMin"

ToMarniB-

IIOBCTaHU:iB,

378

BoJtoiJuMup

CTBOpeHa TOM

3aB)J,HKH

BncoqaHa".

rropiBHHHO CHqHy

,He3BHqaftHiH JinrrHHChKHH

KOpOTKHH

peryJIHpHy

qac

apMiiO

eHeprii i

rrniiie,

opraHi3aTOpChKHM TaJiaH-

rn:o

opraHi3yBaTH IIpH )J,OIIOM03i

CeMeH

Ha i

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

BncoqaH

IloKyTTi

TiCHiH

3YMiB

rr'HTHa)J,IIHTHTH-

CIIiByqacTi TaMTeiii-

HhOI pychKOI IIIJIHXTH. U:en ChKi

lj>aKT roBopHTh

3)J,i6HocTi

rrpo )J,yMe

CeMeHa BncoqaHa,

BH)J,iJIHIOqH cepe)], iHIIIHX KepiBHHKiB, a

icTOpHKH B

KiHo;i

Ha3HBaJIH

BeJIHKi

BiilchKOBi

Ha3BaJia

,XMeJihHHIIhKHM

,HailrrepiiiHM BOlK)J,eM",

raJIHIIhKOI

3eMJii".

164 8 poKy o6cTaHOBKa )J,yMe 3MiHHJiacn.

ChKa XMeJihHHIIhKOro 3aJIHIIIHJIH

opraHi3aTop-

HKoro HaBiTh ToroqacHa IIIJIHXTa,

Bn3BOJihHi BiH-

raJinqnHy' IIIJIHXTa rroqaJia aKTHBhy-

BaTHCH, In B)J,aJiocn Hecrro)J,iBaHo 3axorrnTH MicTo KaJiyiii )J,eHKHX

KepiBHHKiB

CeMeH

3HHUJ:HTH

IIOBCTaHHH.

BncoqaH BnpiiiiHB He )J,orrycTHTH IIIJIHXTY i3-3a ,UHicTpa Ha

raJIHIIhKY 3eMJIIO.

IloBCTaHChKHH 3ariH Ha qoJii i3 CeJIHHaMH -

KOM KpoKocoro 3 KyHaiiieBa, JiiTyceM 3 06epTaHa,

COTHH-

OJieKcoro JlnBa-

IIIOKOM 3 OJieiiiHH, .HpeMKOM IIorroBnqeM 3 ToBMaqa pa3oM 3 !1,pi6HoiO IIIJIHXTOIO 3 IcaKoBa, HKa HaJieMaJia )J,O 3aroHy BncoqaHa, HaMaraJIHCH

K03alfui1 BiiJ

noJtKOBHUK

Hacmyny noJtKY

CeMeH

nO!lbCbKOf IeaHa

Buco'iaH

Ulfl5lXfflU

EocyHa.

6opoHumb CKJtaiJi

XyiJoJICHUK

BiHHUU,IO

BiHHUU,bKOi!O

MupocJtaB

1651

poKy

K03aU,bKOi!O

ramaJteBU'i

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

379

ToM

)J,JIH

Bo11CWVI1MJ1

QhOrO

,UHicTep.

rf11.1b01'\e!lbl~l1 11

BHKOpHCTaTH

Bi)J,3HaqaB

)J,OBOMY )J,OIIHTi QiB,

BOHH

pe.lK.lKHM THMH

HaMip

CTe.lKHJIH ,UHiCTpa,

BO)J,H

rro6e-

BHTHrHy-

rrapoMaMH,

MaiOqH

IIOJihChKHM

rreperrpaBHTHCH

crrpaB)J,i,

cy-

IIOBCTaH-

rrepeiHKO)J,HTH

BiHChKaM piKy.

O)J,HH 3

piKy

KOJIH

qepe3

IIIJIHXeT-

ChKi BiilcLKa rri11, rrpoBO)J,OM ByJIL<J>a

rri)J,iHIIIJIH

rrepeB03y, ITO

•n. IIIUJ" n

HHX

C~MeH

aJie,

IloKyTTH.

IIicJIH

BncoqaH

qnM

HaiiOpOM

npo HapoiJHO?O nOJlKOBOiJU,5l

Bi)J,cTyrrnB

CeMeHa BucoituHa

JiaBIQHHY,

ChKHX

IIOBCTaHQiB, B

HarrpnMi

BTiKaqiB,

CIIeQiaJihHO BH)J,aTH

Ba.lKHY

1651

porri.

"3a

IIOJIKY

poJih

porri

BiilchK

BncoqaH,

IIOCa)J,y

6y JIO

CBOIX

BncoqaH

1651

rroJihChKHX

Ma6yTh,

qepe3

yTiKaqiB-CeJIHH,

CeMeH poKn.

pHTyiOqHCh

Bi)J,

EparrJiaBIQHHH,

IIOKYTChKHX rrpnrrHHH€ rri11,

noryHa,

3YCe-

BCe3pocTaiO-

Eparr-

IIpH€)J,HaBCH

)1,0

qacTHHa rroKyT-

rrepeHIIIJia

MoJI)J,aBiiO. IIIJIHXTa

Ilo-

qncJio

164 9

poKy

Bi)J, MOJI)J,aBChKOrO rOCIIO)J,apH

BiH

IIIJIHXTOIO

6opeThCH

rroJIKOBHHKa

rroJIKOBO)J,eQL,

BXO)J,HB

rri11,

)J,e

raJIHQhKa

6opoTL6y

po3Ka3aMn"

crrpo6n

Ha ,UHiCTpi

I I oKyTTH

Ha-

OIIpHIIIKiB.

BiHHHQeiO

)J,OCBi)J,qeHHH

Bi)J,ciqi

BHMaraJia

HHMH

IIOJihChKHX BiHChK

EoryHa.

qacTHHa

BeJIHKHM,

IIOCJiiB

rrepecJii)J,yBaHHH, a

Bi)J,CTYIIHJIH

HeB)J,aJiol

MeH

)J,iJIJIH

rroqaJIH

BOpora

06KJlaiJUHKa KHU?U aemopa

rroJIKY

"Bi)J,KpHJIH CTpiJIHHHHY

He Maroqn CHJIH rro6o-

3a)J,

IIHHHTH

MeH

IIIJIHXTY,

,UHicTpoBoro

piKy

poTH

Butt''IBH

QHX

qepe3

MYIIIKeTiB"

6in,

noi\KOBOA~h

11,0

IIOBCTaHQi

HOrO

IBaHa

3aiiMaB

IIITa6

rroJihChKO-IIIJIHXeTchKHX

HacTyrrHi

rrpoTH

Ce-

cTapiiiHHChKY

Bi)J,irpaB

BiilchK

HacTyrry

EoryHa.

rri11,

HeMaJIO-

BiHHHQeiO

380

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

HAPOJJ:HE IIOBCTAHH51 III)]; IIPOBOJJ:OM IBAHA fPAEIBCbKOfO 36pOHHiH

HaujoHaJihHO-Bn3BOJihHiH

llpnKapnaTTH

BeJinKy

pOJih

6opOTh6i

Bi)J,irpaJIO

HapO)J,HnX

nOBCTaHHH

MaC

CeJIHH

Mirn:an BOCeHn 1648 poKy ni)J, npOBO)J,OM IBaHa rpa6iBChKOro. Bono 6yJio nacTiJILKn Bi)J,oMnM i 3aJiniiinJio no co6i 6araTo )J,OKyMeHTiB,

rn:o

icTopnKn

rn:e

B Kinuj

XIX

cT.

nopyiiiyBaJin

npau;nx. A. IIpoxacKa i 0. qoJIOBChKnii IIocnoJinTol -

noro

B cBolx

i)J,eoJiorn IIIJIHXeTChKOI Peqi

naMaraJincn B KpnBoMy BnrJIH)J,i npe)J,cTaBnTn nporpe-

cnBHi BnCTynn CeJIHH i MiiD:aH KaJiyChKOrO i ,UoJinHChKOrO CTapOCTe. Bonn 3 nenaBncTIO onncyBaJin noBcTanu;iB i TBep)J,nJin,

rn:o ocTanni

)J,iHJin TiJihKn 3apa)J,n HalKnBn. TpaKTyroqn u;e nOBCTaHHH HK OKpeMnH ,eni3o)J,", ,KpnBaBnH nepi0)1," B npnKapnaTChKnx pyxax,

IIpoxacKa naMaraEThCH noKa3aTn

nOBCTaHu;iB HK 3BnqaifHnX po36iifHnKiB, HKi npoJinBaJin KpOB ,HeBnHHOI" IIIJIHXTn. Bnxo)J,nqn 3 u;Loro, Bin, HK i noro copaTHnK no nepy

0. qOJIOBChKnH, Ha3nBaE nOBCTaJinX ,KpOBOlKepu;HMn", Mn",

,HanacHnKa-

,6yHTiBHnKaMn" TOID:O.

YBaMnnii

orJIH)J, )J,MepeJI )J,aE

3Mory

cnpocTyBaTn

neBipni

TBep-

)J,MeHHH i norJIH)J,n nOJihChKnX IIIOBiHiCTnqnnx )J,OCJii)J,HnKiB, o6'EKTnBHO npoJinTn CBiTJIO Ha 36poiiHnH BncTyn ceJIHH i MiiD:aH KaJiyrn:nnn, noKa3aTn HOrO KJiaCOBnH xapaKTep. TepnTopin ,UnicTpa,

KaJiyrn:nnn

Bi)J,

CyJIHTnq

oxonJIIOBaJia na

niBnoqi

Tepenn

KapnaTChKoro

niB)J,Hi, B 6acenni piK JliMnnu;i i JlyKBn.

npaBoMy

6epe3i

norpannqqn

IIpoTnroM XVI -

nepiiiol

noJioBnnn XVII cT. TYT 3ocepei1,MYIOThCH 3Haqni rpynn ceJIHH-yTiKaqiB. Bonn ocBoiJin 6araTo 3eMeJih. KaJiycLKe cTapocTBO oxonJIIOBaJio

MicTo

14 KopoJiiBChKnx ciJI.

CTapOCTnHChKnH

ypH)J,,

nocnJinJia

IIpoTe

IIIJIHXTa,

cnnparoqnch

lj>eo)J,aJihHO-KpinocHnllhKnH

rHiT,

o6THlKnJia CeJIHH Bi)J,po6iTKaMn, HaTypaJihHnMn i rpOIIIOBnMn noBnHHOCTHMn. ilOJihChKnH )J,OCJii)J,HnK 0. qOJIOBChKnH, i)J,eaJii3yroqn ,rocno)J,apiOBaHHH"

cTapocTnHChKoro ypn)J,y B KaJiyrn:nni, Bcynepeq )J,iii-

cnoMy CTaHy nepeKOHyBaB, ID:O

,THrapi" ni)J,)J,aHnX 6yJin HeBalKKnMn,

a TOMY ne 6yJio npnqnnn )J,O anTnlj>eo)J,aJILHoro onopy.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

381

ToM

Iloronn IIIJIHXTH 3a )J,OXO)J,aMH npHBeJia )J,O Toro, rn:o 3Haqna qacTHna ceJIHH KaJiy3LKoro i oco6JIHBO ,UoJIHHChKoro cTapocTe, 6yiJ,yqn ne B CHJii 3HOCHTH BCHKi YTHCKH

3 6oKy CTapOCTHHChKHX a)J,MiHiCTpaTO-

piB, )J,epMaBUjB i nocecopiB, rn:e )1,0 BH3BOJihHOI BiHHH 3aXHUJ:aJia ce6e IIIJIHXOM BiHHH

CKJia)J,aHHH

YKpaiHi

IloBcTaHHH

npO)J,OBMyBaJIOCH Micnu;i.

CKapr,

164 8

Ha nOBCTaHHH.

KaJiyrn:nni

po3noqaJiocn

npOTHrOM

MOBTHH,

BnJIHBOM

Ka)J,oB6nol,

EepJioriB,

HapO)J,HHH

pyx

BH3BOJihHOI

1648

Bepecni

JIHCTOna)J,a i

poKy T06TO 4

rpy)J,HH -

Bono oxonHJIO MaiiMe Bci ceJia cTapocTBa.

YrpnnoBa, KonaHKH, B

ni)J,

ni)J,HHJiaCh

no Bi)J,ryKyBaJIHCH ceJIHHH rpa6iBKH, HH,

Han6iJihiii aKTHB-

CiBKH, MocTHChK, IIiiiJia, KaMe-

,UoBroro,

.Hcenn,

He6nJioBa,

Jlh)J,3HHoro,

Ili)J,MHxaiiJIH, ,Uo6poBJIHH, BicToBol. IIocTynoBo

BKJIIOqHJIHCH

rpoMa)J,H

6araThOX ciJI ,I(OJIHHUJ:HHH.

IloBCTaHHH oqoJIHB npaBOCJiaBHHH

CBHUJ:eHHK i3 ceJia rpa6iBKa

IBaH.

)J,MepeJiax npo HhOro roBOpHThCH

HK npo

,nona i3 rpa6iBKH"'

HKHH

BciX

BHCTynax

KepiBHUK 3aK!lUKae

KepyBaB

noecmwzux yKpafHCbKUX

i .ao!lUHU

Bid

nOBCTaJIHMH,

KwzyU{uHi

MiU{aH naHCbKOf

oqoJIIOBaB

CB5lUfeHUK

6opomb6u

ceaeo!li.

XydoJICHUK

npoBi)J,

leaH

Fpa6iBCbKUU

BU3BOJleHH5l !cop

aHTHc)>eo-

KwzyUJa

.aepKalf

BoJtoiJuMup

382 )J,aJih

HHX IIOXO)J,aX IIpOTU IIIJIHXTU.

Ha3UBaiOTh

,IIOIIOM

rpa6iBChKUM"

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

O)J,Hiii i3 IIIJIHXeTChKHX

(Bi)J, Ha3BU

CeJia

CKapr iioro

rpa6iBKa,

3Bi)J,KU

BiH

IIOXO)J,HB). To My MU Ma€MO Bci )J,aHi Ha3UBaTU iioro IBaHOM rpa6iBChKUM.

A mo rrpo

11,e

caMe

BiH

roBopHTh

rpa6iBChKHH 3aroHaX

6yB

roJIOBHHM

oqeBH)J,IJ,i.

6yB

,rrepiiiUM

IIOBCTaJIUX".

KepiBHHKOM

illJIHXTa

BiH

IBaH

pyx Ha

3YMiB

Jlucuii, KO)J,aH,

<l>e)J,ip

rrpo

aBTOpa

HhOrO

MeJihHHK,

CBHIII:eHUK

yKpaiHChKoro

rpUII,h

ypn)J,y

IOpKo

BoJIUKOBUq KaJiyiiii,

Ko6eJiiK,

IBaH

IIpOBi)J,HUKOM

KoJIU

ciJI

KY)J,H

)J,e

Hapo-

CTapOCTBa.

6yproMiCTp 0BCHHHHK

Pi3uuK,

ruaT

IIeTpo

Kaq-

HOB006-

paiiiJ,H,

CBHIII:eHHK

Koc-

THK,.Jlech OpumaK, <l>e)J,hKO illBeiJ,h, IIeTpo Ko3aK, MaJieiJ,hKHii i iHIIIHX

HHIJ,TBO

MicTa

IIOBCTaHHH

copaTHHKOM B

KaJiyiiia

aKTi,

KepiBHHII,TBO 6yJIH

ciJihChKi

pOJih

KaJiyChKHX III:O

HHX

IIOBCTaHChKa qaTKY

KcepoKoniR CKJtaiJ

iioro

IIOTiM

pH)J,

KepiB-

IIOMiqHUKOM

HKuii, To6To

3aroHiB

HaBKOJIO

BaTaMKiB

Ha3UBaJia -

rrpaBOCJiaBHOrO

3arrucauo

iioro

rrpaBoiO

ce6e

noecmaHHi

MauiJaHy, Ha

UJ!l5lxmuiJa

BOHa

C/JeJtiKca

3aeOJo,

3acip5!,

KaJtyU(UHi

Macy

6yJia

yqacHHKiB.

Fpa6ieKu,

KepiBHa

IIOHCHIO€ThCH o6cTa-

He3a)J,OBOJie-

BaTaMKa

qaci

6iJihiiie

KHUcu

HKHMU

Jia)J,OM.

)J,aHUMH,

cifl

ciJI,

IIOJiiTuquiii

CTHXiiiHy

KOpOTKOMY

THCHq

,rrpHHII,UIIaJiaMU"

)J,yXiBHHII,TBa

TOroqacHiii

)J,OCTOBipHUMU

aKmoeof

,rroMiquuKaMu".

aKTHBHiii )J,iHJihHOCTi

copaTHHKiB

IIiiJMuxai1Jt5l,

HapoiJHOMY

illJIHXTa

cycrriJihHO-eKOHOMiqHUM

apMiH.

ocHOBHOMY

Haii6JIU)KqUM

rpa6iBChKoro"

po3i6paTUCH

o6'€)J,HaTU

ceJt5lH-noecmaHu,ie

YcpuHoea, B

Miiii:aH

HaiiOJierJIHBiii i

EepeMHHIJ,hKHii,

CIIUpaJIOCH

yqacuuKiB

IIIJIHXeTChKHM

3aB)J,HKH

rrorra

IIOIIU.

3YMiJIH

3MOrJIH

6iBChKOro

qoJIOBiK.

IBaH

IIOBCTaHHH

TUM,

BOHU

ciJI.

rroMiquuKoM.

BiHTH,

(KepiBHHKaMu),

HOBIJ,i

6yB

ocayJioiO

rrepiiiHM

HaBKOJIHIIIHix

BXO)J,UJIO

KepiBHHKa

,6yB

pyKoiO,

rrpo

BXO)J,UJIU

KpaBeiJ,h,

IBaH

MuxaiiJio

rroqaTKOM IIOBCTaHHH

BKJIIOqUJIOCH

BacuJih

KaJiymuui,

rOBOpUThCH

pyiiiHTeJIH".

IIOBCTaHHH,

IBaH JlaBep,

,UyHeiJ,h,

KpaBeiJ,h,

HKOrO

IIITa6

rrucaJia,

Haii6iJihiiiHM

MiCIJ,i

KaJiyiii:HHi, )1,0

opraHi3yBaTU

ToMKO

paHoro

cKaprax

rpa6iBChKHH HeBi)J,OMO Hiqoro, TiJihKH

oqoJIUB BiH

rroBcTaHHH

CBOIX

BH3HaqHUM

iHIIIOMY

,rrepiiioro cepe)], BciX IIOBCTaJIUX )J,UBCH

CKJia)J,aJia

KonaHKU,

RKi

CIIO-

npo

BepXHbOco

6pa!lu

BOCeHU

rpa-

IIi)J,paxyHKaMU,

flciHCbKOco

Cmapoco

i J(OflUHU(UHi

IBaHa

opraHi30BaHa

yiJacmb

1648 p.

388

BoJtoiJuMup

3p06JieHHMH

OCHOBi

IIIJIHXeTChKHX

THBHOrO IIi)J,HeCeHHH IIOBCTaHHH IIOBCTaHu;iB OcnoBHY

Macy,

IIOIIIKO)J,lKeHh,

IIOTiM

u;i

IIoBCTaJia

iiiiJIH

apMiH

)J,eCHTKH

6yJio,

IIoBCTaJii, BHJIH

CBiH,

,cTOJIHlleiO

MiCTa

3)J,o6yBIIIH

IIoBCTaHu;i

IBaH 3

)J,aJii

IIpOTH

IIepeJIHKana

aJie

Jiicax

II p o

u;eil

aKT

rroBcTanu;iB

IIpOTeCTaHTaMH HHX

O)J,HH

(IIIJIHXTOIO), Bee,

Jie)J,Be

IIoBepTaroqn 3 rrepeMororo, B

ceJii

KOMIIaHii

Ka)J,o6noMy, He

)J,e

II,

IIiiiio,

CIIpHHB

IIpOTH

PiBni

ceJIHH,

6araTO

Ka)J,o6noro

rpa6iBChKHH

IIIJIHXTH

Manno

3aMOK B Mail-

rroBcTanu;i.

, BrraJIH )J,O

ropH

CBO-

narraJIH

nailu;inniiiiHM

KiHHO

3arin

MaeToK,

crraJIHJIH,

rrncaB:

,HKi

3)1,0-

Ha)J,

Ha IIaHChKHH

3aMKY

IIOrOHIO

IIOB6HBaJIH,

yTeKJIH".

crraJIHJIH IIIJIHXeTChKHH )J,Bip y THX

Bin

IIIJIHXTH.

BOHH

3HHIIIHJIH

yTiKaTH

iHIIIi

)J,aJih-

rrpaBocJiaB-

p03IIpaBy

HKHH

IIiiiiJIH

)J,irHaBIIIH,

MicTi

KiJILKaTncnqnnil

ceJii

IIiiiiJIH

,Uyneu;L.

BeJIMHHa I I rrepexorrHJIH

iloro,

CBO€l

Ha3HBaJia

IIpH6yB.

IIOXO)J,H

CBapnqeBi,

O)J,Hi

rroKapaJIH

IIOMaraJIH".

i3 IIIJIHXTHqiB

3aXOIIHBIIIH

Bi)J,irpaBaB

BCTaHO-

roTyBaJIHCH

po3rroqaJIH

IIIJIHXTa rroqaJia ceJia

3Jio6oro

MnKoJiaH

HhOMY

rpa6iBChKOrO

ypH)J,,

6ynTiBHHKiB".

3HaHIIIOBIIIH

COTHi

u;eHTpOM

IIaTpHu;iiB

cTapocTBi.

ne)J,aJieKo

(POlKHHTiBChKOro)

HeHaBHCTIO

MaeToK

IIoKyTTH.

MiChKHH

CIO)J,H

BHpyiiiHB

po-

IIOBCTaJii

IIOBCTaJIHX

KaJiyiiia

HKHH

raKiB-

TaKOlK

cBol napa)J,H,

MiChKHX

IIIJIHXTOIO

OIIOpHHM

cB.

6paJIH 3HTHMH.

IIOBCTaHu;iB

IIIJIHXTa

u;epKBH

3arOHOM,

IIOBCTaJii

PoMHHTOBi.

cepe)],

IIOiMeHHO

rapMaTaMH,

ryJILTHIB

3)J,o6yTTi

KaJiycLKOMY

HOM,

6iil

KaJiyiii

oprani3yBaBIIIH

rranchKHH

3Bi)J,TiJih

3a6paBIIIH

JIOTpiB,

KocaKOBChKol.

3)J,o6yJIH

3a6paJIH.

KaTOJIHllhKHH

rrpoBO)J,HJIH

,rreKeJihHOIO

rrani

qncJIO

BOHH

6paTaMH,

pyiiiHHIIHMH,

Micu;e

rpa6iBChKHH

aK-

peecTpiB

ypH)J,OM,

036pO€Ha

BHIIa)J,KOBO

MiillaH

p.,

IIOBCTaHHi

CHHaMH i

I I O)J,iJiy

3p06HJIH

K03allhKHM

IMH rno6nTeJIHMH )J,Bip

poJih

KaJiyiii

IIOBCTaHu;iB,

MaJIO CTapHH

6aThKH 3 6yJia

ceJIHHH.

rrepe)J,

IIIO

KOCaMH.

rrepe)J,MichKOI

oprani3yBaTH

6yTTIO

u;e

Bcix

AKTHBHY

IIIJIHXTa

MY3HKOIO.

rroBcTaJii,

CBHilleHHK

3YMiB

CTOJIHlleiO.

rroxo)J,H.

