Людовик XIV. Часть-2 by Watra

Fran<rois Bluche Louis XIV

FAYARD 1986

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ISBN 5-86218-263.2

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(I<ai< Mbl 3HaeM) I<OAAerHaAbHOH CTpYl<TYPbi: '!eM BAHsrreAbHee MHHHcrp, TeM 6oAhwe ero penyrauHSI cnoco6crsyeT CAase I<opoASI, I<opoAescrsa, uapcrsoBaHWI. To )Ke npoHcxo~HT H npH ~sope. EAaro~apSI )KeAaHHIO Aio~osHI<a XIV, noaaHM:crsosasweMY y Ba.Aya see Ayqwee, 'ITO 6bV\O s Hx TP~HUWIX, ~sop SIBASieTCSI orroAOCI<OM HAH oT6AeCI<OM, Heo6xo~HMhiM ~ASI MOHapxos. Ey~yqH no'ITH 6eaynpeqHo opraHH30BaHHhiM, ~sop caM no ce6e npe~crasASieT (no soAe csoero rAasbi) Hei<YIO CHCTeMY opeoAa, I<OTOpaSI CAY)KHT I<opoAIO H npecTH)KY CTPaHhl. KopoAesa s aToM HrpaeT He3aMeHHMYIO poAb. 8TOT anHTeT ynOTPe6AeH C nOAHOH cepbe3HOCTbiO: He 6y~eM 3a6biBaTh, 'ITO, os~oses, AIO~OBHI< XIV He ~acr <l>paHUHH ~PrrYIO I<opoAesy. IlpHHuecca MapHSI-Tepe3mr, I<OTOPYIO He~ooueHHBaAH, «6biAa B MOAO~OCTH xopowo CAO)KeHa... H ee MO)KHO 6biAO ~a)Ke Ha3BaTb I<pacHsoii, xoTSI npHSITHOH oHa He 6biAa... Mbi BH~HM, I<ai< ee nor AOmaeT CHAhHaSI crpaCTb I< I<OpOAIO H I<ai< OHa npe~aHa I<OpOAeBeMaTepH, csoeii csei<posH... 0Ha HCllbiTbiBaeT )KeCTOI<He MYI<H H3-3a 49 csoeii qpeaMepHoii pesHOCTH I< I<opoAI0» • Kor~a )Ke AHHa ABcrpHHCI<aSI YMepAa s 1666 ro~y. MapHSI-Tepe3HSI nOTepSIAa ~paro ueHHYIO no~~ep)KI<y, HO coxpaHHAa TO )Ke TepneHHe, ry )Ke He)KHOCTh, ry )Ke Ha6o)KHOCTh Ha HcnaHCI<HH MaHep. OT HcnaHHH eii B HaCAe~CTBO ~OCTaACSI BhirOBOp ( «OHa rOBOpHAa Hei<OTOphie CAOBa 87 no-HcnaHCI<H: noAOTeHue, CssrraSI ,ll;esa, Aowa~H ). 3acTeH'iHBaSI, npocro~ywHaSI, npo~OA)KaiOmaSI AI06HTh csoero My)Ka, I<OTophiH eii 6ecnpecraHHO H3MeHSIA, oHa cosceM He 6hiAa r Ayna: HY)KHO 6hiAO o6A~aTb 60Ahwoii ~o6po~eTeAhiO, xA~HOI<pOBHeM H YMOM, '!T06bi YAhi6aTbCSI, I<or~a XOTCAOCh nAai<aTh, I<or~a s Te'!eHHe ~s~uaTH ~Byx AeT eH npe~nO'iHTaAH I<pacaBHU, o6SI3biBaSI ee HaXO~HTbCSI C HHMH pSI~OM H yAhx6aTbcSI. M~aM EAHaaseTa-IllapAOTTa Ilcpa.AhUCI<aSI, )KeHa 6paTa I<OpOASI, C'iHTa.Aa ee CMeWHOH H Ha3hiBa.Aa «~o6poii I<opoAesoii». Aio~oBHI< XIV, I<OTOpbiH ~opo)KHA ee MHAbiM noBe~eHHeM, «Bcer~a HO'ihiO B03Bpama.ACSI I< HeM H AI06HA 96 npOSIBASITh no OTHOWeHHIO I< HeH MHOrO He)KHOCTH» • IlpanpaBHY'JI<e )Ke KapAa V, '!T06ht y~ep)KaTb csoero MY)Ka, He xsaTaAo Hei<oTopoii nHI<aHTHOCTH H YMeHHSI seCTH pa3rosop, Toro, 'iTO SIBASieTCSI ~onoAHHTeAhHhiM no~cnopbeM ~ASI AI06BH s ceMeHHOH )KH3HH. Ho OHa 6biAa xopoweii )KeHOH, Ha60)KHOH )KeHmHHOH H He06bl'laHHO ~eAHI<aTHOH; CBOeMy rocnO~HHy, My)Ky-I<OpOAIO- H OH 06 3TOM 3aSIBHA- oHa HHI<or~a He ~ocrasASIAa HHI<ai<oro ~pyroro oropqeHHSI, I<pOMe C06CTBeHHOH CMepTH (30 HIOASI 1683 ro~a).

420

f AABA XVIn

Alo~oBHK <l>pa.HUy3ci<Hif, HacAe~HHK, I<OToporo Ha3hma:IOT MoHceHI:.opoM, caMhrn nonyNipHI:.rn qAeH ceMI:.H, ero o6o)l(a:IOT Bee no~ ~a.HHI:.Ie I<opo.IVI, oco6eHHo napH)l(a.He. EAaro~apR eMY He Tai< y)l( qyBCTBOBaAOCh OTCYTCTBHe Alo~oBHKa XIV B croAHUe. MoHceHI:.op AI06HT cnei<Tai<AH H HaxO~HT B ITapH)l(e To, qero HeT B Bepcue. EcAH OH 3a6oAeBaeT, p~:.IHoqHJ:.Ie ToproBI<H, BCTpeBO)l(eHHI:.Ie, 6eryT ero HaBeCTHTb. Kor~a OH Haxo~HTCR B apMHH, I<ai< 3'1'0 61:.1.1\0 B 1688 ro~y, MO)l(HO YB~eTI:., c I<ai<HM BHHMa.HHeM H 3a60ToH: I< HeMY 3~ec1:. OTHocRTcR; MA~WHe oqmuep~:.I H coMaTI:.I I<NIHYTC.st AHlllb ero HMeHeM. OH o6A~aeT BCeMH I<aqeCTBaMH cBoero oma. OH Tai< )l(e MaAO ~a eT H Tai<OH )l(e )'MHhiH. Kai< H Alo~oBHI< XIV, OH AI06HT Haxo~HTI:.CR TOAhi<O B o6meCTBe )'MHhiX AIO~eH:. Kai< H y I<opo.IVI, y Hero CHAhHa.st He3aBHCHMa.st Ha-rypa, OH C06HpaeT I<apTHHI:.I, Me~aAH, MOHeTbl H a.HTHKBapHaT. Ko)\.1\ei<UHH oma H CI:.IHa MOryT conep~an. OTeu Bee BpeMR 3a.HHMaeTcR TeM, ~o61:.1 c~eAan BepcaAb I<pacHBhiM, JI<pacHTh MapAH, ChiH ~eAaeT no~ TO )l(e caMoe B Me~OHCI<OM ~Bopue, I<OTop~:.rn oH YHaCAe~oBaA OT A ysya. Alo~oBHK XIV H MoHceHI:.op AI06RT 3acro.l\he, BOHHy, BepxoByro e3~y, ncoByro oxOTy. Ho I<opoAh BhiH}"K~eH CAe~HTb 3a I<~hiM CBOHM )l(eCTOM, TOr~a I<ai< HaCAe~HHI<, I<a)l(eTCR, npo)l(HraeT )l(H3Hh I<ai< 6y~To H3-3a Toro, ~o He uapCTByeT, H36biTOI< ero HeTepneHHR H 9HeprHH, nAoxo c~ep)l(HBaeMI:.Ie, nepeAHBa.IOTCR qepe3 I<paH:. OH He qpeBoyro~HHI< (o6)l(opa, I<OTop~:.rn o6o)l(eCTB.IVIeT CBOH )l(eAy~oi<) , HO Be.I\HKHH BhmHBOXa H 60AbWOH AI06H42 Te.l\h noeCTI:. • Ero qpe3MepHbrn anneTHT cnoco6CTByeT, BnpoqeM, anonAei<CHH, I<OTOpa.st 6ecnoi<OHT Becb Me~HUHHCI<HH ai<YAhTeT. Ero <PH3~eci<He B03MO)l(HOCTH I<a)l(YTCR HeHcqepnaeMbiMH. OH oxoTHTCR HOqi:,IO, oco6eHHO Ha BOAI<OB, H no~ I<~hrn ~eHI:.. OH OT~aeTca B Hrpe c wapaMH, OH nepBI:.rn Ha ci<aqi<ax c I<OAhUaMH, Ha BepcaAbCI<HX CI<aqi<ax 1682 ro~a, OH BCe BpeMR HUleT~ ce6R pHCI<OBa.HHbiX CHTJauHH. OH He H3 npHHUeB-qmrypaHTOB Ha BOHHe. OH see speMR BnepMH ~pymx - H B 1688, H B 1689 ro~ax. KopoAh ~a)l(e BhiHY)l(~eH 3anpeTHTI:. eMY 9TH repo~eCI<He H3.1\HWeCTBa. 1-fuTepecHo, ~ MoHceHhop ~OBO~HT ~0 llOAHOrO COBn~eHIDI BI<YChi H ~eHCTBHR, I<OTOpbie ero c6AH)l(a:IOT c omoM-MOHapxoM. Kai< H Alo~oBHI< XIV, HaCAe~HHK )l(eHHACR Ha ~OBOAhHO 6ecUBeTHOH, 6e3AHKOH H Ha60)l(HOH npHHUecce (MapHH-.Amie-KpHCTHHe-BHKTOpHH, ~oqepH Easapci<oro ~<yp<Propcra, I<OTOpa.st YMepAa B 1690 ro~y). Kai< H ero OTeu, OH 6y~eT onHpancR, CAOBHO Ha nepHAa, Ha CBOH Mopra.Ha~eCI<HH, TaHHO 3ai<J\lOqeHHI:.rn 6pai<. M~eMYa3e.l\h ~e lliyaH, I<OTopoH: Alo~oBHK <l>pa.Huy3ci<Hif 6y~eT BI:.II<a3I:.man B Me~oHe Te )l(e noqeCTH, I<ai<He I<opoAh npe~Ha3HaqaeT ~.lVI cBoeH: Mapi<H3hi ~e MeHTeHOH, o6A~aeT, I<ai< H nocAe~ HIDI, onpe~eAeHHoH ~<yAh-rypoH:, YMeeT 3a.HRTb npHRTHhiM pa3roBopoM, 3HaeT MHoro peuemoB ~.lVI AI06oBHI:.Ix YAOBOI<. l136pa.HHoe o6meCTBO, I<OTopoe MoHceHI:.op H ero BTOpa.st cynpyra npHHHMaiOT B Me~oHe, }18./UieTca o~HHM H3 HaH6oAee H3I:.ICI<a.HHI:.IX B I<opoAeBCTBe. He CAyqaifHo, ~0 crapbrn I<OpOAh AI06HT C HHMH 61:.man H, npH CAyqae, nposo~HTI:. 3~ec1:. ~ID1 ~Ba no~p~. K TOMY )l(e Me~oH H BepcaAb cos-

,l(BOP OEOCHOBbffiAETCR: B BEPCAAE

421

ceM p.a:.ztoM. H aCAetUIHK, npom1AmOl:IlHi1 TOHKOCTb qyBCTB H BbiKa.3hi BaromiDi CbUIOBbe BHHMa.HHe, OTAH'IHO CO'IeTaeT CBOH .l(OAr HaCAe,l(HHKa H 3amrrepecOBaHHOCTb B AH'IHOH He3aBHCHMOCTH. Y Hero HeT HHqero OT 'IeAOBeKa 03A06AeHHoro, MHSa.HTpODa HAH OT 'IeAOBeKa, cnoco6Horo Ha 3aroBop. C 1688 ro.l(a oH 3ace,l(aeT B KopoAeBCKOM coBeTe MHHHCTpOB. Kor.l(a Hacrymrr :~KeCTOKCUI soiiua 3a HcnaucKoe HaCAe.l(CTBO, MoHCeHhop 6y.l(eT BOnAOUI.aTb co6oii, qacro B e.l(HHCTBeHHOM 'IHCAe, napTHIO BepHOCTII <l>HMmny V, CBoeM)' BTOpOM)' Cbmy. .l);OCTOHHO CO:lKaAeHIDI, 'ITO 9TOT HaCAe.l(HHK- TaKOH O.l(apeHHhiH, TaKOH AI06HMbiH - 6e3BpeMeHHO ymeA H3 :lKHSHH H He CMOr B 1715 ro.l(y BCT)'IDITb Ha npecroA csoero OTUa. OH 6hiA 6hi A)"'WHM H3 KopoAeii. IlpHHI.U>I TPeThero noKoAeHIDI He 6hiAH, HeCMOTPH Ha CHAhHhie AH'IHOCTH HX ,l(e,l(a H OTUa, npOCTbiMH cpmypaHTaMH. fepnor EypryH.l(CKHH (1682- 1712), BTopo:H tJ;ocpHH, Hero 6paT, repnor .AmKyiicKH:H ( 1683 - 1746), 6y.l(ymiDi KopoAb HcnaHHH, coe.l(HHHAH B ce6e peAHI'H03HOCTb HX MaTepH H pei.UHTeAbHhiH xapaKTep Eyp6oHoB. <l>eHeAouy, BOcnHTaTeAIO, npHWAOCb O'IeHb TPY.l(HO c nepBbiM. BTopo:H 6y,l(eT .l(AH <l>paHUHH, a TaK:lKe .l(AH CBOHX DO,l(,l(aHHbiX B IfcnaHHH :lKHBbiM npHMepoM cpHSH'IecKOrO MY:~KeCTBa H ynopHOH BOAH. IlO.l(.l(ep:lKHBaeMbiH cBoeii MOAO.l(OH :~KeHoii (MapHeii-AYHsoii-fa6pHaAb CaBOHcKoii, YMeprneii B 1714 ro.l(y), .l(yxOBHHKOM-HeSYHTOM (OTUOM tJ;o6eHTOHOM) H BeAHKOAenHOH AI06osHHUeH (npHHneccoii .l);esropceH), repnor Au:~KyiicKHii - KaK eCAH 6hi B HeM npomJHAHCh qepThi, csoiiCTBeHHbie ero npe,l(KaM, - npo,l(eMOHcrpHpyeT BO BpeMH BCeH BOHHbl Sa HaCAe,l(CTBO He06bNuyJO BOAIO H HCHOCTb YMa. .l);a:~Ke no6e)K.l(eHHbiH, OH COXpaHHT Ha.l(e)K.l(y. If3rHaHHbiH H3 Ma.l(pH.l(a, OH CKOpO T)'.l(a BOsBpaTHTcH. Kor,l(a eM)' 6y.l(eT yrpo:~KaTb nOAHCUI noTepH HcnaHHH, OH 6y,l(eT roTOBHThCH K npo.l(OA:lKeHHIO 6opb6hi sa Hee B AMepHKe. Kor.l(a 6y.l(eT paahrrpbiBaThCH B 1709 H 1710 ro.l(ax cy.l(h6a HcnauHH H cy.l(b6a EBpollbi, oH noKa:~KeTcH, eCAH TOAhKO 9To B03MO:lKHo, eme BeAH'IeCTBeHHee, 'IeM ero npe.l(OK. Cpe.l(H 9THX KOpHeAeBcKHx .l(06po.l(eTeAeii HAHnn OpAeaucKIDi (1640- 1701), 6paT KopoAH, HaahmaeMbrn Meche, HaM Ka:~KeTCH 6oAee noxo:~KHM Ha TeaTPaAbHbiX repoeB PacHHa. Ho .l(a:~Ke eCAH AH'IHOCTb M.l(OBHKa XIV H no.l(aBAHeT ero HAH, no Kpaiiueii Mepe, saTMeBaeT, ero HeAbSH CAHillKOM He.l(OOUeHHBaTb. EcAlf 6bi OH pO.l(HACH CTO AeT Ha.3a.l(, OH, BepOHTHO, BbiShffiaA 6hi BOCXHUI.eHHe: TaK OH DOXO:lK Ha HeKOTophiX Buya (ero BTOpCUI :~KeHa rosopHT, snpo'IeM, 'ITO oH «DOXO:lK Ha feHpHxa BO Bcex OTHOrnemuiX»87 ). Ha aroro KOpoAH Meche noxo:~K oTKphiTOCTbiO, KYAhTYPOH, qyTKOCTbiO, YTOH'IeHHOCTbiO, cpHsH'IecKHM MY:~KeCTBoM, 'IYTh noKa.3HOH Ha6o:lKHoCTbiO. KaK H feHpHX Ill, repnor OpAeaucKH:H 6hiA noMernau Ha paurax H 9THKeTe. «OH npeBso:H.l(eT,- Ha.IIHrneT B 1693 ro.l(y npHHUecca .l);esropceH,AI06oro nepeMoHHiiMeiicrepa B ToM, 'ITO Ha.3bmaeTCH cpopMaAbHhiMH npaBHAaMH»30• OnrraiOT, 'ITO Meche DOSaHMCTBOBaA y feHpHXa m T)' :IKe .l(BOHCTBeHHOCTb, T)' :IKe HepernHTeAbHOCTb: OH He MO:lKeT C,l(eAaTb

422

fAABAXVIII

csoii Al060BHhiH Bhi6op Me)f(~y wesaAbe AOTapHHrCKHM, ero HHTHMHhiM ~pyroM, H CBOHMH cynpyraMH; 91'0T ~aAeKO He CB.flTOH ~eAOBeK HrpaeT B CBHTOCTb: KOAAeKUHOHHpytrr ~eTKH H He nponycKaeT HH e~HHOH nponose~H B naCXaAbHhiH H po~eCTBCHCKHH llOCTbl. TpeThero anpeAH 1678 ro~a, B ~eHh Bep6Horo socKpeceHIDl, B uepKBH CeH-CIOAbnHc Eyp~aAY Ha~aA nponose.l(h co BCT)'IIAeHHsr, npe~Ha3Ha~eHHOrO CllCUHaAbHO ~AS!: npHHUa, BCllOMHHB, 'ITO OH «B TaKOH )f(e AHTYPrHHHhm .l(eHh, s socKpeceHhe 11 anpeASJ: 1677 ro~a, o~ep)f(aA no6e~y B 6HTse npH MoH-KacceAe (Bawe Bublco~eCTBo, unpHcoe~HHHswee ro~ H~ naAbMOBhxe BeTBH OOAhlllOH H CAaBHOH no6e~hi K naAbMC XpHcrosoii, noKphiAH ce6sr HeysMaeMOH CAaBOH195). A ro~ Ha3a,a HeMaAO xsaAe6HbiX CAOB H yro~AHBOH AeCTH Hanepe6oii npe.l(no~HecAa eMY nHcaTeAhCKM 6paTHsr. B «MepKIOp» {Maii 1677 ro~a) a66aT TaAbMaH-craplllHii TaK aaKoH~HA csoii coHeT: TOT, KTO BHAeA Bac 6oAe~> ropAbiM, "leM 6or cpa:>KeHHH, KOrt~a Bbi noBepraAH BparoB 6ea yrpbtaemrii, HHKor.aa He BHAeA 6oAee MHAOCTHBoro no6et~HTeNI aa CAe.a}'lOuuoi .aeHb.

B .aeHb,

CaMhie AOBKHe nocrapaAHch npHcoe~HHHTb AIO~oBHKa XIV K ycnexaM ero 6paTa. «11 nyCTb Te6e [AIO~osHKY XIV] soa~acrcsr XBaAa aa see To, . 'ITO OH [Meche] c~eAaA», - TaK npe~no~eA BhiCKaaaThcsr 19 EeHcep~ ~. 5I.l( 6hiA BAHT. Mhx npoHa6AIO~aAH, KaK 6blcrpo y~aAOCh AlO.l(OBHKY XIV aacrasHTb aa6hiTb KacceAh356 • OH Hascer~a coxpaHHT npH3HaTeAbHOCTb CBOCMJ MA~llleMJ 6pary, HO He 6e3 ~OAH peBHOCTH K ero ~acrn10 s Hrpax 6ornHH EeAAOHhi. BMecro Toro 'IT06hi craTb AAeKc~poM HAH U:eaapeM, Meche AOBOAhCTBOBaACSJ: TeM, 'ITO paa.l(eAHA c repuoroM AIOKceM6yprcKHM CAasy no6e~ s foAAaH~CKOH soiiHe. Meche, KaK H ero OAeMSJ:HHHK MoHceHhop, Al06HT IlapH)f(. OH Tat< )f(e, KaK H MoHceHhop, noAyoq:mUHaAbHO aaMeHsreT KopoASJ:. Ero ropo~cKOH pea~eHuHeii SJ:BASJ:eTcsr IlaAe-PoSIAh, ero aaropo~HhiM ~o MOM- CeH-KAy. Ero He TaK Al06HT, KaK ~oqmHa, H, no sceii sH.l(HMOCTH, 60Ahllle «3Ha10T», ~eM «'ITHT», HO TeM He MeHee OH ll0Ab3YeTCSJ: penyTauHeii 6Aaro~eTeASJ: 195 • IlpHHuecca IlcpaAbUCKasr, ero BTopasr cynpyra, see speMSJ: )f(aAye-rcsr Ha Hero, rnesaeTcsr, KpH~HT, Ho npo· ruaeT HAH H3BHHSJ:eT. HeAerKo )f(HTb c HasparueHueM. BHa~aAe 9TO «A~lllHH ~eAoBeK s MHpe» (1672), HO co speMeHeM ero o6paa ~erpa ~HpyeT. Ho ~o KOHUa AHaeAoTTa 6y~eT rosopHTh, 'ITO ero H~O 6oAhwe )f(aAeTb, ~eM HeHaB~eTb87 • 06e HeBeCTKH KOpOAH, TaKHe pa3Hhie, HMeiOT O~HY o6ruyxo 'lepry: o6e o6A~aiOT ~J H36hiTKe AH~HOCTHbiMH Ka~eCTBaMH, ~ero He~oCTaeT Meche. Ilepsasr M~aM ()'MepAa s 1670 ro~y)- feHpHerra AHrAHiiCKM, ~so10po~Hasr cecrpa csoero MY)f(a, s~Ka feHpHxa IV (oco6eHHo npOCAaBHBlllaSJ:CSJ: npOH3HeCeHHbiMH 0 HeH CAOBaMH: «M~aM )'MH14 paeT! M~aM y-MepAa!» ), oHa npeAeCTHa, H Aro~osHK XIV s 1661 ro~y ~ 6biAO He BOBAeK ee s raAaHTHYJO asaHTIOpy. Ee TOHKHH YM 6y~e-r Bhi3hmaTb nocroSJ:HHoe socxHrueHHe M~aM ~e Aacpaiierr, a

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428

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OEPA3bl BEPCANI

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Kopa6AR H ~osecrn ero crpmrreAbcrBO ~o KOHua. l1a AMcrep~aMa 6biJ\a npHBe3eHa - CipOHTeAbcrBO fOAA~CKOH MO~eAH Kopa6AR o6H3bmaer - no~xo~.ruuM ~pesecHHa. ~ pa6oTbi H~ Hen 6hiJ\H npHBAe'JeHbi ~B~UaTb ~sa nAOTHHKa H3 HopMaH~HH H H3 I1posauca. «fpaH BeCCO», HeCM01pH Ha CBOe CAaBHOe Ha3BaHHe,- He «PyMAh AYH» H He «CoAeii PyMAh», a scero AHII.Ib MaAeHbKHH cpperaT, Ha KOTOpoM ycrauosAeHo 13 nymeK H3 6poH3bi, cnellHaAbHO OTAHTbiX B MacrepcKoii ceMeiicrna KeAAep. C Tex nop KaK so cpAOTe KOpoAeBcrna cymecrnyer ~Be 3CK~pbi: raAepbi Ha BOCTOKe H 6oAbii.IHe Kopa6AH Ha aan~e - Aio~oBHK XIV C 1686 fO~a Ha CBOeM KaHaAe Bbi6HpaeT nonepeMeHHO ~MI nAaBaHHH TO raAepy «PeaAb» (ua uee OH no~HHMaeTCH, aanpHMep, 25 msapH 1686 fO~a), TO CBOH KOpa6Ab «fpau BeCCO» (14 HIOID1 OH llAaBaeT Ha <~TOM cpperaTe). l1 TaK npo~OA)KaeTCH ~o roro ~ID1, Kor~a spaq <t>arou, onacaBII.IHHCH pesMaTH3Ma Ero BeAH'Jecrna H3-3a 6oAbii.IOH BAa)KHOCrH Ha KaHaAe, 3anpeTHT 3TH HeBHHHbie nAaBaHHH. Ceifqac TPY~Ho ce6e npe~cTaBHTb TO O)KHBAeHHe H ~a)l(e necTpoTY KpacoK, KOTOPM uapHAa npe)K~e Ha <~TOM KaHaAe c MHoro'IHCAeHHbiMH npH'IaAaMH. BeHellHaHCKHe roH~OAbepbi npe~CTaiOT B O~e~ax H3 TacpTbi, ~aMaCCKHX TKaHeH HAH KpaCHOBaTOH nap'IH, C 30.1\0TbiMH HAH cepe6pHHblMH Haii.IHBKaMH, B II.IeAKOBbiX KpaCHbiX '~YAKax. Ho H Ma1pOCbi o~eTbi no'ITH c TaKoii )l(e <~AeraHTHOCTbiO, Hx py6aii.IKH CWHTbi sepcaAbCKHMH 6eAowseiiKaMH. Bee OHH )I(HBYT B03Ae 6oAhworo KaHaAa B ~epeBHe I1eTHT-BeHH3, TO eCTb MaAeHbKM BeHeUHH, noc1poeHHOH cneuHaAbHO ~AR HHx. I1ocTOHHHbiH nepCOHaA HaC'JHTbiBaeT (a~eCb He Y'JHTbffiaiOTCH HH CeMbH, HH COMaTbi faAHOTOB, KOTOpbte Ka)K~biH fO~ npH6aB.I\jilOTCH B Ka'JeCTBe speMeHH.biX rpe6uos) OKOAO nHTH~ecHTH qeAoseK. B 1687 ro~y cynepHHTeH~a.HTcrno CipOHTe.l\bcrBa KOpOAR (paCXO~bl HeCeT He MOpCKOH cpAOT, a HHTe~a.HTCTso) onAa'IHBaeT TPY~ KanHTaHa, 6ouMaHa, faAepHOfO CMOTpHTeAR H ero llOMOIUHHKa, 'JeTbipex llAOTHHKOB, ~Byx KOHOnaT'JHKOB, KanTeHapMyca, ~B~I.:(aTH WeCTH MaTpOCOB H 45 'IeTbipH~uaTH ro~oAbepos • /1,0 KOHI.:(a uapcrBOBaHHH, HeCM01pH Ha peBMaTH'JeCKHe 60AH KopOAR, 3Ta cpAOTHAHH 6y~eT npo~OA)I(aTb 6op03~IITb 60Abii.IOH KaHaA, no KOTOPOMY scer~a MO)KHO cosepwaTb BO~Hhie nporyAKH HAH cAymaTh y ero 6eperos KOHuepTbi. I1epcoHaA cpAoTHAHH no'ITH He 6y~eT coKpameH. EcAH <~TO cpAoTcKoe no~paa~eAeHHe B MHHHaTIOpe MbiCAHAOCb KaK HeKHH CHMBOA, H~O 6biJ\O 3TOT CHMBOA llO~~ep)I(HBaTb. TaK )l(e 6y~er no~~ep)I(HBaTbcH Haw HaCTO.IIII.:(HH cpAoT: cpAOT TypBHAR H IllaropeHo, I1pHTHca H ,l(K>Kacca, Kaccapa H /l,rore-Tpy:~Ha OT EapcpAepa (1692) ~o BeAec-MaAarn (1704), OT BeAec-MaAam ~o PereHTcrna. EpeMH Bepca.AR yseAH'IRBaeTcH nponopllHOHaAbHO pocry ero MOII.:(H. C TeX nop KaK 6biJ\ llO~HHT H~ cpAOTOM cpAar BeAH'JHH H CAaBbi, KOpOAb H ero C.l\ ym 3a60THTCH llOCTOHHHO 0 TOM, 'JT06bi OH paaseBaACH. Bo cpAOTe MY)KecrneHHbie KanHTaHbi OT~aiOT npHKa3 npH6HTb f803~HMH K Ma'ITe cpAar KOpa6AR.

436

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KPACOThi 3AMKA Mo)KHO no)Ka.AeTb, 'ITO Aio~osHK XIV He cocraaHA Tru<oii )Ke ~ cnpaao'IHHK ~NI BHYTPeHHHX noKoes csoero ~opua, KaKOH HM 6hiA COCTaBAeH ~NI OCMOTpa ero C~OB. Asopeu, BnpO'ieM, TaKOH 6oAhliiOH, 'ITO HaM npH~eTCH OrpaHH'iHTbCH OCMOTpOM 60AbliiHX anapTaMeiiTOB. OcpopMAeHHe u pacnoAo)KeHHe KOMHaT Tru< qacro MeHAAOCh, 'ITO HaM H~o Bhx6paTh ~ary HAH, no KpaiiHeii Mepe, nepuo~, noAo)KHBmuii Ha'ia.AO H3MeHeHHHM B 1701 ro~y. IIpe~e scero H~o no~IDIThCH no 6oAhmoii AecrHHUe, HAH AecrHHUe nOCAOB. Ee crpOHTeAbcrBO 6biAO 3aKOH'ieHO BO speMH 3a.KAIO'ieHrul lfuMsereHCKOfO MHpa (1678), H OHa KaK 6bi nom-sep~aeT 29 1 <<rpnyMcp KOpONI H ero Macrepos-xy~o)KHHKOB» . Aeso c~eAa.A ee 3CKH3, a xy~O)KHHK ,LJ;op6e PYKOBO~HA ocHOBHoii 'iacrbiO pa60T. Ae6peH, BaH .aep MeAeH, )Kru< fa6pH3Ah, A.moe, Mapcu, )Kupap~oH, AeOHrp, ,LJ;e)Kap~eH, T106u, Kacpcpbepu, KyaaesoKc, ~ecHTOK ~pymx 3HaMeHHTbiX xy~O)KHHKOB BAO)KHAH H3pH.llHYJO ~OJ\10 CBOero TaAaHTa B 3TO npouase~eHHe. IIo~IDIBUIHCb no AecrHHUe, roCTh BepcaAH MO)KeT csepHYTh Ha BOCTOK. Ero s3opy npe~craHeT MpaMOpHan KOMHaTa, HAH caAOH BeHepbl. 3~eCb see MpaMOpHoe: KOAOHHbl H OT~eAKa, aa HCKAIO'ieHHeM 6pOH30BbiX KanHTeAeii. EoAhume anapTaMeHTbi KopoNI ~OCTOHHhi csoero seJ\H'ieCTBeHHoro Haasa.HIDI, oHH oqeHb y~o6Hhi ~ npHeMOB, H BCKOpe Mbl ysH.AHM, KaK 9TH npHeMhi YCTpaHBaiOTCH. ,l(a.Aee CAe~yeT Ca.AOH «lf306HAHe», KOTOpbrn COCe~CTBYeT C «Ka6HHeTOM Me~a.AeH» Ero BeAH'IeCTBa H oKHa KOTOporo CMOTpHT Ha ropo~. BbiXO~ c 6oAbmoii AeCTHHUbi s ~pyryxo cropoHY se~eT s ca.AOH ,li;HaHbi (6HAb»p~Ha.sr). B 3TOM 3a.Ae, H3Ha'iaAbHO BbJAO)KeHHOM MpaMopoM, KaK H coce~HHH 3aA, MO)KHO BOCXHIUaThCH 6IOCTOM Alo~OBH Ka XIV, BbiDOAHeHHbiM KaBaAepoM EepHHHH, a Tru<)Ke MpaMopHbiMH H 6poH30BhiMH YKPameHHHMH, KOTOpbie conepHH'iaiOT no KpacoTe c YKPameHHHMH ca.AoHa BeHepbi. ITo MHcpoAornu, aa ,li;HaHOH H.AeT Mapc, HO ca.AoH Mapca s o6meM H3BecreH Kru< 6aAbHhrn ca.AOH. IIpe~Ha3Ha'ieHHe K~oii KOMHaThi s 60AhliiHX anapTaMeiiTax s ~HH npHeMOB, KOTOpbie ycrpausaeT KOpOAb, BAe'ieT 3a C060H H3MeHeHHe OcpHUHaAbHbiX Ha3BaHHH 3aAOB, B pe3yAhTaTe y HHX nOHBNIIOTCH MHAhie «HMeHa.>>. 3a caAOHOM Mapca pacnoAO)KeH caAOH MepKypHH, CnaAbHH, 3aTeM CaAOH AnOAAOHa, HAH TpOHHbiH 3aA. 0KHa 3TOH BeJ\H'ieCTBeHHOH aHcpHA~bi, KOTopyw KOpOAb Tenepb c'IHTaeT CAHliiKOM 60AbliiOH, CJ\HliiKOM XOAO~HOH, CJ\HliiKOM MHOroAIO~HOH, 'IT06bi 3~eCb )KHTb, BbiXO.l{HT B C~bl napKa. C ~pyron CTOpOHbl UeHTpaAbHOH qaCTH 3aMKa - cHMMeTpH'IHbie anapTaMeHTbi (3aA oxpaHbr, nepe~HHH fOCTHHaH, 60AbliiOH Ka6HHeT H CnaAbHH), KOTOpbie npHH~Ae)KaT Tenepb repuornHe Eyp~cKoii, YHaCAe~osasweii ux OT KopoAeBbi H cynpyrn MoHCeHbopa. 06e aHcpHA~bi COMHHeHbi C 3aiT~HOH cropoHbi aHCaM6AeM, B KOTOpOM HaxO~HTCH faAepeH 3epKaA H ~Sa yrAoBbiX caAoHa (ca.AOH Mupa co CTOpoHbi npnHuecc H CaAOH BonHbi co cropOHbi KOpONI).

OEPA3hl BEPCANI

437

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438

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«fihi'IHH r Aa3», C03tJ:aHHbiH B 1701 ro.a;y nyreM coe.a;HHeHIDI n pe)f(HeH rocnmoii H npe)f(neii cnaA.hHH Aro.a;oBHKa XIV. 9-ra 3HaMeHHTCUI KOMHaTa, HaA KOTOpOH BCe eme Tpy,nHTC.SI, Shl 3bffiaeT SOCXHII(eHHe aTrnKOM, «H3rn6aromHiic.s~ KapHH3 KOToporo 6biA YKPaweH no npHKa3Y KOpOA.SI P.H30M C rHllCOShiM 6apeAbe¢oM, npe.a;CTaBMIIOII(HM 291 ,neTcKHe HrPhi» • KaK s 3sepHHue H s T pHaHoHe, Aro,noBHK XIV, MaHcap H Po6ep .a;e KOTT no,nrOTaBAHBaiOT 3,nech TOT XVIII seK, KoTOphm CAaSHTC.SI CSOeH 9Aera.HTHOCThlO H .SipKOCThlO KpaCOK, HrpOH .a;eTCKOr O soo6paJKeHWI, C03B)"-IHOH npHp o.a;e CaAOS. Illseiiuap CAerKa cKpe6eT naA.hUaMH .a;sepb (a.a;ecb HHKOr.a;a He CT)"-laT), H sac sso.a;HT s cnaA.hHIO Ero BeAH'-IeCTBa. AAhKos KOpOA.SI con pHKaCaeTC.SI C faAepeeH 3epKaA. Alo.a;OSHK H3 9KOHOMHH COXpaHHA .a;oAIO npe)f(Hero y6paHCTBa. OH npocwr Po6epa .a;e Korra H cKyAhnTopos AHillh ocse)f(HTh H c.a;eAaTh 6oAee cseTAhiM noMemeHHe, «CO'-IeTCUI rapMOHH'-IHO 6eAOe C 30AOTOM, Ha KOTOp OM npeo6AaAaAH 6bi aMyphi, TPeAh.SI)f(H H UBeThi». OH CAe.a;wr 3a .a;eTaAHMH- 3a .a;sepHhiMH 3aMKaMH H OKOHHbiMH 3aASH)f(KaMH, 3a 6aAIOCTpaAOH .a;A.SI csoero AO)f(a, npHKaabmaH, HanpHMep, 28 ¢espaAH 1702 ro.a;a «c.a;eAaTh poAHKH, '-IT06hi npHKpenHTh 3aHaBeCKH K aTTHKy HaA TPeMH OKHaMH ero CllaA.hHH... H npocsepAHTh apO'-IHhle nepeMbi'IKH OKOH, '-IT06bi npOT.SIHYTb TaM sepeSKH, '-ITO ll03SOA.SIAO 6bi cnycKaTb 3aHaBe243 CKH, no.a;HHMaTh HX CHH3Y ssepx, H see xoporno npHcnoco6HTb» • CTapbm MOHapx He YTPaTHA csoeii o.a;ep)f(HMOCTH «SHHKaTh s .a;eTa42 AH», .a;aJKe Hao6opoT. EcAH «KOpOAH CTPOHT Ha seKa» , OHH He .a;oA)f(Hhi npeHe6peraTb MeAo'-laMH. Aro.a;osHK XIV TaK scer.a;a .a;YMaA· C MOMeHTa SCTaBaHH.SI KOpOA.SI .a;o TOrO MOMeHTa, KOr.a;a OH A0)f(H1'C.SI cnaTh, KopoAescKM cnaA.hH.SI .s~sA.SieTC.SI cep.a;ueM H .nyrnoii .a;sopa, OTKpbiTCUI .a;A.SI 60AhUIOrO '-IHCAa AIO.a;eH H CAHUIKOM .a;OcrynHa.SI. Ilo.a; npe.a;AOroM )f(eAaHH.SI 3aCSH.a;eTeAhCTBOSaTb CBOe llO'-ITeHHe X03.SIHHY BepcaAH npH.a;sopHbie HaBO.a;H.SIIOT 9TY KOMHary H npespamaiOT ee s ny6AH'-IHOe MeCTO. IlpHlliAOCh npe.a;oxpaHHTb AO)f(e KOpOA.SI 6a.AIOCTPa.a;OH H llOCTaBHTh oxpaHY. rsap.a;eHUhl, KaK H KOMHaTHbie .a;sop.s~ He, UHPKYAHPYJOT HAH CH.a;HT nepe.a; 9TOH orpaAoH, 3a KOTopoii H Haxo.a;wrc.s~ TO e.a;HHCTBeHHOe MeCTO, KOTOpoe npHHaAAe)f(HT AH'-IHO KopoAIO. Ho s rAa3ax YMHOro H npoHHUaTeAhHOro qeAoseKa no.a;o6Hoe o6yCTPOHCTBO CllaA.hHH KOpOA.SI - 9TO OAHUeTBOpeHHe ¢paHUy3CKOH MOHapXHH, KOTOpa.SI HH qpe3MepHO SeAH'-IaBa, HH CAHUIKOM npoCTO.a;yrnHa, HO O.a;HospeMeHHO '-leAOSe'-I:Ha H pecneKTa6eAhHa. ~ TOrO, KTO pa36HpaeTC.SI S .a;eTaA.SIX CHMBOAOS, 6~axHH S 9TOH 3HaMeHHTOH CllaA.hHe KaK 6bi 03Ha'-laeT, '-ITO <l>paHUIDI oxpaHHeT llOKOH csoero rneCTh.a;ecHT '-leTBepToro KopoA.SI. Tenepb H3 cnaA.hHH KopoAH eCTh SbiXo.a; npHMo s Ka6HHeT coseTa. 3.a;ech npoxo.a;HT npaBHTeAhCTBeHHbie COSeThij HO 9Ta 60AbUICUI KOMHaTa, s KoTopoii sHcHT 3epKaAa H KOTOPYJO YKParnaiOT .a;paroueHHhie KaMHH, TP" nOAOTHa IlycceHa H CKYAhflTYPhi Ka¢¢bepH, CAY)f(HT TaK)f(e Ero BeAH'-IeCTBy .a;AH ay.a;HeHUHH. 3.a;ecb scex npHso.a;HT s socxHmeHHe aAe6aCTPOSbiH 6eAOCHe)f(HblH CTOA H KpaCHShiH KAaSeCHH C

OEPA3bl BEPCANI 291

439

xy_zto:>KeCTBeHHoii p oenHebi0 • ,l(NI scrpeq MeHee ocpHUHa.AbHbiX KOpOAb npe_ztnO'!HTaeT eoee_ztHIOIO KOMHa-ry, Ka6HHeT napHKOB. KopoAb see 6o.hbiiie H 6o.hbiiie THrOTeeT K o6meHHIO B Y3KOM Kpyry. BHe 3aMKa no soAe MOHapxa TpHaHOH H MapAH H36paHbi ttNl TaKoro o6meHIDI. OH npoeHT TaK:>Ke o6op yttoBaTb H tteKopHposaTb B 3aMKe ttNl 9THX ueAeii BHYTPeHHHe anaPTaMeHTbi. Pa6oTbi 3,lteeb 6biAH Ha'!aTbi B 1684 rotty, a 3aKOH'IHAMeb B 1701 ro.zty. BMecro npe:>KHHX anapTaMeHToB MapKH3bi tte MoHTeenaH KopoAb BAatteeT OTHbiHe onepe:>KaJI AlottOBHKa XV KOMHaTaMH, rtte OH MO:>KeT 'I)'BCTBOBaTb MeHee eKOBaHHbiM ,ltBOpUOBbiM uepeMOHHa.I\OM. C 3ana_zta Ha BOCTOK HttYT KOMHaTbi e OKHaMH, BbiXO,ltJ1IUHMH Ha MpaMOpHbm _ztsop H KopoAeBeKHii ttBop: Ka6HHeT eo6aK, CaAoH e MaAeHbKOH AeCTHHueii, Ka6HHeT paKoBHH, Ka6HHeT KapTHH H, HaKOHeu, MaAeHbKaJI faAepeH, e .ztByx CTOpOH KOTOpOH HaxO_ztJITeJI .ztBa ea.I\OHaj OHa HBNleTCH IIIettespoM P"aporo MHHhHpa, no ero 3ano3tta.Abm pesaHIII Hatt IIIapAeM Ae6peHOM. EoAbiiiaJI raAepeH, HAM raAepeH Ae6peHa, OT,ztaHa TOAnaM npH.ztsopHbiX. MaAeHbKaJI raAepeH, HAM raAepeH MHHbHpa, npettHa3Ha'!aeTeH ttNl KopoNl HAM ero eeMbH «H ttNl HeMHOrHX BbieOKOllOCTaBAeHHbiX noeeTHTeAeH», TaKHX KaK npHHU ,lJ;aTeKHH (1693), KeAbHeKHH KypcpiOpcr (1706). TYT HeH3MeHHbm tteKop. Ha noroAKe poeUHeb: pe6eHOK npettcrasNleT co6oii repuora EypryH.zteKoro H O,ztHOBpeMeHHO eHMBOAH3HpyeT <l>paHUHIO. C HHM pMOM MHHepsa H AnoAAOH. Pe6eHOK oKpy:>KeH 6oraMH, aAAer opHHMH ,ll;o6potteTeAH, BpeMeHH H Aio6sH. H He CAyqaHHO 3_zteeb npettCTaBAeHbi see aTPH6fTbi HeKyeCTB. MaAeHbKaJI raAepeH 6biAa 3attYMaHa H eo3ttaHa KaK BOll.I\OIUeHHe KOpOAeBeKOfO Be.I\H'IIDI BpeMeH Aio.ztOBHKa XIV, noro KopoAescKoro MeueHaTCTBa, Hatte:>KHOCTbiO H noCTOHHCTBOM KOTOporO B TO BpeMH BOeXHIUaAHeb Bee. 3_zteeb BHeHT eaMbie 291 A yqiiiHe KapTHHbi H3 KOAAeKUHH Er o BeAH'IeCTBa • CUHeoK KapTHH KOpO)\jJ {HliKOAa EaHH eOCTaBHA 3TOT enHeOK B 1709 H 1710 ro_ztax) 142 Hae'!HTbiBaeT He MeHee 1478 e,ztHHHU • )Ke.l\aTe.hbHO 6biAO, '!T06bi Alo.ztOBHK «MOf AI060BaTbeJI KaK MO:>KHO 60AblliHM KO.I\H'IeCTBOM 9THX 291 pettKHX llOAOTeH» • fi03TOMY 6biAa ycraHOBAeHa eHCTeMa llOCTOHHHOH eMeHbi aKeno3HUHH. KopoAb l(ep:>KHT y ce6JI HeKOTopoe speMH «,lJ;:>KOKOH.zty». floeAe 1701 rotta aKOHOMIDI craAa A03YHfOM H npasHAOM B BepeaAe. E,ltHHCTBeHHbie 6o.hbiiiHe TPaTbi B KOHUe uapCTBoBaHHH HttYT Ha HOByiO BHYTPeHHIOIO uepKOBb. Ee crpoHTe.hbCTBo H BHYTPeHHee OcpOpMAeHHe npO.ztBHraiOTeJI Me_ztAeHHO H paCTHrHBaiOTeJI Ha .ztBa.ztUaTb AeT, HO CTapbrH MOHapx npenO.ztHOeHT B KOHUe KOHUOB B l(ap foeno.zty 291 «eaMyiO He06bi'IHyiO H3 npH.ztBOpHbiX uepKseii» • BMecro MpaMopHoii o6AHUOBKH, 3attYMaHHoii BHa'!aAe MaHeapoM, KOTOpaJI 6biAa 6bi B CTHAe 6oAhiiiHX anapTaMeHTOB, AiottoBHK XIV H Po6ep tte Korr npe_ztno'!AH Heno.hb30BaTb 3,ztee'h KaMeHb H3 fub-.zte-<l>paHea. BMeeTo TOfO '!T06bi llOBTOpHTb C.I\HIIIKOM XOpOIIIO H3BeCTHbrH _zteKOp, OHH co3ttaAH CTH.hb Hosoro BeKa, soeeMHattuaToro. H see-TaKH CTHAb epel(HHX BeKOB 3_zteeb B KaKOH-TO CTer eHH TO:>Ke HaAHUOj uepKOBb

440

fAABAXIX

CeiiT-IllaneAL npHeyrcrsoBaAa B Boo6paJKeHHH apXHTeKropoB. Ee~ HOCTH 6eAOrO KaMIDI npOTHBOnOcraBNieTe.li 6oraTCTBO eK)'AbiiT)'pbl, B KOTopoii po~aiOTe.H HMeHa BeKa IIpoeBemeHH.H: llbepa AeH<rrpa, OTua H ebrna Kycry, Po6epa AeAoppeHa. KaK Bee xpaMbi Toro BpeMeHH, BHyrpeHIDUI uepKOBb KOpONI npe~AaraeT KaTeXH3He «B KapTHHKax». Beeb eBO~ OTBe~eH roeno~y HaUieM)' HHeyey XpHcry. CoTBopeHHe MHpa npe~crasAeno B ueHTPe, BoeKpeeeHHe XpHcroBo H3o6paJKeHo H~ aATapeM. A roAy6b CB.HToro ,ll;yxa napHT H~ KopoAeBeKHM KpeCAoM, qmrypbt KapAa BeAHKoro H Aro~oBHKa CB.HToro, eKAOHeHHbie B MOAHTBe, eHMBOAH3Hp)'IOT MOHapXHIO. KpeCAO KOpONI noMemeHo HanpOTHB aATap.H, Ha B03BhiUieHHH. IIp~eALI oTBe~eHbi eeMbe KopoAA. Aro~oBHK XIV npHxo~HT e10~a KaJK~bm ~eHb, noTOMY 'ITO Meeebi OH eAywaeT e)Ke~HeBHO. H KaJK~biH pa3 ero aHeaM6Ab HeiTOAH.lleT MOTeT. EeAH B npa3~HH'IHbie ~HH, KOTOpbie npe~craBNDOT eo6oii BoexHTHTeAbHbm <<eneKTaKAL», KopoAL hie et nunc (3~eeb H Beer~a) Beeb B MOAHTBe, TO H B AI060H ~pyroii MOMeiiT eBOeH )KH3HH oH He npeHe6peraeT noBee~HeBHbiM 6oroCAy)KeHHeM. PACTIPE,lLEAEHME BPEMEHM KOPONI )KH3Hb KOpOAeH MOHOTOHHa. EcAH OT6poeHTb HeeKOAhKO nyreUieCTBHH, oxoTY oeeHbiO B lliaM6ope H <t>oHTeH6Ao H BOeHHbie aa6oTbi, ~AHBwHee.H ~o 1693 ro~a, )KH3Hb Aro~oBHKa XIV nporeKaAa no'ITH 6e3 nepeMeH. Ero He~eAA, ~eHb H ~aJKe qaebl, KaJKeTe.H, paenHeaHbi, KaK HOTHa.H TeTp~b. qT06bi H36e)KaTb '!aCTbiX ITOBTOpOB, ,lJ;aH)KO llO~biTO)KHBaeT B eBOeM «,lJ;HeBHHKe» B KOHUe 1684 ro~a «Bee 3aH.liTH.ll KopoAA B Te'!eHHe 9Toro ro~a.>>. 113 Hero B~Ho, 'ITO Ero BeAH'!ecrso eoBepweHHo He HMeeT AH'IHOH .)KH3HH. llo'ITH Bee ero BpeMJI npe~Ha3Ha'!aeTe.H no~ttaHHbiM H ~eAaM; pa60Ta, KOTOpyJO OH Ha ee6SI B03AaraeT, ~ep)KHT ero B THeKax. A paaBe oH He npaBH)'K <t:>HAHnna II, KOpOAA HenaHHH? Aro~oBHK BcraeT no3ttHO H AO)KHTe.H enaTb TO)Ke no3~Ho. IJ;epeMOHHaA eo6AIO~aeTe.H AHUib B YTPeHHHe H Be'!epHHe qaebi: B nepBbie MHHyrbi BcraBaHHSI H BO BpeMJI yTpeHHero npHeMa, a TaK)Ke BO BpeMJI Be'!epHero npHeMa nepe~ OTXO~OM KO eey H Henoepe~CTBeHHo nepe~ TeM, KaK OToliTH KO eey, eKpbmUIHeb 3a noAoroM aAbKOBa. KopoAA 6y.l{.liT OKOAO nOAOBHHbi ~eB.HTOrO, OH B03rAaBNleT 3aee~aHHe O~HOH H3 eeKUHH eBoero eOBeTa, KOTOpoe npOXO~HT KaJK~biH ~eHb OT ~eBSITH TP~UaTH ~o noAOBHHbi nepBoro. ITo BoeKpeeeHbSIM 3aee~aeT roey~apcrseHHhiH eoBeT, HAH eoBeT MHHHCTPOB (HHortta Ha3bmaeMhm BepXHHM eOBeTOM). 8TO eaMbiH BaJI<HbiH eOBeT, Ha KOTOpOM o6ey)K.l{aiOTe.H H npHHHMaiOTC.li CaMbie cepbe3Hbie peweHHSI. KopoAL 3acrasAAeT BbieKaabmaTbC.H K~oro roey~apcrseHHoro MHHHCTPa- MHweAA AeTeALe, MapKH3a ~e A ysya, AeneAeTbe, KOTOpbie cocrasNDOT KAaH AereALe, H MapKHaa ~e KpyaeeH, e~HHCTBeHHoro npe~crasme Nl KAaHa KoAh6epa, - H BbiHOCHT peweHH.li, KaK npaBHAo, B corAacHH e MHeHHeM 6oALUIHHCTBa. O~HH paa B ~Be He~eAH (B noHe~eALHHK)

OBPA3bl BEPCANI

441

saosh 3ace~aer see TOT )l(e coseT MHHHcrpos; so sropoii noHe~eAh HHK H3 3THX ~syx He~eAh co6npaeTc.R: coseT ~enem; 3~ech paa6npaeTc.s~ nepenHCKa Me~y npaBHTeAbCTBOM H HHTe~aHTaMH H ~eAaiOTC.R: o6o6meHH.R:. KopoAb so3rAaBA.R:eT 3TOT coseT. B HeM 3ace~aiOT ~o cpnH, Meche, Ka.HUAep AeTeAbe, MapmaA BHAbpya (rAasa coseTa cpnaaacos), MHHHCTphi, rocy~apcrseHHhie ceKpeTapu, He .R:SA.R:IOtnnec.s~ MHHHCTpaMH (MapKH3 ~e CeHheAe, MapKH3 ~e I!IaToHecp) H reHepaAbHhm KOHTPOAep (AeneAeTbe, y)l(e HaaHa'ieHHhm). ITo STOpHHKaM npoxo~.R:T KopoAescKHe coseTbi cpHHaHcos (COKpatneHHO KOpOAeSCKHe COSeTbi), yaaCAe~OBaHHhie OT npe)I(Hero cynepnHTeH~aHTa <l>yKe. Ero BeAH'iecrso npMce~aTeAbCTBYeT Ha 3THX COSeTax S npHCJTCTBHH, TeOpeTH'ieCKH, KaHUAepa H, npaKTH'ieCKH, MoHceHhopa, Mapma.Aa BnAbpya, reHepaAbHOro KOHTPOAepa H ~syx «COSeTHHKOs H3 KopoAescKoro coseTa cpHHaHCOS». KoHTPOAepoM - KaK Mhi 3HaeM - .R:BA.R:eTC.R: KAo~ AeneAeTbe. ~oe ~pyrnx Bh~aromnee.s~ AH"lHOCTH: .Aapn ITroccop, ~~.R: noKOHHoro KoAh6epa, H3seCTHhm 3aKoao~aTeAb, u Ayu Eympa, ~pyr noKOHHoro ~e TropeHaa, KOTOphiH CTaHeT KaHUAepOM <l>paHUHH qepe3 HeCKOAhKO MeC.R:UeS. ITo cpe~aM, a TaK)I(e no 'ieTBepra.M On.R:Th 3ace~aeT coseT MHHncrpos. ITo cy66oTaM JTPOM co6npaeTc.R: sTopoii coseT cpHHaacos. YTPo no n.R:THHUa.M npOXO~HT no-pa3HOM)', 3TO speM.R: OTBO~HTC.R: ~A.R: COSeTa COSeCTH, KOTOphm He .R:BA.R:eTCH OcpHUHaAhHOH CeKUHeH COSeTa KopoA.R:. 3~eCh COXpa.HHeTCH AHlllb Ha3SaHHe «COSeT» KaK nepe)I(HTOK speMeH PumeAbe u Maaapnau; 3TO AHlllb Sa)I(Ha.H cpopMa «pa60Tbr KoP?A.R:». Ero BeAH'iecrso 6ece~yeT Ha «coseTe» o r AaBHhiX ~eAax l.J,epKSH, OC06eHHO 0 6eHecpHUHHX, C ~SJM.R: Ca.MhiMH BAH.R:TeAhHhiMH ~e.R:TeAHMH .QepKSH. CHa'iaAa KopoAb npHHHMaeT ero BbiCOKonpeocsHI.UeHcrso, apxnenncKona ITapn)l(a paacya ~e ApAe ~e lliaHBaAoHa, o6cy~aeT c HHM s 3TOT nepno~ npoeKT - npHHHMaromuii see 6oAee H 6oAee 'ieTKne oqepTaHIDI - OTMeHhi Ha.HTcKoro 3~HKTa. 3aTeM HacrynaeT qepe~ ~yxosHHKa, oma ~e Aame3a, npneM KOToporo ~AHTCH ~OArO, H pa3rOsop C HHM ~eT B OCHOSHOM 0 6eHecpHUIDIX. ITo3)1(e, a HMeHHO so speM.R: npe6hmaHIDI s MapAH, Aro~osnK XIV 6y~eT HHOr~a HMeTb o~Ho HAH ~sa YTPa cso6o~HbiX. OH 3THM 6y~eT noAb3osaTbc.R:, "lT06hr coseplllHTb nporyAKH, a npn CAyqae H nooxoTHTbCH. B o6hNHhie ~HH MOHapx noK~aeT Ka6nHeT coseTa OKOAO noAoSHHhi nepsoro. OH BeAHT Tor~a «npe~ynpe~HTh cynpyry MoaceHhopa, "'TO rOTOS ~TH S uepKOSh, H sech KOpoAeSCKHH ~OM meA SMeCTe C HHM K Meece, KOTOpa.H conposo~aAaCh npeSOCXO~HOH M)'3hiKOH. (C 1683 ro~a MumeAh-PHmap ,lJ;eAaA~ 6hiA nOMOI.UHHKOM KaneAbMeiicrepa KopoA.R:.) IToCAe CAy)l(6hr Aro~osHK XIV HaaocHA SH3HT MapKH3e ~e MoHTecnaa. 3aTeM ~eT «o6e~aTh s nepe~HIOIO roCTHH)'K> cynpyrn MoHceHbopa. 06CAy)I(HBaiOT KopoA.R: 3a CTOAOM ~sop.R:He. MoHceHbop, cynpyra MoHceahopa, Meche H ero cynpyra, M~eMya3eAb H M~aM ~e fH3 e~.R:T C KOpOAeM; 3a CTOAOM HHOr~a npHCJTCTBJIOT npnauecchr KpOBH». ITo OKOH'ia.HHH TPane3hi KopoAb HaHOCHT

442

fAABAXIX

KOpOTI<HH BH3HT CBOeH HeBeCTKe, 3aTeM e~eT no~bllliaTb CBe)f(HM B03~yxoM noCAe CTOAhKHX qacos, npose~eHHbiX B noMemeHHH. OH BCIO )KH3Hh AJ06HA nposo~HTh speW~ no~ OTKphiTbiM He6oM. EM)' Heo6xo~HMO 6hiAo AH6o cosepm an, ~AHTeAbHhie nporyAKH no cBOHM c~aM B conposo~eHHH npHHuecc H ~aM, AH6o noexan, HeH~OAro nooxOTHThcSI. BpeW~ OT speMeHH oH 3aHHMaJ\CSI coKOAHHOH oxoToii. lfuor~a Ero BeAH"'eCTBo OXOTHACSI c py)KheM. Ho KopoAb npe~nO"'HTaJ\ ncOByiO OXOTy Ha AaHb HAH OAeHSI BepXOM Ha AOlli~H, eCAH y Hero BCe XOpomo CO 3~0pOBbeM, HAH B O"'eHh MSirKOH KOASICKe, Kor~a no~arpa ~aBa.Aa o ce6e 3HaTh. 8ToT «nOCAeo6e~eHHbxH» BbiXO~, B KOTOpOM KOpOAb TaK ~a.J\CSI, 6hiA scero AHllih aHTpaKTOM. BropM qacn, nOCAenoAy~eHHoro speMeHH CHOBa nOCB$1lllaeTCSI npasHTeAbCTBy. Asa pa3a B He~eAJO Juo~o BHK XIV pa60TaeT c MapKH30M ~e CeHheAe, rocceKpeTapeM cpAOTa, ITapH)Ka, ~yxoseHCTBa H ~oMa KopoASI. B 9THX 6eceAax r AaBHoe MeCTO OTBO~HTCSI cpAory, ~oCTimiieM)' anoreSI csoero MorymeCTBa no~ amttoii ceMhH KoAD6epos, KOTop~>tx KopoAh HeH3MeHHo noMep)KHBaeT. ITo seqepaM, TPH HAH qen,xpe pa3a B He~eAJO, KopoAh pa60TaeT «B CBSI3Ke» c Aysya. Mmmc-rp o6c~aeT c KopoAeM soeHHbxe ~eAa (ynpaBAeHHe soiicKaMH, cpopn~cpHKa.uxm) H ~eAa cynepHHTe~aHTCTBa no c-rpoHTeAbCTBy, KOTOphle OH ofu.e~HHSieT C ~eAaMH nO"'T H nO"'TTBhiX CTaHUHH <l>paHUHH. Mmmc-rpy HHOC1paHHbiX ~eA KpyaccH H reHepaADHOM)' KOHlpOAepy ~aiOTCSI ay~HeHUHH nOKOpoqe H He TaK peryAS~pHO. I1pH cppaHUpCKOM ~Bope Bcer~a CYllleCTBOBaAH COBeThi: AH"'Hhle BC1pe"'H KOpOASI C KaKHM-HH6y~h nepBbiM Ha"'aAbHHKOM OT~eAa HHCKOAhKO He 6hiAH Hososse~eHHeM. Ho HcKycCTBo Juo~osHKa XIV 3aKAJO"'aJ\OCh B TOM, "'TO OH 3MnHpH"'eCKH npmta.A cpOpM)' HHCTHryTa 3TOM)' o6bl"'aiO, H B TOM, "'TO CYMeA ocraThCSI Mecb xo3SIHHOM noAo)KeHHSI: KaK AJ06M npHBHAerHS~, pa6oTa c KopoAeM scer~a MhiCAHTC$1 KaK MHAOCTh, npe~oCTaBAeHHM B ~HBH.ltYaAbHOM nop.sl,ll;Ke H, CAe~OBaTeAbHO, MOrylllaSI 6biTb OTMeHeHHOH. Y ~HBHTeAhHhiM 6biA TaK)Ke co3~aHHbm HHCTHryT anapTaMeHTOs, KOTOpbiH TP" pa3a B He~eAJO ~eAaeT npWITHhiM seqepHee speMS~npenposo~eHHe npH ~sope. Co3~aHHe HHCTHryTa anapTaMeHTOB noKa3hmaeT, c KaKHM TaJ\aHTOM KOpOAb HCnOAh3YeT ~a)Ke pa3BAe"'eHHSI B HHTepecax C06CTBeHHOH CAaBbl H nOAHTHKH. CAoBo «anapTaMeHTht», noHHMaeMoe B cMbtCAe KopoAeBcKoro npHeMa, SIBASieTC$1 HeOAOrH3MOM: OHO nOSIBASieTC$1 He3~0J\I'O ~0 1674 ro~a, B nepsbm ro~, Kor~a ~sop npe6bmaeT 6oAbme B Bepca.Ae, "'eM B CeH)KepMeHe. «B 3TH noCAe~HHe ro~bi rosopHAH, - IIHllleT <l>topen,ep, "'TT 6biA ~eHb anapTaMeHTOB KOpOASI, HMe$1 B BH.ny pa3AH"'Hbie npa3k HHKH, Ha KOTOpbiX KOpOAb HeCKOAbKO ~HeH no~p.sl,ll; yrOlllaJ\ ~BOp B CBOHX pOCKOlliHO Me6AHpOBaHHbiX, SlpKO OCBellleHHbJX anapTaMeHTax, r ~e Hrpa.Aa M)'3biKa, yc-rpa.HBa.AHCb 6aADt, AerKHe ~HHbi, Hrpbi H ~py rne 3aMe"'aTeAhHbie pa3BAe"'eHHSI»42• IToCAe oKoH"'aTeAhHoro o6ycrpoiiCTBa B Bepca.Ae Ero BeAH"'eCTBo npHHHMaeT no BTOpHHKaM, "'eTsepraM H cy660TaM. B 3TH ~HH ca.AOHhi Juo~osHKa XIV OTKpbiBaAHCb B

O:SPA3bl BEPCANI

443

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OEPA3bl BEPCANI

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noCAe OTMeHbi ( 1685) HamcKoro 9~HKTa; ~o H noCAe npHBAe'!emux Bcero ~Bopa K co6AlO~eHHJO peAHrH03HbiX o6pMOB (1684); ~o H nocAe TaHHOrO 6pa.KOCO'ieTaHJUI (1683); a B cpasHHTe.l\bHO He~aBHeM rpy~e, B KOTOpOM «06parueHHe» KOpOAH 6bl.I\O OTHeCeHO K CaMOM)' paarapy «~eAa o6 OTpaBHTeNIX», no~paaYMeBaAOCb, cy~.R: no BCeM)', 'iTO uapCTBoBaHHe Aro~oBHKa XIV ~eAHTc.R: Ha ~pyrne ~Be 'lacrn: ~o H 207 noCAe ero B03Bpa.lUeHIDI K ynopMO'leHHOH .1\H'iHOH :IKH3HH (1681) • O~HaKo 9TO 3HaMermToe uapCTBOBaHHe He MO:IKeT paccMarpHBaTbC.R:, sepoRTHo, B 6HHapHOM nAaHe. K TOM)' :IKe «MOpa.l\bHOe o6parueHHe» KOpOAH He06.R:3aTe.l\bHO ~0.1\:IKHO 6biTb BOCnpHH.R:TO KaK B03BpaT K csoeii sepe. 11 9TO no roil npocroii npH'IHHe, 'iTO ~ywoii H cep~ueM OH BCer~a OCTaBaAC.R: BepeH eif. «0H aepHA, KaK yro.l\bW:HK»,- OTBeTHT Kap~HHa-\ <l>AepH Ha sonpoc Bo.l\bTepa112• «OH 6YKBa.l\bHO HH'lero He 3Ha.l\ 0 TOM, '!eM O~Ha peAHrH.R: OT.1\H'iaeTCH OT ~pyroif, - HanHIIIeT M~aM EAHaasera-IIIapAorra TI<Pa.l\buCKaH B 1719 ro~y. - ,ll;yxosHHK fOBOpHA eM)': TOT, KTO He KaTOAHK, - epeTHK H npOKAHT. 11 OH 9TOMY sepHA, He crapaHcb rAy6oKo BHHKH)Tb B cyrh Bew:eii»87 . 11HbiMH CAOsaMM, HeBeCTKa Aro~OBHKa XIV ynpeKaeT ero B TOM, 'iTO oH OTBepraeT npOTeCTaHTCKHH npHHUHn CB060~bl COBecrn. 11poHH3Hpy.R: no noBO~Y ~OBepHH, KOTOpoe KOpOAb 0Ka3biBaer CBOeM)' ~yxOBHHKy, OHa HeBO.I\bHO 3a'iHC.I\HeT ero B paapM «3aiiiopeHHbiX KaTO.I\HKOB»: H60

HAEO)l(HOCTb KOPONI

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HHKTO s XVII seKe, aa HCKAIO"'eHHeM MCI.i\eHhKOH rpyniiKH «BOJ\l:.Ho~)'Mues», He CTaBHT Ha O~H)' ~ocKy PHM H )KeHesy, a TeM 6oAee paaHhie peAHrnH. KoHe"'HO, M~aM - KOTOprui, HeCMOTpR Ha noAH}'IO cso6o~y, lliHPOTY CBOHX peAHrH03HbiX cy~eHHH, OCTaeTCR BepHa EH6AHH - o6sHHReT B CBOHX nHCbMax KOpoNI B TOM, "'TO OH He 3HaKOM co CAosoM Eo)KHHM: «lloKOHHbm KopoAb 6hiA noAHbiM npocpaHOM s sonpocax CsmueHHOro IlHca.HWI». HAH eme: «HHKor~a s )KH3HH OH He "'HTCI.i\ EH6AHIO». 0Ha scero AHlllb no~qepKHBaeT paaHHUY Me~y ~BJMR xpHCTHaHCKHMH KoHcpeccHRMH. B caMOM ~eAe, ecAH J\ro~osHK XIV "'HTCI.i\ TOJ\hKO EsaHreAHe H llcCI.i\Tbipb, TO :ITO He 3Ha"'HT, "'TO oH He 6hiA 3HaKOM c co~ep)KaHHeM CsmueHHoro IIHcaHHR. Kopo.i\h - THnH"'Hbm npe~crasHTeJ\h csoero Hapo~a H csoero seKa. KaKos -cpe~HHH KaTOAHK (~a)Ke H3 Ha6o)KHbiX) nepHo~a KmrrppecpopMbi, TaKOB H KOpOJ\h. To, so "'TO OH sepHT, co~ep)KHTcR H s "'HTaeMOH HM e)Ke~HeBHO MOAHTBe «OT'tJe Halll», H B «CHMBOAe Bephi», npOH3HOCHMOM 80 speMR e)Ke~HeBHOH CAy)K6bi, B MOAHTBe «Hcnose~JIOCb», npe~rneCTByiOmeii ero Hcnose~H, s csmueHHhiX necHRX H MOTeTax, KOTOpbie CO'tJHHReT H HCllOAHReT ~NI Hero ero KaneAAa, B rHMHax, KOTOpbie nOlOTCR Ha MHOrO"'HCAeHHbiX uepeMOHHRX, r~e OH np HCJTCTBYeT (Ha MOAe6Hax 6Aaro~apeHHR focno~y. Ha Top)KeCTBeHHbiX CAy)K6ax, Ha MOAe6Hax 80 speMR 6e~CTBHH, BO speMR n oKAoHeHHR CsRThiM ,ll;apaM, Ha seqepHHX CAy)K6ax). Kor~a y Hero B03HHKalOT COMHeHIDI B OTHOWeHHH onpe~eAeHHOrO nyHKTa KaTOAHqecKOH ~OKTPHHbi, OH o6pamaeTCR 3a pa3'bRCHeHHRMH K CBOeMY ~y XOBHHKy, K KaKOMY·HH6y~b npeAaTY HAH K CBHIUeHHHKaM np~sop HOH uepKBH. OH p aaMhiWNieT H~ CAosoM Eo)KHHM, KaK no~o6aeT ~o6poMY KaroAHKy, pJKOBO~CTBYRCb nponose~RMH, KOTOpbte eMY "'HTaJOTCR s Te"'eHHe sceii ero )KH3HH.