HHH

CKHHYBIIIH

3ocepe)J,HJIHCH IIIi

Hai16iJihiii

164 6

JIHCTOIIa)J,i

36p0€10

BHJiaMH,

yKpaiHChKHH,

)J,iHJihHOCTi, KaJiyiii

pyqHOIO

rrparropaMH

rrepio)J,

CKJia)J,aJIH

XapaKTepHO,

rpa6iBChKOrO

HOlKaMH,

IIi)],

CKJia)J,aJia

lliJIHMH ciM'HMH,

K06HJIKaMH,

raTHHaMH,

lKOBTHi

Bi)J,COTKiB,

CeJIHHH.

yqaCTh rpoMa)J,aMH,

qoJIOBiK.

6iJIH

HKi

rrepeJiiqyroThCH

HHIIHMH,

50 0

)J,OCHr JIO

CKapr

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

KpexoBnqax

6ynTyBaJIHCH Bi)J,CTYIIHB

CBOIM

390

BoJtoiJuMup

3aronoM )J,O BHpyiiiHJIH c.

KaJiyrna i

TorriJihChKY

)J,Bopi

Rna 3eJiiHChKOro, cJiyr.

rropaHHJIH

AniJ,pin

KaTepnny

3a6e3rreqHBIIIH

MaeToK

Ea6nn.

6a6iHChKY

ciM'€10

0qncTHBIIIH rrpOBO)J,OM

MiRKY

MiChKHH

IIi)J,iHIIIJIH

Mipeo;LKoro, 6araThOX

BHXO)J,HTH

IIIJIHXTnqa xoqeTe

MeToiO

HaMH

TaKoMy 3

IIIJIHXH,

ce6e

RH O)J,HH

Bin

IIIJIHXTHqeBi:

)J,e

ITO

Ha HHX BlKe

qeKaJIH

6opOTb6i.

CBOIMH

,K03aKH Bonn HHMH

)1,0

3YIIHHHJIHCH 6yJIH

Jiicax"

)1,0

qaCTHHa a

MicTi

KOJIH

rroqaJiocn BaBMH-

HaKa3aB

yKpaiHChKHX MimaH

36poero

KpnqaB: 3a

ITCH

Bin

6y)J,yTh

K03allhKHM

<l>e)J,hKO na

,,UoKiJih

p03IIOpH)J,lKeHHHM

)J,aJii

,)J,aJihiiiHX

rrorpoMyBaB

XJie6TaTH".

3aronoM

MimaHH.

KOJIH Mima-

pyKax"

IIpOTe, 6onqnch

pyxaJIH.

yKpaiHChKi

MiCTO

MimaHCTBo,

6yJio".

KpOB

rri)J,iHIIIJIH

BoHH

)J,O

ypoqnc-

K03aKiB-BH3BOJIHTeJiiB Ta CBOIX cyci)J,iB-II06pa-

,UoJIHHChKHH

rrapalj>iHHaMH

B'IXaJIH

TBOIO

crriJihHO

o6cTaHOBlli 3YCTpiJIH

THMiB

IIIO

KaJiymHHH

IIi)],

CTapOCTBO.

ypH)J,".

o6ypeHHHM

TOrO

CJierrKoBa

,IlaM'HTaif,

IloBcTaJii ,UoJIHHH,

<l>e)J,LKa

CTapOCTHHChKHH

IleHhKOBChKHH

6yproMiCTpa llhOrO MimaHHHa XOTiJIH yB'H3HHTH, po3paxynKiB",

IIOBCTaHo;i

6yproMicTp

CBiH

,KHHYBCH

)J,OCHTh

HaBKOJIO

,3aMirnanni"

yKpalncLKe

COTHHK

B6HBCTBa.

CBiH

pa30M

HaCeJieHHHM.

,UoJIHHChKHH

naToBrry

KepyBaTH,

IIi)J,rOTOBJIHTH

IIOXOBaJIHCH

rpyrryBaTHCH

CTOpOlKHTH

BHpBaBcH

TpHBOra,

rroBepnyJIHCH.

CKJiaCTH

CTOpOlKi

,UoJIHHChKe

po3rroqaJIH

MimaH.

orrnHHBIIIHCh

rroqaJio

MiChKOI

IIIJIHXTH,

yKpaiHChKHM

6e3IIeKH

,MyCHB

Bi)J,

3aiiaHyBaJia

KaJiymHHH,

yKpaiHChKHX

pHHKY

CJierrKiB

IIaHa

,cKJIHKaB

,6y)J,HHOK

CIIiHMaJIH

rrepeHIIIJIH

perrpecii Ha)J, ,)J,JIH

CBHilleHHK,

IIIJIHXeTChKHH

KaJiymHHY

KJiacy

IIOBepHyBCH

MaHHO.

IIaHH-KaTOJIHKH

MimaH

Mico;eBnil

KiMHaTH,

iforo

BCIO

IIaHiBHOrO

MimaH,

KepiBHHK

CeJIHHH

IIaHChKi

rpa6iBChKOro

AnyJILqno;L,

IIOBCTaHo;i

HeiiOCJIYX

Rna

CBapnqeBChKY'

IIaCIIOpTOM",

)J,OBi)J,aBcH

3aXOIIHBIIIH

ypH)J,H,

3aBopyrneHHH

B6HJIH

Co<J>iro

,K03allhKHM

036poeHi

IIOCHJIHJIH

)J,OJIHHChKHX

TiH

IIicJIH o;Loro rroBcTaJii

Mico;eBoro IIIJIHXTHqa,

CBapnqeBChKoro

ry6io;LKY i

u;e

MaHMe

IBaHa

cepe)],

o6opOHH,

neo;h

Ilpo

BBipBaJIHCH

3HHIIIHJIH,

,UoJIHHi

ce6e

rpoMa)J,y".

OTOqHJIH",

HaM

)J,e

illJIHXTnq CaMyiJI PoMHHTiBChKHH yTiK )J,O PoMHHTiBChKoro 3aMKy,

IIOTiM,

3aTpnMaBcH TYT )J,Ba THMHi.

npOIIIHiB,

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

rrpaBOCJiaBHHH

3YCTpiqaTH

CBHmeHHK

,BHHIIIOB

qeTBep,

Mimannna

<l>e)J,opa

KBacnoro.

K03aKiB".

lKOBTHH,

,UoJIHHH". B

KaJiyChKi

yKpalncLKoro MimaHH

IIOBCTaHo;i

RchKO,

HKHH

CJIYlKHB

imocmpoeaHa MoHR Te,

icmopi5l

JiorHHOBHqa

BaHHH

,I(OJIHHi,

IIpHHIIIOB <l>e)J,Opa

)1,0

3HHmHJIH

,I(OJIHHChKOMY

3B'H3KH

Bi,ll,oMo, rroBcTaJii

K03aKiB

Mail.lKe

rrpn

TO)J,i

II OBCTaHHH

poJih

xapaKTep.

)J,apiB, ro

pyifHyBaJIH

IIaHyBaHHH

BOHH

)1,0

ce6e

rpa6iB-

KaJiycLKOMY 6oifo-

CeMeH

BncoqaH.

CTy,ll,iiiKa

3aroHH

IIOBCTaJIHX

K03aKH

HOCHJIH

ceJii

BncoqaHa,

HKi

MeCHHKH

3aMKH

KaJiymHHH

XMeJihHHllhKoro,

,I( 0-

HKi

TYT

IIOBCTaHu;i.

HBHO

3axorrJIIOBaJIH i

lj>opTeu;eiO.

3aroHiB

IIi)J,KOpHJIHCH

KOCThOJIH

Jiicy )J,OMi

IIi,ll,TpHMyBaJIH

3aMKOM

)J,OIIOMory

3 B

IBaHa

3aMKH

IIIJIHXeTChKHM

HapO,ll,Hi

JIH I I , HHmHJIH I I MaeTKH,

MeHe

KepyBaB

Bi)J,irpaJIH

KaJiymHHi

<l>e)J,bKa

rri3Ho

MimaH ••• "

IIpOBO)J,OM

IIOBCTaHu;i

Ilpo

rrepe6y-

K03aKiB

IJIH,

6y)J,HHKY

IIi)),

iHIIIi.

cy)J,i

,ll,y.lKe

HKHMH

CBOrO

IIO)J,HBHTHCH,

BOHH

TOMY

HapO,ll,Hi

IlHiBChKOIO

IIOBHiCTIO

6a.lKaiOqH

IloKyTTH,

qac

qeTBep

IIIJIHXeTChKi )J,Bopn,

opraHi3au;il

Ba.lKJIHBY

BH3BOJihHHH

Bci

IIi)),

rrepe6yBaHHH

KOJIH y

rroKJIHKaJIH

IIi)), B

IIOBCTaHu;i

oBoJio)J,iHHi

KaJiymHHH

rrepe6yBaJIH:

IX,

MeJihHHKiB

IIIJIHXeTChKOMY

rrpo

3aCTaB

CTapOCTBaX.

ne3CYMHiBHO, JIHHmHHH

391

3HTh

TY)J,H,

3acTaB

rroBcTaHIIHMH

rrepe6yBaJIH

IIiiiiOB

K03aKH

, OT.lKe

)J,OBi)J,aBCH

IIiiiiOB

)J,OIIOMOrOIO

rHaT,

3i3HaHHH

roBopnB:

XaTi.

ToM

IIOBO)J,HJIHCH

CBi)J,qHTh

BiH

KBaCHOrO.

IIpOCHJIH.

KaJiyrni,

MiCTa

o6XO)J,HJIHCH

ChKOrO

)J,HCIIHIIJiiHOBaHO

Ka)J,HJihHHKOBa.

JlpUiwpnammR.

MaiiHo,

Hau;ioHaJihHO-

cou;iaJihHHH Haiia)J,aJIH

Ha IIIJIHXTy,

B6nBaJIH

OIIOpHi

u;eHTpH

Kapa-

rraHiB,

opeH-

IIIJIHXeTChKO-

IlpHKaprraTTi.

II 0 K03A q£HH51 IIPllKAPIIATCbKO fO JUO)JY, XAPAKTEP HAPO)J;HOfO IIOBCTAHH51 h

A> A 5

a.lKJIHBHM B

BIIJIHBOM BiilchK

IloK03aqeHHH IIpHXO)J,y IIi)J,qaiiiHH

K03aKiB

MeTO)J,H

Te,

BiHHH

Bci

y,ll,apHi

Hapo,ll,HHX

Mac

MimaHH

IIi)),

CeJIHHH

rrepe6yBaHHH pncn, 3arOHH,

HaCeJieHHH

3aXi)J,HOyKpaiHChKi IIHCaB

rroBcTaHHH

TYT

xapaKTepHi rrepeifMaJIH

K03allhKHX )J,JIH

Ha)J,-

Bi)J,

K03a-

6opOTh6H.

raJIHllhKOrO

KOpOHHHH

rpi3Horo

6y JIO

rrpoHBJIHJIH

aKTHBi3yBaJIHCH

opraHi3au;iiO

)J,O

3eMJii

BH3BOJihHOI

rroKo3aqnJIHCH

)J,HirrpHHmHHH, KiB

CTHMYJIOM

raJIHllhKiH

IIOMiTHJia

3eMJii.

JlbBOBa:

,nor

IIIJIHXTa

TpaBHH

3HaB,

164 8 3

)1,0

poKy

HaiiiHM

392

BoJtoiJuMup

PycLKHM

BO€BO)J,CTBOM

BCTYIIOM

K03aKiB

MaCOBOrO

IIi)J,KpeCJIIOBaJia

oKo

UJ:O

BCTaJii

IIpHMe

opeH)J,api,

CeJIHHH

lKOBHip,

qaJIHCH

K03aK,

Ili)J,

qac

6araThOX Ha UJ:O

6yJIO

HOBHM,

qnMCh

paBJiiHHi

BeJiacn UJ:O

THX

BJia)J,a

qoJioBiK.

MicTax

TaKOlK

Ilo)J,i6HO JlLBiBChKHH

Mirn:aHH

CKJia)J,aiOqH

rricJIH

K03aKaMH. 3rO)J,OM

IIi)J,KpeCJIIOBaJIH, THTY JIOM

UJ:O

Terrep

raJinqnHi

110-

K03aKiB".

rOBOpHB:

B6'10".

,Ocb

3ycTpi-

MOHaXiB CTaB

HapO)J,HHX

MiChKOMY XVII

CaMOU:e He

CaMoyrr-

cT.

BHHHKa€

KaJiyiiii,

pyKH

XapaK-

ropO)J,Ky,

yKpaiHChKHX

,K03aKH

rrepiiiy

KoMapHo,

HOBHH

rpnu;eM

ypn)J,y

BiH

aJie

BXO)J,HJIO

KaJiyUJ:HHH K03aKiB

HOBHH

BoJIHKOBnqeM.

o6paHo

Mirn:aHHHa

,Heo6MeMeHo

IBaHa

yrrpaBJIHB

IIOMiqHHKiB. BHHHKJIH

Kyiii eBnq TaK

ypH)J,

)J,OIIOMOrOIO

IIIJIHXTH

BiHTOM"'

ypn)J,y,

rroBcTaJIHX

6yproMiCTpOM

IlpH

MiUJ:aH.

3po6HJIH

yKpaiHChKoro

,cTOJIHIIi"

ypH)J,H

JIBopoBi

rroJIOBHHH

OKOJIHIIh.

CBOIX

yqaCTh

PoraTHHi,

cBi)J,qeHHHM

3HeCeHHH,

BHTHTO,

CaMOBpH)J,yBaHHH

yKpaiHChKoro 3a

yKpaiHChKi

o6ca)J,MeHHH,

yKpaiHChKe

iCTOpHqHiH JiiTepaTypi.

rrepiiiol

CTBOpeHHH

qoJii

rraTpnu;iil

MicLKoro

MiCTa

)J,OIIOMOrOIO

KaTOJIHIIhKHH

CTBOpiOBaJIOCH

KyiiiapChKOro

6yB

HKHH

rrepeXO)J,HJia

roJioBoiO

ropO)J,Ky

JIHKaMH

IloBi-

HKHX rroqaJiaCH IIH 6opOTb6a paHiiiie.

KaJiyiiii

ypH)J,

Tepe6oBJii

KepiBHHKOM

MicTi

JlaBpHHOBoro,

BiHChK

yKpaiHIIiB

XVI

!1,.),

raBpHIJia

yKpaiHChKHH

IIOCTiHHO

CIIOKiHHHX

ce6e

IIIJIHXTHqa,

B6HB,

CeJiaX

yKpaiHChKe

IIOBCTaJIHX B

(Tepe6oBJii,

IIOBHiCTIO

)IOJIHHUJ:HHH

)J,iB

K03allhKHX

MiCTaX

rrpoTnroM

JIHIIIe

oqoJIIOBaB

MiCTOM

THM

6opOTb6a

1648

PoraTHHi

cTaB

Kaparoqn

RHoBi

IIpOBO)J,OM

He 3BepTaJIOCH yBarH

)IOJIHHi, )lporo6nqi i TOMY

rrepe)J,

rrepe6yBaHHH

BpH)J,yBaHHH,

qepry

IIOCTiHHO

,IIi)],

)])iJ,yiiiHIIh,

IIIJIHXTa

Ha3HBaJIH

rroqaTKOM

MiHKH-K03aqKH.

IIOBCTaHh

TepHo,

K03aK".

HaCeJieHHH.

)J,yXiBHHIITBO,

Ma€TKiB,

,rrepeMiHHJIHCH

K03aKiB".

KaTOJIHIIhKe

xJiorr,

poKy

MiUJ:aH

Bi)J,KpHTO

)J,iHJIH

rn:o

raJIHIIhKOrO

MiUJ:aHH

BJia)J,H

MiUJ:aHH

IloBCTaJIHH ceJIHHHH i

IIOK03aqeHHH

CBOIX

TYT

1648

CeJIHH

HeBraMoBaHnx

p030peHh

BOCeHH

IIOBCTaHHH

IIIJIHXeTChKOI

<l>eo)J,aJIH,

)J,iHTHCH,

Tepe60BJIHHChKi

JIIO)J,eil

CKHHeHHH

pe€CTpH

6y)J,e

raJIHqHHY

36pOHHOrO

)J,OMJIHJia, Ha

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

IIHCaB:

pycLKHH CBiTChKHX

CIIYCTHJIH,

rrpo

iHIIIHX

MiCTaX

CTBopeHHH

,B3HTO

OTlKe

BCTaHOBJieHnil, KChOH)J,3iB ryMHa

)1,0

o6ox TOrO

JlhBiBUJ:HHH.

yKpaiHChKHX ropO)J,OK 3aMoK

ypnypH)J,

K03aKaMH

IIOJIOBHH qacy

KaTO-

MOJIOTHTh

ImocmpoeaHa 36i.lK.lKH Toro

OIIOpH

CHJiaMH

3arOHH

36yrrTyBaJIH,

,Uail,

TOMY

E o.lKe,

raJIHllhKi Ha

)J,.lKepeJI

po3)J,aBaB

rri3orrn,

HKi

CBOI

.lKHTH,

MicTax

CIIpHHTH CBO€l

r.)

HHX

o6'e)J,Hy-

CIIiJihHHMH

poKy

name

MarHaT

XJIOIICTBO

BeJIHKHMH

mo,

KOJIH

CHJiaMH

Bqacrro

BeJIHKOrO

IIIJIHXTa

Mac.

CeJIHHH

)1,0

TYT

Ma€TKH 6e3

IIi)J,ipBa-

3MiliHeHHi

K03aKH

TaK

raJIHqHHH

ceJIHHChKHX

BCi

Eor)J,aH

TaKi

IIOBCTaHHH.

6o 6y)J,e iJ,y.lKe 3Jie". OCTaToqrro

BOHH

IIaHa-)J,ep.lKaBIIH,

cBol

ceJIHHH

KO.lKHOMY

IIO.lKHTKH HK

XMeJihHHllhKHH

3aXO)J,H'

IIIJIHXTi.

3aJinrnaB

Mic~:~eBi

ToMaiiiiBChKHH

,6yJIH JIHIIIe

)J,O

MiCTaX

19 . X I I .1648

CIIO)J,iBaTHCH

BipHJIH,

BiJihHO

3aXi)J,HOyKpaiHChKi

BO.lK)J,eM

3HHme-

)J,OIIOMO-

opeH)J,apH,

Mimarrn.

rro)J,eKy)J,H

MnKoJia

3aJIHIIIHB

BJiacrroMy,

HKHM

Bi)J,-

BChO-

OcTpopor rrncaB,

3aJiorn,

cy)J,H a

Ha)J,)J,HirrpHHiliHHi,

raprri3orrn,

IIpHBO)J,HTh,

cBoeMy

cy)J,oBo-a)J,MirricTpaTHBHOMY

K03allhKi

MicTi

co6i

To6To

rap-

Bi)J,rrpaBJIHIOTh

ceJIHHH

rrarriB

CJiyXaiOTh"

CTerraH qnrry

KOCThOJiiB

,rrpn6yJii

HeMaJie,

icTopiorpalj>il rrarryBaJia iJ,YMKa,

Koro

CeJIHHH

3)J,iHCHIOBaB

yrrpaBJIHIOTh

BJiaCHHX

JlbBOBa,

KChOH)J,3a.

3eMJii

MimaHH

(K03aKiB

IIOBepHeThCH

XMeJihHHllhKHH

B3araJii

TaKo.lK )J,O

IIaTpH£1iaTy,

ropHyJIHCH

BJia)J,y.

MO.lKHa

)J,OBi)J,yeMocn,

rri)J,KOpHJIHCH

)J,e

IIaHyBaHHH,

OKOJIHllh

raJIHllhKi

BiHChKO

rrpnBiJiel !1,pi6rriil

rrornerrrri MY

6y)J,yTh

KaTOJIHllhKOrO

raJIHllhKiH

3JIY,

MimaHH

K03aKiB

3aroHiB

HHX

rrpnrrriqerrrrn

IIIJIHXeTChKY

)1,0

ypH)J,iB

mo6 )J,aJILIIIe TO 3JIO rre 3MiliHIOBaJiocn,

6iJihiiie

roiO

aJie

IIOBCTaJIHX,

IXH€

CTOpOHH

MOHaCTHpiB,

rroBi)J,OMJIHB,

3rpoMa)J,.lKYIOThCH

i1,pyroi

iH03eMHOrO

MiCTa,

KaTOJIHllhKHX

OcTpopor

yKpaiHChKHX

6araToro

JIHIIIe

JiiKBi)J,OByBaJIH

3arro6irTH

RBopoBoM,

IIOJihChKO-IIIJIHXeTChKe

K03allhKHX

BeJIHKi

MnKoJia

.HrroBoM

rra~:~iorraJILHoro

Ili)J, BIIJIHBOM

TaK

IIIJIHXTH

HOBHX

II03HIJji

MaCaM

3HHmeHHH

BaJIHCH

393

6e3rreqHHMH".

3HHmHTH

eKOHOMiqrri

BJia)J,H,

MiCTeqKaX

6yTH

MeTOIO

OCT a Toqrro

HapO)J,HHM

cTaJiocn

iHIIIHX

MO.lKeMO

0CHOBHOIO 6y JIO

rocrro)J,apyiOTh.

.lK )J,i€ThCH

THM

ToM

IlpuKapnammR.

rrpo)J,aiOTh.

qacy

To 3a

icmopi5l

Bi)J,XO)J,Y )J,O i

3eMJii

TBep)J,HB,

qncTHM MaHeBpoM"' KneBa

3BiJihHHTH

reTLMarry

KOrOCh

rrJiarrn

Eor)J,arra XMeJihHHllh-

BXO)J,HJIH. IIOXO)J,H a

,To)J,i

JIHllhKOI

XMeJihHHllhKOro

MnxaHJIO ani

CHHJIOCH

HeBOJii".

rpyrneBChKHH 6yTn

IlpoTe

raJIHIIHCaB,

rrapo)J,HHM HaBe)J,eHHX

394

BoJtoiJuMup

BHID:e

lj>aKTiB

BH)J,HO,

1648

BOCeHH

poKy,

BHCJIOBJIIOBaBCH AJie

164 9

3Miu;HiJIH, HH

pou;i

piK

Piqqro

OCHOBHHM B

p.),

YKpaiHH

rroqaB

BiHHH.

rri)J,

illJIHXeTChKHH

ycrriiiiHO

BiHChKaMH

CTOHB

)J,O

II03Hllii

raJinq". BiHChK

raJIHllhKe

ypH)J,,

He (B

BiHHH.

qepBHH

IIi)J,iHIIIOB

JIIOTHH

KaT

Ilo)J,iJIJIH

)J,OMiriiiHCH ciqHi-JIIOTO-

XMeJihHHllhKHH, IIi)],

36apalK,

yKpaiHChKOrO

)J,e

Hapo)J,y

BHIIIHeBellhKHH.

Ko3aKH

rrepiiiHX

)J,HiB

o6JioMeHoMy 36apaMi rroqaJiacn rraHiKa,

erri)J,eMiH.

KOpOJih,

rri)J,

36opiB.

illJIHXeTChKi

HKHH

HaCHIIH

HaCTYII

IIIJIHXTi.

BaB

IIITyqHi

ycrriiiiHHH

BOHH

3BeJIH

IIOBeJIH

KpiiiOCTh,

Jiacn

HaKpecJIHB KOp)J,o-

IIepencJiaBi

roTyBaTHCH

IIOJIKH,

BiH

raJIHqHHH.

BH3BOJihHHX

36opOBOM.

if oro

KOJIH

XoJIM

Bi)J,OMOI 6HTBH

raJIHqHHi

MipKyBaHh

TOMY qncJii

JlhBiB,

XMeJihHHllhKHM

K03allhKi

IIIJIHXTOIO,

,no

icTopi€10

TepeHOM

IIIJIHXeTChKHMH

.HpeMa

XMeJihHHllhKHH

CTpaTeriqHHX

IIocrroJIHTOIO reTLMaH

IIociiOJIHTOIO

rreperoBopax

opraHi3yBaBIIIH 3

rreperoBopax

3B'H3aHHH

CTaJIO

164 9

rrpH)J,iJIHB

TO)J,i

Piqqro

TepHTOpiii

ycrrixy MY

rrpn

6opoTL6i 3

IIIJIHXeTChKOIO

yBary

rn:e

3a BH3BOJieHHH BCi€I YKpaiHH,

BH3BOJieHHX

1649

HKY

xoq

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

BiilcLKa

OIIOJiqeHHHM

36apa3hKY

3arpoMyBaJIH

.HpeMH

IIi)J,iHIIIOB

o6JIOlKeHiH

roJio)J,,

rroiiiHpiOBa-

BHIIIHeBellhKoro

rrepiiiHX

BpHTy-

qncJiaX

cepiiHH

IIepe)J,6aqJIHBHH XMeJihHHllhKHH rrpoHBHB rri)J, 36opoBoM TaJiaHT BeJIHKoro Bi

IIOJIKOBO)J,IIH,

piKH

JlHIIH

CMiJIHBO

3arp03HB

aTaKyBaB

IIOBHOMY

KOpOJiiBChKi

OToqeHHIO

ChKOrO BiHChKa rroqaJIHCH IIaHiKa, BTeqi. KOpOJih HOrO

rroqaB

3rO)J,H

IIOBHOrO

K03allhKi

CTOpOHH i

CTOJIHIIIO

qopTKiB

BiHChKa

Ili)J,

qac

3eMJii, Ha

iHIIIi

IlHiBChKHH

rri)J,XO)J,HJIH

)J,O

Io:O

164 9

pou;i

K03aKH

,aM

3aMKiB

)J,OCTaBaJIH,

MilK

iHIIIHMH

)J,OMircH

BiHChKa

164 9 B

IIOBCTaJIHM

3aMOK

BOHH -

3aMKY

pi3Hi I I CeJIH3aroHH raJIHq

Haii6iJihiii

MillRY

JiiTorrnceu;h

I I HeBChKoro

poKy,

3)J,06yJIH

€3yiiiJih,

II03a ,UHiCTpOM

Bi)J,

IlHJIHBIIHMH.

(JIHIIeHL-ceprreHL)

MiCTa

KaprraT.

IIHCaB,

IIi)],

po3iHIIIJIHCH

IloKyTTi,

IlpHKaprraTTi,

KOpOJiiB-

XaHOM i

BJiiTKy

)J,OIIOMOrH

36apaMa

IlO)J,HiCTpOB'I,

raJIHllhKOI

pou;i, i

rreperrpa-

CTaHOBHID:e,

IIIJIHXeTChKi CTaJiaCH

raJIHqHHY

1648

IIpH

Cepe)],

3arp03JIHBe

TaTapChKHM

HKa

IIIJIHXTH

o6Jiorn

lj>opTe£110

BpHTyBaJIO

CHTyau;ii',

3HHID:eHHH

K03aKiB B)J,pyre )J,iHJIH Ha

IIIJIHXeTChKY

U:e

IIO)J,i6HOI

IIOJIKH,

naqaqH

rreperOBOpH

K03allhKOrO

MeTOIO

Mirn:aHaM.

Ta€MHi

rrepeMHp'H.

po3rpoMy

IIpHXO)J,OM

OKpeMi

HaM

BeCTH

BiHChKa

KOpOJIH.

JI3JIOBellh,

CaMOBH)J,ellh

KOJIO 3a

raJIHqa,

a)J,BOpHoiO

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

)J,OCTaBaJIH;

KaM'HHIVI

TYT

BOJIOCTi

0KpeMi

rpnHeBi,

3aroHH

MiCIIH

Bi)J,OMOCTi

MimaHH BiHChK,

ceJIHHH

KOJIH

K03aKH

BCTHrJia

IIOBepHyTHCH

CeJIHHH

,I(y6pOBJIHH MaeToK

aKTHBi3yBaJIHCH raJIHIIhKe He

JIHIIHH

36yHTyBaJiocH )J,OMJieHHi TH,

Bci

CTapnil,

TaK,

Op)J,OIO

qeKaJIH

3a IX

BHBi-

K03allhKHH

K03aKaMH )J,JIH

CeJIHHH

IIIO

XMeJihHHIIhKOMY

ClliJihHHMH Ti€10,

CBOI

rraHa.

BH-

CeJIHHH

CIIYCTOIIIHJIH

cJiy.lK6y.

Oco6JIHBO

IlpHKaprraTTH.

apMiiO

,Bee

HKa

Ma€T-

Bi)J,MOBHJIHCH

XMeJihHHIIhKOro,

p03TalllyBaHHH

K03allhKHX

TaMTeiiiH€

JIIO)J,eil",

,illrrnryHa )J,y.lKe TPYiJ,HO (rrpHXHJihHHKH

ropO)J,HHIIi

IIIJIHXTOIO

rrpo

poKy

B6HTa

rraHChKY

BJIHBaJIOCH

BH3BOJihHHX

OC06JIHBO

IIOBiTy

3arpo.lKyBaJIH

IIOBi)J,OMJIHJia,

rrpn6aBHJIO

164 8

OCeHi

IIOBi)J,OMJieHh

B)J,pyre

ITi)J,TpHMKOIO

po3irHaJIH

MaCOBO

IIIJIHXTa

3pa)J,HHKH

€)J,HHOrO

36apa.lKa )J,JIH

BiilchK.

IIIJIHXTOIO

6opOTh6y,

PaKoBi,

HiHKHX

roBopHJIOCH

3-rri)J,

LKH)J,aqiBChKOrO

6opOTh6y

IIIJIHXTi

BOHH

rraM' HTHOI

CaMoro

6y JIO".

rJIHHHHH

BO€BO)J,CTBa

6opOTh6y

HaceJieHHH

)J,aBaJIO

BiHChK.

po3CHJiaB

IIOBHHHOCTi,

lli)J,HHJIHCH

xi6a

KoHcTaHTaHiB

K03aiiTBO

lli)J,

rrpn6yJIH,

rriCJIH

Bep6iiiLKoro

KpiM

KOpOJIH".

,I(i)J,yiiiHqiB

lj>eo)J,aJihHi

395

KopoJiiBChKHX

PycLKoro

llpO)J,OB.lKyBaJIH

KH.

rro3H

,XO)J,HB

rrpo

CHJiaMH

KOHyBaTH

a.lK

XMeJihHHIIhKHH

IIOJIKOBHHK ,I(.lKe)J,.lKaJiiH B3HTTH

MiCTa,

OpTOpHi

3Haxo)J,.lKeHHH

ToM

BCi,

Ilo)J,OJihChKoro,

illyJih.lKHHIIHX,

iJ,yBaHHH

IlpuKapnammR.

Mi.lK Tie10

XMeJihHHIIhKoro),

XJIOIICTBO

iHIIIOMY

rroBi-

Pycc10

3Haii-

H3HKa

xoq

)J,iCTaHeThCH, rrpaB)J,H He CKa.lKe". niJihllle TOro, cepe)], MiCIIeBoro HaCeJieHHH 6y JIO

qnMaJio

e3Ba.lKaiOqn

raJIHqHHi. BaTH

BiHChKO

,)J,JIH

llleHh

IIOCJiyx".

100

BHIIa)J,OK,

II)

THCH

YTHXOMHpeHHH.

illJIHXTa,

KOp)J,OHiB

BiilcLKa

KOJIH

CIIHpaiOqHCh

3aCTOCOByBaJia

)J,eCh

3ariH

MaJIH

BOpora

MilllaH), )J,OCi

ITi)J,)J,aHChKHX

cep)J,ellh

.)J,OMOBHX"

HHX

800

qoJIOBiK,

oKpeMHX

MiCIIHX,

6yHT,

HeraHHO

cy)J,H,

3aBopy-

IIIJIHXeTChKi

opraHi3y-

CTOpOHHhOrO

(ceJIHH

900

cTaTH

BHHHKHe

BiHChKO, llpOTH

BO€BO)J,CTBa

IIOBCTaHHH

IIOCTaHOBHB

Bi)J,

BHKJia)J,eHHH

IIIJIHXeTChKHH

rri111nx.

IIOBCTaHIIiB,

poKy

Bi)J, )J,OMOBHX

)J,JIH

PycLKoro

llpH)J,ylllyBaJia

raJIHIIhKiH 3eMJii Ha rrpH)J,yllleHHH

HaKa3aHO )J,JIH

14.111.1649

CIIOKOIO i

IIIJIHXTa

BOrHeM

3a6e3rreqeHHH

opraHi3yBaBCH

KiHHHX

CeHMHK

6yHTiBHHKiB B

6nTBY,

MeqeM

BHyTpiiiiHhOrO

BraMOBaHHX

XMeJihHHIIhKoro.

36opiBChKY

poKy

raJIHIIhKHH

(K03aKiB),

)J,aBHiH

164 9

llpOTHrOM

po3Bi)J,HHKiB

Bi)J,rrpaBJIH-

yB'H3HIOBaJia

HHX HaH.lKOpCTOKillli KapH.

Bo3Hi

396

BoJtoiJuMup

raJIHllhKOro, KOro,

lKH)J,aqiBChKOro,

6eJI3hKOro,

BiHChKa CIIHCKH

o6'IlK)J,lKaJIH IIIKO)J,,

niJihiiiOCTi BiiiiaJIH, ChKa.

MyqHJIH

llicJIH

pyxy

llicJIH

TaiOqHM

TaM

Binnnu;ero

)J,OCBi)J,qeHHH IIIHHChKY

BOIOBaB

IIIJIHXTOIO

6opoBcH

HeMaJIOBalKHY

pOJih

IIOJIKY y

60HX

TaKOlK IBana

JII06HMellh

aKTHBHHMH

Bi)J,CTYIIHB

HapO)J,HHX B

aJie

pou;i

IIOJihChKO-IIIJIHXeTChKHMH

BlKe

Bncoqan Bin,

3aHMaB

IIITa6

rrpnrrHHHB

BiilchK.

Mac,

HOrO

BCe3poc-

lloKyTTH

BiHHH,

1651

rroJihChKHX

BXO)J,HB

YKpa-

BH)J,aTHHH

rri)J,

Bin

BH3BOJihHOI B

6opoTL6y.

,UnicTpi,

Bncoqan

yqac-

IIpnKap-

BiilcLKaMH

Eoryna.

IIIJIHX-

eKCIIe)J,HlliH

3aJIHIIIaJIH

CeMeH

pOKH

noryna,

KepiBHHKaMH

rrpo)J,OBMyBaTH

IIIJIHXTY

nacTyrry

Bm-

crroci6

IIOBepHeHHH

Hai16iJihiii

XMeJihHHllhKoro.

rrpoTH

IIOJIKOBO)J,ellh,

IIOCa)J,y

rroJIKY

BiilchK

3aroniB

HaCTYIIHi

CTpaiiiHHH

BH3BOJihHHMH

BiHChK

IIIJIHXeTChKi

BiHChKOBHX

rrepecJii)J,yBannn, 3a

B6HBaJIH,

qeTBepTyBaJIH.

raJinqnni

KapaJihHHX

raJinqnni

3YIIHHHTH

pyxy

K03allhKHX

rraJii,

K03allhKHX

crrpo6n

CTaHOBHIIJj.

3a6oJioToBi

p03IIpaBJIHJiaCH

CIIiJihHO

Bi)J,

IIOJihChKHX

)J,e

CKJia)J,aJIH

rOJIOBH,

JIIOTyBaJIH ceJIHH,

JlhBiBCh-

IIIJIHXTH

K03aqqnnn"

BO€HHOMY

KaJIYIIIHHi

BiHChK

Bi)J,cTyrrnJia

CKJia)J,i

HaiiOpOM

ca)J,HJIH

IIOBCTaHh

)J,OIIOMOrOIO

napO)J,HOro

Epau;JiaBIIIHHY,

CKJia)J,i

HeB)J,aJIOI

6opOTh6H

rri)J,

IIOBCTaHHi,

MeqaMH

K03aKiB"

K03allhKHX

pnTyroqnch

acTnna

III o6

rrpOBO)J,Hp

HapO)J,HHX

pyxy,

rraTTH.

Bi)J,CTyrri

CTHHaJIH

HarJIH)J,OM

yqaCTh

0co6JIHBO

roJIOBH,

ITO

Ma€TKH

KepiBHHKH

IHY,

IIOBCTaHh

CHHOllhKOro,

IIi)],

,BeJIHKOI CIIpaBH

3HaXO)J,HJIOCH

TIOpMaX.

Bi)J,CTYIIY

CBOI

HHKaMH

6paJIH

ceJii Jlnca po3cTpiJIHJIH

,3apa3

napo)J,noro

HKi

rpo)J,iB

BHaCJii)J,OK

lj>aKTHqno

Bi)J,py6aJIH

IIIJIHXTa

HKe

yqacHHKiB

Bonn

Miiu;anaM

CeJia,

3aiiO)J,iHHHX

llpHKaprraTTi,

rrepeMHIIIJihChKOro,

Tepe60BJIHHChKOrO

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

CTap-

Bi)J,irpaB

BiHChKaMH

IIi)],

Binnnu;ero. ,roJIOBHHH

a)J,'IOTaHT

KepiBHHK

Eepe30BChKHH

TaKoM

KepiBHHKOM

YKpaiHY.

BalKKi

peBOJIIOllii

Bi)J,iHIIIOB 3

1744

pou;i

TOll

Eepe3oBa

IIIJIHXTOIO.

(BacHJIH,

rrepe)J,

)J,MepeJiax qac

IBana,

IIOBepHyJIHCH

THX

Bin

3arrncano,

TaM

Bin

oMeHHBCH,

Teo)J,opa, pO)J,HHHe

CeMena

IIIJIHXTH

KpaHX

llo)J,iJIJIH".

YKpaini

rpnropiH,

IIITa6y"

nacTyrroM

Bncoqana,

Bi)J,iHIIIOB IIIO

Bin

MOlKyqn

Jlech CBOIM pi3ni

yTpHMaTHCH, 6opoTHCH

)J,iTeil

IIanTeJieHMOHa)'

CeJIO.

, qepe3

rrpo)J,OBMyBaB MaB

HKi

cnniB

TiJihKH

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

397

ToM

IIPllKAPIIATCbKA TPAfE)J)51 1649 POKY Bi)J,CTYIIOM BH3BOJihHHX BiHChK

E. XMeJihHHII,hKOro i3 raJiuqu-

HH B ciqHi 1649 poKy Ha IIpuKaprraTTi po3rroqaJiacn KpuBaBa )J,paMa. illJIHXeTChKi 3arOHH, Ha)J,iCJiaHi KOpOJiiBChKHM ypH)J,OM, y

KpOBi

BOrHi

3)J,06yBaJIU

IIpUKaprraTChKi

CeJia

MiCTa,

quHUJIU

HeqyBaHi, )J,HKi po3rrpaBu. CBaBOJIH i po3rHy3)J,aHiCTh KapaJihHHX eKcrre)J,HII,iii He MaJIU Me.lK. Ha IIpH)J,yiiieHHH IIOBCTaHHH B 3a60JIOTiBIII,HHY Ta KoJioMuiimuHy 6yJiu KHHyTi )J,Bi IIIJIHXeTChKi xopyrBu, oqoJIIOBaHi poTMicTpaMu C. HoBoceJihChKHM BoHu

ma)J,HJIH

HiKoro,

OcTpOBChKHM.

B6uBaJiu

Bcix

BHHHHX

HeBHHHHX

ceJIHH, MimaH, po3oproBaJiu 11,0 KopeHH IX rocrro)J,apcTBa.

caMoMy

3a6oJIOTOBi 6yJio B6UTO BiiiTa KocTHHa, JiiTa PycKa, rop)J,eH, TyJiyrrKa MaTeR, OJieKcy rpiqa, KJIIOIIiqa, KJIIOIIiqoBoro 6paTa MapTUHa, 6paTa MapTUHOBoro, repacuMa i uoro 6paTa, BacUJIH ,UyMHiKOBoro, TBaHa KyrnHipa,

HII,Ka

BoJiornuHa, iHIIIUX.

Tpaqa,

IIaBJia

<l>e11,opa TaTapuHa,

qepHicKa,

AH11,pin

IBaHa KyrnHipa,

J>yqaqKa,

03apKa i

IBaHa

6araTLox

Po3JIIOqeHi BOHKH rrepeTBOpUJIUCH B CIIpaB.lKHiX KaTiB, y6uBa-

JIU .lKiHOK, HaBiTh MaJieHhKHX )J,iTeii.

O)J,HiH i3 IIIJIHXeTChKHX CKapr

3aiiUCaHO, III,O II,i BOHKH y 3a60JIOTOBi HaBiTh ,MaJieHhKHX )J,iTeii o6ox CTaTeU yMepTBJIHJIH, KpiM

B6HBCTBa

rpa6yHKOM.

6JIU3hKO 30 BIIeHh BHTHJIU".

ceJIHH

MimaH,

BiiichKO

BoHu 3a6paJiu i3 3a6oJioToBa i

3aiiMaJiocn

3BuqaiiHHM

HaBKOJIHIIIHix ciJI rriBTopu

THCHqi roJiiB poraTOI Xy)J,o6u, 100 roJiiB OBeii,h, 36i.lK.lKH, IIpO)J,YKTH, O)J,Hr, )J,OMaiiiHiH iHBeHTap i 6araTO iHIIIHX peqeu. 3a6paJIU 3 II,epKBH KHHrH pu3u.

ceJiax TyrruKoBi, OJieiiiKOBi, JiyrrHiBII,Hx, KoJiyxoBi, ,UJIMHTIIIY,

3a)J,y6piBII,HX i LKapKiBII,HX B 94 rocrro)J,apcTBax 3a6paJiu Bee )J,oqucTa. Po3opeHHH i crrycTorneHHH 3a6oJioTiBChKoro KJiroqa Ha6paJiu TaKoro

p03Mipy,

III,O

MiCII,eBa

IIIJIHXTa

BiHChKa )1,0 KOpoJiiBChKOro ypH)J,y, III,eHi 11,0 Kparo.

3MyiiieHa

6yJia

CKap.lKUTUCH

OCKiJihKH TyTeiiiHi ceJia 6yJIH 3HH-

CaM KopoJih HH Ka3uMup yHiBepcaJioM 3aKJIHKaB Ha

cBiii cy11, poTMicTpiB

HoBoceJihChKoro i

OcTpOBChKoro, KapaB IX 3a

Te, mo BOHH ,Bopo.lKHM crroco6oM" CBOIMH 3aroHaMu 3HHIII,HJIH Ma€TKH,

rropyrnyroqu

BiHChKOBi IIpUIIUCH,

3aB)J,aJIU

BeJIUKOI IIIKO)J,U.

raJIUII,hKa IIIJIHXTa BHpiiiiHJia B rreprny qepry po3rpOMUTU IIOBCTaHHH B

KaJiymuHi.

IIJ;e

qepBHi

1648 poKy raJIHII,hKHii ceiiMHK 3 MeToiO

398

BoJtoiJuMup

YTHXOMHpeHHH pyrBH, JieHa

HKi

HapOCTaiOqoro

MaJIH

BeCTH

IIIJIHXeTChKa

6araTHM

xopyrBa

3eMJieBJiaCHHKOM

AJie

IIOKH

o;eil

pyxy

6opOTh6y

rrapaJii3yBaB i

HapO)J,HOrO

BHpiiiiHB

)J,iHJihHiCTh

6pao;JiaBChKHM ypH)J,y

MaJIH

KaJiyiii

cepe)],

IIOBCTaJIHX,

IIOBCTaHHH i

qoJii

IIOCa)J,HB

1648

rpy)J,HH

IIOJihChKa Ha)J,aJia

HOMY

IloJihChKHH

III 0)1,0

)J,aHHMH

rricJIH

BCTaTIIIiB

IIIJIHXTa

4, RK

O)J,Horo BH)J,Ho,

KaMeHH, B6HBaJia

)J,e

CTpaTHJia.

U:e

MacoBy

IIIJIHXTa

l x )J,iTeil,

IIi

,cTHHaJia"

rpa6yBaJia

Ka-

3aMiiiiaHHH KepiBHHKiB

rpyrry

CTapy

Tiel

IIIJIHXeT-

3aKOBaHHX 6JIH3hKO

IIOBCTaJIHMH a

BHXBaJIHB

28-2 9 MiChKa 3rO)J,OM

rri)J,)J,aHnx"

6yJIH

CeJIHHH

4, 5,

rroBcTaHHi He

ciJI

JIHIIIe TaK,

6paJIH

yqacHHKiB B

IIOBCTaHo;iB

Jla3HOMY

24.

ceJIHHH

EepJior

rroBcTaHHH,

EepJiorax,

CeJIHH-110-

KaJiyChKOrO

Ka)J,o6HoMy EepJiorax

BH)J,Ho,

200

,IIIJIHXTOIO 6yJIO CTHTO"

CiBo;i -

MaiiHo.

CllpOCTO-

cTapocTBa,

MaKOBChKHM, IloHa)J,

KaJiyiiia Ta

TBep)J,lKeHHH

,peecTpi Me

,)J,iHJihHicTL"

IIIO)J,O lKHTeJiiB

TeH)J,eHo;iiiHi

He6nJioBi

yqacTh

3aroHoM

IIO)J,aTKiB,

IIOBCTaHIIHMH.

pe€CTpi,

IIiiiJii -

qoJii

IIOBCTaHHH i3

Bi)J,6y JIOCH

BciJIHKO

caMHM

Ha)J,

yB'H3HHB

Ha)J,

MiCTa

IIIJIHXeTChKOrO

IIOBCTaHHH,

Bi)J,

3eMJii.

)J,MepeJI.

IIIJIHXTa

rroBiiiieHo,

Ma€TOK

BHHHT-

IIOBCTaHHH.

o;eHTp

raJIH-

3axoBaBcH

xopyrBH

Bi)J,HOBHB

U:e

MaKOBChKoro

AJie

K03aKiB

CrrnpaiOqHCh

p03IIpaBy

IIpoxacKa

JIK 3aiiHCaHO B

MocTHChKax -

BiH

HaKa30M

MiCTO

eKCIIe)J,HIIil.

BHKOpHCTaBIIIH

IIOBCTaHHH,

HOrO

K03aqqnHH

JIIOTyBaJia

3aXOIIHB

MiChKOI

iHIIIHX

XO-

BH)J,i-

IIOBCTaHHH

BiHChK

BTeKJia,

MaKOBChKHH

KepiBHHKiB

IIO)J,HKY

IIOBCTaHo;iB.

CTpaiiiHO

CTapOCTBa.

rrocTyrroK"

ryMaHi3M

3BiJihHHJia

OIIOpHHH

3aMKOBY KpiiiOCTh.

icTopHK

BYIOThCH

HKi

rpa6iBChKHM.

BJia)J,y,

IIpOTH

IIIJIHXTOIO,

3pa)J,HJia

qacTHHY

,rro6JiaMJIHBHH

CKJia)J,eHoMy

poKy.

BJia)J,a

IIOXi)J,,

Bi)J,CTYIIY

IIIJIHXeTChKi

3piBHHTH"

HKa

ChKO -II a TpHo;iaHChKY KaH)J,aHH,

)J,Bi

JiicHnqnil

yo;iJiiJIOIO

MaKOBChKoro.