CAABOC.l\.OBHE M CYIUNI IIPAB,lJ.A J\ro~oBHK XIV C"'HTaeT CBOHM ~OMOM CAyrnaTb e)Ke~HeBHO Meccy, npHCJTCTBOBaTb ~sa paaa B ro~ Ha peAHrH03HbiX nponose~RX H norpy)KaTbcR B pa3MbiWAeHHe H~ HCTHHaMH KaTOAH"<JeCKOH sepbl H TPe6osa.HWIMH aaKoHa. AmyprHR H TP~HUHH HeCKOJ\hKO 6apo"'HOH o6p~osoCTH no6y)K~aiOT ero K 3TOMJ. Kcrarn, Mo~a s ~aHHOM cAyqae TO)Ke CblrpCI.i\a CBOIO poAb. faaeTa «MepKIOp rCI.i\aH» llHCCI.i\a no noso~y ycnernHoro npose~eHHR nocra 1682 ro~a: «,lJ;sop H IIapH)K, KOTOpbte s ~HH pa3sAe"<JeHHR HH"<Jero He )KCI.i\elOT, "'T06hi opraHH30saTb npa3~HeCTBa H C~eAaTb HX H3biCKaHHO rCI.i\aHTHbiMH, C TaKHM )Ke pseHHeM npORBNIIOT CBOIO Ha60)KH0CTb B ~HH uepKOBHbiX B03~ep)Ka HHH. HHKor~a eme sepyiOlllHe He CAyrnaAH nponose~H c TaKHM oseHHeM H C TaKOH peryNipHOCTbiO, KaK 80 speMR noCAe~Hero nOCTa»~- . cha nepeMeHa HacrpoeHHR ny6AHKH COBnCI.i\a y ~HBHTeJ\hHblM o6pa30M c nepeea~OM J\ro~osHKa XIV s BepcaAb H c ero so3spaTOM K cynpy)KeCKOH sepHOCTH. Ha peAHrn03HOCTb ny6AHKH oKa3bmCI.i\ CHJ\hHoe BAHRHHe OTeU ~e Aarnea. C 1661 no 1681 ro~ He3JHTbi nposeAH u

450

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ceMh (a oparopHaHUhi- wecTHaAUaTh) nOAHhiX nponoBe.neii no CAy'iaJO pO)K,lleCTBeHCKHX H nacxaA~>HhiX nocroB. C 1682 no 1715 ro.n ::rra nponopuHH MeHHeTCH B npOTHBonoAO)KH)'IO cropoHY: -rpH.lluaTh 'ieThipe nponoBe.llHHKa-He3)'HTa H TOAhKO -rpHHaAUaTh opaTOpHaHu eB 'iHTaJOT 3TH nponoBe.nH (npas.na, cpe.nH HHX TaKHe BeAH'iHHhi, KaK CoaHeH, Mop H MaccHHoH). Ho B 3TOH o6AaCTH, KaK H BO MHornx .npymx, npHBbl'llibiH xo.n )KH3HH o.nep)KHBaeT Bepx. Or roro, 'iTO y KopoAH eCTh A.I060BHHUa, ero Bepa He noy6asHAacb. KopoAb He npoCAywaA noAH)'IO cepmo nponoBe.neii, nocBmneHHhiX nocry 1662 ro.na, KOTOpbre npoqHTaA B Ayspe EocCI03 (o6 eBa.HreAhCKOH nponoBe.nH, o MOAHTBe, o 3AOM 6ora'ie, o6 aAe, o ITpoBH,lleHHH, o 6paTCKOM MHAocep.nHH, o qecroA.I06HH, o cMepTH, o BAaroBeiUeHHH, o ropH'IeM pacKaHHHH, o noAHOM pacKaHHHH, o .noMe KopoAeH, o c-rpacrn), TaK KaK 6hiA CAHWKOM osa6o'ieH 6erCTBOM AYH3hi .ne AasaAbep. Ho OH CAywaA HeKOTOphre H3 3THX nponoBe.neii ,lla)Ke B 6y,llHHe .llHH; OH He TOAhKO He paccep.nHAcH Ha BocciOE~, HO ,lla)Ke npHr AacHA ero 'iHTaTh nponoBe,llH no CAyqaJO po)K.lleCTBeHcKoro nocra 1665 ro.na, nacxaA~>Horo nocra 1666 ro.na, po)K.lleCTBeHcKoro nocra 1669 ro.na. B 1672 ro.ny Aro.noBHK OTMeHHeT nponoBe.llh nepBoro BOCKpeceHHH nacxaA~>Horo nocra (16 MapTa) no.n npe.nAoroM -rpaypa H no3BOAHeT Byp.naAy npo'iHTaTh CBOIO nponoBe.nh nepe.n KopoAeBoH 25 MaPTa (foAAaH,llCKaH BOHHa ,llOA)I(Ha 6biAa BOT-BOT Ha'iaThCH); B 1674 ro.ny, KOr,lla KOpOAb, Ka)KeTCH, llOAHOCThlO OT,llaeTCH CBOHM y.noBOAhCTBIDIM, OH BCe-TaKH npOCAywHBaeT ,ll06pyro 'iaCTh naCXaAbHblX nponoBe.neii roro )Ke Byp.naAy. ITocAe KOH'iHHhi KopoAeBhi H cBoero TaHHoro 6paKoCO'ieTaHHH Aro.noBHK XIV oco6eHHo ycep.nHo nocemae-r Bee UHKAhi nponoBe.neii H npOID3AHeT ce6H OC06eHHO XOpOWHM, BHHMaTeAhHblM CAywaTeAeM. 9-roT MoHapx, TaKOH -rpe6oBaTeAhHhm, meneTHAbHhm, Kor.na pe'ih 3axo.nHT o6 HcKycCTBe, o MJ3hiKe, o 6aAeTe, o AHTepaTJPe, He cKynHTcH Ha noxBaAbi B OTHoweHHH peAHrn03HhiX oparopoB. B BocKpeceHhe 10 .neKa6pH 1684 ro.na, npoCAywaB nponose.nh Eyp.naAy, KopoAb CKa3aA, 'iTO «OH HHKOr,lla He CAhlWaA 6oAee KpaCHBOH nponoBe,llH»26 • HoB 1700 ro.ny, Kor.na npH.llBOpHhie H napH)KCKHe 3HaTOKH cnopHAH 0 TOM, KOMJ OT,llaTh naAbMJ nepBeHCTBa- OpaTOpHaHUy Mopy HAM oparopHrumy MaccHHOHY, KopoAb o6'biD3AHeT, 'iTO OH B BOcropre OT OTUa Cepa¢HMa, KanyuHHa, y KOTOporo OH OTMeTHA «Bcero AHWb O,llHH TaAaHT: OrAywaTh BCeX KpHKOM» 54, H OT OTUa failltpa, He3)'H'I'a. IToCAe.nHero oH npHrAacHT 6oAee .nBeHaAUaTH pas npO'iHTaTb UHKA nponOBe,lleH npH ,llBOpe. f aHHp nepBbiH B KOrOpTe nponoBe,llHHKOB KopoAH, onepe)KaH MacKapoHa H Byp.naAy, nyCTh ,lla)Ke rpjl,llymHe noKoAeHIDI He 3a'iHCAHT ero B paspjl,ll AyqWHx opaTopoB nepHo.na npaBAeHHH Aro.noBHKa XIV. 11 He HY)KHO y.llHBAHThCH, ecAH OTeu KeHKe (TeaTHHeu), poMaHThep H MaccHHOH 6biAH npHrAaweHhi TP" pa3a, a .noM KocM (H3 op.neHa ¢eAhHHOB) H a66aT BocciOE~ - 'ieTbipe pasa, Ae6y (opaTopHmeu) 6oAee nHTH pas, ,lJ;eAapro (He3JHT) - 6oAee .neBHTH pas, MacKapoH,

HAEO)I(HOCTh KOPONI

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Byptla.AY H faiiJip - tlBeHa.ttUaTh pa3, a MO)KeT 6biTb, H 6oAee. ,l(eAo B TOM, 'ITO ArotlOBHK XIV qyBCTBOBa.A HeAOBKOCTb npH IIOJIBAeHHH HOBhiX AHU. OH He AI06HA H3MeHJITh npHBbf'IKaM H ocra.AcJI HM BepHbiM. KpoMe roro, KopoAIO HpaBJITCJI, KaK H ero IIOMaHHhiM, IIbiiiiHbie, IIOBTOpJIIOIUHeecJI nepHOJlbl B TOp)KeCTBeHHbiX n pOIIOBetlJIX. OpaTopbi 9THM nOAh3yiOTcJI, B nepByiO oqepetlh Byptla.Ay. 0HH npoH3BOAhHO BKAIO'IaiOT HeKOTOpbie HaMeKH BO BBOtlHYIO '!aCTb npOIIOBeJlH H B tlAHHHbrH KOMIIAHMeHT 3aBepiiiaiOIUeH '!acrH, a 'ITO KaCaeTCJI caMOH CY™ IIpOIIOBetlH, TO OHM ee IIOBTOpJIIOT HHOrtla 6YKBaAbHO CAOBO B CAOBO. KoMIIAHMeHThi YBJI3biBaiOTcJI c aKTyaA.bHhiMH co6biTHJIMH. OHH npoCA.aBAJIIOT MOHapxa, ero no6etlhi, ero 3aBOeBaHHJI, 3aKAIO'IeHHhie tlOrosopbi, a TaK)Ke 3JlHKT o pera.AHH, npeCA.eJlOBaHHJI npoTecraHToB, OTMeHY HaHTcKoro 3JlHKTa. 8ToT no6et~OHOCHbrH nacpoc B tlyxe BpeMeHH, rapMOHH'IHO CO'IeTaiOIUHHCJI c 6AecrJIIUHM ,l.IBopoM, cnoco6CTBOBa.A, KaK HaM Ka)KeTCJI, pocry '!BaHCTBa H IIOTepe qyBCTBa Mepbi. 8TOT nacpoc 6hiA cpaKTH'!eCKH c6HT, C OtlHOH cropOHbl TaKTH'IHOCTbiO KOpOAJI H npH,l.IBOpHbiX, KOTOpbie YMeAH in petto (B t~YIIIe) OTAH'!aTh o6bf'IHYIO pHTopHKY OT nponaraHJlhi, a 3aTeM H caMHM opaTopoM, KOTOpbr.H YMeAo <<KaTOAHUH3HpoBa.A» CA.aBY HaHXpHcrHaHHeiiiiiero, o6pamaJI ee K Bory. KoMIIAHMeHT, KOTOpbiM Aeiiibe 3aKOH'IHA cBoiO nponoBetlh 1676 rotla, JIBAJieTCJI 6AecrJIIUHM o6pas'IHKOM aroro KpacHope'IHJI ad usum regis (npMHa3Ha'!eHHoro ,l.IAJI KopoAJI): «Tbi , fociiOJlH, KOTOpbrH BAa.,lteeiiib ceptlUaMH KOpoAeH H KOTQpbiH, corAacHo Iht:caHHIO, t.~apyeiiih cnaceHHe KopoAJIM, metlpo OChinaeiiib MHAocrJIMH Toro, KOMY JI TOAhKO 'ITO noBetla.A o TBOHX HcrHHax; OH npet.~IIO'!HTaeT, 'IT06hi JI B03HOCHA Te6e MOAHTBy, a He B03HOCHA eMY XBa.Ay; OH BOCCbiA.aeT Te6e BCIO CBOIO CAaBy, 1160 OHa, HCXOtlJI OT Te6JI O/.IHOro, H /.IOA)KHa rrpHHa.ttAe)KaTh TOAhKO Te6e 0/.1HOMY· EcAH KopoAb t~aer MYtlPhie coBeTbi, TO ara MytlpOCTb HCXO/.IHT oT Te6JI O,l.IHoro; eCA.H npetlnpHHJIThie HM t~eiiCTBHJI npHBO/.IJIT K ycnexy, TO aro TBoe TipoBH,l.leHHe PYKOBO.l.IHT ero tleHCTBHJIMH; ecAH OH ot.~ep)KHBaer no6et~hi B BOHHax, aro nOTOMY, 'ITO Tbi YKa3hiBaeiiib eMY npaBHAbHbrH rryn H eMY noKpoBHTeAhCTByeiiib, aro TBOJI t~AaHb B03Aaraer Ha Hero KopoHY B crpaHe, ot~apeHHoii cqacrAHBhiM npouBeraHHeM, KOTOpbiM Tbi ytlOCTOHA ero uapCTBOBaHHe; HaM ocraeTcJI TOAhKO nonpocHTb o TOM, o '!eM caM KopoAh MOAHT Te6JI Ka)K,l.lbrH tleHb: o cnaceHHH ero .l.IYIIIH. Tbt YKpenHA rpoH MoHapxa npoTHB crOAhKHX aparoB, o6'betlHHHBIIIHXCJI B coi03, '!T06bt cpa3HTh ero; YKPeiiH ero tlyx npoTHB croAhKHX co6Aa3HOB, KOTOphre ero oKp~aiOT. EMY Ha.ttAe)KHT Otlep)KaTh II06e,l.lbl 6oAee CAaBHbie, '!eM Te, KOTOpbie OH Otlep)KHBaeT, H Tbx, focnOtlH, MO)Keiiib yseH'IaTh ero KopoHoH BO MHOrO KpaT 6oAee ueHHOH, '!eM Ta, KOTOpyiO OH HOCHT. 11 eMY 6yt~eT Ma.Ao Toro 6eccMepTHJI, KOTopoe Bee BeKa eMy o6emaroT, ecAH y Hero He 6yt~er TOro, KOTopoe Tbi O,l.I.HH MO)Keiiib eMY tlapoBaTh H B MHpe Be'!HoM. Tiot.~KpenH, fociiOtlH, ero BeAHKHe MOHapiiiHe tl06pot.~ereAH TaKHMH )Ke BeAHKHMH XpHcrHaHCKHMH Jl06pO,l.leTeAJIMH; OTKpOH,

452

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fOCfiO,l(H, ex.ue 60.1\hllie npocropa B ero ,l(Jllle ,l(NI 6AarO'IeCTH.SJ1 KOT<r pbiM Tbi ero Ha.l(eAHA, H nyCTb cBepmHTC.SJ BONI TBo.SJ, "'T06bi OH CTaA TaKHM )Ke CB.!IThiM, KaKHM Tbi cno.l(o6HA ero craTb BeAHKHM, 'IT06bi noCAe Toro, KaK OH .l(OAro H ycneniHo uapCTBOBaA 6Aaro,l(~.SJ Te6e, rocnO,l(H, OH CMOr 6bi uapCTBOBaTb BO BeKH pMOM c To6o:H» • A Y'lmero KOMnAHMeHTa HHKTO He a.l(pecOBaA AroAOBHKY XIV HH MacKapoH, npoCAaBNIBmH:ii 3aKAIO'IeHHe HHMBereHcKoro MHpa Ha npa3,l(HHKe Bcex CB.!IThiX 1679 ro.l(a, HH Eyp.l(aAy, BOCXBa.NmlliHH PHcBHKCKHH MHp Ha Po)K.l(eCTBo 1697 ro,l(a H npeBpaTHBlliHH CBOH H3)'MHTe.i\hHbrH 3aKAIO'IHTe.i\hHbiH KOMnAHMeHT B «npOI.Ua.HHe C KOp<r 195 AeM» H a npomaHHe c «60.1\hmHMH nponoBe.l(.SJMH» • Ho MHorne .l(pyrne npHABOpHbie nponOBe,l(HHKH TaK)Ke npOH3HOCHAM O'leHb CMe.i\hie pe'IH. lJ,HKJ\hi nponoBe.l(e:ii, KOTopbie 'IHTaAHCh no CAY'iaiO nocra, Ha'IHHaAHCh c nponose,l(H, npHypO'IeHHOH K CpeTeHHIO; oHa, ecreCTBeHHO, nOCB.!Il.UeHa MOpa.i\hHOH 'IHCTOTe. lJ,HKJ\hl, CB.SJ3aHHbie C pO)K,l(eCTBeHCKHM nOCTOM, Ha'IHHaiOTC.!I C nponoBe,l(H, nOCB.!Jl.UeHHOH npa3,l(HHKY Bcex CB.!IThiX H o6hr<rno npH3BaHHOH BocneBaTb CB.SJTOCTb. Ho ,l(O 1683 ro,l(a nponoBe,l(HHKY TPY,l(HO npocAaBNITb CB.SJTOCTb H 'IHcrory, H6o B ero pe'lax CAymaTeAH Bcer,l(a craparoTC.SJ YAOBHTh pa3Hbie HaMeKH Ha HeKOTOpbie anH30,l(bl H3 'laCTHOH )KH3HH KOpONI, KOTOpa.SJ 6biAa B TO BpeM.SJ ,l(aAeKa OT CB.SJTOCTH H HenopO'IHOCTH. flHKOr,l(a uepKOBHhie nponoBe,l(HHKH, ,l(a)Ke Eoccroa, He noMhilliNIAH 6biTb HAM ,l(a)Ke BhirNl.l(eTb ueH3opaMH KopoNI. OHH npocro noAb30BaAHCh (HO He 3AOynOTPe6NIAH) «npHBHAerne:ii aMBOHa». cha npHBHAern.SJ COCTOHT B TOM, "'T06bi n03BOAHTb ce6e rOBOpHTb 0 'leCTOAI06HH, 0 rOpAOCTH, ,l(a)Ke 0 npeAI060,l(e.SJHHH nO,l( npe.l(AOrOM, "'TO nponoBe.l(b npOH3HOCHTC.!I BO BHJTPeHHeH ,l(BOpUOBOH uepKBH B npHcyrCTBHH rop.l(oro H Hapymarox.uero cynpy)KeCKJIO BepHOCTb KopoNI. A y)K ,l(eAo MOHapx4_- yc.i\himaTh np.SJMo CKa3aHHoe HAM no.l(pa3)'MeBaeMoe H H3MeHHTh HAM He H3MeHHTb cBoe nose,l(eHHe. A ,l(eAo npH.l(BOpHbiX H napH)KaH - He BbmCKHBaTb HaMeKH Ha KPHTHKY AH'IHOH )KH3HH TaM, r,l(e aBTop nponose.l(H He co6HpaAc.SJ Hx ,l(eAaTb. qacro BcnoMHHaiOT o nponoBe.l(H so BpeM.SJ nacxa.i\hHoro nocra 1680 ro.l(a, «nponoBe,l(H Eyp.l(aAy, KOTOpbrH HHKOr,l(a HHKOrO He I.Ua.l(HT, BbillaAHBa.SJ npaB.l(Y 6e3 y,l(ep)Ky, roBop.SJ o cynpy)KeCKo:ii HeBepHoCTH: cnaca:HC.SJ KTO MO)KeT, OH MAeT HanpoAOM» (Ma.l(aM ,l(e CeBHHbe); HO 3,l(ech )'MeCTHO HanOMHHTb 0 TOM, 0 'leM MapKH3a XOpOlliO 3HaAa: HHKOr,l(a Eyp.l(aAY He nocMeA 6hl, npoH3HOc.SJ CBOH nponoBe.l(H nepe.l( KopoAeBOH B OTCJTCTBHe KOpONI, BbiCKa3bffiaTb KaKHe-AH60 HaMeKH, 3a,l(eBaiOmHe nocAe.l(Hero. B o6meM, Aro.l(OBHK XIV npeAoCTaBNieT nponoBe.l(HHKaM ry )Ke CBo6o.l(y, "'TO H CBOHM .l(yxoBHHKaM. OH HM OTKa3hmaeT B npaBe KpHTHKOBaTh CBOIO nOAHTHKYj OH ,l(OnycKaeT ocy)K,l(eHHe CBOHX HpaBOB, HO npH YCAOBHH, "'TO OHM 6y.l(JT C,l(ep)KaHHbiMH H Y'ITHBhlMH, 'leTKHMH H KpaTKHMH. Intelligenti pauca ()'MHhrii noiiMeT c noAycAoBa). ~op noHHMaeT, "'TO MacKapoH Bhi3BaA HeyAOBOJ\hCTBHe TeM, "'TO BO BpeM.SJ nacxa.i\hHOro nocra 1675 ro,l(a BhiCKa3aA c aMBOHa cy)KAeHHe o

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466

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468

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HAEO)KHOCI'b KOPONI

469

roBeA, Ka.K nOAaraeTCH, npH'IainaACH Ha OrpaCTiiOH He~eAe, H npHHHA 97 Ca.srn,xe ,l1;ap~:.x • B Mae KopoAh ()TqHThiBaeT cao10 HeBeCTKy, M~aM, npH6eraH K nOMOlUH CBOero H ee ~yxOBHHKOB; OH eli CTaBHA B BHH)' TO, 'ITO OHa nAOXO CAe~HT 3a nop~KOM B CBOeM ~OMe, AerKOMbiCAeHHO no~cMeHBaeTCH BMecre c npHHUeccoii ~e KoHTH H~ AI06oa87 HhiMH 9CKan~aMH caoHX «6apbiiiieHb» • l.Jepe3 ro~ noCAe srroro (a HIOHe 1686 ro~a) M~aM ysep.s~er, 'ITO np~aopHbxe Ha60)KHbie ~aMbi COBCeM BnaAH B XaH)KeCTBO; 1 OKTH6pH 1687 ro~a OHa nHWeT: «.zlsop craA Ta.KHM CKY'ffihlM, 'ITO XO'IeTCH OTCIO~a 6e)KaTb». M~aM ~e Aacpaiierr Toro )Ke MHeHHH. «B HaCTOHIUee apeMH (1688),- roaopHT oHa, - 6e3 npoHBAeHWI Ha60)KHOCTH HeT Te6e cnaceHHH npH ~aope, Ka.K H a MHpe HHOM». H6o «o6pa3 )KH3HH Ta.K )Ke nepeMeH'IHB, Ka.K 77 MO~hl; HpaBbl cppaHUY30B MeHmOTCH C B03paCTOM KOpOAH» • lfTa.K, eCAH aepa KOpOAH OCTaeTCH HeH3MeHHOH, TO Ha60)KHOCTb ero 803pacraeT. M~aM roaopHT, 'ITO OHa He Y3HaeT caoero ~eaep.s~; a MapKH3a ~e MeHTeHOH C'IHTaeT, 'ITO OH Tenepb «HaCTOHIUHH xpHCTHaHHH H no-HaCTOHIUeMY aeAHK». CKopo noHBHTCH B CeH-CHpe MOHaiiiKH, KOTOpbie 6y~YT «BCIO )KH3Hb MOAHTb focno~a 0 TOM, 'IT06bi ero npH'IHCAHAH K AHKY CBHTbiX»!66 BepcaAbCKaH xpoHHKa, no CBH~eTeAbCTBY ,lJ;aH)KO, nopoii CAHBaeTc.s~ C xpOHHKOH peAHrn03HOH npa.KTHKH KOpOAH. «Oc~eHHbxH xpHcTHaHHH»- TaK Hashmaer AIO~oBHKa XIV lliep fa.Kcorr. «Oc~~aJOT>> KopoAH MopraHaTH'IeCKaH cynpyra, ~yxoBHHK H o6e xaH)KeCTByiOIUHe napTHH (B 1709 - 1710 ro~ax 6~:>IAa napTWI XaH)KeH M~aM ~e MeHTeHOH H ~pyra.s~ XaH)KeCKaH napTHH, ao r AaBe KOTopoii CTOHAH repuorn Eyp~cKHH, EoBHAbe H repuornHH ~e llleape3; MoHceHbop PYKOBO~HT TPeTheH napTHeii- YMepeHHhiXt. AIO~oBHK XIV YMHO)KaeT «no~BHrn» 6Aaro'leCTWI. B 1693 ro~y ~~e Ha BOHHe «OH npHCYTCTBYeT K~~hm ~eHh Ha KpaTKoii cA~6e» 66 • OH Hcnoae~yerc.s~ H npWirunaerc.s~ Tenep~:>, no KpaiiHeii Mepe, n.srn, HAH weCTb pas a ro~y. IIpaa~a, B To )Ke caMoe apeMH repuor ~e EoBHAhe npH224 qaruaeTc.sJ: H npHHHMaeT Ca.srn,xe ,ll;ap:~:.x TPH pasa B He~eAI0 • Bc.s~ OrpaCTiiaH He~eAH yxo~HT y KOpOAH llO'ITH nOAHOCTbiO Ha TO, 'IT06hi MOAHThCH, CAywaTh nponoae~H, npHCYTCTBOBaTb Ha cAy)K6e. B BeAHKHH 'leTBepr OH B CBOeM uepKOBHOM n_pHXO~e MOeT HOrn 6e~HbiM, B nHTHHUY noKAOHHeTCH Kpecry, a cyt:>6ory npH'IainaeTc.R: H npHKacaeTc.R: K crpyn:~:.HM 30AOTyiiiHhiX; B IIacxaAbHOe BocKpeceHHe oH CAywaeT Meccy H npHCYTCTBYeT Ha Be'lepHe, a TaK)Ke Ha KOpOTKOH CA~6e B 6 qacoa aeqepa»26• OH npa.KTWieCKH noceruaeT ace TOp)KeCTBeHHhxe CAy)K61:>I, nOCBHIUeHHbie CBHTbiM, CTOAb 'laCTbie B Te BpeMeHa, HHKOr~a He AOB'Ia H He nocrynaH npOTHB CBOeH COBeCTH, OH XO~HT neiiiKOM OT o~Horo Mecra naAOMHH'IeCTBa ~o ~pyroro. «fa3eTT ~e <l>paHC» noaeCTByeT o6o aceM 9TOM, Bhl,l(eAHH «npaae~Hbie ~HH» Ero BeAH'leCTBa, TO eCTb Te ~HH, Kor~a KopoAb npWirunaeTCH. 8TH «npaBe~Hbie ~HH» - Mhl y)Ke ynOMHHaAH 06 9TOM - ~AH KOpOAH HBAHIOTC.R: y~o6HhiM CAyqaeM, 'IT06bi 06'hHBHTb 0 HOBhiX H36paHHHKax Ha uepKOBHbie 6eHecpHUHH. 8TH ~HH B OCHOBHOM npOXO~HAH Ta.K:

470

fAABAXX

Hcnosetth, np11cyrcnme Ha seqepHe, ttAHTeAhHaJI 6ecetta c HcnosettHm<OM, 3aTeM Mecca, npm<aCaHHe K CTpynbRM 30AO'fYlllHbiX, OnRTh seqepHR H nponosetth. PacnpetteAeHHe 6eHecpmuieB npettHa3Ha'IeHo ,.!tAR 9AHTbl , npHKOCHOBeHHe K 60AbHbiM - HCKAJO'IHTeAhHO ,.!tAR Hapo,lta. KopoAb HHKOrtta He )'KAOHReTCR oT aToro peAHrH03Horo H KopoAescKoro ttoMa. Kortta OH nAoxo ce6.s~ qyscrsyeT, OH npHKacaeTcR AHlllb K HeCKOAbKHM ,lteCRTKaM 60AhHhiX; B 06bNHbie ,ltHH, KOrtta OH 3ttopos, OH npHHHMaeT tto ttsyx ThiCR'I 30AO'fYlllHhiX. MapKH3 tte Cypm, KOTOpbiH 3anHChiBaeT O'IeHb TIUaTeAbHO see nottpo6HoCTH 9THX MeponpH.HTHH, paCCKa3biBaeT 0 TOM, C KaKOH cocpettOTO'IeHHOCTb!O, c KaKHM MHAOcepttHeM AlottOBHK XIV OTliOCHTCR K aToii T.sJ)KeAOH 3a,£ta'!e. IlpolllAo TpHCTa AeT. 11Hortta Mhi tteAaeM HecKOAhKO nocnelllHhm BbiBO,lt, 'ITO KOpOAb HaxO,ltHACR noAHOCTb!O BO BAaCTH CBOeH MeHTeHOH H csoero ttyxosHHKa tte Aame3a, 'ITO KopoAb - xaH)Ka, npH.ltaiOumH CAHlllKOM 60AhlllOe 3Ha'IeHHe o6pRttHOCTH, BMeCTO TOro 'IT06bi OCTaTbCR Ha no3Hllllli 30AOTOH cepeAHHhi. Ha CaMOM tteAe Alottosm< XIV HHKOrtta OT Hee He OTCTynaA. fOBOpHAH, 'ITO OH BBeA npH ,ltBOpe nop.HAOK HpascrseHHOH CKOBaHHOCTH. A oH sseA pa3YMHbm pacnopRttOK. Bhrcma.s~ 3HaTh He cpa3y CTaAa Ha6o)KHOH H csRToii. Ma.z:taM AOCTaTO'IHO 06 9TOM paCCKa3biBaeT, OHa )Ke O,ltHOBpeMeHHO COKpymaeTC.H KaK no nOBOtty XaH)KeCTBa, KOTOpoe B MOtte B TO speMR, TaK H no nOBOAY TOrO, 'ITO CO,ltOMHR nOAyq:HAa CAHlllKOM 60AblllOe pacnpOCTpaHeHHe. Alottosm< XIV pa36ymesaAc.s~ OAH~hi, s 1682 rotty, H HaKa3aA MoAOAhiX npnsep)KeHUeB 9TOro pacnpoCTpaHeHHoro no ry cropoey AAhn nopoKa. 9To He 6hiAH KaKHe-TO npOXO,ltHMUbi, cpettH HHX 6hiAH npettCTaBHTeAH TaKHX cpaMHAHii, KaK AOTapHHrcKHe, EyiioHhi - see APY3hR 97 MoHceHhopa • B OCHOBHOM nx KOpHAH 3a TO, 'ITO OHH nhiTaAHCh «cospaTHTh» tteTeii Ero BeAH'Iecrsa. Bnpo'IeM, HaKa3aHHe He 6hiAO CAHlllKOM CTpOrnM; npocroe y ttaAeHHe H3 BepcaA.H Ha HeCKOAhKO Mec.s~ ues. HaKoHeu, HMO HanoMHHTb, 'ITO HpascrseHHaR H3spameHHOCTb repuora BaHAOMcKoro He noMemaAa eMY nOAb30BaThCR pacnoAo)KeHHeM KOpOAR H CaMbiMH 60AblllHMH ITO'IeCTRMH. A!OttoBHK XIV noKa3aA ry )Ke YMepeHHOCTb s OTliomeHHH cneKTaKAeii. MattaM tte MeHTeHOH n XaH)KH scex KAaHOB, o6'heAHHHBlllHCh, opraHH30BaAH KpeCTOBbiH ITOXOA npOTHB TeaTpOB H 6aAeTOB npn ttsope, nonpocHAH KopoAR, 'IT06hi OH 3anpeTliA nx. MoHapx )Ke pelllHA, 'ITO OH He 6ytteT nocemaTb HX O'IeHb '!aCTO, HO OTKa3aACR 3anpeTHTb npettcrasAeHHR tta~~<e s csonx ttsopuax. Kortte IKe MapKn3a HAH KaKa.H-HH6ytth Apyra.H BbiCOKOHpaBCTBeHHaR oco6a Ha,ltaBAHBaAH Ha Hero, 'IT06br oH ChtrpaA poAh CasoHapoAhi, oH oTBe'IaA, 'ITO ero 6Aaro'IeCTHBaR MarymKa AHHa AsCTpHHCKaR, o KOTopoii OH AO cnx nop CKop6m, scertta AI06HAa reaTp H He YTpaTliAa OT 9Toro cson tto6pottereAn; OHa tt~e nocoseTosaAacb c AOKTOpaMH Cop6oHHhi n noAyqHAa Hx corAacne. A!OttoBm< XIV 6hiA ottep)KHM MbiCAb!O o cnaceHHH AymH - 3ttech MattaM tte MeHTeHoH He ourn6Aacb n s HeKoTopoM oTHomeHHH tto-

HAEO)l(HOCTh KOPONI

47 1

CTHrAa csoero, - HO KopoAh He norneA Ha KpaifHHe Mepbi. l1Hor.a:a yrsep)Ktl:aJOT, 'ITO OH XOTel\ paCKrurrbC.R: B TOM, 'ITO rpernHA npHHapo,a:HO, HO .a:o 1691 ro.a:a OH eme .a:ep)KHT MapKH3Y .a:e MoHTecnaH npH .a:sope H ,a:Ba)Ktl:bi npe.a:ocraBJ\.R:eT HX sHe6pa'llibiM ,a:eTHM noBbtrneHHe s paHre (s 1694 H s 1714 ro.a:ax), Bbi3sasrnee 3aBHCTb H C'IHTaBrneec.sr AHrneHHbiM npHJ\H<{H.R:. OH YMeeT HaCTaHBaTb Ha csoeM, ,a:a)Ke Ae)Ka Ha cMeprnoM o.a:pe. OH socXHmaeTc.sr YMOM H Ha6o:>KHOCTbiO MapKH3bi .a:e MeHTeHOH, HO He scer.a:a pa3.a;eAHeT ee pseHHe. OH CAyrnaeT OTU.OB .a:e Aarne3a H AeTeAbe, HO He scer.a:a CAe,a:yeT HX HaCTOH'IHBbiM, a HHOr,a:a H HeCBOeBpeMeHHbiM COBeTaM. Y Hero 6biAO CHJ\bHO pa3BHTO 3tl:paBOMbiCJ\He - TaKOe )f(e, KaK y feHpHxa IV,- oHo 3amHmaeT AIO.a;oBHKa XIV OT BCHKoro po.a:a nep ern6os, nypHTaHCTBa H cyesepH.R:. HH<~ero He H3MeHHAOCh c roro MaHCKoro .a;HH 1682 ro.a:a, Kor.a:a oH o6paTHAc.sr K KopoAese, MapHHTepe3HH, cynpyre MoHceHhopa, K OTll.Y H chmy BHAbpya, repu.ory .a:e lllapo, K KpeKH H K HeKoTophiM .a:pyrHM c npocb6oH: nepecraTb npHnHchmaTb mesy BceMorymero (TaK KaK focno,a:h o.a:o6p.sreT ral\J\HKaHCKyiO ,a:eKAapau.HIO qeTbtpex fiOJ\O)f(eHHH) He60J\blliOe 3eMAeTp.R:CeHHe, 97 npoHcrne.a:rnee He.a;aBHO so <l:>paHU.HH • ToT )f(e 3tl:paBhm CMhiCA npoHBHT KOpOAh H Eocc10a B sonpoce KBHeTH3Ma. KopoAh H AyqrnHH: 6orocAOB KopoAeBCTBa He crpeMHTc.sr fiOKOH'IHTb C MHCTHU.H3MOM. 0HH fiOKa)KYT KpaHHIOIO HeOCTOpO)f(HOCTb <l>eHeAOHa, onaCHOCTb Byl\brapH3au.HH {KaK 6hll\O B CAyqae C Ma,a:aM fHifoH) peAHrHH BHe ti:OrMaTOB, 6e3YMHH TeX, KTO npHrAarnaeT Ha CnHpHTH<ieCKHe CeaHCbl BbiCOKOH cryneHH 60J\blliOe KOAH'IeCTBO Heno.a:roTOBAeHHbiX H HHKeM He PYKOBO.ll:HMbiX ,a:eTeH:. .IK.al\b, 'ITO B sonpocax o peAHrH03HOM nAIOpaAH3Me AIO,a:oBHK XIV He npo.a:o}\)f(al\ TaK)f(e 3aHHMaTb no3HU.HIO 30.1\0TOH cepe,a:HHbi. Ho y KopoAH 6hll\a O<ieHb He60J\bllia.R: B03M0)KH0CTb MaHeBpHpOBaHrut B npoTeCTaHTCKOM sonpoce. Mbt 3To ceH:<iac ysH.a:HM.

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PEJ\.HrH03HOE EAHHCTBO, II.AQHOHAALHOE EAHHCTBO YcepaHe s mrrepecax focnoaa H HcnoseaosaHWt HC· THHHOH sepbt - AHIIll> TOAbKO <rro, Bawe BeAJNeCTBo, OCBJIIIlaeT KOpOAeH.

Eypdtuy ~parym,x aa He.lleAIO o6pawaAH B ro spewt B KaTOAlf'{eCTBo 60AbWe npOTeCTa.HTOB, '!eM MHCCHOHepbl 3a ueAb!H roa ... 8-ror cnoco6 o6paweHHR 6b!A HecKOAbKO HOBbiM, HO OH npOJlOA)KaA ,llaBan. XOpOWHe pe3yAlr TaTbl.

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A10ooeur; XIV TioCAe no~rmca.HIDI HHMBereHcKoro MHpa Aio~oBHK XIV ~ocnrr TaKOBO sceo6mee MH€HHe BO <t>paHI..(HH H B Espone - BepliiHHbl CBO€H CAaBbl. Bo «Bceo6meM CAosape» MO)f(HO npo'lleCTb: «KopoAb <t>paH· UHH SJBNieTc.sr ap6mpoM B ~eAax MHpa H BOHHbi», «KopoAh <l'paHUHH SIBNieTCSI CaMbiM MOI")'U(eCTBeHHbiM MOHapXOM xpHCTHaHCKOrO MHpa», «esponeHI.l,bl C'lJ:Ifl'aJOT KOpONI <t>pa.HUHH CaMbiM B€AHKHM H CaMbiM MorymeCTBeHHhiM KopoAeM Esponhi. Ero Ha3biBaroT HaHXpHCTHaH· HeiirnHM KopoAeM. KopoAh Aio~oBHK XIV - caMhrn seAHKHii KopoAh, 42 KaKOH TOAhKO 6hiA co speMeH ycraHOBAeHH.sJ MOHapXHH» • Ho ~aJI<e 9TH C€HTeHUHH ll03BONIIOT npe~CTaBHTb ce6e BCIO rAyfiHny peAHrH03HOrO H llOAHTH'lJ:€CI<OrO KpH3HCa, KOTOpbiH OXBaTHT BOCb~€CSITbl€ ro~bi XVII CTOAeTHSJ. B caMOM ~eAe, ~sa BAacreAHHa Esponbi He npHHHMaiOT KaK ycraHOBAeHH}'IO HCTHHY 3TO npesocxo~CTBO HaHXpHCTHaHHeiirnero KOpoNI - HMnepaTop H Tiana. Tiana ocnapH· BaeT 3TO llOA0)f(€HHe: OH CTaBHT B ynpeK q>paHUY3CKHM MHHHCTpaM HX nollhiTKH, npe~npHHHMaeMbie c 1614 ro~a, npespaTHTb ~ero o6

PEAlfl1103HOE E,liHHCfBO, HAUHOHAAhHOE E,liHHCfBO

473

a6COAIOTHOH He3aBHCHMOCTH KOpONI OT IIanCTBa B OCHOBHOH 3aKOH, B KOHCTIIT)'UHOHHt:.m rrpHHUHII. 8THM ITarroif jlBNieTCH c 1676 ro~a lfuHOKeHTHH XI. OH He corAawaeTC.ll c TeM, 'ITO Aro~OBHK XIV pacwupHA CBOH IIpHBHAernH, CB.ll3aHHhie C pera.AWIMH; CBOHM 6peBe OT 1678 ro~a OH HaM rrpe~IIHChiBaeT OTMeHHTh KOpOAeBCKHe TeKCThi, OTHOCID.UHeC.ll K peraAHH, HeiiOMepHO pacwHpeHHOH B IIOAh3Y KOpONI <l>paHUHHI31. HTaK, Bee y:~Ke roTOBo, 'IT06t:.I rroAO)f(HTh KOHeu IJ;epKoBHOMY MHpy, KOTOpt:.m II03BOAHA B Te'-leHHe O~HHH~UaTH AeT CIIOKOHHO ~hi maTh IIpOTeCTaHTaM, orry6AHKOBaTh CBOH rrpeKpaCHhie KHHrH asryCTHHUaM, II03BOAHA ~OCTHrnyTh cBoero arrore.a KmrrppecpopMe B rrepe~oBon crpaHe, r~e eCTh caMI:.Ie spy~npoBaHHt:.Ie rrpeAaThi (KaK ITcmHifoH, eiiHcKorr ropo~a AAe), caMI:.Ie CBHThie MOHawKH (KaK 6eHe~HKTHHKH H3 <l>apMYTbe-aH-DpH), CaMhie o6pa30BaHHhi e ~yxOBHhie AHua (KaK Ma6HifoH, MOHax B CeH-)KepMeH-~e-ITpe), caMoe rrpocBemeHHoe ~yxoBeHCTBo (BoAhTep B «BeKe Aro~oBHKa XIV» BIIHWeT B CIIHCOK CaMhiX BhmaiOll.lHXC.ll AHTepaTOpOB 65 ~yxOBHhiX AHU), CaMhie rro~KOBaHHhie 6oroCAOBhi (Eoccros, ApHo), caMI:.Ie 6AeCTHll.lHe xpncTHaHCKHe cpHAococpt:.t (ero rrperro~o6He oreu ~e MaAI:.6paHw H3 op~eHa oparopHaHUeB) H B KOTOpOH, O~HaKO, IIpOTeCTaHTH3M He MO:IKeT paaBHBaThC.ll B rroAHon Mepe. BMeCTO Toro 'IT06t:.I HrHopnpoBaTh rrpoBOKaUHH llHHoKeHTHH XI, IIO~~ep:~KHBaTh peAHrn03Hhm MHp, KOTOpt:.m rrpeBpaTHA 6t:.I BOHHy HeayHTOB rrpOTHB opaTopnaHUeB B MHFHYIO ~ysAh B o6AaCTH KpacHope'-IH.ll, IIe~arorHKH, HaYK"; BMeCTO TOro 'IT06hi II03BOAHTh Me~AeHHO yracaTh cppaHUyacKOMY IIpOTecraHTH3MY, o6paa MDIWAeHHH KOToporo 60AhWe He o6HOBAHAC.ll H "<JAeHhi KOTOporo 6t:.IAH 6t:.I paHO HAH II03~HO IIpHTmJ:yl'hl MOll.lHhiM MarHHTOM TOr~awHero KaTOAHUH3Ma, KOpOAh 3axOTeA IIO~MeHHTh HeHa6e:~KHYffi, HO MeMeHHYIO 9BOAIOUHIO CBOeH BOAeH, 3axOTeA yrrpaBNITh co6t:.J:TIDIMH. 3a CTOAKHOBeHHH Aro~OBH Ka XIV c ITarroif rroiiAaTHTc.ll, B KOHUe KOHUOB, HHCeHHaM; rrpecAe~oBa HHe IIpOTeCTaHTOB 6y~eT CAMCTBHeM HapyweHH.a peAHrn03HOrO MHpa. Me~y ~BYMH MOAe6HaMH, KOTOpt:.te o6'hliBNIAHCh KOAOKOAhHhiM aBoHOM Bo HMH CAaBHOro HHMBereHcKoro MHpa, TOHKHe Ha6AIO~aTeAH rro~MeTHT HeCKOAhKO TPeBO)f(HhiX cpaKTOB: KopoAeBcKoe 3aHBAeHHe, HarrpaBAeHHOe IIpOTHB epeTHKOB H OTcryrrHHKOB H CB~eTeAhCTBo BaBWee 0 rrpo6~eHHH aHTHilpOTeCTaHTCKOH BP.~t:.I; KOH'IHH)' rep96 UOrHHH ~e AoHrBHAh, STOH «Marepn IJ;epKBH.» , 3a.lUHTHHUhi IIopPoHNI (15 arrpeNI 1679 ro~a); HOBoe 6peBe HHHoKeHTHH XI o peAHrHH; HaKOHeu, paa:IKaAOBaHHe ApHo ~e I1oMIIOHHa (18 Ho.ll6p.a), rrpMCTaBA.liiOll.lero rrapTHIO aBryCTHHUeB B COBeTe KOpONI. Aro~OBHK He MOr, KOHe'-IHO, IIpO"<JHTaTh CAOBapt:. <l>ropenepa OT KOpKH ~0 KOpKH, HO eMY y:~Ke ~OKA~hiBaAH H He rrpeKpawaAH rroBTOpHTh, 'ITO OH .aBNieTc.a «ap6HTPOM B ~eAax MHpa H BOHHhi», «CaMhiM MOryllleCTBeHHhiM KOpOAeM XpHCTHaHCKOro MHpa» H ~a:IKe 'ITO «OH CaMhru BeAHKHif KOpOAh, KOTOphm KOr~a-AH60 6t:.IA CO BpeMeH ycraHOBAeHHH MOHapXHH». H KaK MorAo 6t:.ITh, 'ITO B TO BpeMH,

474

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483

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484

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Kapmi. l16o OTMeHa HaHTcKoro a~HKTa 6hiAa cKopee peAHrn03HOH Mepoif, 'leM llOAHTH'leCKOH, HO B TO )Ke CaMOe BpeMR Mepoif, npHHHTOH B yro~y Hapo~y.

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OTMeHa Bbi3BaAa y cppaHUY3CKHX KaTOAHKOB. Y HHHUHaTOpOB 3~HKTa <f>oHTeH6Ao, KOpONI H ero MHHHCTPOB, ysepeHHhiX B TOM, 'ITO BceBhiWHHH Hx 6AarOCAOBHA, He 6biAO ~a)Ke yrpbi3eHHif coBeCTH. 16 OKTH6pH Aio~oBHK XIV ocBo6o~HAcH OT noCAe~HHX CBOHX KOAe6aHHif. «51 B03HOUiy XBaAy focno~y,- nHCaA OH Ero IIpeocBJIUJ,eHCTBY ~e ApAe, - 3a TO, 'ITO B fpeHo6Ae B 3TH noCAe~HHe ~HH TaK MHoro ~ocroifHhiX AIO~eif OTPeKAHcb OT npOTecraHTH3Ma; HX CHMBOA Bep~>x, corAacHo Tp~eHTCKOMY co6opy, cHHMaeT BCe COMHeHHH, KOTOpbie MOr 6bi 3apOHHTb aKT o6paw.eHHH B KaTOAH'!eCTB0»179. A 7 HOH6pH Aio~oBHK nHcaA TOMY )Ke ~e ApAe: «51 y6e)K~eH, 'ITO focno~b npHcoBoKynHT K cBoeif CAaBe TOT TPY~• Ha KOTOpbm OH MeHH B~OXHOBHA». IIo~roTOBKa OTMeHbi HaHTcKoro a~HKTa 6hiAa noCAe~HHM TPY~OM H noCAe~HeH p~OCTbiO KaHUAepa MHmeNI AeTeAbe. «focno~h npe~Ha3Ha'IHA eMY,- 3anHmeT ~NI Hac Eocc10a, 3aBepWHTb BeAHKOe ~eAO Hameif peAHnrn; H, CKpenNIH CBOeH llO~nH ChiO 3HaMeHHThrH aKT o6 OTMeHe HaHTcKoro a~HKTa, OH cKa3aA, 'ITO noCAe aToro TOp)KeCTBa Bepbi H TaKoro npeKpacHor o naMHTHHKa Ha6o)KHOCTH KopoNI OH MO)KeT YMepeTh cno~oHH0» 14 . ,ll;o caMoro KOHua uapCTBOBaHHH, B Te'leHHe TP~UaTH AeT, ~yxo BeHCTBO BCe BpeMR 6y~eT BhiKa3hffiaTh y~OBAeTBopeHHe, HCllOAHeHHOe Bocropra. «Bo Bcex nponoBe~HX, - 3anHmeT B 1700 ro~y M~aM npHHUecca llcpaAbUCKaH, - KOpOAb CHAhHO BOCXBaNieTCJI 3a TO, 'ITO OH npeCAe~oBaA 6e~HhiX npOTeCTaHTOB». B rAa3ax Eocc10a Aio~o BHK XIV - 3To HOBbrH KoHCTaHTHH, HOBhm <t>eo~ocHH BeAHKHH HAH HOBhm KapA BeAHKHif. EM)' MO)KHO npHnHcaTh TO, 'ITO Bee 630 OTUOB XaAK~OHCKOro co6opa (451 r .) CKa3aAH HMnepaTopy MapKHaHy: «Bhl YKPenHAH Bepy, Bhi YHH'ITO)KHAH epeTHKoB: 31'0 ~oCTOHHOe ~eAo, coBepwemwe B Bame uapCTBoBaHHe, 3TO xapa~crepHaH H onpe~e NIIOIUaH qepTa aToro nepHo~a. EAaro~apH BaM HeT 6oAbme epecH: o~HH AHWh focno~h Mor coBepWHTb aTo 'IY~o. D;apb He6ecHhm, coxpaHH uapH 3eMHoro - 3TO )KeAaHHe Bcex uepKBeH, 3TO )KeAaHHe Bcex enHCKOUOB». Eyp~aAY C'IHTaeT, 'ITO a~HKT <l>oHTeH6Ao CTaBHT Aio~oBHKa XIV Bhlme Bcex ero npe~meCTBeHHHKOB; OTMeHa HaHTcKoro a~HKTa BeH'laeT Bee 3aMe'IaTeAhHhie ~eAa KopoNI, KOTOpOM)' 6biAO npe~Ha'Iep TaHo COBepWHTh HX. B KOHUe CBOeH nponoBe~H, npOH3HeCeHHOH npH ~Bope B npa3~HHK Bcex CBHTbiX B 1686 ro~y, 3TOT Macrep uepKOBHoro KpacHope'lHH BocKAHuaeT: «51 roBopiO c KopoAeM, oco6bm xapaK-

PE.I\.HI1i03HOE F.,lUiHCI'BO, HAIUfOHAAhHOE F.,lUiHCI'BO

485

Tep KOTOporo 3aKAIO'IaeTC.sl S TOM, 'ITO OH cyMe.ll. c~eAaTh ~.ll..sl ce6.s1 see S03MO)KHbiM H ~a)Ke Aei'KO ~OCTIDKHMLIM, KOr~a H)0KHO 6bl.II.O SbiDO.II.WITb KaKHe-To <L"<Thi HAH TPY~HThc.s~ so e.~~.asy Kopom,x, so e.~~.asy csoeii peAHrnH. R paarosapHBa.IO c KopoAeM, KOTOpbiH, 'IT06bx no6e~HTh sparos rocy~apcrsa, cosepWHA qy~eca xpa6poCTH, s KOTOpbxe He nosepHT OOTOMKH, OOTOM)' 'ITO OHM 60.1\.bllie OOXO::IKH Ha npas~y, He::IKeAH npas~ono~o6m,x, H 9TOT Kopo.ll.h coseprnaeT qy~eca ycep~IDI, 'IT06bi O~ep::IKaTb no6e~y H~ Bpara.MH l'(epKBH, OHM HaCTO.II.bKO npeSOCXO~HT see HarnH O::IK~a.HIDI, 'ITO B HHX e~sa sepHTc.s~. R paarosapHBa.IO C KOpOAeM, ~aHHbiM H H36paHHbiM focnO~OM ~ TaKHX ~e.11., 0 KOTOpbiX ero KOpOAeBCKHe npe~KH ~a)Ke He OCMe.II.HBaAHCb noMbllli.ll..siTb, OOTOM)' 'ITO OH e~HHCTBeHHbiH O~HOSpeMeHHO 6bl.ll. HHHUHaTOpOM H HCOO.II.HHTe.ll.eM 9TOro. 8To ycep~He SO HM.sl f OCno~a H so HM.sl Hacromuero CAy::~KeHWI EMy, Barne Be.II.H'Iecrso, 9TO ycep~He ocsmuaeT KopoAeii H ~o.II.)I(Ho seH'!aTh Barne CAasHoe uapcrsoBaHHe»16. IIepenHcKa MapKH3bi ~e CesHHbe H EIOccH-Pa6IOTeHa .11.yqrne scero OOKa3bmaeT, KaK ~OSO.II.bHa 6hiAa ny6AHKa. «Bhl, KOHe'IHO, B~e.II.H, nHCaAa MapKH3a 28 OKT.s16p.s1 1685 ro~a, - 3~HKT, KOTOpbiM KOpo.ll.b OTMeH.sleT Ha.HTcKHii a~HKT. HeT HH'!ero Ayqrne Toro, 'ITO TaM HanHcaHo: «HHKor~a lDIKaKOH Kopo.ll.b He cosepWHA H He coseprnHT HH'Iero 6o.11.ee naMHTHoro». E10ccH npeB3orneA ee B socxsaAeHHH, oueHMsa.s~ co6biTHe BO speMeHM, OH KaK 6hi paccMaTPHBaeT ero He c TaKTHqecKoH, a co CTPaTerH'!ecKoH TO'IKH 3peHWI. «R SOCXHIUa.IOcb, - r oBOpHT OH, - ~eHCTBWIMH KOpO.II..sl, HanpasAeHHbiMH Ha pa3rpOM ryreHOTOB. BoHHI>x, KOTOpbxe se.II.Hcb Kor~a-To npoTHB HHX, H BapcpoAoMeescKa.s~ HO'Ih ycMAHAH H yse.II.H'IHAH 3'I'Y ceKry. Ero Be.II.H'IeCTBo MaAo-nOMaAY no~O'IH.II. 3'J'Y CeKry, a 3~, KOTOpbxH OH TO.II.bKO 'ITO HMaA, no~~ep::~KaHHblli ~paryHa.MH H TaKHMH, KaK Eyp~a.~~.y (sic TaK), 6bl.ll. COKpyrna.IOIUHM y~apOM» 96 . 11 He H~O npHBO~HTb B Ka'IeCTBe B03pa)KeHWI, 'ITO 3TH .II.IO~H ~Bopme H npMCTas.ll..siiOT MHeHHe orpaHH'IeHHoro Kpyra. l.JeM 6.1\.H::~Ke K CAOJIM Hapo~HbiM, TeM 'IeT'Ie s~Ha p~oCTb KaToAHKoB. B IIapH::IKe, ropo~e AHrn, OTMeHa Ha.HTcKoro a~HKTa no~WI.II.a qpe3SbNaHHO HecKO.II.bKO noMepKrnyiO nony.~~..s~pHoCTb Kopo.~~..s~. HHKor~a STO TaK He qyscrsosaAocb, KaK 30 .s!HBap.s~ 1687 ro~a. «Kopo.ll.b, - nosecrsyeT a66aT IJlyaaH, - ~OCTHr seplliHHbl C.ll.aBbl 'IeAOBe'IeCKOH, KOr~a npHrneA Ha o6e~ B paryrny noc.11.e 6oAe3HM: OH ys~e.11., 'ITO Hapo~ ero AI06HT; HHKOr~a exue He 6bl.II.O BbiKa3aHO CTO.II.bKO p~oCTH, npHBeTCTBeHHbiM so3r.11.acaM He 6hiAO KOHUa. OH Haxo~HAc.s~ B csoeii KapeTe c MoHcem,opoM H c ~P~ 'I.II.eHa.MH KopoAeBCKOH ceMhH. CTo ThiC.si'I rO.II.OCOB KpH'IaAH: ,l(a 3~pascrsyeT KOpo.ll.b!"» B KO.II..II.e::IKax op~eHa He3YlfTOB - OT HHX HMCKO.II.bKO He OTCTaBa.II.H KOHKypeHThi - 3~HKT <l>OHTeH6AO CTa./1. npa3~JDIKOM C cpeifepBepKaMH, TeaTPa.ll.bHbiMH npe~crasAeHHJIMH, c nap~a.MH H KaBa.ll.bK~a.MH. B IIapH::IKe, Ha yAHUe CeH-)KaK, B Ko.ll..ll.e::IKe Aio~oBHKa BeAHKoroHa3BaHHe 06.sl3bffiaeT - npOC.II.aB.II..siiOT 9TO C06biTHe, SbiCTaBHB O~HH-

486

fAABAXXI

Ha,zu~aTb KapTHH, nocsm.ueHHblX Ero BeAW~eCTBy

(Ludovico Magno-

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IfcKycCTBO H AIITepaTYPa COCT.R:3a.JOTCH B B03HeceHHH XBal\.bi: cKyl\.bmOpbi (KaK, HanpHMep, KyaaesoKc), KOMn031ITOpbi , rpaBepbi COnepHH''IaJOT, C03~aBa.R: CBOH npOH3Be~eHIDI, "'T06bl OTMeTHTb BHOBb o6pereHHoe xpHCTHaHCKoe e~HHCTBO. KTo 6bi Mor B 3TO nosepliTb? o~rreHel\.b noAyqaer OT aK~eMHH no3TH'IecKyro npeMHIO. 3~ecb paarpOMAeHHbiH Kal\.bBHHH3M npe~CTaBAeH «3~yrneHHOH ~pOH»; TaM «Ano/\./\.OH no6e~aer II~rroHa». )KaH ~e Aa6ptoiiep socXBa.NieT KOpO/\..R: 3a TO, "'TO OH H3ffiaA H3 <l>paHUHH «/\.O)KHYIO no~o3piiTel\.bHYIO peAHrHIO, spCl)K~e6HYIO ~l\..R: CYBepeHHOCTH», 3a TO, <rro OH ~oseA ~o KOHua npoeKT Kap~HHaAa PHrnel\.be o «BbiTeCHeHHH epecH» (1691). If TYT K~OMY Ha naMHTb npHXO~IIT npoAor PacHHa H3 «ScqmpH»

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BoiicKa KOaAHUHli He AHIIIeHbi ~OCTOHHcrn. AlirAH'IaHe MaAO'IHCAeHHbi, Ho omr xoporno ~epyrc.R:. HMnepLU>I 3aKaAHAHCb B 6opb6e c rypKaMH. HeHaBHCTbiO K <l>paHUHH ~BH:lKHMhi HcnaHUhi, roAA~Uhl, co~aTbi AOTapHHI'HH H ITcj:>a.l\.bua, ryreHOTbi (KaK llloM6epr), OKa3hisaromHe llOMOIUb sparaM CBOeH 6bmiiieH po~HHbl. Ka.:lK.z:ta.R: H3 9THX apMHii nepeH.R:Aa B 6oAhrneii HAH MeHhrneii creneHH, 6oAee HAH MeHee 6biCTpO TeXHH'JeCKHe ~OCTH:lKeHH.R: cppaHUY30B, BBe~eHHbie B apMHIO ceMeHm,IM KAaHOM Ae-reAhe ~e Aysya. Ho 9TO 6h1Aa KOaAHUWI, ~o CTOHHa.R: crpoHTeAeii BasHAOHCKOH 6arnHH: see Haumr, see .R:3hiKH, see peAHfHH coe~HHHAHCb B HeH, He HMe.R:, O~HaKO, ~OCTaTO'IHbiX npH'IHH, 'IT06bi B3aHMO~eHCI'BOBaTb B TaKTH'IeCKOM nAaHe H 'JT06bl no6paTCKH 06'be~HHHTbC.R: Ha llO'IBe 06IUHX qyscrn, B033peHHH H BOeHHbiX ueAeii. HaKoHeu, KOaAHUHOHHoe KOM~OBaHHe 6hiAO HaMHoro MeHee KOMneTeHTHbiM H HaMHOfO MeHee 9cj:>cpeKTHBHO ~eHCI'BOBaAO, '!eM KOM~OBaHHe cj:>paHUy3cKoro KopoA.R:. AIO~BHr-BHAhreAhM Ea~eHCKHH ~aAeKo He MoHTeKYKKOAH; basapcKHH Kypcj:>ropcr - TeM 6oAee. Ho He TaKOB 6biA BHAhre.l\.bM lll, oH qacro TepneA nopa:lKeHH.R:, HO 6biA onaceH CBOeH HeyeMHOH HeHaBHCTbiO H HeHMOBepHbiM ynopcrnoM. &mrcrneHHbiM o~apeHHbiM noAKoBo~ueM B Aarepe HMnepues 6biA repuor AoTapHHrCKHH, OH :lKe KapA V; a OH YMHPaeT 18 anpeA.R: 1690 ro~a (s MapAH 9Ta HOBOCTb npHXO~HT AHUib 1 Ma.R:26). HeAHrnHe ynoM.R:Hyrb o6 9THX no~po6HOCT.R:X B CB.R:3H c TeM, 'ITO KopoA.R: <l>paHUHH npmurro ynpeKaTb B TOM, 'ITO OH ~eT Ha nposoKaUHH, coseprnae-r HeocropmKHhie rnarH, se~e-r HeHY:lKHhie BOHHbi. Bpa:lKecKoii re-reporeHHoCTH B 1689 ro~y npOTHBonocrasA.R:eTC.R: cj:>paHUy3cKoe e~HHcrno. 3~ecb MOHapx PYKOBO~HT seeM e~HHOAH'IHo, eM)' mrKTo He npOTHBope'IHT, eM)' 6e3ponorno noBHHYeTc.R: HauiDI, OC03HaiOIUa.R: onaCHOCTb H fOTOBa.R: Hanp.R:'Ib Bee CHAbi, «'IT06bi Bbm:ecTH soeHHOe H cj:>mraHcosoe 6peM.R:»271 • KopoAh coe~HH.R:eT B csoHx PYKax ~HnAoMaTH'JecKyro, noAHTH'IecKyro, crpaTefH'IeCKYJO H Ta.KTHqecKyro BAaCTb. OH mror~a oiiiH6ae-rcJI, HO eM)' scer~a 6ecnpeKOCAOBHO llO~'IHHJiiOTC.R:, H OH llO'ITH BCer~a HaMe'laeT H onpe~eA.R:eT ~eiicrneHHYJO reHepaAbHYJO AHHHIO. B Ha'laAe BOHHbi OH onHpaeTc.R: Ha ~syx HCKAIO'IHTeAhHO KOMlleTeHTHbiX ~eJITeAeii: Ha Aysya, opraHH3aTopa no6e~ Ha cyme, H Ha CeHbeAe, KOTOpbm He TOAbKO J>YKOBO~HT cpAOTOM, HO H AI06HT ero «BCeM cep~UeM H rop~HTC.R: HM» . CeHbeAe YMPeT B 1690 ro~y. a Aysya- B 1691 ro~y, HO MopcKHe coe~HHeHIDI H cyxOnyrHhie llOAKH, KOTOpbie OHH BhmeCTOBaAH, He nOTepJIIOT CBQHX ~OCTOHHCI'B llOTOM)', 'ITO CMeHHAHCb MHHHCTpbl. KpoMe KopoA.R: H ero rocy~apcrneHHhiX ceKpe-rapeii eCTb eme cneUHaAHCTbi, HrpaiOIUHe pernaromyro poAb: so cj:>AOTe eCTb EoHpeno, 6oAhrne ~MHHHCTpaTop, <~eM TaKTHK; Ha cyme - MapKH3 ~e lliaMAe, o~HH H3 CaMbiX HCKYCHbiX COTPY~HHKOB AIO~oBHKa XIV. KoM~o BaHHe Ha BhiCOTe B TO speMJI: TypsHAb, BHUe-~MHpaA, noCAe rn6eAH PIOifTepa H OTCTaBKH ~KeHa CAbffieT AY'JIIIHM MOpCKHM KOM~H pOM csoero speMemr. ,ll;'8crpe<bm: ~a:lKe npeB3orneA csoero OTUa B MOpCKOM ~eAe. lliaTopeHO - BeCbMa «y~a'IAHBbiH» BOeHHbiH Ha'la.l\.b-

501 HHK. E.me eCTb MHOrO KOMa.H,Z:(HpOB 3CKa.ztp H KamiTa.HOB nepBoro pa.Hra, KOTOpbte npOHBHAH ce6.H HcKycHbiMH MOpeiiAa.BaTeNIMH H cMeAbiMH MOp.HKaMH, He roBOp.H )"Ke o6 OTB(l)f(HbiX KOpcapax, KOTOpbiX CaM XO,lt BOmi 3aCTa.BHT BbriiTH Ha 6oH H3 TOprOBbiX nOpTOB. Y cyXOnyTiil>IX BOHCK eCTb CBoH 6oAhwoii noAKoBo,neu - MapwaA repuor AxoKceM6yprcKHii, cnottBIDKHHK ,ne KoUAe, H TPH ero BeAHKOAeiiHbiX noMOIUHHKa: MapwaA ,ne Aop:a< (IIAeM.HHHHK H BOCriHTa.HHHK ,ne TIOpeHHa), TepneAHBbrn KaTHHa H xpa6pbrn ,ne EycpcpAep, Bo6a.H, 6oAbwoii cneUHaAHCT no oca.zte ropo,noB; a B 9TO BpeM.H 6y.n)'lllHe r Aa.BHoKOMaHAytOIUHe HCnaHcKoH KaMnaHHeH - BaHAoMCKHH H BHAAap BcKope 6y.nJT no3Ha.BaTb BOeHHytO HaJKy. T.HroTbx Bomx HHCKOAbKo He YMeHbwaror noAHTII'IecKyro aKTHBHOCTb KOpoAeBCTBa B EBpone. Axo,noBHK XIV BetteT cso10 nponaraHAy, paa,naeT cy6cHAHH, noMep)KHBaeT Taiiuo coJ03bi, co3,na.BaeMbxe AA.H Ha.HeceHH.H y.napoB npOTHBHHKY c TbiAa: HerAaCHbxH co103 c TypUHeH, C0l03 C BeHrepCKHMH «He,ltOBOAbHbiMH.» (HanOAOBHHJ HerAacHbiH, HO B TO :a<e BpeM.H OCAa6eBWHii), so rAase KOTOpbxx CTOAA TeKeAH. TaK :a<e, KaK BO BpeM.H fOAAa.H,Z:(CKOH BOmi, KOpOAb <l>pa.HUHH 6y,neT BCer,na HCKaTb 6AaronpH.HTHoro CAy<Ia.H, 'TI'06bi Ha'laTb neperosopbi, H Y'Ke AeTOM 1692 ro,na, cpaay noCAe 6Aecrmueii no6e,ltbx, o,nep:a<a.HHOH npH OreHKepKe, ocpHUH03Hbie EIMHCcapbi AlO,noBHKa XIV Ha'lHJT npolllynhmaTb no'!By. 06 9TOM cpaKTe CAMYeT HanOMHHTb. B OTAH'!He OT BHAbreAbMa OpancKoro, ero .HpOro npOTHBHHKa, HaHXpHCTHa.HHeHWHii KOpOAb HHCKOAbKO He DOXO:a< Ha no,n:a<HraTeA.H BOHHbi.

lJEI>E,M IIOEE,ll; ToT cpaKT, 'ITO BOHHa Ha cywe Ha'!aAacb c onycroweHH.H ITcpaAbua, DOCTa.BHA <l>pa.HUHJO B 3aTPYAHHTeAbHOe noAO:a<eHHe. Mbx )"Ke paccMaTPHBaAH ero B XpOHOAOrH'leCKOM H DCHXOAOrH'!eCKOM KOHTeKCTe, H Mbl eUle ,ltOArO 6y,neM pa3MbiWA.HTb Ha,l{ 3THM npecryiiAe375 HHeM, KOTOpoe oKaaaAocb ellle H oWH6KoH • 0Ho '1YTb 6biAO He HaHeCAo Ylllep6 Bocxo.nmueii CAa.Be MoHCeHbopa, KOTopoii oH ,no6HAc.H B3.HTHeM <l>HAHnc6ypra B OKT.H6pe 1688 ro,na. OnycroweHHe ITcpaAbua npo,noA:a<aeT HaHOCHTb spe.n penyTaUHH MapKHaa ,ne A ysya, ,n(l)Ke HecMOTp.H Ha TO, 'ITO eUle xy,nWHe Mo,ne.HHH.H - orpa6AeHHe 3aMKa feH,lteAb6epra H rpo6HHUbi ITcpaAbUCKHX KypcplOpCTOB - 6biAH coBepweHbi B Mae 1693 ro,na, TO eCTb qepe3 ,nsa ro,na nocAe KOH'IHHbi rpoaHoro MHHHCTPa. IToMHMo HeCKOH'!aeMoii oca.ztHOH Bomr, KOTOpyro se,neT <l>pa.HUH.H, oHa o,nep:a<HBaeT o.nuy 3a .npyroii 6AeCT.HillHe no6ettbi. 1 HJOA.H 1690 ro,na MapwaA repuor AlOKceM6yprcKHii so r Aa.Be 35-TbiC.H'IHoro BOHCKa HaroAoBy paa6HBaeT no,n <l>AeplOCoM B HHAepAaHAax 50-TbiC.H'1HJ10 apMHJO npHHUa BaAb,neKa, cOCTO.muyro KaK H3 roAAau.nUeB, TaK H H3 HMnepueB. BoAbTep HanHWeT: «BoceMb TbiC.H'l IIAeHHbiX, weCTb TbiC.H'l y6HTbiX, ,ltBeCTH 3HaMeH HAH WTaH,ltapTOB, nynn<H, o603bl1 6erCTBO BparoB- TaKOB HTOr 9TOH no6e,nbD> 112. 'l!epe3 ceMb HetteAb nOCAe 9TOro

rAABAXXII

502

Hm<oAa ~e KaTHHa a caoro oqepe~b HaHOCHT nopaJKeHHe apMHH repucr ra CaaoiicKoro no~ CTa¢cpap~oi:i (18 aarycra), He~aAeKo OT CaAyuuo. «<l>paHUyaCKaJI apMIDI norepAAa acero AHWb TPHCTa qeAoaeK y6HThiMH, a apMIDI coi03HHKOB, KOTopoi:i KOM~OBaA repuor CaaoiicKIDi, - qeThxpe ThiCH'IH» 112• B aTOT ~eHb Bmcrop-AMe~ei:i nOTepAA ace caoe repuorcrao, KpoMe MoHMeAhm~a (ropo~, KOTOpbm Mbi B03bMeM a ~eKa6pe 1691 ro~a), H noaTOM)' OCTaAach OTKpbrroi:i M$1 KaTHHa ~opora, ae~y W.aJI a llieMoHT H rpacpcrao Hmxuy. B 1691 ro~y HaC'I)'IlAeHHe cppaHUY3CKHX aoiicK WAO He TaK y?K 9Hepm'IHO, HO KamHa TeM He MeHee OBAMeaaeT BHAbcppaHweM, HHuuei:i H MoHMeAbmiOM, a Ha roAA~CKOM cppoHTe repuor AloKceM6yprcKHii pa36HBaeT a TPH pa3a npeaocxo~.lllli.He ero CHAbi npHHua Ba.Ab~eKa a KaBaAepHiicKoM cpaJKeHHH no~ Ae30M. B CAe~yromeM ro~y Alo~oBHK XIV npH noMOW:H Bo6aHa H no~ npHKpbiTHeM apMHH MapwaAa AloKceM6yprcKoro ~ocraaAReT ce6e y~oBOAbCTBHe 3aBAa~eTh ropo~oM Ha.MIOpoM (5 HIOWI 1692 ro~a) H ero KpenoCTbiO (20 HIOHR). PacHH, craa HaKOHeu cepbe3HbiM HcropHorpacpoM, TaK OnHCbiBaeT 9TOT nO~BHr B npo3e: «0H OBAMeA B n.R:THHe~eAbHbiH cpoK KpenOCTbiO, KOTopyro 6oAbWHe noAKOBO~Ubi Eaponhi C"'HTaAH HenpHCT)'IlHOH, npeO~OAeB, TaKHM o6pa30M, He TOAbKO MOW:Hble KpenOCTHbie CTeHhi, npen.R:TCTBHR A~wa<PTa H conpoTHBAeHHe AJO~ei:i, HO H He6AaronpiDITHbie norO~Hbie YCAOBHR, MO?KHO 6biAO 6hi ~aJKe CKa3aTb- Bp~e6HOCTb CTHXHH»90. Ero co6paT EyaAo, 3aHHMa.IOW.HHCR apeMR OT apeMeHH HcropHcr rpacpHei:i, TO?Ke nHweT «O~y Ha B3RTHe HaMropa»: BeTpbi, )'MOAKHHTe: R paccKCI)f(Y o Alo.llOBHKe lfTO 3a lli)'M, 'ITO 3a OI'OHb BOKpyr Hero? 8To caM IOnHTep HAH JKe noKopHTeAh MoHca. He coMHeBaHCJl, 9TO OH. OH Bech CWieT, Bee uapCTBeHHo B HeM. B3rAJIHHTe Ha TOI'O, KTO CO CKOpOCTbiO 6ypH IlepeceKaeT ropO.llCKOH BaA. Ilepo Ha ero WAJlile IlpHBAeKaeT B30pb1 Bcex. 11 nyCTb 9TOM}' rpo3HOM}' KopoAIO-CoAHue Bcer.lla 6AaronpWITCTBYeT cy.llh6a Bo Bcex ero cpCI)f(eHHJIX, 11 nyCTb Mapc, CAe.llyJl 3a HHM no rurra.M, IlpHHOCHT Bcer.lla eMY, CAasy, Harp(l)f(.o!taJl Ilo6e.lloii11 .

TpeTbero aarycra Mapc ~apHT no6e~y y?Ke He KopoAJO, KOTOpbm nym no ~opore a Bepca.Ab, a ero aepHOM)' MapwaAy, repuory AloKceM6yprcKOM)'. Pe'Ib ~eT o CTeHKepKe, r~e npoH30WAa HaCTO.R:lll.aJI 6HTBa Hapo~oa: BHAhreAhM OpaHcKHH Kcr M~OBaA apMHeH, B KOTOpOH CpaJKaAHCb 60K 0 60K HCnaHUbi, aHr AH'iaHe, roAAaH~Ubi H HeMUbi. EHTBa ~AHAacb c noAOBHHbi ~ecnoro Haxo~HTCR a aTO apeMR a

503 yrpa .ltO nOAOBHHhi nepBoro ,l{IDI. 0Ha 6hiAa )KeCTOKOH. B Heu npHHHMaAa yqaCTHe TOAhKO nexOTa, TaK KaK MeCI'HOCTh 6biAa HenpHrO,l{Ha .ltMI KaBaAepniicKHX aTaK. B 6HTBe nponaoUieA nepeBec B Halll)' CTOp oH)', KOf,lla cppaHUy3hl, B03rAaBAJieMbie npHHUaMH KpOBH, CO Uina71 raMH HarOAO pHH)'AHCh B aTaKy Ha BparoB , onpOKH,llhffirul Bee Ha CBOeM nyTH, py6H H KpoUia nexOTy HenpWITeMI. HoBOCTh o6 9TOH no6e.l{e .ltOUIAa .ltO BepcaMI 4-ro B 10 qacoB Beqepa. ,[(Bop yaHaA, 'ITO MapUiaA AroKceM6yprcKHH B3HA B nAeH 1200 COA,llaT, 3axBaTHA 10 Bpa)KeCKHX nyUieK H OCTaBHA Ha nOAe 6011 8000 COA,l{aT Bpara y6H97 ThiMH. «8To Ba)I(HruJ HOBOCTh O'leHh o6pa.ltOBaAa KopoM1» • OH 3aKa3aA MOAe6eH B .ltOMOBOH uepKBH BepcaAhcKoro aaMKa. Ha caMOM )Ke ,lleAe 6HTBa He 6hiAa peUiaiOmeu, H BHAbreAbMY III Y,l{aAOCh OTC'I)'IIHTI> B nOAHOM nopH,IlKej HO MOpaAhHbiH 9cpcpeKT 6biA orpoMHhiM. fepuor AroKceM6yprcKHii 6hiA B .lteHh 6HTBhi 6oAeH, Ho, npeB03MOfrul nAOXOe CaMOqyBCI'BHe, npO.ltOA)KaA OT,llaBaTb npHKa3hlj oco6eHHoe BocxnmeHHe Bhi3BaAa CAaBHrui aTaKa, BoarAaBAeHHaR KYaeHaMH Ero BeAHqecrna. «llo6e.l{a, O.ltep)KaHHruJ 6Aaro,llapH .l{06AeCTH BCeX 9THX IOHhiX npHHUeB H BCero UBeTa ,llBOpHHcrna <l>paHUHH, npoH3BeAa npn ,l{Bope, B IIapn)Ke H B npoBHHUHH 9cpcpeKT, KOToporo He npOH3BO,l{HAO eme HH O,l{HO BhmrpaHHOe Cpa)KeHHe. fepuora AroKceM6yprCKOfO, npnHua ,lle KoHTH, repuora BaH.ltoMcKoro H Bee nx OKpy)KeHHe no B03BpameHHH C cppoHTa BCTpe'laiOT TOAnhl AIO,l{eH, BhiCTpOHBUIHecH no KpaHM .ltOporn. BoarAacaMH npHBeTCI'BHH oHH Bhlpa)KaAH CBOIO pa.ltOCTh, .ltOXO.ltH .ltO HCcrynAeHHH. Bee )KeHIUHHhi crapaAHCh npHBAe'lh BHHMaHHe repoeB. My)K'IHHhl HOCHAH B Te BpeMeHa Kpy)KeBHhie raACT)'KH, KOTOphie Ha,lleBaAHCh c 6oAhUIHM TPY.ltOM, H Ha 9TO TPaTHAOCh HeMaAO BpeMeHn; npHHUbi, KOTOphiM npHUIAOCh o,lleBaThCH Ha CKOPYIO PYKY nepe.lt 6oeM, He6pe)KHO HaKHH)'AH 9TH faACT)'KH Ha UieiO; C TeX nop )KeHIUHHhl CTaAH HOCHTh TaKHM o6paaoM )'KparneHIDI; HX CTaAH Ha3hffiaTh «CTeHKepKaMH». «Bee 112 HOBbie .ltparoueHHhie H3,lleAHH H3fOTOBAJIAHCh no 9TOH MO,lleAH» • 3axsaqeHHhiH .ltyxoM copeBHOBaHHH, MapUiaA .l{e Aop)K paa6nBaeT 17 ceHTH6pH npHHUa KapAa BIOpTeM6eprcKoro npn IIcpopureiiMe. B aHHaAax HaUieH BOeHHOH ncropHH 1693 ro.lt aaHHMaeT eme 6oAee nO'IeTHOe MeCTO. 27 MapTa KOpOAb npHCBaHBaeT MaplllaAhCKOe 3BaHHe ceMH BOeHHhiM Ha'laAhHHKaM, B TOM 'IHCAe EycpcpAepy, TypBHAIO H KaTHHa; 10 MM OH coa,llaeT 3HaMeHHTYIO KpacHYIO op.lteHCKyiO AeUTy, KopoAeBCKHH BoeHHhm op,lleH CBHTOro Aro.ltOBHKa .ltMI Harpa)K,lleHHH aa BOHHCKYIO .lt06Aecn. 0TBeToM BOeHHhiX Ha 9TH aHaKH OTAH'IHH 6hiAH O.ltep)KaHHhie no6e.lthi: TypBHAeM npn Aaryrne (27 HIOIDI), repuoroM AroKceM6yprcKHM npH HeepBHH,lleHe (29 HIOMI), KaTHHa npn MapcaAe (4 oKT.a6p.a). IIe_n HeepBHH,lleHe MapUiaAY AroKceM6yprcKOMY npoTHBOCTOHA npHHU BHAhreAhM OpaHCKHH. EHTBa paahrrphmaeTCH B HeCKOAhKHX Ahe OT EpiOcceMI. EhiOTCH c O)KecroqeHHeM. ATaKH CAe.lt)'IOT aa aTaKaMH, KOHTPaTaKH aa lllTypMaMH. fepuor AroKceM6yprcKHH, npHHU ,lle KoHTH, repuor lliapTPCKHH (6y.ltymHH pereHT) He 60PTCH nO,l{BepraTh ce6H pHcKy,

fAABAXXII

504

AWIHO 6poca.IOTc.H B aTa.KY no MHory pa3. Ka.K H npH CreHKepKe, HCXO.l{ 60.11 .l{OArO OCTaeTC.H He.HCHhiM; HO, Ka.K H npH CreHKepKe,

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(HpOCTb cppaHUpCKa.H), B KOHUe KOHUOB, npHHOCHT HaM no6e.l{y. «He 6hiAO 6oAee cMepTOHOCHbiX .l{HeH, - nHIIIeT BoAbTep. - Ha noAe 60.11 OCTaAOCb 6oAee 20 000 BOHHOB: 12 000 CO CTOpOHbl COI03HHKOB H 8000 coA.l{aT co cropom.t cppaHUy3oB. ITo 9TOMY noso.l{y roBopHAH, 'ITO «npHIIIAOCh OTCA)"KHTb 60Abiiie naHHXH.l{, 'leM MOAe6HOB».

KAapeBHU C'IHTaeT, 'ITO B 6HTBe npH HeepBHH.l{eHe, noCAe <t>Aeproca H noCAe CTeHKepKe, repuor AIOKceM6yprcKHH, oTKa3a.BIIIHCh OT craphiX MeTO.l{OB Be.l{eHH.H BOHHhi, 3a.HBHA 0 ce6e Ka.K 0 «60AhiiiOM nOAKOBO.l{Ue»159. ITpH .l{Bope, no CBH.l{eTeAbCTBY PacHHa, «KOpOAh H ero MHHHCI'Ehl AHKOBaAH OT pa.l{OCTH, 'ITO 6hiA COBepiiieH Ta.KOH BeAHKHH 90

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516

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soiiHhi, KOTOpaR ,nAHTe.H y)f(e IlllTh AeT. M BOT OH eo6HpaeTC.H sseeTH, - 6ea oeo6on pa.nocm, KOHe<JHO, - HOshrn HaAor - KanHTanmo (RHsaph 1695 ro.na), o KOTopoM noii,neT pe'lh s eAe.n)'IOmen rAase. &ro HaAoroo6AO)f(eHHe npHHOeHT s 1695 ro.ny seero .1\Hlllh 26 MHA.1\HOHOB, eYMMY HaMHoro MeHhwe TOH, Ha KOTOPJ'IO paee<JHThmaAH. Ho ero MOpaAhHoe npeHM)'meCTBO B TOM, 'ITO nAaTHT see rp~aHeKOe Haee.l\eHHe, S TOM <JHe.l\e ,nsop.HHCTBO H _na)f(e KOpOAeseKCUI eeMh.H, H, TaKHM o6pa30M, see cppa.HUy3hi npHS.I\eKa.IOTe.H K yqaCTHIO B HaAOroSOH noAHTHKe, KOTopaR Teneph eosna,naeT e yqacmeM B soeHHhiX paexo.nax H paexo,nax, H.nym:HX Ha HaUHOHa.AbH)'IO o6opoHY. B 1694 ro.ny soeHHhie onepauHH nposo,n.HTe.H BAAO. B l1TaAHH H fepMaHHH no<JTH noAHoe aaTHwhe. Hoaii ,no6HsaeTe.H yenexos B KaTaAOHHH: oH o.nep)f(HBaeT no6e.ny npH Tepe (27 MaR), aaxsaThmaeT IlaAaMOe s HIOHe, )KepoHY s HIOAe. B HH,nepAaH.nax repuor Al<>KeeM6ypreKHH no.n KOMaH,nOBaHHeM - <JHCTo HOMHHa.l\hHOM - MoHeeHhopa oeymecrsHA eson 3HaMeHHThrn Mapw B 40 .1\be aa <JeThipe ,niDI (22 25 asrycra), ll03BO.I\HBWHH cpAaH,npeKOH apMHH aanepen rpaHHUy OT Ille.l\b,nhi .no no6epe)l(h.H H npHKphiTh HawH soeHHO-MopeKHe CTORHKH, KOTOpbiM yrpO)f(a.I\H cpAOThi npOTHSHHKa. K eO)f(aAeHHIO, npHHuy OpaMeKOMY y,naeTe.H OTo6paTh y Hac B eeHT.H6pe ropo.n IOH. B CAe.n)'IOmeM ro.ny <l>paHUH.H nOTepAAa 6o.l\blllOro noAKoso.nua. 31 ,neKa6p.H 1694 ro,na spa<JH Me,nHUHHeKoro cpa~<yAhTeTa o6'hRB.I\.HIOT HeHaAe<JHMbiM repuora AloKeeM6yprcKoro, epa)f(eHHoro eH.I\bHhiM BOenaAeHHeM AerKHX. B ero anapraMeHTax eKOllHAOeb TaKOe KO.I\H'leCTBO Hapo.na (npH.nBOpHbiX H ocpHuepos), 'ITO «rpy.nHo ce6e npe.ncraBHTh, H 3TO yqacme CaMbiX pa3HbiX .l\lO,IleH ll0Ka3bffia.I\O AY<JWe, <JeM 'ITO 6bi TO HH 6bi.I\O, ysa)f(eHHe, KOTOpbiM llO.I\b30BaAe.H MaplllaA H Kai<HM ero C<JHTaAH HY)f(HbiM ,n.I\.H roey.napcrsa» 97 • OH eKOH<JaAc.H yrpoM 4 .HHsap.H 1695 ro.na, qepea .nsa.nuaTh AeT nocAe .ne T10peHHa. Ka~< H s 1675 ro.ny, yxo.n H3 )f(H3HH repo.11,- a He npocro «y,na<JAHBoro reHepaAa», seer.na no6e)f(,naJOmero, - Bbi3bmaeT HAH socKpelllaeT y HauHH, OT CaMbiX BbiCOKOllOCTaB.I\eHHbiX ,nO CaMbiX npOCTbiX .I\IO,nen, CH.I\bHbie narpHOTH'leCKHe <JYBCTBa. B 9TO speM.H Kopo.l\b .nonycKaeT ncHXO.I\OrH<JeeK)'IO H TaKTH<JeCK)'IO OlllH6Ky. BMecro roro <JT06bi .nosepHTh KOMaH,nOSaHHe cpAaH.npCKOH apMHen repuory BaH,nOMCKOMY, oH n opyqaeT ee esoeMY .npyry BHAhpya. KoHe<JHo, H3 Bepca.I\.H aa HHM cAe,nHT Eap6eabe; KOHe<JHO, Ha<Ja.AbHHKOM li1Ta6a Ha3Ha<JaeTC.H Ha,lle)f(HbiH IliOHCeriOp, HO 9TH ,nse Mepbi npe.nocropO)f(HOCTH oKa3bffia.IOTC.H He,nocraTO<JHhiMH. BHAbpya 6hl.l\ HenAOXHM reHepaA-AeHTeHaHTOM, HO ero HanpaCHO c,neAa.I\H MapwaAOM B 1693 ro.ny. He o6Aa,naR enoco6HOCTbiO BbiDOAH.HTh Ha .no)\)l(HOM yposHe cpJHKUHH r AasHOKOMaH.n)'IOmero, OH eme yeyry6.I\.HeT eBOH He,nOCTaTKH: AerKOMbiC.I\eHHO H,neT Ha pHeK, nponycKaeT y.no6Hhie CAY<JaH ,n.I\.H .nencrsHn, nocrynaeT Heo6,nYMaHHO, no,nMeH.HeT He,nOCTalOW:HH eMY asTOpHTeT asTOpHTapHOCTblO, KOTOpaR CKOBbiBaeT llOMOW:HHKOB, MaCKHpyeT CBOH CAa6ocm, npHHHMCUI <JBaH.I\HBbiH BH,n. Ero KOMaH,nOBaHHe Ha<JHHaeTe.H ,noBO.I\bHO cKsepHo. IlpHHU OpaH-

517 cKHH:, ocso6o.zumiiiHch Ha:KOHeu OT repuora AloKceM6yprcKoro, OTowe~wero s MHP HHOH, ocMeAeA H ~o6HAcH cymecrsemmro ycnexa: OH o~HJ\ 1 HIO)\jl ropo~ HaMJOp, 4 asrycra oBA~eA HM H npHHHJ\ Kanmy~ Kpenocm 2 cemH6pH. Hey~aqa HaiiiHX soiicK noKaabmaer, 'ITO soiiHa, XOTH HeMHoro H aaTHXAa, see :>Ke npo~o)\)KaeTcH. HH HMOeparop, HH BHAhreJ\hM III, HH KopoAh Mcna.mm He HaMepeHDI npeKpamaTh 6oph6y, H no9TOMY Alo~oBHKY XIV npHXO~HTCH coa~asaTh s HOH6pe 1695 ro~a HecKOJ\hKO ~eCJITKOB HOBhiX DOJ\KOB (KanHrauHH DOMOfJ\a BCe-Ta:KH Ka3He KopoAescrsa). M BOT spary, HBHo y:>Ke ycrasweMY, npOTHBocroHT cppaHUy3hi, DOJ\Hhie peiiiHMOCTH He ycrynaTh. 06 3TOM HpKO CB~e TeJ\hCTByer no6e~a, o~ep:>KaHHaH repuoroM B~oMCKHM, - aaMeHHBWHM Hoa.IDI so r Aase KaTa.AOHCKOH apMHH, - H~ KaBaAepHeii DpHHUa ,lJ;apMWT~TCKOro (1 HIOHH 1696 ro~a). B 3TH MeC.SIIlhi aaTHWhH cppaHUY3bi TBep~o pewHAH ~oseCTH BOHHY ~o noqerHoro H pa3)'MHOro MHpa. Be~YTCH nocromrno neperosopbi; 3TOro :>KeAaeT Alo~oBHK XIV; KpyaccH o6H3aH 9TOMY no~'IHHHTDCH (oH )'Mper s moAe 1696 ro~a); ero ChiH TopcH- KOTOphm HB)\jleTCH ero npeeMHHKOM - y:>Ke oKoH'IaTeJ\hHO coapeA ~)\jl 3Toro. Ho B Te'leHHe scero 1695 ro~a cropoHhi He oco6eHHo npo~BHsyAHCh s neperosopax. MMnepaTop ~o Ta:KOH creneHH Hecrosop'IHB, 'ITO neperosophi npephmaiOTcH, e~sa Ha'laBIIIHCh. TeM He MeHee Kopo.hlO <l>paHUHH y~aeTcH ~o6HThCH sce-TaKH xopoWHX peayJ\hTaTos s neperosopax c Coe~HHeHHhiMH IIpoBHHUHHMH. Mx TPe6osaHHH Ta:KOBhi, 'ITO snoAHe MO:>KHO ~orosopHThCR. fo)\)\~Uhi XOTHT, TI06hi Alo~OBHK XIV Ha3hmaA npHHua OpaHcKoro «Ero BeAH'Iecrso KOpOAh BeAHKo6pHTaHHH H MpA~HH»; OHH TPe6)'IOT coa~aHHH Hosoro 6apbepa ~)\jl HH~epA~o:s, TO eCTh cpopTOB, r~e OHH MOfJ\H 6hi ~ep:>KaTh rapHH30Hhi. Ho BHAhreAhM III, sowe~WHii s aaapT soiiHht, cphmaeT neperosophi. Ho «.BeAHKHii aADRHC>> Y:>Ke CHJ\hHO oCAa6AeH. McnaHHH, Ka:>KeTCH, Ha Hcxo~e CHA. A repuor CasoiicKHii, KOTOporo HHCKOJ\hKO He y~HB )\j{IQT nepeMeHhi DOJ\HTH'IeCKOfO Kypca, TOJ\hKO H MeTiaeT 0 3aKJ\IO'IeHHH cenapaTHoro BhlfO~Horo MHPa. Alo~OBHK XIV oKpy:>KHA ero co scex cropoH H HeHTPaAH30BaA; BHKTOp-AMe~eii TOJ\hKO 'ITO nOTepM nooqepMHO Casofuo H HHuucKoe rpacpcrso. OH y~ep:>KHBaer llieMOHT, Ho npHCYTCTBHe cppaHuyacKHX soiicK B KacaAe coa~aer ~)\jl Hero ~onoAHIITeJ\hH}'lO yrpoay. TeopeTH'IeCKH <l>pa.HUIDI Mo:>Ker aaCTaBHTh ero OT~aTh HHuuy HAH Casoiho, He ~asaH HH'Iero saaMeH, Ho no~o6Hoe TPe6osaHHe He o6ecne'IHAO 6bi cnoKoiiHoro 6y~y:mero H soa6y~HAO 6hi eme 6oJ\hwee :>KeAaHHe y HMDepaTopa aasA~eTh HTaADRHCKHMH TeppHTopHHMH. Ha npa:KTHKe ~er CTaHOBAeHHe cppaHUy3cKoH ~HII.JI.OMaTHH, o~HOH H3 CaMhiX AOBKHX. B 3TOH m6KOCTH H crosop'IHBOCTH, 6hiCTPO YCTPaiDIIOlllHX 'IHHHMhie aaTPY~He HHH, yr~bmaercR BJ\Hj{HHe MOAO~oro MapKH3a ~e TopcH, a Ta:K:>Ke MY~phm no~xo~ crap oro Kopo)\jl. C MoHapxoM llieMoma o6paU(aiOTCR He KaK C no6e~eHHhiM, a Ka:K C COI03HHKOM B CHJ\y CeKpeTHOro naKTa, 3aKJ\IO'IeHHoro c HHM 29 HIOHH 1696 ro~a, H MHPa, DOk

518

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nHca.HHoro B TypHHe 29 asrycTa. <l>paHUIDI sosspamaer BmcropyAMe~eiO He TOAbKO CasoifcKoe repuorCTBo, HHuuy H BIL'-bcppaHm, HO ew.e H Ihmepo.11.o, y)Ke ~aBHO aHHeKcHposaHHbiH H HBNIIOW.HHCH KAIO"'eBbiM IIJHKTOM HamHx norpa.HH"'HbiX YKPenAeHHH. Casoifuhl BhiCTaB$11' cosMeCTHo c HaMH csoH soifcKa npH Han~eHHH Ha AoM6ap~HIO. B c.'\yqae ycnexa Aro~oBHK XIV o6ew,a.11. HM OT~aTb ry caMYIO MliAaHcKyro nposHHUHIO, o KOTopoif OHM Me"'TaiOT, a B3aMeH sa6paTb repuorCTBo CasoifcKoe, 9TY cppaHKOH3bi"'Hyro seM.II.IO H 30HJ, HMerow.yro 6eccnopHbxH crpaTernqecKHH HHTepec ~Nl <l>paHUHH. 'l!To6bt CKpenHTb 9TY ~orosopeHHOCTb ~syx ~sopos, sapyqaiOTcH o6ew.aHHeM cosepmHTb 6paKocoqeraHHe Me~y repuoroM Byp~cKHM (eMY 14 .11.eT) H MapHeif-A.lteAa~oif CasoifcKOH (elf 11 AeT), ~oqepbiO npasmuero repuora. Cs~b6a HasHa"'eHa Ha 7 ~eKa6pH 1697 ro~a. O~HOH H3 caMbiX 60AbmHX noA:HTH'IeCKHX sae.~~.yr KopoNl <l>paHUHH 6bi.II.O TO, "'TT OH npHHec B )KepTBy IlHHepo.11.o p~H MHpa. TypHHCKHH MHp pa303.11.1L'\ HMnepaTopa, Bbi3BaA 6ecnOKOHCTBO y npHHUa OpaHcKoro, sacraBH.II. Kap.11.a II oTKasaTbC$1 OT HHTepBeHUHH B lha.II.HIO; OTHbiHe BC$1 T$I)KeCTb BOHHbl .1\.0)KHTC$1 Ha BHJTPeHHe pa306w,eHHyro .AHr.II.HIO H Ha fo.II..II.~HIO, B KOTOpOH TO)Ke HeT e~HHCTBa. AJ.o~OBHK IIOHHMaeT, "'TO y MOpCKHX ~ep)KaB, B KOHUe KOHUOB, eCTb OCHOBaHH$1 Tenepb noifm Ha ycryllKH. OH nepe~aeT BHAbreAbMY OpaHcKOMY, "'TO B o6MeH Ha MHP OH npHaHaeT ero HaKOHeu «KopoAeM Be.II.HKo6pHTaHHH». IloAbW.eHHbiH 9THM npH3Ha.HHeM, Koropoe eMY ~opo)Ke scero Ha csere, npHHU OpaHcKHH oKaabmaeT CHAbHOe ~aB.II.eHHe Ha rO.II..II.~UeB, "'JTb IIOMeHbme Ha HMIIeparopa, "'TT6bi 3aCTaBHTb HX COr.ll.aCHTbC$1 speMeHHO 060HTHCb 6e3 KOpONl HcnaHHH, H ~orosapHsaeTcH c KopoAeM <l>paHUHH o MHpHoM KOHrpecce 4 cpespaNJ 1697 ro~a. KoHrpecc oTKpoeTC$1 s PHCBHKe 9 MaJI. KaK see no~o6Hbte KOHcpepeHUHH, 9TO co6pa.HHe esponeifcKHX IIO.II.HOMO"'HbiX npe~CTaBHTe.ll.eH B ~epeBHe HeiiO~aAeKy OT faarn He npolli.ll.o 6es CTO.II.KHOBeHHH H He~opasYMeHHH. HcnaHUbi rpe6)'IOT BepHJTbC$1 K TeM IIO.II.O)KeHIDIM, KOTOpbte 6bi.II.H 3aiiHCaHbi B IlHpeHeHCKOM ~orosope, TO eCTb K rpaHHuaM 1659 ro~a. HMnepaTop AeonoAb~ He TOAbKO norpe6osa.11., "'T06bl 6bi.II.H sosspaw,eHbi Crpac6ypr H secb HmKHHH 8Abaac, HO H npH3HaHbi noAO)KeHH$1 MloHcrepcKoro ~orosopa 1648 ro~a. fo.11..11.~Ubi rpe6)'IOT cpo"'HO 3aK.II.IO"'HTb HOBbiH Toproshm ~orosop. B PHcBHKe see MYTHT HMneparop. OH 3a.HHMaeT TaKYIO )KeCTKyro no3HUHIO, "'TO Aro~oBHK XIV B KOHUe asrycra npe~ ynpe)K~aeT KOHrpecc, nepe~aBaJI qepes TopcH H rpex csoHx npe~cra BHTeAeif (Ap.11.e ~e BoHHeif, Ka.II.Abepa H Bep)Kroca ~e KpecH), "'TO OH coxpaHHT Crpac6ypr sa co6oif. Ho pe"'b y)Ke H~eT He TO.II.bKO o Bbt6ope Me~y HMnepcKHM TeaMcoM o HeMeUKOM PeifHe H Hosoif, co~Ho o6ocHOBaHHOH Teopueif o cppaHuyscKOM 8Abaace. BoaHHK ew.e o~HH casus belli (noso~ K soifHe): IIO.II.bCKHH TpOH CB060~eH B CBH3H CO CMepTbiO lfua Co6ecKOrO (1696). EcTI, ~Ba Kai-I,l(~aTa, )KeAaiOW,HX ero 3aruiTb, H IIOAbCKOMY ceHMY H~.ll.e)KHT Bbt6paTb: npmma ~e KoHTH, KyaeHa Aro~oBHKa XIV, H.II.H

519 ABrycra, CaKcoHcKoro Kypropcra, noMep:lKHsaeMoro HMnepaTopoM H sceii HMUepneii. ArpeccnsHOCTb AeonoAb~a o6n.siCJUieTc.s~ TeM, 'ITO K~H~arypa npnHua CaKcOHcKoro eMY Ka:lKeTc.si 6eccnopHoii, a HenpeKAOHHOCTb HMnepaTopa YJ<pellASieTc.si TeM, 'ITO ero caMhrn TaAaHTAHshrn reHepaA EsreHHii CasoiicKHH TOAhKO 'ITO OTTecHHA rypoK. Ho 3Ta HenpeKAOHHOCTb ~eT eMY so spe~; 6oAhUIHHCTBO ~oro sapos 6y~yr no~nHCaHbi 20- 21 ceHT.s~6p.s~, MHp Me:lK~Y HMnepneii H ¢paHUHeH ycraHOSHTC.ll TOAbKO 30 OKT.s~6p.s~. CAH-.[l;OMIDITO H 8Ah3AC

«EAarOCAOSeHHblH MOMeHT npHMHpeHIDI HauHH HaCT)'IIHA; Espana CnOKOHHa; paTHHKauHH ~orosopa, KOTOpbrn MOH nOCAbl 3aKAIO'IHAH He~aBHO C nOCAaMH HMnepaTOpa H HMUepHH, 3aBeprnaeT ycraHOSAeHHe noscro~y CTOAh :lKeAaHHoro cnoKOHCTBH.si»59• TaK nnrneT Aro~o SHK XIV s o~HOM H3 nnceM, ~aTHposaHHOM 5 .suisap.s~ 1698 ro~a, apXHenHcKony IlapH:lKCKOMJ. HaUIH ~Hil.i\OMaThi ~eHCTBHTeAbHO npO.siBHAH 60AbrnyiO rn6KoCTb: Ka:lK~a.si H3 cropoH MO:lKeT C'IHTaTh ce6.s~ Sbrnrpasrneii. IToCAe ~ec.siTH AeT :lKeCTOKOH soiiHhi HacrynHA TFHYMpaHUy3cKHMH ncropnKaMH. HaM XOT.liT npe~CTaBHTh ¢paHUHIO o6eccHAeHHOH, H3MOTaHHOH KOpOAeSCKHMH aM6HUH.siMH, pa3pbmaiOmeHC.ll Me:lK~Y CSOHMH pOHTaMH Ha cyme H Ha MOpe. KopOA.si ynpeKaiOT S TOM, 'ITO OH OTKa3aAC.ll OT csoHX He~asHHX 3asoesaHHH H so3spaTHAc.s~ K yCAosH.siM HnMBereHcKoro MHpa (1678) noCAe ~oAroii H, KaK C'iHTaiOT, 6ecnoAe3HOH sOHHhi. HanMeHee crporne ncropHKH rosop.siT o soiiHe, 3aKOH'IHsrneiic.s~ «SHH'IhiO». Tyr see KaK O~HH 3aMe'IaiOT Ha'iaAO yn~Ka. 8TH JTBep~eHH.si Hecnpase~AHShi, Ho no'ITH HHKoro He y~HBAHIOT. EcAH 6bt PHcsHKCKHH MHP 6biA ~AH Hac 6oAee shrro~HhiM, ecAH 6br ~e Topcn H ~e IloMnOHH, no cosery KopoAH, He noUIAH 6bt Ha ycrynKH, eCAH 6bt Mhi He so3spaTHAH AoTapHHrHIO repuoraM, To o6cy~aAHCh 6br, 6e3 coMHeHH.si, «6ecCTb~Hhie npno6peTeHH.si nposo~HMOH noAHTHKH npncoe~HHeHHii» HAH MeraAOMaHH.si Aro~oSHKa XIV, TaK KaK MOHapxy TFY~Hee 6biAO y~osAeTBOpHTh 6y~ymnx ncropHKOs, 'IeM ynpasA.liTh, 6opOTbc.si H no6e~aTh. <l>aKTbl HaxO~.liTC.ll S npOTHSOpe'IHH C 9THMH ne'Ia.i\bHbiMH KOMMeHTapWIMH. Tpy~Ho 6hiAO rosopHTh s 1697 ro~y o6 aM6nun.s~x MoHapxa, TaK KaK OHH COCTO.liAH TOAbKO S TOM, 'IT06bi COXpaHHTb Crpac6ypr H TypHe. KopoAb <ilpaHUHH y:lKe s Te'IeHHe 'IeThipex AeT crpaCTHo :lKeAaeT MHpHoro yperyAnposaHH.si KOHAHKTa. OH HHKor~a He 6hiA, KpoMe KaK s <PaHTa3HHX, 'IeAoseKoM, :lK~JlllHM soiiHhi .i\106oii ueHoii (n s 9TOM ero OTAH'!He OT BnAhreAbMa OpaHcKoro). Bee cse~ymne .i\IO~H o6 9TOM 3HaiOT. BecHoH 1697 ro~a 8cnpn <l>Aelllbe nncaA: «Mhr, no-s~HMOMJ, 6y~eM HaCA~aThc.si MHpoM, TaK KaK KOpOAb, no peAHrH03HOMJ y6e~eHHIO H seAH'iHIO ~YUJH, XO'IeT OT~aTb Ka:lK~OMY TO, 'ITO, KaK oH C'iHTaeT, eMY npHH~Ae:lKHT. R He

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Ae:lKaT y HHX Ha cep~ue. ~ HHX Aro~o8HK XIV noxo:lK Ha Hasyxo~oHocopa, a 8 Ayrc6yprcKOH AHre OHH 8~HT opy~He Eo)Kbero cy~a. ,ll;eAO ~OXO~HT ~0 TOrO, '<ITO C08peMeHHHKH (3a HCKAIO"'eHHeM, KOHe"'HO, aHrAHHCKHX nanHCT08, HeKOTOpi:.Ix aHrAHKaHUe8, Aro~08HKa XIV H ero KaTOAH"'eCKHX TIOMaHHbiX) ~a:lKe He aaMe"'aiOT, '<ITO c8ep:lKeHHe c TPOHa RKosa II, OC)'lUeCTBAeHHoe ero co6crseHHbiM 3JITeM, .smNieTCR r Ay6oKO aMOpaAbHbiM nocrynKOM. B KOHUe OKT.li6p.li 1688 ro~a noAyqHAa 6oAhlllOe pacnpOCTPaHeHHe no sceH 3an~HOH E8pone «MoAHTBa o6 ycnexe opy:lKHR npHHUa OpaHcKoro», npoH38e~eHHe nacropa ~6epa EIOpHe, KoTopbiH c6e:lKaA H3 AHrAHH 8 C8R3H c 80CllleCTBHeM Ha npecroA Rl<o8a II, HO KOTOpbm co6HpaAc.li c TPHYM<l>OM ry~a 8epHYThc.li c apM~OH craTxay~epa. B HeH cKaaaHo, '<ITO KaToAH"'ecKHe MOHapXH «XOTHT yHH"'TQ:lKHTh HCTHHy» CAo8a Eo:lKbero, «yCTaH08HTb ~OAOTIOKAOHHH"'eCKHH KYAhT», npOTH8Hhm· focno~y. A ~eAo «Ero Bbxcoqecrsa npHHua OpaHcKoro» yro~Ho focno~y. «Co6HpaH KOpOAeH H npHHUe8, KOTOpbie Te6e CAy:lKaT CO 8CeH "'HCTOTOH ~YlliH C80eH, '<IT06bi 6opOTbCR 3a ~eAO TBOe; npHBe~H HX K no6e~e H~ TBOHMH 8paraMH. A TI:.I, 6or 80HHhi, H~eAH HX AOBKOCThiO 8 6010 H OXpaHH HX. Mbt npOCHM TBOeH 3a:IJ.UITbl KaK OC060H MHAOCTH ~Nl Ero BI:.Icoqecrsa, npHHua OpaHcKoro... IIo~~ep:lKH ero ~eAo, TIOTOMY 'ITO OHO TBOe ~eAO, H ~aH eMY CHAy no6e~HTb Bcex sparo8 ero. .. IIpHKa:lKH MOpiO H ero 6ypHbiM so~aM pacCTHAaTbcR r A~hiO nepe~ HHM; c~ep:lKH8aH BCTPe"'Hbie B~hi, '<IT06 He 6I:.IAo HH e~HHoro ~YH08eHHR so ape~ eMY»· H 8 TaKOM TOHe HanHcaHo u eAhiX TPH CTPaHJiUbi. BHAbreAbM - repoH Craporo 3aseTa, H08hm HHcyc HasHH, H08hm 3opo8aBeAb. EAaro~ap.li MOAHTBaM, 803HOCHMbiM focno~y ero npH8ep:lKeHuaMH, focno~h eMY nolllAeT «cHAy CaMcoHa, C"'aCThe re~eoHa H no6e~I:.I ,ll;as~a». OH- onopa uepK8H focno~a; nyCTh aHreAbl «BhlOTCR 80Kpyr Hero»; nyCTh MOAHTBbl npase~HHKOB no380AHT 9TOMY npHHuy c Eo)KbeH nOMOI.UbiO ~o8eCTH ~o KOHUa Ha"'aToe HM ~eAo; 8npo"'eM, eMY noMoraeT ero cynpyra, MapHR, npHHuecca CTIOapT, «8ccpHph 9Toro seKa>> 97 • IIocpe~H 9TOH MOAHTBbi 8 uepK8H pa3~aeTC.li neHHe CaMbiX 80HHCTBeHHbiX llCaAMOB uapR ,l);aBH~a: «Eor noKa3aACR, H pacceRAHcb 8pa:lKeCKHe op~bi. ~yH.li, aAAHAyHR. CnaceHHe H cHAa npHH~Ae:lKaT focno~y Be"'HOMY HallleMY»· Y 3ypnauHR, HBHO ~OCTOHHM ocy~eHHH, 80380~HAaCb npOTeCTaHTCKHM KAaHOM 8 paHr Kpecro8oro noxo~a. B Te"'eHHe 8cex EITHX AeT ryreHOTCKM 9KcnaTPHaUHR 8 foAA~HH H306peTaeT COTHH ll080~08 ~Nl opraHH3auHH H080rO KpeCT080rO noxo~a H ~OCTH:lKeHHR no6e~bl, KOTOpM 6y~eT, KOHe"'HO, o6ecne"'eHa Hapo~y focno~a H~ cpHAHCTHMNIHaMH, M~HaHHT.liHaMH H ~pyrHMH npeapeHHbiMH sparaMH. O~HH AHlllb nacrop )Krop~:,e cpe~H MHornx ~pyrnx pa6oT ny6AHKyeT «HcnoAHeHHe npopoqecrs, HAH Ey~)'lUee oc8o6o~eHHe uepKBH» (1686), «AnOAOrHR 8 noAbay c8epllleHHR npopoqecrs» (1687), «IIpo~oA:lKeHHe HcnoAHeHHR npopoqecrs» (1687), «I1pe~CKa3aHHR n~eHHR HMnepHH, B KOTOpbiX CTIAeTeHbi 80e~HHO

530

fAABAXXIII

MHorHe AK>6onhiTHhre Ha6AK>~eHIDI, KacaromHecSI peAHrnH H coBpeMeHHhiX ~eA» (1688), «Paa6op naCKBHASI, HanpaBAeHHOrO npOTHB peAHrHH, npOTHB rocy~apCTBa H npornB aHrAHHCKOH peBOAK>UHH» (1691) 100• B Espone, r~e 9AIITa roBopHT no-¢paHUJ3CKH H 40% )KHTeAeH KOTopoii SIBMDOTCH npareCTa.HTa.MH, 9TH ocKop6HTeAhHhre c~eHIDI HMeiOT IIIHpoKHii peaoHaHc. A ~ASI TOro, KTO 6y~er c<nrraTh cpasHeHHe Alo~o BHKa XIV c Hasyxo~oHocopoM qpeaMepHhiM, pawpeHHe TicpaAbua 6y~er, JBhi, cBoero po~a notn"Bep~eHHeM 9Toro cpasHeHHH. <l>paHUy3hi, Ha'-IHHaH c 26 HOR6pH 1688 ro~a, ~aThr, Kor~a .J\ro~oBHK XIV ar~a eT npHKaa crepe1b c AHUa 3eMAH MaHreiiM, H ~o 23 MaH 1693 ro~a, Toro ~WI, Kor~a MapmaA ~e Aop)K 3a.XBaThmaeT H paapymaer feii~eAh6eprcKHii 3aMOK, npoBo~SI BoeHHhre onepa.rurn Me~y PeiiHoM H HeKKapoM, onpas~biBaiOT 9TJ aanHTHrurnytO penyrauHIO Ha.IlHH, KOTopaH 6biAa TaK mHpOKo arpa)KeHa BO Bpa)KeCKHX naMcpAerax. Eea coMHeHHH, KOpOAb <l>pa.HI.l.HH ~AH BCHKOrO ncpaAbUCKOro npareCTa.HTa MQ)KeT 6b1Tb cpasHHM TOAhKO C AlrmxpHCTOM. llo'-ITH BCe npareCTaHTbl EspOnbi, KOTOpbie He 3axO~HT TaK ~aAeKO B CBOHX cpasHeHIDIX, OC)"K~aiOT )KeCTOKOCTb .J\ro~OBHKa XIV. KaK Bcer~a, Kor~a crpaxa coBceM HeT, ~ocrnraeTCH acpcpeKT, npOTHBOnOAO~ TOMJ, Ha KOTOpbrH pacC'-IHTbiBaeT Aysya. BMeCTO TOro '-IT06hr reppopH3HpOBaTb HMnepHIO, onyCTOmeHHe TicpaAbua o61>e~HWieT ee npOTHB <l>pa.HI.l.HH. Pylrnbr feii~eAb6eprcKoro aaMKa, KOTOpbre eme H cero~WI Bhi3hiBaiOT aHTHcppaHuyacKHe HacrpoeHHH, noKa3biBaiOT, '-ITO B 9TOH nCHXOAOrH'-IeCKOH BoiiHe 6biAa coBepmeHa rpy6aH TaKTH'-IeCKaH oiiiH6Ka, 6HTBa 6biAa npoHrpaHa, HeCMOTpSI Ha B~OCTb no6e~hl. l1 HanpacHo .J\ro~oBHK XIV aaKaahmaeT 27 MaH 1693 ro~a MOAe6eH B co6ope TiapH)KCKOH EoroMaTepH. HaHxpHcrnaHHeiimHii KopoAh TOAbKO '-ITO COBepmHA O~HJ H3 CaMblX 60AhlliHX OlliH60K 3a BCe CBOe ~OAroe uapCTBOBaHHe. B 1693 ro~y Espona C'-IHTaAa, '-ITO J'Ke aa6hiThi y)KaChl Tp~uarnAemeii BOHHhi. l1 OHH 6biAH aa6hiThi B cHAy Toro, '-ITO <l>paHUHH HeCAa nporpecc, ~eMOHCTpHpOBaAa ~OCTH)KeHHH UHBHAH3aUHH. l1 BOT crpaHa C UHBHAH30BaHHbiMH HpaBa.MH, crpaHa, BOCnHTaBlliaH ~o6ponopMO'-IHhiX AK>~eii, pa3JMHO H B3BemeHHO no~xo ~HI.UaH K peaAbHOCTH, CTpaHa, KOpOAH KOTOpOH Ha3hiBaiOT crapruHM CbiHOM L(epKBH H uapCTBOBaHHe KOTOporo COBn~aeT C paCUBeTOM KoHTppecpopMbi, ar6pacbrBaer Ha noABeKa Ha3~ UHBHAH30BaHHbre HOpMbi Be~eHHR BOHHbl no~ TeM npe~AOroM, '-ITO OHa 3amHI.UaeT CBOH ceBepo-BOCTO'-IHbre rpaHHUbr, paaopHeT MaAeHbKOe, MHpHoe rocy~ap CTBO, nOTOMJ '-ITO, CKa)KeM, cynpyra 6paTa TOrO )Ke KOpOAH <l>paHUHH aaxoTeAa B~pyr TaM uapCTBoBaTh. PaaopeHHhre noASI H no'-IepHeBmHe OT no)Kapa pJHHhi ~aiOT npe~crasAeHHe o creneHH npecrynAeHHH. Ho ~onymeHHaH omH6Ka eme 6oAbrue, '-!:eM coBepmeHHoe npecrynAeHHe. )KeCTOKHe 9Kcueccbr cppaHuyacKHX BORCK aaTMHAH Bee npeyseAH'-IeHHH npOTeCTaHTCKOH nOAHTHKH.

I1Cl1XO.I\OIWIEC.KAR BOHHA

531

...KATOAMKH <l>P.AHQllli TIOM£P)I<MBAIOT CBOEfO KOPONI HH Alo~oBHKa XIV, HH apxuenHcKona ApAe ~e l.IIaHBa.JI..JI.OHa He -rpeBO)KHT TO, 'ITO H~O CKOpee C.JI.Y:lKHTb He 6Aaro~apCTBeHHbiH MOAe6eH, a naHHX~y no noso~y pa3rpOMa re~eAb6eprcKoro 3aMKa. B co6ope IIapH)KCKOH EoroMaTepH see speMSI CAbilliHbi 3BYKH opraHa no noso~y C.JI.y)KeHWJ MO.JI.e6HOB. 8-roT TOp)KeCTBeHHbiH rHMH 3B)"''HT nooqepe~Ho TO no noso~y B3HIWI <l>H.hlinc6ypra MoHceHbopoM (HoH6ph 1688 ro~a), TO no noso~y B3HTHH ATa (moHh 1690 ro~a), TO no noso~y no6e~ repuora AloKceM6yprcKoro npH <l>Aeproce (HIO.JI.h 1690 ro~a) H no noso~y no6e~ ~e TypsH.JI.H npH Eese3be (TOT )Ke MeCHU), 3a KOTOpbiMH cAe~yeT no6e~a KaTHHa npH CTa<fl<flap~e (asrycr 1690 ro~a). B anpeAe 1690 ro~a npoxo~wr uepeMOHHH, nocsmneHHaH B3HTHIO ::rrnM )Ke KaTHHa BHAb<flpaHrna, HHuUbi H MoHTaAb6aHa; ~pyroif MOAe6eH CA)?KaT no noso~y B3HTHH MoHca Alo~OBHKOM XIV. B HHBape 1692 ro~a 6o.JI.hrnoif MOAe6eH nocsmneH B3HTHIO MoHMeAhHHa MaprnuoM KaTHHa. B HIOAe 1692 ro~a eme o~HH MOAe6eH 6Aaro~apeHWI 3a B3HTHe HaMIOpa KopoAeM. B asrycre pa3~aiOTCH necHoneHWI B co6ope no noso~y npa3~HOBaHHH no6e~bl npH CTeHKepKe Maprnua AloKceM6yprcKoro, YKpacHBrnero 3HaMeHaMH spara co6op TiapH)KCKOH EoroMaTepH. B Mae 1693 ro~a CAy)KaT 6Aaro~ap CTBeHHbrH MOAe6eH no C.JI.)"''aiO ne'laAbHOH fe~e.JI.h6eprCKOH BOeHHOH Onepau;HHj B HIOHe 6AarO~apHT focno~a 3a B3HTHe MapiiiaAOM ~e HoaifeM Pocaca y HCnaHUes; B asrycre - 3a To, 'ITO repuor AloKceM6yprcKHH paa6HA HaroAosy repuora OpaHcKoro npH HeepBHMeHe. B OKTH6pe nepBbrH MOAe6eH CAy)KaT no noso~y ro~osru;HHbi no6e~bl ~e KaTHHa s Mapcue, BTopoif MOAe6eH oTMe'laeT B3HTHe IllapAepya MaprnuoM AloKceM6yprcKHM. YcnexH Maprnua ~e HoaifH 6y~YT npaa~HosaTbCH B Te'leHHe scero 1694 ro~a: s co6ope IIapH)KCKOH EoroMaTepH s HIOHe B03~aeTCH xsua focno~y 3a ycnelliHYIO 6HTBy npH Tepe H 3a B3HTHe I1uaMoca, B HIOAe npaa~HYeTCH n~eHHe )KepoHbi. H 3~ecb eme pe'Ib ~eT AHIIIb o r AaBHbiX peAHrn03HbiX npa3AHOBaHHHX s co6opax, nocsmneHHbiX soeHHbiM ycnexaM. <l>paHUy3CKOe ~yxoBeHCTBO, ~O.JI.)I(HbiM o6pa30M MOpaAbHO nOAKpenAeHHOe ~eKAapau;HeH l.JeTbipex nOAO)KeHHH OT 1682 ro~a H noAHOCTbiO no~~ep)KHBaJOru;ee H o~o6pHIOru;ee OTMeHY HaHTcKoro 9~HKTa (1685), He TO coo6ru;eCTBo, KOTopoe ~porneT, ycoMHHTC$1 HAH nOTepHeT, XOTH 6bi ~a,)f(e Ha MrnoseHHe, sepy B npasory csepIIIaiOIUHXC$1 ~eA H s no6e~y <flpaHn;y3cKoro opy)KH$1. O~HOH H3 npH'IHH, Bbi3BaBIIIHX BOHHY A yrc6yprcKOH AHrn, 6biAa oTMeHa HaHTcKoro 9~HKTa. I1o9TOMY <flpaHUY3CKOe ~yxoseHCTBO nott~ep)KHBaeT csoero Kopo.J~.H. ,lLMl TaKoro, KaK EropHe, BHAbre.JI.hM OpaHcKHH, KoHe'IHO, HB.JI..SleTC$1 HOBbiM HHcycoM HasHHoM; a ~.JI.H Hepapxos <flpaHUY3CKOH IJ;epKBH Alo~oBHK XIV HB.JI..SleTC$1 cKopee HOBbiM ~as~oM. Mo)KHO 6bi.JI.O 6bi npHBeCTH ~eCHTKH npHMepOB, CB~eTeAhCTBYJOIUHX 0 CO.JI.HttapHOCTH HaHXpHCTHaHHeifrnero Kopo.J~.H H ero Hapo~a (pars cathofica - KaTO.JI.H'leCKOH 'laCTH) H 0 TOM, KaK ~yxoseHCTBO Hanpas-

532

f .1\.ABA XXIII

NleT 3TOT Hapo,n. Ilp~me,neM ,naa ,nocraToqHo npKHX npHMepa. 06a OTHOCHTCH K 1693 ro,ny, j?KaCHOMJ ro,ny BeAHKOrO fOAO,lta. IlepBbxH npHae,neH enHcKonoM HHMCKHM. Bhlcrynan nepe.n urraTaMH AaHre,noKa, 8cnpn <t>Aelllbe a caoen peqn roaopHT o e,nHHCTBe TPOHa, aATapn H Hapo.na, KOTOpoe cymecrayeT B AaHHOe BpeMS~. «PeAHrHH, - yrnep)K.ltaeT OH, - 3TO OCH0Ba co6AJO,neHHH cy6opttHHauHH H nopMKa; OHa c,nep:llmaaeT caoen ,no6pOTOn BAaCTb KopoAen, OHa, 83bWaH K HX COBeCTH, o6ecneqHBaeT aepHOCTb no,n,naHHbiX, oHa aocnHTbmaeT ,no6poBOAbHOe no,n~eHHe CBOeMJ KOpOAIO B AIOAHX, OTAaiOinHX eMJ CBOe cep,nue, a B KOpoAHX- He06XOAHM}'IO 3aBHCHMOCTb OT focno,na, OHa npettCTaBNieT CaMHM o6paaoM MOHapxoa BeAUqHe H CHAY focno.na, a a cMHpeHHH H noCAJlllaHHH no,n,naHHbiX - caM o6paa H.Hcyca XpHcra, OAHHX oHa yqHT ,no6poTon cHHaoifm, a .npyrnx nyTeM noAHoro ,noaepHH npnno,nHHThCH .no caMoro TPOHa. Ha aToro .nyxoaHoro e,nHHeHHH po)K.ltaeTcH nopMOK H aceo6mee cqaCTbe» 39• BTopbiM npHMepoM MO)KeT nOCAJ?KHTb nponoae,nb OTUa Eyp,naAy, npoqUTaHHaH no noao.ny OKO~aHHH po)K.lteCTBeHcKoro nocra 1693 ro,na H nocaHineHHan MHFY· Oparop aocKAHUaeT: «Da pacem, Domine» («,ll;an, rocno,nH, MHp AIOAHM TBOHM»). Ho rocno,nb, noKpOBHTeAbCTByJOlllHH JCTaHOBAeHHIO MHpa, HBNieTCH TeM )Ke f ocnO,ltOM, KOTOpbrH noKpOBHTeAbCTBJeT aoncKaM. BOT noqeMJ, ecAH Alo,noam< ,noA)KeH 6biTh MHpoAJ06HBbiM, ero .nyxoaHHK He BHJlllaeT eMY HHKaKOro nauncpH3Ma. MHpa )KeAaiOT eMJ, KOpOAeBCTBJ H BCeM xpHCTHaHaM, HO pe% H,lteT 0 MHpe, KOTOpbrH ANI Hac 6y,neT AOCTHrHJT B pe3JAbTaTe no6e,nbi, 0 MHpe, KOTOporo ANI HaC A06HACH no6e,naMH TOT, KTO BOCCTaHOBHA 80 <t>paHUHH peAHm03Hoe e,nHHcrao. «H6o,--: roaopHT erne Eyp,naAy,HHCKOAhKO He aa6bman o caHTOCTH Moen AOA)KHOCTH H He CTPalllacb TOro, ~ MeHH 6yAJT 06BHHHTb B TOM, ~ H B03HOlllJ HenpaBAHByJO xaaAy BaM, Ballle BeAHqecrao, n ,noA)KeH, KaK nponoae,nHHK EaaHreAHH, 6AaroCAoBNITb He6o, Kor.na BH)Ky, Cup, a BallleM AHUe KopoNIaaaoeaaTeNI H caMoro 6oAbllloro aaaoeaareNI H3 acex KopoAen, KOTopbm TeM He MeHee BCIO CBOIO CAa.BJ ynOTPe6NieT ANI TOro, ~6 6biTh cero,nHH npH3HaHHbiM KopoAeM-MHpoAI06ueM H npoCAaBAeHHbiM cpe.nn BCeX KOpOAen MHpa. JI ,ltOA)KeH B npHCJTCTBHH Been xpHCTHaHCKOn ay,nHTOpHH aoaneCTH focno,ny 6Aaro.napCTBeHHyJO MOAHTBy, Kor,na n BH)KY a AHUe Balllero BeAUqecraa CAaaHoro H Heno6e,nHMoro Monapxa, ace nOMbiCAbi KOToporo nanpaaAeHbi na TO, qro6bi JMHpOTBOpHTb Eapony, ace ycHAHH KOTOporo npHAaraiOTcH ANI Toro, ~6bi TPYAHThCH so HMH 3TOro HAH cnoco6craoaaTb 3TOMJ, ace qecroAJ06He KOToporo no,n~eHo TOMJ, qro6bi npeycneTb a 3TOM, H KOTOpbm 6Aaro,napn aceMY 3TOMJ Ha aeMAe BOnAOinaeT BHAHMbxH o6paa Toro, OT~ Hoe caoncrao KOTo~oro, no CamueHHOMJ IlHcaHHIO, 6biTh 6oroM aoiiHbi H 6oroM MHpa» 6• IlpoUIAo acero AHlllb ceMh c noAOBHHon Mecnuea C TeX nop, KaK 6biAH OCKBepHeHbi MOrHAbl IlcpaAbUCKHX KypcpropCTOB. ,lJ;AH cppaHUJ3CKoro KaTOAHKa, OT MapKH3bi ,ne MeHTenon ,no npocroro pa60THHKa, OT enHCKOna AO npOCTbiX npHXO,ltCKHX CBHineHHH-

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536

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538

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Aro~oBHK

XIV craA AH"'HO npasHTb crpruwii, B To BpeMa Ka.K BO BpeMeHa PinneAhe H MaaapHHH oHH rrpoHcxo~HA.H qacro H 6bmaAH qacro KpOBa.BbiMH7• cho llHCbMQ-«)'KOp» CaMO llO ce6e He HMeeT 60AblliOrO 3Ha"ieHWI. Ta.K qacro 6biBaeT co BceMH TeKcraMH, KOTOpbie CKopee npe~cra.BNI IOT HcropH"ieCKHH HHTepec. O~HaKo ::rro nHCbMO noKa3hmaeT - eCAH nopaaMbiiliNITh H~ AH"'HOCTbiO 6y~ymero npeAaTa,- 'ITO xo~bi KpoTa y?Ke ~eAaiOTCH no~ napTepaMH BepcaNI H 'ITO TepMHTbi Ha"'HHaiOT rpbi3Tb 30AO"ieHbie o6rnHBKH creH 3aMKa. M aTa onno3HUWI Aro~oBHKY XIV ocraeTcn TaHHOH. Kor~a onn03HUHOHHbie pe"'H cMM"iaiOTcn ycraMH Ta.KHX, KaK DOBHAbe H <l>paHcya3a ~'06HHbe, OHH TepHIOT CBOH 6YHTapCKHH xapa.KTep, nepexo~HT B 06bNHYJO cpopM)' ~HaAora, ~aiOT nHrnY ~NI pa3MbiinAeHHii. ,ll;a?Ke eCAH MapKH3a ~e MeHTeHOH HeMHoro H pa3~pa?KaeT cBoero KopoAeBcKoro cyrrpyra, oH ee MO?KeT YCAbiiliaTb H noCAyrnaTh. ,ll;a?Ke Kor~a EoBHAbe npHBO~HT MHO?KeCTBO B03pa?KeHHH peAHrH03HOro xapa.KTepa, KOpOAb, ueHHiliHH ero "ieCTHOCTb H npHMory, npHCAyrnHBaeTCH K ero MHeHHIO, XOTH o6lliHH Hacrpou 9TOrO "ieAOBeKa eMy qy~. fopaa~o 6oAee cepbe3HbiM npe~CTaBNieTCH TaiiHbm croBop Ta.KHX, Ka.K <l:>eHeAOH H ~e llieBpe3, 0 KOTOpbiX BCe B KOpOAeBCTBe ~YMaiOT, 'ITO OHH CTaHyT Kor~a-HH6y~b coBeTHHKaMH Aro~oBHKa XVI (Ta.KOBbiM CTaA 6bi repuor Eyp~CKHii, eCAH 6bi eM)' H MoHceHbOpy c~eHo 6biAO ?KHTb H uapCTBoBaTb). 8TOT croBop TeM 6oAee onaceH, "'TT OH Ka?KeTCH nporpeCCHBHbiM, a Ha caMOM ~eAe peaKUHOHeH H, BnpO"ieM, Ta.K ?Ke rrpOTHBope"'HB, Ka.K napAaMeHTCKaH Ollll03HUWI, cyrneCTBoBa.BlliaH ~o H nOCAe rrpasAeHWI Aro~oBHKa XIV. B caMbm paarap BoiiHbi Aro~oBHKY XIV coBceM He HY?KHbi 6biAH TaKHe «MHHHbie noN!». nOAhll.IAR MOEHAM3AIJ;IDI K cqaCTbiO, B KOpoAeBCTBe 6biA ?KHB ~yx BepHoCTH KopoAIO. Bo <l>paHUHH 6hiAO HeMHoro, a TeM 6oAee cpe~H npOCTbiX npa.soBepHbiX KaTOAHKOB, Ta.KHX, Ka.K a66aT ~e <f>eHeAOH, KOTOpbie M)"''HAHCb 6bi yrpbi3eHHHMH COBeCTH HAH nepe?KHBaAH 6bi H3-3a TOro, "'TT Hall.IHMH BoncKaMH 6biAH paarpa6AeHbi aeMAH Me~y PeiiHoM H HeKKapoM. 8TOT Hapo~ xo~HT B uepKOBb CAyrnaTh cBoero KIOpe. A Be~b ~yxoBeH CTBO H npHXO?KaHe BMecre CMa.KyiOT (H ~0 CHX nop) aMOpaAbH)'lO OTMeHY HaHTcKoro a~HKTa H noAyqaiOT OT ::rroro y~oBOAbCTBHe; a y~o BOAbCTBHe 3'1'0 nponopUHOHaAbHO peAHrH03HOCTH K~OH npOBHHUHH, H oco6eHHO OHO 3aMeTHO B 6bmlliHX aeMNJX KopoNI McnaHHH, <l>paHrnKoHTe HAH <f>A~pHH. Kanepbl (HAH KOpcapbi) ,lJ;IOHKepKa, KOTOpbie ~OcraBHT CTOAbKO HenpWITHOCTeH cpAOTy KOaAHUHH, O?KHBHAHCb, KQHe"'HO, llOTOM)', "'TT XOTHT 3axBaTHTb KOpa6AH, a MO?KeT 6hiTb, llOTOM)', 'ITO C"'HTaiOT Aro~oBHKa XIV 6oAblliHM noKpOBHTeAeM HX ropo~a. B ::rroii BOHHe, nOCAe roro Ka.K 6biA cBep~ c TPOHa RKoB II H OHH HaCAyrnaAHcb nceB~o6H6AeiicKHX peqeu npHHUa OpaHcKoro, OHH CTaAH erne 6oAbrne npoHBNITb ce6n Ka.K peBHOCTHbie KaTOAHKH.

ITCHXOAO~ECKARBOHHA

539

He HJ?KHO 3a6hman. o TOM, 'ITO, XOT.Ii 9TH !.(Be BeutH CB.Ii3aHhi Me:>Kt(y co6oR (ot.(o6peHHe aHTHnpoTecraHTH3Ma, 03a6o'<leHHOCTh 6oAe3Hhl0 KopoAH), creneHh nonyAHpHoCTH Alot.(OBHKa XIV CHAhHO B03poCAa y)Ke B Ha'<laAe 1687 rot.(a. TaKoR asropHTeT He MO)KeT nc'<le3Hyn. 3a t.(Ba rot.(a. BoRHa (llAIOc eme Ot.(Ha BORHa) He MO)KeT Bhi3hiBan. 3HTY3Ha3M. B 1688 n 1689 rot.(ax OHa MO)KeT HpasliThc.li TOAhKO HeKOTophiM Kat(pOBhiM oqmuepaM H nopTOBhiM HerounaHTaM, 3aHHMaiOU{HMC.Ii KanepcrBoM. Ho He npoWAo H rot.(a, KaK cppaHUY3hi noHJIAH, 'ITO B BORHe t.(OA)KHhi noMoran. Bee, He3asHCHMo OT npHHat(Ae)KHOCTH K COCAOBHIO HAH KAaccy. J1 KOpOAh, 3TOT MOHapx, KOTOpoMY OIUITh craAH t.(eMoHcrpHpoBan. cBoe BocxHmeHne, nepBhiM not.(aeT npHMep TaKoro yqaCTHJ~ B BORHe. BoiiHa c Ayrc6yprcKOR AHrOR 6yt.(eT Ht(TH He Ha cppaauy3CKOR TeppHTOpHH, eCAH He C'<IHTaTh 6oM6apt.(HpOBKH HaiiiHMH aparaMH nopTOB 3anat(Horo no6epe)KhJi. Henocpet.(CTBeHHaH TJ'[)Kecn. OT noR Bomr He 6yt.(eT, CAet.(OBaTeAhHO, nat(aTh Ha KpeCTh.liH {pa3Be '<ITO 9THM 6et.(OAafaM npHI.(eTCJi Bhmep)KaTh Aet.(JiHOR HaTHCK HenOfOI.(hl 3HM 1693- 1694 rot.(oB!). ToAhKO MOAOI.(hie AIOI.(H HH3IIIero coCAOBH.Ii not.(aepraiOTCJi pHCKY 6hiTh M06HAH30Ba.HHbiMH. KopOAh Ha'<IHHaeT CBOIO BOelffi)'IO KaMIIamno c BORCKOM B 100 000 qeAoBeK, a n.IAy y Hero ocraeTc.li CTOAhKO )Ke. Hoc rot.(aMH, no Mepe pa3BHTHJi aomx, OH t.(OA)KeH 6yt.(eT yaeAH'<IHTh '<IHCAO CBOHX COAI.(aT. 0t.(HaKO Bep6oBKa H Ha6op {KOTOphie qacro npHHHMaiOT HacHAhCTBeHHhie cpopMhx), JiBAJi!OU{HeCJi HOpMaAhHOR not.(IIHTKOR peryAHpHhiX BORCK, no~ eme HHTeHCHBHee. l1 t.(a)Ke 3HaTHhiM MOAOI.(hiM AIOt(JIM TPYI.(HO 6yt.(eT o6oi1TH M06HAH3awuo192• Bnpo'<leM, eme AO TOro, KaK Ha'<laAaCh BoiiHa, MapKH3 Ae Ayaya ycraHOBHA 29 H0.1i6p.li 1688 rot.(a HOBhiH nopJ'[t(OK Ha6opa: C03t.(aHHe MHAHueRCKHX OTPJii:tOB. Pe'<lh WAa o AOnOAHHTeAhHhiX nocro.liHHhiX BORCKax, COCTOJill{HX H3 peKpyTOB, Ha6pa.HHbiX B TeX npHXOI.(ax, Ha KOTOphie YKa3hffiaAH HHTeHAaHTI.I; 9TH peKpyn.x Ha6npaAHch no )Kpe6HIO. MHAHUeRcKHe noAKH BhmOAH.IiAH CBOR AOAr (6e3 oco6oro 3HTY3Ha3Ma) AO CaMOfO 1697 rot.(a. lJacn. 3THX nOAKOB OTO~eT K apMHH MapiiiaAa KaTHH{l, t.(eRCTBOBaBIIIeR B AAhnax. ~pyme 6yAYT CA~ B cpopTax HAH OCTaHYTC.Ii Ha reppHTOpHH ct>paHUHH. HaxoAHCh not( KOMaHAOBaHHeM MeCTHhiX t.(BOp.liH H HMeJi 3HMHHe Ka3apMhi Ha CBOeH TeppHTOpHH, MHAHUeRCKHe OTPMhi He 6yt.(YT nOABepran.cH cephe3HOMY pHcKy H c HHMH 6yAYT HenAOXO o6paman.cJi. 9-fa BepHOCTh KOpOAIO 6hiAa Heo6xot.(HMa, '<IT06hi <l>paHUHJI CMOfAa BhiHeCTH 6e3 BCJIKHX 6YHTOB BOelffi)'IO COBpeMelffi)'IO CA~6y, KOTOpa.li 3apOI.(HAaCh B Te fOI.(hl. <l>AOT TO)Ke TPe6oaaA cBoero nonoAHeHH.Ii. Ho 3TOT pe)KHM «qyt.(OBHU{HOI'O npecca», JiBAJIIOU{nHCJi noaceMeCTHhiM H nOBCIOI.(Y Bhl3hffiaiOIUHH npOKA.IiTHJi, 6hiA H HenonyAHpHhiM, H Het.(OCTaTO'<IHO 3cpcpeKTHBHhiM. QqeHh csoespeMeHHhiM nonoMY 6hiA YKa3 KopoAH o MopcKnx cHAax H MO~CKHX apceHaAax, H3AaHHhiH Alot.(OBHKOM XIV 15 anpeAH 1679 rot.(a: 1 cHcreMa ycraaoaAeHH.Ii rot.(a npH3hma, npek IIIeCTBeHHHUa Haiiiero yqeTa BOeHH006Ji3aHHhiX MOpHKOB, 6hiAa, K C'<laCThiO, BOCCTaHOBAeHa H '<leTKO onpet.(eAeHa.

540

fAABAXXIII

EoraTbie, npettCTa.BHTeAH cytte6Horo BettOMCTBa, 6yp)KyaaiDI 6hiJ\H npHBAe'JeHbi HAM M06HAM30BaHbl COrAaeHO ttpyrHM npHHUHIIaM: npe)I(HuH pe)KHM, HeeM<rrpH Ha He.ztOCTaTO'IHO xopolli)'IO opraHH3ar.uuo HaAoroo6Ao)KeHHH, Bcertta YMeA B CAyqae Heo6xottHMOCTH o6AO)KHTb HaAOrOM Tex, KTO MOr nAaTHTb. B Ha'laAe 1689 rotta KOpOAb 3aCTaBAHeT BHOeHTb ,ltOnOAHHTeAbHbie B3HOCbl nO'ITH BCeX BbieOKOnoCTaBAeHHblX ,ltOA)KHOCTHblX AHll, npeBpaiUaeT MHOrne ,ltOA)KHOCTH, paHee nenoAHHeMbie no nopyqeHHI<>, B noCTOHHHbie, Bee qame H qame TPe6yeT OT ocpcpnebe, KynHBIIIHX cBoiO ,ltOA)KHOCTb, HAM OT Tex, KTo eo6npaeTeH ee KynHTb, H3bi eKHBaTb cpettCTBa .l{AH BblXO,lta H3 CAQ)KHBIIIeroeH noAO)KeHIDI. B HOH6pe IIITaTbi AaHrettoKa BHOCHT TP" MHAAHOHa B Ka'leCTBe «6e3B03Me3,ltHOrO ttapa» BMeCTO nOAO)KeHHbiX 26 ttByx MHAAHOHOB • B tteKa6pe nponcxottHT tteBaAbBauiDI, KOTopaH 60AbHO y ttapHAa no TeM, KTO OTKAa,ltbffiaA 30AOTbie MOHeTbi: «...KopoAb noMeHHA Beeb MOHeTHhiH 3anae KopoAeBCTBa. OH pacnopH)KaeTeH, 'IT06bi OCTa.BHAM TOAbKO Ha O,ltHOH cropoHe MOHeTbl ero o6AHK, a Ha ttpyroH CTOpOHe 30AOTOH MOHeTbl (AYH.ztOpa) OH 3aCTaBAHeT OT'leKaHHTb TO, 'ITO 6biAO Ha eepe6pHHOH MOHeTe; a Ha eepe6pHHOH MOHeTe - TO, 'ITO 6biAO oneKaHeHo Ha 30AOTOH. Kortta 3Ta HoBaH MOHeTa 6ytteT BbffiyrlleHa, 3Kl0 6ytteT CTOHTb 3 AHBpa H 6 ey, a AYH.ztOp- 12 AHBpOB H 10 ey; H TaK KaK Tenepb AYH.ztOp CTOHT Beero AHillb 11 AHBpOB H 12 ey, KOpOAb BbmrpaeT 18 ey Ha K~OH nHCTOAH (crapHHHaH 30AOTaH MOHeTa.- flpu.Me'lt. nepee.) H 4 ey Ha K~OM 6eAOM 3KI0»26 • I1pHBAe'leHHe K CA~6e BOeHHOrO ,ltBOpHHCTBa, KCTaTH, HeO,AHHaKQBO 6oraroro, npasottHTeH CaMbiM noKa3HbiM o6pasoM. KopoAeBeKHMH rpaMOTaMH OT 26 cpeBpaAH 1689 rotta e03bffiaeTCH cpeO,ltaAbHOe OnOA'leHHe. TaK Ha3hmaeMhie 6ettHhie eeAbeKHe ttBopHHe MOryT, no Bbipa)KeHHIO Bo6aHa, npettcraBAHTb eo6oii «eaMbie nAOXHe BoiicKa Ha eBeTe»136. Ho 'ITO )Ke notteAaTb. YBettoMAeHIDI o Mo6HAM3auHH pastta.IOTCH BeiOttY KaK TPy6Hbrii KAH'l: caMOMY nOCAe.ztHeMY 6pottHre CTaHOBJITCjl HeHo, 'ITO noMeuuum TaK )Ke nott'IIDUDOTCH 3aKOH)', KaK H Bee. Ho HaMAyqiiiHM o6pa30M H 3cpcpeKTHBHee Beex Ha npH3bffi MOHapxa OTBe'la.IOT ttBOpHHe, KOTOpbie, no TPattmum, Beertta 6hiAH Ha BoeHHon CA~6e. AyqiiDIMH H3 HHX HBNII<ITCH npH.ltBOpHbie, KOTOpbiM 'lHH nOAKOBHHKa ,ltaeTeJl B O'leHb paHHeM B03pacre, KOr,lta eme HOCHT CAIOHHB'IHK, H HX 6pbl)KH BeKope CTaHOBHTeH o6arpeHHbiMH KpOBhiO, B TPH.ltllaTb AeT oHH noAY'Ja.IOT 'lHH reHepaAa, a B copoK - MapiiiaAa. KpYfiHbie ToproBllbi c YAHllhi CeH-,lJ;eHH, KOTOpbie nenhlTbmaAH MeAO'IHYIO peBHOCTb AH6o CTPax craTb poroHoeuaMH H pam,IIIe 6biAH nOAHbl capKa3Ma no OTHOIIIeHHIO K MOAO,ltblM npH.ltBOpHbiM, Tenepb YBH.ltHT, 'ITO TaKoe HaAor KpOBbiO. 3a ttBa rotta, c HJOAH 1690 no asrycr 1692 rotta, ttOM tt'OKeHKyp (MoHIIIH) TepHeT TPex H3 eBoHX '!AeHOB, Bee TPOe - noAKOBHHKH. B ttHeBHHKe ,lJ;aH)KO noMemeH ttAHHHhrii HeKpoAor, B KoropoM nepe'IHCAeHbi y6HTbiMH HAM paHeHhiMH TPHCTa eopoK IIIeCTb ocpnuepoB, 3HaKOMhiX asTopa, no'ITH Bee npH.ltBOpHhie200. Ha 3TOH noAyocpHllHaAbHOH ttoeKe noqeTa ynoMHHa.IOTeH

ITCHXOAO~CKARBOHHA

541

KoA~>6epbi ruiTb paa, po~ AapoUI¢YKo - 'leTbipe paaa, po~ <l>pyAe ~e Tecce, ceMbH ~e MopHe, AoTapHHrCKIDi ~oM- no TPH paaa. l<To xo'leT noHpa.BHTbCH KopoAIO H no~aTb npHMep soikKaM, KaJK.l()'IO secny n epBbiM OTnpa.BAHeTCH Ha BOHny, a OCeHhiO B03BpaUiaeTCH OTI')'~a noCAe~HHM; B naqaAe 1696 ro~a AIO~OBHK XIV nocra.BHT B ynpeK repuory ~e Aaj>epTe, 'ITO on ye3:>KaeT nocAe~HHM H npHe3:>KaeT nepBhiM c ¢poHTa . TaKHM o6paaoM, see KopoAeBCTBO 6hiAO npH3BaHO npoHBHTb csoero po~a HauHOHa.hbH)'IO co~apHoCTb, KOTopaH 6y~eT c~enAeHa TMOTaMH o'leHh :>KeCTKoro no~Ylll"oro HaAora B 1695 ro~y . A KopoA~>, CKa:>KeM, 'ITO C~eAaA KpOMe TOrO, 'ITO nOCAaA no~ nynrKH CBOHX no~~aHHhiX caMoro paaHoro so3pacra? Ero BKA~ B HauHOHa.hbH)'IO o6opony orpaHH'IHACH TeM, 'ITO oH B3HA ropo~ H KpenoCTb HaMIOp? HeT, AIO~OBHK ~eiiCTByeT KaK MOHapx, necynum noAH)'IO OTBeTCTBeHHoCTb 3a Bee, KaK KOpOAb, KOTOpbm C'lHTaeTCH C MHeHHeM CBOHX no~~aHHhiX, OCMeAHMCH CKa3aTb, C HX qyBCTBaMH, a BOBCe He KaK ~ecnoT HAH ¢an¢apoH. AIO~OBHK XIV ne TOA~>Ko caM soiOeT Ha ¢poHTe co sceii KopoAeBCKOH ceMbeii, no H o6peKaeT ce6.s~ Ha 6oA~>UIHe :>KepTBbi. B 1688 ro~y «~BOpUOBhie nQCTPOHKH, Ha KOTOpbie )'lllAO MHOrO ~eHer, ero 6eCKOHe'lHO p~OBaAH, OH AI060BaACH HMH B KOMnaHHH AIO~eH, KOTOpblX y~oCTaHBaA csoeii ~py:>K6bx» 49 • Y:>Ke B 1689 ro~y KopoA~> pe3KO coKpaUiaeT TPaTbi Ha CTPOHTeAI>CTBO. 2 ~eKa6pH 1689 ro~a MapKH3 ~e ,ll;an:>Ko 3anHcbmaeT: «KopoA~> npHKaahmaeT H3'bHTb 6oA~>Uioe KOAH'leCTBo AOUI~eH H3 60AI>UIOH H MaAOH KOHIOllleH, 'ITO ~aAO 3KOHOMHIO B 100 000 3KIO 3a ro~». AIO~oBHK He MO:>KeT 3anepeTb Bepca.hb na KAIO'l, 3aKpblTb MapAH H TpHaHOH, aanepeTbCH s TIOHA~>pH ~AH TOrO, 'lT06bi noHpa.BHTbCH CBOHM nO~~aHHbiM H no~aTb npHMep '1pe3BbNaHHOH 3KOHOMHH. &ro 03Ha'laAO 6bl ~AH Esponhx: <l>panUHH na Hcxo~e cHA, oHa He cnoco6Ha npoTHsocroHTb KOaAHUHH. Ha 3TH onacHhie H qpe3MepHbie :>KeCTbi AIO~OBHK XIV He ~eT, HO see, 'ITO MO:>KHO 6blAO C~eAaTb B ~aHHhlX yCAOBHHX, OH c~eAaA. TpaTbi Ha ~BopUOBhie nOCTPOHKH, KOTOpbie B 1688 ro~y ~OCTHrAH 7 389 375 AHBpos, cHH:>Ka.IOTCH HanoAOBHny Ka:>K~hm ro~ . B 1689 ro~y OHH yrtaAH ~0 3 571 552 ¢paHKOB; B 1690 ro~y OHH y:>Ke CHH3HAHCb ~0 1 569 781 AHBpa. B CeH-)KepMeHe HCTPa'leHo B 1688 ro~y 147 779 AHBpos, a B 1690 ro~y - TOAI>KO 22 195 AHBpos. B MapAH B TO :>Ke caMoe speMH TPaTbi CHH:>Ka.IOTCJI c 283 412 ~o 87 630 ¢panKOB. B CBH3H c soiiHoii 3HaMeHHTbxe pa6oTbi na peKe 8p H Ha MeHTeHOHCKOM KaHaAe npHOCTaHa.BAHBaiOTCH no ~BYM npH'lHHaM: H3-3a HeXBaTKH ~eHer H OTCYTCTBHH pa6o'IHX PYK· B 1688 ro~y 3TH pa6oTbi CTOHAH 1 932 376 ¢panKos; s 1689 ro~y TPaTbi CHH3HAHCb ~o 871 731 ¢panKa; B 1690 ro~y OHH cocra.BAHAH scero AHlllb 40 000 AHBpos45. B~no, 'ITO AIO~oBHK He c AerKHM cep~ueM 3a6pocHA 3TH pa6oTbi, apxHTeKropoM KOTOpbiX OH ce6H C'lHTaA H 3a npoBe~eHHeM KOTOpbiX 30pKO CAe~HA. On s KaKOH-To crenenH npHHocHT cso10 :>KepTBy rocy~apCTBy H Ha[(HH, TO eCTb OT'IH3He.

542

fJ\.ABAXXlll

l.J:To6hi rro6y.l(HTh .l(sop H ITapH:>K rrpH.l(ep"msaThcsr ocpHUHa.AbHOH IIOAH'THKH 3KOHOMHH, 14 ,l(eKa6psr 1689 ro.l(a KopoAh H3,l(aer YKa3 «0 perAaMeiiTauHH IOSeAHpHbiX pa60T H rrpOH3SO,l(CTBa IIOCY,l(hl H3 30AoTa H cepe6pa»: see cepe6po 6oraThiX cppaHUy3os .l(OA:>KHO 6blTh OT,l(aHO Ha MoHeTHhiH ,l(sop. H TYT Ero BeAH'1ecrso rro.l(aeT rrpHMep. Y:>Ke 3 .l(eKa6psr rrpH.l(sopHbie Y3HaiOT, "<ITO OH «3acrasHA rrepeiiAasHTb see CSOe IIpeKpacHOe CTOAOSOe cepe6po H, HeCMOTPSI Ha .l(OpOrOCTOSII.UYIO 26 roseAHpHYIO pa6ory, ,l(a:>Ke cpHAHrpaHHhie semH» • Cepe6pHHasr sepca.AbcKasr Me6eAb- HH'1ero 6oAee y.l(HSHTeAhHOro HHKTO HHKOr,l(a paHee He BH.l(eA - OTIIpasAHeTcsr Ha rrepeiiAaBKy. 9TH pa60Thi Ha'1HHaiOTCH 12 .l(eKa6pR 1689 ro.l(a H rrpo.l(OA:>KaiOTCH .l(O 19 Masr 1690 ro.l(a. B Te"<~eHne IIRTH MecRues rro.l(pR.l( KOpOAh CMOTPHT, KaK MaAo-rroMaAY HC'1e3aiOT IIpOH3Be,l(eHHSI HCKyCCTBa H3 ,l(paroueHHhlX MeTaAAOB: «CeKpeTepbi, CTOAhi, KpyrAhte CTOAHKH Ha O.l(HOH HO:>KKe, CYH,l(YKH, KpeCAa, CTYAhR, Ta6ype1'bt, .l(AHHHhte y3KHe CKaMhH co crrHHKaMH, .l(Be CTOHKH a.fl.hKOBHhie c rrepHAaMH (sec o6eHx .l(OXO.l(HA .l(O 57 489 ynUHH), KaMHHHhie perueTKH, 3epKaAhHhie orrpashi, Topwepht, :>KHpaH.l(OAH, 6pa, IIO.l(CBe'1HHKH, Hecphi, Ta3hi, Ba3hi, ypHhi, KYBWHHhiaMcpopbi, KysWHHhl H3 cepe6pa HAH 30AOTa, cpAaKOHbi, '1aWH BeCOB, IIO,l(HOCbl, COAOHKH, ropWKH ,l(ASI UBeTOB, KypHAbHHUbl, HI.UHKH ,l(ASI arreAbCHHOBhiX ,l(epeBbeB, HOCHAKH, Be,l(ltoa, KAeTKH, '1epHHAhHHUbi, IIep'1aT0'1HHUbi, KOA6bi, IIAeBaTeAbHHUbl» , Y:>Ke He rosopsr 0 BCRKHX 6apeAbecpax H craryaTKax H He C'1HTaH 668 KOMIIAeKTOB cepe6p.miOH cpHAHrpaHH, CHRTOH C «C~YKOB, Aapeif, KOp060K, Ba3, IIO,l(CBe'1HHKOS, CTYAheB, ceKpeTepos H T . .£(.». Bcero AHWh ceMb AeT Ha3a.l( KopoAh rroceAHACH OKOH'1aTeAhHO B BepcaAe. H BOT H3 faAepeH sepKaA H arrapTaMeiiTOB Ka:>K.l(YIO He,l(eAIO HOCHAhmm<H C 6eCCTPaCTHbiM B30pOM BblliOCSIT Me6eAh, KaK H3 KaKorO-HH6y.l(h 6yp:>Kya3HOrO ,l(OMa, r.l(e TOAhKO "<ITO OIIHCaAH HM)'IUeCTBO. H6o soifHa, Koropasr se.l(ercsr, RBAHeTCH TOTa.AbHOH BOHHOH. 0Ha OTMeHsreT ,l(e-cpaKTo see rrpHBHAernH. B 1690 ro.l(y rAasHasr rrpHBHAernsr KopoAH <l>paHUHH- 6hlTh scer,l(a (.l(a:>Ke s ThiAy, ,l(a:>Ke B BepcaAe) Ha rrepe.l(OBOH AHHHH cppoHTa.

rAaBa XXIV

KOPOAL TAKOB, KAKOB OH ECTL EcAH y AIO.~teil Hawero paHra ecTb 3ai<OHHa.JI r op.ltOCTb, TO y HHX eCTb H CKpOMHOCTb, H CMHpeHHe, KOTOpbie He MeHee UOXBaAbHbl.

A10ooeu" XIV H eMHorne AIO.ltH yMeiOT 6b1Tb crapbiMH.