BHCTYIIHTH il

HeCIIO)J,iBaHO

MiiiiaH,

6yJia

KyporraTBOIO,

o;iei KapaJihHOI

IIiCJIH

U:eTHepoM,

,3HeCTH

JiiCHHqHX

IIIJIHXTH

rri)J,XO)J,HJIH

OKOJIHIIi.

IIOBiTOBi

K03allhKHX

qacTHHa IIIJIHXTH

JIHIIIe

CTapOCTOIO

iloro

JIYCLKHX

pyxy

qacTHHOIO

KaJIYIIIHHH

IIIJIHXTY

IIpHXi)J,

KaJiyiiia

KOM cTapocTHHChKoro JiicHnqoro rrepio)J,

rroJIKOBHHKOM

36HpaB

qnHy

cTapocTBa

3oKpeMa,

IlpHKaprraTTH.

KepiBHHK

IIOIIIHpiOBaJIOCH

lj>aKTHqHo

IIO)J,aTOK

IIOBCTaJIHMH.

qoJii

XMeJihHHIIhKOrO

KaJiycLKoro

YXBaJIHB

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

KpiM

aJie

Toro,

IIIO

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopifl

IlpuKapnammR.

399

ToM

24 CeJIHH, KapaTeJii CIIaJIHJIH 18 6y)J,HHKiB, a B MJIHHi

6yJIO ,CT11TO"

8 )J,iTeil, 3axorrHJIH 900 roJiiB xy)J,o6n. B KaMerri rri)J, qac ,yTnxoMnpeHHH IIIJIHXTa

,cTHJia"

ceJIHH,

peiiiTa

,rroMepJIH

TIOpMi"

KaJiyiiii.

illJIHXTa B6HBaJia CeJIHH lliJIHMH ciM'HMH pa30M 3 .lKiHKaMH i MaJieHhKH-

Y BHilleBKa3aHoMy peecTpi 3arrncarro, IIIO B KaMerri Kpec-

MH )J,iThMH. TOBa

,cTHTO

3 .lKiHKoro",

IBarra Ma3ypnKa

,cTHTO

3 )J,BOMa cnrraMn",

CTelj>arra EoroBiqa ,cTHTO 3 )J,BOMa cnrraMH i )J,oqKoro", PoMarra Ko.lKHKa ,cTHTO

.lKiHKOIO

.lKiHKOIO"'

)J,iTLMn",

Mau;Ka

KaToBnqa

,TaKo.lK

)J,iThMH

rpnu;H LKH)J,HKa ,CTHTO, a )J,iTeil crraJieHO B CTO)J,OJii"' Mnxaii-

Jia IJihKOBa

,cTHTO 3 TphoMa

cnrraMn,

3 .lKiHKOIO i

3axorrJierro

1100 roJiiB xy)J,o6n, 500 rraciK

illJIHXeTChKi BOHKH ,rrepe)J,MicTH

B6nTo, 3a6parro

,IIi)], MiCTOM

Bci

ryMrra

rrorpa6oBarro )J,OMaiiirri peqi.

12 3HaTHHX MiillaH i

KaJiyiiieM CTHJIH

rrorraJIHJIH.

!1,pi6rrnMH )J,iTLMn".

36 ceJIHHChKHX xaT,

KpiM u;Loro, ,30 )J,iTeil y Borrri 3ropiJio", crraJierro

ceJii

CiBu;i

10 ceJIHH 6y JIO

500 roJiiB xy)J,o6n, 9 Konen i 150 BYJIHKiB i B 3araJih-

HOMY HaHeCeHO CeJIHHChKHM rOCIIO)J,apCTBaM IIIKO)J,H Ha Oco6JIHBO .lKopcToKo 3

6000 3JIOTHX.

po3rrpaBJIHJiacn IIIJIHXTa rricJIH Bi)J,cTyrry K03aKiB

13 KepiBHHKaMH rroBcTaJIHX KaJIYIIIHHH. , Ha rraJii B6nTo rroJIKOBHH-

Ka" I. rpa6iBChKOro,

6yproMiCTpa HOBoro yKpaiHChKOro ypH)J,Y rpnu;H

BoJIHKOBnqa, pailu;w IBarra 0BcnrriKoBa,

<l>e)J,opa KpaBu;H,

IOpKa Ko-

6eJiiKa, IIpou;Ka ,qeTBepToBarro". II in KocTHK, Jlech OpnillaK, <l>e)J,hKO illBeu;L, MaTBiil illBeu;L, MiillaHHH MaJieHhKHH ,rra TOpTypax 3arnrryJin",

II eTpa

Ko3aKa

MiillaHnrra

,po3cTpiJIHrro".

Heilla)J,HO po3rrpaBJIHJiacn IIIJIHXTa 3 aKTHBHHMH yqacrrnKaMH rroBcTaHHH

,UoJIHHi.

<l>e)J,Opa

,6yrrTiBHHKa cy)J,HJIH".

CrriJIKOBa

yB'H3HHJIH,

IIoTiM iloro

IIi)J,)J,aJIH

6yJio B6nTo

rra

TOpTypaM

rraJii.

Bcix

iHIIIHX

)J,OJIHHehKHX MiillaH, 3aMiiiiaHHX y HapO)J,HOMY BHCTyrri, yB'H3HHJIH, O)J,HHX IIOKapaJIH Ha CMepTh, iHIIIHX OIIITpalj>yBaJIH ITO

20 i

100 rpHBeHh.

raJIHllhKa IIIJIHXTa 3 MeTOIO 6e3IIeKH ,Bi)J, )J,OMOBHX 3aBopyiiieHb" 6epe3HH

1649 poKy IIOCTaHOBHJia Ha CeHMHKY opraHi3yBaTH KapaJihHHH

BiHChKOBHH 3ariH 3

900 qoJIOBiK, 3 HHX 600 KiHHHX i 100 IIiiiiHX. HHMH

MaJIH KepyBaTH IIIJIHXTHqi pOTMiCTpH Jl. IIoTOllhKHH, 0. bH)J,JIOBChKHH,

JI. Bpy6JieBChKHil, M. PaKOBChKHil, C. HoBoceJihChKHil, K. OcTpoBChKHil, i 0. lpyiiieBChKHH. 11) BiHChKa MaJIH CTOHTH B Ho3Hlli, ,UoBroTOBi,

KoKOJihHHKax,

CeMaKiBIIHX i

qepHHTHHi.

3araJILHe KepiBHHIITBO

IIHMH KapaTeJIHMH IIIJIHXTa )J,OpyqnJia periMeHTapiO, rro)J,iJihChKOMY

II OTOllhKOMY.

KepiBHHKaM

u;nx

MarHaTy i 3arorriB,

BO€BO)J,i

HKi

)J,O

400

BoJtoiJuMup

Cmpama Ha

noJtbCbKOJO

KaJtyU(uHi

UJ!l5lxmoJO

IeaHa

Fpa6iBCbKOi!O

XyiJOJICHUK

Toro

rrpocJiaBuJiu

3aJiu,

III o6

Bi)J,rrpaBJIHJIHCh Ka)J,pOBi

ce6e

TY)J,H

3apO)J,Ky

KOpOJiiBChKi i

IJoTOII,hKOrO

IlpuKaprraTTIO,

IIOBCTaHh

crrpaB.lKHiMu KOJIH

OcTpoporoM

Haii6iJihiii

qucb

Bi)J, rrepecJii)J,yBaHHH,

rraJia

CKJia)J,i

BeJIHKY

K03aii,hKHMH K03aii,hKHX

BiHChKaMU 3aroHiB

raJIHII,hKiii

qoJii

HKa

aKTHBHHMU

rri)J,

IIi)J,qaiiiUM

KepiBHHII,TBOM

p03JIUJiaCH

ITO

BChO-

rrapo)J,rrux

IIOBCTaHII,HMH,

II,eHTpaJihHY

rraKa-

rreraurro

IIOBCTaHHH.

KepiBHHKH

raJiuqurry.

IIpO)J,OB.lKyBaTU

3eMJii,

BOHH

KOpOHHHM

eKcrre)J,uii,il

apMiiO,

6yrrT",

BOrHHIIIe

rroBcTaJiux.

3aJIUIIIaJIU

1648 p.

ramaJteBUlf

3HHIIIyBaJIU Ha

noecmaHH5l

29 <pyiJH5l

,Bu6yxrre

KapaJILHi

rrpu)J,yiiiyroqu

HapoiJHoco

KaJtyUJi.

KaTaMu

)],eeL

BiHChKa

Micii,eBi

YTBOpUJIU

CIIiJihHO

MupocJtaB

Burra)J,KY, i

KepiBHUKa y

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

pHTYIO-

qaCTUHa IX Bi)J,cTyYKpalrry,

6opOTh6y.

III 0 6

TaM

ImocmpoeaHa IlicJHI

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

HeB)J,aJIOI

crrpo6n

3YIIHHHTH

401

ToM

IIIJIHXTY

,UrricTpi

BH)J,aTHHH

rrpOBO)J,Hp rrapO)J,HOro pyxy B raJinqnrri CeMeH Bncoqarr rri)J, BCe3pocTaiOqHM HarropOM IIOJihChKHX BiHChK JiaBlliHHY,

)J,e

BOIOBaB

6opOTh6H 3 IIIJIHXTOIO i

rroJIKY

Mn"

Birrrrnu;ero 6opeThCH

BiHHHIIhKoro

IBarra

Eoryrra.

Birr

rre

rrpnrrHHHB

B HaCTYIIHi pOKH BH3BOJihHOI BiHHH, aJie B.lKe

B CKJia)J,i K03allhKHX BiilchK E. qarr rri)J,

Bi)J,CTYIIHB 3 IloKyTTH Ha npau;-

XMeJihHHIIhKoro. rrpoTH

K03aiiLKoro

1651 pou;i Bnco-

rroJihChKHX BiilchK

rroJIKOBHHKa

IBarra

,3a po3Ka3a-

Eoryrra.

Birr,

)J,OCBi)J,qeHHH IIOJIKOBO)J,ellh, YJII06JieHellh HapO)J,HHX Mac, 3aHMaB CTapIIIHHChKY IIOCa)J,y B IIOJIKY ,roJIOBHHH

noryrra,

a)J,'IOTaHT i

BXO)J,HB )1,0 iloro 111Ta6y.

KepiBHHK 111Ta6y"

CeMerra

Bncoqarra Jlech

Eepe30BChKHH TaKo.lK rrepe)J, rracTyrroM IIIJIHXTH rri)J,iHIIIOB, )J,i6rro, i3 CBOIM KepiBHHKOM rra YKpalrry. BiH

,qepe3

pi3Hi

Ba.lKKi

Mo.lKyqn

yTpnMaTncn,

Ma6yTL,

peBOJIIOIIil

Bi)J,iHIIIOB

BncoqarroM

TOll

Eepe3oBa

rrpo)J,OB.lKyBaB

rrpaB)J,orro-

)J,.lKepeJiax 3arrncarro, lliO qac rra

6opoTHCH

THX

KpaHX,

Ilo)J,iJIJIH".

TaM Birr,

3 IIIJIHXTOIO.

Bn)J,rro,

5 CHHiB (BacHJIH, rpnropiH,

Ha YKpaiHi BiH O)J,py.lKHBCH, MaB )J,iTeif -

IBarra, Teo)J,opa, IIarrTeJieiiMorra), HKi TiJihKH B

1744 pou;i rroBeprryJin-

CH B pO)J,HHHe CeJIO . .Hu;Ko

HaTHHKa rricJIH rrpn6yTTH K03aKiB

arrapaTi yKpalrrcLKoro caMoBpH)J,yBaHHH TaKo.lK pou;i,

Bi)J,3HaqnBcH

rrapo)J,rriil

3aiiMaB KepiBHY rroca)J,y B

B PoraTnrri.

6opoTL6i

rra

fl:oro

cnrr,

PoraTHHlliHHi

HKHH

1648

,rrolxaB 3 K03aKaMn" rra YKpalrry.

13 cKapr IIIJIHXTnqa H. JinrrcLKoro rra BepxpaTn,

IIerrHTHCK, Jiro6eJii,

ceJIHH LK.ypaBeu;L, Jlro6nqi,

EpycKa,

Kpyrru;n,

irr-

IIepeopcLKa i

IIIHX BoJI3hKoro BO€BO)J,CTBa BH)J,Ho, lliO BeJIHKa rpyrra ceJIHH rri)J, qac rrarra)J,y

rra

JinrrcLK,

neJI3ellh

,UeHKi 3 HHX IIOBepHyJIHCH JIHIIHH

Jlnrr'n

Bi)J, K03aKiB,

)J,iHJia a

crriJihHO

IleTpO

K03aKaMn.

MeJihHHKiB Ha

1649 poKy rrepe6yBaB llle ,Mi.lK K03aKaMH"

IIpnKaprraTChKa

IIIJIHXTa,

crrnparoqnch

rra

cBol

cy)J,H

3aCTOCOByBaJia HaH.lKOpCTOKillli IIOKapaHHH IIOBCTaHu;iB.

BiilcLKo,

Bo3HHH

3 ra-

JIHIIhKOrO rpo)J,y, ITi)J, HarJIH)J,OM IIIJIHXTH i BiHChKa, o6'I.lK)J,.lKaB CeJia, HKi 6paJIH yqaCTh y

IIOBCTaHHi,

CKJia)J,aB CIIHCKH IIIKO)J,H,

3aiiO)J,iHHOI IIIJIH-

XeTChKHM Ma€TKaM BHaCJii)J,OK ,BeJIHKOI crrpaBH K03aqqnrrn", HK Ha3HBaJIH TO)J,i ceJIHHChKi BHcTyrrn. rraTTH

po3rJIH)J,aJIHCH

crrpaBH

M ail.lKe B ycix MichKHX cy)J,ax IIpnKaprroBcTarru;iB.

TiJihKH

KaJiycLKOMY

cTa-

pocTBi Jiro6JiiHChKHH rerrepaJihHHH Tpn6yrraJI 3acy)J,HB 6iJihllliCTh yqac-

402

BoJtoiJuMup

HHKiB

pyxy

)1,0

1650

pouj

ciM'I

ceJIHH,

,CTHTi"

300

6y)J,HHKH

)J,eCHTKiB

Miiu;aH 6y JIH

KOpHCTh

IIOBCTaHHH.

1649

poKy

KOpOHHOrO

OTaMaHiB

pnTyroqn

,Upi6Hy

IIpHCHMHHX,

ceJIHHaMn.

o<J>iu;epn

BOHH

nJIIO)J,HHKH MHTTH,

IIIJIHXTY,

BTeKJIO

IIpHBiJieiB,

HoBo-

raHHyciBIIHX

6yJio

HKa

Oco6-

po3cTpiJIHJIH

3a6oJIOTOBa.

CeJio

IIOBCTaHu;iB,

KpaiiHHKiB

pyci.

Jlnca

Miiu;aH

ceJIHH.

3piBHHHO

6paJia

Ma€TKH

OJI)J,aBiiO, yqacTh

KOHij>ic-

3aroHiB.

3axo)J,aMH

rroJihChKiil IIIJIHXTi

PychKOrO

ceiiMy,

,3aCIIOKO€HO

KHH3iB,

orrepau;iHMH

ceJii

IIIJIHXTa

IIOBi)J,OMJIHJia 6yJIO

6yJio

TaKOM

BHKOHyBaJIHCH

He JIHIIIe

po3rrpaBJIHJIHCH

KapaJihHHX

ToMy

BnpOKH

piiiiaJIH"

BH3BOJihHOMY

IIIJIHXeTChKHX

perrpecnBHHMH

IIIHTH

rrpnBe)J,eHi

CHHTHHa,

KyBaJIH

TaKHMH

rrpaBa,

cy)J,y

crraJieHi.

II036aBHJIH

KpnBaBHMH

KaTOM

IIOBCTaHHi, Ha

6e3

IIHMH

MeqeM".

CTpaqeHo

OcTpOBChKHH.

KiJILKa

3eMJieiO,

)J,iTeil.

yqaCTh

BiilcLKa

6yJIH

3arnHyJio

6paB

rrpocJiaBHJIHCh

ceJihChKHH

CTHTTH

,CTHHaJIH"

BOJIOChKOrO

XTO

illJIHXeTChKi JIHBO

)J,e

MiHoK

ciJI

BCiX,

, qepe3

raJinqi,

CTapiiiHHY T06TO

CTpaTH B

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

IIIO

3aB)J,HKH

IloKyTTH

B)J,aJiocn

BO€BO)J,CTBa

)1,0

BiHChKaM IIOCJIYXY

rrpn)J,y-

BepeCHH

IIi)J,qarnoro

CBOIM

IIaHaM

rri)J,)J,aHi".

IIOHOBJIEHH51 IIPHKAPIIATCbKOl XMEJibHlfqqlfHH 1649-1655 pp. icJIH

raJIHIIhKi

(

ceJIHHH

iHrni

1650

30BciM rrpnrrHHHJIH

BHCTyiiaJIH

p.)

<J>opMH 3HOBY

ceJIHH

IIOBCTaJIO,

riprni

CeJIHHCTBO 6opoTL6n

raJinqnHi

3'HBHJIHCH

)J,O

perrpeCHBHHX

HaM peqi

rricJIH

3Bi)J,TH, Kparo

rropa3KH

pyx

pyKaX,

TiJihKH

rri)J, B

pp.

BOHH

Eepe-

raJIHqnHi,

PycLKOMY

,XJIOIICTBO

MaHMe

BiilchK

BCe

CBOIX 6yHTiB,

(T06TO

rrpnrrHHHJIO

K03allhKHX

pOKH

XMeJihHHIIhKOrO.

IIOBepTa€ThCH )1,0

HiM paHirne" He

6nTBH

XMeJihHHIIhKOro

CeJIHHH. i

1648-1649

HaCTYIIHi

rri)J,rOTOBKOIO

rroBcTaHh.

3aXO)J,iB

3BHqaiiHO, He 03Ha-

TaKHX IIOCJiaHu;iB

cyqacHHK,

rrpnKaprraTChKoro

HaBiTh

150

IIOCJiaHu;i

Bi)J,KpHTHX

3aBopyiiiHJIHCH

IIOBi)J,OMJIHB o6iu;HB

36p0€10

6opoTL6n.

neJI3hKOMY BO€BO)J,CTBaX )J,iHJIO

)J,aJieKO

IIOBCTaJIHMH

RKmo

rri)J,rOTOBJIHJIH

3HOBY

qae,

CeJIHHH

cTeqKoM

p03IIpaBH

U:e,

3acTocoByiOTh

HKi

MOpCTOKOI

IIIJIHXTH CeJIHHChKHH pyx IIiiiiOB Ha CIIa)J,.

1648

p.).

aHTnlj>eo)J,aJihHOI rri)J,

EepecTeqKoM.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

raJIHllhKa .lKaiOqH

IIIJIHXTa B

KopoJih

IIIJIHXTa

BipoJIOMHHX

,MyCHTh

XJIOIIChKa

HapO,ll,HOrO

pyxy

IIOBi)J,OMJIHJia ceifMy,

,cBaBiJihHe

Ka3HMHp

cepu;HX

TaK )J,OBro

raJIHllhKOI

MHp,

IIIJIHXTH

rHiToM

cT.

(BncTyrry

Hi3oByBaJIHCH yMoBH

3arOHH

ceJIHHH

qacTO

3aJie.lKHOCTi

KpaiO.

HKHX

B.lKe

IIoTOllhKHil,

raJinqnHi, JIHCH

6yHTH

,UHicTpa rpyrra rrpaBH

IIHIIIe,

IIi)J,)J,aHHX,

IIOBCTaHu;iB,

6araTO, BHMaraJia

KOJIH

TaKO.lK

HKi

1649

Bi)J,

IIpn6yTTH

6opOTh6y

ciqHi

1652

raJIHllhKa

opraripChKi

6opoJIHCH

Ille

TOMY

rrepe)J,

IIIJIHXTa

YropiiiHHH

rrn

IIoKyTTH

MoJI)J,aBil i

3-3a

BeJIHKa Bi)J,

CBOIX

,Bi)J,)J,aTH

p036y JIO

IIOCJiiB

THX

CeJIHH,

He6e3IIeKOIO

MoJI)J,aBil. rroBcTaHu;iB

aKTHBi3yBaJio

IIOKYTChK0-6yKOBHHChKOMY

MoJI)J,aBil

rroqa-

BTiKaqiB

qepe3

KOp,ll,OHH

pyxy

IIpHXO)J,HTh

u;nx

a6o

Teo)J,o-

MiCTeqKaX

pHTyiOqHCh

a6yTh,

a6o

iHIIIOMY

MoJI)J,aBii

1648

pp.,

IIOBCTaH-

Hapo)J,Horo

KYIIH

IIIJIHXTa

6iJihiii

raJinqnHy

MarHaT

CeJiaX

lloKyTTi, M

Ha3BH

raJIHllhKHH

rOCIIO)J,apH

raJIHllhKHX

KOp,ll,OHHi ceJIHH

MoJI)J,aBil).

yKpiiiHTH

BHri)J,Hi

6yKOBHHChKHX

HapocTaHHH

EyKoBHHY.

IIoJILIIIi

EyKoBHHY

Tnlj>eo)J,aJILHY

XOBaJIHCH

MiCIIHX,

MOJI)J,aBChKOrO

rroBcTaJIHX

KiHIIH

16 4 8- 16 54

EyKOBHHH

TO)J,iiiiHhOI

BHCTyiiaJIH Ha

BiHHH

ryJihTHHChKi

(To6To

6yHTiBHHKiB"

)),in

Bi)J,

1648

)J,eHKHX

BTeKJia y

TaKO.lK

IIOKYTChKHX crriJihHHX

,110

EyKOBHHH

IIpHXO)J,y

rri,ll,KpecJIIOIOqn IIIO

BoJIOIIIHHn"

IIIJIHXTH,

lj>eo)J,aJiiB

6oHJiaCH

qepBHH

aHTH-

ceJIHHH

ycrriiiiHO

raJinqnHH

,BOJIOXaMH"

BHKOpHCTOByiOqH

rrorpaHnqqn,

Ha )J,OIIOMOry

HaCTYIIY

IIIJIHXTa

Ha3HBaJia

BoJIOIIIHHH. pnK

Bi)J,

raJIHllhKa

BIIJIHHyJia

HKa TO)J,i 3HaXO)J,HJiaCH

lloqnHaroqn

HapO,ll,HO-BH3BOJihHOI

rrpHXO)J,HJIH

aKTHBi3a-

lj>eo)J,aJiaMH.

IIOBCTaJIHX

rrepio)J,

MarHaTH OCKiJihKH

raJIHllhKo-6yKoBHHChKi

IIOBCTaJIHX

MOJI)J,aBChKHMH

B3a€M03B'H30K p03BHHYBCH

lliB,

rocrro)J,apcTBa.

EopyJin),

rroKyTchKO-MOJI)J,aBChKoro

IIOJihChKHMH

IIIO

BiHChKa,

HBHO

nyKOBHHH,

rrncaB: MOTJIOX

12. Y.1654

cTapocTBa"

llpHKaprraTTi

p.)

,pi3HHH

ceifM,

TpHMaTH

rrorpaHnqHi

He3Ba-

TaK JierKO

( 165

IIIO

IIIO,

MO.lKHa rro6opoTn".

CTapOCTBaX

MoJI)J,aBChKoro Myxn

yHiBepcaJii

rrepeKOHyBaJIH

Ij>eo)J,aJibHa 6opOTb6a HapO,ll,HHX MaC rri)J,

XJIOIICTBO

BH3HaTH",

HHIIIHTh 1654

403

ToM

1652

CBOIX

IIpHKOp,ll,OHHHX

,po3rrycTa u;iro

RH B

rri)J,)J,aHnx

rrpe)J,CTaBHHKH 3MyiiieHi

ciqHi

niJI0£1epKiBChKHH

rrpn,ll,yiiiHTn". BCH

IlpuKapnammR.

IIOBi)J,OMJIHJia

HecrroKiiiHo

ceifM,

qepe3

rrpocnJia ypH,ll, rrpo

aH-

rrorpaHnqqi. IIIO

o6'e)J,HaHi 6iJihiii

IIpH-

BHcTy-

piiiiyqi )J,il.

404

BoJtoiJuMup

B cTyrr

K03allhKHX

BiilchK

THMOIIIa

XMeJihHHIIhKOro

BHHi

6iJihiiie

IIIe

3MiiiHHJIH

CeJIHHaMH-IIOBCTaHIIHMH.

Bi)J,

raJIHIIhKOI 3eMJii

IIIO B

TerrepiiiiHiH

HaiiiHX

KpaHX,

3aKOJIOTy", TaKOIO Hi

iHIIIHMH

,)J,JIH

ChKe

lj>eo)J,aJiaMH

U:e

peJiaX.

BCiX

HBHO

rroBiTax

6e3

6yB

(JI:iTHHKy)

HKHH Ha

IIi)J,KOpHTH

MaHMe

HKiH

1655

HOMY

TyrraJIO B

IIIO

HOrO

a6o

aJie

raJIHIIhKHH

rri)J,

nyKOBHHY

BiH

3B'H3KY

crreu;iaJih-

KiJihKOCTi

6paJIH

rrpo

u;e

,UiTHHKa,

CTelj>aH

u;e

6yKOBHH-

TaK

)J,lKe-

rroBi)J,oM-

HKHH

(rrpoTH

JIIO)J,hMH,

HKi

Hhoro)

po3rpOMHJIH

(p03110pOIIIHJIH) ". JiiTOIIHCHOrO

)J,OCJii)J,HHKH,

BaTalKOK BeJIHKe

,UHTHHKa

CeMeHa

yrrpaBJIHTH

(HK

BncoqaHa HeiO.

IIpOTH

IIOBi)J,OM-

BH)J,HO,

IIOBCTaHHH,

3)J,iilcHHB

U:e

IIIO

u;e

IIOKa3y€

IIO)J,i6He

)1,0

1648

p.,

rrepeJIHKaJIO

IIOBCTaJIHX

HOBHH

XMeJihHHIIhKHH raJIHqHHH,

rrepiiioro

HhOMY

CeJIHH.

BH)J,y

qepHiBellhKOMY

rricJiaB

3HaqHy

BH3BOJihHHH

TBep)J,O HKe

TaK

BipHB,

rroxi)J, IIIO

aKTHBHO

Iloxi)J, pociHChKO-yKpaiHChKHX BiHChK B Bi)J,

IIOBCTaHHH.

ceJIHHCTBO

Bi)J,MiHy

aKTHBi3yBaJIO

1654

aHTHij>eo)J,aJILHoro

XoTHHChKOMY

BHCJiaB

IIpH)J,YIIIHTH

pp.

CaMe

iHIIIi

rrpoBO)J,OM

3eMJii.

BalKJIHBOrO

XMeJihHHIIhKHH

1648-1654

TaTapH

6iJihiiie

rOJIOBH

IIOBi)J,OMJieHHH B

KocTiH

p03CiHJIH

opraHi3yBaTH

)J,OIIOMOlKe

raJIHqHHy,

IIOCJIH

OC06JIHBO

TaM

3HaqHOI

Ha MaJih,

CJIYlKHJIHMH

JIIO)J,eH

rocrro)J,apn, B)J,aJIOCH

110

BoeBo)J,a

IIOCHJiaJIHCH

3YMiB

BCIO

MnpoH

XO)J,HB

6araTbMa

3aXi)J,HOyKpaiHChKi

IlhOMY

IloKyTTi

MOJI)J,aBChKoro

,BH)J,iJIHTH

pp.

HeBeJIHqKe

po36iHHHK,

ceJiaMH.

3rO)J,OM

rroBcTaHHH

apMiiO,

qacH

BCiX

6yKOBHHChKHH

rrpi3BHII1e),

nyKo-

IIociiOJIHTOI,

CBaBOJIH,

rpi3Horo

,UHTHHKa.

JiiTorrnceu;h

lj>parMeHTapHoro, HKe

Peqi

BHHHKHeHHIO

rroBiTax

3aJIHIIIaJIOCH

rrepeiiiKO)J,H

nyqoKa

IlhOrO

CllpHHJIO

oqoJIHB

yrrpaBJIHB

CTOJihHHKa

JieHHH,

1654

MoJI)J,aBChKHH

,Ili)J,HHBCH

HOrO

IloKyTTi,

IIOBCTaHHH

JIHB:

IIOKYTChKH-

IIOBCTaJIHMH.

1649-1654

IIOBCTaHHH.

rrepe)J,

rrpoBO)J,OM

IIIJIHXeTChKi

KOJIH

BHMaraJia

o6opOHH"

nyKOBHHi

ceiiMy

IIIHpHTHCH

KepiBHHKH

XoTHHChKOMY

IIOBCTaHHH

165 3

rrorpaHHqqi,

IIIJIHXTa

rri)J,

BiHChK

IloKyTTH Ta nyKOBHHH, HKi MaJIH BlKe )J,OCBi)J, 6opOTh-

qepHiBellhKOMY BOrHHIIIa.

BCIO)J,H

CJIOBaMH, raJIHIIhKa

6yKOBHHChKHMH

6epe3Hi

3BHKJia

)J,OMaiiiHhOI

3ocepe)J,MeHHH IIOBCTaJIHX, HK i

MilK

MOJI)J,aBChKOMY

He6e3IIeKOIO

KOIIITH

16 53

BH3BOJihHHX

CTpaxoM )J,OIIOBi)J,aJIH

qac

OJI)J,aBiiO

)J,iHJihHiCTh

3B'H30K

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

yqacTi,

(1648 a

u;e,

p.), B

1655

Bi)J,3HaqaBCH CBOIO

BHC-

qepry,

THM, IIIe

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

405

I-路

Ti!6ip

6 X'MCnbHI'!UbKOro

III,e

rrepe)J,

IIpHXO)J,OM

yKpaiHChKHX

BiHChK

raJIHqHHY

1655 p.

Y 6epe3Hi TOrO .lK poKy IIOBi)J,OM-

BHCTYIIH CeJIHH )J,OCHTh p03BHHYJIHCH.

JIHJIOCh rrpo 3aBopyrneHHH ceJIHH Ha rrorpaHnqqi 3 MoJI)J,aBino. 4 KBiTHH ceJIHHH

BoBqnHeHh

raJIHllhKoro

rroBiTy

rri)J,

rrpoBO)J,OM

ciJihChKoro

OTaMaHa Jla3apH MnxaHJIOBHqa BqHHHJIH 36pOHHHH Haiia)J, Ha )J,Bip IIIJIHXTHqa

KapOJIH

ryMellhKOro.

JIHIIHi,

oqeBH)J,HO,

ceJIHHChKi

IIOBCTaHHH

p03pOCJIHCH, OCKiJihKH 6yJIO HaKa3aHO raJIHllhKiH IIIJIHXTi He BHpyrnaTH y 3araJibHe orroJiqeHHH, a 3aJIHIIIaTHCh y BaTH HaCTYII BOporiB BoceHH

iHIIIi MicTa.

raJIHllhKiH 3eMJii, III o6 ,IIHJihHy-

XJIOIIChKY CBaBOJIIO".

nyJio 3BiJihHeHO Bi)J, IIIJIHXTH Eap, 3iHhKiB, rycHTHH Ta

roJIOBHa

nyqaq,

JlhBiB.

1655 p. yKpaiHChKo-pociilcLKa apMiH BCTYIIHJia Ha TepnTo-

piro raJIHqHHH.

Beu;h,

(K03aKiB)

apMiH

Tepe6oBJIIO,

HIIIJia

qepe3

Ili)J,railu;i,

KaM'HHeu;h,

Eepe.lKaHH,

EopmiB,

EychK,

JI3Jio-

rJIHHHHH

Y u;eil qac pyXJIHBi 3arOHH K03aKiB )J,iHJIH B pa)J,iyci IIOHa)J, 60

BepCTB Bi)J, IIIJIHXY,

ITO HKOMY IIpOXO)J,HJIH rOJIOBHi BiHChKa.

3aB)J,HKH IIHM 3aroHaM 6yJIO 3BiJihHeHO 6araTO MiCT i ciJI He JIHIIIe Ha Ilo)J,iJIJii,

aJie

Ha IIpnKaprraTTi -

rrpaBoMy 6epe3i ,I(HicTpa.

Bi)J,oMo,

mo K03aKaMH 6yJIH 3aHHHTi MicTa: 3oJIOTHH TiK, TepHorriJIL, MoHaCTHpncLKa,

Ili)J,railu;i

(Ilo)J,iJIJIH),

raJIHq.

3po3yMiJio,

IIIO,

KpiM

MiCT,

406

Bo;wiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

raJIHI)J,iKiil 3eMJii (Tepe6oBeJihiD:HHi i

I I OKYTTi)

3BiJihHeHO qnMaJIO

ciJI.

BOJieHHIO IIH

Bi)J,

U:LOMY

CIIpHHJIH

CeJIHHChKHX

CBOIMH,

qacHHK,

BH3-

BHCTy3aroHiB.

, .XMeJihHHllhKHH 3 MH

6y JIO

IIIJIHXTH

BmChKa-

rrncaB

iloro

cy-

u;apchKO-

ro BeJinqecTBa CHJiaMH rri)J, JlhBiB

XO)J,HB

o6JIO.lKHB-

IIIH JlhBiB, pi3Hi MiCTa 3a6paB". MeMyapncT IfoaxHM €pJiiq, oqeBH)J,ellh IIHX IIO)J,iH,

lliKaBO

OIIHCaB

IIOXi)J,

K03allhKO-pociHChKHX

06Jl0ca

JlbBOBa

EociJaHa

3 KHH Ha

6yB

CiJie3iiO.

Bci na, B

u;i

K03aKaMH

IIO)J,ii

CHJihHO CBO€

KaprraTChKi

6JIH3hKiCTh

IIi)J,iHIIIOBIIIH )1,0 JlbBOBa,

TaM

I I epeMHIIIJIH HHID:HJIH

CBOIMH

TOll

qac,

JIHKaJIH

MaHHO, ropH.

raJIHllhKOrO

IIOBiTy

IIiCJIH

BiHChKa

Bci

)J,06yBaJIHCh

3aMKH

3aXi)J,,

1655

Bepecni

CTaHOBHID:e,

p. In:O

iHIIIHX KpaHX rroqaJia

qepe3

IIoJihiD:i

rn:o I I a6o

qacTH-

XOBaJiaCH

BHKOpHCTOByiOqH

Yroprn:nnn. 6iJIH

raJIHllhKOI B

raJIHqa,

3eMJii

raJIHllhKOMY

IIOBCTaJIHMH.

CB0€10

KOpOJih

Mir".

,6yiiiyBaJIH

MiCIIHX

CeJIHHChKi

p03IIpaBH

IIIJIHXTH,

MoJI)J,aBii

6araThOX

6opoHHTHCh.

)1,0

TaKe

raJIHqHHH,

qacTHHa

)J,O

6yHTH".

IIoKyTTi, 6yJio

Jl:pyra

K03allhKi

,XJIOIIChKi

crrpoMO.lKHe

IIIJIHXTY

XTO )J,e

BH3BOJihHi T06To

IIoJihChKHH

BiilchK

raJIHqn-

XMeJihHHllh-

po3iCJiaB

Bi)J,CTYIIHTH

3aMOCTH

Ma€TKiB

eBaKyiOBaJiaCh

HIIIJia

cyqacHHKiB,

rphni

OC06JIHBO

KOJIH

CBOIX

.HpocJiaBa"'

BO€BO)J,CTBaX

JlpOCJiaBa,

IIIJIHXTy.

BiHChKaMH

neJI3hKOMY

rrorpannqqn,

CBi)J,qeHHHM JIHCh

1655

HY B

raJinqa,

qoJii

XMeJihHHllhKHM

em.

HKi

6JIH3hKO JlbBOBa,

3aXOIIHBIIIH

pa30M

PychKOMY

rrepe)J,

JiiCH,

6iJIH

BiHChK

AKTHBHi )J,ii pociilcLKo-yKpaiHChKHX

CTBOpHJIH IIIJIHXTa

apMii,

IIi)J,KaprraTTH,

3MyiiieHHH

TiKaTH

THC.

,3a ,UnicTep

raJIHllhKe

BiUCbKaMU

1648 p.

XVll

cpae10pu

qoJii

BiHChKa

K03aU,bKUMU

XMeJlbHUU,bKOi!O

MaJIO

rroBcTanu;i IIIJIHXTOIO

rri)J,HH-

IIOBiTi,

HKe

HHX

ripchKHX CXO)J,HJIH

ciJI 3

rip

ImocmpoeaHa B

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

IlO)J,HiCTpOB'H, )J,e

€)J,HyBaJIHCh

o6'-

Mico;eBHMH

ceJIHHaMn.

CrriJihHHMH 3Y-

CHJIJIHMH,

IIpH

IIi)J,TpHMlli Jill III e

€TKH,

6y Jill)

HKi

BeJIHKHMH

036pO€HHMH,

BOHH

peMi

3)J,iHCHIOBaJIH

JIHIIIe

IIIJIHXeTChKi

aJie

IIITypMyBaJIH

Bhh

3)J,o6yBaJIH

3aMKH.

naMH

Bi.

6yB

naBiTh

Ha-

o6opon3aro-

3)J,06yTHH

3aMOK y HhOMY

oK-

)J,BOpH,

TaKHMH

TO)J,i

MiliHHH

Ma-

IIOBCTaHo;iB,

6yJIH

)J,06pe

narra)J,H

Harra-

3HHIIIYBaJIH.

3arOHH

KOJIH

(iJ,e

IIIJIHXeTChKi

Ma6yTh, Ta

aKTHBHiH

K03aKiB

BOHH

)J,aJIH

407

ToM

qOpTKOIIOJIOHHJIH

MarnaTa

IloTOllhKoro.

IlaBJia

Ko3aU,bKa

KiHHoma

MiiiiaHH

XVII

1655 p.

niiJ JlbBOBOM

cpae10pu

em.

€3yiiOJIH, BHKOpHCTOBYIOqn

rrpnxi)J,

JIH

na Mio;nnil

K03aKiB,

3aMKY

IIOBCTaJii

IIOBCTaHIIHMH TaKHM ,Bi)J,.lKHJIH

1648

MarnaTiB

3aXOIIHJIH

)J,OBKOJIHIIIHH

qnHOM,

BHCTYIIH

HaHOBO",

oprani3yBaJIH

3aMoK

xoqa

pe3yJihTaTi

Mico;eBHX IIOBCTaHo;iB, i

Cxi)J,Ha

rnhy.

raJinqnna

HacTyrraB

qnMaJIHH

3arin

IloTOllhKHX B 6araTO

Manna,

HKe

CeJIHH B

MiiiiaH B

MeHIIIiH

Mipi,

CXOBaJia

)J,iH

raJIHllhKiH HK

o;e

narra-

3)J,o6yT-

TYT

BH3BOJieHHMH

rrepio)J,

rrepe)J,

165 5

CIIOCTepiraJIH

3eMJii

yKpaiHChKO-pociHChKOI

IIpOTHrOM cepiiHH-BepeCHH

HOBHH

IIicJIH

IIIJIHXTa.

ycrriiiiHHX

6yJIH

necrro)J,iBano

€3yrroJii.

3-IIi)J,

icTopil

1655

p.,

BCe

apMii Ilo)J,iJIJIH

IIOJihChKO-IIIJIHXeTChKOro

IIpnKaprraTTH.

408

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

BMCHOBKM ,(p--3A- T"' e, qnTaq 03HailoMHBCH 3i cTopinKaMH icTopil IIpnKaprraTA

(

§W__ &

3 naii)J,aBnirnnx qaciB )J,O cepe)J,HHH XVII cToJiiTTH.

HOJIOriqHHH qac llhOrO rrepio)J,y icTopii KpaiO OXOIIJIIO€ THCH-

qi poKiB

rrpo lKHTTH JIIO)J,HHH llhOrO

Bi)J,OMOCTi

)J,aJieKO

perioni

cepe)J,HHH

p03KpHJIH

3aJii3noro

HeiiOBHi

qacy HaM y

p03KOIIKH,

XIX

cToJiiTTH

O)J,Hy Ta€MHHIIIO

IIIO

cLoro)J,nirnniil

JIIO)J,ChKHX IIOCeJieHh

rrorJIH)J,,

MaiOTh

IIpnKaprraTChKoro

Kparo.

Ta IX p03CeJieHHH B

raJinqeM.

raJIHllhKa

KniBchKOMY ,UaJii y

HnMH

3Haqennn

cTaJin:

ropO)J,Hill

3Bi)J,CH

3eMJIH'

JiiTorrnci

HKa

llhOMY Bonn

Bi)J, IIaJieOJiiTy )1,0

OCHOBi

rronBa

JiiTOIIHCHHX

Kinu;i

XI I

JiiTorrnco;HMH

raJIHllhKOI

qacTHHi KHHrH, y

icTopil

cJioB'HHChKHX

rrJieMeH

BHHHKHeHHH 3i CTapo-

rpa)J,iB-MiCT

CTOJiiTTH

,raJIHllhKOIO

qoJii

3eMJii

KHH310BaHHH

icHyBaJIO

3i Ha-

naiMeHyBaJiaCh

YKpalnoro".

eKOHOMiqnoro i

HKOI YTBOpHJIOCH

HKi,

BnBqenni

IIiiiiJia icTopnqno- a)J,MiHiCTpaTHBHa

KHH3i BHCBiTJIIO€ThCH IIHTaHHH

3pOCTaHHH Ha

oco6JinBe

llpHKaprraTChKOMY KpaiO,

CJIOB 'HHChKHX

CTOJIHlleiO 3Ba

)J,eHh.

BiKy.

narn

BHHHHX

IIeBHiH Mipi )J,aiOTh

IIpOBO)J,HJIHCH

Mn 3BepHyJIH yBary Ha KiJihKa rrpo6JieM B o;iil na

Xpo-

)J,HHacTil

IIOJiiTnqnoro

PocTHCJiaBnqiB,

IIpOTHrOM XII-XIII

CTOJiiTh

MoryTH€ raJIHllhKe KHH3iBCTBO, HKe Ha cepe)J,HHY XIII CTOJiiTTH rrepeTBOpHJIOCh B

CHJihHY )J,epMaBy

U:eHTpaJihHOI

€BpOIIH

3aJIHIIIaJIOCH

OCHOB-

HHM )J,epMaBHHM o6'e)J,HaHHHM B IIiB)J,enno-3axi)J,Hiil Pyci. raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKa

)J,epMaBa

iloro nacTyrrnnKiB Brreprne

qacn

,UaHHJia

3iBCTB BCi€I Pyci CTpHMaTH

arpeci10 TaTapO-MOHrOJiiB,

)J,OIIOMOry KOaJiio;ii )J,epMaB 3axi)J,HOI €BpOIIH. o;e

ycrriXOM

BHaCJii)J,OK

KOpOJiiB,

He3BaMaroqn Micu;e

IIOJihChKHX na

raJIHllhKiH

na)J,TO 3eMJii,

Ha)J,TO

KHH3iB

BeJIHKHX

arpeCHBHHX

6oHp

3a3iXaHh

BHyTpi yrop-

xpeCTOHOClliB.

CKJia)J,Hi TYT

Ha)J,iiOqHCh Ha

0)J,HaK He 3aBepiiiHJIOCH

MiMyco6HHX TeH)J,eHo;iil

raJIHllhKO- BoJIHHChKOI )J,epMaBH ChKHX

PoMaHOBnqa

po6nJia crrpo6y cepe)], po3)J,po6Jiennx KHH-

rroJiiTnqni

XII-XIII

rrpou;ecn,

CTOJiiTTHX

HKi

MaJIH

p03BHBaJiaCh

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

eKoHoMiKa 3i Ta

KYJihTypa

IIHChMeHCTBa

pnil

409

ToM

CBOIM Bi)J,OMHM coJieBapiHHHM,

p03BHBaJiaCh

rrpnHecJia

IlpuKapnammR.

CBOIM

JiiTorrncaHHH.

IlhOMY

piBHeM

rrpou;eci

TnMolj>iil,

TaJiaHOBHTHH

cKy JihiiTop

PycL,

apxiTeKTypn,

Hai16iJILIIIY

XIII cToJiiTTH ,raJIHIIhKa Tpiilu;n" -

cepe)J,HHi

KHH.lKHHK

rn:o .lKHBHJIO BCIO

BHCOKHM

AB11,iil,

cJiaBy

rrpeMy)J,cJiaBeTHHH

crriBellh MnTyca. U:nM

3aBepiiiyeThCH rrepiiiHH eTarr icTopii IIpnKaprraTTH, 3a HKHM

HacTyrrnB rrepio11, Ba.lKKoro JIHXOJiiTTH u;iei IIpnKaprraTChKOI rrpayKpaIHChKOI 3eMJii ,Upyrnil

rri11, rHiToM IIIJIHXeTChKOI IIoJILtu:i.

eTarr

XIV 110 XV

icTopii

CTOJiiTTH.

IIpnKaprraTTH raJIHIIhKa

3eMJIH

6opoTL6n

yKpaiHChKHX

IIOJihChKHH

crra)J,tu:HHOIO

rroJihChKHX

KOpOJih

cJiaBHHX

Ka3HMHp

Jlniiie

3arn6eJIJIIO

rrpaBHTeJiiB

Tpnqi

PropnKoBnqiB

B)J,aBaJIOCH 3aKpiiiHTHCh B raJinqnHi, Ti.

rrepio11,

cepe)J,HHH

OCTaHHhOro

II Tpoii)J,eHOBHqa CTaJia apeHOIO

raJIHIIhKO-BOJIHHChKOro KHH3H IOpiH

xoq

oxorrJIIOe

po6HB

3a II BOJIO)J,iHHH. Cllp06H

PoMaHoBnqiB, B TOMY qncJii -

OBOJIO)J,iTH

aJie

iloMy

Ha IIpnKaprraT-

13 7 0 poo;i raJIHIIhKa 3eMJIH 6yJia OKYIIOBaHa yropChKOIO

KopoHoiO, Bi)J, iMeHi HKOI Hew 3arrpaBJIHB HaMicHHK KopoJIH BoJIO)J,HCJiaB

OrroJihChKHH.

IIicJIH rope3BicHoi KpeBChKOI yHii IIIJIHXeTChKa IIoJILtu:a ocTaToqHO OBOJIO)J,iJia raJinqnHOIO, rrpaBHTeJii

KOpOHHHX

B TOMY qncJii i IIpnKaprraTTHM.

3eMeJih

rrpn6y Jill

raJIHIIhKY

IIoJihChKi

3eMJIIO,

MiiiHO

OCiJIH B po36y)J,OBaHHX HHMH )J,BOpax, 3aMKaX i lj>opTeiiHX. HHMH 6yJIO IIOCTYIIOBO

JiiKBi)J,OBaHe

HiCTpao;iH.

aKTH

yKpaiHChKe

TO)J,i

KHH.lKe

IIOIIa)J,aiOTh

HaCeJieHi IIYHKTH, HKHX Ha cepe)J,HHY

CaMOBpH)J,yBaHHH

rrepiiii

IIHChMOBi

a)J,Mirrpo

XIV CTOJiiTTH HaJiiqyBaJIOCH 70.