AapowifJyKo ECAH Alo.l(OBHK nocAe HHMBereHcKoro MHpa 6hiA Ha seplllHHe CBOeH CAaBbi, Mbl SH,l(HM, KaK noCAe nO,l(llHCaHlUI PMcBHKCKOrO MHpa OKOH'-IaTeAbHO BbipHCOBbiSaeTcH ero xapaKTep. EM)' 59 AeT. HecMorpH Ha npHcrynbi no.l(arpbl, OH He06biKHOBeHHO KpenOK, 6AarO,l(apH TOM)', '-ITO MHOrO speMeHH npOBO,lUIT Ha CBe:IKeM B03,nyxe H MROrO ,l(BHraeTCH sonpeKH HeAenbiM npe,nnHcaHHHM ero AH'-IHOro spaqa. OH see 6oAhllle H 60Abllle OT,naeTCa o6mecrseHHbiM H rocy,napCTBeHHbiM ,neAaM. MeHbWe '-leM aa ,nes}!Tb AeT, c 1683 no 1691 ro,n, OH noTepHA csoHx A)"'lllHX MHHHCTpOB (KoAb6epa, CeHbeAe, AyBya). OTHbiHe OH caM noAHOCTbiO yCTaHasAHBaeT csoii AH'-IHbrn perAaMeHT :IKH3HH. «0H SO seeM CKpynyAe3HO npH.l(ep:IKHSaeTCH 3TOrO pacnop.sutKa, IUMHT Ka:IK,l(biH qac Ka:IK,l(OrO ,l(HH, BBO,l{HT TaKOH nop.sutOK, '-ITO BCer,na BCeM H3BeCTHO, KOf,l(a OH SCTaeT, KOr,na o6e,naeT, HaHOCHT SH3HTbi, oxOTHTca, ,naeT ay,nHeHUHH, Kor,na aace,naeT s coseTe H Kor,na 86 AO:IKHTCa cna:Tb» . OH, B cymHoCTH, aBNieTCH nAeHHHKOM CHCTeMhi, KOTopyro caM ycraHosHA, H npHrosopeH :IKHTh Ha sH,l(y y scex, s re'-leHHe scero ,l(HH, TaK '-leTKO pacnHcaHHoro no qacaM. KopoAb ,noA:~KeH AH6o YAhi6aTbCa, AH6o ocrasaTbcH 6eccrpaCTHbiM ,nNI .ztsopa, ,nNI HHOCTpaHHbiX ,l(HllAOMaTOB, ,l(NI nO,l(,l(aHHbiX CBOero KOpOAeBCTBa, ,l(NI CBOHX coi03HHKos B Espone HAM ,l(NI CBOHX sparos B TOH :IKe Espone. 3a Hrpoii ero AHna Ha6AIO.ztaiOT, Ka:IK.ztbiH mrraeTcH yrMaTb no ero AHny, '-ITO oH .zt)'MaeT H KaKoso ero OTHOllleHHe. MapKH3 .zte Cyplll HaM pacCKa3bmaeT, HanpHMep, '-ITO 28 moNI 1704 ro.zta 6hiA «06bi'lHbiM .ztHeM, 6e3 C06biTHH, HO TaK KaK KOpOAb, npOTHB 06hiKHOBeHHH, Ka3aACa .l{OSOAbHO ne'-laAhHbiM, npH.l(SOpHbie lllenTaAHCb, SbiCKa3biSaAH .ztpyr .ztpyry npe.ztnOAO:IKeHHH, '-ITO, HasepHOe, KOpOAb nOA)"'HA 97 nAmrne HOSOCTH H3 fepMaHHH» . CAosoM, KopoAescKHH cqmHKc ,l(OA:IKeH OCTaBaTbC}l 6 eccrpaCTHbiM, '-IT06bi He Sbl3bffiaTb HHKaKHX AH'IHbiX TOAKOS. TaK :IKe, KaK B 1697 H S 1707 ro.ztax, KaK S 1686, TaK H B 1986 ro.zty 0 Alo.ztOSHKe cy.ztHT no KaKHM-TO SHeWHHM npO}IBAeHHHM. C Hero nHlllYT npeKpacHhie noprpen1, AhCTHBO Hao6pa:~KaH ero Ha csoHx noAOTHax (KaK Pmo) HAH npHnHCbiSaH eM)' :IKeCTOKHe qepTbi Ha CTpaHHnax csoHX KHHr {KaK CeH-CHMOH), HO see 3TH noprpen1 noKa-

fJ\ABAXXN

544

ahmaiOT, q-ro o nepcoHe AIOAOBm<a

XIV y

9THX aBTopoB 6hiAO BeChMa

noBepXHocTHoe cy)K,ll;eHue. Ha KapTHHe Puro KopoAb noKaaau BO Bceu CBOeH CAaBe H BeAH'iHH; B KHHre CeH-CHMOHa BhiiUI'IeHhi qepThi AeCOOTa-arOHCTa. If B nOpTpeTe rpacpH'<leCKOM, H B nopTpeTe AHrepaTYPHOM aaneqaTAeH OAHH-e,l(HHCTBeHHhrH MOMeHT- ,l(aHHhrH MOMeHT, HH TaM, HH 3AeCb KOpOAb He npe,l(CTaBAeH B peaAbHOM CBOeM o6AH'iHH ryMaHHoro '<leAOBeKa. Hy)KHO AH o6HaaTeAhHO npoTHBonocraBAHTh OcpHUHaAbHOH )KHBOOHCH HaTYPaAHCTH'<leCKOe KOHTpfiOAOTHO HAH pucoBaTb BMecro o6paaa rpoauoro KOpOAH pa3MhiThrH, 6AarOCTHhrn o6AHK MOHapxa? Ayqme Bcero noKaaaTb HacroHmee AHUO AIOAOBHKa

XIV

co BceMH ero BbiCKaabmaHHHMH u ,l(eHCTBHHMH Ha npoTH)Ke-

HHH TpH.l(UaTH AeT.

ErO IIPOCThiE Iii RCHhiE PE'l£11 «MeMYapbi», HanHCaHHbie cneUHaAhHO AAH MoHceHbopa u ua K(}63 ropbiX Ka)K,ll;brH H3 Hac MO)KeT H3BAe'<lh 60AbmyiO 00Ah3Y ,l(AH ce6H , HBAHIOTCH naMHTHHKOM Ha'<laAbHOro nepHOAa npasAeHHH AIOAOBHKa

XIV;

Aa u K TOMY )Ke ITepuHbu u IleAAHccoH npHBHecAH BCe-TaKH

KaKYJO-TO AOAIO cBoero TaAaHTa H CTHAH B npouaBeAeHue

Ero

BeAH-

'<leCTBa. BechMa noAeaHo noaHaKOMHThC.ll c nucbMaMH KopoAH, Aa)Ke eCAH no HHM MO)KHO cy,l(HTb CKOpee 0 OOAHTHKe B WHpOKOM CMhiCAe aToro CAOBa, '<leM o co6CTBeHHO KopoAeBCKOH MhiCAH. Bnpo'<leM, eCAH AIOAOBHK, nO,l(nHCbma.ll 9TH nHChMa HAH aacrasAHH KaKOr(}-HH6yAh MHHHCTpa HAH CeKpeTapH HX OOAOHCbmaTb CBOHM HMeHeM «AIO,l((}BHK», OOAHOCTblO 6epeT OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a 3TO Ha ce6H, HeAb3H BCer,l(a TO'<lHO ,l(OKa3aTh, 'TrO 3TO 6bi.AO HMeHHO TO OHCbMO, KOTOpoe KOpOAh HanncaA caM. 62

BOT cnpaso'<lHHK-I'H,ll; «KaK ocMaTpHBaTh Cat(bi

BepcaAH» , o KOTOpoM Mhi y)Ke roBopHAH,- npouaBe,l(eHHe

c:~Karoe,

'<leTKoe, 6e3 AHpH'<leCKHX OTcrynAeHHH, '<lHCTO npaKTH'<leCKOI'O xapaKTepa, 6ea BCHKHX AHWHHx cBe,l(eHHH - HBAHeTC.ll, 6eayCAoBHo, TFYAOM caMoro AlOAOBHKa XIV, noAHOCTbiO OTpa)KalOIUHM ero CTHAh. 8-ra OTHOCHTeAhHa.ll 6eAHOCTb nHCbMa He yAHBAHeT. TaK KaK K(}poAb noAyqHA o6paaoBauue «H3YCTHO», TO eCTb B peayAhTaTe 6ece,l( HAH npOCAymHBaHHH TeKCTOB, '<lHTaeMbiX ero '<lTeUaMH, OH C 60AbWeH AerKOCTbiO H3AaraeT CBOH MbiCAH yCTHo, '<leM nucbMeHHO. Mbr 3AeCh B ABOHHOM BbiHrpbrme: HaAHUO nOAAHHHOCTb u Ka'<leCTBeHHOCTb. A66aT ,l(e lliyaau, y KOToporo 6hiAO MHOro HeAOCTaTKOB, HO KOToporo foenOAh Hat(eAHA 6oAhmHM YMOM, o6 aToM paccKaabmaeT B CBOHX co6CTBeHHhiX «MeMYapax»: «Jl npOUHTHpyw AAH npHMepa OOAHOCTblO Bee ero CAOBa, DOTOMY '<lTO B HHX COAep:IKHTCH COAb TOrO, '<lTO HM npHAaeT CHAy H uamuecTBo. OH ,l(eHCTBHTeAhHO KopoAb .ll3biKa H M(})KeT CAy:~KHTh o6paauoM cppauuyacKoro KpacHope'<lHH. OTBeThi, KOT(}pbre OH ,l(aeT Ha XOAy, 3aTMeBaiOT BCe 3apauee OO,l(I'OTOBAeHHbie pe'<lH». 3aTeM OH npHBOAHT B npHMep HeCKOAbKO MeTKHX CAOB ;\lQ,l((}BHKa XIV, u OHH TaK aAeraHTHhi, '<lTO He.l\.b3.ll c ysepeHHOCTbiO CKaaaTh, npHHaAAe:IKaT AH OHH 06H3aTeAhHO KOpoAIO. 3aTeM a66aT-

KOPOAh TAKOB, KAKOB OH ECTb

545

a.Ka,l(eMHK ~eAaeT BJ:.mo~: «Kopo.l\b, no)l(aAyH, TOT 'IeAoBeK B rocy~apCTBe, KOTOpbrH npaBH.I\J:.Hee BCeX ~YMaeT H KOTOpbrH H3'b.HCIUieTCH 24 CaMbiM 3.1\eraHTHJ:.IM o6pa30M» . /1,0 Hac, KOHe'IHO, He ~OIII.I\H KOHcp~eHUHa.I\J:.HJ:.Ie pa3rOBOpb1, «HenacrepH30BaHHJ:.Ie» ~HaAorn KopoAH c Ma,l(aM ~e MeHTeHoH, c ero ~yxOBHHKOM, MHHHCTpaMH, CAyraMH, CO BCeH KOpOAeBCKOH ceMJ:.eH (3a HCK.I\IO'IeHHeM ero pa3rosopos c Ma.l(aM EAH3aBeToii-lllapAOTTOH87). Ho To, 'ITO coxpaHHAOCh, 6ecueHHo: EITO pe'IH-MHHHaTIOpbi, KOTOphie Aro~oBHK XIV npe~Ha3Ha'IaA ~ ny6AHKaUHH, npoH3HOCHMJ:.Ie nepe~ CBOHMH np~BOpHhiMH 80 BpeM.H uepeMOHHaAa yrpeHHero ryaAe-ra, ~o H noC.I\e MeCChi, Ha o6e~e, Ha y)I(HHe, pe)l(e nepe~ cHoM. C 1681 no 1715 ro~ MapKH3 ~e Cypw, rAasHJ:.rli npeso, H MapKH3 ~e ,lJ;aH)I(O, np~BOpHbrH .I\J06HMeU KOpOAH, H30 ~lUI 8 ~eHJ:. Tll'(aTe.l\bHO 3anHCJ:.maAH see ero BJ:.ICKa3J:.maHHH-MHHHaTIOpbi. CoxpaHH25 .1\0Ch TPHCTa ~eBHTHa,l(UaTb Ta.KHX TeKCTOB • 8TH BhiCKa3hmaHHH, KoHe'IHO, - ~OCTOHHHe HCTOpHH, HO OHH He BXO~HT 8 pa3p~ Ta.K Ha3hiBaeMJ:.IX «HcropH'IeCKHX KpJ:.I.I\aThiX BJ:.Ipa)l(eHHH». Kphi.I\aTbie HcropnqecKHe Bhlpa)l(eHHH - Te, no KpaHHeH Mepe, KOTOpbie Ta.K Ha3hffia.IOTCH, - pe~KO 6hma.IOT nO~.I\HHHhiMH, 80 BCHKOM CAyqae, HHKOr~a He 6J:.maiOT CKa3aHHJ:.IMH EIKCnpoMTOM. HanpOTHB, Kor~a Ka.KOH-HH6y~h ,l);aH)I(O ~OBO~HT ~0 CBe~eHIUI 'IHTaTeAH C.I\OBa, CKa3aHHhie Aro~OBH KOM XIV repuomHe ~e EeppH (15 HIOIUI 1712 ro~a): «Mbr HeMHoro llO.I\HOBaTbi o6a, 'IT06J:.I C~eTb 8 O~HOH KO.I\HCKe», cppa3a 3ByqHT Ta.K 6aHa.I\J:.HO, 'ITO BepHWb 8 ee nO~.I\HHHOCTb. Kopo.l\b HeMHoroCAoBeH. OH 3HaeT, HaCKO.I\bKO 3Ha'IHTe.l\bHJ:.I ero C.I\OBa, H HHKOr~a He 3AOynOTPe6AHeT pe'IaMH. CToHAO 6hi noyqliTbCH y Aro~oBHKa XIV YMeHHlO MOA'IaTh. CospeMeHHHKH, KOTOpJ:.Ie YMeAH noHHTJ:. K~Oe C.l\080, Ka)I(~YJO HHTOHaUHIO H TO, 'ITO MOHapx BK.I\a~J:.maeT 8 CBOH .1\a.KOHH'IHJ:.Ie BblCKa3hiBaHIUI, npaBH.I\bHO OUeHHBa.I\H CHryaUHIO. Ero H3.1\I06AeHHOH cppa30H 6J:.I.I\a CaMa.H KOpOTKa.H cppa3a. Ka.K, HanpHMep, ero 3HaMeHHToe BJ:.Ipa)l(eHHe <<5! nocMOTPIO», O'IeHJ:. y~o6Hoe ~AH MOHapxos, KOTOphiM faCTOH OpAeaHcKHii ~e nO.I\b3oBaACH MHoroKpaTHo so speM.H <l>po~hi. A .1\a.KOHH'IHOCTb ~AH Aro~o BHKa XIV - 3a.KOH. Ka.KoH nncaTe.l\b, ~eHCTBHTe.l\bHJ:.rH 'IAeH MaAOH a.Ka,l(eMHH cMor 6hi ncnpasHTb H yAyqwHTh Ta.KHe o6pa3Ubi BJ:.ICKa3hiBaHHH, Ka.K: «Meche, 3TO He nO~XO~HT HH BaM, HH MHe», «Meche, Kopo.l\b nepe~ BaMH», «Meche, Hawn ~eAa ~YT npeKpacHO», <<5! sac Ha3Ha'IaiO CBOHM r .1\aBHJ:.IM spa'IOM»? HacKOAJ:.KO secoMo Ta.Koe coo6meHHe: «MMnepaTop YMep ?» MaAeiiwne KOMMeHTapnn CHH3HAH 6hi 3Ha'!HTeAJ:.HOCTb EITOH HHcpopMaUHH. ToMY, KTo cose-ryeT HHTeHcncpnunposaTh cpa)l(eHHe, Aro~oBHK XIV OTBe'!aeT: «Meche, MJ:.I 3~ech ~AH EITOro». CsoeMY ~pyry, KOTOphrli onacae-rc.H xoAO~HOCTH MOHapxa, OH rosopHT: «Bxo~HTe, ~e Ao3eH; 3~ech TO.I\J:.KO sawn ~PY3J:.H». OH rosopHT roHUy: «Meche, Bhi MHe scer~a n pHHOCHTe xopowne seCTH». Ero C.I\OBa, a,l(pecoBaHHJ:.Ie '!.1\eHaM coseTa noCAe Toro, Ka.K see BJ:.ICKa3aAH csoe MHeHHe: «focno~a, BJ:.I parye-re 3a BOHHY, a 25 H - 3a MHp!»

546

fAABAXXIV

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KOPOAh TAKOB, KAKOB OH ECTh

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548

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KOPOAh TAKOB, KAKOB OH ECTh

549

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554

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caoeii cnaJ\bHH H ~a,)Ke ~o cnaJ\bHH M~aM ~e MeHreHOH, a 9 anpeNI Kopo.hh MO)f(eT no~IUI.TbCR B Kapery. .l(aop p~yeTcR 13-ro, B~R, KaK Kopo.hh npHKacaeTcR K 150 6oAbHhiM 30AOT)'XOH. Ho p~oCTh ero npe~espeMeHHa: 20-ro <l>eAHKc ~OA)f(eH ew.e pa3 ~eAaTb npH)f(HraHHe, H 9q>cpeKT OT <noro 6biA TaKOB, 'ITO KOpO.hh CAer B nOCTeAh ew.e Ha TP" ~lUI. B Mae cocroRHHe KopoNI spo~e yAyqiiiHAoch. Kopo.hh Bhir~HT C'laCTAHBbiM. Ka,)KeTCR, 'ITO oH xopowo xo~HT. EMY coseT)'IOT n oexaTb Ha BO~hi B Eape)f(, H OH o6'hRBNleT o caoeM OTDe3~e. Ho ~sop K 9TOMY OTHOCHTCR cKeOTH'IecKH; HeKOTOphre C'IHTa.IOT, 'ITO nyTewecraHe YTOMHTeAhHO (200 Abe), 'ITO Bhl3~oposAeHHe OT TaKoro Ae'leHHR BeCbMa npo6AeMaTH'IHO. 11 BOT Ae'leHHe B oape)f(e, 06'bRBAeHHOe 21 MaR, OTMeiUieTCR 27-ro. Ho «na.AAHaTHBHhre cpe~craa.» He ~a.IOT CKOAhKo-HH6yAh qyBCTBHTe.hhHOrO pe3yAhTaTa, ~eHCTBHe HX Henpo~OA)f(HTe.hhHO, H Aro~OBHK XIV pewaeTcR Ha «60AhwytO onepaumo». MapKH3 ~e Ayaya O'leHh yrosapHBaA ero noiiTH Ha 9T)' onepauma, 'lT06bi H36aBHTbCR OT 6oAeH H 'lT06bi OT He3~0p0Bh$1 MOHapxa He 6hiAO yw.ep6a ~Nl rocy~apcraeHHhiX ~eA H npeKpaTHAHch BCRKHe ~OMhiCAhi o ero 3~oposbe 3a rpaHHueii. Ho eCAH 3~pashm CMhiCA 9Toro TPe6yeT, onepa.IUU~, Ha KOTopyro peiiiHACR Kopo.hh, RBNieTcR a nepsyta oqepe~b rocy~apcraeHHhiM ~eAoM; AHWh weCTh 'leAoseK B npHHUHIIe nocsRUJ.eHhi B 9T)' TaHHy. 9-ro MoHceHbop, Ayaya, MapKH3a ~e MeHTeHOH, OTeU 11.e Aawe3, ~· AKeH, nepsbm spaq, H, KOHe'IHO, <l>eAHKc, nepsbm XHpypr. Mbr rosopHM «B npHHUHne», TaK KaK TPYk HO ce6e npe~CTaBHTh, "'TT6hi na HOBOCTh He 6biAa H3BeCTHa, no KpaiiHeH Mepe, nepaoMY KaMep/l.HHepy EoHraHy. CeMH~UaToro HOR6pR Aro~OBHK XIV, B03BpaTHBWHHCR ~sa ~lUI Ha3~ H3 <l>oHreH6AO H nOqyBCTBOBaBWHH He~OMOraHHe noCAe nporyAKH no Bepca;uo, co3BaA csoHx spaqei{ Ha KOHCHAHYM· «18-ro, KaK TO.hhKO npo6HAO 8 'laCOB, BCe BOWAH B KOMHary KOpONI, ya~eAH ero KpenKO CilRW.HM, 'ITO noKa3bffiaAO: OH COBepweHHO cnOKOeH B TaKOH MOMeHr, KOr~a ~pyrne CH.hhHO BOAHOBaAHCb 6hl! Kor~a ero pa36y~H AH, OH cnpocHA, see AH rOTOBO H 3~ech AH A yaya; H TaK KaK eMY OTBeTHAH, 'ITO MHHHCTP s npHeMHOH H 'ITO ace roToso, oH CTaA Ha KoAeHH H Ha'laA MOAHTbCR. IIoCAe 9Toro OH no~HRACR H cKa3aA rpoMKo: «focno~H, ~a 6y~eT BONI TBOR». Aer OilRTb Ha cso10 KposaTb H npHKa3aA <l>eAHKCY Ha'IHHaTb onepauHIO; <l>eAHKC C~eAaA ee B npHCYTCTBHH Eeccbepa, caMoro 3HaMeHHToro XHpypra IIapH)f(a, H ~e A yaya, KOTOpbm see speMR ~ep)f(aA PYKY KOpONI, a M~aM ~e MeHTeHoH CTORAa OKOAO KaMHHa. KopoAb cosepweHHo He KpH'IaA H cKa3aA TO.hhKo: «focno~H!», Kor~a eMY c~eAaAH nepshm H~pe3. Kor~a onepauHR 6biAa no'ITH 3aKOH'IeHa, OH CKa3aA <l>eAHKCy, 'lT06bi TOT erO HHCKOAhKO He W.~HA H o6paW.aAC$1 C HHM, KaK C 06bNHhiM 'leAOBeKOM ero KOpOAeBCTBa; H TOr~a <l>eAHKC C~eAaA eMY ew.e ~Ba H~pe3a HO)f(HHUaMH, a nOTOM no~CTaBHA qawy H nyCTHA eMY KpOBb H3 BeHhi, HO C~eAaA 9TO He TaK y~a"'HO, KaK onepauHIO, KOTOpytO C~eAaA OTAH'IHO, a 3~eCb OH 3~eA 97 MycKyA PYKH KopoNI» . OcpHUHaJ\bHbm uepeMOHHaA YTPeHHero rya-

KOPOAh TAKOB, KAKOB OH ECTh

555

AeTa KOpOAJI 6biA 3a..:lep:>KaH TOAbKO Ha 'laC: BMeCTO ~eB$ITH 'laCOB OH cocro.HAcJI B ~eCJITb. Te, KOM)' 6biAa npe~ocraBAeHa npHBHAernJI npucyrCTBoBaTb Ha 9TOM u;epeMOHHaAe, 6biAH CHAbHO y ~HBAeHbi, yaHaB, <rl'O 6biAa c~eAaHa «60AblllaJI onepau;HJI», KOTOpaJI C'IHTaAaCb TaKOH onacHoii, HX eru;e 6oAbllle y~HBHA paceKa3 o6 9TOM eaMoro KOpOAJI. IloCAe 9TOfO, BO BTOpOH nOAOBHHe ~HJI, KOpOAb KaK HH B 'leM He 6biBaAO npe~ce~aTeAbCTBOBaA Ha eOBeTe. BToporo ~eKa6pJI Ero BeAH'leCTBo eHoBa HopMaAbHO nHTaeTeJI, C"be~aeT HeMHoro M.!lea H - no npHKa3Y xupyproB - ~a:>Ke BhiiiHBaeT BHHa, pa36aBAeHHoro ao~oii. Ho 7-ro ys~eAH, <rro paHa B HexopollleM eOCTOJIHHH, o6pa30BaAHeb 3aTBep~eHHJI, KOTOpbie «MelllaAH noAHOM)' Bbi3~opoBAeHHIO». XHpypru «pelllHAH c~eAaTh HOBbie Ha..:\peabi, <rro6bi y~aAHTb aaTBep~eHHJI, npoonepupoBaAH o'leHb xopolllo, HO npH'IHHHAH KOpOAIO O'leHb eHAbHbie 6oAH, OT'lero y Hero ~a:>Ke HeMHoro no~H.HAacb ·TeMnepaTYPa· O~HaKo oH He nepecraBaA Bcrpe'laTbCJI ~Ba-TPH pa3a B ~eHb e AIO~bMH, He :>KeAaJI OCB060:>K~aTb ce6JI OT 3Toro ~a:>Ke B ~eHb 3TOH :>KeCToKoii onepau;uu»97 • Ha..:lpeabi, e~e AaHHhie 8 H 9 ~eKa6pJI, 6biAH B npHHu;une nocAe~HHMH. 9-ro MapKH3 ~e ,l);aH:>KO nHllleT: «XHpyprn ysepJIIOT, 'ITO He 6y~yr 60Abllle pe3aTb»26. A 11-ro MapKuaa nHllleT: «KopoAb crpa..:laA cero~HJI B Te'leHHe CeMH 'laCOB TaK, KaK eCAH 6bi ero KOAeCOBaAH, H JI 60IOeb, KaK 6bi ero 6oAH He Boao6HOBHAHCb aaBTPa>>66 • Ha..:lo ~aTb Co'ieAbHHKa, <rro6bi C ysepeHHOCTbiO CKa3aTb, <rl'O OH H3Ae'IHAeJI. 9To H3Ae'leHHe KOpOAJI «npHHeCAO BCeM He06biKHOBeHH)'lO pa~OCTb, - nHllleT Cyplll, - H60 MO:>KHO C ysepeHHOCTbiO CKa3aTb 6e3 BCJIKOH AeCTH, <rl'O Bee, OT CaMbiX Ba:>KHbiX BeAbMO:>K ~0 CaMOfO noCAe~Hero 'leAoBeKa B KopoAeBCTBe, 6biAH B 6oAblllOH TPeBore aa ero :>KH3Hh, Bee coo6ru;a H noo~HHO'IKe MOAHAHCb aa ero a~paBHe»97 • KpoMe npOTeCTaHTOB, KOTOpbie B 60AblllHHCTBe CBOeM :>KeAaAH eM)' CaMOro xy~lllero, Bee Tenepb Hanepe6oii ~eMoHcrpnpoBaAH cBOIO pa~oCTb. «My3biKaHTbl ~OMOBOH KopoAeBeKOH u;epKBH pelllHAH Y'laCTBOBaTb B MOAe6He no eAY'iaiO ero Bbl3~0pOBAeHHJI, KOTOpbm CAy:>KHAH B npuxo~cKoii u:epKBH BepeaAJI. DhiAH BhiCTaBAeHbi CB.!IThie ,l];apbi, H enueKon OpAeaHCKiiH, nepBbm KopoAeBCKHH KaneAAaH, OTCAy:>KHA B ne,ucyrCTBHH MoHceHbopa, ero cynpyrn H Beero ~Bopa 9TOT MOAe6eH» . B ~eHb Po~eCTBa Eyp~aAY «npoH3Hec caMYIO npeKpacayiO nponoBe~h, KOTOPYIO Kor~a-AH6o CAbilllaAH... OH o6paTHACJI K KOpOAIO no OKOH'laHHH nponoBe~H H aarOBOpHA C HHM 0 ero 3~0p0Bhe; 9THM OH BCeX pacrporaA, KaK MHe ITOKa3aAOCb, - nHllleT Ma,llaM ~e MeHTeHoH, - H B~Ho 6biAO, <rro roaopuAo ero cep~u:e, a He npocro fOAOe» 66• Beeb JIHBapb 1687 ro~a B Ilapu:>Ke H Bo BceM KopoAeBCTBe 6hiA noCBJIIu;eH cpeiiepBepKaM H MOAe6HaM. 3~eCb MaCTepa-xy~O:>KHHKH MaaycpaKTYPbi «fo6eAeHbi» npa3~HYIOT B u:epKBH CeHT-HnnoAHT Bbia~opoBAeHHe, CAYlliaJI M)'3biKaAbayiO Meecy, BO BpeMJI KOTOpOH OTeu; MeHecrpue npoH3HOeHT «naHernpHK B 'leCTb K~OAJI»; TaM CAy:>KaT 1 MOAe6eH Ha cpe~CTBa coo6ru;eCTBa nucaTeAeii • Ilapu:>K nporu;aeT

556

fAABAXXIV

AlO.l(OBHKY XIV TO, 'iTO OH He 6biA B HeM }"Ke 15 AeT. TipOBHHUIDI TO)Ke He xoqeT OTcrasaTh: 20 mmapH Eoeeroa CAy)KHT eiiHeKoneKHii MOAe6eH B esoeM eo6ope ropo,l(a Mo, KY,l(a ycrpeMNUOTeH «Bee eoCAOBIDI», no CAyqa.IO TOrQ )Ke KOpOAeBeKOrO Bbl3,l(OpOBAeHIDI. 30 HHsapH KopoAIO ycrpa.HBaeTeH npHeM B napH)KeKOH Paryrne, KopoAH TenAo scrpeqaror Ha yAHnax TiapH)Ka, 9TO 6hiA O,l(HH H3 eaMhiX HpKHX MOMeHTOB npoHBAeHllil BepHOllO,l(,l(aHHH'ieeKHX qyBCTB Ha npoTji)KeHHH seero ero ,l(OArOro uapCTBoBaHIDI. BeKope see BXO,l(HT B eBOH o6hl'iHhrn )KH3HeHHhm pHTM. 15 MapTa ,l(Bop e y,l(oBAeTBopeHHeM Y3HaeT, 'ITO Ero BeAH'ieCTBo eHoBa B03BpamaeTeH K BepxoBoii e3.l(e;26 «BeAHKaH pa.l(OCTh ,l(AH KOpOAH H ,l(AH ero CAyr» 97, llOTOM)' 'iTO 9TO MaAeHhKOe eo6biTHe no,l(TBep)K,l(aeT AHUIHHH pas, 'iTO AlO.l(oBm< XIV OKOH'iaTeAhHO Bhl3,l(OpOBeA. Crpa.l(aHIDI KopoAH noAO)KHAH Ha'iaAO HOBoii XHpyprHH, HenoAh3yiOIUeii Ha,l(pe3hl (H306peTeHHe XHpypra <l>eAHKea), H 18 HOH6pH 1686 ro,l(a, ,l(eHh npHMeHeHllil 9TOH onepauHH snepBhie, CTaA nosopOTHhiM MoMeHTOM B HCTOPHH XHpyprnH. Onn.me CTaAH MeHhme 60HThCH HO)KHHU, AaHUeTa, eKaAJ:.lleAH, H «60AhlliaH onepauiDI» CTaHOBHTeH MO.l(OH. KaaaAoeh, 'iTO .l(PY3hH Ero BeAH'ieCTBa H3 eoAH.l(apHOCTH rpe6yiOT, 'iT06hi HX onepHpOBaAH (~aH)KO B 1687 ro,l(y H repUOr BaH.l(OMeKHH B 1691 ro.l(y). B o6xueM, eCAH cpHcryAa seAHKoro KOpoAH H He HMeAa 6oAhmoro HcropH'ieeKoro 3Ha'ieHIDI, KOTopoe eii npH.l(acr MHIUAe (MHIUAe, B To BpeM11 npe,l(aBaBmHHe11 OllHeaHIDIM B eBOeM ,l(HeBHHKe cryAa H HeYMeCTHhiX paa.l(pa)KeHHH esoeii O'ieHh MOAO,l(OH )KeHhi1, , oHa 6hiAa H OCTaeTe11 HHTepeeHhiM llOKa3aTeAeM Heo6hiKHOBeHHOH nOnyAHpHOCTH, KOTopoii nOAh30BaAeH AlO.l(OBHK XIV HaKaHyHe soiiHb1 e Ayre6ypreKoii AHroii, - HAH epaay noCAe oTMeHhi HaHTCKoro 9.l(m<Ta, - nonyAHpHOCTH B nepByiO O'iepe,l(h epe,l(H Hapo,l(a, BOnpeKH HaAOrOBbiM o6AO)KeHHHM H soiiHaM. Mb1 He 3a,l(YMJ:.maeMe11 o TOM, 'iTO 9TOro MoHapxa onepHpOBaAH 6e3 aHeCTe3HH H 'iTO e,l(HHCTBeHHOH no.l(6a.l(pHBa.IOIUeH eHAoii ,l(AH Hero 6hiA ero MHHHcrp, Haxo,l(HUJ,HiiCH pH.l(oM H KpenKo e)KHMa.IOIUHH ero PYKY B esoeii PYKe, Bhipa)KaH TeM eaMhiM BeiO TellAOTy eBOeH .l(p)"K6bi. &ra 6oAe3Hh BbiHBHAa rpaHHUhl MQHapmeii rop.l(OCTH. OH 6eenpeKOCAOBHo CAymaeTe11 esoHX Bpaqeii H XHpyproB, a He KOMaH.l(YeT HMH. OH noAHOCThiO B Hx PYKax, He .l(a.IOIUHX croAhKO Ha,l(e)K,l(hi, eKOAhKO ee ,l(a.IOT PYKH Aysya. Aro.l(oBHK XIV, npoCHIUHii <l>eAHKea o6pamaTheH c HHM, KaK c o6hiKHOBeHHhiM nauHeHTOM, YMJ:.llliAeHHo YMaAjleT esoe BeAH'IHe, KaK 6y.l(TO Me,l(HUHHa H AaHUeT, eKaAJ:.neAh H Kayrep 6biAH npe,l(Ha3Ha'ieHhi ,l(AH roro, 'iT06hi eM)' HanoMHHTh, 'iTO qeAoBeK eCTh npax. XpHCTHaHeKHe KopoAH- He 6orn Ha OAHMne. Kor,l(a AIO.l(OBHK XIV OT,l(aeT ee611 XHpypraM, HAH BpaqaM, HAH ,l(a)Ke TeM, KTO eM)' CTaBHT KAHCTHpbl, OH noAHoCThiO B HX BAaCTH H noAaraeTCH AHllib Ha TipoBH.l(eHHe. EM)' xo'ieTCH eraTh MaAeHhKHM KOMO'iKOM, 'IT06hi, KaK roBopHTeH B EH6AHH, ero npm<phiAa «.l(o6paH PYKa foeno,l(a».

KOPOAh TAKOB, KAKOB OH ECTh

557

XBAAA KHI'AMCKOMY llOPTPE1Y Hey.nHBIITeAhHO, 'ITO B r.11.a~~e, nocsmneHHOH .II.H'IHOCTH J\ro.nosHKa XIV, Mhi r.11.y6oKo npoauaAH3HposaAH .np)"KeCKHe OTHoweHIDI ::n-oro MOHapxa c HeKOTOpbiMH .II.IO.lthMH. IloCAe ::n-oro aHaAH3a Mhi cpa3y nepelll.II.H K .npyrnM TeMaM: Me.l{HUHHCKOH H XHpyprnqecKOH, TeCHO C HHM CBH3aHHbiMH, H 9TO OTJ{a.II.H.I\0 6hi Hac OT rAaBHOH TeMhi, eC.II.H 6hi KOpOAb He H36pa.11. J{.II.H ce6H nyTh CaMOJ{HCUHil.II.HHhl H He06hr<IHOH npOCTOThl B o6rueHHH C .II.IOJthMH. Mo)I(HO no-pa3HOMY npe.ncraB.II.HTh ce6e nopTPeT sHaMeHHToro qe.II.OBeKa. ,l(a)l(e B )I(HBOnHCH no-pa3HOMY no.nxo.nHT K C03JtaHHIO. He cyrueCTByeT nopTPeTOB, Ha KOTOpbiX 6bl.II.H 6bi BblllHCaHbl 6e3ynpeqHO - HAH He6e3ynpeqHo - see xapaKrepHbxe qepTht TaKoro qe.11.oseKa. KoHHaH crary11 J\ro.nosHKa XIV, HaqaTaH B 1674 ro.ny CKYAhnTopoM PeHe-AHryauoM Y accoM, - sTO BOll.ll.orueHHe BOHHCKOH C.ll.aBht; o.nHH H3 nopTPeTOB J\ro.nosm<a XIV, shmoAHeHHhrn PHro, Ha KOTopoM CHAhHee BCero Bhtpa)l(eHO KOpO.II.eBCKOe J{OCTOHHCTBO, llOJ{qepKHBaeT sepxoBli)'IO B.ll.aCTb ::n-oro MOHapxa. Ec.AH Ha nepsoM, cKyAhllTypHOM, nopTPeTe H3o6pa)l(eH Mapc, To Ha sTopoM, )I(HBOrmCHOM, - lOnHTep. C caMoro Haqa.~~.a uapCTBOBaHHH J\ro.nosm<a XIV xy.no)I(HHKaM HpaBHTCH H306pa)l(aTb KOpONt C npeJtMeTaMH, HMeiOIUHMH CHMBOJI.HqeCKOe 3HaqeHHe. TYT )l(e, s BepcaAbcKOM 3aMKe - qeC'Th H C.ll.aBa ero C03J{aTe.II.IO,- Mhi HMeeM nepe.n rAa3aMH ue.~~.yro ra.11.epe10 nopTPeTos c pa3HblMH Bblpa)l(eHHHMH .II.HU H ll03 KOpOAH, r.ne MhlCAh H J{eHCTBHe coe.nHHeHht soe.nHHo KHC'ThiO xy.no)I(Hm<a. AHpH Tecre.11.eH HanHCa.ll. B 1648 ro.ny nopTPeT J\ro.nosm<a XIV, Ha KOTopoM MoHapx H3o6pa)l(eH ,l{eCHTH.II.eTHHM MaAbqHKOM, OJ{eTbiM B KOpO.II.eBCKyiO MaHTHIO, C uellhiO op.neHa CsHToro ,l(yxa, CHJtmnHM Ha TPOHe H .nep)l(aiUHM s npa~~oii PYKe AaBposhrn seueu. Ho He ua C.ll.aBY no6eJthi npH Aauce o6paruaeTcH oco6oe BHHMaHHe. Ouo o6parueuo ua aTPH6ynr cKy.ll.hnTYPhi H )I(HBOnHcH, .ll.e)l(aruHe y no.nHO)I(HH TPOHa. Ano.11..11.oH H Mapc BOCCOe.l{HHHIOTCH B o6pa3e KOpOAH. «J\ro.l{OBHK XIV» ./Kaua r apHbe (1672) - 9TO KapTHHa B KapTHHe: KOpOAb B J{OCnexax uapHT 8 OBaAbHOM KaJtpe, BeCh aHCaM6.11.h HanO.II.HeH oqaposaTeAbHO pa36pOCaHHblMH cppYKTaMH, KHHraMH, narmpycaMH, a HaBepxy KapTHHbl H3o6pa)l(eHa KO.II..II.eKUHH MY3hiKaAbHhiX HHCTPYMeHToB. IloKposHTeAh HaYK, HCKYCCTB H H3HIUHOH C.II.OBeCHOCTH C03epuaeT CO CBOHX BblCOT HX aTpH6ynr. Y Bau-.nep-MeAeHa («J\ro.noBHK XIV npH oca.ne AH.II..Mi», «Ilepexo.n qepe3 PeiiH» H T . .n.) soeHHbte aKceccyapbt 3aMeHeHhi aKceccyapaMH )I(HBOllHCH. Mapc OnHTh cMeHHeT Ano.11..11.oHa. Ha.no 6yJteT J{O)I(HJ{aThCH 1706 ro,l{a H TOro HaTYPaAH~eCKOrO Me.l{aAbOHa, Bbl.ll.ell.ll.eHHoro H3 socKa AHryauoM Eeuya, H3o6pa3HBwero Ha HeM craporo KOpO.II.H 6e33y6hiM, noxy.neBWHM, TO eCTb TaKHM, KaKHM OH CTa.ll. B peaAbHOCTH, 6e3 BCJIKHX npm<pac H CHMBOAOB. HaWH npe.nKH, Bh!pa)l(aiOIUHeCH s HanhiiUeHHOM CTHAe, AHweHHOM llpOCTOTbi H ecreCTBeHHOCTH, H 60AbWHe .11.106HTe.II.H MH<l:>O.II.OrHH, npe.nno~aAH BHJteTh nopTPeT B onpe.ne.11.eHHOM o6paMAeHHH, nepe-

558

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560

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KOPOAh TAKOB, KAKOB OH ECTb

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562

fAABAXXIV

8TH )'BAe'leHIUI O,AHOrO H .Apyroro, HX CKAOHHOCTb K ,AOnOAHHTeAbHhiM MOTHBHpOBKaM «O:>KHBHT HAAIOCTpHpOBa.mrytO KHHry H n03BONIT H3~aTeAbCKOM)' ~eAy BO <l>pa.mum nOAHOCTbiO o6HOBHTbCR». B TO speMR KaK KOpOAb HaCA~aeTCR C03epuaHHeM CBOHX KHHr, HcKycHo ocpopMAeHHhiX, npm-AawaeT ~aM noAI06osaTbCR HX pocKOWHbiMH nepeiiAeTaMH ( «8M6AeMbl ~AR KOBpOBbiX MaH)'cpaKTYP KOpOAR, B KOTOpbiX npe~CTaBAeHhi '!eTbipe CTHXHH: BO~a, 3eMAR, oroHb, soa~yx H 'leTbipe speMeHH ro~a» (1670), KHHra B BeAHKoAenHOH o6AO:>KKe, YKPaweHHaR noaoAo'!eHHhiM cepe6poM; «HcropiDI AIO.AOBHKa BeAHKoro, OTpa:>KeHHaR so saaHMoOTHoweHHRX, KOTOpbie cymeCTB)'IOT Me~y ero nocrym<aMH H CBOHCTBaMH H ~OCTOHHCTBaMH UBeTOB H paCTeHHH», KHHra B 'lewyHqaTOM n030AO'leHHOM nepeiiAeTe, pa6oTa ~pe-IIIapAR EyAAR), KoAb6ep cnoco6crsyeT yaeAH'leHHIO 'IHCAa 9CTaMIIOB xy~O:>KeCTBeHHbiX, HayqHbiX, HCTOpH'!eCKHX, reorpacpH'leCKHX, 300AOrH'leCKHX, 60TaHH'!eCKHX. ~ 9TOrO OH M06HAH3yeT aK~eMHKoB paaHbiX HaYK H aK~eMHKOB H3 AK~eMHH H~nHceif. OH B03AaraeT Ha ce6R MHccmo no H3~aHHIO H nponar~e Toro, 'ITO OH Ha3biBaeT Ka6HHeTOM KopoAR, H TeM CaMbiM npH)'MHO:>KaeT CAasy MOHapxa, cnoco6CTByeT pa3BHTHIO HayqHoH AI0603HaTeAhHOCTH H npocAaBAeHHIO xy.Ao:>KeCTBeHHoro pacuseTa <l>pa.mum speMeHH npasAeHIDI AIO~oBHKa XIV. 8ToT HMrryAhc, ~aHHhrn cynepHHTe~aHTOM crpoHTeAbCTBa KopoAR, 6y~eT 'l)'BCTBOBaTbcR snAOTb ~o XVIII seKa, MHoro AeT crrycrR nocAe ero KOH'IHHbi (1683). Ho B TO speMR KaK cKpOMHbrn KopoAescKHif KHH)l(HbiH Ka6HHeT BepcaAR npesparn.aeTcR - p~H Toro, 'IT06bi KHHraMH MorAH socnoAbaosaTbcR rry6AH'!Hbie H 'laCTHhle 6H6AHOTeKH, cppaHUyacKHe AI06HTeAH '!TeHHR H HHOCTpaHUbi 6AarOpO~HOrO npOHCXO~eHIUI, HeCKOAbKO 3aBH,AyiOW:He cppaHUY3CKOM)' KHH:>KHOM)' 6oraTCTBy, - B Ka6HHeT KopoAR, coa~aHHhrn ~ Toro, '!T06bi nponara~HposaTb ~OCTH:>KeHHR <l>paHUHH H CnOc06CTBOBaTb pocry ee npeCTH:>Ka, B TO speMR KaK 9KOHOMHbiH KoAb6ep noasoAReT HcrpaTHTb B o~HOM TOAhKO 1679 ro~y 116 975 cppaHKOB Ha npoCTbie rpas10pHL1e pa60Tbi ~AR 9TOrO Ka6HHeTa, HeAh3R .AYMaTb, 'ITO KOpOAb CaM He o6paw:aeTCR nopoif, no COBeTy CBOHX 'ITeUOB HAH HCTOpHorpacpOB, K KaKHMHH6y~b Hexy~O:>KeCTBeHHbiM npOH3Be~eHHRM HAH K TOMaM, He npe,AHa3Ha'!eHHbiM ~AR WHpOKOro Kpyra '!HTaTeAeH, C06paHHbiM B ero xpaHHAHW:e. OH xpaHHT y ce6R «OCHOBbi noAHTHKH» ToMaca fo66ca, «I1pesocxo.AHbrn MOHapx» )K. ~e Eo~y9Ha, «ITopTpeT noAHTH'!ecKoro npasHTeAR» M~aii:RHa H ,Aa:>Ke B KOHue uapCTBOBaHIDI 6epeT ce6e «KopoAescKyro ~eCRTHH)'» Bo6aHa, rry6AHKauiDI KOTopoif ero B csoe speMR o'!eHb paccep~HAa. OH ocrasAReT y ce6R ueAhie TpaKTaTbi no HCTOpHH, a TaK:>Ke HeKOTOpbie KpaTKHe KypCbl HCTOpHH: C ~eTCTBa, 3a UeAbiX CTO AeT ~0 «BeKa HCTOpHH», MOHapx )'BAeKaeTCR 9TOH HaYKOH. Y Hero TaK:>Ke eCTb UeAbie TpaKTaTbi H K~aTKHe KypCbl no TeOAOrHH H Tpy.Ahi, nocsRIUeHHbie yqeHhiM cnopaM . KopoAh <l>paHUHH cosceM He HeBe~a B 9THX BOnpocax, KaK OH 06 9TOM rOBOpHT H3 CKpOM-

KOPOA.h TAKOB, KAKOB OH ECTb

563

HOCTH H H3 rrpe~ocropo)KHOCTH H Ka.I< aTo yrBep~a.IOT CeH-CHMOH H Mat(a.M EAH3a.BeTa-lliapAoTTa. ITo'leM)' )Ke Tor~a OH ~ep)KHT y ce6.R: no~ pJKOH 3TH cepbe3Hbie, ~aAeKo He pa3BAeKaTeAhHbie KHHrn B 06bNHOH 06AO)I(Ke, a He SbiCTa.BA.R:eT KpaCHBbie «KOpeUlKH» H3 CSOHX KOAAeKUHH? Bp~ AH S TOT MOMeHT, KOf~a BeAbMO)KH H ~aMhi, yqeHbie H 6yp)Kya fOSOp.R:T 0 6AarO~aTH, 0 f1HTH nOAO)KeHHJIX H 0 ~e KAapaUHH l.JeTbtpex craTen, KopoAb He no)KeAaA 6bi, 'IT06hi eM)' npo'IAH HAH, no KpaiiHen Mepe, npoi<oMMeHTHposaAH TPY~hi, nocs.R:meHHbie 3THM sonpoca.M. B caMOM ~eAe, ero He)KeAaHHe '!HTaTb KHHrn HHKOr~a He 6biAO He)KeAaHHeM nOAJ'laTb HHOpMaUHIO HAH OTBpameHHeM K yqe6e. 386

IlPHBETMrnhiH KOAAEKUHOHEP Ka.I< KOAAeKUHOHep KopoAb He npo.R:BAHeT HH MaAeiiwero ne~aH TH3Ma npH no~6ope npOH3Be~eHHH HCKYCCTBa, a C06HpaeT HX CnOHTaHHO, nOTOM)' 'ITO eM)' 'ITQ-TO He06biKHOSeHHO noHpaSHAOCb. EcAH nOCMOTf>eTb Ha Hero CO CTOpOHbl, TO OH MO)KeT IIOKa3aTbC.R: nOXO)KHM Ha MeueHaTa, 3aHHMaiOmerocH noAHTHKon. A eCAH c HHM no3Ha.I<oMHWbC.R: no6AH)Ke, TO ys~Hllih, 'ITO OH 'leAoseK AI06o3HaTeAhHhm H KOAAeKUHOHep. Ecn. MHoro THDOB KOAAei<UHOHepos. O~HH noKynaiOT H co6Hpa.IOT H3 rop~ocrn HAH ~eCAa.BH.R:, nopon 6y~)"lli MaAOKOMneTeHTHbiMH H AHWeHHbiMH xy~o)KeCTBeHHoro qyTh.R:. A c ~pyroii cropOHbi, BCTf>e'Ia.IOTC.R: MaHHa.I<aAbHbie Ha.I<OnHTeAH IIpOH3Be~eHHH HCKyccrsa, ne~aHTH'!Ho cKynaromHe see no~p~. 8-rn-To see 3Ha.IOT, pa36Hpa.IOTc.R: s )KHBOnHCH Ayqwe, 'leM MHorne xy~O)KHHI<H. Kor~a OHH OWH6aiOTC.R:, npOH3Be~eHHe HCKYCCTBa 06"b.R:BA.R:eTC.R: we~eB poM- oHM HHKor~a He cMorAH 6hi npH3HaTb 3a co6on HH MaAeiiwen OWH6I<H. Aro~osHK XIV, KOTopoM)' Mhi o6H3aHbi AJ'IWHMH KOAAeKUHHMH Ayspa, HaUHOHaAbHOH 6H6AHOTei<H, Ka6HHeTa Me~aAen, ~aAeK OT TaKHX KpaHHOCTeH. EcAH OH H C06HpaeT npeKpaCHble npoH3Se~eHH.R: pat(H CBOeH CAaSbi H CAa.Bbl HaUHH, TO nocrynaeT Tal< H pat(H co6CTBeHHOfO y~osoAhCTBH.R:. Bnpo'IeM, oH orpa)K~aeT ce6.R: OT CAyqanHocren, npHCAyniHBa.R:Cb K MHeHH.R:M 3KCnepTOB H COSeTa.M CBOHX 6AH3KHX. OH He TOT '!eAoseK, KOTOpbm C'!HTaeT ce6H see 3HaiOmHM no HaHTHIO H o6Aat(aiOmHM 6e3JKOpHaHeHHhiM BKy coM (6Aaro~ap.R: 'leM)' OH K HeM)' H npH6AH)KaeTc.fl). OH AI06HTeAb, cero~HH Mbi 6hl cKaaaAH - 3HaTOK. 8To He ceKpeT ~AH scex s Espone H so <l>paHUHH. Bee ~BOpbl H HHOCTf>aHHble npe~CTa.BHTeAbCTBa, KOTOpbie XOT.R:T eM)' noHpa.BHTbC.fl, 3Ha.IOT, 'ITO OH AI06HT DOAJ'laTb B no~apOK npe~MeTbi Hci<yccrsa. TaK 6biAo H co 3Ha.MeHHTbiM wae~ci<HM apXHTeKTopoM HHKo~e M)'COM TeccHHOM MAat(WHM. B 1700 ro~y OH pewaeT no~apHTb A:ro~OSHKY XIV KaPTHHY Koppe~)KO «CB.R:Ton HepoHHM». &ro ~eAo 6biAO nopyqeHo seem ,l];aHH3AIO ~e KpoHcrpeM)', ceKpeTapiO wae~cKoro noCOAbCTBa ao <l>paHUHH. EAaro~ap.fl 3anHCKaM H nHCbMaM aTOro

564

rAABAXXIV

KpoHcrpeMa, Mbi MO)KeM npHcyrcrsoaaTb Ha acrpeqe ca.Moro Aroll.oBHKa c noAOTHOM KoppeiJ.)KO, YCAbiiiiaTb KOMMeJITapHH KopoNI H ero 6AH3KHX npHIJ.BOpHbiX, npHCyrCTBOBaBIIIHX npH 9TOM MaAeHbKOM co6brnm. IIocAe cephe3Horo 03HaKOMAeHWI c Kapnrnoii KopoAb <l>paHUIDl H3BeCTHA lllBeiJ.CKOrO CeKpe-rapH, 'ITO OH rOTOB nOAyqHTb 9TY Kapnrny a 11.ap OT TeccHHa. ,ll;e TopcH noCAe 9TOro conpoao:>KAaeT KpoHcrpeMa a MaAeHhKHe KopoAeBCKHe anapTa.MeHTbi B BepcaAe. EoHTaH, nepabrn KaMepiJ.HHep, «noMemaeT Kapnrny a r Ay6HHHhrn Ka6HHeT KOpOM». Kapnrny pacnoAaraJOT Ha BHIJ.y, Ha KpeCAe, a a 9TO apeMH KopoAh CAyrnaeT Meccy. BcKope OH OTTY11.a B03spamaeTcH s conposo:>KAeHHH caoero 6paTa, Meche, H csoero SH)'Ka, repuora EypryHIJ.CKoro. luoiJ.OSHK Tyr )Ke nocbiAaeT 11.e TopcH 3a lllBeiJ.OM. «Jl Haxo)Ky Ero BeAH'Iecrso, - 6yIJ.eT paccKa3bmaTb IIIBe/1., - 3a sHHMaTeAbHbiM paccMaTPHSaHHeM KapTHHbi. OH cpMy KO MHe o6paTHACH, He IJ.aB CKa3aTb HH CAOSa: «3HaTOKH C'IHTaJOT 9'fY KapTHuy 3aMe'laTeAbHOH». Pe11.K0 MO:a<HO scrpeTHTb TaKOH «CnAaB» npHBeTAHsoCTH H CKpOMHOCTH. ,lJ;YMM, 'ITO KOpOAb HMeeT s SHIJ.Y npo6AeMY nOIJ.AHHHOCTH KapTHHhr, KpoHcrpeM HeToponAHBo nosTopHeT To, 'ITO KopoAb xoporno 3HaeT: «Kapnrna 6biAa npell.CTaBAeHa rocnOIJ.HHY 11.e TopcH, KOTOpbm nooqepeiJ.HO SbiCAyrnaA MHeHHe aKcnepTa <l>ope, xyiJ.O:a<HHKa Po:a<e 11.e IIHNI, HaKOHeu AH'IHO Maucapa». TopcH: «Maucap c'IHTaeT ee 3aMe'laTeAbHOH». KopoAb: «Jl sH:a<y, 'ITO oHa 3aMe'laTeAbHa, HO H HeiJ.OCTaTO'IHO pa36HpaiOCb, 'IT06bi pacKpbiTb noAHOCTbiO ee KpacOTY»· EpaT KopoM o6parnaeTcH K IIIBeiJ.y: «9-ro Sbi IJ.eAaeTe no11.apoK KopoAIO?» KpoHcrpeM: «9-ro 6apoH 11.e TeccHH». KopoAb rosopHT csoeMY 6pary: «EapoH 11.e TeccHH - cynepHHTeHIJ.aiiT ctpOHTeAbCTBa KOpONI lliseUHH. Y 9TOrO 'leAOSeKa O'leHb MHOr O 3aCAyr». EpaT KopoNI r osopHT: «0 ero CAaBe H HaCAbiiiiaH». 311.ecb KpoHcrpeM AOSKO ssepuyA KOMnAHMeJIT. OH 3aBepHA, 'ITO caMbiM 6oAbiiiHM yiJ.oSOAbCTBHeM IJ.M TeccHHa 6hiAO 6hl Y3HaTb, 'ITO Ero HaHxpHCTHaHHenrnee BeAH'Iecrso npHHHA ero no11.apoK KaK Sbipa:a<eHHe no'ITeHI:UI xy11.o:a<HHKa no OTHorneHHIO K KopoAIO ct>pauUHH. KopoAb se:a<AHBo H AaKOHH'IHO, KaK acer 11.a, OTBeTHA: <Jl 9TO npHHHMaiO c yiJ.OSOAbCTBHeM H nporny sac nepe11.aTb TeccHHY MOIO 6Aaro11.apHOCTb». ,ll;e TopcH o6Ha:a<HA o6paTuyiO cropouy KapTHHbi H YKa3aA Ha crapyiO Hall.nHCb Ha HCnaHCKOM .Sl3biKe, CIJ.eAaHuyiO Ha pa.Me. KopoAb, xoporno 3HaiOIII.HH 9TOT H3biK, npo'IHTaA ee. 9-ro IJ.aAO noso11. KpoHcrpeMY paccKMaTb o cyl1.b6e Kapnrnbi. TeccHH oTKpbiA ee s 1690 ro11.y s Kon eurareHe ua pacnpo11.a:a<e HMYIII.eCTBa npe:a<Hero nocAa ,l);aHHH s MaApHil.e, 6apoua AepKa. KopoAb, KOTopbm npoll.OA:a<aA H3yqaTb Kapnrny, CKa3aA: «,lJ;panHpOsKa 3/J.eCb 11.aHa s HHOH Mauepe, 'leM Ha 11.pyrgx Kapnrnax KoppeiJ.:>KO, HO TaK KaK aro acKH3 6oAbrnoro noAoTHa, KOTopoe, KaK YTBep:>KAaiOT, HaxOIJ.HTCH s IIapMe, TO He CTOHT yll.HBMThCH 9TOH pa3HHUe». KpoHcrpeM: «Jl yaepeH, 'ITO 3/J.eCb cKopee opHrnHaA, 'leM 9CKH3, a TO'IHOCTb Ma3KOS noAOTHa YKMhmaeT Ha TO, 'ITO Kapnrna HaiiHCaHa 3aAOArO /1.0 60AbiiiOH TaKOH :>Ke KapTHHbl, H, no seen SHIJ.HMOCTH, Koppell.:>KO s npoMe:>KYTKe Me:>K~J.y HaiiH-

KOPOAh TAKOB, KAKOB OH ECTh

565

CaHIDIMH ~Byx nOAOTeH HeMHOrO H3MeHHA MaHepy llHCbMa: nepBaJI Kapnma 6oAhme noxo)l(a Ha ero co6CTBeHH)'IO MaHepy nHCbMa H Ha KHCTb IlheTpo I1epy~)I(HHO H ~pyrnx coBpeMeHHHKOB, 6AH3KHX Koppe~)I(O». Tor~a, BhiTa.I.l.UiB H3 ynaKoBo-.:moro m.J.HKa 9CTaMn, BOcnpoH3Bo~amHii Kapnmy «Cs.wroii HepoHHM» H3 I1apMbi, lliBe~cKHii ceKpeTapb YKa3aA Aro~oBHKY XIV «Ha 3AOHaMepeHHOCTb Tex, KTO craBHA no~ COMHeHHe TO, 'ITO 9Ta pa60Ta npe~rueCTBOBaAa HanHCaHHlO napMCKOH KapTHHhi. OH YKa3aA Ha AeByro Hory CB.wroro HepoHHMa, Ha AbBa, Ha ~epeBb.SJ: H BeTKH, Ha UBeT MOp.SJ:, Ha npasyro Hory cs.wroro HepoHHMa H T. ~. - Bee 9TO ~o6asAeHo Ha 6oAhmoii KapTHHe H, CAe~oBaTeAhHO, Ha 9CTaMIIe, H 9TO OKOH'-IaTeAhHO y6e~HAo Ero BhlcoqeCTBO». I1oCAe qero,- ~o6aBA$1eT KpoHCTpeM,- .SJ: xOTeA y~a.AHTbc.SJ:, H Ero BeAH'IeCTBo KopoAh MHe eme pa3 noBTopHA, 'IT06bi .SJ: nepe~u BaM (TeccHHY) ero AH'IHytO 6Aaro~apHoCTb. HTaK, ~eAo 6biAO 3asepmeHo Ko Bceo6meMY y~oBOAhCTBmo H, K c"laCTbiO, 6e3 BC$1KHX OCAO)I(HeHHH» 56. Y Hac eCTb ~pyrne np$1Mble ~OKa3aTeAhCTBa, XOT$1 H He TaKHe 'leTKHe, KaK npe~hl~ymHe, oco6eHHoro HHTepeca, KOTOphm HCllhiThmaA Aro~oBHK XIV K )I(HBOnHCH. 3aKa3aB Ae6peey KapTHHY «HcropH$1 AAeKc~pa», OH eMY CKa3aA, 'ITO XOTeA 6hi «~OCTaBHTh ce6e y~o BOAhCTBHe nOCMOTpeTb B CBOe CB060~HOe BpeM.SJ:, KaK OH pHcyeT». I1ocMOTPeB Ha npeKpacHytO KOnHIO c KapTHHhi PHro, c~eAaHHyro HaTThe, OH CKa3aA eMY: «I1po~OA)I(aHTe pa60TaTb TaK )l(e, H Bbl CTa.HeTe aeAHKHM 'leAoaeKOM». )KeAaJI noCAaTh KapAy II nopTPeT repuora Eyp~cKoro, oH 3aKa3hiBaeT ~sa 9K3e~a KyaneAIO. Kor~a eMY HX npHHeCAH, OH CKa3aA, 'ITO XO'IeT coxpaHHTb opHrHHaA, H TYT )l(e 06'h$1BHA: «KOnH$1 H OpHrHHaA TaK nOXO)I(H, 'ITO MO)I(HO OliiH6HThC.SJ:, O~HaKO eCAH nOCMOTPeTb BHHMaTeAhHee, TO B~HO, 'ITO 9TOT nopTpeT- opHmHaA»56. KopoAh, CAe~osaTeAhHO, - HacroamHii AI06HTeAh a TOM CMhiCAe, KOTOpbiH BKA~hmaAH B 9TO CAOBO B Te BpeMeHa. Kor~a OH CMOTpHT, KaK xy~O)I(HHK pHcyeT, HAH KOr~a CMOTpHT Ha nOAOTHO, OH HCllbiTbiBaeT KaKoe-ro TPeneTHoe qyBCTBO. Ho OH HHKor~a cpa3y He BhiCKa3hiBaeT csoero MHeHH$1, OH paccMaTPHBaeT KapTHHY co acex cropoH, roBopHT o HIOa.Hcax, HHKor~a He ~oBep.SJ:eT caoeMY nepBoMy ane'laTAeHmo. HH'fero He B~HT 3a30pHoro B TOM, 'IT06bi npOKOHCYAhTlip<>BaTbC.SJ: 3apaHee y 9KCneproa; OH He HCllbiTbWaeT HHKaKOrO CTeCHeHH$1, KOr~a BbiCKa3bmaeT BCAyx CBOH MbiCAH nepe~ CB~eTeAJJMH, 3aTParHBaJI ae-.:myro npo6AeMY: OpHrHHaA HAH KOllH$1? f Aa3 y Hero HaMeTaH, OllhiTOM OH 6oraT, a BKyc ero npesocxo~eH. BOT noqeMY HCTOpHH, KOTOpbie Mbl TOAbKO 'ITO npHBeAH, $1BA$110TC.SJ: O'leHb ueHHbiMH. OHH pacKphmaiOT xapaKTep, no~Bo~.wr Hac K nOHHMaHHIO ero ~ymH, r ~e BCTpe'laiOTC$1 H CAHBaiOTC.SJ:, no Bblpa)l(eHHIO I1aCKaA.SJ:, TOHKOCTb H 9MOUHOHaAbHOCTb BOCnpH$1TH$1. 0ro.SJ: nepe~ Kapnmoii «Cs.wroii HepoHHM», «C'IHTaromeiic.SJ: npHH~Ae)l(ameii KHcrn Koppe~)I(O», KopoAb npo~eMoHCTpHpoBaA B cBoH 62 ro~a, 'ITO y Hero HeT cKAepo3a H qro y Hero caeTAaJI roAoBa. OH ce6.SJ: noKa3hi-

566

f.i\ABAXXN

BaeT "'eAOBeKOM rrpH3HaTeAbHbiM, )'BAeKaiOLI.lHMCJI, rrpOCTbiM, AI06e3HbiM H scer~a ll.l~Jlll.lHM co6ece~HHKa. OH 3~ecb y)Ke He ArroAAOH, a ~o6porrop~O"'HbrH ¢paHUy3. ,lJ;o6ponop~O"'HbrH "'eAOBeK, )KeHHBIIIHHC.ll BTOpOH pa3 B o6bNHOM IIAaTbe, KaK 3'1'0 C~eAaA 6bl KaKOHHH6y~b crapbm npH~sopHbm MapKH3; ~o6porrop~o"'Hhm "'eAoseK, Hll.lymHH IIOKO.ll B AH"'HOH )KH3HH.

HEKOPOHOBAHHAJI KOPOAEBA BEPCANI Ee TaHHa ocraeTcJI HepacKpbiTOH, H Ha npoT.li)KeHHH TPexcoT AeT OHa Bbl3biBaeT CHAbHbie AH60 ~py)KeCKHe "')'BCTBa, AH60 HeHaBHCTb. Ee Kapbepa - aHa csoero po~a EoHanapT 3aKyAHcHoii HcropHHHesepoJITHa. Ee ycnex - nap~oKc. Ee noAO)KeHHe s BepcaAe YHHKaAbHO. MHorne MOMeHThi ee AH"'HOH )KH3HH 6e3 oco6hiX co6brrn.ii OCTa.IOTCJI HeJICHbiMH; aHa- KaK IIAIOLI.l, o6sHBWHH ~y6. H KTO Kor~a AH6o Y3HaeT, 6biAa AH aHa YMHOH HAH cKopee HHTeAAeKryaAbHOH (KaK qacro 6bmaeT C «CHHHMH "'YAKa.MH»), XaH)KOH HAH Ha60)KHQH (Ha6a)KHOCTb- He YHH"'H)KHTeAbHOe rrollJITHe), 6oAee HCKpeHHen, 6oAee CIIOHTaHHOH, MeHee H3BO~OTAHBOH, MeHee 9rOHCTH"'HOH, MeHbweH BbiCKO"'KOH, "'eM Ka3aAach. CAasa Eory, aHa Hac 3~ecb mrrepecyeT AHWb IIOCTOAbKy, IIOCKOAhKY HMeeT OTHOWeHHe K Aro~OBH KY XIV, H 9Toro y)Ke ~ocraTO"'HO. CAe~osaAo AH eMY Ha Hen )KeHHThca? Y ~HsHTeAbHOe ~eAo: nporpeccHBHhie asTopbi yrrpeKaiOT KopoAJI-CoAHue s Me3aAb.liHce; asTopbt-MopaAHCTbi, HMJI KOTOpbiM AerHOH, OCY~aiOLI.lHe KOpOAeBCKHX AI06osHHu H 6acrap~os, 3a6bmaiOT, "'TO <l>paHcya3a ~'06HHbe, s~osa CKappoHa, TaHHM cyrrpyra KopoAJI (c 1683 ro~a) ~aeT so3MO:>KHOCTb KopoAIO o6xo~HTbCJI 6e3 AI060BHHU. AlrryaH ApHo, KOToporo He 3ano~o3pHwb s CHHcxo~HTeAbHOCTH K KopoAIO, ApHo, ~ocroiiHbm npo3BHLI.la «BeAHKHH», npaBHAbHee Bcex OUeHHA COI03 Aro~OBHKa C MapKH30H ~e MeHTeHOH. B HIOHe 1688 ro~a OH HaiiHWeT AtosoceAIO: «5! He BH)Ky, "'TT MO)KHQ Ha.Hni npe~ocy~HTeAbHOrO B 9TOM 6paKe, 3aKAIO"'eHHOM no seeM npasHAaM LJ;epKsn. 8ToT 6paK YHH3HTeAeH AHWb s r Aa3aX CAa6hlx, KOTOpbte CMOTPJIT KaK Ha YHH)KeHHe Ha 6paK c )KeHLI.lHHOH crapwe ce6a H HaMHoro HH)Ke ce6.11 paHroM; Ha caMOM ~eAe KopoAb cosepWHA ~e.liHHe, yro~Hoe focrro~y, eCAH OH cMoTPeA Ha 3TOT COI03 KaK Ha cpe~CTBO OT CBOeH CAa60CTH, KOTOpoe IIOMewaeT eMY cosepwaTb rrpe~ocy~HTeAbHhie nocrynKH. 8TOT 6paK ero csa3bisaeT AI06osbl0 c )KeHLI.lHHon, ~o6po~eTeAb H YM KoTopou oH )'BaJKaeT H B 6ece~ax C KOTOpOH OH HaxO~HT HeBHHHbie y ~0BOAbCTBH.ll, KOTOpbie ~aiOT eMY B03MQ)KHOCTb OT~OXH)'Tb OT BeAHKHX ~eA. ,ll;aii Eor, "'T06bi ero ~yxosHHKH HHKor~a He ~asaAH 6bi eMY xy~WHX COBeTOB»20 • B KOHUe KOHUOB, MO)KHO CKa3aTb, "'TT KOpOAb Ha 3TOM MHOrO noTep.liA. KaK H ero noCAe~HHH ~yxosHHK, ero TaiiHa.~~ cyrrpyra 6y~eT CIIOC06CTBOBaTb KpHTH"'eCKOMY OTHOWeHHIO K KOpOAIO, Bbl3bffiaTb pa3~paJKeHne KaKOH-TO "'aCTH o6meCTBa H cnoco6crsosaTb YMeHbWe-

KOPOAh TAKOB, KAKOB OH ECTh

567

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568

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PacHHa. B anapTa.MeHTax Ma,a;a.M 11.e MeHTeHOH OH cnpannmaeT, 6ecell.yeT, o6c)')l<AaeT HAH CAywaeT. 9Ta MaHepa noBe/I,eHIDI npHcyma KopoAIO C /I,aBHHX nop. Ex.ue B 1680 ro11.y Ma,ll;a.M /I,e CeBHHbe rQBOpHAa, 'ITO HX pa3rOBOpbi «6biAH TaK /l,AHHHbl, 'ITO MOrAH /I,OBeCTH BCeX /1,0 raAAIOUHHauHH»: «OHH /I,AHAHCb OT llleCTH /1,0 /I,eCHTH '!aCOB». 11 B TOM )Ke ro/I,y: «0Ha eMY OTKpbiAa HOBytO CTpaHy, HeBe/I,OMytO eMY, CTpaHy 11.p~6bi H HenpHHY)K/l,eHHoH 6ece/I,bi, He oMpa'Iasrneifc.ll Hm<aKHMH npenHpaTeAhCTBaMH; H BCeM 9TIIM OH Ka)f(eTC.lJ O'IapOBaHHbiM»96• C KOHUa 1683 ro/I,a OHH 6ece/I,ytOT Ka)K/I,bW /I,eHb, llO/I,OAry, 3aTPar HBa.ll MHorne TeMbi: crpoHTeAhCTBO (II.NI Ma,a;aM 11.e MeHTeHOH KopoAb nocrpoHA coBpeMeHHbiH 6oAhrnoif TpHaHOH), cneKTaKAH (Ma,a;a.M 11.e MeHTeHoH 6ecnpecraHHO roBopHT o roil onacHOCTH, KOTopyro HeceT B ce6e TeaTP H 6aAeT), peAHrH.ll (oHa ero HecKOAhKO ycnOKaHBaeT B OTHOllleHHH npOTeCTaHTOB, HO llOII.crpeKaeT K /I,eHCTBHIO npOTHB Ilop-Po.llNI; OH )Ke BbiKa3biBaeT Hey/I,OBOAhCTBHe no llOBOII.Y ee HeocTOpO)I(HbiX /I,eHCTBHH B /I,eAe 0 KBHeTH3Me). 0HH He MOiyr He norOBQpHTb o paaHbiX nepcoHax. K HeH npHXOII..llT «C BH3H.Ta.MH 3HaTHhie BeAhMO)KH». 0Ha ImllleT (1707): «t(Bop <l>paHUHH H /I,BOp .AlrrAHH 66 /I,eAaiOT MHe 'IeCTb, qacro HasemaH MeH.ll B MOeM 6y11.yape» • Eif npell.CTaBNIIOT, KaK npe)K/l,e npe/I,CTaBNIAH KOpOAeBe, /I,O'Iepeif MHHHCTpOB H repuoroB, KOr/I,a HacrynaAa nopa Bbl/l,aBaTb HX 3~)1(. 0Ha cocrasNieT ce6e o HHX MHeHHe, coo6maeT ero cBOeMY uapCTBeHHOMY cynpyry, HeCKOAhKO ero llOII.llpaBNieT, HO '!aCTO COXpaH.lleT TO, KOTQpoe y Hee CAO)KHAOCb, HHOr/I,a OHa ero /I,a)Ke He BbiCKa3biBaeT, npHTBOp.ll.llCb, 'ITO llOAHOCTbiO npHCOe/I,HIDieTC.ll K qyBCTBaM KOpONI. B 9TOH mpe, Koropa.ll /I,AHTCJI 32 ro11.a, - a BpeMJI ~eT, npHBHOC.ll PYTHHHOCTb, )KeCTKOCTb H ycroii'IHBOCTb cy)K/l,eHHii, - cepbe3Hhie pa3HOrAacH.ll BO MHeHHJIX 0 AIO/I,.llX He MOIYJ' He BAH.llTb Ha llOAHTHKy. Ma,a;aM EAHaaseTa-IllapAOTTa ~e B 1680 ro11.y o6BHHJleT cBOIO 6yII.ymyro «HeBeCTKy» B TOM, 'ITO OHa CeeT pa311.0p B KOpOAeBCKOH CeMbe: OHa pa311.pa)KaeT KOpOAeBy, Bbl3biBaeT B03MY!UeHHe y cynpyrn MoHceHbopa, ccopHT KOpoNI c ero 6paTOM, Mecbe87. Iloa)Ke Ma.a;aM o6BHHHT <l>paHcyaay 11.'06HHbe: MOA, oHa cnoco6CTBOBaAa TOMY, <rro ca.Ma Ma,a;aM BnaAa B HeMHAOCTb KopoNI; oHa ee «BeAH'IaeT» nopa3HOMY B CBOHX ImCbMax: «ra,a;HHa», «llOAYKPOBKa», «llaHTOKpaTKa» (sic- TaK), H 9TO llOTelllaeT BCe /I,BOpbi fepMaHHH, HO He HpaBHTC.ll Ero BeAH'!eCTBy. KoHe'!Ho, y Ma,a;a.M 11.e MeHTeHOH CBOH npH'-~YII.bi, a c B03pacroM H BCe B03pacTaiOIUHM aBTOpHTeTOM ee BAHJIHHe He BCer/I,a 6AaronpH.llTHo. 0Ha He AI06HT 6paTa KopoNI, Mecbe. 0Ha He AI06HT MoHceHbopa, KOTOpbrn eif nAaTHT TeM )Ke. 0Ha He AI06HT cynpyry 6paTa KopoNI, Ma,a;a.M, Koropa.ll ee HeHas~HT. 0Ha npHTBop.lleTC.ll, <rro AI06HT repuorHHIO BypryHII.CKytO, HO npHTBopCTBo 9To Bbi3BaHo TeM, <rro oHa 3HaeT: ee xopornee OTHoweHHe K repuorHHe npH.llTHo KopoAIO. HanpoTHB, oHa JIPOCTHa.ll aaiUHTHHu a repuora 11.10 MeHa c ero caMoro paHHero /I,eTCTBa. EcAH rOBOpHTb 0 llOAHTH'IeCKHX /I,e.llTeAJIX, TO 0 HeH rOBOp.llT, 'ITO OHa He AI06HT A ysya H noKp oBHTeAhCTByeT BCeMY KAaHy KoAh6epoB,

KOPOAh TAKOB, KAKOB OH ECTh

569

B OeHOBHOM KOAb6epOBCKHM 3ID'bJIM OOBHAbe H llieBpe3y, TO eCTb TeM, KTO notu:tep)KHBaeT repuora Eypl)'H.l(eKoro. KaK H repuor AIO M eH, repuor Eypl)'H.l(eKHl':i AOCTaTO"'HO Ha6o)KeH, "'TT6bi 6biTb 6AH3KHM no Ayxy MapKH3e. KorAa repuor Eypl)'H.l(cKIDi H repuor BaHAoMcKIDi CTa.HyT nepei<AaAbmaTb Apyr Ha Apyra OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a nopa)KeHHe B 6HTBe npH AyAeHapAe (1708), oHa craaer Ha cropoey nepsoro H A06berc.a: roro, '<ITO repuor BaHAoMeKIDi OKa)KeTC.a: speMeHHO B HeMHAOCTH y KOpONI. no CAOBaM CeH-CHMOHa, MaAaM Ae MeiiTeHOH CTOHAa B 1709 roAy so rAase I<AaHa, KyAa BXOAHAH EepeHreH, EHHbOH, KaMepAHHep EAy9H, MapwaA Ae EycpcpAep, A'ApKyp, .n'IOKeeAAb, <l>paaeya Ae AapowcpYKo, o6a lloHwap1peHa, eynpyra MapwaA.a Ae BHAbpya H ero CbtH, HaKOHeu ByaaeH, KOToporo oHa HaC1paHBaA.a npOTHB lllaMHHJipam. B 1714 roAy 3.1\bte H3biKH 6yAyr fOBOpHTb, "'TT Bee AeAa B KOpOAeBCTBe BeAeT, qepe3 rOAOBy eOBeTa MHHHC1pOB, 1pH)'MBHpaT, cocro.lll.UHli H3 MaAaM Ae MeiiTeHOH, orua AereAbe H Ae ~ya3eHa, craswero TOrAa KaHUAepoM <l>paHUHH224. 9TH yrnep)KAeHHH H HHeHHj'auHH OAHOBpeMeHHO npaBAHBbl H AO)KHbl. 0HH AO)KHbl B TOM CMbiCAe, '<ITO KOpOAb HHKOrAa He ll03BONieT co6oii ynpaBNITb no-HaCTOJIIUeMY. KopoAb n oAnHcaA.e.a: 6bl noA 9THM nocryAaTOM <l>lopeTbepa: «HaAo ocreperaTbe.a: )KeHW.HH, KOTo42 pbte 3aHHMaiOTC.a: AeAaMH HapasHe c ~"'HHaMH» • MaAaM Ae MeHTeHOH 3HaeT, "'TT y Hee HeT npaBa fOAOca, KaK TOAbKO AeAa, KOTOpblMH OHa HHTepeeyerCJI, «nepeXOAJIT B pa3pHA rocyAapCTBeHHbiX AeA»; B 9TOM CAyqae «AeAa pemaiOTC.a: MHHHC1pa.MH»~. MapKH3a Ae MeiiTeHOH, KOTOpa.a: nHWeT: «51 He ynpaBNUO OTUOM AereAbe» 66 , npere~yer He Ha TO, '<IT06bl ynpasNITb AIOAOBHKOM XIV, a AHWb Ha To, '<IT06bt eMY noMo"'b B3rNIHYTb e pa3HbiX cropoH Ha TY npo6A.eMJ, o KOTOpoii HAeT peqb: «51 e"'HTaiO ce6.a: Bbtey)KAeHHOH H3 qyBCTBa AOAra, Apy)K6bi1 KOTOPYIO .a: nHTaiO K KopoAIO, H H3 HaCTOJIIUero )KeAaHH.SJ: BHHKHYTb so see, '<ITO ero Kaeaere.a:, eKa3aTb eMY npasAy, H36aBHTb ero OT AeCTH, ll03BOAHTb eMY ysHAeTb, "'TT ero "facTO 06MaHbmaiOT, '<ITO eMY AaiOT nAOXHe eOBeTbl; npeACTaBbTe, KaK MO)KHO oropqaTb TOrO, KOrO AI06Hlllb H KOMY He xOTeAOCb 6bt He HpaBHTbe.a:! BOT '<ITO .a: o6.a:3aHa AeAaTb. 11 H ero "faCTO orop"'aiO, KOfAa OH npHXOAHT KO MHe AHWb 3a TeM, '<lT06bi yTeWHTbe.SJ:>>66• KaK oHa MOrAa 6bt BbWOAHTb H3 aa6Ay~eHHH esoero uapCTBeHHoro eynpyra, soeCTaHaBAHBaTb npasAy, o6e3op~HBaTb AbCTeuoB, OTAaAJITb MOHapxa OT nAOXHX COBeT"'HKOB, He B»yWaH eMJ TO, '<ITO OHa C"'HTaA.a XOpOWHM COBeTOM, npaBAOH HAH npaBHAbHbiM Bbt6opoM? «MapKH3a He 3aHHMaeTe.a: noAHTHKOH, Ho... » 0Ha He 3aHHMaeTe.a: llOAHTHKOH, HO K~btH ysepeH B TOM, "'TT OOBHAbe eBOHM orpoMHbiM BAHHHHeM o6.a:3aH TOAbKO en224 • 0Ha He 3aHHMaeTe.SJ: llOAHTHKOH, HO OHa eHAbHO YKpenHAa noAO)KeHHe esoero AOpororo ~aHH9NI <l>paaeya ByaaeHa, KOTOpbm ynpaBNieT 6eHecpnuHHMH ee Aopororo CeH-cHpCKOro AOMa e JIHBap.a: 1701 fOAa. Qua He 3aHHMaeTCH llOAHTHKOH, HO He eKpbmaeT esoero pa3Apa)KeHIDI H3-3a pocra BAHJIHIUI Aysya. 0Ha He 3aHHMaeTC.a: no.AHTHKOH, HO yaaKOHHBaHHe He3aKOH-

570

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HOpO)KJ.(eHHbiX ~eTeH KOpONI (B 1694 H B 1714 ro~ax) npOHCXO~HT C ee 6AaroCAoseHIDI, H ry6HTe.i\bHOe 3aBei.Ua.HHe KopoNI cocrasAeHo B 1714 ro~y He 6e3 ee HaBR3'1HBbiX KpHTH'leCKHX Ha.MeKOB B ~pee <l>H.1\Hnna OpAea.HcKoro H He 6e3 He MeHee HaBR3'1HBbiX socXBaAeHHii repuora ~IO MeHa. A cy)KJ.(eHHR, npe~B3Hroerb H 'l)'BcrBa MapKH3bi ~e MeHTeHOH He scer~a cOOTBeTcrByiOT TOMY 3~paBOMY CMbiCAy, KOTOpbiM Aro~o BHK XIV H~eNieT csoiO cynpyry. 0Ha 3acraBNier Ha3Ha'IHTb <l>eHeAoHa apXHenHCKOnOM; KBHeTH3M 3acraBNieT ee pacKrurrbCR B 9TOM. 0Ha «BTOJ\KHYAa>> B apxHenHcKoncKoe KpeCAo IIapiDKa ~e HoaHR; CK~a.i\ c KHHroH KeHeNI noccopHT ee c &THM npeAaToM. A 'ITO, eCAH o6cy~HTh, XOpOWO AH, npaBHAbHO AH, nOXBa.i\bHO AH, 3aKOHHO AH, 'IT06bi npH TaKOM ~sope, r ~e see npoHcxo~HT no npaBHAa.M, Ha sepWHHe ~MHHH crpaTHBHoii, Ca.MOperyAHpyeMOH MOHapXHH MOr.i\a 6bi cymecrBOBaTb nepCOHa, He ynOAHOMO'leHHaR HH'leM ~pyrHM, KpOMe J\106BH MOHapxa, HeocpHUHaAbHaR, HO r AaBHaR «nposo~HHUa MHAocreii»? XOTHTe ~H Mep, KOTOpbm noMeA 6bi qepry no~ sceMH ocra.i\bm.IMH sonpocaMH. B anpeAe 1701 ro~a, 'IT06bi eraTh cppeiiAHHoii 6y~ymeii KopoAeBhi HcnaHHH, npHHUecca ,ll;e3IOpceH (npe~craBHTe.i\bHHUa crapHHHeiiwero po~a AaTPeMYif!) nepe~aer qepe3 )l(eHY MapmaAa ~e HoaHR, 'IT06bi OHa ynpocHAa MapKH3Y ~e MeHTeHoH, e~HHcrBeHHoro 'leAoseKa, cnoco6Horo, KaK C'IHTaiOT, yrosopHTb KOpONI ¢pa.HUHH IIOJ\O)I(H're.i\bHO peWHTb 9TOT sonpoc: «...MHe TO.i\bKO ocraercR, KaK MHe Ka)l(eTCR, YMOJ\HTb Ma~a.M ~e MeHTeHOH OKaJaTb MHe 'leerb csoHMH ~o6pbiMH yCAyraMH H 3a.MOABHTb 3a MeiDI CAOBO nepe~ Ero Be.i\H'lecrBOM, R oqem, sac npowy c~eAaTb ~NI MeiDl 9T0»30. 11Hor~a MapKH3a - XOpOWHH COBeT'IHK, KOr~a OHa He nAeTeT Xa.H)I(eCKHe HHTPHrH, HJ\H He B nAeHY CBOHX COMHeHHH, HJ\H KOr~a OHa He O~ypMa.HeHa .1\0)I(HbiM nacpHUH3MOM388. 0Ha J\106HT H IIOMep)I(HBaeT EycpcpAepa, 6pasoro noAKoBo~ua, Ka.K EaRp~. 0Ha noKpOBHTeAhcrByer BH.i\.i\apy H 3amHUlaeT ero. «Her COMHeHHR, 'ITO oHa cnoco6crsoBaAa TOMY, 'IT06bi OH 6bl.i\ B MHJ\OCTH y KOpONI, 'IT06bi TOT eMY npoCTHA ero BbiXO~KH H 6ecraKTHbie nocrynKH H ~ep)l(aA ero so rAaBe apMHii. Mo)I(HO AH 6bl.i\O ee 3a 9TO ynpeKaTh? 0Ha cYMeAa paar ~eTh cnoco6HoCTH 3a He~ocraTKaMH, ys~en xopowee, paaYMHoe no~ 9THMH B3pbmaMH TUleCAaBHR H npORBAeHIDIMH J\H'IHOH 3aHHTerl-. rl-. v v 295 pecOBaHHOCTH, OUeHHTb CMeAOCTb H 9't''t'eKTHBHOcrb ~eHcrBHH» . BOT KaK Ha6o)I(HaR nopa)l(eHKa cnoco6crsosaAa o6opoHe «OKpyrAeHHbiX» BA~eHHH KopoNI. Bee 3~ecb nap~oKCa.i\bHO.

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KOPOAh TAKOB, KAKOB OH ECTh 291

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572

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KOPOAh TAKOB, KAKOB OH ECTh

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574

r .!\ABA XXIV

pa3HOM)' TOAK)'lOTca see ero qepn.I. ~HcKpeAHTIIpyrowaa AereHAa sHeCAa cso10 Aerrry s socnpmrrne ero o6pa3a: <t>eHeAOH, nacrop .IKIOphe H repn:or CeH-CHMOH npoAOAJKaiOT, 6e3yCAosHo, OKa3hman. BAHaHHe Ha cy)KAeHHjl noTOMKOs o J\roAosHKe XIV snAon. AO ceroAHaiiiHero AHa. Ho K ::ITOM)' ewe npH6asAaeTca TOT Haw nopoK, KoTophiH H306AH'IHA MHweAI> ~eoH: HaM scer.l{a TpYAHO npH3Han. Hacroawee seAH'!He29 • Bnpo'IeM, s J\roAosHKe XIV y)KHsaiOTca .l{sa '!e.AoseKa. J\roAOSHK KaK '!aCTHOe AHI.I;O scer,l{a crpeMHACa pa3sHsan. Apy)KeCKHe OTHOWeHHa: OH xo'IeT AI06HTb H qyscrsosan. ce6a AI06HMhiM. OH AI06HT KpacHshiX )KeHwHH, KpacHshie AHn;a. Mo)KHO ce6e npeA<.:TaBHTh, KaKOH KOaTpaCT 6hiA Me)KAY TeM speMeHeM, KOrAa y Hero 6hiAH MOAoAeHhKHe AI06osHHn;hi, H speMeHeM nOjJBAeHM MaAaM Ae MeHTeHOH: see OHH KpacHSbie, seceAI>Ie H YMeiOT seCTH npH~ 6eceAy. 11 TYT ewe OH xo'IeT AI06HTb H 6h1Th AI06HMhiM. OH )KeAaeT TaK)Ke, 'IT06hi H36paaHHn;hi ero poMaaos o6AaAaAH YMOM. «'1aCTHaa )KH3Hh KopoAa... - ::rro sanctum sanctorum (csaTaa csj{ThiX), KyAa HeT AOcryna npoCTI.IM cMepTHbiM», KaK ero A06poH, HO HenosopOTAHBoro YMa HesecrKe, MaAaM EAH3aseTe-IllapA<YITe. KopoAI> CTOHT so rAase «cs~ csj{ThJX» c OAHOH H3 T1UaTeAI>HO OTo6paHHhiX AaM: MaAaM Ae M oHrecnaa, sTopoH MaAeM)'a3eAb Ae EAya, repn:omHeH EypryHACKOH HAH MapKH30H ,lie MeHTeHOH. l136eraa sepcaAbCKHX TOAIT H ,l{a)Ke peAKHX noe3AOK s MapAH, MoHapx o6ecne'!HsaeT ce6e AH'IHYJO )KH3Hh «A06ponopMO'IHOrO '!eAoseKa» H AI06HTeAJI AywesHhiX 6ece,l{. «~OAJKeH npH3Han., - 3aaBAaeT OH KaK-TO, - 'ITO jJ AI06AIO o6weCTBO 87 YMHhiX AIOAeH» . J\roAosHK XIV KaK 'IaCTHoe AHn;o s Ap~ecKoM Kpyry cnoco6eH 6h1Th seceAbiM, HpOHH'IHbiM H OCTpOYMHbiM. KopoAI> TaK)Ke YMeeT CAyman. HeoTcrpaaeHHo, sHHMaa TOM)', 'ITO rosopHT co6eceAHHK. B 1677 roAy, y3Has, 'ITO MOAOAeHbKaa MapHjlA YH3a OpAeaacKaa (ero nAeMjJHHHn;a) noqyscrsosaAa HeAoMoraaHe OT .AeKapcrsa, Koropoe eH AaAH MOHaWKH, J\roAOSHK XIV, npHHHMaa cepbe3Hhm sHA, cKaaaA Meche: «A, ::rrH KapMeAHTKH! R 3HaA, 'ITO OHH MOWeHHHI.I;hi, HaTpHfaHTKH, HeCHOCHhie, CllAeTHHUbl, .AeKapKH, HO a He 3HaA, 'ITO OHH ewe H OTpaBHTeAbHHUhi»96• 0AHa)KAhi MaAaM EAH3aseTa-IllapAorra, cynpyra Meche, paccKa3hmaAa J\roAOSHKY XIV KaK wseHn:apen:-rnapAeen: KOpOAJi 3anpeTHA eH HO'IhiO ryAj!Th s BepCaAI>CKOM napKe (noCAe TPHAn:aTH AeT CAy)K6bi OH HH'Iero He 3HaeT, KpOMe HHCTpYKUHH: «51 HHKOr,l{a He cnpaWHsaA, ecn. AH y KOpOAa )KeHa, ,lleTH HAH 6paT, ::ITO MeHjl He KaCaeTCa»87). «9TOT AHaAOr, nepeCKa3aHHbiH MHOH, o'!eHh paccMeWHA KOpOAa»87. PaAOCTH H lle'IaAH KOpOAa TO)Ke, KOHe'IHO, COCTaSAJIIOT HeOTbeMAeM)'IO qacn. ero AH'IHOH )KH3HHj llO::ITOM)' OHH HenpaBHAbHO 6biAH HCTOAKOSaHhi c caMoro Ha'!a.Aa n:apcrsosaHHa J\roAOSHKa XIV H noTOM, snoCAeACTBHH. ECAH s 1666 roAy KopoAb 6e)KHT H3 TroHAbpH s CeH-.IKepMeH, ro oH xo'IeT y6e)Kan. OT npeCAeAyrowero ero scroAy npH3paKa AoporoH noKOHHOH MaTepH. OH O'IeHh paAyeTca Ka)K,llOMY SHOSb pOAHBWeM)'Ca pe6eHKY S CSOeH ceMhe, H Aywa ero pa3phmaeT-

KOPOAh TAKOB, KAKOB OH ECTb

575

e11 OT rop11 npn KaJK~oif y:rpare. H TOMKO eoe~HHeHHbxe soe~HHO spo)K~eHHaR CTb~AHSOCTb H roey~apcrseHHhie eoo6paJKeHH11 y~ep )KHSa.IOT KopoM OT SHewHero npo11BAeHH11 eaoux 'i)'BCTB. Cypw no oqeHb xopowo npo~TBep~aeT esonM paeeKa30M o po~eHHH repuora Eyp~eKOrO (1682): «P~OCTb KOpOM 6b1Aa OipOMHOH, HO TaK KaK MOHa~X 6hiA qpe3BbNaHHO e~ep)KaHHblM, OH ee llO.I\HOCTbiO He SbiKa3aA» . 0 HeM KaK o6 o6mecrseHHoM AHUe eKA~bmaeTeR sneqaTAeHHe, 'ITO OH eyposo nocrynaeT no oTHoweHHIO K esoeif eeMbe - K Ko~e, K KoHTH H K ~pyrnM ~aAbHHM Ky3eHaM, - a KaK qaCTHoe AHUO OH seer~a O'leHb eHHeXO~HTeAeH K eBOHM 6AH3KHM. Ero Beer~a OrOp'laAH CAa6ocru ero 6paTa, Meebe; HO HHKor~a Aio~osHK XIV eMy He SbiKa3aA HH MaAeifwerO npe3peHH11, XOT11 S rAy6HHe ~ywH OH ero HellbiTblSaA no OTHoweHHIO K 3TOMJ HTaAb11HeKOMJ nopoKy. B Ha'laAe 1701 ro~a M~aM e'!HTaeT, 'ITO oHa Tenepb 6y~eT s se'IHOif HeMHAoCTH y KOpO)\jl (eeKpeTHbxH OT~eA, se~aiOinHH nepAIOcrpauneif, o6Hapy)KHA H ~0.1\0)KH.I\ KOpOAIO, KaKHMH HenpHCTOHHbiMH C.I\OSaMH OHa sbtpaJKaeTeR, ~aaa11 xapaKTepnCTHKy M~aM ~e MeHTeHOH s esoux nHebMax, ~peeosaHHbiX s fepMaHHIO); HO npoxo~11T TP" Mee11ua, JMlipaeT 6paT KopoM, Meebe, H KOpohh ee npomaeT. «5£ HH'lero He 3Hal0 o sawnx nHebMax, - eKaaaA OH M~aM, - 11 HHKor~a HH o~Horo H3 HHX He 'IHTaA, see no nAO~ soo6paJKeHH11 Moero 6paTa, Meehe»87. KaK o6mecTBeHHoe AHUO OH se~eT ee611 KaK noseAHTehb, a KaK qaCTHoe AHUO JMeeT nosHHosaTbCR (no no~TBep~aeT, Me~y npo'IHM, ry MbiCAh, 'ITO OH 6biA HaCTO.RI.U.HM eo~aTOM, a He <i?HrJPaHTOM s KopoHe). OH CAe~yeT npe~nHeaHH11M esoux ~osHHKos - He O'leHb-TO so speMeHa nepsbiX H CAHWKOM, Kor~a ~yxosHHKoM CTaA Aere.l\be, - H seeM npe~nHeaHH11M esoux spaqeif. KaK o6mecrsemme AHUO OH Ka)KeTCR SbieOKOMepHbiM, a S .1\H'lHOH )KH3HH OH npHAaraA see yeHAH11, 'IT06bi npH06mHTbe11 K xpHCTHaHeKOH ~o6po~eTe.I\H - eMHpeHHIO, H eMY qacro no y ~aeTCR. B esoux HHcrpJKUH1IX, npe~HaaHa'!eHHbiX ~)\jl MoHeeHbOpa, OH nHWeT: «EcAH y AIO~eif Hawero paHra eCTb 3aKOHHaR rop~OCTb, TO y HHX eCTb eKpOMHOCTb H eMHpeHHe, KOTOpbie He MeHee noxsahbHhi»63. B esoux 6eee~ax e «TaHHoif KopoAesoif» Kopohh no3so)\jler rosopHTb eif TaKHe CAosa: «CHp, TO, 'ITO Sbi ~eAaere, O'leHb nAoxo, H Sbi eosepweHHO He npaabi». H TaK KaK Ha CAe~yiOmHH ~eHb Ma~aM ~e MeHTeHOH He eo6HpaeTe11 npo~O)\)KIITb paarosop («,l(eAo e~e AaHO, CHp, He HJ)KHO 6ohhwe o6 noM ~aTb»), Aio~osHK oTBe'laeT: «He onpaa~bmaifre MeH11, M~aM, .ll eosepweHHo He npaa»66. Bo3MO)KHo, MapKH3a, nosepAA eSOH TaHHbi, HeeKO.I\bKO npHJKpawHBaeT nO)KHAOrO eynpyra: «Paase .ll He npaaa, Kor~a rosop10, 'ITO OH o6~aeT eMHpeHHeM? OH HesbteoKoro MHeHH11 o ee6e; oH HHeKOAhKO He e'IHTaeT ce611 He3aMeHHMbiM; OH y6e~eH, 'ITO KTo-AH6o ~pyroii e~eAaA 6bl TaK )Ke xopowo, KaK OH, u ~aJKe npeB30WeA 6bl ero so MHOrHX aemax; OH He npHnHehmaeT ee6e HH o~Horo H3 qy~ee, KOTOpbiMH OTMe'leHo ero npaaAeHHe; OH eMOTPHT Ha HHX KaK Ha npo11BAeHHe aoAH Tipoa~eHH11; OH He HellbiTbffiaeT CTOAhKO rop~OCTH 3a ro~, eKOAhKO .ll 3a O~HH

576

fAABAXXN

~eHh»66 . CHAhHO AH npe)'BeAH'rnAa 3~ecL M~aM ~e MeHTeHOH, npHBo.lVI CaMOe mrrepeCHOe CB~ereALCTBO: B TOM B03paCTe, KOr~a He~OCTaT KH CTaHOBSITCJI Hp'ie H ycHAHBa.IOTCJI B Te'ieHHe ~AH"feAbHOro uapCTBoBaHIDI- B TO apeMJJ KaK nosepXHoCTHLie AH'IHOCTH ymep)K.l{aiOT, 'iTO a6cOAIOTHaJI BAaCTL O'ieHh CHAhHO nopnrr, - Aro~OBHK crapaeTCJI H30 BCeX CHA npH061UHThCJI K XpHCTHaHCKHM ~o6po~ereAJIM H ycosepmeHCTBOBaTh ce6.11, ~eAaTLCJI Ay-qme. H ~eiiCTBHTeAbHO, KopoAb crapaeTCJI C~eAaTh ce6JI Ay-qme, HO O'ieB~HO H TO, 'iTO Mbl HenpaBHAhHO cy~HM 0 rop~oCTH KopoAH, KOTOP)'IO oH npoJIBAJieT nepe~ Hapo~oM: 9TO cpyaKUHOHaAbHaJI rop~OCTh B 60AbUieH CTeTieHH, qeM rop~OCTh AH'IHOCTHaJI. 0r Hac ycKOAb3aeT 'iaCTL TaHHHKOB ero ~ymH: Ta 'iaCTL, KOTOpaJI HMeH)'eTCJI HpaBCTBeHHOCTLIO. (hOT MOHapx, KOTOpOrO erue B 1660 ro~y O~HH BeHeUHaHCKHH TIOCOA Ha3BaA «He06LNaHHO Ha60)KHLIM» H 0 KOTOpOM rOBOpHAH, 'iTO B KOHUe CBOeH )KH3HH OH HOCHA no~ py6aUII<OH cppaHUHCKaHCKyiO BAaCJIHHUy87, HMeA B Te'ieHHe ~s~uaTH ~ayx AeT He3ai<OHHhie AI060BHbie CBJI3H. Kai< OH Mor co'ieTaTb, He npH6eraJI K oco6oii Ka3YHCTHKe, sepy H pacny-rCTBo? «Bame cep~ue HHKOr~a He 6y~eT CTIOKOHHO OT~aHO focno~y, TIOKa 9Ta 6yiiCTByi0ll(aJI AI060BL, KOTOpaH aac OT Hero TaK ~oMo OT~eAHAa, 6y~eT B HeM uapCTBoBaTb»,- HaiiHCaA eM)' Eoccros B 1675 ro~y"l6. KopoAb C'iHTaA, 'iTO ero cep~ue npHH~Ae)KHT Eory, 3HaA, 'iTO 9TO «He acer~a npoxo~HAo cnoKoiiHo». Pa3pbmaeMbiH Me)K.l{y ~BYMJJ AI060BJIMH, OH ~eiiCTBHTeAbHO He Bbi6HpaA. Ho sTOT apar npOTeCTaHTOB scer~a HCn~:.IThmaA pacKaJIHHe H BepOBaA. Mbl He MO)KeM CKa3aTh, 'iTO OH MQAHACJI focno~y, 'iTo6LI onpaa~aTbCJI nepe~ HHM, KaK 9TO ~eAaAH HeKOTopLre MOHapxH; HO Mbl 3HaeM, 'iTO Hano~06He CBOHX TIO~~aHHhiX MOHapx Ka)K,l{Oe Y"fPO TIOBTOp.IIA CAOBa H3 MOAHTBbl «OT'ie HaUI»: «ll OCTaBH HaM ~OMH HaUIH». KTO Mor 6bi npoaeCTH 'ieTKyiO rpaHb Me)K~y AH'iHOH )KH3Hbl0 KOpOA.II H ero )KH3Hbl0 ocpHUHaAbHOH? ~a_)Ke BHelliHHH B~ Aro~oBHKa XIV HMeeT ~Be HnocracH. Ero MO)KHO )'BH~eTL ~OBOAbHO 6AH3KO B HO'iHOH py6amKe, B XaAaTe, ~a_)Ke Ha ryaAeTHOM c-ryAe H npe~craaHTb ce6e ero pocr, KOTOphm 6~:.IA, BecbMa sepoJITHo, cpe~HHM. A npHBbNKa xopomo ~ep)KaTbcJI H 3a60Ta o BeAH'ieCTBeHHOH OCaHKe OKa3bmaAH TIO'iTH rHnHOTH'ieCKOe ~eHCTBHe Ha ero COBpeMeHHHKOB. 0HH ero B~eAH BeAHKHM, ~a_)Ke BbiCOKOrO pocra. M~eM)'a3eAh noKa3aAa a csoeM «l lop-rpeTe» KopoAH mraaTOM (1658), nOCAbi BeHeUHH C'iHTa!OT ero 'ieAOBeKoM <<BhiCOKoro poCTa>> (1664), «3aMe'iaTeAbHOrO TeAOCAO)KeHHJI» (1665), «O'ieHb BbiCoKOrO pOCTa» (1680). 86ep, BepcaAbCKHH KIOpe, ~a_)Ke TIHUieT B 1710 ro~y: «0H O'ieHh BbiCOKuro pocra H nponopUHOHaAbHO CAO)KeH, B HeM UieCTL cpyTOB HAH OKOAO, TIOAHOTa ero nponOpUHOHaAbHa poc-ry»75. iloCAe~Hee 3aMe'iaHHe BepHO: Aro~OBHK Ha'iaA TIOAHeTb C 80-x ro~oB.

A TeM He MeHee OH ae~eT o'ieHb no~BH)I(Hhm o6paa )KH3HH. KaK H ero HeBeCTKa, M~aM, OH O'ieHh AI06HT xo~HTh nemKOM. «TiporyAKa,- 3aiiHCbmae-r llpHMH BHCKOHTH, - c~LI, UBeTLI npek 75 craBAJIIOT ~AJI Hero ca.Moe o6LNHoe pa3BAe'ieHHe» • OH He MeHLme

KOPOAh TAKOB, KAKOB OH ECTh

577

AJ06IIT BepxoByiO ea.zzy (Boihla erue 6oAbme pa3BHAa 9TOT BKyc). OxoTe C py:IK.beM H COKOAHHOH OXOTe OH rrpe~nO'liiTaeT ncOByiO OXOTy, KaK H ero Cbrn MoHceHbop; ncOBCUI oxOTa - no npeHMYLUeCTBy oxOTa KopoAeii. Ho oHa, no MeTKOMY Bb:q>~eHHIO o~Horo BeHeUHaHUa, ey)f(Ha «~NI paaBAe'leHJUl H ~NI no~~ep)KaHHR HaHnpocreiilllHM cnoco6oM B cpopMe ero TeAa, KOTopoe Ha'lHHaeT noAHeTb»75 (1683). 0Ha HHKOr~a He OTp~aeTC$1 Ha pa6o'leM pacnHCaHHH KOpONI: Juo~o BHK XV H Juo~oBHK XVI He 6y~YT croAb c~ep)KaHHbi B cBoHx paaBAe'leHlUIX. Juo~OBHK XIV aa60TIITcR o cBoeii BHeillHOCTH. CBoe TeAO OH CTaBIIT KaK 6bi Ha CAy)K6y CBOHM KOpOAeBCKHM o6R3aHHOCTRM. Ero Bpa'IH He IIpOnHCbmalOT eMY '!aCTO rrpHHHMaTb BaHHbi, HO ero TeAO e)Ke~HeBHO noAHOCTblO rrpOTHpaeTCR ryaAeTHOH BO~oii, a BOT py6aiiiKH eMY CAyqaeTCR MeWITb HeCKOAhKO paa B ~eHbf/7. MapKH3 ~e CeH-MopHc, KOTOpbrli conpOBO~aA KOpONI B nOXO~ax, pacCKa3bmaeT, «'ITO OH O'leHb 'lHCTQnAOTeH H ~OAro H TLUaTeAbHO O~eBaeTCR; OH nO~KpyqHBaeT ycbl; OH HHOr~a OKOAO nOAyqaca HanOMa)KHBaeT HX nepe~ 3epKaAOM C noMOlUbiO BOCKa»93• Ha Boihle OH ~OBOAhCTBYeTCR noAOTHIDiOH py6amKoii H KaM30AOM H3< ~poreTa;93 ~HIIAOMaT lJlmurreifM TaK)Ke yrnep~aeT, 98 'ITO crapbrli KopoAh B o6rueM O'leHb IIpOCTO o~eBaeTCR • Ho ~o cepe~~ csoero rrpasAeHlUI OH YMeeT, rrpH CAyqae, O~eTbCR csepxnbDIIHO. B HoR6pe 1676 ro~a Ero BeAH'leCTBo KopoAb 6biA «B KOCTIOMe, croHBlliHM Tbl~ 3KIO, B TaKOM KpaCHBOM, B TaKOM 6oraTOM HapMe, 'ITO BCe B aTOM 3an0~03pHAH KaKOH-TO TaihlbiH YMbiCeA>>96• 2 ~eKa6pR 1684 ro~a, noCAe Meccbi H OXOTbi c py)KbeM, KopoAb nepeo~eAC11 ~NI rrpHeMa B CBOHX anapTaMeH.Ta.X, H BeCb ~Op MOr AHUe3peTb CBOero KOpONI B pocKOillHbiX O~e~ax, Ha KOTOpbiX CH11AH 6pHAAHaHTbl «CTOHMOCTbiO B ~eHMUaTb MHAAHOHOB»26 • 9io eMY He noMeillaAO Ha CAe~yiOLUHH ~eHb BbiCAymaTb co CMHpeHHeM crporyw rrponoBe~ Byp~aAy, rrpo'IHTaHeyiO B po~eCTBeHcKHii nocr. KopoAb MHOro ecr, H3-3a Toro, 'ITO ero Bpa'IH He cMorAH ero H36aBHTb OT KHille'IHbiX napa3HTOB, a llbeT O'leHb MaAO (TPH CTaKa.Ha Bo75 ~bl, no~Kpamem~oii Ha TPeTb xopomHM KpacHbiM BHHOM ). OH HeHa94 B~IIT Ta6aK • B o6rueM, 3a HCKAJO'leHHeM AJ06Beo6HAbHOro TeMnepaMeHTa, B03MO)f(HO, YHacAe~oBaHHoro OT BeapHUa, Juo~OBHK, Ka)KeTcR, nO~'IHIDleT BCe CBOe TeAO cypOBOH ~HCUHnAHHe. Ero cospeMeHHHKH e~HHo~ymHo BOCXHLUa.JOTCR MOpaAbHbiM ~y xoM KOpONI, ero YMeHHeM BAMeTb co6oii. A soKpyr Hero KHnRT crpaCTH. Ero 6paT, Meche, He YMeeT ~ep)KHBaTbcR. Y BeAm<oro Ko~e oTBpaTHTeAbHbm xapaKTep. fepuor ~e MoHT03be He YMeeT ce6R KOHTPOAHposaTb. 0 CaMOM )Ke KopoAe rosop11T, 'ITO OH 3a 54 ro~a csoero rrpasAeHlUI CHAhHO pa303AHACR TOAhKO TP" pa3a: o~HH paa Ha KoAh6epa, BTopoii - Ha Ao3eHa H B TPeTHH paa Ha MapKH3a ~e Aysya. Kor~a OH repReT cBoe o6bl'lHOe XAMHOKposHe, cB~eTe A11M aroro craHOBHTCR He no ce6e: HaCTOAbKO aro ~NI HHX Heo6bi'IHO. O~H~~bi, B 1675 ro~y, oH B~pyr noaBONieT ce6e BOCKAHKeyTh mezzo voce (BnoAroAoca): «DO)Ke, KaK R HeHaBH)KY rex, KTO BnMaeT B pe3o-

578

fAABAXXN

96 HepCTBo! MHe KaJKeTCH, mrqero HeT rAynee 9Toro!»; Ho HeMHoro cnyCTH Aro~OBHK HeCKOAhKO pa3 .1\aCKOBO o6pamaeTCH K MO.I\O~OM)' repuory, K KOTOpOM)' KOCBeHHO 6bl.l\a o6pameHa npe~b~ymaH pen.1\HKa, 'IT06bi 3ar.I\~HTb CBOIO BHH)'. A qepe3 28 .1\eT noCAe 9TOro, pa3~paJKeHHbm noBe~eHHeM IlcpaM>UCKOrO KypcpiOpCTa, ~OBO~HT ~0 ero CBe~eHHH, HCnO~BOAh, pa3HbiMH OcpHUHaAhHbiMH nyrHMH, CJ\e~yt<>IUee CBOe rHeBHOe BbiCKa3biBaHHe: «8TH MaAeHbKHe KHH3bKH, KOTOpbie XOTHT HrpaTb pOAh Be.i\HKHX MOHapXOB, CaMH pacnAa"'HBaiOTCH BCKo97 pe 3a CBOH llOCTynKH» . 06bNHO KOpOAh ¢paHUHH 06.!\~aeT XJ\~ HOKpOBHeM, 9TOH r J\aBHOH MOHaprneH ~o6po~eTeAhiO. IlpHHapo~HO, paccKa3biBaeT HaM IlpHMH BncKOHTH, «OH HanycKaeT Ha ce6H no'ITH 86 Tea1paM>HytO cepbe3HOCTb» , ~aJKe Kor~a OH CAyrnaer MaHepHoro H.I\H cMeiiiHoro co6ece~HHKa; H Bcer~a OH ~ep:>KHTCH <<TaKHM o6pa30M, "'TT HeB03MO:>KHO noHHTh: Bbicrynaer oH B po.I\H no6e~wre.i\H H.I\H no6e~eHHoro»86. TaKHM ero B~HT 9TOT BeHeUHaHeu Bo BpeMH foAA~CKOH BOHHblj TaKHM :>Ke OH npe~CTaeT B KOHUe uapCTBOBaHHH, Kor~a ero noCTHraiOT MHorne pa3o"lapoBaHHH. Kor~a ~Bop y3Ha.i\ B 1702 ro~y o c~aqe A~ay, cpopTa, ~opororo ~J\H cep~ua Kopo.i\H, «y BCeX Ha .1\HUax 6biAa pacrepmHOCTbj O~HH .1\Hllib KOpOAh npOHB.I\H.I\ 97 CTOH"leCKytO TBep~OCTb» • OceHbiO 1706 ro~a, noC.I\e Hey~a"'H npn PaMHHH H :>KeCTOKoro nopaJKeHHH npn TypHHe, M~aM ysepHer, 'ITO OH «coxpaHHA 60M>lliyt0 ~yrneBHytO TBep~oCTb B cBoeM rope». To :>Ke caMoe OHa Ha6J\IO~aAa B HeM B 1708 ro~y noCAe co6b!THH npn ~~e Hap~e: «TO :>Ke caMoe MY:>KeCTBo H TaKoe :>Ke poBHoe HaC1pOeHHe» •

Jl XOaJIHH HM CaMHM C060H, KaK H HM BceAeHHOH: ,ll;a, Jl X03JIHH H XO'I)' HM 6btl'b. 8-ro caMoo6A~aHHe HOBOHBAeHHhm ABrycr, npncnoca6.1\HBaHCb K BeKy «~06ponop~O"'HOCTH», BO rAaBe KOTOporo OH, BnpO"leM, CTOHT H KOTOpbm OH OnpMe.i\HeT, npeBpa.I.llaeT B BOCXHTHTeAhH)'lO Kyprya3HOCTb, KOpOAeBCKytO Kyprya3HOCTb. fOBOpHT 0 «ero 06bNHOH Be:>K.I\HBOCTH», KOTOpaH Ha CaMOM ~eAe He06bNHa, eC.I\H npHHHTb BO BHHMa96 HHe ero paHr. OH npOHB.i\HeT «MaKCHM)'M ~o6ponop~O"'HOCTH» . HnKTo He )'MeeT HaiiTH TaKHe «BepHbie C.I\OBa, KaK oH, Kor~a H)':>KHO 97 OTBeTHTb Ha KOMnAHMeHT KaKOro-HH6y~b llOC.I\a» • «0H O"leHb TO"'HO OTBe"laeT H BCer~a TaK .1\aCKOBO rOBOpHT, HHKTO OT Hero HHKOr~a He CAhiiiia.i\ HH"lero 06~HOrO. 11 B HCTOpHH He HaHTH, - nHIIIeT IlpHMH BHCKOHTH, - HH O~HOrO MOHapxa, KOTOpbm 6bl.l\ 6bl TaK :>Ke 6AaroBOCnHTaH H ~o6ponop~o"leH H npoHB.I\H.I\ TaKoe :>Ke 6.1\aropacnoAo75 :>KeHHe KO BCeM, KaK OH» • 11 B llOAyceKpeTHOH CBOeH pa6oTe KOpO.i\H B Te"leHHe ~0.1\rHX "laCOB, KOTOpbie OH K~brH ~eHb llOCBHIUaeT ~e.i\aM B COBeTe, H BO BpeMH CBOeH .1\H"'HOH pa60Tbi C KaKHM-HH6y~b MHHHC1pOM, TO eCTb «B CBH3Ke», ero MHHHC1paM npe~OCTaB.i\HeTCH B03MO:>KHOCTb OUeHHTb ero noCTOHHHyt<> KYPTYa3HOCTb, KOTOpaH noMoraer pa6ore H c6.1\H:>KaeT MOHapxa c ero BbiCOKonoCTaBAeHHhiMH CAyraMH. B pa3roBopax co CBOHMH xy~o:>KHHKaMH - OT ~o6pHKa AeH01pa ~o rop~e.I\HBoro MaH-

KOPOA.b TAKOB, KAKOB OH ECTb

579

capa - KOpOAb, Ka.JKeTC.H, CKOpee DO,llCKa3bffiaeT, '!eM npHKa3bffiaeT, H Mbi 3HaeM, KaK OH KOAe6AeTC.H, npe)f(,lle '!eM npHH.R:Tb OKOH'IaTeAbHOe peweHHe, .na.JKe npH TOM, 'ITO ero sKye 6e3ynpe'IeH, .na.JKe npH TOM, 'ITO ero OcpHUHaAbHa.H «aBryCTeHIIIa.H BAaCTb» BOnAOW.aeT B ce6e -qysCTBO npeKpacuoro, spO)f(,lleHHoe H socnHTaHHoe s HeM. Ho 3Ta Kyprya3HOCTb, 3Ta pbiUapCKa.H Be)f(AHBOCTb TOrQ Bbi'IypHOrO BeKa CaMO,llHCUHDAHHHpOBaHHOCTH nepepacraeT B HeM H3 Ka'IeCTBa .1\H'IHOH .no6po,lleTeAH B Ka'IecTBo rocy.napcrseHHoii .no6po.neTeAH. Be)f(AHBOCTb H TaKT Alo.AOBHKa ccpopMHpOBaAH y Hero «Onpe,lleAeHH)'IO MaHepy KQMaH,llOBaTb, KOTOpa.H DOKa3bmaeT cpaay )f(e .llpyrHM .nep)f(aBaM, 'ITO OHH ,llOA:>KHbi eMY DOBHHOBaTbC.H H 'ITO OH X03.HHH DO.l\O)f(eHH.H»:30 06 3TOM CBH,lleTeAbcrsyeT npHHuecca ,ll;e3IOpceH, KOTopa.sr xopowo pa36HpaeTc.sr B BOnpocax 60AbWOH DOAHTHKH. DhiTh TaKHM, KaK repoH pbiUapcKHX poMaHOB, 6biTb Bbime Bc.R:Koii MeAO'IHOCTH - 3TO Te 'IepTbi, KOTOpbie BXO,ll.HT B ero DOHHMaHHe BeAH'IH.H H CAaBhi. Kor.na eMY cKa3aAH (s 1676 ro.ny), 'ITO OH HaKOHeu H36aBHAC.H OT onacHeiiwero BHUe-a,llMHpaAa PJoiiTepa, OH OTBeTHA: «HeAb3.H ocrasaThc.H 6e3y-qaCTHbiM, Kor.na YMHpaeT seAHKHH 'IeAoseK»112. A BOT Kor.na eMY o6'b.HBMAH o KOH'IHHe KapAa V AeonoAh.na AoTapHHrcKoro (1690), OH 'IHTaeT naHernpHK csoeMY npoTHBHHKy, «.nasa.sr noH.HTh, 'ITO eCAH cHAbHhie MHpa cero H cnoco6Hbi copesHosaTbc.sr~ .npyr c .npJI'oM, OHH see )f(e He cnoco6Hhi onyCTHTbc.sr .no MeAO'IHOH 3aBHCTH» . BeAH'!He H c.11.asa - OHH .HBA.HIOTC.H rocy.napcrseHHhiM H,lleaAOM, a He npe.nMeTOM AH'IHOro TIIJ.ecAaBH.H - nopo)f(.llaiOT s Aro.nosHKe XIV .npyrHe .no6po.neTeAH: BOHHCKoe H rpa)f(.llaHcKoe MY)f(ecrso, -qyscrso cnpase,llAHBOCTH (OH YMeeT KOMaH.llOBaTb, HaKa3hmaTh, npow.aTh, 3a6biBaTh), YMeHHe xpaHHTh Taii:Hy. Bparn KopoAA nocro.HHHO ocy)f(.naiOT 3To nocAe.nHee Ka'Iecrso, Ha3hma.sr ero HenpH.HTHbiM CAOBOM «CKpbiTHOCTb». A se.nb TaK O'ieBH,llHO, 'ITO 60AbWa.H noAHTHKa npe.nnoAaraeT CeKpeTHOCTb, H, Ka.JKeTCH, HeT Ha,ll06HOCTH HaCTaHBaTb Ha 3TOM nyHKTe. IlAioc K 9TOMY ero 3HaMeHHTOe «.H DOCMO'I'piO», 3a KQTopoe HeKOTOpbie ero ynpeKaiOT. cho «>I DOCMO'I'piO», KOTOpoe '!aCTO 97 rosopHT KopoAb c Tex nop, KaK YMep Kap.AHHa.l\ , noMoraeT rAase rocy.napcTBa, Ka)f(,llOe CAOBO KOTOporo ODHCbmaeTC.H BCeMH, He BbiHQCHTb cKopocneAbxe H nocnewHhie sep.AHKTbi H He .nasaTb Heo6.AYMaHHbiX o6ew.aHHH. Pa3Be DAOXO, 'ITO B KOHUe npoCAymHBaHH.H CeMH Kan.nH.naTOB Ha nocr opraHHcra Ero Be.hH'Iecrsa (1693), Aro.noBHK XIV cKa3aA: «>I nocM0'1"piO» H c.neAaA Bbi6op B KOHue He,lleAH, ocraHOBHBWHCh Ha <t>paHcya K ynepeHe? A eCAH 6bi KopoAh xoTeA noKa3aTbc.H HenorpewHMhiM, oH TOT'Iac )f(e Bbt6paA 6hi KaH,llH,llaTa Hayra.n. «>I DOCMO'I'piO» - 3TH CAOBa KOpOA.H, KOTOpbie TaK pa3,llpa)f(aAH repuora CeH-CHMOHa, ecrecrseHHO, no.nso.n.HT HacK sonpocy: «YMeH AH Aro.ilOBHK XIV?» Pa3Be MOHapx co cpe.AHHM YMOM (CeH-CHMOH dixit (TaK CKa3aA), llinaHreHM dixit) HanHCaA 6hi, ,lla)f(e C ITOMOW.biO KOAb6epa, .ne TiepHHbH H TieAAHCCOHa, «MeMyapbi» .AAA socnHTaHHH csoero cbma, MoHceHhopa? ToAhKO MapK AspeAHH: H <l>pH.llpHx II

580

rAABAXXN

IIpycCimii c~eAaAH <rro Ayqme. Pa3Be MOHapx co cpe~HHM YMOM Mor 6bl npOH3HeCTH CfOAbKO 1pe3BbiX, .s!CHbiX, OC1pOYMHbiX, AaKOHl£<1HbiX H Bcer~a 6oraTbiX co~ep:>KaHHeM peqeif, B KOTOpbiX HeT H HaMeKa Ha aBTopwrapHOCTb, Ha BhiCOKOMepHe, TI.UeCAasHe H 6asaAhHOCTb? Pa3Be MOHapx co cpe~HHM YMOM Mor 6bi TaK ~oAro BhiHOCHTh ynpeKH KaKOro-HH6y~b KoAb6epa, pe3KOCTb KaKoro-HH6y~b A ysya, q>ascpapoHCTBO KaKOro-HH6y~h BHAAapa? PasBe MOHapx co cpe~HHM YMOM Mor 61>1 npoHBA.s!Tb no'ITH 6e3YKOPH3HeHHbm BKyc B o6AaCTH AwrepaTYPI>I, apxHTeKTYPI>I, :>KHBOTIHCH, cKyAhfiTYPhl, MY3biKH? Pa3Be MOHapx co cpe~HHM YMOM CYMeA 61>1 co3~aTb H cBoii noAHTH'lecKHH CfHAb, H CBOH xy~O:>KeCTBeHHbiH CfHAb H HaUTH A )"illlHX MHHHC1pOB, A )"iiiiHX n09TOB, A)"illlHX ~MHHHC1paropoB, A)"illlHX xy~o:>KHHKoB? KTo Mor 61>1 ~aTb CBOe HM.sl UeAOMY BeKy, 'IT06bi 9TO He Ka3aAOCb nepem60M H He Bblf~eAO CMelllHbiM H KOMH'iHbiM? Ho eCAH H3)"ieHH.sr TaKoro y ~BwreAhHoro xapaKTepa H TaKoro BeAHKoro HaCAe~HR He~ocraTO'IHO, 'IT06bi y6e~HTbCR B TOM, 'ITO KOpOAb 6hiA oqeHb YMeH, BocnoAh3yeMc.sr He MHeHHeM repuora ~e CeHCHMOHa (TaAaHTAHBoro, McrHTeAbHoro H HeCKOAhKO 6pro3rAHBoro), a ~pymMH aBTOpHTeTHbiMH apfYMeHTaMH. M~aM ~e Aacpaiierr, KOTopa.sr B AIO~OBHKe B~HT «O~Horo H3 caMI>IX BeAHKHX KopoAeii, KOTopbie KOf~a-AH60 6biAH Ha 3eMAe, O~HOfO H3 CaMbiX TIOpMO'IHbiX AJO~eif KOpOAeBCTB3» H TIO'ITH «CaMOfO COBeprneHHOfO» 'leAOBeKa, ynpeKaeT ero AHlllb B O~HOM: B TOM, 'ITO OH «CAHlllKOM CKynO HCTIOAh3yeT TOT BeAHKHH YM• KOTopbiM H~eAHA ero focno~b» . A66aT ~e Illya3H, o~HH H3 caMbiX TOHKHX YMOB cBoero B_P.eMeHH, cqwraeT AIO~oBHKa 24 «Heo6I>IKHOBeHHhiM, reHHaAhHbiM» . AeH6HHu, 6o.hhrnoii 3HaTOK B

~aHHOH o6AaCTH, roBOpHT o6 «O'ieHb 60AblllOM YMe» <rroro MOHa~xa, «O~HOfO H3 C3MbiX BeAHKHX KOpOAeH, KO'tOpbie KOr~a-AH60 6biAH» .

r A aB a XXV MEHJIETCJI AH «<»PAHIJ;HJI? Ha.a.o 6b1Tb seAHKHM KOpoAeM, 'fl'06bl AI06HI'b Hapo.a. Bos~tapz

AfieOAJOnlbm MOHapx, eCAH TOAbKO OH He MOHC1p, MO»<eT »<eAan. TOAbKO BeAH'Dill H npOilBeTa.HHJI esoero roey.aapcrsa, nOTOMy 'fi'O OHO 6y.lleT ero eo6CTBeHHbiM npollBeTaHHeM, nOTOMY 'fi'O AI06oit OTen eeMeHCTBa xO'IeT 6Aara esoeMy .aoMy. OH MO»<eT onm6HI'be.R B Bbi6ope epe.aCTB, HO 6biAO 61>1 npOTHBoecreCTBeHHo, eCAH 6bl OH XO'l'eA 3Aa esOeMy KOpOAeBCTBy.

BMbmep OH (AlO.aosHK XIV) see aHaeT o 6e.aHOCTH esowc Hapo.aos; a.aee~> OT Hero IDNero He YTaHBaeTC.R; K3bieKHBCUOTe.R see epe.aCTBa, 'fl'06bi e HeH enpasHn.C.R.

Maoa.« oe Mewmex011.

f.cAH KOpOAh MaAO MeiDleTCH, C08ceM Jq>yroe IIpOHCXO.lUri' C KOpoAe8CI'BOM. 0mraercH, 'ITO 1680 ro~- ro~, KOr~a 6bi/\. p)'KOllO/\.O)J(eH 8 c8.mueHHHKH a66aT ~e Cea-Ih.ep, 9TOT ~eHcr, - noAO)KHJ\. aa'laAO «KpH3Hcy e8poneifcKoro co3Hamui», KOTOpbm 03HaMeH08aA nepexo~Hbrii 9TIUI K 8eKy Tipoc8emeHHH; }')l(e 8 1678 ro~y 6hi/\.a aane'-laTaHa «KpHTH'-IecKaH HcropHH Craporo aasera>> Pmuapa CHMoaa. TipH H3J'IeHHH 9TOro TPY~a 8~0, 'ITO c~ep)J(a.HHOCTb Aio~o8HKa XIV no OTHomemno K Kapre3HaHCKOH cpH/\.OCO<j>HH, aecymeif pailHOHal\.H3M ~a)J(e 8 cpe~y ttyX08eacrsa, 6bi/\.a, KOHe'-IHo, onpas~amroif. Ho ae 8~Ho, '-IT06bi KOpO/\.b, HeCM0rpH Ha ueaaypy, HeCM0rpH Ha H~30p 3a KHIDKHblM ~e AOM, llbiTa./\.CH cepbe3HO TOpM03HTb ceKyl\.HPH3a.umo, KOTOpytO paCUBeT KoHrppecpopMbi (Me~y 1670 H 1680 ro~aMH), Ka3aAOCb, l\.HlilHl\. Teae8biX cropoa. HeT HHKaKOH HpOHHH, HHKaKoro nap~oKca 8 3TOM c~e HHH BoAhTepa o <l>oHTeaeAe: «H a aero MO)J(HO CM0rpeTb KaK aa caM:bm ynHBepCaAbHbiH YM• KOTOpbrli nopo~a 3noxa Aio~o8HKa XIV». Ero «~aAorn MepTBbiX» (1683), ero «Eece~x o MHO)J(ecrse MHp08» (1686) 8bllill\.H ~o «llcropH'-IecKoro H KpHTH'-IeCKoro C/\.08apH» Ih.epa EeHN! (1695- 1697) H, IIpHKpbiTbie «060AO'-IKOH a-M CJao~epH.», 3Ha'-IHTe/\.bHO 6ol\.bme no~pbmaror ycroH; Ih.ep Eei:iAh, H 3TO cero~ xopomo aaaror, ~o6pbrii IIpOTeCTaHT-<J.:>~eHcr, '-ITJIIUHif EH6/\.Hl0»21ll, 8 TO 8peMH KaK <PoHTeHeAA TPY~Ho npe~crasHTb cep~>e3HbiM xpHCTHa.HHHOM. Ho 3TO ae llOMelliaAO eMJ CTaTb '-ll\.eHOM (f}pamzy3CKOH aK~eMHH 8 1691 ro~y, '-ll\.eaoM AK~eMHH Ha)'K 8 1697 ro~, '-ll\.eHoM AK~eMHH a~nHceif 8 1701 ro~; 3TO TaK)J(e ae noMemaAo eMY CTaTb n ocromnn,IM HaJ'-IHbiM ceKpeTapeM a 1699 ro~. KopOAh 6bi/\. noKp08HTeAeM 8cex 9THX J'leHhiX o6mecrs; 80 8peMH K~biX 8bi6opo8 3TOro aeonypHcra-aeqeCTHBua oa MOr 6bi HaAO)J(HTb c8oe aero.

582

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'lTo6bi nOHJITb OTHOCHTeAbH)'IO CB060AY <l>pa.HUYJCKOrO KopoAeBCTBa, H~o, HanpHMep, scnOMHHTh, 'iTO B Hcna.HHH Tex speMeH HHKBH3HUH5f BCeMOI)'IUa. 30 HIOH5f 1680 roAa B M~pHAe CBepWHAOCb TOp)KeCTBeHHOe H )KeCTOKoe aYTOAa¢e. Ha r AaBHOH nAorn~H 3Toro ropoAa c 6 qacos YTPa AO 9 qacos seqepa npoxOAHAH peAIIrH03Hbte uepeMOHHH, 'iTeHHH npHrOBOpOB, O'rpe'-IeHH5l H ny6AH'iHbie fiOKMHHH 86 espeeB, MappaHOB, «epeTHKOB» HAH MarOMeTa.H, )"Ke ocy:IK.z:teRHbiX Cs.siTbiM cy.z:toM. 18 'ieAoBeK H3 RHX, cpeAH KOTopbiX weCTb :IKeHIUHH, 6hiAH CO:IK)KeHbi. KapA II npHCYTCTBOBaA OT Ha'iaAa AO KOHua Ha 3TOM )Ky-rKOM 3peAHrne. «9TO noBeAeRHe KOpOA5l, - 3anHCbmaeT HCfia.HCKHH xpOHHKep, - KOTOpOe .z:teHCTBHTeADHO 6biAO AOCTOHHO BOCXHUJ,eHHH B BeKax, CHAbHO o6o.z:tpHAO ITAaMeHHbiX KaTOAHKOB, npHBQ.l{HAO B 'ipe3BbNaHHOe 3aMeWaTeAbCTBO y-MepeHHblX KaTOAHKOB H soo6w.e oweAOMHAO scex npHcy-rcrsywlUHX. C 8 qacos YTPa Ero BeJ\H'ieCTBO KopoAb CHAeA y ce6H Ha 6aAKoRe, :~Kapa eM)' He MewaAa, orpOMHbie TOAnbl Hapo.z:ta He Ha.,l(OeAaAH, H Aa)Ke TaKM AAHTeAbHM npoueAypa He Bbi3BaAa y Hero HH Ha MrRoBeHHe CKYKY· Ero Ra6o:IKHOCTb H ero ycep.z:tHe npeso3MorAH ycraAoCTb. OH He nOKHAaA csoero MecTa .z:ta)Ke Ha KaKHe-HH6y.z:th HeCKOAbKO MHHYT, 'iT06bi noiinr noo6e.z:taTh, H KOr.z:ta 3aKOH'ieHO 6biAO aYTOAa<Pe B TO BpeMH, 0 KOTOpOM BbiWe roBOpHAOCb, KOpOAb cnpaBHJ\CH ew,e pa3, .z:teHCTBHTeAbHO AH BCe 6biAO KOR'ieRO H MO)KeT AH OH y.z:taAHTbCH CO CITOKOHHOH COBecTbi0»11(). HHKor.z:ta HHKTO He Mor nOAYMaTb, 'iTO B Hcna.HHH 1680 ro.z:t Mor 6bi 6b1Tb py6e:IKOM Me:IK.z:tY seKOM Kmrrppe¢opMbi H seKOM IIpocserneHHH; H H~O npH3HaTb, 'iTO HaHXpHCTHa.HHeHIIIHH KOpOAb, ReCMO'rpH Ha aHTHnpOTeCTaHTCKHe H aHTHHHCeHHCTCKHe npeCAeAOBaHHfl, 6hiA o6pa3UOM TepnHMOCTH, ecAH cpasHHTb ero c ero Ky3eHoM, KaTOAH'iecKHM KOpoAeM... EcAH no.z:tXOAHTb c TaKOH MepKoH, Alo.z:tOBHK XIV MO:IKeT c'iHTaTbCH sechMa YMepeHRbiM r Aasoi:f rocyAapCTBa. Ero 3MnHpH3M noMor eMy H36e:IKaTb MHOrHX 3KCUeCCOB. £ro COBpeMeHHHKH 3TO ITOIDIAH ew.e so speMeHa Ayrc6yprcKOH AHrH - cpa3y noc.Ae cMepTH :IKeCTKoro MapKH3a Ae Aysya (16 HIOAfl 1691 roAa),- K KOTOpOH HaM ew,e H~O 6yAeT sepHYTLCH, nocKOJ\bKY Ka)I(AbiH paccMa'rpHBaeT 3TO c06hiTHe H 3TY Aary KaK pewaiOrnHH nosopoT B npasAeHHH AloAOBHKa XIV.

I10l1,lr,Yf AM /l.EAA XY)KE? M~aM .z:te CesHHbe He owH6Aacb: c Hc'ie3HOBeHHeM sceMol)'IUero MHHHCTpa ywAa H3 :IKH3HH O.z:tHa H3 y.z:tuBHTeJ\bHeHWHX AH'iHOCTeH seKa: «BoT MapKH3 Ae Aysya H YMep, 3TOT seAHKHH MHHHCTp, TaKOH 3Ha'itiTeAhHbiH 'ieAOBeK, KOTOpbiH 3aHiiMaA TaKOe Ba)KHDe MeCTO B KopoAeBCTBe, «H» Koroporo, KaK CKa3aA HHKoAh, 6biAO TaKHM eMKHM, 6biAO OCbiO scero! CKOAhKO AeA, 3aMhiCAOB, npoeKTOB oH Mor 6hi OCYJ.UeCTBHTb, CKOAhKO CeKpeTOB, HHT})Hr OH MOr 6bl pacnYTaTb, CKOAbKO Ha'iaTbiX BOHR OH MOr 6bi 3aKOH'iHTb, KaKHe Kf>.aCHBbie waxMaTHbie xo.z:tbi oH MOr 6bi erne cAeAaTb! - focno.z:tH! ,ll,ai:f MRe erne

MEIDfETCR AM ¢PAHUllil?

583

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6epoBCKHH rocceKperapnaT Bcer,lla 6biA B p)'Kax KOMlleTeHTIIbiX AIO,llen. TioCAe KoAb6epa H CeHbeAe B TOT TPY.llHbm rrepHO.ll A yn H )KepoM TioHillapTPeHbi O'IeHb YMeAo yrrpaBN~AH 3THM MHHHcrepCTBOM, KOTOpoe Be,llaAO TiapH:>KeM, ,llOMOM KOpONI, BOeHHQ-MOpCKHM cpAoTOM, TOprOBAeH, KOAOHHHMH H .zlyxOBeHCTBOM. Mbl CHOBa BH,llHM HX B 390 ,lleHCTBHH . Ho Ha.zlO ern:e OTMeTHTb, 'ITO Ayn-<l>eAHrro ,lle TioHillapTPeH, KaHUAep <l>paHUHH c 1699 rro 1714 ro,ll, BHOBb rrpH.llaCT KaHueNipnn 3Ha'IHTeAbHOCTb n 6AeCK, no3a6h1Tbte co BpeMeH lliepa Cerbe. «HHKOr,lla ern:e He Ha6AlO,llaAOCb B 'IeAOBeKe TaKOH 6biCTPOH IIOHJITAHBOCTH, - CKa3aA no noBO.llY A yn-<l>HAHrro ,lle TIOHillapTPeHa repuor ,lle CeH-CHMOH, - TaKOH AerKOCTH H npHJITHoCTH Be,lleHIDI 6ece,llbi, TaKOH TO'IHOCTH H 6hiCTPOTbl peaKUHH, TaKOH AerKOCTH H OCHOBaTeAbHOCTH B pa60Te, TaKOH 6biCTPOTbl ee BbiDOAHeHIDI, TaKOH MrHoBeHHOH H npaBHAbHOH oueHKH AlO,llen H TaKoro YMeHIDI npHBAe'Ib nx K ce6e Ha CAy:>K6y». B o6rn:eM, 3TOT 'IeAoBeK 6biA 'IeM-TO noxo:>K Ha 6Aecrm.uero ,lle AnoHHa B CO'IeTaHHH c reHHaAbHbiM A ysya. M rr03ToMY He'Iero roBopHTh o TOM, 'ITO OH 6biA He3aMeHHM. Mo:>KHO c ysepeHHOCTblO CKa3aTh, 'ITO .llO 1713 ro,lla, .llO caMoro 3aKAlO'IeHHH YTPeXTcKoro MHpa, KOpOAb no'ITH He orn:ymaA YTPaTY A ysya. B coBeTe MHHHCTPOB ero c AerKOCTbiO 3aMeHHAH. Ha Bepxy ero ,llenapTaMeHTa, OT KOToporo, Brrpo'IeM, OTCeKAH cpopTHcpnKauHOHHoe yrrpaBAeHne H yrrpaBAeHIDI noTI H CTPOHTe.l\bHbiX pa60T, o A ysya TOAbKO CAerKa rroco:>KaAeAH (.lla H TO AHillh c 1701 no 1709 ro,ll). 0neT KOpONI <l>paHUHH CBOeMY Ky3eey, KOpOAlO AHrAHH, He 6biA HH IIPH'!Y.llOH, HH cpaHcpapoHCTBOM, a Bhtpa:>KeHHeM TPe3Boro B3r~a Ha Bern:n. Kor,lla MHHHCTPOB KOHUa 3TOro BeAHKoro npaBAeHIDI - o6onx TioHwapTPeHOB, Topcn, HHKoAa ,lJ;eMape H ,lla:>Ke Bya3eHa - Ha3bffiatOT 311HrOHaMH, 3TO CAe,llyeT llOHHMaTb: llOCAe,llOBaTeAH B XpOHOAOrH'IeCKOM nAaHe, a He HH'ITO:>KHbie llOCAe,llOBaTeAH. TiacCHBHbiM 3IIHrOHOM, TO eCTb IIOCAe,llOBaTe.l\eM, AHilleHHbiM OpHrHHaAbHOCTH, MO:>KHo Ha3BaTb TOAbKO nocpe,llCTBeHHOro MnllleNI ,lle IllaM~pa, H OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a ero Bbi6op H 3a ero llO,ll,llep:>KKY MO:>KHO B03AO:>KHTb AHillb Ha KopoNI. Ho rrocKOAbKY CAHillKOM .llOArOe npe6bmaHne IllaMHnHpa Ha ero nocry 3aBHceAo TOAbKO OT .llpy:>K6bl MOHapxa, 3,lleCb Ba:>KHO He .llOnyCTHTb OlllH6KH npH 06'bHCHeHHH rrpH'IHHbl TaKoro Ha3Ha'IeHHH: OHO o6'bHCIDieTCH He ,lleCDOTH3MOM MOHapxa, a ero CAa6oCTbiO.

B03HArP.A)K,LJ,EHME 3A 3ACAYI11 H IIOBhllliEIDIE B PAHfE Y3AKOHEHHhiX ,l(ETJili: MHorne aBTOpbi coe,llHHHAH BOe,llHHO o6a rroiD~THH - CAa6oCTb H ,llecnoTH3M - B CBH3H c .llpyrHM co6biTHeM, Bbl.llBH:>KeHHeM Y3aKOHeHHbiX .lleTeH KopoNI. 8ro Bbl.llBH:>KeHHe Bbi3BaAO HpOCTb CeH-CHMOHa. 0HO npHBO,llHT B 3aMelllaTeAbCTBO AernTHMHCTOB ( OHH '!aCTO nyTaAH 3TO Bbl,llBH:>KeHHe C TeMH MepaMH, KOTOpbte npe.llllpHHHMaAHCb B caMOM KOHue uapCTBoBaHIDI). A nypHTaHaM oHo npoTHBHO .llO oMep3e-

588

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HIDI. <f>a.KT~NeCKH, TaK Ka.K HacT)'IIHAO BpeMR, KOr~a MO)KHO 06 3TOM paccy)l(,l(aTb cnoKoirno, ~o OTMeTHTL, 'ITO STa Mepa 6hiAa npHHHTa B BOeHHoe BpeMR H 'ITO J\..to~OBHKOM OHa BOCnpHHHMa.AaCb Ka.K BhmBH)f(eHHe 3a BOeHHbie 3aCAyrn. B OTHomeHHH rpacpa TyAyJCKoro STo 6biAO, no)f(a.AyH, onepe)f(eHHeM. B ro BpeMR KaK Bee: 6ecKoHe'IHaJI Boirna c ee TMOTaMH, cypoBbie 3HMbl - COe~HHHAOCb, 'lT06bi nO~TO'IHTb MOpa.AbHbxH ~yx cppa.HUy30B, BHJ.(HO, Ka.K H3MelffieTC11 B CHAy )f(H3HeHHOH He06XO~HMOCTH BepXlffijl 'IacTb COUHa.AbHoii nHpaMHJ.(hi. Bhlcmee o6meCTBo KopoAeBCTBa, paa~eAeHHoe Ha rex, KTO nOAh3YeTC11 npHBHAerH11MH, noAyqeHHhiMH no pO)l(,l(eHHIO, H TeX, KTO llOAyqHA B03Harpa)l(,l(eHHe 3a 3aCAyrH, Ka)f(eTC11, nepe)f(HBaeT nepao~ MyqHTeAbHoro CTaHOBAeHIDI. AeiiCTBHTeAbHo, KopoAb, o3a6o'IeHHbm YKPenAeHHeM HaUHOHa.AbHoro ~yxa, Tenepb BCe 'Iatne H 'tatne BBO~HT B apHCTOKpaTH'teCKHH CAOH CTpaHbl «3aCAyroKpaTHIO», TO eCTb npOCAOHKY AlO~eH, ~OCTOHHhiX HaxO~HTbC$1 Ha Bepxy COUHa.AbHOH nHpaMHJ.(bl 6Aaro~ap11 CBOHM 3acAyraM. IlpHCBOeHHe B MapTe 1693 ro~a CKpOMHOMY KaTHHa (BayKY cy~eHCKOro, B03Be~eHHorO B ~BOp11HCTBO) 3BaHH11 Mapma.Aa <l>paHUHH He npOWAO He3aMe'teHHhiM; eme 6oAbmee Ha ce611 BHHMaHHe o6paTHAo yqpe)f(~eHHe 10 MaJI aToro )f(e ro~a KopoAeBcKoro H BOeHHoro op~eHa CB11Toro J\..to~oBHKa. 91-a KpaCHaJI AeHTa, KOTOpa.H np11Mo npe~BemaeT ~a)f(e CBOHM UBeTOM - yqpe)f(~eHHe HMIIeparopcKOrO Op~eHa IJO'teTHOrO AerHOHa, TOTiaC )f(e Bbl3bffiaeT 3~0pOBbxH ~yx copeBHOBaHH$1 B apMID~X Ero BeAH'IeCTBa. EcAH OH He MO)f(eT H He npH3BaH conepHH'IaTb c foAy6oii AeHTOH CB11Toro Ayxa, TO o6A~aeT roii oco6eHHOCTbiO, 'ITO ~ocryneH BCeM. «Ao6AeCTb H 6ecnopO'IHaJI CAy)f(6a 11BNIIOTC11 e~HHCTBeHHbiMH KpHTepH11MH, 'lT06bi CTaTb KaBa.AepaMH 3Toro op~eHa.>/ 1 • ECAH KopoAh, Ka.K cKyAhmop, 3aHHMaeTc11 AenKoH H cpopMOBKOH CBOeH 3AHTbi, OH 3TO ~eAaeT He H3 Al06BH K nepeMeHaM. 3~eCb ~ ~OBHKOM XIV PYKOBO~HT o~Ha-e~HHCTBeHHaJI ueAh: HHTepecbx rocy~apcTBa. ECAH 6bi po)l(,l(eHHe coxpaH11Ao cBoeo6paaayro MOHOnOAHIO Ha 3aH11THe BbiCOKHX ~OA)f(HOCTeH, <l>paMlUI$I, npOTHBOCT0$1lUaJI )f(eCTOKOH KOaAHUHH, He HMeAa 6bi Heo6XO~HMOrO KOMaHJ.(HOrO COCTaBa ~ o6ecne'teHIDI cBoero 6y~ymero. EcAH 6bx, aanpOTHB, 3aCAyrn pe3KO BbiTeCHHAH npHBHAerHH no po)l(,l(eHHIO, crpaHa 'IaCTH'IHO n oTep11Aa 6bi CBOH TP~HUHOHHbie ueHHOCTH H no~opBa.Aa 6ht B KaKoiiTO creneHH Bepy B CBOH HJ.(ea.A. IloaroMY MOHapx <<~03HpyeT» Ha CBOH A~, 3MnHpH'teCKHM nyTeM, nponopUHH ~Byx 3THX KOMnOHeHTOB, BAHBaiOinHXC11 B ero BOeHHbie CHAhi. Kor~a 3aCAyrn no~TBep)f(~aiOT npHBHAerHH no po)l(,l(eHHIO, yseAH'IHBaJI ecreCTBeHHbm npeCTH)f( BhicoKopo~Horo 'teAoBeKa, J\..to~oBHK npocro cqacrAHB. J\..to~oBHK XIV HHKor~a He pa3~eA11A 6yp)f(yaaHoro npe~paccy~Ka J\..to~OBHKa XI. Hao6opoT, oH npaBHAbHO oueHHBaeT co'teTaeMOCTb BbiCOKopo~HoCTH H y~a'IAHBOCTH, npHH~Ae)KHOCTH K 3HaTH H Ta.AaHTAHBOCTH. IJepBbxH npe3HJ.(eHT A~aHbOH, acnOAb30BaHHbxH Ha rpa)l(,l(aHCKOH CA~6e, MO)f(eT 6b1Tb Ta.KHM npHMepOM. 8TO nO~TBep)l(,l(aeTC$1 ~pyrHM npH-

MEIDIETC.R AM «PPAHUIDI?

589

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590

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ei<OM)' «nepBbiH pa.Hr H Mecro no craprnHHCTBy» epaay noeAe npHHues t<pOBH. TiapAaMeHT 3aperncrpHpOBaA 4 MaJI, 6e3 3HTY3Ha.3Ma, HO noeA)'lllHO, 3TOT I<opoAeBei<HH ai<T. 9To 6biAO eAeAaHo sospeM$1. KopoAb 6yAeT y6HT 14 MaJI! B Te'IeHHe 84 AeT repuorn BaHAoMeKHe BOenOAb30Ba.AHeb TOAbKO 'IeTbipe pa3a eBOHM MeCTOM no craplllHHCTBy. Tenepb )l(e, I<OrAa AoHrBHAH see YMepAH, BaHAoMeKHe pelllHAH, 'ITO HM npeACTaBHAeH eAyqaH nOllhiTaTb eqaCTbH, Tai< Kai< AlliHAh Ae ApAe Aep)I(HT B esoHx pyt<ax see HHTH BAaCTH. IlleCTHattuaToro Mapn 1694 roAa A YH-)Ko3ecp BaHAoMeKHH, BHyt< y3at<OHeHHoro pe6eHKa feHpHxa IV, nAeM$1HHHI< repuora Ae Eocpopa («I<opoAb PbiHI<a>>), AaAbHHH poACTBeHHHI< H Apyr AloAOBHKa XIV, noAaeT nporneHHe B napAaMeHT TiapH)I(a, '!T06bi noAyqHTh AeAOBei<HH paHr, npeArnecrsyroi.I.Ulli paHry repuoros H HAYJUHH epa3y noeAe paHra npHHUeB t<pOBH. OH eebiAaeTeH npH aTOM Ha KOpoAeBeKHH yt<M OT anpeAR 1610 roAa. OH Ha,zteeTeH noAyqHTh yAoBAeTBopeHne 6AaroAapJI ApAe H noAyqHTh AOnOAHHTeAbHoe npaso I<OMaHAOBaTb MaplllaAaMH <l>paHUHH. Ha AeAe, eeAH AloAOBHI< XIV H ero nepsbm npe3HAeHT nOAAep)I(HBCUOT repuora BaHAOMei<oro, oHH 3TO AeAaror s nepsyro oqepeAb AMI roro, 'IT06ht HanoMHHTh o6mecrseHHOCTH, KaKOBa 6hiAa noAHTHI<a feHpHxa IV. /l,eAo repuora BaHAOMeKoro npHt<pbmaeT Apyroe: AeAo ebmosei:i Mapi<H3bi Ae MoHTeenaH; a 3AHKT oT 1610 rOAa ynOMHHaeTeH AHlllb ANI TOro, 'IT06bi nOArOTOBHTb nO'IBY ANI Apyroro OpAOHaHea, KOTOpbm 6yAeT npOAHI<TOBaH KOpOAIO nepBbiM npe3HAeHTOM H npeAHa.3Ha'!eH ANI TOro, 'IT06bi B03BbieHTb B paHre ero Y3ai<OHeHHhiX AeTeH. lJTo6bi B 3TOM y6eAHTbeH, ,llOCTaTO'IHO npoCAe,llHTb xpOHOAOrHIO eo6hiTHH. 0HH HAYT qepeAOH, 6e3 se~oro BHAHMoro nopMKa, HO seer,lla TeeHo eBH3aHbi Apyr e ApyroM. 4 MaJI repuor BaHAoMeKHii npeAeTasAReT B napAaMeHT Apyroe nporneHHe, 'IT06bi HeHTpa.AH3oBaTh onno3HUHIO npHHUeB AOTapHHrei<Hx. A Ha eAeAyroiUHH AeHb, TO eeTb 5 MaJI, Aro.llOBHI< XIV H3AaeT KopoAeBeKHe rpaMOTbi, no KOTopbiM repuor .lliO MeH H rpacp TyAy3ei<HH noAyqaiOT paHr H Mecro no craplllHHCTBy, HAYJUHe epa3y nOeAe npHHUeB KpOBH; ap~eHTaUHH onHpaeTeH Ha KopoAeBei<Hii yt<a3 OT anpeAR 1610 roAa H Ha paHr, npeAocrasAeHHhm Ce3apy BaHAoMei<OM)'61 • 8 MaJI nocA)'lllHhm napAaMeHT perncrpHpyeT 3TOT AOKYMeHT. 26-ro napAaMeHT nocraHOBAReT npHHJITb AYH-)Ko3ecpa BaHAOMeKoro. 8 HIOIDI BaHAOM npHIDIT B 2 6oAblllOH naAaTe napAaMeHTa • OTHbiHe noeAe KoHAe H KoHTH 6yAYT eHAeTb repuor AIO MeH, 3aTeM rpacp TyAyseKHH H, Hai<oHeu, repuor BaHAOMeKHH. 9TH nocraHOBAeHHH OT 1694 roAa nosepraiOT MOAOAoro repuora Ae CeH-CHMoHa (eM)' 18 AeT, HO OH y)l(e xoporno HaTO'IHA I<AIOB B 6oph6e npOTHB repuora AroKeeM6yprei<oro) s eocroJIHHe nocroJIHHoro pa3,llpa)l(eHHH, ero TaAaHTAHBbie «MeMyapbl» AOHeeAH AO HalllHX ,llHeH 3TY crpeAJIIOmyro 6oAb. Ho 3TH nocraHOBAeHHJI TeM He MeHee eoseprneHHO 3ai<OHHhi. Y 3ai<OHHBaTb, B03BOAHTh B ABOpJIHcrso, nepeBOAHTh H3 paHra B paHr - 31'0 npeporaTHBbi I<opoAR, TP" KopoAeB-

MEHRETCR Al1 <J>P~IDI?