3a HOBHM a)J,MiHiCTpaTHBHHM IIO)J,iJIOM raJIHIIhKa 3eMJIH IIeiO B raJinqi)

3ra)J,KH

(i3 CTOJIH-

)J,iJIHJiaCH Ha 6 IIOBiTiB, HKi B CHJIY CBOIX IIpHpO)J,HHX

YMOB OTpHMaJIH OC06JIHBOCTi p03BHTKY eKOHOMiqHoro, IIOJiiTHqHoro i KYJILTypHoro

po3BHTKY

Tphox

crreu;nlj>iqHnx

reorpalj>iqHHMH Ha3BaMH o6JiacTeil , IIoKyTTH",

CBOIMH

icTopnKo-

,ryu;yJILJD:HHa", ,IIo-

)J,iJIJIH". Ha

XV cToJiiTTH rrpnrra)J,aB rroMiTHnil rrpou;ec KOJIOHi3ao;ii IIpn-

KaprraTChKoro Kparo.

378 ciJI i

ToroqacHi aKTH 3acBi)J,qyroTh rrpo icHyBaHHH TYT

17 MicT Ta MicTeqoK. RK i B rrorrepe)J,Hiil rrepio11,, Ha3BH

HaCeJieHHX IIOXO)J,.lKeHHH

IIYHKTiB a6o

MaiOTh

rrepeBa.lKHO

Bi)J,o6pa.lKaiOTh

03HaKH

Kpa€3HaBqe, pOCJIHHHOrO

ri)J,porpalj>iqHe i

TBapHHHOrO

410

BoJtoiJuMup

CBiTy, i3

OTpHMaJIH

rJin6oKol

6araTLMa

IIHJia Ka

3eMJii

IIIJIHXTOIO

Micu;eBy

ceJia

rpyrra

IIi)J,)J,aHHX

IIOCa)J,H

HOrO

MicTeqKa.

IIH

11)

CeJIHH.

,I(o

KHH3i,

rrepiiiOI i3

HHX

Op)J,HHlli,

rro36aBJienoro

<J>eo)J,aJILHa

rrpaBoBi

OKOJIHIIHX

BCiX

rropyiiiyBaJIH YTHCKaJIH

!1,pi6Ha

3aXO-

neBeJinq-

6iJihiiiiCTIO

eKCIIJiyaTyBaJIH

THCH-

a)J,MiHiCTpaTHBHi

u;eHTpaJihHOMY

Ille

arrapaTi

6yJia

HHKiB

Ma€TKy.

HOpMH,

14 35

y3aKOHeHa

JiaMaJIH

rpoMa)J,H pou;i

CHCTeMa

BnacJii)J,OK rpoiiioBi),

)J,aBne

3aJIHIIIaJIHCH

na Ka-

ciJihChKO-

rrpau;i

36araqy-

HOBHX Ta

rrpaB

Tpa)J,Hllil

CeJIHHChKHX

3aJielKHOCTi

IIOCTaBH-

6e3KapHO Ha

CeJii,

CIIpaB.

rrpaBa

CeJIHH

IIIJIHXTa

Bi)J,

IIOBHHHOCTi

Bi)J,po6iTKH,

icny-

HH30BHH-

36iJihiiiHTH

IIOJihChKOrO

3pOCTaiOTh

CT.

niMellhKHM.

lj>eo)J,aJIH

)J,aBHhOpyChKi

po11,y

HenacHTHa

)J,BOpy

BHpiiiieHHi

rrpaBo

rroJihChKHM

)J,OXO)J,aMH

IIOBHOI

pi3noro

OTaMaHH,

HeBiJihHHKH,

3eMJii

pycLKe

rrpaBo.

raJIHqHHi

llhOrO

60H)J,api

He3aJielKHOrO

BBe)J,eHHH

KaTeropii

CTapiiiHHa

Ha lxniil

IIaHChKOrO

IIOrOHi

CeJIHH

TaK

cTapiiiHHa.

BOJIOChKe

Bi)J,

HeBiJihHi

KopqMapi,

raJIHllhKiH

IIIJIHXOM

BnacJii)J,oK

CKJia)J,i,

na)J,iJIH

Manna.

OCHOB-

raJIHllhKHX

CTaHOBHJIH

3aMiHIOBaJiocn

III06

IIOBHOBalKeHHH

IIIeBu;i,

erroxn.

BiJihHi

KaTeropii

CeJIHH

cou;iaJihHOMY

cBol

xoqa

)J,iHJIO

3aJielKHiCTh

rrpaBOBi

ciJihChKa

<J>eo)J,aJii3My

rrpau;i

cepe)J,OBHIIIi

CeJIHH

y6ori

incTHTyu;il,

IIOBHHHOCTi.

THqHo

rpyrry

ciJihChKa

MaJIH

BepxiBKa,

3YCHJih, y

3aiipOBa)J,MeHHHM

(naTypaJILHi

BH)J,iJIHJiacn

<J>eo)J,aJihHOI B

6y)J,h-HKoro

rrocTyrroBo

BCiX

CeJIHH

lj>eo)J,aJihHi

IIpHBiJieHMH,

OCHOBHi

BH)J,iJIHJIHCH

HKi

CJiyrH

OKOJIHIIHX

)J,OKJia)J,aJia

MeJihHHKH,

,I(pyry

p03BHTKY

pi3ni

6Jiar

HaJielKaJIH

peMiCHHKH:

TaK

oceJih

CIIHpaiOqHCh

OBOJIO)J,iJIH

Heiiia)J,HO

3eMJii,

3MiHH

CTaHOBHIIIi.

JiaHHHKH,

Mipy

HKi

HalKHBaJiaCH

3Haqni

IIOCJiy3i.

ripchKHX

cBolx

rrepeBalKHO

HKa,

cToJiiTTi

3aHMaJIH

eKCIIJiyaTau;il

)J,BipChKiH

JIIO)J,Y,

Ma€TKiB

MaTepiaJihHHX

ceJIHHH-KMeTi,

HHX

Ha3HBaJIHCh

Ha3BH

KOpOJiiBChKHMH

MarHaTH

BepxiBKa

3aMOMHi

HaBO)J,HeHi

IlOJihiiJj,

MarHaTiB,

raJIHllhKiH

Bi)J,6yJIHCH

TiyHH,

BMe

IIpHBaTHHX

lj>eo)J,aJihHOI

eKOHOMiqnoMy

BaJIH

6yJIH

CT.

raJIHllhKHX

IIaHiBHa

CT.

BaJiacn

oKyTaJIH

)J,epMaBH.

BHpo6nnKa

iMeH,

MacH

TepHTOpiH

KOpHCTyiOqHCh

JIHIIIe

IIOCHJieHHH B

CeJIHH.

IIIJIHXeTChKOI

Y CH

3aXi)J,HHX

6araTHX

KOpOJiiBChKHX Ta qi

OC060BHX

XIY -XY

IIIJIHXTY

Bci

Bi)J,

Hapo11,ni

Jieren)J,aMH.

raJIHllhKi HOIO

Ha3BY

cTapoBHHH.

Fpa6oeeU,bJWi1

TOMY

lj>aKBJiaCCeJIHH qncJii

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

rraHID:HHa.

Xoq

oco6JIHBO

BOHa

CT.

HBHID:

rroriprnyBaJIH erri)J,eMii

Bi)J,

raJIHllhKOI

rrepecJii)J,yBaJIH MiCTeqKaX IIpH

3eMJii

3pOCTaJia

rrpnqnHH

)J,.lKepeJI

Bi)J,BepTy, MiiD:aHH

)J,a€

xapaKTepy

IIOJihChKHX Op)J,.

JIHXa,

Pi3KO

HeBpO.lKai,

TaKO.lK

3Hyrn:aJIHCH

o6pH)J,H

Ha)J,

3Bnqal.

Ba.lKKOIO ceJIHHaMn,

MOHaCTHpiB,

rrepecJii)J,yBaJIH

cTaHoBnrn:a

MicTax

KOCThOJiiB,

CeJIHH

KOHCTaTyBaTH rrpoTH

crroqaTKY

cepe)J,HHi

ypH)J,

pi)J,HOIO

cToJiiTTH, Ha

Io:O

HaMaraJIHCH

BCHKi

MiiD:aH,

Io:O

HOBHMH

CTBOpiOBaJIH

ceJIHHH ce6e

Ha6paJIH

~:~e

Bee

rro-

YBa.lKHHH

cT.

3aXHCTHTH

rrpoHBH

3Mory

IIpHXOBaHy,

CeJia, aJie

)J,aB

orropy.

HeBIIHHHY,

<J>eo)J,aJiiB.

Bi)J,IIOBi)J,aB

ypH)J,iB,

ceJIHH

aHTHij>eo)J,aJILHoro

Bi)J,XO)J,iB

IIIJIHXeTChKHH

IIIJIHMaCO-

rrpHHOCHJIO

aHTHij>eo)J,aJILHoro

IIOCTaHOBaMH rrepe)J,yMOBH

MiClle-

3aKpirra-

CeJIHH.

Bi)J,

rracHBHHX

BHcTyrriB. )J,aJIH

qac

)J,eCHTHHaMH.

rroJierrneHHH.

lleHTpaJihHOIO

qeHHH

rrepeXO)J,iB

3a3HaBaJIH

KaTOJIHllhKHX

BepxiBKH

ceJIHH

CKapr,

HaiiMeHrnoro

BOIO

3MOIY

CT.

Hapo)J,Hi

CHJihHoro

raJIHllhKOI 3eMJii

IIpOTeCTY

lj>eo)J,aJiiB,

HKa

ceJIHH

1492

pp.

6opoTL6n

po3opeHi B6HBaJIH

po3BHBaBcH

EaKOTChKOI

1469

p03Maxy.

1431

p.,

6opoTL6a

IIOBCTaHHH

p03MaXOM

lie

36poiiHHX

36poiiHoi

Harra-

3aBopyrneHHH B

6opoTL6n

Bi)J,6y JIHCH

XIAXY

raJIHllhKiH

Ha~:~ioHaJILHoro repon Myxn.

TepHTOpiaJihHHM

)J,O

3aroHaMH

MaHHO.

HapocTaHHH

6iJihiiiOIO

AHTHij>eo)J,aJILHa

rri)J, rrpoBO)J,OM

rrepexo)J,HJIH

HeBeJinqKHMH

3aXOIIJIIOBaJIH

rrpo~:~ec

BOJiocTi

CeJIHHChKOIO

ceJIHHH

IX,

Ha6npaJia )J,e)J,aJii

BHHHKHeHHIO

TepoM

<J>opM

Hai16iJihlll

IIocTyrroBo CeJIHH, HH

6opoTL6y

CKJia)J,aHHH

BOIO IM

Mirn:aHHH CTHXiHHHX

TaTapChKHX

CTHXiHHi

<l>eo)J,aJIH

co~:~iaJihHO-eKoHoMiqHoro

AHaJii3

XOM

MiiD:aH

KiJihKiCTh

IIaHiBHOI

~:~epKOBHHMH

rHiTy.

rrpaBocJiaB'n,

IIi)J,TpHMlli

o6KJia)J,aJIH

OIJIH)J,

TOID:O.

CeJIHHH

HCHHTH

IIOBHHHOCTi,

ceJIHHHH

Haiia)J,iB

BCIO)J,H,

qnHOBHHKiB

II03aeKOHOMiqHHX,

IIOCTOIB

icHye

I I O)J,HicTpoB 'H.

)J,ep.lKaBHi

raJIHllhKHH

BCHKHX

CeJIHH

aJie

KOpOJiiBChKHX

IIOCTiHHHX

Ha~:~ioHaJILHo-peJiiriiiHoro

HKi

Bi)J,

CTaHOBHID:e

I I o)J,iJIJIH

rroriprnyiOTh

Mi.lKyco6Hllh,

OC06JIHBO,

411

BH3HaqeHa,

HapernTi,

TeprriB

IIIJIHXeTChKHX i,

yTpHMaHHH

ceJii.

ToM

OKOJIHIVIX

CeJIHH

IIO)J,aTKH,

OC06JIHBO

BiHChK

ToqHo

CTaHOBHID:e

po)J,y

rrepe6yBaHHH

rn:e

xJii6opo6cLKHX

HeJierKe BCHKOIO

IlpuKapnammR.

IIOBCTaHHH

IIOBCTaHraJIHllhKHX

cT.

3eMJii

crrpHHJia B

14 9 0-

3a CBOIM xapaKCTaJIO

Haif6iJih-

412

BoJtoiJuMup

IIIOIO

36pOHHOIO

HaCTYIIY

01103HIJj€10

lj>eo)J,aJiiB

iloro MopcTOKHMH ChKe y

IIOBCTaHHH

TO)J,iiiiHiH

3aXi)J,HOyKpaiHChKOrO

HaCa)J,MeHHH

CeJHIHCTBa

IIOJihChKO-HiMellhKOrO

<J>eo)J,aJihHO-a)J,MiHicTpaTHBHHMH

6yJIO

CKJia)J,OBOIO

Fpa 6oeeu, bJW i1

qacTHHOIO

IIpOTH

rrpaBa

3aKoHaMH.

CeJIHH-

aHTHij>eo)J,aJihHOrO

pyxy

€Bporri.

Ha~:~ioHaJihHO-BH3BOJihHe rroBcTaHHH Hapo)J,HHX Mac IIpnKaprraTTH 149014 9

poKiB

6yJIO

CKJia)J,OBOIO

€BpOIIeHChKHX KpaiHaX,

H03BiCHOrO

K03aiiTBa,

IIIO

3arropi3LKY

Ciq

HHM

HKa

Bi)J,irpaJia

Jia)J,OM,

XVI

pH)J,OM

rrepiiia

BalKJIHBHX

eKOHOMiqHi

yTBopnJio

CBOIM

TaTapo-Type£1hKOrO

qacTHHOIO

IIO)J,i6HHX

40-x

ChKi

pOJih

HaTChKe IOTh

rroJIOBHHa

XVII

icTopii

3MiHH,

HOBHX

IIIJIHXTa

6opOTh6i

cToJiiTh

~:~e

CTaJIHCH

OCTaToqHo

<l>paHKa,

Bcix

EKoHoMiqHnil

HKi

CBOIX

KpiiiOCHi

ceJIHH

yKJia)J,

I I O)J,HicTpoB 'H.

BHKOpHCTOByBaJIH

IIOJih-

3pOCTa€

HKi,

O)J,HO Ha

rrpo

rrepe6y)J,OBOIO CIIOC-

CeJIHHChKi

IIOpH)J,KH,

,3piBHHJIH

HacnqeHHH

CBi)J,qaTh

KpaiO

6e33eMeJILHoro

rocrro)J,apchKHH

Bi)J, HH30BHHHHX OKOJIHIIh

CllpHTHO

)J,epMaB-

3aBOHOBHHKa.

HKi

KpaiO

CJiaB-

cToJiiTTH

CTpaiiiHOrO

rrepio)J,,

CHCTeMi.

iHTepecax.

3MeHIIIYIOThCH

KaTeropil MaJio3eMeJILHoro

IBaHa

TO)J,iiiiHiX

XVI

IIpOTH

llpHKaprraTTH,

IIIO

MiCT,

3eMJieBOJIO)J,iHHH,

MJIIOIOThCH

poKax

IIOJihChKO-IIIJIHXeTChKOrO

IIHTaHh

IIOHBa

MarHaTH

BHHHKHeHHH

pecrry6JiiKaHChKO-)J,eMoKpaTnqHnM BeJIHKY

Hai3HHKa

IIOJiiTHqHi

IIIJIHXeTChKOrO rOCIIO)J,apCTBa Ha lj>iJihBapKOBiH Tepira€ThCH

pyxiB

Ha YKpaiHi 3arroqaTKyBaJIH

IIpHBaTHe

Ha)J,iJIH,

Mar-

3pOCTa-

ceJIHHCTBa.

O<J>op-

BJiyqHHM

BHpa30M

BaMJIHBe

IIoKyTTi

rri)J,)J,aHCTBo".

6yB

Bi)J,MiHHHH

CBoepi)J,HO rrporrJIHBaJio MHTTH

ry~:~yJiiB. KpiiiOCHHIIhKHH KaB

HaCTYII

aHTHKpiiiOCHHIIhKY

Hapo)J,HHX

01103Hllil0

3aBopyiiieHHHX

Ha~:~ioHaJihHO-BH3BOJihHOMY qaH

iloro

rroBcTaHHH

CHH

3apO)J,lKY€ThCH pHIIIKiBCTBO He

3HaqHo JIHXOJiiTTH,

CeMeH

pyci

)J,iCTa€

HapO)J,HiH 3MaraHh

CBiH

qacn

p03BHTOK

TO)J,iiiiHiH

IIIO

KepiBHHKH

XMeJILHnqqnHH.

HKe

BHKJIH-

BHJIHJIOCH B

IrHaT

repoil

CJiaBH03BiCHe

CKJia)J,OBa

JIIO)J,

MicTax.

Mai16yTHiil

BOrHHIII e,

IlhOMY Bnco-

Hapo)J,Horo XVI

cT.

KaprraTChKe

011-

JIIO 6 OB '10

qacTHHa

OCIIiBa-

HalliOHaJihHO-

YKpaiHi.

)J,OJIIO

KOJIH

BOJIOChKHM

Op)J,H

CeJIHH, TaK

BH)J,iJIHIOThCH

rroripiiiyBaJIO IX

IIpHKaprraTChKHH

MiiiiaH

ceJiax,

TBopqocTi,

BncoqaH

IIpnKaprraTTi i

aHTHKpiiiOCHHIIhKe

ycHiH

BH3BOJihHHX

IIIJIHXTH

IIpHKaprraTChKOrO IIIJIHXOM

piK

JIIO)J,Y B

piK

TaTapCbKe

Haiia)J,aJIH

ImocmpoeaHa raJIHllhKi

icmopi5l

3eMJii

IIOJIOHHJIH

rrepe)J,

6oKy

IloKyTTH,

413

ToM

IIpHHOCHJIH

pyiny

3HHIII eHHH,

JIIO)J,.

KoJiopnTHOIO BHCTyrrae

IlpuKapnammR.

icTopnqnoro

PoKCOJiaHa,

naMn

HKa

cnolil

<J>iryporo

HapO)J,HJiaCH

BeJinqi

llhOMY B

cyMH03BicnoMy

MiCTi

Toroqacnnx

PoraTHHi

qaci

IIOCTa€

icTopnqnnx )J,.lKepeJiax

Jieren)J,ax. He3Ba.lKaroqn na Ba.lKKHH Toroqacnnil cTan, ynpMJieni rroJihChKHMH rranaMn

rrpnKaprraTu;i e)J,HaJIHCH 3 BeJIHKOIO YKpalnoro,

3Bi)J,KH rrpn6y-

BaJin IM na )J,OIIOMory 3arropi3LKi K03aKn, )J,e rryJILcynaJin nau;ionaJihHO-BH3BOJihHi

pyxn.

Ky JILTypa na rrocHHIITBa.

IIpnKaprraTTi po3BHBaJiacn B

Ilpo u;e

CBi)J,qaTh IIHChMOBi

JIHllhKe €BaHreJiiH 14 4 4 i

CKJia)J,HHX

IIaM'HTKH

yMonax Kpi-

(KpHJIOChKe

ra-

15 68 IIIKOJIH B JiiTOIIHCHHX MiCTaX (raJinqi,

PoraTnni, TncMennu;i), KYJILTypno-ocniTHH po6oTa u;epKOBHHX 6paTCTB B

raJinqi,

PoraTHHi.

CJiaBy

THHChKiH i1,pyKapni, )J,e TypH

i1,pyKap

CJIOBHHKa

IlaMBO

rrpnHeCJIH

rrpau;IOBaB nepHH)J,a,

,JleKCiKOHy".

orry6JiiKOBaHi

KHHrH

CTpa-

BH3HaqHHH )J,iHq yKpaiHChKOI KyJihaBTOp

,I(o Haiiioro

CJiaBH03BiCHOrO

TOIIKOBOrO

qacy )J,iHIIIJIH IIIe)J,eBpH u;epKOB-

HOI apxiTeKTypn Ta iKonocTacni po3rrncn CnnTo)J,yxiBchKOI u;epKBH B PoraTHHi,

nJiaronimeHChKOI

u;epKBH

KoJIOMHI,

BHCOKOXY)J,O.lKHiH

.lKHBorrncnnil po3rrnc MailcTpa ,I(MnTpin i3 u;epKBH Pi3)J,Ba Eoropo)J,Hlli

,I(OJIHHH

(1565).

HapocTaHHH rroqaTKOM

nau;ionaJihHO-BH3BOJihHoro

XMeJILnnqqnnn

rrepepocJio

nnx IIOBCTaHh B raJIHllhKiH 3eMJii. B

pyxy

B O)J,HO

IIpnKaprraTTi

nai16iJihiiiHX napo)J,-

qac rrepeXO)J,y BH3BOJihHHX BiHChK

Eor)J,aHa XMeJihHHllhKOro qepe3 raJinqnny B IIpnKaprraTChKOMY KpaiO OKpeMi 3arOHH CeJIHH, MilllaH, !1,pi6HOI yKpaiHChKOI IIIJIHXTH, iJ,YXOBeHCTBa o6'e)J,HaB B O)J,HY y)J,apny 15-Tncnqny apMiiO CeMeH Bncoqan, 3a BH3HaqeHHHM

cyqacHHKiB

,XMeJihHHllhKHH

,rrepiiiHH BO.lK)J,h",

raJIHllhKOI 3eMJii".

3a CJIOBaMH iCTOpHKiB

3i6pani HHM Ha 3pa30K K03allh-

KOI oprani3au;il IIOK03aqeni IIOBCTaJii 3arOHH 3)J,06yBaJIH BOCeHH 164 8 p. IIIJIHXeTChKi lj>opTeu;i i 3aMKH i 3BiJihHHJIH 3-IIi)J, IIaHyBaHHH IIIJIHXTH Mail.lKe nee IIpnKaprraTTH, IM )J,OIIOMaraJin rro)J,eKy)J,n K03allhKi qaTn, a B

pH)J,i

MicT

BCTaHOBJIIOBaJIHCh

yKpalncLKi

ypH)J,H.

,I(oJIHHIIIHHi KepyBaB IIOBCTaJIHMH IBaH rpa6iBChKHH.

Ha B

KaJiymnni

YMOBaX IIIJIH-

xeTChKOI peaKu;il 1649-1650 pp. B 6araThOX MiCIIHX me aKTHBi3yBaJIH CBOI BHCTYIIH

IIpHKaprraTChKi

CeJIHHH

MilllaHH.

414

BoJtoiJuMup

Fpa6oeeU,bKUCi

,II)KEPEJIA TA JIITEPATYPA 3ArAJihHI )1)KEPEJIA XpecToMaTiH 3 icTopil IIpnKaprraTTH. naii)J,aBnirnnx qaciB

11,0

BMirn:eni B KHH3i )J,OKyMeHTH 3

cepe)J,HHH XIX cT. B anTeHTnqnnx rpaBropax i Kap-

Tax, cxeMax i pncynKax. qacTnna 1. IIoci6nnK )J,JIH icTopnKiB. YrropH)J,HHK BoJIO)J,HMHp rpa6oBellhKHH. PyKOIIHC.