591

CKHX npasa. TioKa aTH Y3aKOHeHHhie AeTH HAH HX noTOMKH He o6'b.smAeHhi UOTeHUHa.l\bHbiMH HaC.I\eAHHKaMH, HenHCaHaJJ KOHCTHT)'UIDI ysa.)KaeTCji, 3aKOH 0 HaCAeAOBamm HMeeT CHAy, OCHOBHhle UO.I\O:>KeHIDI ero OCTaJOTCjl AeHCTBytOIJJ:HMH. HacrpoeHIDI repuora Ae CeHCHMoHa (KOTOphm, HanpHMep, He npHBeTCTBYeT MapmaAa AroKceM6yprcKoro) He HMeiOT TOro 3Ha"'eHIDI, KOTOpoe HM npHAaAYT noTOMKH, He BHHKarom:ne B cYTh Bem:eii. Bnpo"'eM, Bo.l\bTep cMo:>KeT nopyqHThCjl 3a TO"'HOCTb TOrO, "'TT cppaHUy3CKHH HapOA npom:aeT KOpO.I\JO TO, "'TO OH npOH3Be.l\ Ha CBeT Ue.l\yta CTaHKY He3aKOHHOpo:>KAeHHblX AeTeii. OH He craHeT BcrynaTb B cnopbt no noBOAy Hx paHroB H Mecra no crapmHHCTBy.

TIEPE'IHCAEHME YMEPI.IliDC B TIOP-POME llieCTHaAUaToro ·aBrycra Taro :>Ke caMoro, 1694 roAa MapKH3 Ae TioMnoHH o6'h.smHA Kopo.I\JO o cMep™ cBoero A.HAH AmyaHa ApHo, KOTOpbm HaxOAHACjl B H3rHaHHH2 • obiAa nepeBepHYTa em:e OAHa crpaHHua AHeBHHKa Tiop-Po$1N1. Ayn-I1caaK AeMeTp Ae CaCH, npeBOCXOAHhm nepeBOA"'HK Bn6AHH, H MaTh AH:>KeAHKa H3 CeH-)KaHa (ApHo), repOHHjl napTHH, noKHH)'AH 9TOT MHP B 1684 roAy, CAa.BHhiH AMaH CKOH"'aJ\Cjl B 1687 roAy. AHpH ApHo, enHcKon AH:>Ke, conepHH140 "'a.BWHH B CBjiTOCTH c KapAa BoppoMeo , CKOH"'a.I\Cjl 3a ABa roAa AO CMepTH CBOero 6paTa (1692). 3aTeM aBryCTHHCKOe BOHHCTBO nOTepjieT 3a OjiTb C.l\eAytaiJJ:HX .1\eT em:e ~pbiX CBOHX BblAaJOIJJ:HXCji .I\JOAeii: HHKo.I\Jl H AaHceAo B 1695 roAy, MaAaM Ae CeBHHhe (o6pam:eHHytO c 3anOMaHHeM, HO HeYTOMHMytO nponaraHAHCTKY) B 1696 roAy, PacHHa H TioMnoHHa B 1699 roAy. Ho cMepTb ApHo 6hl.l\a caMoii TR:>KeAoii yrpaTOH cpeAH BCeX npO"'HX. HaM TJ>YAHO ce6e npeACTa.BHTh, KaKHM npeCTH:>KeM nOAb30BaACR AHTyaH ApHo, AOKTop Cop6oHHhi, Bo <l>paHUHH H BO BCeM Mnpe. A66aT BpeMOH ysepjleT, "'TO «Bo BpeMR uapCTBoBaHIDI AroAOBHKa XIII H AroAOBHKa XIV BO <l>paHUHH 6bl.I\O HeCKO.I\bKO coTeH TaKHX ApHo»; H K 3TOMY OH A06a.B.I\JleT HanHCaHHbiH HM nOpTJ>eT-po60T: HHKaKOro 6.1\eCKa, HHKaKOH reHHa.l\bHOCTH H OpHrHHaAbHOCTH, HO CO.I\HAHbiH TeOAOr, «pa3HOCTOpOHHHH yqeHbiH» Ba.)KHOrO BHAa, 3.1\eraHTHblH H 145 Be.I\H"'aBbm • CoBceM Apyroro MHeHIDI 6biAH HaWH npeAKH, KOTOpbie C"'HTaAH a.BTopa «l!acroro npH"'aCTHjl» YHHKYMOM. Pa3Be He HaAeAHAH ero HapaBHe c KopoAeM, MaAeMYa3e.l\biO (repuornHeii Ae MoHnaHcbe) H KoHAe 3nHTeTOM «BeAHKHii»? I:iyaAo cKa3aA, "'TO «ApHo 6hl.l\ CaMOH 3Ha"'HTe.l\bHOH .1\H"'HOCTbiO H CaMbiM HaCTORm:HM XpHCTHaHHHOM, KDTOpbiX AaBHO He BHAe.l\a «ll;epKOBh»; '1T06bi He rOBOpHAH, "'TO 3TO MHeHHe npHcrpacTHo, a.BTop «llo3TH"'eCKoro HcKycCTBa», «MOAHHHCT H RHCeHHCT OAHOBpeMeHHO» (TaK OH CaM ce6R Ha3bmaeT), ysepjleT, "'TO OH BOCXHm:aeTCR BO <l>paHUHH CHa"'aAa ApHO, RHCeHHCI'OM, a 3aTeM OTUOM BypAaAy, He3YHTOM. OH BHAHT B ApHo «CaMoro yqeHoro H3 Bcex cMepTHhiX, KOTOphte KOrAa-AH6o '1TD-AH6o HanHcaAH... OH 11 noAO:>KHA Ha AonaTKH TieAariDI H pasHec B nyx H npax KaAbBHHa •

592

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PacHHa npHBo~.flT B BOCXliiUeHHe Ta:KHe Kaqecrna ApHo, KaK oCHosaTeAhHOCTh ero 6orOCAOBCKOH MbiCAH, np$1MOAHHeHHOCTh xapaKTepa H "'HCTOcep~e"'HOCTh, )'HHBepCaAbHOCTb )'Ma: «Y Hero 6biAO He06biKH<r seHHOe AHTeparypHoe ~aposaHHe, a o6'beM 3HaHHH 6biA 6earpaHH"leH». Ho ~aJKe eCAH ApHo H paa~eNieT nop-po.SIAbCK)'IO cs.flTOCTh, oH npOHBNieT ce6a KaK )'HHKaAbHaSI AH"'HOCTh H B CBOeH AO.SIAbHOCTH no OTHOllieHHIO K MOHapxy H Ha.IJ,HH. HHKOAh, 9MHrpHpOBaBWHH TaK:>Ke B ~epAa~bi, He CMOr npeo~OAeTh TOCKy no po~HHe; OH ~06HACSI OT ~sopa pa3perueHHa sepHYTbca so <l>paHr.uuo. ApHo, KOTOpbm TO:>Ke TOCKOBaA no <l>paHUHH, OCTaACSI B H3rHaHHH. Ho TaK KaK OH npo~OA :>KaA sblcrynaTh npoTHs PecpopMbi H no~~ep:>KHBaA 3aKOHHOCTh npeTeH3HH .lli<osa II Ha 3aH.flTHe aHrAHHCKoro rpoHa, paao6Aaqaa yaypnaTopcrno npHHUa OpaHcKoro, OH aaKpbiA ce6e ~sepH B Coe~HHeHHhie IlposHHUHH H so MHorne ~pyrne CTpaHbi. )KaH PacHH coseryeT npo"'HTaTb 3aBei.UaHHe 3HaMeHHTOrO H3rHaHHHKa, TOT TeKCT, «B KOTOpOM OH OTKpbmaeT focno~y CBOIO ~yrny. 3~eCh MO:>KHO ys~eTh, C KaKOH He:>KHOCThiO, - COBeprneHHO He 06BHH$1$1 KOpONI B TeX 6e~ax, KOTOpble eMY H ero ~py3b$1M npHUIAOCb nepeHeCTH,- OH MOAHT focno~a 3ai.UHTHTh KOpONI H BblpaJKaeT CBOIO y6e~eHHOCTh B "'HCTOTe ero noMbiCAOB»90. BnpoqeM, He crparnacb CKoMnpoMeTHposaTh ce6a KaK np~sopHoro H 6AH3Koro ~pyra KopoNI, PacHH COCTaBNieT XBaAe6H)'IO anHTacpHIO so CAasy craporo 6oroCAosa: HeHasHttHMhiii O.llHHMH, AJ06HMbrH .o:pyrmm, Ilo'UITaeMbm seeM MHpOM li 6oAee .o;oCTOfun.m )KHTb s seK anOCTOAOB, He:lKeAH B Haw nopO'IHbrH seK, ApHO TOAbKO 'ITO nO.llOWeA K KOHilY CBoero TepHHCTOI'O IJYI'H· Y HpaBOs He 6biAO 6oAee crpororo ueHaopa; Y A:lKH - 6oAee crpawHoro spara; 90 Y IJ;epKBH - 6oAee CTOiiKoro H seAHKoro aauurrHHKa .

KaK 6orocAos, pasHbrH :Soccroa, KaK cpHAococp- MaAb6paHrny, KaK rpaMMaTHcr - AaHceAo, KaK AOrHK H MopaAHcr - HHKoAIO, KaK TaAaHTAHBhrH noAeMHcr- )Kropbe, AHTyaH ApHo npesocxo~HA scex CBOHX COBpeMeHHHKOB COBOKynHOCThiO CBOHX TaAaHTOB. C 1686 no 1690 ro~ OH o6MeHHBaeTca c Aeii6HHUeM nOCAaHH$1MH, KOTOpbie npe~crasAKIOT seplliHey cpHAococpcKOH MbiCAH. Aeii6HHU noHHMaA 3Ha"'HTeAhHOCTh arou nepenHCKH H nocAe cMepTH csoero cppaHuyacKoro ~pyra MHOro paa rosopHA o Heo6xo~HMOCTH ony6AHKOBaTh aTH nHCbMa. ApHo oco6o BbmeAaAca CHAOIO csoero xapaKTepa. IloaTOMY Kor~a B 1696 ro~y lJlapAh lleppo rOTOBHA K neqaTH CBOIO KHHry «3HaMeHHTbie AIO~H, KOTOpbie nOSIBHAHCb BO <l>paHUHH B 9TOM BeKe C nopTpeTaMH BO BeCb pOCT», OH nO~)'MaA, ecreCTBeHHO, 0 TOM, "'TT6bi noMeCTHTb TaM HMeHa TiacKaAa H ApHo. KaHUAep :Syrnpa ~aA corAacHe Ha aTo. ITo 9TOMY noso~y He3YHThi He ~asaAH KopoAIO noKoa s Te"leHHe scero ro~a, a :Syrnpa nonpocHA Tieppo HCKAIO"'HTh o6oHX SIHCeHHCTOB H3 KHHrH, "'TO H 6hiAO C~eAaHO, 3a HCKAIO"leHHeM

MEIDIETC>I AM <l>PAHI..\IDI?

593

HeCKOAhKHX KOmpa6aJIAHhiX 9K3eMI1MipOB, KOTOphle H3,1:taTeAh ~e3aAbe B3.HA Ha ce6R CMeAOCTh pacnpOCTpaHHTh no CBOeMy ycMOTPeHHIO. Mo:>KHo cKa3aTh, 'ITO AiottoBHK XIV He np0$1BHA B 9TOM tteAe HH qpe3MepHOH aBTOpHTapHOCTH, HH noAHoii norurrAHBOCTH. Co cBoeii cropOHhi, npHHU KoHtte Ha 6eAoM AHCTKe cBoero 9K3eMI1M1pa «3HaMeHHThiX .i\10,/:teH» HanHCa.i\:

BeAHKHii Apao npe.liCTaeT 3.llec& l<aK repoif, AHWeHHbrH CAaBbl npH )I(H3HH, Ho, 6y.li)"'H o6Aa,a;aTeAeM se'iHOH CAas&x~ 26 H}')K.llaACJJ AH oa s roil, npH)KH3HeHHoif?

~pyme 3.1\omrxareAH npoUHTHpOBaAH CAettyiOmee MeCTO H3 TaUHTa: «Praefulgebant Cassius atque Brutus eo ipso quod effigies eorum non

videbantur» («Kaccnii H EpYT CAaBHAHCh HMeHHO noToMy, 'ITO HeAh3R 112 6hl.i\O BH,lteTh HX H306p(l)KeHHH» ). Te, KTO COBepweHHO He 3Ha.i\ .1\aThiHh H )KHJ\ B CBOeM BeKe, 6hl.i\H o3a6o':leHhi noBcettHeBHOH, 6ecKoHe'IHO TPeBo:>KHoii )KH3HhiO: 6oAhwoii CMepTHOCThiO H 3-3a ttByx y)KaCHhiX 3HM H KpH3HCOM, KOTOpbiH BhiMOTa.i\ xpynKyiO CeAhCKOX03RHCTBeHHyiO 9KOHOMHKy. «KOPOJ\h XOTEA Bbl, BOTIPEKM BCEMY, BH,l{ETh CBOR HAPO,ll; BOAEE C'lACTAHBbiM» «ITo BOAe CA)"iaR BTOpaR noAOBHHa uapCTBOBaHH$1 AiottOBHKa XIV COBna.i\a B 60AhWeH CTeneHH C nepHO,I:tOM KJ\HMaTH'ieCKHX 220 6ettCTBHH» . ITo BOAe C.i\}"iaR HaHXyttwne npnpottH~>Ie 6ettCTBHR coBnaAH c nepnottoM BOHHhi, KOTOpyiO BeAa <l>paaUHR. ITo BOAe CA)"iaR Bee 9TH H€:C'iaCThR nOCAettOBaAH 3a oTMeHOH HaHTcKoro 9,/:tHKTa; BOT no9TOMY 6oAhWHHCTBo nporeCTaHTOB ysHtteAH B 9TOM He CA)"iaHHhle coBnatteHH$1, a np0$1BAeHHe rneBa BceBbiWHero. KaK 61>1 TaM HH 6~:ol.i\o, MO:>KHo 6hl.i\O o6BHHHTh B 9TOM KOpOA$1 TOAhKO AHWb H3-3a CAHWKOM ynpomeHHoro nottxotta K BeruaM. TaKoii noBepXHoCTHhrn nottxott HHCKOAhKO He CMYIUaA <t>eHeAoHa, KaK Mhi 9TO BHtteAH. TaKoii ynporueH'iecKHii nottxott eme MeH~:owe CMYIUa.i\ poMaHTH'iecKHX ncropnorpacpoB, H TaKOMY, KaK MHWAe, Ka)KeTCR, ,l:t(l)Ke HpaBH.i\OCb TO, 'iTO KO BCeM HeC'iaCTh$1M, CBR3aHHhiM C BOHHOH, H Ko BceM 3a6oTaM npasHTeAhCTBa npncoettHH$1AHCh npnpottH~>Ie 6ettCTBHR. A Betti> AiottoBHK XIV He TOAhKO He ynpaBA$1.1\ CHJ\aMH npHpO.lthi, HO erue H He BbiKa3biBa.i\ 6 e3yqaCTHOCTH K rop10 npOCThiX .i\10,/:teH. C CaMOrO Ha'ia.i\a CBoero uapCTBOBaHH$1 OH rOBOpHA, nHCa.i\ H tteHCTBOBa.i\ TaK, 'IT06hl noMoraTh CaMhiM YR3BHMhiM CAORM HaceAeHHR. Mo)KHO npoqeCTh B «MeMYapax 3a 1661 rott»: «HH'iTO MHe He Ka3a.i\OCh 6oAee cpO'IHhiM, qeM Heo6xottHMOCTh o6Aer'IHTh 6ettCTBeHHOe flOAO)KeHHe B npOBHHUHRX H np0$1BHTh MOe COcrpattaHHe 63 K HHM» • 8TO He 6bl.i\H C.i\OBa, 6poweHHbie Ha BeTep, nOCKO.i\hKY KQpOAb B TO )Ke CaMOe BpeMR npHH.HA peweHHe CHH3HTh Ha.i\OrH.

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594

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roaopHT BoAb-rep, - ecrecrneHHO H AOI'H'IHO, <rro6hl a6coAIOTHhiH MOHapX 3a60THACR 0 npOUBeTaHHH CBOHX llO~~aHHhiX. Hn opraHH3auiDI ~aopa, HH nepee3~ B BepcaAh He MewaAH Aio~o BHKY XIV mrrepecoBaThcR noAO)KeHneM caoero Hapot:~a. EMY B 9TOM llOMOraAH H pa60Ta C MHHHcrpaMH, H H3)"1eHHe ,llOHeCeHHH HHTeH-

~aHTOB, H H3)"1eHHe pa3HhiX npoweHHH, H llOMep)KaHHe CBR3eH C CeKpeTHhiMH areHTaMH, H Te AH'-IHhie KOHTaKThi CO IIITaTCKHMH H BOeHHbiMH AHUaMH, KOTOphte y Hero yCTaHaBAHBaiOTCR BO BpeMR llYTerueCTBHH H BOeHHhiX llOXO~OB. Y KOpOAR 6hiA, llOMHMO BCero 9TOrO, 3aMe'laTeAbHhiH HHcpopMarop, reHepaA Aenpe-rp ~e Bo6aH, ocHoaaTeAh craTHCTHKH n po~oHa'laAhHHK ~eMorpacpH'IecKon HaYKH· B 1678 rot:~y Bo6aH H3o6peA caon MeTO.ll no~c'leTa ,l:IOMOB, KOA.H'-IeCTBa AJO~eH, COCTOmuHX B 6paKe, ~eTeH, CAyr, HHOCTpaHUeB. 8TOT MeTO,ll, KOTOphiH CHa'laAa 6hiA onpo6oaaH BO cppaHUY3CKOM 8HO, ,llOA)KeH 6hiA no3BOAHTh Aio~oBHKY XIV «TO'IHO 3HaTh 'IHCAO CBOHX no~t:~aH HhiX, peaAhHhiH ypoBeHh HX 6oraTCTBa H 6e,l:IHOCTH, HMeTh TO'IHOe npe~CTaBAeHHe 0 TOM, 'ITO OHH ,lleAaiOT, 'JeM )KHBYT, 'JeM TOpi')'lOT, 'JeM 3aHHMaiOTCR, XOpOWO OHH )KHBYT HAH nAOXO, Ha 'ITO npHrO~Hhl 3eMAH, Ha KOTOphlx OHH )KHBYT, 'ITO 3t:~ech xopowero HAH nAoxoro, KaKOBbl Ka'leCTBO H llAO~OpO.llHOCTh llO'IB, HX ueHHOCTh H ypO)KaHHOCThj TO'IHO 3HaTh, HaCKOAbKO KOpOAeBCTBO MO)KeT npOKOpMHThCR CBOeH 3eMAeH H HaCKOAbKO OHO MO)KeT 060HTHCh 6e3 llOMOIIJ:H COCe177 ,lleH, eCAH ero 3eMAH 6y~YT npnBe,lleHhl B HaHA)"'Wee COCTORHHe» H T. ~- BoceMb AeT cnycrR, B 1686 ro~y, 6y~yw.nn MapwaA ony6AHKOBaA «06ru:Hii n npocron cnoco6, KaK coc'JHTaTh AJO~en», a B 9TO apeMR HHTeH,llaHThi IJ;eHrpaAhHOH <l>paHUHH llbiTaAHCb COC'JHTaTh 'IHCAO «,llBOpOB» B CBOHX cpHHaHCOBbiX OKpyrax. 8TH 'IHHOBHHKH He npHBHQCHAH B CBOIO pa60Ty HHKaKOrO qyBCTBa, B TO BpeMR 9KOHOMH'JeCKyiO cropoHy OT COUHaAhHOH He OT~eARAH HH KOpOAb (ero 3anHCH 06 9TOM CBH.lleTeAhCTByiOT), HH ~e Bo6aH (ero «KopoAeBcKaR ~ecR™Ha>> B 1707 rot:~y llOK~eT 9TO A)"'We, 'JeM 'ITO 6hi TO HH 6hiAO). Mo)KHO 6hiAO 6hi noaepHTh, <rro y Bo6aHa 6hiAO npet:~qyacrnne o HacrynAeHHH nepHO~a KpH3HCOB. Y)Ke B 1687 ro~y Ha'JaAOCb TO, 'ITO cerO~HH Ha3bffiaiOT «MaAeHbKHM Ae~HHKOBbiM nepHO,llOM», TpH,llUaTh 6e~CTBeHHbiX AeT (KOTOphie 3aKOH'JaTCR AHWb B 1717 ro~y), B Te'leHHe KOTOpbiX Hawn npe~KH 6y.llYT crpa,llaTh OT XOAO,lla. 3HMa 1693 ro~a 6biAa KaTacrpocpH'IeCKOH. 0Ha nopo~HAa )KeCTOKHH rOAO,ll. 1694 ro~ HH'Iero He H3MeHHA. 3aMeTHoe 3aTHwhe CTaAo oru:yw.an,cR AHWh B nepno~ c 1704 no 1708 rot:~. Ho crpawHaR 3HMa 1709 rot:~a, _llO'ITH TaKaR )Ke )KeCTOKaR, KaK H 3HMa 1693 ro~a, llOjlO.llHAa HOBbiH nepno~ ~acHoro xoAo~a. 8ToT )KYTKHH xoAO.ll rybHT KYAhTYPhi, o6peKaeT t:~epeBHlO Ha rOAO~, Bbi3biBaeT CllOHTaHHyiO MHrpaUHIO H nopo)K~aeT 6po~R)KHH'IecTBo. foAo~ HHor~a y6naaeT npHMo, a HHor~a KOCBeHHO- qepe3 3llH,lleMHH, Ha'JHHaiOIIJ:HeCR cpet:~H He~oe ~aroru:ero HaceAeHIDI. B Hawe apeMR C'IHTaiOT, <rro KpH3HCHbie 16931694 rO~bl Y"eCAH ,l:IO ~Byx MHAAHOHOB 'JeAOBeK, a 1709 H 1710 ro~bl - OKOAO O,llHOro MHAAHOHa 'leThrpeXCOT 'JeAOBeK. llepeMeru:eHHe

MEHJIETC.R: AM ll>PAHUIDI?

595

AIO,l(eH, Bbl3Ba.HHOe rOAO,l(OM, He o6Aei"'HAO llOAOJKeHHe, a ycyry6HAO ero. ECAH roAO,l( B OCHOBHOM 6HA no CeAbCKOH MeCTHOCTH, 9nH,l(eMH'IeCKHe 6oA.e3HH o6pyn.tHA.Hcb B 6oA.hmen creneHH Ha ropo.l(a - H3-3a HeC06AIO.l(eHHR npaBHA rHrHeHbi, H3-3a CKOnA.eHH.!I HapO.l(a, H3- 3a HCll0Ab30Ba.HHR aarp.HaHeHHOH BO.l(hi, Ha-aa cKonAeHHR He'IHCTOT. BecHa

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peC'IeT B 1694 ro.l(y • 8TH cpO'IHhie o6CAe,l(OBa.HHR He RBARIOTC.!I a,l(MHHHCTpaTHBHbiMH npH'J:Y,l(aMH. 3a llOHlllaprpeHOM CTOHT CaM Aro,l(OBHK

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H ecAH y KOHTpOAepa H eCTb s MhiCARX crpeMA.eHHe no.l(-

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ro.l(a) . «Mbl B Kypce BCeX TeX 6e.l(CTBHH, KOTOpbie nepe-

JKHBaiOT npOBHHUHH, H XOTeAOCh 6bi OT BCel'O cep,l(Ua 06Aer'IHTb HM Hx yqacrb, HO Ha Hac ,l(aBRT co scex cropoH»

q>espaA.!l

1693

ro.l(a).

«KopoAh xoTeA 6hl, sonpeKH sceMy, BH.l(eTh cson Hapo.l( 6oAee cqaCTAHBbiM»66 (10 MapTa). KopoAh see 6oAhme H 6oAbme npoRBAReT He TOAbKO CBOIO ecTeCTBeHHYJO 6A.arOJKeAaTeAhHOCTb H aa6ory 0 rocy.l(apCTBeHHbiX HHTepecax H 0 pocre HaCeAeHH.!l, HO H CHAbHbie XpHCTHaHCKHe 'IysCTBa.

fAABAX.XV

596

IIOMAHHI>IE Ero BE...I\lfliECfBA 11 HX MHOfOPAliTOBOCTh

;rroii CAO)I(}IOH o6craHOBKe KopoAIO HeB03MO)KHO 6biAO, KaK B

1661 ro.l{y, YMeHbllliiTh Ha.Aorn. HanpomB, npo.l{o.h)KeHHe BoiiHhx rpe6oBa.AO BBe.l{eHWI HOBoro Ha.Aoroo6Ao)KeHIUI. Ho Alo.l{OBHK

XIV

IIoHlllaprpeH npH6erAH K 6o.11.ee cnpase.l{AHBOMY Ha.Aoroo6AO)KeHHID, '!eM TO, KOTOpOe cyw:eCTBOBa.AO npe)K.l{e B KOpoAeBCTBe. ne.l{Hble OXOTHee OAaTKr Ha.AOrH, KOr,l{a 3HaiOT, 'ITO Be.ll.bMO)KH H 6oraTbie OT HHX He H36aBAeHbi TO)Ke. A BOT TaK Tenepb ,l{eAO H o6CTO$l)\.0. 18 IDIBapH 1695 rO,l{a .l{eKAapaiJ,HeH KOp0)\.$1 BO <l>paHUHH yCTaHaBAHBa.AaCb KanHTaUIDI, e)KerO.l{HbxH OO.l{)'lllHblH c6op, HOBbxH THO Ha.AOra .l{)\.$1 HallleH ClpaHbi, .l{OBOJI.bHO peBOAJOUHOHHbxH (nOCKOAbKY 3HaTb TO)Ke o6H3aHa ero nAaniTb), XOTH H CKOnHpOBaHHbm c I.J;eHrpa.ll.bHOH EBpoIIbl. CeH-CHMOH noAaraeT, 'ITO KOHlpOAep IIoHlllaprpeH Bhrny~eH 6hiA ero yCTaHoBIITh npomB cBoero )KeAaHWI.

Alo.l{OBHKe

XIV

;rroro CKa3aTh HeAh3H. OH B Te'leHHe Bcero 1694 ro.l{a 3opKo CAe.l{HA 3a npHrOTOBAeHH$1MH H rrpasHAaMH npHMeHeHWI aToro Ha.Aora. ECAH 6oraTbie nAaTKr, eCAH 3HaTb BbiHY)K.l{eHa TO)Ke BHOCHTb CBOIO AeJITY npOTHB CBOeH BOAH, KOpOAb ee He npOCTO npHHHMaeT, OH ee rpe6yeT. cha OC06eHHOCTb, KOTOpaH CB$13bffiaeT HOBbxH Ha.AOr C 3KOHOMH'leCKHM H COUHa.ll.bHbiM 3aMbiCAOM, C o6rneii OOJI.HTHKOH, ~e CaMa DO ce6e .l{OCTaTO'IHa, 'IT06bi OOKa3aTb BCIO HCKJI.IO'IHTeAbHYIO Ba)KHOCTb KanHTauHH. Ho cero.l{H$1 Mbi B~HM erne H .l{pyroe, H6o nO.l{)'lllHbxH Ha.Aor no3BOAHA He TOJI.bKO nonoAHHTb BO BpeMH BOHHbi rocy.l{apCTBeHHYIO Ka3HY, HO erne H noKaaa.A HaM CTPYKTYPY cppaHUy3cKoro o6rneCTBa npH crapoM Ee)KHMe, COUHa.ll.bHYIO noAHTHKy Alo.l{OBH38 Ka XIV H ee .l{OCTH)KeHHH • 3aCAyra He B CaMOH KopoAeBCKOH .l{eKAapaiJ,HH, a B YCTaHOBAeHHH TapHcpa H B ero npHMeHeHHH Ha BCeH TeppHTOpHH <l>paHUHH.

caMOM .l{eAe, MapKH3 .l{e lliaMAe, HHHUHaTop

noro npoeKTa, BbicoKonocrasAeHHhie 'IHHOBHHKH IIoHlllaprpeHa, ero peaAH3aTopbi, HaxO.l{KrCH B Kypce He TOJI.bKO Bcex pecypcoB ClpaHhi, HO H 3HaiOT Bee HIOaHCbi cOIJ,Ha.ll.bHOH HepapXHH. A ;rro - 6ecueHHo.

TP"

Tenepb He coCAOBWI (.l{yxoBeHCTBo, .l{BOpiDICTBO H rpene coCAOBHe) HJI.H .l{Ba AarepH (npHBHAernpOBaHHbie H pa3HO'IHHUbi, 6oraTble H 6e.l{Hbie, fOCOO.l{CTBYIOrnHe H OO.l{'IHH$110IUHeCH) 06AaraiOTC$1 Ha.AoraMH, a .l{B~UaTb ~a «KAacca» Ha.AoronAaTe.ll.biUHKOB. OHH HaC'IHTbffiaiOT

569

paHrOB, npHCBaHBaeMbiX B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT 3BaHWI,

COCAOBH$1, 'IHHOB H peMeCeA. IJepBbxH KAacc, KOTOpbm BKAJO'laeT, B 'laCTHOCTH, KOpOAeBCKYIO ceMbiO, MHHHClpOB H r AaBHbiX cpHHaHCHCTOB, o6AaraeTC$1 Ha.AOfOM B 2000 AHBpOB; BTOpOH KAaCC, KAaCC repuoros

nepBoro npea~eHTa,

nAaTHT

1000

AHBpoB;

BOCbMOH

KAacc, KOTOpbm HMeeT s csoeM cocrase 6pHr~HhiX reHepa.Aos H coBeTHHKOB napAaMeHTa, 06.11.araeTC$1 Ha.AOfOM B

200 AHBpOB;

IIKrH~Ua

TbxH KAaCC, B KOTOpOM cpmypHpyiOT IIHCapH rp~aHCKHX H yrOAOBHbiX cy.l{oB H paHTbe cpe.l{HHX ropo.l{OB, OAaTHT 40 AHBpoB. IIoCAe.l{-

HHii

KAacc, KAacc npOCTbiX co~aT H MeAKHX CAyr, o6.11.araeTC$1 scero

AHlllb O.l{HHM AHBpoM. TaK KaK nO.l{)'lllHbxH Ha.Aor He 6biA HH Ha.AoroM

MEIDIETCJI AM <l>PAHUIDI?

597

Ha KamrraA, HH HaAOroM Ha ,llOXO,llhi, a HaAOroo6AO)KeHHeM no pamy, ero TapHcp SIBNleTCH HacTOHIIUIM peHITeHOBCKHM CHHMKOM cppaHUy3CKOfO o6meCTBa, 3ane'laTAeBIIIHM ,llBe TpeTH nepHo,lla ,llOAroro npasAeHHH Alo.llOBHKa XIV. HaceAeHHe KopoAeBCTBa He HBNieTCH HH COCAOBHLIM o6meCTBOM, YCTaHOBAeHHhiM npOTOKOAOM, HH KAaCCOBhiM o6meCTBOM, peryAHpyeMLIM ,lleHhraMH. ,lJ;eAeHHe Ha.uHH Ha TpH COCAOBHH He SIBNleTC.ll 60ALWe COUHaAhHOH peaALHOCThiO (.zla)Ke eCAH ,llBOpHHHHa 9AeraHTHO o6e3rAaBAHBa.IOT, a pa3HO'IHHUa TpHBHaAI:.HO BeWa.IOT 3a O,llHO H TO )Ke npecrynAeHHe). BoT no'leMY neps~:.m KAacc no nO.zlYWHOMY HaAory OXBaThmaeT 60AhWOe KOAH'IeCTBO cpHHaHCOBhiX pa3HO'IHHUeB. HepapXH'IeCKHe TIIT)'ALI, .llaBaeMLxe s 3aBHCHMOCTH OT AeHHoro BAa,lleHHH, He HMeiOT 6oALwe CMhiCAa, Ha nepsoe MeCTO no 3HaTHOCTH Bhl.llBHra.IOTC.H TOALKO repuorcKHe ,llOMa. MapKH3hi, rpacp~:.x, BHKOHThi H 6apOHhl ,lleMOKpaTH'IeCKH ypaBHHBa.IOTC.ll B O,llHOM paHre: KOpOAh HX noMeCTHA B ce,llLMOH KAacc, K KOTOPOMY Ta.K)Ke OTHOCHTC.H - H snoAHe ,lleMOKpaTH'IHO- c6opi.UHKH TaAhH H KOHTf>OAephl nO'IT. qTO KaCaeTC.H «,llBOpHH, y KOTOphiX HeT HH AeHHOro BAa,lleHHH, HH 3aMKa>>, TO eCTL HaxO.ll.lii.UHXC.H Ha yposHe Ka,lle PycceNI*, reHepaAJ:.HLm KOHTpOAep noMeCTHA HX s ,lleB.HTHa,llUaThm KAacc sMecre c YHHBepcHTeTcKHMH CTOPO)KaMH, co,llep)KaTeNIMH Ka6ape, CTOpO)KaMH oxOTHH'IhHX yro.llHii! 113 9T0f0 He CAe,llyeT, 'ITO 9KOHOMHKa HrpaeT Teneph fAaBeHCTByiOI.UyiO pOAh BO cppaHUY3CKOM o6meCTBe. «ilpH npe)KHeM pe)KHMe HHKOf,lla He 6biAO BCeBAacTH.ll ,lleHer , KaKHe 6bi HH Cyi.UeCTBOBaAH npH HeM 6oALIIIHe 3AoynoTpe6AeHH.H», - nHCaA llern. KaKHM 6bx HH 6LIA 6oraThiM c6opmHK TaALH (HaAOf 250 AHBpOB ,llNI ce,llbMOro KAacca) , oH HHKOr,lla He Mor 61:.1 6b1Th snepe.llH reHepu-AeiiTeHaHTa apMHH (wecroii KAacc), ,lla)Ke eCAH 61:.1 9TOT noCAe,llHHH 6blA 6e3,lleHe)KHI:.IM. flpaKTH'IeCKH H IOpH,llH'IeCKH MOHapXHH OCHOBaHa y HaC Ha 'IeeTH; 'IeeTh CTOHT .llOpO)Ke ,lleHer. ll09TOMY COUHaAhHM HepapXHH He H,lleT no O,llHOH AHHHH. 0Ha CTpOHTC.ll no 'leTLipeM KpHTepHHM: no .llOCTOHHCTBY (no KoTopoMY MapwaAJ:.x l>e3oH HAH KaTHHa, .llOCTaTo'IHo CKpOMHOfO npOHCXO)K,lleHHH, H.llYT Bnepe,llH CaMhiX 3HaTHhlX reHepaA-AeHreHaHTOB) , no BAaCTH HAH no MOryi.UeCTBy (KOTOpbie nOMel.Ua.IOT MHHHCTpOB cpa3y )Ke nOCAe npHHUeB KpOBH) , no 6oraTCTBY (3a C'leT KOTOporo BHUe-a,llMHpaA ycrynaeT MecTO Ka3Ha'leiO BOeHHOfQMOpCKOfO cpAOTa) no ysa)KeHHIO (9TO «'ITo-TO TaKOe HeyAOBHMOe», 1

.llOporoe omy I>yypy \ 'ITo-To xpynKoe, HeompHMoe, TO e,llHHCTBeHHoe, 'ITO no3BONieT no,llnpasHTh )KeCTKoCTL ,lleAeHHH AIO,lleH Ha KAac-

c~:.r).

138

TaKOBbi CTpYKTypLI craporo pe)KHMa • TeKCTLI 1695 ro,lla .lla.IOT CTOALKo )Ke cse.lleHHii o KOHDIOHKType. XOT.H CO'IeTaHHe MorymeCTBa H 6oraTCTBa scer,lla 6AaronpHHTCTBYeT cpHHaHCHCTaM, MO)KHO TOAhKO Y.llHBAHThC.ll TOMY, 'ITO Mbi BH,llHM OTKyni.UHKOB - 9TH OTKyni.UHKH TaK )Ke He06XO,llHMhi, KaK HenOnyNipHhl, - no paHry nOCTaBAeHHLIX Bbrwe repuoros. Me)K,lly reM CeH-

* fepoii aapo.aHoH: necHH XVIII seKa. -

Ilpu.«e<~.

peo.

598

fAABAXXV

CHMOH, KOAKHH npe,l.lcrasHTeAh KAaeea repuoros, 3a6biA o-rpa3HTb s eBOHX MeM)'apax nO,l.l06H)'IO «eKaH,l.laAbH)'IO» eHT)'auHIO, OTKy,l.la MO)I(HO BH.lteTb, /.lO KaKoii creneHH Arol.lOBHK XIV nepeopMHposcu 3a 34 ro,l.la esoero npasAeHHH eouHaAbHbie CAOH KopoAescrsa. 31.leeb rAaBeHcrsyi<m.{ee noAO)I(eHHe roeyl.lapcrseHHOH CAy)l(6bt HacrOAhKO O'!eBH,ltHO, 'ITO OHa eoseprneHHO 3aTMHAa ,l.leAOBOH MHp: eaMble 3Ha'IHTeAhHbie npe,l.lcraswreAH Toprosoro MHpa, omOBbie ToproBUbi HaxO,l.lHTeH B O,l.lHHHa,l.lUaTOM KAaeee no nO,l.lyutHOM}' TapH<l>Y· He 6yl.leM s 3TOM yeMaTpHBaTb HeKyro apxaH'IHOCTb. Arol.lH 1690 ro,l.la eBH3biBaAH 06HOBAeHHe He e 06HOBAeHHeM npoMbiillAeHHOCTH HAH ToprosAH, a e o6HosAeHHeM HHCTHTyTOB, e TOH nepel.lOBOH a/.lMHHHc-rpauHeii, KOTOpOH e 1661 rO,l.la Alo,l.lOBHK Hero MHHHCTpbl yl.leNIIOT CfOAbKO BHHMaHHH. Onibme, eCAH BOeHHbie CAy)l(6bi H npO,l.lOA)I(alOT no Tpa/.lHUHH 6b1Tb BbieOKO'ITHMbiMH, AIO,l.lH nepa, ey,l.leHeKHe H HHaHeHeTbi y)l(e eonepHH'IaiOT e apMHeii. B KruK/.lOM H3 nepBbiX KAaeeos, pa3,l.leAeHHbiX no nO,l.lyutHOM}' Ha.Aory, TO eCTb KAaeeOB peaAbHOrO o6wecrsa Toro speMeHH, see c-rpoHTeH no onpel.leAeHHOM}' H nocroHHHOMy nOpH/.lKy: BOeHHOe eOCAOBHe, AIO,l.lH nepa H ey,l.leHeKHe, AIO,l.lH HHaHeosoro MHpa. TaKM «,l.lHen03HUHH» nOKa3bmaeT, 'ITO ,l.lBOp He MO)I(eT 6b1Tb nocraBAeH Bbiille seero ey,l.leHeKOrO eoeAOBIDI H 'ITO see ey,l.leHeKOe eOCAOBHe He MO)I(eT 6b1Tb Bbiille seero HHaHeOBOrO MHpa. 9-ro HepapXH'IeeKoe paenoAO)I(eHHe noKaabmaeT, 'ITO soeHHoe eoCAoBHe, ey,l.leHeKOe eOCAOBHe H HHaHeOBbiH MHp, KOTOpbie paeeMaTpHBaiOTeH B npo<t>eceHOHaAbHOM OTHOilleHHH, HBNIIOTeH CTOAna.MH roey,l.lapcrsa, r AaBeHCfByYOWHMH eHAaMH, ,l.lOnOAHJDOUJ.HMH 1-lpyr 1-lpyra H KOHKypHpyYOWHMH l.lpyr e l.lpyroM (6Aaro,l.lapH YMeAo enposoUHposaHHOM}' eopesHosamuo) eHAa.MH o6wecrsa. TaKoso pal.lHKaAbHOe H3MeHeHHe, KOTOpoe HaBH3bmaeTeH HenpeKAOHHOH BOAeH KOpONI. HaKoHeu, ,l.locrosepHoCTb TapHos 1695 ro,l.la npoeAe)I(HBaeTeH ,l.leTaAbHO. 01-lHO H3 npHAO)I(eHHH K TapHaM nO'ITH nOAHOCTbiO noeBHWeHO 3BaHIDIM H /.lOA)I(HOcr.SIM soeHHo-MopeKoro <PAoTa. TaKHM o6pa30M, OHH nOAHOCTbiO OTprul<aiOT ,l.leHcrBHTeAbHOCTb. I1paB,l.lOno,l.l06HOCTb 3TOrO npHAO)I(eHIDI HeOenOpHMa, KOr,l.la SH,l(Hillb, 'ITO IloHrnap-rpeH HBNieTeH O,l.lHOspeMeHHO r AaBOH HHaHeOs H BOeHHQMopeKHX eHA. 0 '!eM rosopHT 3TH ,l.lOKYMeHTbi? 0 TOM, 'ITO soeHHOMopeKOM AOT sosee He norn6 s nopTY Aa-Yr. UH<l>pbi MHorO'IHeAeHHbiX TapHos noKaabmaiOT, 'ITO nopTbx H apeeHa.Abi )I(H3Heenoeo6Hbi, 'ITO 60AbillHe 3eKa,l.lpbl HaxO,l.lHTeH B UeAOCTH H eoxpaHHOCTH, 'ITO KOpOAeBeKHH yKa3 OT 1689 ro,l.la 0 BOeHHO-MOpeKOM AOTe a<P<t>eKTHBHO ,l.leiicrsyeT. IlapaAAeAbHO nposO,l.lHMaH HOBaH TaKTHKa, TaKTHKa TOprOBOH BOHHbi, HMeeT He MeHee BruKHOe 3Ha'IeHHe: B npHAO)I(eHHH ynoMHHaiOTeH see ,l.lO e,l.lHHOrO 'IAeHbi Bbiernero KOMaH,l.lOsaHIDI H seex 3KHnru~<eH KOpeapeKHX KOpa6AeH (KanHTaHbi, KanHTaHAemeHaHTbi, AeHTeHaHTbi, nHeapH, esHWeHHHKH, XHpyprn, 60UMaHbi, Ma-rpoebt). TaKoe noAHoe nepe'IHeAeHHe, TaKM TO'IHOCTb so seeM ,l.lOCfaTO'!Hbl ,l.lNI TOrO, 'IT06bi nOKa3aTb, 'ITO se,l.leHHe KOpeapeKOH BOHHbi H eoe,l.lHHeHHe pery.MipHbiX H HeperyAJipHbiX MopeKHX eHA -

MEHRETCR J\M <l>PAHUIDI?

599

'ITO np:v.~aBa.AO rH6KOCTb H 3cpcpeKTHBHOCTb HaiileM)' cpAO'I)' - He 6epyr CBOe Ha'Ia.AO B 1693 ro~y: pa3Be MOrAH 6hi 3TH CHAhl CTaTh TaKHMH 3Ha'IHTeAhHhiMH aa KaKHe-HH6y~h ~Ba ro~a? TOT cpaKT, 'ITO B paarap BOHHhi neperpy)KeHHhie CAy)K6hi MHHHcrpa, B03rAaBAmOlllero O~HOBpeMeHHO ~Ba ~y~HhiX Be~OMCTBa, CMOrAH COCTaBHTh, B CB.H3H C He06XO~HMOCTblO HauTH BhiXO~ H3 Ha.AQrOBhiX TPY~HocreH:, o~HH ua Han6oAee o6cro.HTeAhHbiX ~OKYMeHTOB aa BCIO a,ltMHHHCTpaTHBnyiO H COUHa.AhnyiO HCTOpHIO, n03BOA.HeT H3MepHTh runpory noAHTH'IecKoro YMa KopoA.H n Ka'IeCTBo ero MMHHHcrpauun. KOPOAEBCTBO rEPUOrA EYPIYH,li;CKOfO BoiiHa eme ~eT, H KOMHccaphi, pacnpe~eAeHHbie no BCeM npoBHHUH.HM, AHIIlHHH pa3 no~TBep~.HT B 1697 ro~y, KaK npO'IHa a,ltMHHHcrpaTHBHa.H CTpYKrypa <l>panUHH. ~ nO~TBep~eHH.H 3TOrO HM 6y~eT npe~crasAeH CAyqaH: repuoroM ~e EoBHAhe. 8-roT BhiCOKonocrasAeHHhm 'IHHOBHHK o6pamaeTC.H K HHTeH~aHTaM He KaK rocyAapCTBeHHhiH MHHHcrp, a KaK rysepHep Ero Bhlco'IeCTBa repuora Eyp~cKoro. <f>eHeAOH n ~e EoBHA:be npeno~asaAH 3TOM)' MOAO~OM)' npHHUY AaThiHh, reorpacpnro, noAHTHKy, BOeHHoe ncKycCTBo, 'IHT9AH AeKUHH no peAHrHH. EoBHA:be )Ke np~aeT caMoe 6oAhwoe aHa'IeHne HCTOpHH, HMeHHO TOM HCTOpHH, KOTOpa.H CB.H3aHa C COBpeMeHHOCTbiO, npeno~asa.A OH ee no-HOBOM)', o&:be~HH.H.H c reorpacpneH:. HaM naBeCTHa nporpaMMa, cocraBAenua.H repuoroM ~A.H ChiHa MoHceHhopa, no KOTopoH: OH pa6oTa.A, Kor~a MaAb'IHKY 6hiAO oT TPHna,nuam ~o BoceMua,nuam AeT: ncropn.H AHrAHH n ceBepHhiX crpaH (1695), ncropH.H fepMaHHH, AOTapHHrHH, ~epA~OB n CasoH:n (1696), ncropn.H pa3AH'IHbiX rocy~apCTB l!TaAHH (1697), HCTOpH.H ll6epHHCKOrO noAyocrpoBa, Becr-~HH H AcppnKH (1698), ucropH.H BOCTO'IHOeBponeiicKHX rocy~apCTB, HaKOHeU, HCTOpH.H <l>paHUHH aa ~Ba BeKa (1700) 224 • EoBHAhe uy)K~aeTc.H B noMomn a,nMHHncrpaTopoB npOBHHuliH, 'IT06hi OHH ~aAH ~OnOAHHTeAhHhiH MaTepHa.A ~A.H HCTOpHH <l>pauUHH. BoT no'IeM)' OH npOCHT OKa3aTh eM)' 3TY yCAyry y)Ke B Ha'Ia.Ae 1697 ro~a. «I1aM.HTHa.H 3anHCKa, nOCAaHHM BCeM HHTe~aHTaM OT HMeHH repuora ~e EoBHA:be, 'IT06 OHH OTBe'IaAH nocraTeiiHo Ha Bee ero aanpocbi, H npe~uaaHa'IeHHa.H CAy)KH'Th noco6neM npn o6yqeHHH repuora Eyp~cKoro», ~OA)KHa 6hiAa cno~BHrnyTb mrre~aHTOB ~an nOAnyiO Kapmny Ka)K~OH npOBHHUHH: reorpacpH'IeCKOe nOAO)KeHHe; oporpacpH.H, HaBHraUHOHHhie nyrn; KAHMaT; npO~YKUH.H; Aeca; CKOTOBO~CTBO; WaxThi; cppYKTOBhie ~epeBb.H; «TOprOBA.H npOBH3HeH»; «60AOTa, KOTOphie HMO ocyruHTh», nOPTPeTbi )KHTeAeii; 'IHCAO HaceAeHH.H B ropo~ax, ~epeBH.Hx n npnxo~ax; peAHrH03Hhie, npaBOBhie n KYAhTYPHhie HHCTHT)'Tht; ~yxoBHOe coCAoBne; no~po6uo o ~Bo pmCTBe; «~OA)KHOCTHhie AHUa ropo~OB H HX penyraUH.H; Ta.AaHThl, BAH.HHHe, KOTOphlM OHH 06Aa,naiOT; HX HMyrueCTBo»; CeAhCKOe X03.HH-

600

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,ll;seH~uaToro HHBapH 1700 ro~a ,ll;aH:lKO 3anHcbtsaer: «3~oposbe KOpOAH l1cnaHHH JKpenAHeTCH», HO OH Y3Haer 19-ro, 'ITO Ero KaTOAHqecKoe BeAH'IeCTBo 6oAbrue qaca Ae:lKu s o6MopoKe. 23-ro s BepcaAe ~JMa.IOT, 'ITO KapA II «nOAHOCTbiO onpa.BHACH noCAe csoero o6MopoKa». 1 MapTa, HanpOTHB, «llOCAe~HHe M~pH~CKHe HOBOCTH He npHHOC.llT HH'Iero xopowero o 3~oposbe KOpoAH HcnaHHH». ,ll;aH:lKO 3anHCbmaer 5-ro: «0H CHAbHO onyxaeT, H O'ieHb 60.siTCH, 'ITO OH He Bbl~ep:lKHT»26. EoAbrue socbMH MecHues OH H He Bb~ep:lKHT. M~p~cKHii ~sop - pacc~HHK HHTPHr· Aro~oBHKa XIV HeHasH~HT ero wypHH TaK :lKe, KaK H O'IeHb BAHHTeAbHaH aBCTpHHCKaH napTHH. Espona 3aMepAa s o~aHHH. BeHcKHe fa6c6yprn npHCTaAbHO CAe~.srr 3a C06biTHHMH H H~eiOTCH, 'iTO OHH 6y~JT e~HHCTBeHHblMH HaCAe~HHKaMH KopoHbx. TpH MopcKHe ~ep:lKaBbi - AHrAWl, <l>paHUHH H Coe~HHeHHbxe TipoBHHUHH, - HanpoTHB, npe~noAara.IOT pa3~eA, He :lKeAaH HH s Koeii Mepe soccraHOBAeHHH HMnepHH KapAa V. ,ll;.s ophi H KaHUeAHpHR npHWAH B ~BH:lKeHHe, 3apaHee ~eAH KOpOAeBCKHe 6oraTCTBa H 3eMAH )'MHpaiOruero: HaCAe~CTBO orpOMHO H C06Aa3HHTeAbHO. 0Ho BKAIO'IaeT KaCTHAHIO, AparoH, Hasappy, EeAhrniO, 6oAhruyiO 'IaCTb l1TaAHH (MHAaHCKJIO, TocKaHCKJIO, HeanoAHTaHCKJIO npoBHHnHH H CHUHAHIO), Cap~HHHIO, sc10 AaTHHCKJIO AMepHKY (KpoMe EpaaHAHH), <l>HAHnnHHbi. B l1cnaHHH nAoxoe ynpasAeHHe, HO OHa ocraercH t.£eTBepToH MopcKOH ~ep:lKa.BOH. Ka:lKeTcH, 'ITO c 1680 ro~a 6e~HOCTb HeCKOAbKO JMeHbWaeTCH Ha 9TOM llOAYOCTpOBe. B KaTaAOHHH Ha6AIO~aercH HeKorophm no,lfbeM. AMepHKaHCKHe ~pa roueHHhie MeTaAAbi BHOBb noHBAHIOTcH s K~Hce. B 1698 ro~y KapA II xoqer, t.£T06bx ero HaCAe~HHKOM cru BHyqaThm nAeMHHHHK, y KOTOpOro 6biAO npeHMJlUeCTBO: OH He 6biA HH fa6c6yproM, HH Eyp6oHoM - EasapcKHH npHHU, ChiH KypcpiOpcra HocHCp-<l>ep~HH~ (JMep s 1699 ro~y). CMepTh 9Toro K~~aTa CBeAa K ~BJM 'IHCAO npere~eHTOB, HMeiOruHX cepbe3Hble lllaHCbi : AH6o apurepuor KapA, nAeMHHHHK KOpoAH l1cnaHHH, po~HBWHHCH s 1685 ro~y, AH6o <l>HAHnn, repuor AH:lKyHCKHH, po~HBWHHCH s 1683 ro~y, BTOpoif CblH HaCAe~HHKa <l>paHUHH, CAe~OBaTeAhHO, BHy'IaTblH nAeMHHHHK KapAa II, KaK 9TO s~Ho H3 cAe~JIOweif Ta6AHUbi.

fAABAXXVI

610

B03MOJKH.biE HCIIAHCKHE HACAE,lJ.lillKH*

<t>HAmm IV {yMep s 1665 r.)

IIepettii 6pa'K

Brrwpoii 6pa'K

MapW1-Tepe3HJI

Maprap~rra-Tepe3HJI

KapAll

{1638- 1683),

{1651 - 1673)

{1661 - 1700)

cynpyra Alot~osHKa XIV

cynpyra AeonOAh.Aa I

{1638 - 1715)

{1640 - 1705)

HMIIeparop

MoHceHbOp

(1661 -1711) Hac.Ae.AHHK

JilocH<P I (1678 - 1711) HMneparop

<t>HAmmV repuor AIDKyiicKHii, KOpOAb Hcnamm

KapA VI, MapWI-AirryaHeTra, 9purepuor, cynpyra «KopoAb KapA ill», MaKCHMHAHaHa ll{1685 - 1740) 9MM3.H)'H.ha HMIIeparop (1662- 1726) BasapcKHii Kyp<\>!OpCT

HocHcp4>ep.AHHaH.A ()'Mep s 1699 r .)

{1683- 1746)

1698

XIV III npH-

roti.y KaHP.HP.aTOB Ha paati.eA 6hiAO -rpoe. Aroti.OBHK

"<~epe3 nocpeti.CTBO rpa¢a 11.e TaAAapa y6eti.HA BHAhreAbMa

CAeti.yrolUHH paati.eA (HAH pac"<IAeHeHHe): spurepuor KapA noAyqaeT MHAaHCKYJO npoBmm;Hio, MoHceHbopy ti.OCTaiOTCH o6e CHUHAHH, TocKaHa H Capti.HHHH, 11ocH¢y4>epti.HHaHP.Y EasapcKOMY- see OCTaAbHOe; npH 9TOM <l>paHUHH MeHbllle BCerO 3a6oTHAaCb 0 TOM, "<JT06bi CTaTb HTaAbSIHCKOH ti.ep:lKaBOH, CKOpee 3ti.eCb peqb lllAa 0 TOM, "<IT06bi OBAatJ.eTb «06MeHHbiM KaDHTaAOM» P.AH npHo6peTeHHH CasouH H "<IT06bi eme 60Ahllle OKpyrAHTb CBOIO TeppHTOpHIO. CMepTb 11ocH¢a-<t>epti.HHaHP.a aHH)'AHposaAa ti.e-¢aKTo ( 1699) STOT npeKpacHbrn 3aMbiCeA. IloHBHACH TaK:lKe HOBbrn ¢aKTop: KapAOBHUKHH MHP (26 HHBapH 1699 roti.a) 03Ha"<IaA oCAa6AeHHe HalllHX rypeuKHX coi03HHKOB, OTti.aBaA AeonoAbti.Y I BeHrpHio H TpaHcHAh-

lU!Tb

* IlpHBe.AeHHaJI s KHHre Ta6AHUa HeTO'iHa. Jila Hee He BHJlHO, 'iTO HocH<P I H KapA VI 6biAH .AeThMH AeonoAh.Aa I He oT MaprapHTht-TepeaHH. IloCAe.AHIDI 6LIAa MaTeph!O AHIIIh MapHH-AHryaHeTTLI, 'ieM H o6oliCWIAHCh npeHM)'IUeCTBeHHbie npasa 6asapcKoro npHHUa. 3aro lfocH<P H KapA 6LIAH no MaTepH nAeMJIHHHKaMH Jt<eHhi KapAa ll Jilc.naHCKOrO. - !1pUMe'l. peiJ.

11CITAHCKOE HACAE,llCfBO

611

BaHHIO, TeliiHA era Ca.MOAI06He H ll03BONIA 9TOM)' HMnepaTopy H3 ~oMa fa6c6ypros Kp)"'e nosepJiYTI>C11 B cropoHy 3anClAHOH Esponhx. A.IOAOBHK XIV H Ae TopeRs CB113R c 9TOH Honoii cmyau»eii BHOBh B0306HOBRAH neperosopbr c BRAhreAbMOM III. 8pnrepnory KapAy AONKHa 6biAa AOCTaTbC$1 HcnaHH$1, EeAbrH$1 R Becr-lfHAIDI; repnor AoTapHHrcKHii noA)"'RA 6bi MRAaHi HeanoAb neperneA 6bi K repnory CasoiicKOM)'i MoHceHbop nOA)"'HA 6bi AoTapRHrHIO R Casoif10. 5 RIOA$1 1699 rOAa RMnepaTOp pelllHAC$1 Ha pa3AeA, HO npR ycAOBRR, 'ITO era MAClAllleM)' ChiHY AOCTaHeTC11 BC$1 HTaAH$1, a <t1>aHUH$I, B Ka'ieCTBe KOMneHcanRH, noA)"'HT Becr-HUARIO. Ho aHrAH'iaHe socnpoTHBHAHCb npRH$ITHIO 3TOH llOCAeAHeH CTaTbR AOrosopa, Aa R AloAoBRK XIV npeAnO'iHTaA coxpaHHTb cso10 oKpyrAeuuyw TeppHTopRro. TaKHM o6paaoM 6biA copnaH o6mHii AOrosop, H A.IOAOBHK XIV noAnHcaA c AHrAHeH (13 J\oiapTa 1700 roAa) H c CoeARHeHHbiMH IlpoBHHUR11MH (25 MapTa) Hosoe corAarneHHe o paaAeAe. 8pnrepnor KapA noA)"'aA H6epRHCKHH noAyocrpos, Becr-HUAHIO R EeAbrHIO. MHAaHCKYJO npoBHHUHIO AONKeH 6biA nOA)"'HTb repnor AoTapHHrCKHH. MoHceHhop nOA)"'aA HeanoAb R CHUHAHIO, see HcnaucKRe ¢opTbi TocKaHbi, npoBRHUHIO [HfiYCKoa (<l>yaHTapa6H11, CaH-Ce6aCTb$IH) H repnorCTBo AoTapHHrcKoe. «EnponeifcKHe KaHUeA$IpHH, npHHHManurne )"'aCTHe B 9THX neperonopax, coneprneHHo He C'iHTaAHCb c HcnaunaMH H HX HanHOHaAbHhiMR 'i)'BCTBaMR. HcnaHUbi )l(e, HeCMOTp$1 Ha CAa6oCTb MOHapXHR, He )l(eAaAH corAarnaTbC$1 c paC'iAeHeHReM cnoeii RMnepRH; B 1700 roAy nOAO)I(eHHe B MClAp»Ae pe3KO H3MeHHAOCb. KapA OC03HaBaA BeAH'iRe HcnaHHR H OTHOCHAC11 C 60AblliRM )'B~eHReM K CBOeM)' KOpoAeBCKOM)' AOMy. OH He xoTeA MHpHTbC$1 c TeM, 'iTO PBYT Ha 'iaCTH ero KOpOAeBCTBO, KOTOpoe eme COBceM HeAaBHO 6biAO nepsoif esponeif124 CKOH Aep)l(asoii» • KapA II MHoro nOTpyAHAC11 H<lA cocranAeHReM 3aBeJllaHH$I R Ha3Ha'IHA 3aKOHHOrO HacAeAHRKa; 'iepe3 MeC$IU, B AeHb Bcex CB$ITbiX, 1 H0116p11 1700 roAa, OH cKOH'iaAC$1.

AoBKMI1 xo~ KapA II He TaK 6ecnoKORAC11 o TOM, 'IT06bt Bbt6paTb AH'iHOCTb HaCAeAHRKa, KaK 0 TOM, 'iT06bi o6ecne'iHTb eARHYJO CYAb6y BCeM 3eMA$IM, npRHClAAe)l(amRM RcnaHcKoii KopoHe. KorAa y)l(e 6biAO cocranAeHo nepsoe 3asemaHRe, Aananrnee apurepuory KapAy npano Ha noAHoe HacAeACTBO, KapARHaAY IlopToKappepo yAaAOCb y6eAHTb KOpOA$1 noAnRcaTb Hosoe 3anemauRe B nOAh3Y <l>HAHnna, repuora AH)I(yHCKoro (a eCAH He era, TO repnora EeppRiicKoro, ero 6paTa, eCAH He nocAeAHero, TO apurepuora KapAa, a ecAH He apurepuora KapAa, TO repuora CanoiicKoro). AI06a11 MbiCAb o paC'iAeHeHRH RCKAIO'iaAacb, HO craBHAOCb yCAoBReM, 'ITO o6e 6yp6oHCKHe MOHapxRR He CARBaiOTC11 B OAHO rocyAapCTBo. «HonoCTb o 3anemaHHH B nOAb3Y repuora AH)I(yHCKoro paaopsaAacb, KaK 6oM6a, B MClApRAe 2 H0116p11 1700 roAa H npHseAa B 3a.Me-

612

r .1\.ABA XXVI

rnaTe.i\hCTBO a.BcrpmicKyro napnno, HO Bbi3BaAa sceo6mee y~osAe 124 TBopeHHe HCnaHUeB» • 9-ra HOBOCTb CTaAa H3BeCTHa H 3a rpaHHUeH, 0 "leM y3HaA TaAAap, Haxo~HBillHHca ~o 9Toro B Ao~oHe H npH6bmlllHH B <l>OHTeH6AO y)f(e 2 HOa6pa 1700 ro~a; OH H COo6mHA AJo~OBH Ky XIV o 6ecnoKOHCTBe H pa3~pa)f(eHHH 6pHTaHCKoro npaBHTe.i\hcrsa; 5 Hoa6pa co6paAca coseT MHHHcrpos H pelllHA oCTa.BaTbca sepHbiM npoeKry pac"l..\.eHeHH$1, o6 9TOM TOT"lac )f(e YBe~oMHAH neHcHoHapH$1 XaiiHceyca. Me~y TeM y)f(e craAa o6pa30BhmaThca napTH$1, 6AarOnpH$1TCTBYJOmaa socxo~eHHIO Byp6oHa Ha HcnaHcKHH npecroA; oHa BKAIO"laAa MapKH3a ~'ApKypa, Harnero noCAa B M~p~e, Bap6e3be, rocy~apcrseHHoro soeHHoro ceKpeTapa H, KoHe"lHO, no"'TH npHMo 3aHHTepecosaHHoro MoHceHbopa. BOT no"leMY He.i\h3H npo~OA)f(aTb YTBep~aTh, "'TO 3a.BemaHHe KOpOA$1 HcnaHHH npoH3BeAo sne"laTAeHHe rpoMa cpe~H acHoro He6a. Ho oHo Bb~aAO noAHTH"leCKHX ~eareAeH H Aio~oBHKa XIV npHHHTb B HaHKpaT"laHlllliH cpoK O~HO H3 cepbe3HeHillHX perneHmi B HallleH HCTOpHH. 0rc"leT speMeHH Ha"laAC$1 BO BTOpHHK 9 HOH6pa B <l>OHTeH6AO. «TaK KaK KOpOAh 6hiA YTPOM Ha coseTe cpHHaHCOB, Eap6e3he aBHAca K HeMY c ~OKA~OM o 124 cMepTH KOpOA$1 HcnaHHH» H npHHec eMY BbmHcKy H3 ero 3a.BemaHH$1, npHrne~rnyro c no"'TOH, KOTopyro nepe~aA HoaH. «KopoAh OTMeHHA HaMe"leHHyro Ha 9TOT ~eHb oxory H npocHA scex MMHHCTpOB co6paTbca s 4 qaca y M~aM ~e MeHTeHOH>>. MoHceHbOp, KOTOpbm YTpoM oxOTHAca Ha BOAKOB, ~e Haxo~HAca so ~sopue. CoseT npo~OA)f(aACa ~o ceMH qacos. M~aM ~e MeHTeHoH, B anapTaMeHTax KOTOpOH co6paACH COBeT, TO)f(e npHCYTCTBOBaAa>>26 • TaK KaK He seAca npoTOKOA coseTa, a 6y~ymHe paccKa3bi o HeM necrpHAM npoTHBope"'H$1Mli (s paccKa3ax, snpo"leM, nepe~a.BaAOCh co~ep)f(aHHe ~HcKyccmi ~syx 3ace~aHmi coseTa- 9-ro H 10-ro), HeB03MO)f(HO coseprneHHO "leTKo H no~po6Ho y3HaTh, o "leM rosopHAM 22 BblcrynaJOmHe • 06 9TOM MO)f(HO HMeTh npe~CTaBAeHHe TO.i\hKO B o6mHx qepTax. Ho socco3~aHHe 3Toro cosemaHH$1, KOTOpoe no3BOA$1eT renepb, TPHCTa AeT cnycra, oueHHTh Aio~OBHKa XIV KaK HanpaBNIIOmyro H pernaJOm)'IO AH"'HOCTb, 06'bHCHHBlllerO npH"'HHbl, no KDTOpbiM CAe~yeT npHH$1Tb H HcnoAHHTh BOAJO KapAa II, npe~CTaBA$1eT ca coseprneHHo cooTBeTCTByromHM HCTHHe. Bo3MO)f(HO, "'TT npHH$1Tb npe~AO)f(eHHe KapAa II 03Ha"laAO no~sepmynca pHcKy B03HHKHoseHli$1 sceo6mero KoHcpAHKTa. Ho npH npHCTaAbHOM paccMOTPeHHH ~OBO~OB 3ace~aHHH COBeTa B HOa6pe 1700 ro~a Aer"le 6y~eT npHIDITh 3HaMeHHTOe YTBep~eHHe BoAhrepa: «HHKor~a He 6biAO 6oAee 3aKOHHOH BOHHbl>>. MapKH3 ~e TopcH a Ka"leCTBe ~oKA~"lHKa Ha coseTe MHHHcrpos nepBbiM BhiCKa3aA csoe MHeHHe. OH nocrapaAca - "'TO cooTBeTCTBoBaAO ero poAH - npe~CTaBHTh ~sa B03MO)f(HbiX sapHaHTa: HAM npHWITh HOBbiH sapHaHT npocppaHUY3CKoro 3a.BemaHH$1 KapAa II, HAM OCTaTbC$1 BepHbiMH 06a3aTe.i\hCTBaM, B3HTbiMH no OTHOllleHHIO K BH.i\hre.i\hMY OpaHCKOMY· l1pHH$1THe 3a.BemaHH$1 MorAo 6bi nosAe"lb BOHH)', TaK KaK Espona ynpeKaAa 6hi KopoA$1, "'TO OH npeTe~yeT Ha

613 sceMHpH)'IO rereMoHHIO. IIocrasHB Ha coMHHTe.hhHbiH Bbmrpbnn, Mbi MorAH 6bi nOTep.srn. npe.a;Ao)KeHH)'IO HaM aHHeKcmo AOTapHHrHH, KOTOpaJI rapCUITHpOBaAa CllOKOHCTBRe Hanm:x rpa.HHU CO cropOHbl HMnepHH. TopeR Ka3aACSI He O'leHb )'BepeHHLIM B npeHM)'llleCTBax npHHHTHSI npe.ll:AO)KeHHSI RCllaHUeB R llO~MY roBopHA 0 HHX He o'IeHb y6e.a;HTeAhHO. A repuor .a:e EosHAhe He KOAe6aAcSI B Bbi6ope BapRa.HTa. OH «C'IHTaA, 'ITO H)"KHO npH.ll:ep)KHBaTbcSI .a;orosopa o pas.a;eAe, TaK KaK 6biA y6e)K.l(eH B TOM, 'ITO BOHHa (a OHa, ecreCTBeHHO, Ha'!HeTCSI B J;!eay.hhTaTe npHHHTHR npe.a;AO)KeHHSI KapAa II) paaoPHT <t>paHUHIO» . KaHUAep, KaK R TopeR, paccMOTPeA Bee «3a» R «npOTHB». Ho, B npOTHBOllOAO)KHOCTb CBOeMY MOAO.ll:OMY KOAAere, OT.ll:aA npe.a;no'!TeHHe RCllaHCKOMY aasemaHHIO. KaHUA.ep .ll:YMaA, 'ITO B CAyqae soiiHhi HaM He'Iero CAHiliKOM 6o.srn.c11 HMnepaTOpa, ciOaepeHa He3aBRCHMbiX KHSiaeii (oH 3a6bmaA, 'ITO Mbi nOTepSIAH c 1699 ro.a;a noMep)I(Ky, OKa3bmaeM}'IO HaM TYPKaMH, R He npe.a:crasASIA ce6e, 'ITO Hai.liHMH e.l(HHCTBeHHbiMH COI03HHKaMH Ha 3eMAe HMilepHH 6LIAH 124 EasapcKHii Kyp<PIOpcr R ero 6eaT, KeAbHCKHH apxnenHcKon ). OH c )'BepeHHOCTbiO rOBOpHA, 'ITO <PpaHUIDI HMeeT .l(OCTaTO'IHO MOII(H}'IO cHAy, 'ITo6bi 3aiiUITH1'h HcnaHHIO R roproBbie nyTH, cBSI3bmaiOII(He ee c KOAOHIDIMH. CBSI3aHHbrn c HeroUHa.HTaMH nopToB ATAa.HTHKR R AaMaHIIIa, c KOMMepqecKHMH naAaTaMH R HX .a:enyTaTaMH, c '!AeHaMR coseTa no ToproBAe (coa.a:aHHoro 29 HIOHSI 1700 ro.a:a), IIoHIIIaPTPeH OTAH'IHO 3HaA, qero XOTSIT 9TH 9HeprH'IHLie AIO.ll:H. OH 3HaA, 'ITO OT ~HKepKa .a:o EaiioHHLI TOAhKO R Me'ITaAH o TOM, '!To6bi pasBHBaTb aMepHKaHCKHH HMilopT R HaBO.ll:HHTb AaTHHCK)'l<? AMepHKy 6peToHCKHMH xoAII(OBbiMH TKa.IDIMH R qepHbiMH pa6aMH 124• IIo cpasHeHHIO c npeHM)'llleCTBoM, noAyqaeMbiM npR yCAOBHH npHHHTHR aasemaHHSI, KOTopoe ycHAHAO 6LI BAIDIHHe B 3aMOpCKHX crpaHax Haiiiero KOpoAeBCTBa R llPHYMHO)KHAO 6LI ero BbrrO.a;bi, YMeHbiiiaJI BAIDIHHe R Bbiro.a;bi AHrAHH R fOAAaH.ll:HH, npRo6peTeHHe AOTapHHrHH 6LIAO 6bi HHqeM, TaK KaK 9Ta crpaHa 6biAa paaop~eHa R HeHTpaAH30BaHa noCAe PRCBHKCKoro MHpa. OcrasaAcSI HepaspeiiieHHLIM sonpoc, KaK 6biTb c AHrAHeii (KTo Mor aasepHTb <t>paHUHIO B qeCTHOCTH BHALre.hhMa OpaHcKoro?), R ocrasaAacb onacHOCTb BOiiHhi. Ho eCAH cymeCTBOBaAa no.a;o6HaJI OnaCHOCTb, MO)KeT 6biTb, CTOHAO llO.a;BepnryTbCSI eii B Ha.a;e)K.l(e npRo6peCTH 6o.hhiiioe R 6oraTOe HaCAe.a;crso, a He KpoXH OT KaKOI'O-TO pas.a;eAa? IIoCAe ~ro BbiCKa3bma.HHJI IIoHIIIapTPeHa BbicrynHA MoHceHbop R no.a:.a:ep)KaA ero co Bceii cHAOH. OH nO'!THTeAhHO, Ho TBep.a:o nOTPe6osaA «CBOe HaCAe.l(CTBO», R TeM HacTO~ee, 'ITO OH AHIIIaACSI Ha.a;e)K.l(bl Ha AH'IHYIO BAaCTb B HTaAHH, npe.a;nO'IHTaJI o6ecneqHTb CBOeMY Cbmy <l>HAmmy 60Abiiioe KOpOAeBCTBO COrAaCHO BOAe CBoero .li:SI.a;R. MHeHHSI pas.a;eAHAHcb. AIO.a;oBHK XIV BbicrynHA B KOHUe .a:e6aTOB, cKasas, 'ITO OH ocrasASieT 3a co6oii npHHSITHe peiiieHHSI. OH )KeAaeT llO.ll:YMaTb R llO.l(O)K.l(aTb HOBLIX CBe.a;eHHii. HoBaJI HH<PoPMaUHSI npHIIIAa 10 HoSI6pSI. 0Ha co.a;ep)KaAa HeR3124 BeCTHbie paHee .ll:eTaAH 0 «llO)KeAaHHH Be.hbMO)K R Hapo.a;a» • 0HO

614

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619

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620

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621

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622

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Hcna.HHH), H~ KOTopoii HaBHCAa CHAhHCUI yrpoaa. A se,nb repn:or CasoiicKHH Hac nOKHH)'A s nepsbie )l(e ,nHH 1703 ro,na, a B ,neKa6pe <rroro )l(e ro,na OH HaM o61>HBAHeT BOHH)'. B HH.nepAaH,nax noCAe crpeMIITeAbHoro npOABH)I(eHIDI MapwaAa ,ne :0y¢¢Aepa (HaxO,nHBweroc.SI UOA HOMHHaAbHblM KOMaH.nOBaHHeM repn:ora :Oyp~cKoro) ,no caMoro HHMBereHa (HIOHb 1702 ro,na), KOTopoe no3BOAHAO J\ro,nosHKy XIV noKa3aTb seeM 6eccrpawHe csoero BHYKa, H noCAe OTAH'iHOH aamiiTbi MapKH30M ,ne I>AeHBHAeM, CbiHOM KoAb6epa, KpenocrH KaiiaepcsepT B Te'ieHHe 59 ,nHeii, Ha'iHHaeTc.SI noAoca paaoqapoBaHHH. MaAb6opo, KOMaH.n)'IOlllHH o6"bMHHeHHbiMH CHAaMH HaWHX sparoB, OBA~esaeT feAb,nepHOM H he)l(eM. 7 HO.SI6p.SI 1702 ro,na J\ro,noBHK XIV Ha3Ha'iaeT repuora :OasapcKoro ry6epHaTopoM HH.nepAaH.nOB. ,l(o 1706 ro,na 6oAbWCUI 'iaCTb l>eAhrHH OCTaeTC.SI 6yp60HCKOH, HO MeCTHOe HaceAeHHe, o6pa3 )I(H3HH KOTOporo 6biA HapyrueH H KOTOpOMY HaB.SI3aAH CHCTeMy Ha6opa B MHAHI.I;HIO, C'iiiTaeT, 'iTO OHO UOABepraeTC.SI CO CTOpOHbl <l>pa.HUHH soeHHOMY OKKynauHOHHOMY pe)I(HMy. O,nHaKo rpa¢ ,ne :Oep)I(HK, «6eAhrHHCKHH KoAh6ep», cnoco6crsyeT speMeHHOMY ycra.HosAeHHIO ~MHHHcrpaTHBHOH opraHH3al.I;HH no THny ¢paHUy3CKOH, HO 3a60TIITC.SI 60AbWe Up.H 3TOM 0 CBOHX AH'iHblX HHTepecax H 06 HHTepecax Hcna.HIDI, nn:aTeAhHO nbrrCUJct:. <rro cKpbiTb. 3a OBA~eHHe HeKOTOpbiMH 6eAbrHHCKHMH ¢opTaMH WAa O)l(eCTO'ieHHCUI 6opb6a: B HIOHe 1703 ro,na MHAOpA MaAb60pO OBAa..ilesaeT ¢opTOM lOH; B HIOHe 1705 ro,na :OasapCKHH Kyp¢10pCT BHOBb OT6HpaeT ropo,n; B HIOAe <rroro )l(e ro,na OH on.SITb nepexo,nHT B PYK" KOaAHUHH. BoiiHa, se,nymCUJc.SI Me)I(Ay PeHHOM H tcyHaeM, BHa'iaAe p a3sHBaeTC.l!: B UOAh3Y <l>pa.HUHH. BHAAap UOAKpeiiNieT CBOIO penyTan:HIO y,naqAHBOrO noAKoso,nua. TioCAe Toro KaK OH aaxsaTHA Heii6ypr, oH paa6HA npHHI.I;a l)~eHCKOrO H HMnepn;eB npH <l>pH,nAHHreHe (14 OKT.S16p.S1 1702 ro,na). «I1MnepcKCUJ KasaAepH.l!: 6biAa noAHOCTbiO CMeTeHa... HoBbie noAKH He ycrynaAH crapbiM... Cy,nHTe, KaKOBbi 6biAH noTepH spara, ecAH aaxsaTHAH ero 30 ~apTos... Y HawHx sparos ocraAOCb Ha noAe 6o.l!: 6oAbwe 3000 'ieAoseK y61ITbiMH. K HHM HHKTO H3 HawHx coA.naT He nonaA B nAeH»26 • TaKHM o6paaoM H3"b.SICH.SieTC.SI MapKH3 ,ne BHAAap B csoeii peAHIJ.HH. B 9TOT ,neHb oH ,neiicrsHTeAhHO aacAy)I(HA MapwaAbcKHH )l(e3A. B KOHn;e <rroro )l(e ro,na rpa¢ .ne TaAAap aaxsaTHA TpHp, H soiicKa KopoAH, sowe,nWHe B Ha.HcH, Ha'iaAH HOB)'IO OKKynan;HIO repn:orcrsa AoTapHHrcKoro, OKa3aBW)'IOC.SI qpe3Bbi'iaHHO ,nAIITeAhHOH. 1703 ro,n TaK)I(e .SIRAHeTC.SI 6AarOnpH.SITHbiM ro,noM: B MapTe MapwaA BHAAap 6epeT KeAh, a Kyp¢10pcr o,nep)I(HsaeT no6e,ny npH ITaccay; B anpeAe Kyp¢10pcr OBA~esaeT ropo,noM PereHc6yproM; B Mae o6a soeHa'iaAbHHKa o6"heAHH.SIIOT cBOH CHAbl; B HIOHe Kyp¢10pCT 6epeT J1Hc6pYK; B HIOHe 6apOH AeraAb o,nep)I(HBaeT no6e,ny npH M~epKHHreHe H~ npHHn;eM J\ro,nsHr OM :O~eHcKHM; B ceHT.S16pe repn:or BypryH.ncKHH H Bo6a.H ,no6HBaiOTC.SI KanlfTYAHUHH :Opeiiaaxa; 20 ceHT.SI6p.SI BHAAap H Kyp¢10pcr HaroAosy 396 paa6HBaiOT ¢eAb,nMapwaAa rpa¢a lliTHpYMa npH XexWTe,nTe .

HCITAHCKOEHA~CTBO

623

9m Ka.Mnamrn B ~epAa.H.ltax 11 11MIIep1111 BeAHCh 113-aa I1cnaHI111. A nOAO)KeHHe <f>HAHnna V CTaHOBIITCH ace 6oAee waTK11M. OrcrynIDNeCTBo ITopryraAHH TH)KeAo cKaabmaeTcH. 16 MaH 1703 rol.(a KopoAb 9TOH crpaHbi C/.teAaA TO )Ke caMoe, 'ITO 11 repuor CasoncKI1H, 11 OH noo6eLUaA COI03HHKa.M OOCAaTb B OOMOLUb 27-TbiCjNH)'lO apM1110, 'IT06bi noMep)KaTb «KapAa Ill». 27 l.(eKa6pH no l.(orosopy, nol.(ni1CaHHOMY c ~)KOHOM MeTy9H9M, OH noAHOCTbiO oTKpbmaeT ITopryraAHIO 11 EpaaHAHIO I.(AH 6piiTaHCKOH ToproBAH. 9-ro no3BOAHeT 9purepuory npe/.tnp11HHTh nepsyro nonhiTKy. Ilp116bm B AHcca6oH B MapTe 1704 fO/.(a Ha aHfAHHCKHX KOpa6MIX, «KapA Ill» HanpaBAHeTCH B Mal.(pHI.(. Ho oH 6biA oCTaHOBAeH aospeMH repuoroM EepB11KOM, KoToporo Aloi.(OBHK cpO'IHO HanpaBHA C 12-TblCjNHOH apM11eH eMY HaBcrpeqy, 'IT06bl 3aLUIITIITb 1pOH 11COaHCKOf0 KOpOAH. 01.(HaKO 6p11TaHCKIDi cpAOT 00/.( KOMa.H,ltOBaHI1eM ai.(MHpaAa Pyl<a CTaA 'laCTeHbKO noHBAHThCH B oTKpbiTOM Mope y 6eperos AH/.taAyaHH 11 B CpM113eMHOM MOpe. PyK nOTepneA Heyl.(a'l)' np11 OOnhiTKe OBAa/.(eTb Kai.(I1COM, HO eMY y/.taAOcb BaHTh f116paATap (asrycr 1704 rol.(a), KOTOpbm 6apoH l.(e ITy9Hmc 11 rpacp l.(e Tecce nocrapaiOTCH ocai.(HTh B CAe/.tyroiUeM rol.(y, Ho nOTepnHT Hey/.taqy. ToAbKO no6el.(a cppaHuyacKoro cpAoTa np11 BeAec-MaAare (24 asrycra 1704 rol.(a) noMewaeT npespamTb Cpe/.tl13eMHoe Mope B 6piiTaHCKoe oaepo, HO TO, 'ITO «KapAy Ill» He Y/.taAOCb Ha aanal.(e B 1704 rol.(y, y/.taAOCb Ha socroKe B 1705 rol.(y. ilpHBe3eHHbiH eLUe pa3 Ha aHfAHHCKHX KOpa6AJIX, OH BbiCa)KHBaeTCH B Mcnamrn 11 noqm TOT'lac )Ke I.(06HBaeTCH np11coei.(HHeHHH :>KepoHbi 11 EapceAOHhi (oKTH6pb). ~eAo, Ka)KeTCH, nAOXO o6opa'IHBaeTCH /.tAH J\J.o/.tOBHKaXIV. 01.(HaKO Aloi.(OBI1K coxpaHHeT npeKpacHyiO Bbll.(ep)l(Ky. OH OTKpbiTO pal.(yeTcH ycnexa.M, aaKaahmaH O/.tHH aa /.tpyrHM MOAe6Hhi no noso/.tY no6el.(, 11 OCTaeTCH HeB03MYffiMbiM, KOfl.(a np11XOI.(HT nAOXHe 11AH l.(a)Ke O'leHb nAOXHe HOBOCTH. 8TO cnOKOHCTBI1e, rpaHH'laLUee C cpAefMam'IHOCTbiO, Bhi3hmaeT BOCXHIUeHI1e MapK113bi l.(e MeHTeHoH 11 l.(a)Ke, B KoHu:e KOHU:OB, 1pOHeT cep/.tue repuora l.(e CeH-CI1MOHa. 8To BHI.(I1Moe cnoKOHCTBI1e HHKOrl.(a He MewaeT Aloi.(OBI1KY XIV npaBI1AbHO pearnpoaaTb Ha co6biTHH. OH Ha.MepeHHO CKAOHHA repuora EypryHI.(CKoro 6b1Tb Ha nepei.(OBblX n0311UHJIX, KaK OH y)Ke KOfl.(a-TO, B 1688 rol.(y, 9TO cl.(eAaA c MoHceHbopoM. OH YMeeT aocnoAb30BaTbcH paal.(a'len Harpal.( KaK 11rpon, 'IT06bi CTHMYA11posaTb pseH11e cso11x noAKOBO/.tues. B 9TOH o6Aacm crapbm KopoAb npoHBAHeT, snpo'IeM, CBOIO, MO)KeT 6h1Tb, CAHWKOM 60AblliyiO AH6epaAbHOCTb. 23 CeHTH6pH 1702 fOI.(a OH np0113BeA 24 'leAOBeKa B reHepaA-AeHTeHaHTbl, 25 'leAoBeK B 6p11fa/.(Hbie reHepaAbi, a 30 AHUaM np11CB011A BblCW11e Ocp11U:epCKI1e 'li1Hbl. (Cpe/.(11 ~11fai.(HbiX reHepaAOB acrpe'IaiOTCH /.(BOpHHe Bbicwero paHra, KaK ~waTAe HAH np11HU E11pKeHcpeAbl.(, I.(Bopme MaHmH Bbicwero 9WeAoHa, KaK l.(e EepiOAAb, 11, HaKOHeu, repo11 113 HH30B, KaK :IKIOAbeH, ocpHUep, BblCAy)K11BWI1HCH 113 pji/.(OBbiX, KOTQporo Aloi.(OBI1K XIV co611paeTcH Harpai.(HTh KpecroM CsHToro Alol.(oBI1Ka 11 nocAaTb cpa)KaTbcH npoTHB Ka.MI13apos.) B Ha'laAe 1703 rol.(a

624

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OH paa.l{aeT so cpAoTe 40 Kpecros Csm-oro Alo.l{OBHKa. 20 .srnsap.R: OH HarpCl)K.l{aeT KpaeHoH AeHTOH 512 HHBaAH.l{OB, se-repaHOB neXOTbi. B nepHO.l{ Me)l(,lty .l{B)'M.R: rop)l(eCTBeHHhiMH npoue.l{ypaMH nOBhrrneHH.R: B ''UiHe OH eoaHaTeAbHO y.l{BOHA '!HeAo MaprnaAoB ~aHUHH. llx ocraBaAOeb ,l{eB.R:Th (,l.l;10pae, rpacp .l{'8eTpe, IllyaaeAh, BHAbpya, )Kyaifea, .l{06AeCTHhm EycpcpAep, Hoan, KaTHHa, eHAhHo nocrapesrnHn, H BHAAap, B paeuse-re esoHx TaAaHTOB). KopoAh npoHaBeA B MaprnaAbl eme .l{ee.R:Th '!eAOBeK: IllaMHHH, «60Ahrnoro, noAHoro '!eAOBeKa, - KaK nHrneT CeH-CHMOH, - .l{06AeCTHoro BOHHa, '!eAOBeKa 'leCTH H 6oAhrnon 'ieCTHOCTH, KOTOpOMy eOOTBeTeTBeHHO He.l{OCTaBaAO )I(HBOCTH H AOBKOeTH»26 , MapKH3a ,l{e Kespa - ebiHa rpacpa .l{18CTpe - KaK H OTeu, BHUe-a.l{MHpaAa, IllaTopeHo, Bo6aHa, PoaeHa, .l{'lOKeeA.R:, .l{e Teeee, .l{e MoHTPeBeA.R:, .l{e TaAAapa, .l{'ApKypa. B KOHUe ro.l{a OH eiO.l{a .l{o6aBHT eme rpacpa .l{e MapeeHa. TaKOBhi 9TH 11 'leAoBeK, npoHaBe.l{eHHbie B MapUiaAbl B 1703 ro,l{y. 0.l{HaKO B 9TOM enHeKe, KCl)KeTC.R:, npe.l{CTaBAeHbi ,[{Be KaTeropHH AIO,l{eH: ll.R:Tb nepBbiX - 9TO BOeHHhie, rneCTb .l{pyrHx - npH.l{BOpHhre. IlepBbiX nm-epbrx Harp~aiOT aa no.l{BHrn, a rnecrephiX .l{pyrHx nooxup.R:IOT HX eoseplliHTb. Alo.l{OBHK XIV Heno,l{BOAh aa6oTHTe.R: TaK)I(e o noMep)l(aHHH MopaAbHoro .l{yxa CTpaHbi. Tenepb, Kor,[{a oH 6oAbrne He BOIOeT Ha cppoHTe, 9Ta ero poAb .R:BA.R:eTC.R: AyqiiiHM BKAa.l{OM B se.l{eHHe soifHbx. KopoAeBeKHe rpaMOTbi, eoCTaBAeHHhre .l{OA)I(HhiM o6paaoM, paenpoCTpaH.R:IOTe.R: epe.l{H Hapo,l{a e llOMOIUblO enHeKOllOB H KIOpe .l{A.R: roro, 'lT06bi nO,l{.l{ep)I(HBaTb HAH YKPem sepHoCTb MOHapxy H naTPHOTH3M. B aasHeHMOCTH OT o6CTO.R:TeAbCTB Ero BeAH'!eCTBo TPe6ye-r OTCA~ TOp)l(eCTBeHHhie MOAe6Hbi BO CAaBy f oeno.l{a, npe,l{nHebmaeT nposo.l{HTb I06HAemxe uepeMoHHH, aaKaahmae-r «MOAe6Hbi so speM.R: 6e~CTBHH» 173 • B o6xueM, see npeAaTbx oxOTHo npHeoe,ltHH.R:lOTCJI K 9THM KopoAeBeKHM TPe6osaHH.R:M, a KIOpe ocraeTC.R: AHllih npo'!HTaTb so BpeM.R: nponOBe.l{H Beeh TeKCT HAH 'iaCTb enHeKOlleKOrO llOCAaHH.R:, eB.R:3aHHOro e aKryaAhHOH emyauHeH. TaKHM o6paaoM, 31 asrycra 1705 roAa Alo.l{OBHK XIV )l(eAaeT, 'lT06 OTCA~HAH MOAe6Hhi so CAaBY focno.l{a so seeM KOpoAeBCTBe no noso.l{y no6e.l{bi repuora BaH.l{oMeKoro 60 Ha.l{ npHHUeM EBreHHeM. B TeKCTe 9TOro noCAaHH.R: 6biAO 26 CTpOK • qTO )l(e TOr,l{a ,l{eAaeT «H3BeCTHeHrnHH H llO'iTeHHeHrnHH enHeKOn-rpacp JllaAoHeKHif, n9p ~aHUHH»? OH eoCTaBA.R:eT H OT.l{aeT OTne'laTaTh llOCAaHHe B 60 CTpOK. 8TOT TeKCT nepe,l{aeTe.R: BO Bee eaMbie OT.l{aAeHHhie npHXO,l{bi. qTO KaeaeTe.R: 'iepHOrO H 6eAOro AyxOBeHCTBa JllaAOHa, ero eoahmaiOT eo6paTbC.R: B eo6ope B soeKpeeellbe 13 eeHT.R:6p.R: «llOCAe Be'iepHH», 'lT06hi yqaCTBOBaTb B 60AblliOM 6Aaru.l{apCTBeHHOM MOAe6He H B «06bNHOH CA~6e». TeKCT Ero IlpeoeB.R:IUeHCTBa eoAep)I(HT Hacro.R:IUHH BOeHHhrH, llOAlf'I"H'leCKHH H .l{HilAOMaTH'ieeKHif aHaAH3 eBponeHeKHX AeA, aHaAH3, eAeAaHHbrn He .l{A.R: Toro, 'iT06hi YMeHblliHTb aaCAyrn repuora BaH.l{oMeKoro, a 'lT06hi npasHAhHO npe.l{CTaBHTh HCTopH'IeeKHif KOHTeKCT, B KOTOpOM repuor ,l{eHCTByeT, H npoeBeTHTb xpHeTHaHeKHH AIO,l{. Y KOpOAeBCTBa MO)I(eT He XBaTaTh HaAH'!HbiX .l{eHer, a y apMHif - npOAOBOAhCTBH.R:. TbiA ,l{ep)I(HTe.R:!

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625

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626

fAABAXXVI

r Aa.Be aTa.K)'IOmero rnap~eikKoro noAKa. Mhi nOTep.aAH TOAhKO 4000 'leAoBeK. Ho co6hiTIDI, KOTOphte TOT'lac )l(e noCAe~oBaAH , 6hiAH Y?J<aCHhiMH: Epa6a.HT H <l>Aa~piDI no~seprAHch HameCTBmo, ncHX<r AOrH'<!eCKH 9TO 6biAO O'<!eHb TJI)I(eAo; HaKOHeU, HOBbie C06hiTIDI ycyry6HAH co3~a.BmeecH 6e~CTBeHHoe noAO)I(eHHe. Aro~oBHK XIV H IIIaMHHHp pemaiOT, cosepmeHHO AOrn'lHO, OT03BaTh repuora B~oMCK<> ro, '<!T06hi oH co cBoHMH soiicKaMH 3amHTHA To, 'ITO ocraAOCh OT HH~epA~OB. Ho Ka.K TOAhKO repuor B~oMCKHH yexaA, <l>paHUHH nOTepHAa B Te'<!eHHe HeCKOAhKHX MeCHUeB MHAaHCK)'IO npOBHHl.UflO, llieMOIIT H Ca.BOHIO. Bee 9TO npoH30~eT B ceiiTH6pe, Kor~a BepCaAhCKHH ~Bop B TPesore ~O)K~aACH HOBOCTeH H3 TypHHa. 7 ceiiTH6pH npHHU EsreHHH, apMIDI KOTOporo 6biAa YKPenAeHa npyccKHMH 6aTaAh0HaMH, pa36HBaeT HarOAOBY y CTeH CTOAHUhi llieMOIITa apMHIO, KOTopoii «KOM~YIOT» repuor OpAeaHcKHH, repuor ~e Aacpeii~ H MapmaA ~e MapceH. OTHhtHe o~HH 3a ~pyrHM n~YT see HamH onopHhie nyHKThi: MaHTYH, Mo~eHa, KacaAe, KHsacco. <l>paHuy3cKaH apMWI oTKaThmaeTcH K ilHHepoAo. IloCAe XexmTe~Ta H PaMHHH TypHH 6y~eT TPeThHM cepbe3HhiM nopa)KeHHeM B Te'leHHe 3THX ~Byx AeT. TbiCH'la ceMbCOT ce~hMOH ro~ 6hiA 6oAee 6AaronpWITHhiM, Ka.K 6y~TO qepe~OBaHHe no6e~ H nopa)KeHHH ~OA)KHO 6biAO CTaTh npa.BHAOM B 9TOH CTPaHHOH soiiHe. fepuory B~oMcKoMY a~y~Ho y~ep )KHBaTh <l>A~pHIO, Ta.K Ka.K 3~eCb Ha cppoHTe BpeMeHHOe CnOKOHCTBHe. fpacp ~e <l>op6eH H ,l(Iore-Tpy3H Be~YT 3aMe'laTeAhH)'lO KOp74 capCK)'IO soiiaf • BHAAap o~ep)KHBaeT no6e~y H~ HMnepuaMH B cpa)KeHHH npH IllTOAhxocpeHe (22 MaH). IlpHHU EsreHHH H repuor Ca.BoHCKHH Bhmy~eHhi CHHTh oc~y TyAoHa (a.Brycr). H oco6eHHO CHAhHO see MeHHeTCH B HcnaHHH Ha'lHHaH c 25 anpeAH 6Aaro~apH no6e~e npH AAhMaHce B MypcHH. He o'leHh o6bi'lHaH ClfTYauHH CA<>)KHAach y repuora EepBHKa, MapmaAa <l>paHUHH, no po~eHHIO aHrAH'laHHHa (He3a.KOHHhrn ChiH KopoAH RKosa II CTIOapTa), KOTopoMY 6biAO nopyqeHo pa36HTh Aop~a foAy3H, 6pHTaHcKoro reHepaAa, no po~eHHIO cppaHUy3a (3MHrpHpOBaBlliHH ryreHOT, KOTOpbrn HMeeT ocpHUHaAbHOe HMH AHpH MapKH3 ~e PIOBHHhH), '<!T06hl Ha.BH3aTh np<>THBHHKY cppaHupcKoro K~~aTa Ha TPOH HcnaHHH! IloAO)KeHHe «KapAa Ill» nomaTHYAOCh: B Mae BaAeHCIDI no~'lHHHAach <l>HAHnny V, aHrA<rnopTyraAbUhi c~aAH Caparocy. B OKTH6pe repuor OpAeaHCKHH OBA~eA ropo~oM Aep~a H craA ~O)KH~aThCH n~eHHH KpenocTH (HoH6pb). ApXHenHcKona IlapH)Ka 6ecnpecraHHo TPe6yeT K<r poAb. Aro~OBHK npocHT era OTCAy)KHTh 6oAbmoii MoAe6eH BO CAa.By focno~a no noso~y no6e~hi npH AAbMaHce, BTopoii MOAe6eH- no noso~y npa3~HOBaHWI po~eHHH npHHUa AcrypHHCKoro, TPeTHH MOAe6eH - no noso~y B3HTHH KpenoCTH Aep~a. BOT Ta.KHM o6paaoM ~0 napH)KaH ~OXO~HT HHcpopMauHH 0 TOM, 'ITO y MOAO~OrO KOpOAH HcnaHHH BHOBh noHBHAach H~e)K~a. ThiCH'la ceMhCOT BOChMOH ro~ npHHOCHT - KaK 6y~To BhlllOAHHH BOAIO 3Aoro poKa - MaAO npHHTHhiX secreii B BepcaAh. KaK B 1706

HCI1AHCKOE HACAE,llcrBO

627

ro~y MHOrO pa30'IaposaHMH M CMeHRIOUlMX O,liHO .z~pyroe HeC'IaCTMH.

E.zlMHCTBeHHOH OKa3MeH ~NI 60AhiiiOro MOAe6Ha BO CAasy f OCDO~a 6hiAO B3fiMe TopTOChi 6y~ymMM pereHToM: <:~TOT no~sur cosepiiieH 11 MIOAR 1708 ro~a, s TOT )l(e ~eHh Mhl nOTepneAM cep~>e3HOe nopa)l(eHMe s Hu~epAaH~ax. A csepx S~Toro npu ~sope IIIeD'IYTCR o TOM, 'ITO repuor OpAeaHCKMH TaHHO BCT)'DMA s crosop c aHrAM'IaHaMM, Ha~eRCh cTaTh KopoAeM HcnaHMM. l1TaK, ~a)l(e eCAM nAeMRHHMK Aio~oBMKa XIV 6hiA npocTo-Hanpocro OKAeBeTaH, ero no6e~a oTpasAeHa rope'IhiO. Bnpo'IeM, noso~hl ~NI pa3o'IaposaHMH MHo)l(aTca. RKo6MTCKaR nonhiTKa BhiC~KM B llloTAa~MM, npe~npMHR TaR rpacpoM ~e <t>op6eHOM co csoeii acK~poii, ~oiiie~IIIeii ~o 8~MH6ypra, He yseH'IaAach ycnexoM ua-aa He~ocraTO'IHOH no~ro TOBKM (MapT- anpeAh). <t>AaH~pCKaR KaMDaHMR MMeAa rn6eAhHhie noCAe~CTBMR. CTap~>m KopoAh, sMecro Toro 'IT06hi ~osepMTh cy~~>6y EeAhrMH M CesepHoii <t>paHUMH o~HoMy TOAhKO repuory BaH~OM CKOMY, MMeA HeocropO)I(HOCTh o61>e~MHHTh repuora BaH~OMCKoro c repuoroM EypryH~CKMM. 8To 6hiAO caMoe HecosMeCTMMoe o6'he~M HeHue, KaKoe TOAhKO MO)I(HO ce6e npe~crasHTh. fepuor BaH~oM CKHH scer~a )I(MA noAHOKpOBHOH AH'IHOH )I(M3Hhl0, repuor Eypr~ CKHH - XaH)I(a, npe~no'IMTaiOmMii Ayqiiie noiiTM Ha MoAe6eH, '!eM 3ace~aTh Ha BOeHHOM COBeTe. 06a rop~eUhi, HO MX pa3AM'IHOe TUleCAaBMe B CO'IeTaHMM C 3TOH rop~OCThiO ~eAaeT HX npOTHBHMKaMM. fepuor EypryH~CKMH HM'Iero He noHMMaeT s soiiHe, a repuor BaH~OMCKHH- craphiH COMaT. illaMAe opraHM30BaA DOXO~ B AyqiiiHx Tpat~MUHHX Aysya, TO eCTh ~eTaAhHO paapa60TaB nAaH onepaUHM, HO KopoAh He CYMeA onpe~eAHTh, KOMY H3 ~syx repuoros ~OA)I(HO npMH~Ae)l(a'!'h sepXOBHOe KOMaH~OBaHMe. Haiiia apMHR, HaxO~Rch s TaKOM noAO)I(eHMM, ~OA)I(Ha 6yt~eT B03Ae Ay~eHap.z~e BCT)'IlHTh s 6oii c soiicKaMH MaAb6opo M npHHUa EsreHHH. Cpa)l(eHHe Ha'IaAOCh He no npMKa3Y Ha MaAonpuro~HOH MecrHOCTM. B OCHOBHOM HaTHCKY no~sepraeTCR Hallie npasoe KphiAO, a caMo cpa)l(eHMe pa36MAOCh Ha ceMh-BoceMh OT~eAhHhiX 6MTB. B aTOM cpa)l(eHHH, ~AMBIIIeMcR c sochMH YTPa ~o noa~Hero seqepa, Mhi He BhiMrphmaAM, HO M He npourphmaAM. EhiAO seeM xopoiiio uaseCTHo, 'ITO repuor BaH~OMCKHH YMeeT OTAM'IHO MMDpOBH3MposaTh, npeKpacHo ysAeKaTh l\lO~eii M cnoco6eH M3MeHHTh c~ KpMTH'IecKyro CfiTYaUHIO. Ho s seqep nocAe Ay~eHap~cKoro cpa)l(eHMR repuor Eyp~cKMii peiiiHA OTCT)'IlaTh B HanpasAeHMM feHTa. 8TOT OTXO~ C 3aHHMaeMOH D03MUHH, KOTOphrn BHa'IaAe BOcnpMHMMaACR KaK He)l(eAaHHe npo~oA)I(aTh cpa)l(eHHe, npespaTHACR B 6ecnopMO'IHoe 6erCTBO (11 MIONI). fepuory B~OMCKOMY <:ITO OTCT)'IlAeHHe 6y~eT CTQMTh ~ByxAeTHeH HeMHAOCTM, M 3TO B TOT MOMeHT, KOr,lla B KOpOAeBCTBe He xsaTa.Ao noAKosot~ues, repuory Eyp~cKOMY - npeapeHMSJ, YMeAo cKphmaeMoro ero ~et~oM. CTpaHe OHO HeCAo cephe3HyiO ODaCHOCTh, apMHH ,llaBaAO DOBO,ll K ,lleMOpaAM3auMH, K C'IacThiO KOMneHCMpOBaHHOH K oceHH repoM'tecKOH o6opoHoii MapiiiaAa ~e EycpcpA.epa s AHAAe (12 asrycra- 9 t~eKa6pR).

628

fAABAXXVI

Heyrennrre.hhHO noAo:>~<:eHHe H Ha Cpe~H3eMHOM Mope. B 1707 ro~y Heano.hh nepemeA K 9purepuory. .AHrAHHCKHH cpAOT AHlliHA Hac Toro npeBocxo~crsa, KOTOpoe Mbi HMeAH c 1676 ro~a. EpHTaHUhi 6epyr MeHopKy s ceHT.H6pe - OKT.H6pe; <l>HAHnn V He no~omeA eme K KOHUY csoHX HCIIhiTaHHH. Bee noHHMa.IOT, 'ITO Aro~osHK XIV, He npeKpa.masmHH C 1704 ro~a H3biCKHBaTb ll)'TH, se~ymHe K MHpHOMY yperyAHposmmo, crpeMHTC.H cero~H.H 6o.hhme, 'IeM o6hNHO, K neperosopaM. HecMOTp.H Ha csoespeMeHHhm npHXo~ s cpHHaHChi reHepa.hhHOro KOIITpOAepa ,ll;eMape, Ka3Ha KopoAescrsa HCTOmeHa. KopoAescrsy eme npe~CTOHT nepe:>~<:HTb caMoe T.H:>KeAoe HCIIbiTaHHe. «I'P03HNI 3I1MA» ( 1709)

K YHH3HTeAhHOMY soeHHOMY noAo:>~<:eHHIO, K onycromeHHOH Ka3He, K neperosopaM, Ha'IaTbiM s caMbiH 3.1\0C'IacrHbiH qac, npH6aB.HTC.H ~.1\.SI KOpOAeSCTBa H KOpO.I\.H y:>~<:aCHbie 6e~CTBH.H 3HMbl 1709 ro~a, TaKOH :>~<:e cyposou, KaK 3HMhi 1693 H 1694 ro~oB. B naM.HTH Hamero Hapo~a OHa OcraAaCb no~ Ha3SaHHeM «fp03Ha.H 3HMa», KOTOpa.H no CSOHM T.HrOTaM aaTMHAa 3HMY 1607;08 ro~a. OceHb 1708 ro~a 6hiAa OTMe'IeHa pe3KHMH KOIITpacraMH. lllesaAhe ~e KeHcH, HanpHMep, nHcaA: «/l,o ~H.H Cs. ~pe.H (30 HO.H6p.H) crO.H.I\ S Te'IeHHe He~eAH :>KYTKHH XO.I\0~, a 3aTeM TaK nOTenAeAO, 'ITO HaM noKa3aAOCh, 'ITO 3HMa npoli1Aa»88. CH.hhHOe noxoAO~aHHe npoH30li1.1\0 s HO'Ih c 5 Ha 6 .HHsap.H 1709 ro~a, s ~eHb Eoro.HBAeHIDI. B fi<WH:>Ke ~0 KOHUa MeC.HUa y ~ep:>KHSaeTC.H TeMnepaTYPa, 6AH3Ka.H K 20 HH:>Ke HY.I\.H. M~aM EAHaaseTa-lllapAOTTa 3anHmeT 2 cpespaA.H: «TO.hhKO B O~HOM IIapH:>Ke YMepAo 24 000 'IeAOSeK c 5 .HHsap.H no cen ~eHb» 87 • «K~biH ~eHb rosop.HT 0 .I\JO~.HX, KOTOpbiX y6HA XO.I\0~; S noAe Haxo~.HT MepTBbiX KyponaToK, oKo'IeHesmHx OT xoAo~a>>. MapKH3 ~e ,li;aH:>KO, 06hNHO TaKOH C~ep:>KaHHbiH S CSOHX Sblpa:>KeHIDIX, 3aDHCbWaeT: «y:>~<:aCHbiH XO.I\0~», «:>KYTKHH XO.I\0~» H, HaKOHeU, «qy~osHmHhm xoAo~». ,ll;sop crp~aeT OT xoAo~a 6o.hhme, 'IeM ITapH:>~<:, nocKO.hhKY Bepca.hh Heso3MO:>KHO HarpeTb. CeH-CHMOH coo6maeT, 'ITO sHHo aaMepaaeT, CTOHT .1\Hllib npoiiTH qepe3 npHXo:>~<:yxo. B ropo~e 6o.hhme He ~yr cneKTaKAH, He opraHH3YJOTC.H HHKaKHe Hrpbx; .1\aBKH aaKphma.IOTc.H, ~a:>~<:e napAaMeHT He aace~aeT 6o.hhme. Ha ~epeseHb c TPY~OM ~oxo~.HT ne'Ia.hhHhie HosoCTH, TaK KaK ~oporH Haxo~.HTC.H s :>KaAKOM cocro.HHHH. He see npOBHHUHH Haxo~.HTC.H s o~HHaKOBOM noAo:>~<:eHHH: EpeTaHb emc yueAeAa, Ho .AH:>~<:y ~~aA OT XO.I\O~a TaK, 'ITO y ~OMalliHHX IITHU OTSa.I\HBa.I\HCb rpe6HH2 . floSCIO~y MO:>KHO S~eTb .1\0DHYSWHe CTBO.hhl ~epeBbeB (Ha YOre 0.1\HSKQBbie ~epesb.H He 6y~yr 0.1\0~0HOCHTb B Te'IeHHe MHOrnX .1\eT), SHHQrp~HHKH ShiMep3AH, nospe:>~<:~eHhi cFPYKTOSbie ~epesh.H. Mopoa HapymHA .1\0~0'IHbiH npOMbiCe.l\ H 3a6AOKHpOSa.l\ see SO~.HHbie Me.hhHHUbi. Y CTO.H.I\H TO.hhKO 03HMbie; BTOpH'IHa.H SOAHa XO.I\O~a y6beT HX. ,ll;o 24 .HHsap.H XAe6a 6bl.I\H npe~oxpmeHhi OT xoAo~a CHeroM. Ho s noCAe~HIOIO He~e.l\10 .HHsap.H on.HTh HacrynaeT o6MaH'IHBOe noren-

HCITAHCKOEHACAEACTBO

629

AeHHe, 3a KOTOpbiM eAe~yer y:>KaeHbxH XOJ\.0~, Hacrymmmuii 31 mmap.s~; 15 cpespaA.si OIUITb OTII)'CTIIAO, 3aTeM HOBOe HaC'I)'IIJ\.eHHe 3HMbl, HaKOHeU, OKOH'IaTeJ\.bHOe nOTeiiJ\.eHHe Hacrymv..o 15 MapTa210• f1oKpb1Ta.ll Ae~OH KOpKOH, 3aMypOBaHHa.si B nO"lBe, npOMep3meii Ha Merp r Ay6HHoii, nmeHHua 6~:.IAa aary6AeHa. <l>paHUY3b1 llOBTOp.liiOT, "'TO He O~HH OHH 6biAH nO~BeprHYTJ:.I 9ToMY HellhiTa.HHIO: noAo:>KeHHe, rosop.siT, <<TaKoe :>Ke no seex eoee~HHX 26 roey~apCTBax» , s "laCTHoCTH, s roil :>Ke foAA~HH, H3-3a KOTopoii npo~oA:>Ka.Aae~:. soiiHa. <l>paHUyaaM eCTb "'TT eCTb, H e~.siT OHH no"'TH ~oe~:.rra. HAH, eKopee, y HHX 6MAO 6bl ~ocraTO"lHO e~bl, HeeMarp.s~ Ha noepe~CTBeHHbrn ypo:>Kaii 1708 ro~a, eC.AH 61:.1 K~~>rn eoxpaHH.A eBOH He60J\.blliOH 3anae H eCJ\.H 6bl BA~eAbUbl eaMbiX 6oraThiX npo~OBOJ\.bCTBeHHbiX eKA~os npo.siBHAH MY~POCTb H no"'TH repoH3M H npo~asa.AH ypo:>KaH TOJ\.bKO no HOpMa.AbHOH ueHe ynoAHOMO"leHHbiM KOpONI, apMeHeKHM llOCTaBilJ,HKaM HJ\.H 6.AarOTBOpHTe.AbHbiM opraHH3auwiM. Be~b llOBblllieHHe - 9TO 6eeKOHe"lHa.ll enHpa.Ab: B OHeeee O~HO eeThe {Mepa :>KH,l(KOCTeH H ebmy'!HX TeA. - llpu.Me"l. nepee.) nmeHHUbi s eeHT.s~6pe 1709 ro~a croHAo s soeeMb paa ~opo:>Ke, "leM B Map-re 1708 ro~a. Bee HeeYT aa 9TO OTBerCTBeHHOCTb - KpynHbie, epe~HHe H MeAKHe ToproBUbi, HHTe~aHThi, 3aHHMa.IOIIJ.Hee.s~ npo~o BOJ\.bCTBHeM ~ apMIDi, ropo~eKHe eoseTHHKH, aa60TmuHee.s~ o npo~oBOJ\.bCTBHH ~NI ropo~a. CneKyNIUH.ll npH"'HH.lleT 6o.Abme 3Aa, "leM TPH BOJ\.Hbi xoAo~a. Tor~a, B anpeAe- eeHT.s~6pe, npoKaTHAHeb snoAHe o6'hHeHHMbie «SO.AHeHHH» H rpa6e:>KH no seeMY KopoAeBCTBy. B anpeAe rpa6.siT «aepHo HHTe~aHTOB H B Eop~o, H s Bose... H B Ho:>KaH-ciOp-CeH, B 97 OpAeaHe H B ~pyrHX Mecrax, He HeKAIO"la.si I1apH:>Ka» • B Ha"la.Ae Ma.si «SOJ\.HeHHH», «e6opmua», «6eenop.ll,l(KH» yqaCTHAHeb BO BeeM KOpoAeBCTBe. 4-ro eOTIUI J\.O~O"'HHKOS H3 fpeHYiiep, BOOpY:>KeHHa.si eo6CTBeHHbiMH 6arpaMH, Hana.Aa Ha pbiHOK s CeH-)KepMeH-~e-Ilpe, XOTH OH oxpaHH.AeH cppaHuyaeKHMH rsap~eiiuaMH97 . Ho, KaK rosopHT noCAOBHUa, «He see TO n~aer, "'TO maTaeTC.si»; eCAH He TaK, TO «nHlliH 397 npona.Ao!» . PenpeeeHHMH He H36asHThCH OT TaKoro KpHaHea. Kopo.Ab 9TO 3Haer H, HayqHBWHCb Ha npe~bi~)'IUeM KpH3Hee 1693 ro~a, HellOJ\.b3YeT see B03MO:>KHbie epe~CTBa, "'TT6bi llOMO"lb eBOHM no~~aH HbiM. Orap~:.rn Kopo.Ab ~ep:>KHT KpenKo s esoHX pfKax nrrypsa.A, H s 9TOM ero 6oMma.s~ aaeAyra. «O"leHb AerKo PYKOBO~HTh KopoAeBCTBOM H3 esoero Ka6HHera, OnHpa.sieb Ha 3anHeH-no~eKa3KH; HO HeAerKO npOTHBOCTO.liTh noAOBHHe Espollbi, npOHrpaB IUlTb KpynHI>IX epa:>KeHHH H nepe:>KHB crpamHyiO 3HMf 1709 ro~a» 112 • KaK H B 1693 ro~y, Alo~OBHK XIV OT~aer npHKaa HHTe~aHTaM, "'T06bi nposHHUHH, KoTop~:.Ie He O"leHb eHJ\.bHO nocrp~a.AH, noebiJ\.aAH aepHO TeM, KTO HaXO~HTeH B eaMOM OT"la.siHHOM noAo:>KeHHH. Beer~a npe~npHHHMaAHeL MepLI npOTHB eneKyNIHTOs Ha"'HHa.si e 1694 ro~a97 , Tenep~:. OHH y:>KeCTO"lHAHeb. ,l(aH:>KO 3anHebmaer 28 anpeNI: «TOMKO "'TO H3~aH fKa3 KOpONI, Ha KOTOpbrn B03J\.araiOT H~e~y, "'TT OH nOMO:>KeT XOT.ll 61.1

630

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636

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640

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642

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HHH Ma.Ab'IHK, CKAOHHACH nepe~ Ero BeMNeCTBoM H H3HIUHO npHBeTCTBOBaA KopoNI. 3a-reM Aro~oBHK XIV npHKa3aA np~BopHhiM y ~a AHThCH H OCl'aAC.!I «B Ka6HHeTe C ~aMaMH H Ma.AbllUOM; KOpOAK> npHHeCAH KpecAO, KOTOpoe UOCl'aBHAH B HOrax MapwaAa, 'lT06hi KOpOAb MOf CMOTpeTh eMY np.!IMO B AHUO, KOpOAb nonpocHA UOCTaBHTh IUHp97 MY TaK, 'lTo6r:,r CBeT He MewaA BHAAapy» • Pa3rosop 6hiA O'leHh ~oA rnM, KaK 3asep.!IeT Cypw, OKOAO ~Byx 'laCOB; TO )J(e CaMOe 3an.HCaHO H B ~HeBHHKe ,l(aH)J(O. «Tio seen B~HMOCTH, BO BpeMH Enon BCTPe'lH 97 6hiAO o6c~eHo MHoro pa3HhiX ~eA» • P aHeHhrH BhiCKa3aA )J(e.l\aHHe «OTnpaBHThCH BHOBh a noxo~ Becnon». On HBHO ToponHACH co CBOHM Bhi3~0pOBAeHHeM, TaK KaK 23 anpeNI 1710 ro~a, npHCYTCTBYH Ha 97 Y)J(HHe KopoNI, eMY eme npHIUAOCh onHpaThCH «Ha KOCThiAH» • TaKoe oTHoweHHe ~eAaeT qeCTh H xo3HHHy, H ero CAyre. KaK A» ~OBHK XIV, KOToporo npHpo~a, KaK rosopHA BoAhTep, H~eAHAa BeAHKO~yruHeM, MOr He n o m KOMaH~ytOIUero apMHeH, KOTOpOMy ~a)J(e Bparn sr:,~eHhi 6r:,IAH B03HOCHTh xsaAy? KopoAh Mor H ~OA)J(eH 6r:,IA nepe"<~HTaTh HeCKOAhKO pa3 sropytO peNIUHIO H3 Ma.AbnAaKe, ~aTHpOBaHH)'IO 13 CeHTH6pH, HanHCaHH)'IO B 6AarOpO~HOM CTHAe MapwaAoM EycpcpAepoM: «Bame BeAH'lecTBo, CHp, y3Hae-re, sepoHTHo, H3 Moero ~oHeceHHH OT 11-ro noro MecHua, HanHCaHHOro B 10 qacos seqepa, o Hey~a'IHOM HCXO~e Cpa)J(eHH.!I Ha3BaHHOrO ~H.!I 11-ro; HO Hey~aqa 6r:,IAa CB.!I3aHa co CAasoii ~NI soncK H oppKHH Bamero BeAH'leCTBa, H H Mory sac 3aBepHTh, CHp, 'ITO na C.l\aBa 6ecKOHe'lHO sr:,rwe scero Toro, 'ITO H MOr 6r:,r BaM o Hen paccKa3aTh. Bame BeAH'leCTBo o6 noM Y3HaeT ~a)J(e H3 peN!UHH BparoB, KOTOphre He MOfYT He npeB03HOCHTh, He MOfYT He BOCXBaA.!ITh CMeAOCTh, ~06.1\eCTh, CTOHKOCTh H ynopCTBO BORCK Bamero BeMNeCTBa, Koropr:,re OHH oqem, CH.I\hHO OIUYTHAH Ha ce6e». feHepa.Abr coi03HH'leCKHX soncK 3anAaTHAH ~oporyro ueny 3a TO, 'IT06hl OCTaBHTb 3a C060H UOAe 60H, H 3TO 6hiAO HX e~HHCTBeH HhiM BhiHrphilUeM UOCAe I<pOBOnpOAHTHOfO ~HR. 0HH UOHHAH, 'ITO Ma.AbnAaKe 3TO He npocraH 6HTBa, aTo nosopoT a soiiHe. «HaKoHeu, CHp, - npo~OA)J(aeT EycpcpAep, - uenh Hec'laCTHn, npeCAe~osasmHx Ha npoTH)J(eHHH HeCKOAhKHX AeT apMHH Bamero BeAH'leCTBa, TaK npHHH3HAH cppaHUY3CK)'IO HauHIO, 'ITO Mhi UO'ITH He OCMeAHBaAHCh npH3HaThC.!I B npHH~.I\e)J(HOCTH K Hen; .!1 OCMeAK>Ch 3aBepHTI>, CHp, 'ITO cAoso «cppaHUY3» HHKOr~a He 6hiAO TaK no'leTHo H HHKOr~a He Bhi3hffiaAO TaKOrO CTPaxa, KaK Tenepr:,, BO seen apMHH coi03HHKOB. Ma.Ab6opo H npHHU EsreHHH sr:,rny~eHhi npH3HaTh, 'ITO HX nOTepH y6HThiMH H paHeHhiMH, a TaK)J(e 'IHCAO nAeHHhiX H npOUaBlUHX 6e3 BeCTH npeBhilUaAH BO MHOfO pa3 nOTepH H 'IHCAO nAeHHhiX H nponaBlUHX 6e3 BeCTH cppaHUy3CKOH apMHH. «0HH C BOCXHIUeHHeM paCCKa3hmaiOT 0 TOM, KaK Mhl KpaCHBO OTCTynaAH H C KaKHM ~OCTOHHCTBOM Mhi aTo ~e.l\aAH. OHH roaopHT, 'ITO a non aKUHH OHH 97 Y3HaAH npe)J(HHX cppaHUy3oa» • AHrAHHCKHe ocpHuepr:,r yxo~HT, npoH3HOc.a TaKHe CAOBa: «<l>paHUY3hl OU.!ITh CTaAH xpa6phiMH, H Mhl CHOBa ~PY3h.ll».

648

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Mapw:u .l{e EycpcpAep npo.l{OA)l(aA .l{aAee: «Bee TO, 'ITO H HMeiO 'ieCTb cKa3aTb BaweMY BeAH'ieCTBy, 3aKAIO'iaeTcH s CAe.l{yroweM: y)l(e .l{aBHO apMHj{ He noKpbmaAa ce6j{ 6oAhweii CAaBOH H He 3aCAy)l(HSaAa 6oAhwero ysa)l(eHHH csoero MOHapxa H sparos». BHAAapy )l(e 6y.l{eT npe.l{ocrasAeHo noCAe.l{Hee cAoso, Koropoe OKOH'iaTeAhHO Shr<iepKHeT MaAbnAaKe H3 cnHcKa cppaHII;y3cKHX nopa)l(eHHH H nOCTaBHT 3TOT ,l{eHh S pa3pM CaMhiX y ,l{a'-!HhiX: «.ECAH focnO,l{h HaM OKa)l(eT MHAOCTb npOHrpaTh ewe O.l{HY TaK}'IO 6HTsy, Bawe BeAH'ieCTBo MO)l(eT C'iHTaTh, 'ITO sparH Bawero BeAH'ieCTBa 295 YHH'ITO)l(eHhi» • KopoAb 9TO npeKpacHo noHj{A, KaK TOAhKO noAyqHA 14 ceHTH6pH «naTeTH'iecKoe H TPoraTeAbHOe» nHCbMO BHAAapa, Ho j{CHee OH nOHj{A ary CHryaUHIO 17 CeHTH6pH, KOr,l{a co6paACSI H,l{TH Ha Meccy H ysH,l{eA s csoeii cnaAhHe s Bepc:ue 33 3HaMeHH H WT~ap Ta, KOTapbie eMY .l{OCTaBHA MapKH3 .l{e HaH)l(H. TaK KaK Ha 9TOT pa3 HeAb3SI 6biAO 3aKa3aTb 60AbWOH MOAe6eH, Ha'iHHaBWHHCSI 06bNHO cAosaMH «CAaBa Te6e, focno.l{H!», Alo.l{aBHK XIV nopyqaeT MHHHCTPY ByaJesy SbiCTaBHTh, sepHee npHKpenHTh Ha CTeHax, see 9TH TPOcpeiiHhie 3HaMeHa H ~apThi s co6ope IIapH)l(CKOH EoroMaTepH.

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650

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TeAb, KOTOpbm Bcer~a KapaA TOro, KTO 3aCTaBNIJ\ 9TO ~eAaTh, H IlOt{TH BCer~a IIO~Bepra.A IIpHMepHbiM HaKa3aHIDIM»94 • Aro60ilbiTHOe TOAKOBaHHe, HaMeKa.IOlll,ee Ha 3IIH30~ C uapeM ~aB~OM401 , HaKa3aHHbiM 3a TO, 'ITO OH opraHH30Ba.A yqeT. TeoAor Mor 6bi npoTHBonocrasHTh II0~06HOM)' IIpHMepy «3~HKT I(e3apa Asrycra... KOTOpbiH 6biA H3~aH B TO speMa, Kor~a ry6epHaTopoM CHpHH 6biA KBHpHHHii»; 402 H3 3TOH nepenHcH JlBCTBOBa.Ao, 'ITO HHcyc XpHcroc po~HACJl He B Ha3apeTe, a B BmpAeeMe, corAacHo npopoqeCTBy. B oco6eHHOCTH eCAH scnoMHHTb o co6hiTIDlx, KOTOpbiMH 03HaMeHOBa.Aca KOHeU craporo pe)J(HMa - pe)J(HMa, 3ary6AeHHOrO TeMH, KOMY MOHapxHa ~a.Aa CTOAhKO npHBHAernH:, - 6ecco3HaTeAbHOCTb CeH-CHMOHa nOKa)J(eTca npocro noCTb~HOH. 9TOT qeAoBeK, Ta.AaHTAHBhiH, BhiCOKOIIOCTaBAeHHhiH, KOTOpbiH ~OA)J(eH 6biA 6hi xoporno see noHHMaTb, po)J(~eHHhm JlBHO ~AJl Toro, 'IT06hi CAy)J(HTh co seeM 6AeCKOM, H B~pyr IIOK~aeT apMHIO B CaMOM Haqa.Ae HaH)J(eCTOqaHWeH H3 BOHH. B TO speMa KaK np~sopnbxe ero noKoAeHIDl pHCKJIOT )J(H3Hbl0 WeCTb MecaueB B ro~y B TeqeHHe BOCbMH AeT, HaxO~JlCb Ha nepe~OBOH AHHHH, 3alli,Hlll,aJ1 Kpenocrn, TeppHTOpHH, 3axBaqeHHbie sparoM, 9TOT repuor )J(HBeT B Bepca.Ae H 3aHHMaeTca TeM, qro KpHTHKYeT ero nopoKH H 6ecnoAe3HOCTb. H Kor~a, co~apH3yacb co CBOHMH IIO~~aHHbiMH, KOpOAb npH3bmaeT Hapo~ IIO~IDITbCJl IIpOTHB spara B e~HHOM nophxse H npOJlBHTh o6mee, HauHOHaAbHOe ycHAHe, repuor np~HpaeTCJl K MeAOt{aM, KOr~a peqh ~eT 0 B03pO~eHHH CTPaHhi. l1MeHHO TaKHe AIO~H, KaK <l>eueAoH, EyAeHBHAhe, CeHCHMOH, socnesa.IOmHe HH)'lO cpopMy MonapXHH H KOTOpbxe 6oAhwe pOAAHCTbi, qeM CaM KOpOAb, H nory6J1T MOHapXHIO. Aro~OBHK XIV He MHoro rosopHT, HO Qna.Aa, B KOTopoH: OH ~ep )J(HT <l>eHeAOHa, H Be)J(AHBOe npe3peHHe, KOTOpoe OH ~eMOHCTPHpyeT K Ceu-CHMouy, rosopwr o ero rAy6oKOH npoHHUaTeAbHOCTH. CeHCHMOH, B3hmaa K noTOMCTBy, xOTeA npe~crasHTb KopoAJl-COAHUe KaK pa3pywHTeAJ1 npe)J(Hero nopMKa, KaK OThJlBAeHHoro spara ~so pJlHCTBa. Ka)J(~hiH 3Tan ero npasAeHHJl, KaiiHTauiDI, cMeAoe BBe~eHHe ~eCJlTHHhi, Hanporns, YKa3hmaeT Ha To, 'ITO Aro~oBHK XIV 6biA xpaHHTeAeM onpe~eAeHHoro nopMKa. OH ero coxpaiUieT nyTeM pecpopM, paccqHTaHHhix Ha ~AHTeAhHbm cpoK, nparMaTH'IHhiX pecpopM. Ero Ha.Aorosaa pecpopMa, npose~eHHaa a ~sa 9Tana (1695 H 1710 rr.), onpas~aHHaa so speMa BOHHhl, npHeMAeMaa H npHHJlTaJl caMbiMH 6e~HbiMH cppaHuy3aMH, YMeHhrna.Aa npHBHAerHH, no H He CAHWKOM paHHAa npHBHAerHpoBaHHhiX. EcAH 6bi Eyp6oHhi nocrynHAH TaK )J(e cMeAo H YMHO a seK ITpocsemeHHa, paase CAyqHAacb 6ht pesoAIOUHJl B 1789 ro~y?

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656

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ro~a». B TO speM.n KaK 3AOC'IaCTHbiH rpa¢ ll!TapeM6epr 6e:lKaA s HanpaBAeHim K KaTaAOHHH, repuor BaH~OMCKHH ~ormchmaA cso10 peA.nUHIO 0 Cpa:lKeHHH 20-ro. «HHKOr~a He 6biAO, - TIHllieT OH, - ~A.n apMnii KopoA.n 6oAee y~aqHoro cpa:lKeHH.n, qeM cpa:lKeHHe npu BHAh· .nBHChOCe, KOTOpoe npHHeCAO llOAH)'IO no6e~y; 3Ta orpOMHa1t apMHH, KOTOpa.n ,l(OlliAa ~o M~p~a H C03~aBaAa yrpo3y OKKynauuu ~A.n sceii HcnaHHH, Teneph pa36HTa noAHOCThiO noCAe .l(Byx 6oeshiX onepaunii»97. Hu Epuyara, HH BHAh.nBHChoca He 3aCAy:lKHBaiOT Toro, 'ITo6hi 3TH cpa:lKeHH.n H3Y'iaAHCh B BOeHHhlX WKOAax, TaKTH'IeCKOe pa3BHTHe 3THX onepauHH 6hiAO ,l(OBOAhHO 6aHaAhHhiM, HO ~BOHHa1t no6e~a 3acrasnAa apurepuora norep.nTh noCAe~HHH waHc eraTh KapAOM III HcnaHCKHM. 8TH no6e~hi 3aKpennAH npeCTH:lK ynopHoro u ~o6AeCTHoro Cl>HAHnna V, YKPeTIHAH HacrynaTeAhHoe ncKyccrso H «y~aqAHBOCTh» repuora Ba~oMcKoro. TioCAe~crsu.n 3THX no6e.l( 6hiAH orpOMHhi. «Cpa:lKeHne npu BnAh.nBHChoce, - nuweT MapKH3 ~e Topcu, - MeHHAo noAHOCThiOJ>a3BHTHe co6hiTHii s HcnaHHH H cooTBeTcrseHHo so sceii Espone» 1 • 9TH no6e~hi ~ocraBHAH «qpe3BhNaHHoe y~oBOAhCTBHe KopoAIO H MoHceHbopy», «a repuor Eyp~cKHii npo.naHA 6Aaropo~crso, 3a6hiA o HaHeceHHhiX eMY o6~ax H pacxsaAHBaA repuora B~oMcKoro». B socKpeceHhe, 29-ro, Ero BeAH'Iecrso 3aKa3aA TOp:lKeCTBeHHhiH MOAe6eH B BepcaAe, Ha KOTOpOM OH npHCJTCTBOBaA BO speWI MeCCh~. B Aarepe npOTHBHHKa Hey~aqa CAe.l(yeT 3a Hey.l(aqei:f. 25 HHBap.n 1711 ro~a repuor ~e Hoaii 6epeT )KepoHJ (ropo~, Korophm s 1694 ro~y J)Ke o~H~hi 6paA ero OTeu, MapwaA) . B anpeAe JMep HMnepaTop HocH<P I. 8purepuor KapA 6hiA ero HaCAe~.HHKoM; oH 6y~eT H36paH HMnepaTopoM B OKTH6pe 3Toro ro~a. 8To co6biTHe s coe~ HeHim C nopa:lKeHIDIMH p~HKaAhHO H3MeHHT CHTJauHIO fa6c6yprOB Ha H6epHiicKoM noAyocrpose. HacKOAhKO EBpona- 3a HCKAIO'IeHHeM <l>paHUHH - paHbwe npHHHMaAa ~eiO 0 ~BOHHOH MOHapXHH (BeHa ~A.n o~Horo fa6c6ypra, M~p~ ~A.n .l(pyroro, KaK so speMeHa KapAa II), HaCTOAhKO ~sopbx renepb c 6ecnoKOHCTBOM B3HpaAH Ha TO, 'ITO orpoMHa.n MoHapXHH KapAa V MO:lKeT ~ocraThCH apurepuory KapAy, craaweMY KapAOM VI. Tio~o6Hoe onaceHHe 6AaronpH.nTHo CKa:lKeTCH Ha neperosopax Me:lK~Y KOpoAesoii Amioii AHrAHiicKoii H Aro~oBHKOM XIV. 8TH neperosophi He 6hiAH Ha.MH HaqaThi s TOT MOMeHT, Kor~a Mhi 6hiAH CAa6hi. HawH ycneXH Ha Mope 3aKpenA.nAH Hawy no6e~y H~ rpa¢oM CTeiiHxonoM.

EHTBA 3A ATAAHTIIKY

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658

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CKHX Kopa6Aen c 1705 ro~a, nOAJ"'HA ~sopiiHcrBO sa OKaaa.HHbre yCAyrn, Ha ero cq ery ~e 6hiAO 16 soeHHhiX H 6oAee 300 ToproBbiX 3axsa274 'IeHHbiX Kopa6Aen! B 1703 ro~y oH ocymecrBNLI\ csoH Han~eHIDI ~aJKe Heno~aAeKy OT I.IIrnm6epreHa. OH HeyAoBHM H HaHOCHT BHe3anHbie y~apbi no KHTo6oH:HbiM, pbr6oAOBeUKHM H ToproBbiM cy~aM, q:,peraTaM H Kopa6MIM, no OT~eAbHbiM cy~aM HAH no ueAhiM <PAOTHAWIM, KOTOpbxe conposo)l(,l(a.IOT soeHHhre 3CKOpTbi. OceHbro 1707 ro~a OH 3axBaTHA 60Ablll)'lO aHrAHHCKytO <l?AOTHAHJO, KOTOpaJI Be3Aa B Ilopryra.AHIO no~KpenAeHHe 3purepuory KapAy; HTaK, OH 3aKpeiiHA Ha Mope ycnex repuora EepsHKa npH AAhMaHce. IllesaAbe ~e ll>op6eH, crasunrii KOM~YJOIUHM 3CK~pon a 1707 ro~y, He YTPaTHA Hacryna-reAbHoro ~yxa Tex speMeH, Kor~a ~eHcrBOBaA cosMeCTHo c )KaHoM EapoM, oH YMHO)KaeT csoH 3axsaTbi OT AApHaTH'IecKoro (1701 - 1702) ~o EeAoro MOpeR (1707). B o6AaCTH TOproBOH BOHHhi, KOTopyro aHrAH'IaHe pa3BHBa.IOT CO CBOeH cropOHbi, XOTJJ H npH3Ha.IOT ee llOAynHpaTCKOH, Mbl C 1701 ro~a BeAH ee, cy~JJ no KOAH'IecrBY npH30B, no KpaH:Hen Mepe, Ha pasHbiX c KOaAHUHeH. BTopon THn MopcKon soHHhi, a KoTopon KocseHHO paabrrpbmaeTcJJ cy~h6a Eyp6oHOB McnaHHH, ocymecrBAJJeTCJJ qepe~yroiUHMHCJJ onepaUHJJMH BOIOIOIUHX CTOpOH Ha BCeM npOTJJ)KeHHH OT fy~30HOBa 3aAHBa t{O peKH KaneHHbi. AHrAOCaKCOHCKHe HCTOpHKH npHnHCbiBaiOT no6et{y aHrAH'IaHaM, onHpaJich Ha noAO)KeHHJJ YTPeXTcKoro MHpa (Hbroc:paYHt{AeHt{, AK~HJJ, CeHT-KpHcro<Pep CTaHYT aHrAHHCKHMH BA~eHHJJMH) . Ho OHH 3a6hma.IOT o6 aHrAHHCKOH onepauHH, HanpasAeHHon npOTHB Kse6eKa ( 1711) H OKOH'iHBWeHCJJ Hey~aqeif, H 0 Han~eHHJJX HawHx MOpRKOB H Kopcapos, onycrowaswHx aHrAHHCKHe AHTHAbCKHe OCTPOBa. A AeMYaH ~'M6epsHAAb a 1706 rot{y npH'IHHHA 6oAbwOH ymep6 Hesacy H CeHT-KpHcroq:,epy. A )KaK Kaccap H3 HaHTa, npocron Kopcap, t{orosapHBaeTcJJ c Arot{OBHKOM XIV o KoM~OBaHHH 3CK~poH B 6 Kopa6AeH, KOTOpOH nopyqaeTC.!l CeJJTb CM.!lTeHHe B aHrAHHCKHX, nop~aAbCKHX H H~epA~CKHX KOAOHHJJX. Kaccap, cosepwHBWHH 6oAhWOe KOAH'IecrBo onycrowaroruHx pe~os Ha OCTPOBa 3eAeHoro Mbxca, AHTHrya, MoHTceppaT, CHHT8cra™Yc, CypHHaM, Kropacao H ocymecrBHBWHH «Ot{HY H3 CaMbiX 274 He06bNHbiX KaMllaHHH, nposet{eHHytO <l?paHUY3CKOH 3CK~pOH» , npHse3 6oAhwe 30 MHAAHOHOB. YsAeKWHHCJJ Kaccap, KOToporo Arot{OBHK XIV ct{eAaA KanHTaHOM nepsoro paHra a HOJJ6pe 1712 ro~a, npo~OA)KaeT aTaKOBaTb H rpa6HTb Bp~eCKHe KOAOHHH H noCAe <PPaHKO-aHrAHHCKOro nepeMHpHR, H noCAe YTPeXTcKoro MHpa; OH paCC'IHTbiBaeT Ha TO, 'ITO ero H3BHHHT ~aAbHee paCCTOJIHHe! B oco6yro 3aCAyry <PPaHUy3CKHM MOpRKaM CTaBHTC.!l 3HaMeHHTaJI 3Kcnet{HUHJJ a PHo-~e-)KaHenpo ( 1711). 0Ha 3aKpenHAa CAasy .l(roreTpy3Ha, Koropbm 3~YMaA H ocymecrBHA 3TOT cMeAhm nAaH, Ho ocymecrBAeHHe ero 6hiAO HeB03MO)KHO 6e3 corAaCHJJ KopoAR, ropRqeif nOt{t{ep)KKH rpa<Pa TyAy3cKoro, ~MHpaAa ll>paHUHH, H 6e3 6pro3rAHBoro, HO Heo6xOt{HMoro COTPY~HH'IecrBa c MHHHCTPOM IloHwapTPeHOM. Ilpe~AOr ~AJJ 3Kcnet{HUHH 6biA 6biCTPO H~eH:

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y6Hikrno nopT)TaAbUaMH B PHo KamrraHa BToporo paHra )KaHa <l>paHcya ,li;IOKAepKa. Kopcap H3 CeH-MaAo BbiHaiiiHBaA EITOT 3aMbiceA c 1706 ro,na: H3-3a HeB03MO)KHOCTH nepeXBaTHTh s oKeaHe cpAoTHAHIO, KOToprut paa s ro,n cosepiiiaeT nepeso3 s AHcca6oH .nparoueHHhiX MeTaAAOB H3 EpaaHAHH (Epa3H.l\HJI C'lliTaeTCJt nopT)TaAbCKOR KOAOHHeH, HO nocAe MeTJEIHCKOro ,norosopa 1703 ro,na llopT)TaAIDI CaMa nOXO)Ka Ha aHrAHHCKJIO KOAOHHIO), ,ll;10re XO"'eT 3axBaTHTb ,nparoueHH)'IO cpAOTHAHIO npRMO s PHo s MOMeHT ee BhiXO.zta H3 nopTa. Pet.~h H.zteT o TOM, "'T06bt so3o6HOBHTh no,nsHr, ocymecTBAeHHbm s 1697 ro.ny Tiy:~HTHCOM H ,lVoKaccoM s Becr-11H,ztcKOH KapTaxeHe. Kopcap H3 CeH-MaAo, ,zta)Ke eCAH ero noMepJKHBaiOT see ero KOMnaTPHOTbi, He MO)KeT o,nHH ocymeCTBHTh onepauHIO TaKoro MaciiiTa6a. ,lVore ,ltOA)KeH no3a60THTbCJI o6 )'CTaHOBKe CMeiiiaHHOrO CHapR)KeHIDI, KOToprut npaKTHKyeTcR c 1674 ro,na, H OH )Ke no corAaiiieHHIO, no,nnHCaHHOMJ o6eHMH cropoHaMH, 3a ct.~eT Ero BeAH"'eCTBa o6ecne"'HBaeT npe,nnpHHM"'HBbiX «C)',ltOBAa,lteAbUeB» KOpOAeBCKHMH KOpa6NrMH C JKpenAeHHOH no,ztBO,ltHOH "'aCTbiO, xopoiiiO CHa6)KeHHhiMH npo,noBOAbCTBHeM H BOOp~eHHeM, Onhl'I'HbiM KOMaH,ltOBaHHeM H 3KHna)KeM, opy)KlfeM, opy.ztiDIMH H 6oenpHnacaMH. KopoAh OCTaBAJ!eT 3a co6oii c 1694 ro,na TOAbKO nRTJIO "'aCTb CTOHMOCTH ,zt06bNH. B 1709 ro,ny OH ,zta)Ke OTKa3aACJI OT csoeii ,noAH. Cpe,nH aKUHOHepos o6rn;eCTBa cy,noBAa,zteAbUeB cpmypHpJIOT BCKOpe He TOAbKO HeroUHaHTbl CeH-MaAO (t);a.HHKaH, AaAaH.zt-MaroH), HO H rpacp TyA)'3CKHR. 8TOT npHHU ycrpaHHT CAO)KHOCTH, B03HHKIIIHe B OTHOIIIeHIDIX Me)K.lty ,lVore-Tp)'3HOM H )KepoMoM ,ne TioHIIIapTPeHoM. l13-3a TPY.ztHoro MaTepHaAbHoro noAo)KeHIDI H H3-3a OTHOCHTe/\bHOH 6e,ztHOCTH apceHaAOB no,nrOTOBKa He 3aHHMaeT MHoro speMeHH. Ha npoeKTe cHapJI)KeHIDI .ztAR EITOH onepaUHH CTOHT ,naTa 30 ,neKa6pR 1710 ro,na (t.~epe3 HecKOAhKO .ztHeH noCAe cpa)KeHIDI npH BHAhJmHCboce), a 19 MapTa 1711 ro,na AIO,noBHK XIV H rocy,napCTBeHHhm ceKpeTapb soeHHo-MopcKoro cpAOTa crasRT cso10 no,nnHcb no,n ,norosopoM: yCAOBIDI, npe,nocrasAJ!eMbte KopoAeM rocno.ltHH)' ,LVore-TppHJ, KanHT~ nepsoro pama, H ero cy,noBAa,zteAbUaM 277 ,ltAJI CHapJI)KeHIDI KOpa6AeH, 3aHHMaiOII.J;HXCJI KanepCTBOM • Y CAOBIDI ,noBOAbHO AH6epaAbHbie. KopoAb npe,nocrasAReT 60AbiiiJIO CJMMY .neHer, CHa6)KaeT 3KHna)KaMH (6000 MOpm<oB, 500 COA,ltaT), OcpHUepaMH H Kopa6NrMH (7 Kopa6Aeii, 4 cpperan, 1 KOpBeT, 2 raAHOTa c 6oM6aMH, 1 TPaHCnopT), OTKa3biBaeTcJI OT csoeii ,noAH, 3acrasAJ~J~ TOAbKO B3J!Tb B 3CKa.ztp)' Ha3Ha"'eHHOro HM KOMHCCapa ("1T06hi Ha6AIO,ztaTb 3a EITHMH KOpcapaMH CeH-MaAo, CHAbHO B036)')Kl).a.IOlll,HMHCJI npH 3aXBaTe .zt06bNH). ,lJ;eBJITOrO HIOHJI 1711 ro,na MaAeHhKHH cpAOT ,ll;10re-Tpy:~Ha nOKH,naeT Aa-PoiiieAb. 12 ceHTR6pR oH noJmAJ!eTCJI OKOAO PHo. AHrAH"'aHe He cMorAH ero nepeXBaTHTh no ,nopore K PHo; TeM 6oAee OHH He cMoryT 3TO C,zteAaTb npH ero B03Bparn;eHHH, Ha"'aTOM 13 HOH6pR H OKOH"'HBIIIHMCH s Epecre 6 cpespaAR 1712 ro,na. <l>paHU)'3hi noTonHAH 4 AHHeRHbiX KOpa6AJI, 2 cpperaTa, 60 TOprOBbiX C)'.ltOB. Ha o6paTHOM nyTH OHH nOTepHAH TOAbKO 2 KOpa6AJI, OTHeceHHbiX Tet.~eHHeM B pe-

660

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661 cpAH6yCTbepos, nOTOM ry6epaaTop Aio~osm<a XIV s Caa-,l(oMHHro, Toproseu sceso3MO:lKHhiM rosapoM H ~a:lKe «'lepHLIM ~epesoM» (aerpaMH), KanHTaa nepsoro paara s 47 AeT, KOM~Hp 9CK~pbr s 55 AeT, reHepaA-AeiheHaHT B 61 ro~, ~HpeKTOp fsHHeHCKOH KOMnaHHH, reaepaAbHbm KanHTaH KopoNI HcnaaHH, HaKoaeu, wesaAbe 30AOTOro pyaa, 9TOT OcpHuep, BbiXO~eU H3 6acKOB, pO~HBWHHC.ll B CeMbe MeAKHX HAM cpe~HHX 6yp:lKya, 6biA TeM 'leAOBeKOM, 'lb.ll :lKH3Hh B~OXHOBHAa nHCaTeAeH HanHCaTb MHOrO npHKAIO'leH'!eCKHX pOMaHOB. «0~HH H3 CaMbiX 6AeCT.lllUHX OcpHuepos BOeHHQ-MOpCKOrO cpAOTa Aio~oBHKa XIV»27\ oH ocraeTcH CaMhiM HeH3BeCTHhiM H3 KoropTbr «3HaMeHHTbiX cppaauy3oB». B 1702 ro~y OH no6e~HA npH CaaTa-MapTe 9CK~py Eea6oy, aarAHiicKoro ~MHpaAa. B 1703 ro~y, o6Maays aarAHiicKHe Kpeiicephl, OH npHB03HT H3 Becr-11HttcKOH KapTaxeHhi s Aa-PoweAb 300 000 nHacrpos - ~ap <l>HAHrma V csoeMY ~e~f6 • A s AMepm<y. oa OTB03HA HCnaHCKHX coMaT ~NI o6opom,r cpopTOB. B 1704 ro~y OH KOMa~yeT ~HBH3HeH npH BeAec-MaAare. 28 OKT.s~6p.s~ 1707 ro~a ,l(aH:lKO 3anHCaA: «H3 Epecra npoc.HT, 'lT06hi ,l(IOKacc noseA napycHHKH H3 AMepHKH H conposo~HA Hx s Hcnamno HAM <l>paHUHIO». A 1 ceHT.s~6p.~t 9TOro :lKe ro~a: «KopoAb Y3HaA so speMH uepeMOHHaAa YTPeHHero ryaAeTa OT MopcKoro ocpHuepa, KoTOpOMJ nepe~aA ~e Iloirre, 'ITO ,l(IOKacc 6biA B npoWAhm noae~eAh HHK B nopry Ilacaxec C MeKCHKaHCKHM cpAOTOM, Ha KOTOpOM HaXo~HAOCb OT 40 ~0 50 MHAAHOHOB cepe6pOM H Ha 10 MHAAHOHOB cppJKTOB, KOTOpbre AerKO C6biTb». H no cosery ,lJ;eMape peweHO 6biAO OTnpaBHTb 9TH MHAAHOHhi Ha MOHeTHbie ~BOpbl <l>paHUHH, 'lT06bi OT'!eKaHHTb 9KIO. 26 HIONI 1709 ro~a ,l(aa:lKo eme 3anHCaA: «,l(IOKacc c 7-10 BOeHHbiMH KOpafiAHMH, KOTOphle nocneWHO CHapJi:lKaiOT B Epecre, 6y~eT roros B Koaue 9TOro Mec.~tua conposo~aTh s AHMJ Hosoro BHUe-KopoNI Ilepy». 30 ~eKa6p.s~ 1710 ro~a: «,ll;IOKacc co6HpaeTc.s~ s Epecr, B KOTopoM TP" HAM 'leThrpe KopoAescKHX Kopa6NI ero :lK~JT· HeT coMHeHHR, '!TO oH noe~eT AHWb s KapTaxeHy, 'lT06hi npHseCTH OTry~a raAHOHhi». 1 HIOHR 1711 ro~a Aio~oBHK XIV ~eAaeT ,lJ.roKacca KOM~opoM op~eaa Cs.HToro Aio~oBHKa. B MapTe 1712 ro~a ,l(IOKacc npHBeA s AR-Kopym,10 HOBhm ~HBH3HOH raAHOHos: OH He JKPaA CBOe 30AOTOe pyao! Boiiaa 3a HcnaacKoe aaCAe~CTBo npHHHMaeT s 1712 ro~y o6opoT, 6AaronpHRTHhm ~NI Eyp6oaos, H s 9TOM HeMaAaR 3aCAyra ,l(IOKacca, npOHBHBWero 60AbwyiO AOBKOCTb B KapaBaHHOH BOHHe H BbiHrpaBWero ee. To :lKe HBAeHHe 6y~eT aa6AIO~aTbCR s XX seKe mutatis mutandis (MeHAA TO, 'ITO ~OA:lKHO 6hiTb H3MeHeHo). Kor~a npoH30WeA pewaiOLUHH nosopOT so BTopoii MHposoii soiiHe, 'ITO craAo Ha'laAOM no6e~bl COI03HHKOB? 31 HHBap.ll 1943 ro~a, ~eHh KanHTJA.liUHH cpeAb~MapwaAa IlayAIOca? HAM cKopee 9TH MeC.Iillbi OT MaR ~o asrycra Toro :lKe ro~a, KOr~a 6HTBa B ATAaHTHKe craAa cKA~bmaTbc.ll B ll0Ab3Y COI03HHKOB; KOr~a 100 llO~BO~HhiX AO~OK npOTHBHHKa 6biAH llOTOllAeHhi 3a 120 ~HeH; KOr~a B asrycre Te :lKe llO~BO~Hhie AO~KH npOTHBHHKa llOTOllHAH TOAbKO 96 000 TOHH rpy30B BMeCTO 1 000 000