3ArAJihHA JIITEPATYPA Monorpacj>il rpa6oBellhKHH. XYI-XIX CT. -

AHTHcj>eo)J,aJibHa 6opOTb6a KaprraTChKOro JlhBiB, 1966. -

rpa6oBellhKHH B. B. ryu;yJihUJ:HHa JlhBiB, 1982.

orrpHIIIKiBCTBa

252 c. XII-XIX CTOJiiTh. IcTopnqnnil napnc.

152 C.

rpa6oBellhKHH B. B. Hapnc icTopil IBaHo-<l>paHKiBChKa. 3 naii)J,aBHiiiiHX qaciB

11,0

rroqaTKY XX cToJiiTTH. -

IBano-<l>panKiBChK, 1989.

101 c.

rpa6oBellhKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp. HapHCH icTopil IIpnKaprraTTH. 3 naii)J,aBHiIIIHX qaciB

11,0

KiHIIH XV cT. T. I. -

IBano-<l>panKiBChK, 1992. -

rpa6oBellhKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp. HapHCH icTopil IIpnKaprraTTH. XVI rroJIOBHHa XVII cT. T. II. -

IBano-<l>panKiBChK. -

rpa6oBeiiLKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp. IcTopiH lleqenbtuma. rpa6oBellhKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp. rroqaTKY XX cT. q_ I. -

rreprna

210 c. KoJIOMHH, 1993. -

128 c.

IcTopiH KoJIOMHl. 3 HaH)J,aBHiiiiHX qaciB

KoJIOMHH, 1996. -

)1,0

174 c.

rpa6oBellhKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp. YToporrn. CTopiHKH icTopil. KiBChK, 1997. -

191 c.

IBano- <l>pan-

224 C.

rpa6oBellhKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp. Hapnc icTopil' raJIHqa. 3 HaH)J,aBHirnHX qaciB rroqaTKY XX CT. ,Uo 1100-piqqn 3aCHYBaHHH rpaJia. rpa6oBellhKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp. rroqaTKY XX cT. -

IcTopiH KaJiyrna.

,Uporo6nq, 1997. -

raJIHq, 1997. -

)1,0

244 c.

3 HaH)J,aBHiiiiHX qaciB

)1,0

223 c.

rpa6oBellhKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp. IcTopiH IBaHo-<l>paHKiBChKa (CTanicJiaBa). 3 naii)J,aBnirnnx qaciB 1999. -

11,0

rroqaTKY XX cToJiiTTH. q_ I. -

IBano-<l>panKiBChK,

304 c.

rpa6oBellhKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp. Hapnc icTopil KnHrHHHHa. KiBChK, 2000. -

152 C.

IBaHo-<l>paH-

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

415

rpa6oBellhKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp. IBaHiBu;i. IBano-<l>panKiBChK, 2001. - 256 c.

JiiTorrnc

ceJia

Ha)J,

IIpyTOM.

rpa6oBellhKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp. rpa6iBKa: IBano-<l>panKiBChK, 2001. - 256 c.

JiiTOIIHC oceJii Ha)J, JlyKBOIO. KniB, 1971. -

lcTopin MicT i ciJI YPCP. IBano-<l>panKiBChK. -

Min pi)J,nnil Kpail IIpnKaprraTTH. Bi)J,rroBi)J,aJihHHH pe)J,aKTop KononenKo. - IBano-<l>panKiBChK, 2000. - 346 c. Ha3ycTpiq Mpil. 1978. - 223 c.

Hapncn

icTopii IIpnKaprraTTH.

637 c. B. I.

IBano- <l>panKiBChK,

0KpeMi BH)J,aHHH <l>paHKO IBaH. IIaHIIIHHa Ta II CKacyBaHH€ 1848 p. B rannqnni. 1913. rpa6oBellhKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp. JiiTorrnc 3arropi3bKOro K03aliTBa. paHKiBChK, 1992.

IBaHO-

)J)KEPEJIA TA JIITEPATYPA JJ:O P03)J;IJIIB Po3)J,iJI B qACII rJIHEOKOl ,UABHIIHII I KHIBCbKOl PYCI MonorpacJ>ii Hapncn cTapo)J,aBHhOI icTopii YKpaiHChKOI PCP. - KniB, 1957. - 632 c. ApxeoJiorin YKpaiHChKOI PCP. ToM rrepnmil. IIepBicna apxeoJiorin. KniB, 1971. - 451 c. ApxeoJiorin YKpaiHChKOI PCP. ToM i1,pyrnil. CKncJ>o-capMaTChKa Ta anTnqna apxeoJiorin. - KniB, 1971. - 504 c. ApxeoJiorin YKpaiHChKOI PCP. ToM TpeTiii. PannLocJioB'nnchKHH Ta )J,aBHhopycLKHH rrepio)J,H. - KniB, 1975. - 502 c. EpaifqeBChKHH M. 10. niJIH )J,MepeJI CJIOB'HHChKOI )J,epMaBHOCTi. KniB, 1964. - 355 c. ill

CB€IIIHiKoB I. K. lcTopin naceJieHHH IIpnKaprraTTn, IIo)J,iJIJIH i BoJinni B Kinu;i - na rroqaTKy II TncnqoJiiTTn )J,O naiiioi epn. - KniB, 1974. - 207 c.

CTapo)J,aBH€ noro JiaiJ,y). U:nrHJIHK B. naiiioi epn. -

naceJieHHH IIpnKaprraTTH i BoJinni. (,Uo6a rrepBicnoo6IIIHHKniB, 1974. - 286 c. M. HaceJieHHH BepxnLoro IIpn)J,nicTpoB'n rrepiiinx cToJiiTh KniB, 1975. - 175 c.

KpyiiieJihHHllhKa JI. I. IIiBniqne IIpnKaprraTTH pannLoro 3aJii3a. - KniB, 1976. - 144 c.

3axi)J,Ha BoJIHHh 3a )J,o6n

416

BOJwiJuMup

CTapo,ll,aBH€ naceJieHHH

IIo,~J,nicTpoB'n

Fpa6oeeU,bTWU

KHIB, 1975. -

B ,11,o6y Me3oJiiTy.

165 c. HaceJieHHH IIpnKaprraTTH i BoJIHHi. 3a ,11,o6n po3KJia,ll,y rrepBicnoo6rn:nnnoro Jia,ll,y Ta B ,ll,aBHhopycLKHH qac. -

KniB,

1977. -

140 c.

KpyrneJihHHllhKa JI. I. B3a€M03B'H3KH naceJieHHH IIpnKaprraTTH i BoJIHHi 3 rrJieMeHaMH

Cxi,~J,nol

KHIB, 1985. -

i U:enTpaJihHOI €Bporrn (py6hK err ox 6poH3H i 3aJii3a).

162 c.

ApxeoJiornqecKHH cJioBaph. I. Epeil, ,U. TpaMrr. -

MocKBa, 1990. -

Eapan B. ,U. ,UaBni cJioB'nnn. YKpalna Kphh BiKH. -

KniB, 1998. -

367 c. 335 c.

JilncTHTYT apxeoJiorHH AH CCP. liiBano-<l>paHKOBCKan o6JiaCTh. ApxeoJiornqecKan qacTh. CocTaBHTeJIH cJioBapn E. A. BacnJieHKo, E. II. ToMeHqYK· CJIOBHHK yTBepM,ll,eH na 3ace,11,aHHH OT,ll,eJia apxeoJiorHH pannnx CJIOBHH

30.03.1988. KneB - liiBano-<l>paHKOBCK, 1988. PyKorrnc. - 153 c; BicHHK N2 35. ,UepMaBHHH peecTp rraM'HTOK apxeoJioril IBano-<l>panKiBChKOI o6JiacTi. - IBano-<l>panKiBChK, 2001. - 179 c. Po3,11,iJI II IIPHKAPIIATTH B IIEPIO,U MOrYTHOCTI rAJIHU:bKOrO KHH3IBCTBA -

,UEPLKABJil XII-Xill CT.

Annoymi Belae Regis Notarii de gestes Hungarorum. Liber II. De cuitatibus Lodomeria et Galicii - In Scriptores rerum Hungaricorum. Budapest, 1957. T. II. JiiTorrnc PycLKHH. 3a IrraTiiBChKHM crrncKoM rrepeKJiaB Jleoni,11, MaxnoBeu;L. -

KHIB,

1990. (B KHH3i BMirn:eni TpH OCHOBHi JiiTOIIHCH ,IIoBiCTh

MHHYJIHX JiiT", ,KHIBChKHH JiiTorrnc", ,raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKHH JiiTorrnc"). IIoBiCTh MHHYJIHX JiiT. JiiTorrnc. -

KniB, 1982.

CJioBo o rroJIKY IropeBiM. <l>oToKorrin BH,ll,aHHH 1800 p. - KniB, 1952. ApKac MnKoJia. lcTopin YKpalnn-Pycn. - KniB, 1908. IIepio,11, TpeTiil. AyJiiX B. B. 3 icTopil JiiTOIIHCHoro raJIHqa. ,UocJii,li,MeHHH 3 CJIOB'HHOPYChKOI apxeoJioril. - KniB, 1976. - C. 120-131. AyJIHX B. B. lilcTopnqecKaH TOIIOrpac)>HH ,ll,peBHero raJIHqa. CJioB'HHCKHe ,11,peBHOCTH. ETnorene3. nayqnhiX Tpy,ll,oB. BoiiTOBHq JleBKO.

XII-Xill cT. -

MaTepnaJILHan KYJILTypa ,11,peBnoil Pycn.

KneB, 1980. -

Y,ll,iJihHi KHH3iBCTBa PropHKOBHqiB i

re,li,HMiHOBHqiB B

JlLBiB, 1996. B ,li,BOX qacTHHax.

,UopornenKo ,U. I. Hapnc icTopil YKpalnn. Po3,ll,iJI VII. -

C6opHHK

C. 133-150.

JlLBiB. 1991. -

84-100. rpa6oBellhKHH BoJIO,li,HMHp. 3BeHHropO,ll,. HapHCH icTopil 3axi,li,HOYKpaiH-

ChKHX MiCT. -

JlhBiB, 1959.

rpa6oBellhKHH B. raJIHllhKe IIOBCTaHHH 1144 p. Pa,li,HHChKa eHIIHKJIOIIe,ll,iH icTopil YKpalnn, KniB, 1969. -

C. 393.

ImocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

IlpuKapnammR.

ToM

417

rpa6oBellhKHH B. raJIHllhKe IIOBCTaHHH 1189. TaM caMO. rpa6oBellhKHH B. raJIHllhKe IIOBCTaHHH 1221 p. TaM caMO. rpa6oBellhKHH B. raJIHllhKe IIOBCTaHHH 1144 p. TaM caMO.

c. 393. c. 393-394. - c. 393.

rpa6oBellhKHH B. 3Bi)J,KH IIOXO)J,HTh KoJIOMHH I I HayKa i cycrriJihCTBO. 1986. - N!! 6. - C. 30. (CrriBaBTop A. qopHnil). rpa6oBellhKHH B. KoJIH BHHHK raJinq? IIaM'HTh: 3 icTopil MiCT KaprraTChKa rrpaB)J,a. - 1988. - 27 ciqHn.

IIpn-

rpa6oBellhKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp. IIpnKaprraTTH B ,CJioBi". ,Uo 800-piqqn ,CJioBa o rroJIKY IropeBiM"

LKoBTeHh. -

1990. -

N!! 8. -

C. 95-97.

rpa6oBellhKHH B. ,UaHHJIO raJIHllhKHH (,I( 0 725 -piqqn CMepTi). CTopiHKH )J,peBHhOI icTopil

Pa)J,HHChKHH rre)J,aror. -

1990. -

16 ciqHn.

rpa6oBellhKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp. Po3KpHBa€ThCH Ta€MHHIIH raJinqHol MOrHJIH.

CeHcau;iiiHi p03KOIIKH yKpaiHChKHX apxeoJioriB. ,Uo 1100-piqqn raJIHqa raJIHllhKHH Co6op. q_ 1. CeprreHh 1989. rpa6oBellhKHH

raJinq -

6-7.

CTOJIHIIH PocTHCJiaBnqiB i PoMaHOBnqiB y

Mi.lKHapO)J,HHX Bi)J,HOCHHax XII-Xill 36ipHHK HayKoBnx rrpau;L. KniB. rpa6oBellhKHH B.

CT.

KH.

raJIHq i raJIHllbKa 3eMJIH.

laJinq, 1998. -

C. 41-46.

CTOJIHIIH PocTHCJiaBHqiB i PoMaHOBnqiB y Mi.lKHapO)J,HHX

Bi)J,HOCHHax XII-Xill CT. (,Uo 1100-piqqn 3aCHYBaHHH raJIHqa)

BicHHK IIpHKap-

rraTChKOro yHiBepcnTeTy. lcTopin. BnrrycK I. IBaHo-<l>paHKiBcLK, 1998. -C. 3-13. rpa6oBellhKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp. IIpo6JieMH icTopil raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOI )J,ep.lKaBH Ta KHH.lKOro II Tnqa B rrpau;nx IBaHa Kpnrr'HKeBnqa IBaHo-<l>paHKiBChK. 1998. N!! 1. -

raJIHqnHa.

C. 11-18 (crriBaBTop M. ByHHKo).

rpa6oBellhKHH B. B. 06'e)J,HaHHH raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKHX 3eMeJih B €)J,HHY )J,ep.lKaBy - crra)J,KO€MHIIIO KniBChKOI YKpaiHn-Pycn. ,Uo 800-piqqn yTBopeHHH raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOro KHH3iBCTBa I I BicHHK IIpnKaprraTChKOro yHiBepCHTeTy. lcTopin, BnrrycK II. - IBaHo-<l>paHKiBChK, 1999. - C. 17-26. rpa6oBellhKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp. raJIHq y Mi.lKHapO)J,HHX Bi)J,HOCHHax XII-Xill CTOJiiTTH. B KH. raJIHq i raJIHllhKa 3eMJIH B yKpaiHChKOMY )J,ep.lKaBOTBOpeHHi (,I(o 1100-piqqn raJIHqa i 800-piqqn raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKOrO KHH3iBCTBa). IBaHo-<l>paHKiBChK, 1999. -

C. 78-90.

rpyrneBChKHH MnxaHJIO. IJIIOCTpOBaHa icTopiH YKpaiHH. )J,eHh, 19 21. -

rpyrneBChKHH MnxaHJIO. lcTopiH YKpaiHn-Pycn. T. BiKy. -

KniB -

Bi-

qacTHHa rreprna i i1,pyra. 1. ,Uo rroqaTKY XI

KniB, 1991.

rpyrneBChKHH MnxaHJIO. lcTopiH YKpaiHn-Pycn. XI-XII BiK I. II. KniB, 1991. rpyrneBChKHH MnxaHJIO. lcTopiH YKpaiHn-Pycn. ,Uo poKy 1340. I. III. KniB, 1993. rpeKOB E. ,U. KpeCThHHe Ha Pycn c )J,peBHeHIIIHX BpeMeH )1,0 XVI BeKa. MocKBa, 1946.

418

BOJwiJuMup

,UaiiiKeBnq

KnsnKenie

TpaHHhiM H3BeCTHHM. -

,UaHHIJia

raJIHllhKOro

Fpa6oeeU,bTWU

pyccKHM

KoBaJih I. EoifqyK B. MaH)J,piBKa no KHHMOMY raJIHqy. KocTOMapoB

H HHOC-

KniB, 1873.

MHKOJia.

KHH3h

,UaHHJIO

PoMaHOBHq

IcTopin YKpalnn B MHTEnncax BH3naqnnx €1 )J,inqiB. 1918. -

can)J,p EapBiHChKHH y JlLBOBi. -

KoTJIHP M. <1>. ,UaHHJIO raJIHllhKHH. -

raJIHq, 19 91.

raJIHllhKHH.

KH.

IIepeKJiaB OJieK-

C. 127-159. KniB, 1979.

KoTJIHP H. <1>. K Bonpocy o rene3nce BOCToqno-cJiaBHHCKHX ropo)J,OB (Ha MaTepnaJiax

raJIHqHHhl H BoJihiHH).

MaTepnaJILHan

KYJILTypa

)J,peBneii

Kneo, 1980. -

C. 117-133.

CJiaBHHCKHe )J,peBHOCTH. Pycn.

Kpnn'nKeBnq I. II. IcTopin YKpalnn. -

C6opHHK

nayqnhiX

JlLBiB, 1990. -

Kpnn'nKeBnq I. II. raJIHllhKO-BOJIHHChKe KHH3iBCTBO. IIacTepHaK .HpocJiaB. CTapHH raJIHq. -

KpaKiB -

Tpy)J,oB.

po3)J,iJI XI. JlhBiB 1984.

JlhBiB, 1944.

IIaiiiyTo B. r. OqepKH HCTOpHH raJIHIIKO-BOJihiHCKOH Pycn. IIamHH PoMaH. 3eMJIH raJIHllhKa. -

3THOreHe3.

MocKBa, 1950.

raJIHq, 19 91.

IIoJIOHChKa-BacnJieHKO HaTaJiin. IcTopin YKpalnn. -

KniB, 1992. T. I.

PaTnq 0. ,UpeBHhopycLKi apxeoJioriqni naM'HTKH na TepnTopil 3axi)J,HHX o6JiacTeii YPCP. KniB, 1957. Cy6TeJihHHH OpecT. IcTopin YKpalnn. -

KniB, 1991. q_ I.

qaqKOBChKHH JleB, XMeJieBCKHH .HpocJiaB. KHHMHH raJIHq (3 MaJIIOHKaMH Ta iJIIOCTpau;inMn) -

CTanicJiaBiB, 19 38.

illapaHeBnq I13H)J,Op. IfcTOpHH raJIHIIKO-BJia)J,HMHpCKOH Pycn. OT )J,peBHeHIIIHX BpeMeH

)1,0

ro)J,a 1453. -

JlbBOB, 1863.

Po3)J,iJI III KYJibTYPA B rAJIIIU:bKIH ,UEPLKABI XII-Xill CT. rpa6oBellhKHH cToJiiTTH.

BoJIO)J,HMHp.

TnMoc)>in,

LKoBTeHh, 1984. -

rpa6oBellhKHH

Mir

6yTH

N2 1. aBTOpOM

AB)J,iH,

MnTyca

,CJioBa"

TnMoc)>iii. ,Uo 800-piqqg ,CJioBa o noJIKY IropeBiM". 1984. -

MHTlli

XIII

C. 104-107 npeMy)J,pHH

KHHMHHK

KoMc. npaB)J,a. -

20 rpy)J,HH.

rpa6oBellhKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp.

raJIHllhKa Tpinu;n XIII CTOJiiTTH. -

AB)J,iH, MnTyca. (,Uo 1100-piqqg raJIHqa). 3y6pnu;LKHH ,U.

11.

TnMoc)>in,

IBaHo-<l>paHKiBChK, 1989. -

KpnTHKo-ncTopnqecKan noBeCTh

40 c.

BpeMennnx JieT

qepBOHOH HJIH raJIHIIKOH Pycn. B KH. qTeHHH o6meCTBa HCTOpHH )J,peBHOCTeH poccnilcKnx. ,I(.

MocKBa, 1845. Heony6JiiKoBannii pyKonnc npau;i

3y6pH£1hKOrO, HKHH 36epira€ThCH B JlhBiBChKiH HayKOBiH 6i6JiiOTeu;i

iM. B. CTec)>annKa HAH YKpalnn y BiMiJii pyKonnciB. <l>on)J, EaBopoBChKoro N2 16301III.

lfllocmpo(JaHa

icmopiR

IlpUJwpnammR.

ToM

419

KoBaJib I. EofiqyK B. CTapo)J,aBHiH ranHq. - raJIHq, 1998. KoBaJib I. MeJibHHqYK .H. ,IJ:yxonHq. ,IJ:onra )J,Opora )1,0 raJIHqa. - raJIHq, 1993. JlyKOMCbKHH 10. B. ApxiTeKTypna crra)J,mHHa )l;aBHboro ranHqa. - raJIHq, 1001. <l>irOJib MHxaHJIO. MHCTeU:TBO CTapo)J,aBHboro ranHqa. - KHIB, 1997. Pelenski I. Halicz w dziejach sztuki sredniowiecznej na podstawie badan archeologicznych i :irodel archiwalnych. - Krakow, 1914. Po3)J,iJI IV ICTOPI.H IIPIIKAPIIATT.H B XV cT. Codes epistolaris sacculi decimi quinti, tomus 3. Collectus Opera Anatolu Lewicki. - Krakow, 1894. S. 368-369. Jablonowski A. Sprawy Woloskie za Jagellonow. - "Zrodla dzieowe", T. 10. - Warszawa, 1878. - S. 31-32. Dabkowski P. Podzial administracyjny wojewodstwa Ruskiego i Belzkiego XV wieku. Lwow, 1939. Liborius Nakkers. Tagenbuch tiber den Kriegszug des Hochmeisters Johann V. Tiegen gegen die Tiirken im J. 1497. herausg von M. Toppen. Scriptores Rerum Prussicorum. Erlich J. Starostowa w Halickiem w stosunku do starostwa Lwowskiego w wiekach srednich (1490-1501), Lwow, 1914. Hejnosh W. Jus Ruthenicole. Bezezytki dawnnego ustroju spolecznego na Rusi Halickiej w XV wieku. - Lwow, 1928. Kronika polska Marcina Bielskiego. T. 3, ksiE;ga 4. - Sanok, 1856. s. 887. Metricularum Regni Poloniae Summario, pars 2 (Iohanis Alberti regis tempore completens 1497-1501). Varsoviae. MCMVII. S. 74/1179. Rocznik Jona z Targowiska 1386-1496. Wylat Emil Kalitowski. Monumenta Poloniae Historyka. Pomniki dziejowe Polski... Krakow - Lwow, 1878. - S. 238-240. Rundstein Sz. LudnoSC wiesniacza ziemi halickiej w wieku XV. Studja nad hNmj~ prawa polskiego. T. 11. Ll. zeszyt II. Lwow, 1909. Martini Czomari. De origine et rebus gestis. Liber. Vicesimus, octawus. Basiliae, 1568. Kronica Polska, Litewska, Zmodzka i Wszystkiej Rusi Macieja Strykowskiego. Warszawa, 1846. - S. 291. Szaraniewicz Izedor. Rys wewnE;trznych stosunkow Galicji Wschodniej w drugiej polowie piE;tnastego wieku. - Lwow, 1863. rpa6oBeU:bKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp. MyxH IIOBCTaHHR 1490-1491. P3,11,RHCbKa enU:HKJIOIIe)J,iR icTopii YKpainH. - KHIB, 1971 - T. 3. - C. 189-190.

BoJtoiJuMup

420

Fpa 6oeeu, bJW i1

rpa6oueu;hKHH B. B. CeJUIHChKe IIOBCTaHHH B raJIHllhKm 3eMJii rri)J, rrpoBO)J,OM Myxu 1490-1492 pp. B )J,MepeJiax. MaTepiaJIH 3BiTnol cecil IncTHTYTY cycrriJihHHX nayK AH YPCP. JlLBiB, 1971. - C. 56-57. rpa6oueu;hKHH BoJIO)J,HMHp. CeJIHHChKe IIOBCTaHHH Ha IIpnKaprraTTi rri)J, rrpoBO)J,OM Myxu 1490-1492. - JlLBiB, 1979. - 123 c. rpa6oueu;hKHH B. B. JiiTorruc ceJIHHChKOro IIOBCTaHHH Ha IIpnKaprraTTi rri)J, rrpoBO)J,OM Myxu 1490-1492 poKiB. Te3H )J,orroui)J,i Ta rroBi)J,OMJieHh nayKOBO-TeopeTnqnol Kon<J>epenu;il, rrpucunqenol 500-piqqro rroqaTKY ceJIHHChKoro IIOBCTaHHH Ha llpHKaprraTTi rri)J, IIpOBO)J,OM Hau;ioHaJihHOrO repOH Myxu. - Iuano-<l>panKiBChK. - 1990. - C. 4-5. rpa6oueu;hKHH B. B. HapO)J,HHH repoil Myxa B ou;inu;i )J,inqiu nayKH Ta KYJILTypu. TaM caMo. C. 7-9. rpa6oueu;hKHH B. B IIorJIH)J,H aKa)],. M. rpyrneBChKOro Ha rrpo6JieMy rroucTaHHH 1490-1492 poKiB rri11, rrpoBO)J,OM Myxu. TaM caMo. C. 9-10. rpa6oueu;hKHH B. B. Iuan <l>paHKO rrpo raJIHllhKHH Kpail y XV CT. TaM caMo. C. 10-11. rpa6oueu;hKHH B. B. rannu;hKa 3eMJIH XV CTOJiiTTH y rrpau;nx 13H)J,Opa Illapaueouqa. - C. 20-21. KoTJIHP M. raJIHllhKa Pych y i1,pyriil IIOJIOBHHi XIV rreprniil quepTi XV cT. IcTopnKo-nyMi3MaTnqne )J,OCJii)J,MeHHH. - Kulu, 1968. PyiJ,HHllhKHH C. PycLKi 3eMJii rroJihChKOI Koponu rrpu Kinu;i XV B. BopoMi narra11,n i opranhau;in rrorpanuqnol o6oponu - JlhBiB, 1899.

3arrucu HTIII. T. 31-32.

Moxon H. A. BoccTanue yKpauncKnx u MOJI)J,aBCKHX KpecThHH rro11, PYKOBO)J,CTBOM Myxu 1490-1492 rr. Jil3uecTHH MoJI)J,aBcKoro lj>nJIHaJia AH CCCP. N!! 4-8. - Kurnuneu, 1953. - C. 17-29. Po3)J,iJI V JIITOIIMC ICTOPII IIPMKAPIIATTH B XVI

IIEPIIIIM IIOJIOBMHI

XVII CTOJIITb. U:enTpaJihHHH )J,epMaBHHH ICTopuqnuil apxiu YKpalnu B M. JlLuoui <J>. 5 (raJIHllhKHil rpo)J,chKHil cy11,) T. 110-141. JlLBiBChKa nayKoBa 6i6JiioTeKa iM. B. CTelj>annKa HAH YKpalnu. Bi)J,)J,iJI pyKorruciu OccoJiiHChKHX N!! 225JII N!! 127; N!! 2311II, N!! 2346; qoJIOBChKOro. N!! 5, N!! 2145JIII; Apxiu KHH3iB JI6JioHOBChKHX 3 EyprnTHHChKoro 3aMKy,

N2 116152. C. 18-19, N2 94. IcTopuqni 3HaHHH B 3axi)J,niil YKpalni B XVI-XVIII cT. IIoci6nnK-XpecTOMaTiH. IcTopuqni 3arrncKH IIpnKaprraTChKOI icTopuqnol IIIKOJIH. - Iuano<l>panKiBChK, 2000, 80 c. (crriuauTop B. MapqyK).

lfllocmpoeaHa

icmopi5l

AnTonouuq uapo,11,a, -

B.,

T. I

IlpuKapnammR.

,UparoManou

(Kulu, -

ToM

421

JilcTopuqecKue

rrecnu

MaJiopyccKoro

1874), C. 232-233.

rpa6oBeU:LKHH B. B. PoJIL 3arropi3LKOro K03aU:TBa B icTopil 3axi,!l,noyKpatHChKHX 3eMeJIL B XIV-XVIII cT. Cupe,!I,)KYK II.

Jlhuiu, 1969. Po3,!1,iJI I-II. (PyKorruc)

JiiCTOpHR 3aCeJieHHR raJIHqcKOH 3eMJIH B XIV-XVIII BB.

PyKorrucL KaH,!I,H,!I,aTCKOH ,!I,HccepTan:uu. -

flLBOB, 1983.

rpa6oBeU:LKHH BoJIO,!I,HMHp. PoKCOJiaHa B icTopil'. rpa6oBeU:LKHH B. rrpaB,!I,a. -

X To BORa -

1993. -

rpa6oBeU:LKHH

Iuano-<l>paHKiBCLK, 34 c.

YJIRHa 3 PoraTHHa

IIpHKaprraTCLKa

7 ciqnn.

3arropi3LKi

rrparrop (KOJIOMHR), 1968, -

K03aKH

KoJIOMHHIIIHHi

3arpe6eJILHHH IIauJio. PoKcoJiana. IcTopuqnun poMan. KicL .HpocJiaB. flereH,!I,H i 1987.

NQ 6. -

qepBOHHH

12 TpaBHR. <J>aKTH rrpo PoKcoJiany

Kulu, 1987. Apxiuu YKpalnu,

25-31.

KpHMCLKHH A. 10. IcTopin Typeqqunu. Tuopu B 5 TOMax. ToM qeTBepTHH. Cxo,!I,03HaBCTBO. -

Kulu. -

1924. C. 424-440.

KyJiim II. JilcTopun uoccoe,!I,HHenun Pycu. T. III. -

MocKBa. -

1877.

MeMyapLI, OTHOCRIIIHeCR K HCTOpHH IO)KHOH Pycu, Bhiii. I, 1870 IIO,!I, pe,11,. B. AnTonouuqa. -

19 (MeMyapu MuxauJia flHTBHHa).

IIepmun rroxi,11, 3arropi3LKHX K03aKiB na IIpnKaprraTTR 500-piqqn 1992. -

BHHHKHeHHR

yKpalncLKoro

K03aU:TBa.

1613 poKy. ,Uo

3axi,!I,HHH

Kyp'ep.

7 TpaBHR.

BHCTaBKa iCTOpHKO-KYJILTypHHX TBOpiB, IIpHCBRqeHHX 500-piqqro BHHHKHeHHR 3arropi3LKoro K03aU:TBa. 3 KOJieKn:il ,!I,OKTopa icTopuqnux nayK, rrpo<J>ecopa B. B. rpa6oBeU:LKOro. -

Iuano-<l>paHKiBCLK, 1992.

PoJIL 3arropi3LKoro K03aU:TBa B icTopil YKpalnu. ,Uo 500-piqqn YKPaiHCLKoro K03aU:TBa B iCTopil YKpalnu.

3axi,!I,HHH Kyp'ep. -

1992. -

)KOBTHR. 500-piqqn yKpalncLKoro K03aU:TBa i ranuquna. MaTepiaJIH nayKoBo-TeopeTuqnol Kon<J>epenu:il. -

Iuano-<l>panKiBCLK, 19 9 2.

rpa6oBeU:LKHH B. PoJIL 3arropi3LKOro K03aU:TBa B icTopil raJIHqunu. TaM caMo. -

18-25.

rpa6oBeU:LKHH B. HapO,!I,HHH IIOJIKOBO,!I,eU:L IIpHKaprraTTR CeMeH Bucoqan -

rro6opHHK €,!1,Hannn raJIHqunn 3 Ko3aU:LKOIO YKpalnoro. -

49-52.

TaM caMo.

rpa6ouen:LKHH B. ,UoKyMeHT rrpo rrepmun rroxi,11, 3arropi3LKHX K03aKiB na IIpnKaprrarrn 1613 p. rpa6oBeU:LKHH TaM caMo. -

TaM caMo C. 52-55.

XMeJILHHqquna B rraM'RTHHKax CTapOBHHH

raJIHqunn.

C. 99-102.

Lozinski. Prawem i lewem. Obyczaje na Czerwonej Rusi. - Lwow, 1903.

422

BoJtoiJuMup

Czolowski A. Z przeszlosci Jezupola i okolicy. - Lw6w, Hornowa Eli:bieta. Stosunki ekonomiczno-spoleczne w Halickiej w latach 1590-1648. - Opole, 1963. Hom Maurycy. Skutki ekonomiczne najazd6w tatarskich z na Rus Czerwona. - Wroclaw - Warszawa, 1964. Baranski K. Pezemineli, zokonczycy, chliborobi, chasydzi. Stanislawowsko-Kolomyjsko-Stryjskej. London, 1988.

Fpa6oBeU,b/WU

1931. miastach

ziemi

lat 1605-1633 Rzecz o ziemi

Po3,!1,iJI VI IIPMKAPIIATCbKA XMEJibH1fqq1fHA (1648-1665

pp.)

LKepeJia ,!1,0 icTopil YKpalun-Pycn. T. IV. raJIHIJ;bKi aKTH 3 p. 1648-1649. JlbBiB, 1898. LKepeJia ,!1,0 icTopil YKpalun-Pycn. T. v. rannuhKi aKTH 3 p. 1649-1651. - JlbBiB, 1905. LKepeJia ,11,0 icTopil YKpalun-Pycn. T. VI. - JlbBiB, 1913. U:enTpaJibHHH ,11,epJKaBHHH icTopnqunn apxin YKpalun y M. JlbBOBi. . 5. raJIHuhKHH rpo,!I,ChKHH cy,11,. T. 141-144. JlbBiBcbKa uayKona 6i6JiioTeKa iM. B. CTeannKa HAH YKpalun. . OccoJiiHCbKHX. N!! 225111; N!! 231; Apxin KHR3iB .H6JIOHOBCbKHX 3 BypmTHHCbKoro 3aMKY N!! 116152. apK. 18-19. rpa6oneubKHH B. B. IIOJIKOBO,!I,eub ceJIRHCbKO-K03aubKOro BiHCbKa CeJIRH Bncoqau. ,II:o 300-piqqn 3 ,!I,HR 3arn6eJii. I I YKpalucbKHH icTopnqunn JKYPuaJI. - 1967. - N!! 8. - C. 142-145. rpa6oneubKHH B. HapO,!I,HHH IIOJIKOBO,!I,eub CeMeH Bncoqau I I IlpHKaprraTCbKa rrpaB,!I,a. - 1969. - 11 JKOBTHR. rpa6oneubKHH B. Bncoqau CeMeH. (CeMeH ruaTOBHq) Pa,!J,RHCbKa EHUHKJIOIIe,!l,iR icTopil YKpalun. - 1969. - T. 1. - C. 283. rpa6oneubKHH B. B. 3axi,!l,noyKpalucbKi 3eMJii B rrepio,11, uapo,!I,HO-BH3BOJibHol ninun 1648-1654 pp. - Knln, 1972. - 192 c. rpa6oneubKHH B. Bncoqau. YKpaiHCbKa Pa,!J,RHCbKa EnuHKJIOIIe,!l,iR. 2-re BH,!I,anun. - 1978. T. 2. - C. 134. rpa6oneubKHH B. CeMeH Bncoqau. ,II:o 400-x pOKOBHH Bor,!l,aHa XMeJibHHU:bKOro. - Inauo- <l>pauKiBChK, 19 9 5. rpa6oneubKHH BoJIO,!I,HMHp. HapO,!I,HHH IIOJIKOBO,!I,eub CeMeH Bncoqau. Inauo-<l>pauKiBChK, 2001. - 60 c. CnncTyu . 11. MaTepnaJIH ,11,0 icTopil XMeJibHnqqnun B qepnouon Pycn I I BecunK uapo,!l,noro ,!I,OMa. - JlbBiB, 1910. ToMamiBCbKHH CTerrau. HapO,!I,Hi pyxn B raJIHuhKiH Pyci 1648 p. I I 3arrncKH HTill. - T. 23-24. - JlbBiB, 1898. XMeJibHnqqnua B raJIHqnui Ta €1 xn6n ua rri,!l,cTaBi rrpaub CT. ToMamenCbKoro ,HapO,!I,Hi pyXH B rannqnui 1648 p.". - JlbBiB, 1906. - 64 C.

lfllocmpo(JaHa

icmopiR

IlpUJwpnammR.

ToM

423

.Hn:KeBnq â&#x201A;ŹBren. BH3BOJihHi rroxo)J,H Eor)J,ana XMeJibHHU:bKoro na 3axi)J,ni 3eMJii YKpainn. - JlbBiB, 1954. Brahadino Pijetro. Le relazioni degli ambasciadori. Vinci ai Senato, edite da eug. Alberti. T. IX. S. 3. - Florensja. - 1855. Busbel\ui U. G. Legationis Turciae epistolac qoatuor. - 1633. Giovii P. Turcicorum sui tempores. - 1552. T. II. Hammer J. Histoire de tempire Ottoman. T. V. Paris. - 1836. Jorga N. Gesichte des Osmanischen Reiches. - 1909. Klonowicz. Roxolania. - 1584. Listy hetmana Tarnowskiego do Albrechta z r. 1554 o tactycie wojennej z turkami przez Wt. Rogatynskiego. Prze~d Historyczny. Listy Roxolany. Sz. Askenozy. Kwartalnik historyczny - 1896. S. 113-114. Navadzero Bernardo. 1553. Alberi. T. III, Serja 3, T. I- Florencja.- 1840. Przewoznia legacja i o. Krzysztofa Zbaraskiego do Najja.Sniejszego soltana cesara tureckiego Mustazy w r. 1621 prses Samuelo z Skrzypny Twardowskiego, Poezje Samuela z Sk. Twardowskiego. - 1861. S. 169. Trevisano Domenico. 1554. Alberti. T. IX. - serja 3. Zajl\czkowski A. List turecki Sulejmana II do Zygmunta Augusta w 6wczesnej transkrypcji i tlumaczeniu polskiem z r. 1551. Rocznik Orjentalistyczny. - 1936. - S. 115-116. Zdanie sprawy o tatarach litawskich przez jedniego z tych tatar6w zlozone sultanowi Sulejmanovi w r. 1558. tlum. A. Muchilinski. - 1857. - S. 76. Czolowski A. Dawne zamki i twerdze na Rusi Halickiej. Teka conserwatorska. - Lw6w, 1892. Ostaszewski-Baraniecki. Zawierucha chlopska na halickiej ziemi. I I Nasz kraj. Tygodnik ilustrowany. Lw6w, 1906. Prochaska A. Krwawy rok na Czerwonej Rusi I I Gazeta lwowska. Styczen, 1919. Czolowski Aleksandr. Z dziej6w Chmielniczyzny na Podkarpaciu. - Lw6w, 1931.

enuCTwn CoppoH MyiJpuu. JliTOIIHCeU:L IlpHKaprraTChKOI 3eMJii

MuTWJW Ky<ymRK.

MuKoJza BeceTU.

CJioBo rrpo KHHry

CJioBo rrpo aBTopa

IIepiiiO)J)KepeJia !JYXOBHOCTi Po3)1iJI I B •men rJiu6oKol )JaBHHHH i KuiBCLKol Pyci............................................ ,I(ocJii)JHHKH p03KpHBaiOTh )JaBHHHY Bi)J rraJieoJiiTy )JO 3aJii3Horo BiKy Ilmma CJIOB'RHChKHX IIJieMeH Bi)J ropO!JHio: B Po3)1iJI

)JO JiiTOIIHCHHX rpa)JiB

qacH KHIBCLKoi Pyci

20 20 25 33 38 45

IJpuKapnaTTJI B nepiO)J laJIUII,hKO-BOJIUHChKOI )Jep.IKaBU

XII -

no'laTKY

XIV cT

PocTHCJiaBHqi Ta lx rpa)JH CTOJIHU:R raJIHU:hKOI 3eMJii

,I He 6yTH COJii 110 BciH PycLKiH 3eMJii" BoJIO)JHMHpKO -

o6'€)1HyBaq raJIHU:hKOI 3eMJii

,nyB BiH KHR3h MY!JPHH i

KpaCHOMOBHHH"

ABTop ,CJioBa" rrpo qacH .HpocJiaBa OcMOMHCJia Bi)J BoJIO)JHMHpa .HpocJiaBHqa )JO PoMaHa McTHCJiaBHqa ,Cell )Ke KOpOJih ,I(aHHJIO 6yB KHR3eM

)J06pHM,

xopo6pHM i MY!JPHM" Harn;a)JKH ,UaHHJIOBi -

rrpaBHTeJii raJIHU:LKoi 3eMJii

YKpaiHCLKa )Jep*aBa PocTHCJiaBHqiB i y Mi*Hapo)JHHX Bi)JHOCHHax

99 107

PoMaHOBHqiB

XII-Xill cT

113 125

3 icTopil raJIHU:hKOI MHTpOIIOJiil Po3)1iJI

52 52 61 66 73 78 86 92

III

KyJILTypa B raJIUII,hKO-BOJIUHCLKili )Jep.IKaBi OcBiTa i IIHCeMHiCTh. KHIBChKHH i

XII-XIII CT XII-Xill CT

raJIHU:LKi €BaHreJiiR

raJIHU:hKO-BOJIHHChKHH JiiTOIIHCH

CBRTHHi KHR)KOrO rpa)Ja

127 127 133 134

raJIHU:LKa TpiHU:R: rrpeMy)J,pHH KHHJKHHK THMOij>iH CKyJILIITop-yMiJieU:L AB!J,iH. CJiaBeTHHH crriBaK MnTyca BaJKKi BHrrpo6yBaHHR raJIHU:hKOI 3eMJii B XIV CT

147 152 159

Po3)J,iJI IV lcTopin IIpuKaprraTrR B XV cr ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 168 3aceJieHHR raJIHU:hKOI 3eMJii y XV CT ,Bi)J, TOrO qacy )J,OJIR HaiiiHX CeJIRH 6yJia TRJKKa ... " ,Bo)J,aH TaKi IIOpR)J,KH HiKOMY H He CHHJIHCR!" IlpaBOBi Bi)J,HOCHHH y raJIHU:LKiH 3eMJii B XV CT MicTa raJIHU:hKOI 3eMJii B XIV -XV CTOJiiTTRX

168 174 180 186 191

CHRTHH.

192

KoJIOMHR

193 194 199 204 210 215 220

raJIHq 3a COU:iaJILHe Bi)J, IIOBCTaHL -

HaU:iOHaJILHe BH3BOJieHHR )1,0 HapO)J,HO-BH3BOJihHOI' BiHHH.

IIOXO)J,H MyxH Ha raJIHU:LKiH 3eMJii Koporra rrpoTH apMil Myxn IlpoBO)J,Hp AII)J,pin BopyJia. CMepTL Myxn Po3)J,iJI V .JliTorruc icTopii IIpuKapnaTTR B XVI -

nepwiii noJiosuui XVII CT.

3aceJieHHR raJIHU:hKOI 3eMJii B XVI-XVII CT raJIHllbKa 3eMJIR: rrpaBHTeJii i KpirraKH KpirraKH i IX IIOBHHHOCTi MicTa raJIHU:hKOI 3eMJii IlpoTeCTH ceJIRH. BnKyrr 3 Kpirran:Tsa CeJia Ha)J,ilB i PaKiB qnrrRTL orrip CeJIRHH pRTYIDTLCR BTeqero HerroKopa ceJIRH Tpnsae. CeJIRHH 6epyTLCR 3a 36poro OrrpHIIIKiBCLKHH pyx Con:iaJILHi BHCTYIIH MimaH 3arropi3LKi K03aKH Ha IlpHKaprraTTi 3aMKH i lj>opTeU:i raJIHU:hKOI 3eMJii TaTapCLKe JIHXOJiiTTR Ha raJIHU:hKH 3eMJii PoKcoJiarra B icTopil i Jiererr)J,ax HeBiJILHHqHMH IIIJIRXaMH IlpHKaprraTCLKa 6paHKa XTo Bona i RK II 3BaTH?. Hes'nrryqa Kpacyrrn.

229 229 234 239 246 251 256 261 266 270 276 281 286 293 301 308 310 315 318 .321

,I(Bipn:eBi iHTpHrH i Ta€MHHU:i 3B'R3KH 3 YKpalnow Ban)J,a BnnmeBeU:LKHH i Pocca. XTo Bona, YJIRHa 3 PoraTnna?. €)J,HaHHR raJinqan i Ha)J,)J,HillpRHU:iB KyJILTypa raJIHU:hKOI 3eMJii

323 328 .331 334 336 341

Po3)J,iJI VI IlpuKapnaTCLKa XMeJILHH'I'IUHa (1648-1655 pp.) .................................. 350 Bi)J,JiyHHR qnrnpnncLKHX )1,3BOHiB na IIpnKapnaTTi BH3BOJILHi noxo)J,H BiHCLK Bor)J,ana XMeJILHHU:LKoro ,XMeJILHHU:hKHH raJIHU:hKOI 3eMJii"

350 354 .357

ToBMaqqnna, 06epTHHIIIHHa, 3a6oJioTiBIIIHHa y noBcTanni CeMena Bncoqana

365

3a60JIOTiBIIIHHa i ropo)J,eHKiBIIIHHa y BOrHi 36ponnoro noBcTaHHR C. Bncoqana HapO)J,He IIOBCTaHHR IIi)], llpOBO)J,OM IBaHa rpa6iBChKOro

374 380

IIoKo3aqennR npnKapnaTCLKoro JIIO)J,y,

IIonoBJieHHR IIpnKapnaTCLKol XMeJILnnqqnnn 1649-1655 pp

391 .397 402

BHCHOBKH........................................................................................................

408

xapaKTep HapO)J,HOrO IIOBCTaHHR IIpnKapnaTCLKa Tpare)J,iR 1649 poKy

Haytcoee

rpa6oBeUhKHH IJIIOCTpoBaua 3

BUOUHHR

Bo~O~HMHp

icTopiH

HaH,IJ;aBHinHl:X qaciB )];0 ToM

IIpuKapnaTTH

IIOJIOBIIHII XVII CT. 1

JliTepaTypHHH pe)J,aKTop KopeKTOp

Bacu~bOBUq

IpHHa

KoMrr'IOTepHa BepCTKa -

Irop IleJiexaTHH rpHHiB

BoJIO)J,HMHp

ny)J,HHK

KapTH, CXeMH, CIO)KeTHi iJIIOCTpauj"i BHKOHaHi XY)J,O)KHHKaMH IropeM JJ:epKaqeM,

ocmanniii

ce.!lRHCbtco-Milll,aHcbtcux 6UKOHaHa

MHpOCJiaBOM raTaJieBHqeM

cmopinu,i noxoiJie

xyiJo:HCHUKOM

o6tc.naiJuntcu: na

tcapma-cxeMa

IIputcapnammi

Mupoc.!laBOM

eocenu

1648

rama.neeurteM

© BH)J,aBHHIU'BO ,HoBa 3opn", M. IBaHo-<l>paHKiBcbK, IIJI. A. Miu;KeBHqa, 5, TeJI.jl!>aKC (0342) 55-24-45; TeJI. (03422) 254-49 e-mail: nz@com.if.ua http://nz.com.if.ua CBi)J,ou;mo rrpo BHeceHHR )J,O JJ:ep*aBHoro Pe€cTpa cy6'€KTa BH)J,aBHHqo"i crrpaBH cepin JJ:K N!! 402 Bi)J, 04.04.2001 p. Ili)J,IIHcaHo )J,O !1,pYKY 03.06.2002. <l>opMaT 60x84 1/16. Ilarrip o4>ceTHHH. nqmirypa JlaTHHCbKa. JI:PYK o4>ceTHHH. YM. !J,PYK· apK. 2536- YM. 4>ap6oBi!1,6. 25,85. 06JI. BH)J,. apK. 25,5. 3aM. N!! 30. HaKJI. 500. Bi)J,)J,pYKOBaHo y !1,pYKapHi BH)J,aBHHu;ma ,Hosa 3opn", M. IBaHo-<l>paHKiBcbK, IIJI. A. Miu;KeBHqa, 5, TeJI. (03422) 254-49