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PA3fPOM IlOP-PORNI KopoAb He HaxOAHT no oTHoweHHIO K asryCTHHuaM npasHAbHOro crpaTerH'!eCKOrO H TaKTH'<IeCKOrO peweHHH. Ile'<laAhHM onepaUHH llOAHUHH, npOHCWe,AWM Ha 3ape 29 asrycra 1709 rotta, ,AOCTaTO'<IHO no npoHAAIOcrpHposaAa. B TO YTPO AeHTeHaHT noAHUHH tt'Ap)KaHcoH llO,AOWeA K BOpOTaM Ilop-PoHAh-,Ae-lliaH H nonpocHA HMeHeM K{r paM HX oTKpbiTb. OHH 6biAH eMY OTKpblThi, H KOrtta 6biAa orAaweHa BOM KOpOM HaCTOHTeAbHHUe MOHaCThipH, OHa co6paAa KallHTYA, "<IT06bi o6"hsmHTb ny soAJO seeM; TaK npottOA)KaAOCh AO noAy.AHH, He 6biAO HH Ill)'Ma, HH CAe3, npHKa3aM llO,A'<IHHH.I\HCb MOAqa H C llO"<ITeHHeM. HacroHTeAhHHUa cnpocHAa tt'Ap)KaHCOHa, MO)KeT AH OH ttaTh HM B03MO)KH0CTh C06paTb AH'IHbie BeiUH; OH eH OTBeTHA, "<ITO, ll{r cKOAhKY Ha noT cqer He noAyqHA HHKaKHX YKa3aHHii, OH S03bMeT see no Ha ce6H. 0Ha era no6AarottapHAa, cKa3as, "<ITO, pa3 HeT npHKa3a, OHM He B03bMYT HM'<Iero, KpoMe nocoxa H MOAHTBeHHHKa. Bee 26 o6HTaTeAhHHUbi MOHacn.IpH pa3MeCTHAHCb s socbMH Kaperax» • Bee 9TO 3anHCaHO CO CAOS MapKH3bl tt'lOKCeAAh, KOTOpM TO'<IHO Ha3SaAa ropotta H MOHacn.IpH, B KOTOpbi e 6biAH BAacn.IO KOpOM OTOCAaHbl MOHaWKH. ~a)Ke cecrpa Alma-CecHAb s so3pacre 87 AeT 6biAa OTnpasAeHa s AMheH, a 6ettHM cecrpa 8<Ppa3H Po6ep 6biAa oTnpasAeHas MaHT s MOHacn.Ipb optteHa CBHTOH YpcyAhi, a eii HcnoAHHAOCb 26 «y)Ke 86 AeT H aHa 6biAa napaAH30BaHa» • Bee 9TH AaMbi OTKa3aAHCb nottnHcaTbCH nott 6yAAoii Vineam Domini, KOTOpM 6biAa pa30CAaHa S 1705 ratty H 3anpemaAa «,AeMOHCTpHpOSaTb ysa)KHTeAbHOe MOAqaHHe» sMecro Taro, "<~T06bi oTKpbiTO otto6pHTh ocy)K.lteHHe HaBeKH lliTH noAO)KeHHH KHHrn RHceHHH «ABryCTHH». 8TO 6biAO OWH6KOH, TaK KaK Ka)K,AbiH 3HaeT, qro MOAHHH npettllO"<ITHTeAbHO H36Hpaer AM yttapa caMoe SbiCOKoe Mecro. A CaMbiM SbiCOKHM MeCTOM S peAHrHH C'<IHTaeTCH TO, r,Ae uapHT .AyxOSHOCTh. Ee3 COMHeHHH, caMoe 6oAhwoe HCnhiTaHHe sbrnaAo Ha AOAJO MOHacn.IpH Ilop-P0$1Ah-,Ae-lliaH, AHWeHHoro npH'!aCTHH H S03M0)KH0CTH Ha6HpaTh MoHaweK, 3a6poweHHoro H o6ec'<~emeHHoro. KopoAh, ll{r AyqHBWHH nAOXOH COSeT H He ll{r,A06pOMY HacrpoeHHbiH AH'<IHO, Ha'<laA npeCA.ettosaHHe noro MOHacn.IpH s rott ero CTOAeTHero o6pa3{r saHHH. «~eHb 3aKpbiTOH ttsepH» (tteHb, KOrtta MaTh AH)KeAHKa ApHo, HCll0Ab3YH CSOIO SAacTb, norpe60saAa B03SpaTa K CTpOrHM npasHAaM), HSMIOIUHHCH CHMSOAOM pe<PopMbl a66aTCTBa, B caMOM ,AeAe,

680

r AABA XXVIII

HMeA Mecro s ceHn16pe 1609 ro~a. Mo)KeT 6biTb, ~a)Ke He 3HaJI caM, Heo6ya~aHHhm oTeu AereAhe, HOBhm Hcnose~HHK KopoM~, aaCTaBHA Aio~oBHKa XIV He noc'<IHTaTb(:jl c a.KCHOMOH: M)"leHH'<IeCTBo ~aer 6eccMepTHe. Co speMeH HapyrneHHH [(epKoBHoro MHpa ( 1679) H H3rHaHHH naHcHoHepos, nOCAyrnHHU H ~yxOBHHKOB Ilop-PoHM~ MOHaCTbipb 6biA o6pe'<~eH Ha yracaHHe. C ~pyro:H cropoHbi, H3rHaHHe Ta.KHX asryCTHHCKHX BO)Ka.KOB, KaK ApHo HAH OTeU KeHeAb, HMeAo ne'<laAbHbie nocAe~CTBHH ~ HHCeHH3Ma. vla-aa rpaHHI.:(bl PYKOBO~HTb TPY~Ho: B KOpoAeBCTBe MOryT HenpaBHAbHO fiOHHTb nOCAaHH.ll HAH ~OCTaBMieMbie HHCTpYKUHH. llc'<le3HoBeHHe AJO~eH, BOO~yrneBA.liBlllHX ~BH)KeHHe, Ka3aAOCb, OKa3aAO nasoa~enCTBHe Ha OTP~hi cropoHHHKOB .liHCeHH3Ma, ry6HOe nOTep.liBlliHX ynpasAeHHe. M .liHceHH3M «'<laCTO nwepnesaer pe3KHe H ~paMaTH'<IeCKHe H3MeHeHHH s csoeM pa3BHTHH» . M o~Ha.Ko, ~a)Ke npeCAe~yeMaJI, rpynna asryCTHHues 6biAa CHAbHa H TaK pacnpocrpaHHAacb no npOBHHUHHM, 'ITO ~0 CHX nop Mbl o6Hapy)KHBaeM ee CAe~bi, HeCMOTPH Ha Ta.Koe KOAH'<IeCTBo pesoAJOUHH. Aio~osHKa XIV pa3~pa)KaA0 HMeHHO TO, 'ITO OT HHX HeB03MO)KH0 6hiAO H36aBHTbCH. O~Ha.KO K asryCTHHUaM HeAb3H 6biAO npHMeHHTb CaHKUHH, KOTopbxe ~o cHx nop npe~HaaHa'<laAHCb ~MI KaAbBHHHCTOB. ABryCTHHUhi, XOTH C HHMH H 6biAH pa3HOI'AaCH.H H3-3a IT.liTH nOAO)KeHHH, npHH~ Ae)KaAH K PHMCKO-KaToAH'<IeCKOH uepKsH; OHH '<lacro 6biAH ee YKPameHHeM; HX 6biAO MHOrO, H HX nO~~ep)KHBaAHj Ha.KOHeU, OHH npHCOe~HHHAH CBOH ycHAHH K YCHAWIM MOAHHHCTOB, '<IT06bi nOMO'<Ib o6paTHTb npOTeCTaHrOB B KaTOAH'<IeCTBO, H paTOBaAH 3a OTMeHY HaHTcKoro 9~HKTa. M KopoAb CTaA HaHocm b y ~apbi H36HpaTeAbHO no MeCTaM-cHMBOAaM, flO AJO~.liM-cHMBOAaM, no npOH3Be~eHWIM CHMBOAaM. Ha 9TH ~e:HCTBH.ll ero no~TaAKHBaeT M~aM ~e MeHTeHOH, a ee no6y~aer K 9TOMY enHCKOn IIIapTPCKHH ro~e ~e Mape. 3aTO OTeu ~e Aamea K crapoCTH ycnoKOHA(:jl. Y )Ke c 1695 ro~a y Hero 6bmaAH He TOAbKO MOMeHTbi 6ea~eHCTBHH cpH3H'<IeCKOrO H ~yxOBHOro, HO OH CTapaACH HHOr~a y~ep)KHBaTb csoero uapCTBeHHoro Ka.IOm.eroc.s~ rpemHHKa OT KpaHHOCTeH, no6~aJI ero np~ep)KHBaTbCH 30AOTOH cepe~HHbi. IlHcbMo M~aM ~e MeHTeHOH K Kap~HHaAy ~e Hoanro (18 HIOH.ll 1706 ro~a) cs~ereAhCTByer o paamme so MHeHH.liX no noso~y Ta.KTH'<IecKoro no~xo~a K .liHCeHH3MY· C'<IHTaJI, 'ITO crapbm ~y xosHHK Kopo.M~ cKopo y~umc.s~, cynpyra Ero BeAH'<IeCTBa nHcua: «Oren ~e Aamea npocHT y Kopo.M~ Ta.K ~oAro O)K~aeMOH OTCTaBKH. Ta.KHM o6paaoM, Bbi CMO)KeTe nocrpoHTh Ilop-Po.liAh s IlapH)Ke H 196 YHH'<ITO)KHTb TOT, ~pyron» • Ho OTeu ~e Aamea He 6biA omym.eH CBOHM I'OCnO~HHOM H ~pyroM H OCTa.BaACH Ha 9TOM nocry ~0 CaMOH cMepTH (20 .liHBap.s~ 1709 ro~a). 8-roT CAY'<iaH noKa3bmaer, Ka.K onaCHbi nosepXHOCTHbie c~eHH.ll, H6o ~MI HcropHorpacpHH OTeu ~e Aamea .liBM~eTc.s~ 6oAhmHM sparoM .liHceHHCTOB, s TO speM.ll Ka.K Hoan CAhiser '<leAoBeKOM, cHMnaTH3HPYIOUJ.HM .liHCeHHCTaM. MapKH3a B 1695 ro-

HCilhiTAHIDI, OlllHBKH, HMDK.lU>I

681

P.y, B CBH3H co cMepThiO ApAe 11.e illa.HBaA.II.OHa, IIAeAa mnpHrn - H B <rroM TO)Ke napaP.OKC, - 'IT06hi Hoa.H 3aHJJA ap>rnenHcKoncKoe KpeCAo B ITapH)Ke, a He Eoccroa H He P.pyrHe P.ocromie Ka.HAHAaThi. AYH-AmyaH 11.e Hoa.H, CbiH repuora, enHcKon illaAOHCKHH, HMeA He TOAhKO noP.P.ep)KKY KopoAH H MaP.aM 11.e MeHTeHOH, HO H sepyroIUHX. OH Ha"'aA csoH noAHOMO"'IDD c «pecpopM; OH ycepP.CTBOBaA He TOAbKO no OTIIOllieHHIO K P.yxoseHCTBy, HO H no OTiiOllieHHIO K HapoP.y»54: 6biAH npHIDITbl Mepbl npOTHB KOMeP.HaHTOB, BBeP.eH MOpaAbHhrH llinHOHa)K, CTpOmH HaP.30p 3a 6eAbiM H "'epHbiM P.yxOBeHCTBOM. BcKope noKa3aAOCb, 'ITO OH «CTaA seAHKHM HHKBH3HTOpOM 6AaroP.apH csoeMY ycepP.HIO H BAIDIHHIO». B TeOAOrH"'eCKOM IIAaHe Hoai:f ueHHA MHeHHe AeTeAhe, apxHenHcKona Pei:fMccKoro, csoero 6hmmero ap>rnenHcKona, Ho, no BhiCKa3bma.HHHM a66aTa Ae)KaHP.pa, coseToBaACH c TaKHM KOAH"'eCTBOM AJOP.ei:f (c Eoccroa, OTUOM 11.e AarypoM, opaTopmmueM, c ro~e P.e Mape H co MHOrHMH P.pyrHMH), 'ITO HaxoII.HACH s CHTYauHH naUHeHTa, pa3pbmaiOrueroc.H Me)KII.y npoTHsonoAO)KHhiMH MHeHH.HMH 6oAhmoro KOAH"'ecrsa spaqei:f. <l>aKTH"'eCKH B Te"'eHHe ceMH AeT OH 3acrasAHeT KaHOHHKa )KaH-)I\al(a EyaAo, asryCTHHUa H HHCeHHCTa, nHCaTb P.AH ce6H nOCAaHHH. cho P.BOHHOe BAHHHHe - cs. KapAo EappoMeo H a66aTa EyaAo, KOTOPOMY no3BOAeHo nHcan, ero nocAaHHH, - P.eAaeT H3 Hoai:f.H HeBOAhHoro HHceHHCTa. Kor11.a s csoeM nocAaHHH 1696 ro11.a 11.e Hoa.H ocyP.HA npoH3BeP.eHHe MapTeHa 11.e EapKoca (IIAeMHHHHKa H HacAeP.HHKa CeH-CHpaHa) «lf3AO)KeHHe CHMBOAa sepbi PHMcKo-KaTOAH"'ecKoi:f uepKsH, OTiiOCHTeAhHO 6AarOP.aTH H npeP.onpeP.eAeHH.H», oH HameA cnoco6 H3o6AH54 "'HTh «Bee 3AO yqeHHH RHceHHH» , a 3aTeM H3AO)KHTb csoro co6crseHH}'IO P.OKTPHHY 0 6AarOP.aTH, He OTMe)KeBhffiaHCb OT TOrO, 'ITO OH 3aKAeiiMIDI s nepsoi:f "'aCTH TeKcra EoAbWHHCTBO HHceHHcros CKa3aAii, 'ITO 11.e Hoa.H «npHHHA o6AHK Hcasa AHllih P.AH Toro, 'IT06bi rosopHTh .sJ3biKOM HaKoBa»54 • Hoa.H He y6e)KII.eHHhrn HHceHHcr, Ho P.OBOAhHO 6oAhmoii npHBep)KeHeu raAAHKaHCTBa, 'IT06bi TopM03HTh HHHUHaTHBhi PHMa, KOrP.a OH HX C"'HTaeT HecsoespeMeHHbiMH. 9To BHAHO no ero oTHomeHHIO K OTuy KeHeAJO H no TOMY, KaKoe OH npHHHMaeT pemeHHe OTiiocHTeAbHo «sonpoca coseCTH». /l,e Hoa.H socXHIUaeTCH KeHeAeM H, KOrP.a oH 6hlA enHcKonoM illaAOHCKHM, OP.o6pHA ero npOH3BeP.eHHe, 03arAaBAeHHoe «KpaTKOe H3AO)KeHHe MOpaAH EsasreAHH, HAH XpHCTHaHCKHe MhiCAH o TeKCTe qen,rpex EsasreAHi:f» (ToM I, 1671; T. II, 1679; T. III, 1687; T. IV H OKOH"'aTeAhHhrH TeKCT, 1695). He3YHTI>I 3aKAei:fMHAH npoH3BeP.eHHe, )KeAaH, 'IT06bi OHO 6hiAO OCy)KII.eHo. KeHeAb, HameP.wiDi y6e)KHIUe s HHP.epAa.HAax s 1684 ro11.y, c 1696 no 1703 ro11. CHAHT B TIOpbMe no P.OHocy ap>rnenHcKona MexeAeHcKoro. (H3 TIOpbMhi OH y6eraeT, areHThi AIOP.OBHKa XIV ero HIUYT, OH HaxOP.HT y6e)KH1Ue s CoeP.HHeHHbiX ITposHHUHHX.) /l,e Hoa.H He npHcOeP.HH.aeTcH K sparaM opaTOpHaHUa H P.eAaeT see, 'IT06bi ero 3amHTHT'b. OH ero nonpoCHA nepeP.eAaTh csoe «KpaTKoe H3AO)KeHHe», H KeHeAh noCAymaACH H ony6AHKOBaA B

682

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1699 ro~y «HOBbiH 3aBeT Ha cppaHUY3CKOM H3biKe C HpaBCTBeHHbiMH paccy)l(~eHHHMH no Ka)I(~OMY crnxy». ll Kor~a 'KAHMeHT XI npHKa3aJ\ 13 HIONI 1708 ro~a C)l(e"Jb HHCeHHCTCKOe npOH3Be~eHHe, Kap~H HaJ\ - OH nOAY"JHA Kap~HHaJ\bCKytO WNJnY B 1700 ro~y - npHCOe~H HHACH K "JAeHaM COBeTa, CTOpOHHHKOM ra.AAHKaHCTBa (TopcH, KaHUAepy IloHwap-rpeHy, ~'Arecco) c ueAbro noMewaTb, <rro6bt s KopoAeBCTBO 6biAO ~OCTaBAeHO nancKOe 6peae. ITo ~eAy «Bonpoca cosecrn» Hoa.ii: H Eocc109 HCKa.AH YMHPOTBopeHHH. Ife3)'HTI>l H <f>eHeAOH, HanpOTHB, nO~AHAH MacAa B OrOHb, OKa3bffiaH ~asAeHHe Ha 'KAHMeHTa XI, <rro6bx OH nocKopee BhiCKaaaJ\cH; OHH CHOBa pa30)1(rAH He3aT)'XaiOII.T.HH, ~NIIUHHCH C 1653 ro~a KOHcpAHKT. B Ha"laJ\e 1702 ro~a M~aM ~e MeHTeHOH, nepenyraHHaH «CMeAOCTbiO» csoero npoTe)l(e, npe~ynpe~aer Kap~HHaJ\a-apXHenHc Kona, <rro OH nOTepHA ~osepHe KopoNI; Alo~OBHK XIV o6sHHHer ero 216 s «A106BH K HHCeHHCTaM» • Aio~oBHK XIV C"'HTaer s 9TO speMH, <rro HHCeHH3M - noAHTH3HposaHHaH ~OK-rpHHa, H paccMa-rpHsaer KeHeNI KaK r AasapH napnm H HenoKopHoro BO)I(aKa. OH xoqer 3aKAIO"'HTb MHP c PHMoM. OH CYMeA o6Hapy)I(HTb, ~a)l(e B csoeM coaeTe MHHHc-rpos, HHor~a Hapyrnarom:eecH, Ho HBHoe corAaweHHe Me~y ra.AAHKaHaMH H asrycrnHuaMH. OH 6oHTCH, H He 6e3 ocHOBaHHH, KaK 61>1 oHo He CTaJ\O nocroHHHbiM HBAeHHeM. BOT no"leMy He HY)I(HO BMewaTeAbCTBO OTUa ~e Aawe3a, "'TT6bx o6'bHCHHTb )l(eCTKOCTb KopoNI. C 1703 ro~a OH nOCTOHHHO -rpe6yeT OT 'KAHMeHTa XI 6yAAy, B KOTOpOH 6biAa 6bi npHMOAHHeHHO OC~eHa npHBH3aHHOCTb K HHCeHH3MY H KOTopaH BHOBb np~aAa 61>1 cHAy «<f>opMYNIPY»· Ilana ony6AHKyer 6yAAy «Vineam Domini» (15 HIONI 1705 ro~a). 8TOT TeKcr ~OA)I(eH 6biA 6bt, no MHeHHIO Ero CsHTeiiweCTBa H KopoNI <f>paHUHH, noAo)I(HTb KOHeu ccope no noso~y 6Aaro~aTH .. Ha CaMOM ~eAe 6yAAa npH~acr OKOH"laTeAbHO noAHTH"lecKyro OKpacKy HHCeHH3MY· KeHeAb H EyaAo (so~H asryCTHHUea), IllapAb-)KoaKeH KoAb6ep, enHcKon MoHneAbe (~ocroiiHhm 3aiUHTHHKOB asrycTHHues) pe3KO npeKpaIUaiOT BhiCTynaTb B 3all.(HTY I1HTH nOAO)I(eHHH, npHAaraiOT see ycHAHH, <rr06bi BOCCTaHOBHTb o6m:eCTBeHHOe MHeHHe npOTHB PHMa BO HMH peAHrn03HOH cso6o~bl [(epKBH <t>paHUHH. ll Kap~HHaJ\ ~e Hoa.ii: He e~HHCTBeHHbm, KTO CAe~yeT 9TOH TaKTHKe. AccaM6AeH ~yxoseHCTBa s 1705 ro~y, qepe3 HecKOAbKO MecHuea noCAe nancKOH 6yAAbi «Vineam Domini», npe~ocrasNier 9TOMY npeAaTY AY"JillytO 1J>H6yey. K opoAb nHWeT enHcKonaM, npH3hmaH HX OTHeCTHCb c ysa)l(eHHeM K nancKOMY yAo)l(eHHIO H HaHTH «Ca.M)'I_<) npHeM216 AeMYIO e~HHytO cpopMY ~NI scex enapXHii KopoAesCTBa>> • Hoa.ii: npHBO~HT OrpOMHOe KOAH"leCTBO ~OBO~OB, BBO~Hm:HX B 3a6Ay)l(~e HHe. ITo cAoaaM Kap~HHaAa, Ilana, OTKa3biBaHcb OT csoero -rpe6osaHHH o «HenorpewHMOCTH B YTBep)l(~eHHH peaAbHOCTH cpaKToB, ~a)l(e ~OrMaTH"leCKHX, KOTOpbie He 6biAH 06Hapy)l(eHbi», He CKa3aJ\, HBNieTCH ~ocraTO"'HbiM HAH Her «ysa)I(HTeAbHoe MOA"laHHe». OH npHrAawaer 3aTeM CBOHX co6paTheB H3 ra.AAHKaHCKOro enHCKOnaTa <<He BblXO~HTb 3a paMKH Toro peweHHH, KOTopoe 6yAAa co~ep)I(HT, HH"lero

HCIThiTAHIDI, 011Ilf61Gi, HA,ll;IDK,l{bl

683

He tto6a.sNIH H He y6a.sNIH, Ta.K Ka.K TaM see ToqHo CKa3a.H0»216• Ho 9TO BHI.(HMOe nemurrne 6yAM.I a.HHYAHPYeTCH, nOTOM)' 'iTO ellHCKOnbi conposottHT nyt>AHKaumo aroro TeKCTa o6'bHCHHTeAbHbiM noCAaHHeM. Acca.M6AeH ttyxoseHCTBa noKaahmaeT Tiane, qro era BAaCTH npoTHBonocra.sAHeTCH BAaCTb UepKBH <l>pamum. Hoa.H H 60AbWHHCTBO npeAaTOB Ha tteAe COrAaiiiaiOTCH C raAAHKa.HCKOH I.(OKTPHHOH 6yttymero KaHUAepa tt'Arecco (a Hacro.siillee apeMH KopoAescKoro npoKypopa), no KOTopoif nancKoe perneHHe, tt3.)Ke rop:lKeCTBeHHoe, HMeeT y Hac cHAy aa.KoHa «AHIIIh npH ettHHOttyrnHOM npHHHTHH H corAacHH aceif UepKBH». TiyCTb TOAbKO apxnenHcKon TiapH:lKCKHH HAH enHcKon MoHneAbe ctteAaiOT KaKHe-HH6ytth B3.)f(Hbie oroaopKH, H y:lKe corAacHe He MO:lKeT cqHTaTbCH «ei.(HHOI.()'IIIHl>IM». EpocHs Bhi30B KOpoAIO, KapttHHaA tte Hoa.H BhJHY:lKt.teH 6biA aceTa.KH Cl.(eAaTb ycrynKH no HeKOTOpbiM nyHKTa.M: no KpaTKOM)' BbiCKa3biBaHHIO 8pHeCTa AaaHcca, «3a ace nonAaTHTCH nop-POHAb».

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684

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IlapiDKe, KOr~a KopoAb BMecro oma Befuq>a BI>I6pa.A ero, oma AeTeAhe. OH u:eAhHbm t.~eAoBeK TOAI>KO no coa~asaeMoii BH.ltHMOCTH H snoAHe onpas~~:>maeT csoro penyrau:HIO ynp.!1Moro. OH, HanpHMep, napMOKCaAbHO npHIUIA cropoey KoH<P)'UIDI B 6oAhUIHX ~e6aTaX MHCCHOHepos I<HTaJI (nponose~yeMoe xpHCTHaHCTBO B HMnepHH BocroKa MO:>KeT HAH He MO:>KeT BKAIOt.IaTh 9AeMeHThi MeCTHOH TPMHUHOHHOH MopaAH ?) . K Hect.~aCTbiO, OTeu: Ae-reAbe He no~xo~HT c TaKOH AH6epaAbHOCThiO K <PpaHUyacKOMY ITop-PoHAIO. OH, 6eayCAOBHO, B 6oAbllleH Mepe HeYMeAbrH, t.IeM 3AOH t.IeAOBeK, nOCKOAbKY «Beer~a 6biA Ot.IeHb 3aMKH)'ThiM»65 , HeCMOTPH Ha ~OCTH:>KeHHe TaKHX BbiCOT, 6biA COBepllleHHO AHUieH rn6KOCTH B OTHOllleHHHX C AIO~bMH, a6coAIOTHO He cnoco6eH K AaBHpOBaHHIO. 11cxo~H H3 CBOHX YAbTPaMOHTaHCKHX HaCTPOeHHH, OH ot.~eH~:> CKopO OKa3biBaeT HeraTHBHOe BAH.!lHHe Ha KOpOAH B OTHOllleHHH .!lHCeHHCTOB. Y:>Ke B MapTe 1709 ro~a HMeiOT Mecro TaK Haa~:>maeM~>Ie «COBeThi coseCTH», o6cy~eHID! YTPOM no nHTHHU:aM Aro~oBH KOM XIV H ero ~yxoBHHKOM sonpocos, KacaiOWHXCH 6eHe<PHUHeB ~yxoseHcTBa. Bo BpeMH o6cy:>K~eHHH He co6AIO~aeTcH TOT npHHU:Hn 6Aaropa3YMHOH ocropo:>KHOCTH, o KOTopoii PHllleAbe nHca.A KOr~a-To OTU:Y Cro<P<PpeHy, HaaHat.IeHHOMY B 1625 ro~y ~yxoBHHKOM Aro~o BHKa XIII: «IlycTh y sac HHKor~a He 6y~eT aM6HU:HH BAacTeAHHa, BMelllHBaiOUlefOC.!l B ~eAa enHCKOnCTB H a66aTCTB, nOCKOAbKY BCe TaKHe Bonpochl Henocpe~crBeHHO 3aBHCHT OT KopoAH, KaK see ~py rHe MHAOCTH»269 • C 9TOrO MOMeHTa AeTeAbe OKa3b1BaeT BAHHHHe TaK:>Ke Ha «TO, "'TO HBAHeTcH AH"'HI>IM» ~AH MOHapxa. Ho ~a:>Ke nocAe nOAYTOpa AeT C BH~Y ~OBOAbHO 6AH3KHX OTHOllleHHH OH «He C"'HTaeT ~A.!l ce6.!l B03MO:>KHbiM KaCaThC.!l HeKOTOpbiX BOnpOCOB, noCKOAbKY OHH He BXO~HT B ero KOMneTeHU:HIO, H no aTOH npHt.IHHe eMy cpaay ~aAH 6bl 9TO noHHTb»224 • TaK nHca.A <l>eHeAOHY repu:or ~e lliespea (13 HO.!i6p.!i 1710 ro~a). 8TO CBH~eTeAbCTBYeT 0 TOM, "'TO AeTeA~:>e no~~ep:>KHBaeT CBH3b c EoBHAbe H ero po~CTBeHHHKOM ~e IllespeaoM, - KOTOpMe H no~TOAKH)'AH Aro~OBHKa XIV Bb16paTh ero, - HO H36eraeT fOBOpHTb C KOpOAeM 0 nOAHTHKe, TaK KaK 9TO aanpeweHHaH TeMa. 3at.~eM eMy 9TO? OH ~OBOAI>HO AOBKo npH~aeT TeOAOrHt.IeCKYJO OKpacKy CBOHM nOAHTH"'eCKHM HaMeKaM, no CXeMe, KOTOpaH npoTHsonoAO:>KHa cxeMe HHCeHHCTOB. KTo cMO:>KeT yaHaTh, KaK BeAHKO 6biAO ero pea.AbHOe BAHHHHe? XOT.!l KOpOAb CO:>Ka.AeeT o6 oTu:e ~e Aallleae, npH~BopHoM, HYMHaMaTe, npHHTHOM t.~eAoBeKe, Ho B o6weM-TO oH cra.A 6oAee :>KeCTKHM. B Tet.~eHHe t.~eTBepTH BeKa MOHapx no~sepraeTcH BAHHHHIO csoeii xaH:>KH-:>KeHbi. KopoAb so seeM BH.ltHT Kaparowyro PYKY focno~a - H B nocrHrlllHX ero Hect.~aCThHX so speMH BOHHbi, H B CTHXHHHbiX 6e~CTBHHX :>KecroKOH 3HMbl 1709 ro~a, a n03:>Ke H B CMepT.!iX 60AblllOfO KOAH"'eCTBa Ot.IeHb 6AH3KHx, ~opornx eMY AIO~eii. 11 ewe cy~~:>6e 6~:>IAO yro~Ho OT~aTh ero B PYKH CTOAb Ma.AO AI06eaHoro HeaYHTa· B o6weM, 3AO 6biAO ~eAaHO. KaK 61>1 Ae-reAhe HH BeA ce6H, o6wee MHeHHe o HeM He MeHHeTCH B AYt.flllYJO cropoey. CpMH CTHlllKOB 26

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685

WaHCOHbe 1715 ro~a, BblCMeHBalOll(HX ero, npoiUITHpyeM 9TO ~By CTIIWHe:

9roT MOHapx yMep KaK r~poii, KaK XpHCTHaHHH, Xarll H aa pYJ<ax He3ym-a . HenonyAJJ:pHOCTb OTUa Aere.i\be, KOTopaJI Bee soapacra.Aa, HaKAa~biBa.Aa OTne'IaTOK Ha KopoAJI. O~HHM H3 nepBbiX a.KTOB perema, xopowero noAHTHKa, 6hiAO y~a.AeHHe TaKoro uey~o6uoro H noaop.lllllero naMHrb noKoiiuoro KopoAJI ~yxosHHKa.

O~HHM H3 nepBbiX aKTOB oma AereAhe 6oiAa ero aTaKa ua MOHaCTbipb-cHMBOA I1op-Po11Ab-~e-lliaH. Ero MOHaUII<H, OCTaBWHeC.R: HenpHMHpHMbiMH, OTKa3hiBaroTc.R: npHaHaTb yAo:~KeHHe 6yAAbi «Vineam Domini». EcAH 6hi OHH noCAe~osaAH cosery Ero Ilpeocs.llllleHCTBa ~e How H HawAii 6bi AaaeiiKy, oCTaBaJICh s ~ywe npH csoeM MHeHHH, 'IT06bt ocy~HTh cBOHMH yCTaMH RHceHIDI H ocraThc.R: BepHbiMH CeuCHpaJiY, Kap~HHa.A cMor 6bi OKaaaTb HM 6oAhwytO no~~ep:~KKy. Ho OHH OTKa3hiBaroTC.R: OT Toro, 'ITO )!(au PacHH naabmaer «CHHCXO~H TeAbHOCTbiO H YMepeHHOCTbiO». 8To ynp.R:MCTBo, KOTopoe HaCAaHBaerC.R: Ha HX npOWAOe ynp.R:MCTBO, HaiiOMHHaer 0 MHOrO'lliCAeHHbiX CIIQpax H oTKaaax, H Ero BeAH'IeCTBo s csoeM paa~pa:~KeHHH npoTHB HHX ~oxo~HT ~o HaHBbiCllleii TO'IKH. H renepb Ero Ilpeocs.llllleHCTBo ~e Hoaii Bhmy~eH OTKaaaTbc.R: OT 9THX crapbiX 6ymosmHu. «On cor Aalllaerc.R: Ha CAIDIHHe MOHaCTbip.R: Ilop-Po11Ab-~e-lliaH C napH:IKCKHM MOHaCTbtpeM Ilop-Po11Ab. MoHaCTbtpb Ilop-Po11Ab-~e-IllaH 6biA ynpaa~HeH IIOCTaHOBAeHHeM OT 9 cpespaAJI 1707 ro~a, 6yAAOH OT 27 MaPTa 1708 ro~a, KOpOAeBCKHMH rpaMOTaMH OT 14 HO.R:6p.R: 1708 ro~a npH co~eHCTBHH apXHeiiHcKona, a «~HIIAOMaTbi» (.R:HceHHCTcKoii) napTHH H He IIp0TeCTOBaAH»216 • IlOAHUeHCKaJI onepauiDI 29 OKT.R:6p.R:, KOTOpyiO ~e HoaH BHelllHe o~o6p.R:er, Ka:~KerC.R:, HHCKOAbKO He BOAHYer OTUa AeTeAbe. J\ro~H, Ka:~Kerc.R:, TO:~Ke OTHOC.R:TC.R: K Heii c 6eapa3AH<JHeM. H TOAhKO re, y Koro ~o6paJI ~ywa, KaK MapKH3a ~'lOKCeAAb, OIIAaKHBaroT cy~b6y MQHaWeK. 8Ta ~aMa IIHWef 15 HO.R:6p.R: 1709 ro~a: «0~Ha H3 9THX CB.R:TbiX MOHaWeK, KOTOpOH, KaK rDBOp.R:T, 6hiAO 87 AeT H KOTOpyiO coCAaAH B AMheH, CKOH'la.Aach Ha PYKax y enHcKona>> 26 • Ho scKope HeCKOAbKO ~pyaeH, He npHH~Ae:IKall(HX K MOHaCTbipiO, HanpasNUOTC.R: s Ilop-Po11Ab-~e-Illau: no Ha'Ia.AO na.AOMHH'IeCTBa. Bhme~eHHhm H3 pasHoseciDI noii peaK~U~eii, KopoAb pewaer s corAacHH co CBOHM ~yxosHHKoM HCKopeHHTb 9TO MOA'la.AHBoe HenosHHoseHHe. B 1710 ro~y coseT BhmOCHT pellleHHe o paapyweHHH MoHaCTbtp.R:. B CAe~yro meM ro~y BAaCTH 9KCfYMHpyroT OCTa.HKH MOHaweK, 3axOpoHeHHhie B COCe~HHX XpaMax H Te, KOTOpbie IIOKOHAHCb B o6meH MOnue KA~6Hll(a CeH-AaM6ep. C uepKOBbiO Ilop-Po11Ab-~e-Illau o6xo~nc.R: He AY'JWe, 'IeM C XpaMOM B lliapauroHe; OCTaHKH CB.R:TblX MOHallleK TaK :IKe nOTpeBo:~KeHbi, KaK KaTOAH'IeCKHe KA~6Hll(a s MarpH6e, paaopeHHbie no npHKaay TYPeUKoro cyATaHa. B «KopOTKoM speMeHH» KopoAb Bbmrpa.A: ~a:IKe 3'1'0 HaCHAHe COOTBerCTByer TaK Ha3biBaeMOMY

686

r AABA XXVIII

«cpe~HeM)' nyrH» ror~aiiiHeii TeOAOrnH. B «cpe~HeM BpeMeHH» ~eii CTBIDI KOpONI Bbi30Byr Heo~o6peHHe: B cepe~HHe BeKa I1pocBemeHIDI pKe He TOAbKO aBryCTHHUbi, HO H cpHAOCOcpbi, B 60AblUeH HAH MeHbWeH Mepe HeBep)'lOUlHe, HCD0Ah3)'10T 3Tii y)l(aCHbie cpa.KTbi, '<IT06bi onopO'IHTh naMRTh KopoNI. B «~OArOM BpeMeHH» Aio~oBHK XIV noTepaeT eme 6oAhwe: KaK 6y~To npHB~eHIDI MOHaweK H3 aroro MoHaCTbip.H 6y~yr BnAOTb ~0 HaliiHX ~HeH CMYUlaTh naMRTb 0 HeM. O~HaKo AIO~H nAoxo ce6e npe~CTaBNIIOT 6y~ymee. HHKTO He 3HaeT B 1710 ro~y, 'ITO MOHaCTbtpb I1op-PoJlAb, cphiThrn c AHua aeMAH, r~e He OCTaAOCb «KaMH.H Ha KaMHe» (CeH-CJiMOH), KOTOpbrn Juo~OBHK XIV xOTeA npe~aTh aa6BeHHIO, CTaHeT MecroM naAOMHH'IeCTBa. Ho Ka)l(~hrn B~HT, 'ITO aroT )l(e KopoAh no~BepraeTc.H TaKHM )l(eCTOKHM HCnhiTaHIDIM, '<ITO OHH MOryT llOKa3aThCJl HaKa3aHHeM focno~a. I1ocAe OTMeHbi HaHTcKoro a~HKTa npOTeCTaHTbi ycMa-rpHBaAH HaKaaaHHe KopoAIO B TOM, '<ITO y Hero noaBHAaCb cpHcryAa. A TO, '<ITO I1pOBH~eHHe yrOTOBHAO HaHXpHCTHaHHeHlUeM)' KOpOAIO nOCAe pa3pymeHIDI MOHaCTbtpa I1op-Po.HNI, 6biAO B COTHIO pa3 6oAee )l(eCToKHM.

CMEPTb TPEX HACAE,lUlliKOB

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liCnhiTAHIDI, 0Wl1EKI1, HA,li.E)K.ll;hl

687

HhiMH KpyrosopoTa.MH, HeT speMeHH .ll:NI Taro, 'IT06hi norpy)l(aThCR B Me"<IThi, cpHAOCOcpCTBOBaTb, ynHBaTbC$1 CBOHMH nepe)I(HBa.HIDIMH. 8nf CAe.ll:yroi.UHe .ll:pyr 3a .ll:pyroM HCllb!TaHH$1 npHXO,ll;HTC$1 Bbl,ll;ep)I(HBaTb, B TOT MOMeHT, KOr,ll;a eMY Ha,ll;O pemaTb CAO)I(HeHliiiie rocy.napCTBeHHbie npo6AeMhi, HaxO,ll;HCb llOCTOHHHO cpe.ll:H HCIIhiTyrollle Ha Hero r Ml,ll;$1lllHX BparOB H npH,ll;BOpHbiX, AJ06.!lii.lHX era HAH 6eapa3AH'ffibiX K HeMY· EcAH MOHapx 6y.ne-r ,ll;OAro onAaKHBaTh csoe rope, ero o6BHHHT B TOM, 'ITO OH aa6hiA 0 HeC'IaCTbRX KOpOAeBCTBa, a ecAH 6y,neT HCUOAH$1Tb CBOH KOpOAeBCKHe o6naaHHOCTH, CTapaHCh He Tep$1Tb BpeMeHH, He cMemHBaH .neAa ceMbH c .neAaMH rocy.napCTBa, B3$1B ce6n s PYKH H COXpaH$1$1 XAa,ll;HOKpOBHe, ero 06BHHRT B 6ecqysCTBeHHOCTH H B 6ec'leAOBe'IHOCTH. B 3TOM H 6peMR H seAH'IHe «peMeCAa» HacAe,nHoro MOHapxa. IlOTOMCTBO Aro.noBHKa XIV HC'Ieaae-r no AHHHH n epsopo.nCTBa, KaK 6y.ll:TO cy,nb6a C006pa30BhmaAaCb C OCHOBHbiM 3aKOHOM HaCAe,ll;OBaHH$1. MoHceHhopa, KOToporo AJ06HAH B IlapH)I(e coA,ll;aThi H rrpocroii AJO,n, cMepTh YHecAa nepsbiM. 8 anpeNI 1711 ro.na seqepoM, Haxo.nnch B Me.noHe B csoeii peaH,ll;eHUHH, OH noqysCTBOBaA «CHAhH)'IO rOAOBH)'IO 6aAb». 9-ro CAa60CTb H MHrpeHb BhJHY,ll;HAH 3TOrO HeYToMHMOrO AJ06HTeNI llCOBOH OXOTbl «npepBaTh 31"0 3aHHTHe», B03BpaTHTbCH H Ae'lh B nocreAb. <ParoH H MapemaAb, TOT'Iac )l(e npH6bmmHe K HeMY, nOCTaBHAH ,ll;HarH03: llO,ll;03peHHe Ha ocny - H He olliH6AHcb. Ha CAe.nyrolllHH .neHh K seqepy Ha TeAe nonsHAHch MaAeHbKHe ny3hiphKH. 12-ro seqepoM HaBHCAa 6oAbliiaH onacHOCTb, MoHceHhop 6pe.nHA «c oTKphiThiMH rAa3aMH»; KopoAb 3anpeTWI. sxo.ll:HTh B KOMHary Cbllia. Ha CAe,nyrolllHH ,ll;eHb BHOBb ll0$1BNieTCH Ha,ll;e)l(,ll;a, H ~a)l(e 14-ro YTPOM Ha,ll;e)l(,na eme )I(HBeT s Ka)l(,ll;OM. «A K CeMH 'lacaM Be'Iepa, - 3anHCaA ,ll;e Cypm, - OH HaxO,ll;HACH B COCTOHHHH aroHHH H K O,ll;HHHa,ll;n;arn qacaM seqepa CKOH'IaACH. KopoAb TYT )l(e npHKa3aA 3aKAa,ll;hmaTh KapeThi (OH He 6oHAcn 3apaaHTbca, noKa IlhiTaAHCh cnaCTH ero Chrna, Teneph )l(e oH no.nae-r npHMep ,nNI npHH$1TH$1 HeKOTOphiX npe.nocropmKHocreii), OH yea)l(aeT H3 Me,noHa B noAOBHHe .nseHa,ll;n;aToro H HanpasNieTCH s MapAH. He.naAeKo oT BepcaN! OH noscrpe'IaACH c Kape-roii repn:omHH Eyp~cKoii, KOTopan exaAa eMY Hascrpeqy C HeCKOAhKHMH ,ll;aMaMH, KOpOAb OCTaHoBWI.CR, 'IT06bi eli coo6mHTh 3TY ne'<~aAbH)'IO HOBOCTb, H cpa3y OThexaA; npHexas B MapAH, OH cMor Ae'lh B nocreAh TOAhKO '<~epe3 TPH qaca noCAe Taro KaK npHexaA: ero 6oAb 6hiAa TaK seAHKa, 'ITO OH He v . m Mar H36 asHTbca OT CHAhHeHmHx npHcrynos y.ll:ymhH» . llieCTHa,ll;n;aToro anpeNI Ma.ll:aM EAH3aseTa-IliapAOTTa IIHCaAa: «J! BH,ll;eAa KapoNI sqepa s 11 qacos, ero ne'laAb TaK cHAhHa, 'ITO oHa )'MWI.OCTHBWI.a 6bi ,lla)l(e KaMeHHOe cep,nn;e; O,ll;HaKO OH He ,ll;OCa,ll;OBaA, CO BCeMH pa3rOBapHBaA H OT,llaBaA npHKa3hi C 60AhliiOH TBep,ll;OCTbiO B roAoce, HO BCRKHH pa3 ero r Aa3a HanoAHHAHCh CAe3aMH, H OH e.nsa c,nep)I(HBaA pbl,ll;aHH$1. J! crpaliiHO 60IOCh, KaK 6bi OH CaM He 3a60AeA, TaK KaK y Hero O'leHh IIAoxoii BH.ll:. JI ero )l(aAeiO OT sceii ,nymH». Ma,naM CHAbHO B3BOAHOBaAO TaKOe CTpa,ll;aHHe KOpONI: OHa pbl,ll;aAa ,ll;O

688

r AABA XXVIII

ca.Moro Be'lepa. II 9'1'0 oHa-To, KOTopCUI scer,na BbiCMeHBa.Aa Ha6o)I(HOCTb KOpONI, npOTHBOpe'IHBOCTb ero peAHrH03HOCTH, cero,niDI OHa BOCXHIJ..{aeTCH TeM, KaK OH «nO,n'IHIDieTCH BOAe ocno,na, TPY,nHO ,na)l(e soo6pa3HTb, KaKosa 9Ta noKOpHOCTb cy,nb6e». YTeweHHeM Aio,nosHKY XIV CAy:>~<HT AHWb TO, 'ITO eMY coo6maeT .nyxoBHHK ero CbiHa: MoHceHbop roseA Ha crpaCTHoif He,neAe nepe.n csoeif «XpHCTHaHCKOH KOH'IHHOH», «ero coseCTb 6biAa 'IHCTa». Yseposas B cnaceHHe ,noqmHa, «KopOAb caM se,neT TaKHe 6Aaro'ieCTHBbie pe'IH, 'ITO 9TO sac TPoraeT ,no rAy6HHbi .nywH»87. <l>paHUIDI, B03MO)I(HO, noTepSIAa Ay-qwero H3 csoHx KopoAeH. Kor,na-HH6y,nb B 6y,nymeM, B03MO)I(H0, Mbl nOCBHTHM KHHry 9TOMY HaCAe,nHHKy, CTOAb 'ieAOBe'IHOMY, CTOAb AJ06HMOMY npH )I(H3HH. Q-qepIDITb ero CTa.AO npHBbl'IHbiM c AerKOH p)'KH CeH-CHMoHa. 9TOT repuor H3o6pa3HA ero AeHTHeM H ysaAOHeM. A ero nopTPeT Aio,noBHKa <l>paHUY3CKoro 6biA npocro KapHKaTYPOH. EcAH MoHceHbOp crpaCTHO ysAeKa.ACH nCOBOH OXOTOH Ha BOAKOB, KOHHbiMH COCT.H3aHWIMH, HrpOH B wapbl, BepXOBOH e3,nOH, COCT.I13aHHHMH no CHHTHIO nHKOH KOAbUa H 6hiA BCer,na nepBbiM cpe,nH CBOHX Ta.AaHTAHBbiX ,npy3eH, eCAH OH co6pa.A npeKpaCHbie KOAAeKUHH, 3aHHMa.ACH )'KpaweHHeM csoero ,nsopua, npe,nce,naTeAbCTBOBa.A Ha npeKpacHbiX MacKapa,nax, uapHA s Me,noHe s csoeM H3biCKaHHOM Kpy)I(Ke ,nNI H36paHHbix, To AHWb nOToMY, 'ITO oH ,noA)I(eH 6biA Ham YMHbie H npHHTHbie 3aIDITIDI, 'IT06 3anoAHHTb csoe cso6o,nHoe speM.H, KOToporo y Hero 6biAO B H36biTKe, 3a 'ITO OH, KOHe'IHO, He MO)I(eT HeCTH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb. Ka)l(,nbm pa3, Kor,na ero OTeu ,nasa.A eMY OTBeTCTBeHHbie soeHHbre HAH noAHTH'IeCKHe nopy-qeHIDI, OH scer,na noKa3biBa.A ce6.11 ,nocroHHbiM KOpOAeBCKOrO ,nosepHH; CMeAbiH H nooyNipHbiH B apMHH (1688), BHHMaTeAbHbiH H Bcer,na 3aHHMaiOIJ..{HH TBep,nYIO n03HUHIO B COBeTe MHHHCTpOB. MHoro H 3AO cy.na'IHAH no TOMY noso.ny, 'ITO opraHH3aUHH 3axopoHeHIDI MoHceHbopa B CeH-,lJ;eHH npoUIAa TaHHO. ,lJ;NI no,no6Horo co6AIO,neHHH TaJmbi 6biAO ,nse npH'IHHbt: crpax nepe.n HH¢eKuHeH H CTbt,nAHBOCTb AJo,nOBHKa, KOTOpbm crapa.ACH H30 BCeX CHA cnpHTaTb Ha AIO,nHX csoH cAe3bi. XOTH Ma,naM ,ne MeHTeHOH rosopHAa c 6e3MepHoH cyxoCTbiO o cMepTH MoHceHbOpa (npoHBAHH H noCAe ero CMepTH CBOIO HeAI060Bb - 06bNHOe 'lysCTBO K naCbiHKy), XOTH H npH.nBOpHbie O'ieHb 6biCTp0 CMaXHYAH <PaAbWHBbie CAe3bl H ~e OCa)l(,naAH CO BCeH CBOeH yCA~OCTbiO HOBOrO HaCAe,nHHKa, HH'iero He H3MeHHAOCb B HacrpoeHHH craporo MOHapxa: ero rope 6biAO Heno,n,neAbHO BeAHKO. O,nHaKo, KaK s HcropHH c HosoM, Ha Aio,nosHKa XIV nocbrnaAHCb HCllbiTaHHH OAHO 3a ApyrnM. I1oCAe OCllbl nOHBHAaCb KOpb B OCTpOH ¢opMe. 3a cMepThiO nepsoro .no¢HHa BCKope noCAe,nosaAH cMepTH repuornHH H repuora EypryHACKHX. fepuorniDI EypryHACKaJI YMepAa nepsoif 12 ¢espaN1 1712 ro,na. Eif He 6biAO eme H .nsa.nuaTH weCTH AeT. Orapbm KopoAb noAy-qa.A 6oAbwoe y.nosoAbCTBHe OT o6meHIDI c Heif, TaK KaK ee HMIIYAbCHBHbm xapaKTep pa3p.11)1(a.A CAHWKOM

HCIIhiTAHIDI, OlliHEKH, ~hi

689

cepbe3H}'IO aTMoccpepy ~sopa. M~a.M ~e MeHTeHOH, KOTOpM He AI06MAa ee (a Koro OHa AI06MAa?), rmcaAa 1 ceHTH6p.lt 1711 ro~a: «Cynpyra ~ocpaHa npesocxo~HT see MOH O)K~amur: OHa 3acrasaAa BCeX AI06HTb ee, BOCXHI.UaTbC.lt ero; OHa He 6e3 He~OCTaTKOB, HO XQp01IIHX Ka"'ecrs y Hee ropas~o 6o.hhrne» 66. MeHbllle "'eM qepe3 He~eAIO noCAe csoeii cynpyrn (18 cpespa.NI) YMJipaeT repuor Eyp~cKHii, BTopoii ~ocpaH (oH 6hiA HacAe~HHKOM scero AHlllb ~ec.S!Tb Mec.ltues). Ero ~e~ xoporno 3HaA ero He~ocraTKH (s3pbmoonacHoe CO"'eTaHHe qpe3MepHOH Ha60)KHOCTH a rop~ocra) a ero «nOTOAOK» (He O"'eHb cnoco6Hbm KOM~osaTb apMIDIMH); repuor Eyp~cKHH, KpoMe sc~ro npoqero, He cnoco6eH MbiC.hHTb KaK MqHapx. <l>eHeAOH, KOTOpbiH ero ccpOpMHpOBaA (H HCKaAe"'HA), CKa3aA 0 HeM s .ltHBape 1711 ro~a: «OH 6oAbllle scero 3aHHT 6ecnAO~HbiM )'M22 CTBOBaHHeM, KOTopoe HH K "'eM}' He npHBo~HT» ~ . Ho cMepTh MoHceHbopa nocrasaAa repuora Eyp~cKoro nepe~ 6o.hhlllHMH o6.lt3aHHOCT.liMH, H, Ka3aAOCb, OH OT 9TOfO B03MY)KaJI.. 'tJepe3 MeCHI.l llOCAe CMeprn OTUa (To eCTb MoHceHbopa. - llpUMe'l/,. nepee.) MapKH3 ~e Cyprn TaK rosopHA o CbiHe: «C p~OCTbiO CMOTpeAH Ha HacAe~HHKa, KOTOpbm pa60TaA ue.hbte ~HH c reHepaAbHbiM K08TpOAepoM ,lJ;eMape H rocy~apcrseHHbiM ceKpeTapeM Bya3eHOM, "'T06ht KaK MO)KHO 97 rAy6)Ke BHHKayTh B ~eAa>> • KoHe"'HO, qepe3 HeCKO.hhKO AeT nocAe TaKOfO HHTeHCHBHOfO o6yqeHH.lt BTOpOH HaCAe~HHK 6bi.A 6bi rOTOB K TH)f(eAOH HaCAe~crseHHOH o6.lt3aHHOCTH. KopoAb B ::rroM y6e)K~aACH Ka)K~biH ~eHb. Co6biTH.lt )Ke, H 3TO Mbl 3HaeM, paspyrnHAH 3TH Ha~e~bl.

0 cMepTa MoHceHbopa, KOTOpbm o6emaA craTb seAHKaM KopoAeM, oco6eHHo CO)KaAeA Hapo~. Tenepb )Ke, Kor~a He CTaAO H repuora Eyp~cKoro, «npocsemeHHhxe» YMbi e~aHo~yrnao npHHHMaiOT o"'eHb 6AH3KO K cep~uy Hec"'aCTbH KopoAescrsa, AHllleHHoro nep<:neKTHBbi npasAeHH.lt cospeMeHHbiM TeAeMaKOM. eHeAOH rmrneT: «focno~b ~y MaeT HHa"'e, "'eM AIO~H. OH paspyrnaeT TO, "'TT oa, Ka3aAOCb, c03~aA cne!lHa.hbHO ~ csoii CAaBbi»36• A BOT CAoBa aK~eMHKa ,l);aa)Ko: «C ero cMepTbro yrneA Ca.Mbm M}'~pbm H caMbm Ha60)J(HbxH Kopo.hb, KOTopbm Kor~a-AH6o 6biA Ha csere»; MapKH3hi ~e Aa.M6ep: «'t!ero TOAbKO ae ~aAH OT 6y~ymero KOpOAH, KOTOporo BOCTIHTaAH B 6AarOpO~HOM ~y xe H HayqMAH, KaK orpCI.HH'IHBaTb cnpase~AHBo BAaCTb>>50 MAR MaprnaAa ~e Tecce: «PyKa focno~a onyCTHAacb Ha Hac>>, noXHI.UaJI y <l>paHIJ.HH «KopoAH, ~o6po~ere.hh KOToporo no~asaAa TaKHe 6o.hhi.IIHe a~e~bi». BpeMH HaM noMorAo noHHTh, "'TT 3TH CAosa co6oAe3HOBaHH.lt He 6hiAH ~ TaK cpaAbliiHBbi. 3.hhte reHHH Aro~osm<a XN, PYKOBO~crso Basi.IIHeCH HK06br 6AarHMH Ha.MepeHH.ltMH, )'MepAH ~o Hero: repuor ~e lllespe3 s 1712 ro~y, repuor ~e EosH.hhe B 1714 ro~y, eHeAOH s 1715 ro~y. Tenepb noqeMY 6br repuory Eyp~cKOM}' He craTb xopoI.IIHM npasHTeAeM, OKyayBI.IIHCb B pea.hbayro )f(H3Hb rocy~apcrsa noCAe TOrO, KaK npeKpaTMAOCb ~aBAeHHe Ha Hero ~eOAOfOB? CAe3bi Aro~OBHKa XN npao6peAH ropbKHH sKye. CTapbiH Moaapx nOTepHA He TOAbKO BHYKa, rop.!No AI06HMoro, HeCMOTpH Ha ero

690

r AABA XXVIII

He,nocranm. OH BHA:HT, Ka.K )'Mem.rnaercH '~Y'Th AH He KaJK,nhrii .neHb CnHCOK HaCAe,ll;HHKOB no npHMOH AHHHH. 8 MapTa )'MHpaeT TpeTHH .no¢HH, repuor EperoHCKHH, B B03pacre nHTH AeT: OH 6biA HaCAe,ll;HHKOM TOAhKO 19 ,ll;Heii! Her HH'iero ne'iaAbHee cMepTH oqaposaTeAhHOro MaAeHbKoro MaAb"'HKa. 17 MapTa Ma.ll:aM EAH3asera-IllapAoTTa nHrneT: «B"'epa MeHH 3aCTasHAa nAa.KaTb MaAeHbKM co6a'IKa .no<PHHa. De,ll;HOe )I(H80THOe B30lliAO Ha B03Bbi1UeHHe B ,nOMOBOH uepKBH (BepcaAH) H Ha'iaAO HCKaTb CBoero X03HHHa B TOM MeCTe, f,ll;e OH, MQNICb, nOCAe,ll;HHH pa3 CTaHOBHACH Ha KOAeHH»87 • 24-ro OHa 3anHCaAa: «B CBHTM CBHTbiX (TO eCTb B Ka6HHeTe KOpoAH) MHOfO fOBOpHAH 0 npolliAbiX ,ll;eAaX, HO HH CAOBa He CKa3aAH 0 HaCTOSIIUHX - HH 0 BOHHe, HH o MHpe. :SoAbrne He rosopHT HH o rpex HaCAe,ll;HHKax, HH o repuorHHe H3 crpaxa HanOMHHTb 0 HHX KOpOAIO. Kat< TOAbKO OH Ha'iHHaeT 06 3TOM fOBOpHTb, H nepeBO:>Ky pa3rOBOJ2 Ha .ll:pyryiO TeMY H 87 .ll:eAaiO TaK, KaK 6y.nro H He pacCAhiWaAa» • 8Ta npHHuecca Il¢aAbUCKaH ropa3.ll:O KpaCHBee .ll:JlliOH, 'ieM TeAOM, H ,ll;eAHKaTHee, 'ieM MOfAH 6bi nO,ll;)'MaTb no HeKOTOpbiM MeCTaM H3 ee nepenHCKH. KopoAb He nepecraer .ll:)'MaTb o6 9THX HcnbrraHHHX. Bo speMH 6ece.nbr B 1712 ro.ny c BHAAapoM, KOTOPOMY OH .nosepHA csoro nocAe.ll:HIOIO apMHIO, Aio.noBHK XIV scnoMHHaeT - Ka.K Mhi su.a:eAH - o rpex HeBOCnOAHHMbiX nOTepHX, noCAe,ll;OBaBWHX - «"'eMY MaAO npHMepOB»- .npyr 3a .npyroM. KopoAb B 9TOM BHA:HT nepcr cy.ll:h6hr H rosopHT MaprnaAy: «focnO,ll;b MeHH Ha.Ka3bffiaeT, H 9TO 3aCAy:>KHA, HO OCTaBHM Harne rope OnAaKHBaTb HalliHM ,ll;OMO'ia,ll;UaM H nOCM~HM, 'iTO 295 MO:>KHO c.neAaTh, TI06br npe.nynpe.ll:HTb 6e.nhx rocy.napCTBa» • Ho HcnhrraJ:IWI ewe He OKOH"'eHbi. 16 anpeAH 1713 ro.na )'MHpaer s BepcaAe repuor AAaHcOHCKHH, MAa,ll;eHeu, KOTOPOMY 6biAO scero TpH He,ll;eAH, CbiH repuora EeppHikKoro. 14 MM 1714 ro.na )'MHpaeT so .nsopue MapAH KapA <l>paHuy3cKHii, repuor E eppHHCKHH, MAa.ll:lliHH 6paT repuora BypryH.ll:CKoro H <l>HA.Hnna V. «0H )'Mep, - 'iHTaeM s 3anHCHX MapKH3a .ne ,ll;aH:>KO, - npo.neMoHcrpHposas 6o.hhwyro croiiKOCTb H peAHfH03HOCTb»26 • ,ll;o CaMOfO nocAe,ll;Hero MOMeHTa crapbiH KOpOAb He MO:>KeT 6b1Tb ysepeH, 'iTO KaparomaH pJKa focnO,ll;a He onyCTHTcH eme pa3 Ha.ll: ero .ll:OMOM. B anpeAe 1713 ro.na MapwaA .ne Tecce nHweT npHHuecce ,ll;e3ropceH: «A Harn .noporoii MaAeHbKHH HaCAe.ll:HHK, e,ll;HHCTBeHHbiH nOTOMOK "'HCTbiX KOpOAeBCKHX KpOBeH, pac101 TeT, H, Mbl Ha,ll;eeMCH, focnO,ll;b HaM ero COXpaHHT» • ,lJ;eHCTBHTeAbHO, nO'iTH Bee 6y.ll:ymee ,ll;HHaCTHH, KaJKeTCH, ,ll;ep:>KHTCH Ha xpynKHX nAe'iax "'eTBepToro HaCAe.ll:HHKa - Aio.nosHKe, repuore AH)I(yHCKOM (6y.nymeM Aio.nosHKe XV). OH po.ll:HACH 15 ¢espaAH 1710 ro.na. CMepTH, JHeClliHe .npyr 3a .npyroM scex npHHUeB, noseprAH B ~ac aero <l>paHUHIO. MHorne sepHAH B orpasAeHHH. HeKOTOpbre 6paAH Ha ce6H CMeAOCTb no.no3pesaTb, .ll:aJKe o6sHHHTb wenoToM <l>HAmma II OpAeaHcKoro, 6y.nymero pereHTa, KOToporo Ka:>K.ll:M KOH'iHHa npH6AH:>KaAa K KopoHe. KopoAh ycroHA nepe.n HcKyrneHHeM o6sHHeHHH csoero nAeMHHHHKa. Ho OH He ycroHT nepe.ll: HcKyrneimeM socnoAh30BaTbcH csoHM KOpoAeBCKHM npasoM. B 1714 ro.ny Mbl ysu.a:HM, Ka.K OH

11CIThiTAHIDI, OIIII1EKI1, HA,l(E)K.ll;bl

691

Hap)'UIHT ~HHaCTH'lecKlfli ycras, Ka.K OH 6y~er IlbiTaTbejl H3MeHHTb OCHOBHOH 3a.KOH HaCAe~osaHIDJ: -rpoHa. Ho 9TO He 6y~er HH MeraAOMaHHeii, HH arouempH3MOM OTUa, O~a.HIDI KOTOporo 6hiAH 06MaHYJ"hl: y~pyqeHHhm Hec'IaCThJIMH, o~ep)l(HMbm aa6aroii o rocy~apCTBe, KopoAh ~HHacTHH KaneTHHrOB 3~eT B CBOHX 3a60Ta.X 0 ~HHaCTHH CAHiliKOM ~aAeKO, ~0 Ta.KOH CTeiieHH, 'ITO CTaHeT npeHe6peraTh IIpaBHAa.MH, KOTOphle IIp~aBaAH 9TOH ~HHaCTHH Ta.Koe 3Ha'IeHHe. EYAAA «UNIGENITUS»

Hec'IaCThe 'IaCTO TOAKaeT K OWH6KaM, a OIIAOlllHOCTh, B CBOIO oqepe~h, rrpHHOCHT HecqaCThe ~PYrHM· EbiAO cKaaaHo, 'ITO HHCeHHCTCKHH BOrrpoc rrpH<IHHHT 60AblllOH ymep6 9TOMY ~OArOMY KOpOAeBCKOMY rrpasAeHHIO. Ilana y~OBAeTBOpHAC$1 6bi 6yAAoii «Vineam Domini», ecAH 61>1 errHCKOIIhi <l>paHUHH He rrocMe$1AHCh HeMHoro H~ HHM, BhiHeC$1 eii o~o6peHne n rrpHIIpasHB ee raAAHKaHCKHM coycoM. 8Ta 6yAAa 60Ahllle He y~oBAeTBOp$1Aa KopoA$1. Y KOpOA$1 qysCTBa H rrpe~paccy~KH, paa Hascer~a cAO)JO{BlllHCh, He MeHjJJOTC$1. IIpnMepoM MO)KeT CAy)KHTh rrpHH$1TOe HM pellleHHe IIOCAe 1671 ro~a nOKHHYTb Hascer~a IlapmK. A ~pyrnM rrpnMepoM $1BA$1eTC.li 9TO yrropcTBo, HarrpasAeHHoe IIpOTHB yrrp.liMUeB, rrp~ep:lKHBaromHXC.li IIOAO:lKeHH.ll 0 ~eiiCTBeHHoii 6Aaro~aTH. Oreu AereAhe HHCKOAhKO He crapaeTC$1 rroMO'Ih KopoAIO aaH.l!Tb HeHTpa.hhH)'lO II03HUHIO, a, Hao6opar, YKPeiiA$1eT ero s yrrp$1MCTBe. M~aM ~e MeHTeHOH, KOTOPa$1 rro-rrpe:lKHeMY so see BMelllHBaeTC$1 H rro-rrpe:lKHeMY HrpaeT poAh «Marepn I.J;epKBH», 6ecrrpecraHHo coKpYlllaeTC$1 o TOM, 'ITO y Ilop-PojJAjl coxpaH.lleTC$1 Ta.Koe 60AhlllOe BAH.liHHe. B 1707 ro~y oHa rosopHAa o~HOH H3 ~aM CeH-cnpcKoro ~oMa: «O'IeHh rre'IaAbHO, ysepjJJO sac, B~eTh, KaK HHceHH3M Ha6HpaeT CHAy: OH pacrrpocrpaH.lleTC$1 IIO BCeMY KOpOAeBCTBY H rrpoHHKaer IIO'ITH so see MOHaCThipH»66 • Heso3MO:lKHO 6hiAO A)"lllle BhipaaHTh, KaK HeBeAHKo 6hiAO BAH.liHHe 6yAAhi «Vineam Domini». A rroKa KopoAh rroo6emaA Ilarre, 'ITO c~eAaeT BhirOBop errHcKorraM H HcKopeHHT HHCeHH3M. OH npHHY~HA Kap~HHaAa ~e Hoaii.ll HaiiHcaTb s PnM IIHChMO c o6'h$1CHeHH.liMH H H3BHHeHH.liMH no rroso~y AccaM6AeH 1705 ro~a; HO OH He MO:lKeT rroMelllaTh TOMY :lKe 'apXHerrnCKorry 6ecKoHe'IHO pacrrpocrpaH.l!Th «HpasCTBeHHhie paaMhilllAeHH.ll» arua KeHeA$1. A ne3YHTCKHe nmpHrn, KOTOphie IIAeAH AeTeAhe H eHeAOH, K 1710 ro~y paclllaThmaiOT asropHTer Kap~HHaAa. IIocAaHHe, IIO~IIHCaHHOe (HO He COCTaBAeHHOe) eiiHCKOIIaMH rOpO~OB AJocOH H AapollleAh, oTIIe'IaTaHHoe s IlapH:lKe H ocy:lK~aromee rrpoHase~eHne KeHeA$1, 6hiAO rrpHKoAOTo ~a:lKe Ha ~sepH ~sopua Kap~HHaAa ~e HoaH$1. 8To oaHa'IaAO o6'h$1BAeHHe BOHHhi r Aase rrapH:lKCKOH I.J;epKBH. PHM rroa~pasA$1eT eiiHcKorros, HaHeCWHX «OcKop6AeHHe». AJo~OBHK :lKeAaeT IIOA)"'HTh OT apXHeiiHCKOna IlapH:lKCKOro HOBOe ~eaasynposaHHe AccaM6AeH ~yxoseHCTBa 1705 ro~a, a y eHeAoHa (1711) OT6npaer paapellleHHe rrHcaTh, KOTOphiM «Ae6e~h KaM6pe» crpaHHhiM o6pa30M IIOAh30BaAC$1. Kor~a CTaAO H3BeCTHo, 'ITO ~yxos-

692

f AABA XXVIII

HHK KopoNI - oprauMaaTop eiUlcKoncKoii rpasAH nponm 11.e Hoa.ful:, Ero BeAH'Iecrno ronac )Ke CTCU\. ua cropoH)' Kapll.MHCU\.a, uo ue peWHACa: nOII.BeprH)'n, onCU\.e AereAI>e. Co csoeii cropoHbi, 11.e Hoaii, KOTOpOrO llO/I.Il.ep:lKMBCI.I\.0 «60Ah111HHCrBO KOpnopaUHH ll.yxoseucrna»216, Op/I.OHaHCOM ocyll.HA nocAa.HIDI enHCKonos ropoll.OB AapoweAb H Arocou. Buosb llO/I.TaAKHBaeMbie TOHKoii HHrpHrOH, o6a enHCKOna - llO/I.CTaBHbie AHUa, «H3BeCTHbie KaK AIO/I.H CllOKOHHbie, He3A06HBbie, He BOHHCrB)'IOUlHe, MeAaHXOAH'IHbie, 06bNHbiX CllOC06HOCTeH H 3pyll.HUHH, 60AC3HeHHbie, CKOpee po6KHe, '!eM npell.npHHM'IHBbie, ue ropa:mHe ua pa6oTe H ue cnoco6Hbie K sueprH'IHbiM 11.eH:CTBID1M»54 - npoca:T y AIOII.OBHKa XIV «paapemeHIDI o6paTHTbca: c )KCU\.06oH: K Ilane». OHH scero AHWb nOII.Il.ep)KHBCU\.H MHeHHe H uaMepeuM repuora 11.e EoBHAhe, rocy11.apcrneuuoro MHHMcrpa, <t>eueAoua, op11.eua He3)'HTOB soo6me H OTUa AeTeAhe s qaCTHOCTH. fepuor Eypryull.CKHH sp~e6uo OTHOCHTca: K Kap/I.HHCU\.Y 11.e Hoaiho H rpe6yeT, 1.JT06bi Kapll.HHCU\. /I.OKa3Cl.l\. CBOIO npasosepHOCTb, BblcrynMB nponm KHMrH KeHeNI. A apXHenHcKon BblcrynaeT nponm He3)'HTOB: OH HX He /I.OnycKaeT K npH'IaCTMIO s csoeii enapXHH. Ou 11.a)Ke nHweT KopoAIO 11 asrycra 1711 ro11.a, 'ITO AtrreAI>e He/I.OCTOHH 6b1Tb ero ll.yxosHbiM pJKOBO/I.HTeAeM. Ou OTK3.3bmaeTca: HCllOAHHTb rpe6osaHHe repuora I>ypryull.CKOro. 8TH 11.eiicrnHa: Kapll.HHCU\.a o6ocrpmoT o6crauosKy. /l,e Hoaii CAHWKOM sepHA s To, 'ITO apXHenHcKon ITapH)KCKHH 6yll.eT «Bcer11.a Cl.JHTaTbca: fAaBOH fa.AAHKa.HCKOH I.J;epKBH» M no3TOM)' OH scer11.a 6yll.eT ycrpaHBaTb ll.Bop; ou ue noiDIA, 'ITO, pe3KO o6pymHBaa:Cb Ha l.lyxOBHHKa, OH Ha.HOCHT OCKop6AeHHe CaMOM)' KOpOAIO. Aroll.OBHK XIV pewaer npH6efHYTb K nOMOUlH PHMa, 1.JT06bi HeiiTPCU\.H30BaTb Hoa.ful H npHII.aTb aua<PeMe KeHeNI. 11 Hoa:6pa: 1711 ro11.a llOCTaHOBAeHMeM KOpOAeBCKOfO COBeTa 3anpemaeTCa: npoll.a)Ka BO <l>pauUHH «HpasCTBeHHbiX pa3MbiWAeHlfii». 16-ro KopoAI> npocHT y PHMa 6yAAy, OC~aiOUl)'IO 3TO npOH3Be/I.eHHe. /l,eiicrnya: Ta.KMM o6pa30M, K seAHKOM)' y/I.OBOAhCTBHIO He3YlfTOB H YAbTPaMOHTa.HCKOH napnm, Mouapx nopbmaeT c seKosoii fCU\.AHKaHCKOH rpaAHUHeii: 11.'Arecco HanpacHo 3TO ll0/1.'-IepKHBaeT. /1,NI TOfO 1.JT06bi llO/I.TOAKnyTh Ilany BbiHeCTH TaKOe pemeHHe, HaHXpHCTHaHHeiiii1HH KOpOAh o6a:3yeTCa: npHHHrb rpe6yeMoe yAo)KeHHe H 3aCTaBHTb eM)' CAeJ.{osaTb «co sceii ueo6xOII.HMoH: nO'ITHTeAhHOCTbiO scex enHcKonos <l>paHUHH». Ilana He TaK roponHTCa:, KaK npell.nOAarCU\.OCb. OH ~e ocy/I.HA, npas11.a He O'IeHb oqmUHaAI>HO, KHHry KeueNI s 1708 ro11.y; He npmurro nosropj!Tb TaK 6bicrpo O/.lHO H TO )Ke. 011.HaKO nepsoe o~eHHe 6biAO o6UlHM H jJBHAOCb llOBO/I.OM TOAhKO /I.NI 6pese; MO)KHO 6biAO llO/I.fOTOBHTb 6yAAy H pacCTaBHTb aKUeHTbi Ha cnopHbiX nyHI<TaX· «CTCU\.H AHCTaTb KHHry "HpasCTBeHHbie pa3MbiWAeHM", 1.JT06bi OTTy11.a H3BAe'Ib llOJ.{XO/I.~e npell.AO)KeHIDI>>54 • BMeCTO roro 'IT06bi H3BAe'Ib WTYK ll.BaAUaTb 'IeTKHX UHTaT, PHM so3bMeT H3 KHMrH cro O/I.HO npell.AO)KeHHe, KOTOpbie C'IliTCU\.HCb O/I.HOspeMeHHo H jJHCeHHCTCKMMH H epeTH'IecKMMH. BOT TaK Ha'ICU\.Ca: yqeHbm cnop, KOTOpbm npO/I.AHACa: 101 f0/1..

HCflhiTAHIDI, OlllHBKH, HA,llE)K,llbl

693

q ro6bi ttoifm tto 6yAAbi «Unigenitus», OC)'JKAaiOuteH KHHij' KeH~ AJI, BaTm<cuty n oHatto6HAOCb OKOAO ttByx AeT: 6yAAa «Unigenitus» 6biAa nposoarAameHa 8 ceHT.s~6p.s~ 1713 rotta H JmHAaCb .siBHOH no6~ AOH AeTeA~>e, eHeAoHa, He3YHTOB, eUHcKonos ArocoHa H AapoweAH, HO He CTOAb ytta"'HhiM ttOCTIDKeHHeM AiottoBHKa XIV. /J.o 9TOro MoMeHTa OH OCTa.BaAC.sl no OTHOWeHHlO K fuMy B t:teAHKaTHOM nOAO)KeHHH npocHTeAJI. Tenepb OH y:>~<e o6.s~aaH t:tep:>~<aTb csoe o6emaHHe: aaCTaBHTb BCeX enHCKOnOB KOpOAeBCTBa npHH.siTb nanCKyiD 6yAAy C no'ITeHHeM. BAaCTH cpo'IHo coabmaJOT B IIapH)Ke «'Ip e3BbNaHH)'IO» AccaM6AeiO ttyxoseHCTBa. Ho Ha 49 npeAaTOB tteB.siTb BMeCTe c HoaH:eM COCTaBHAH onnoamnno. IIana He nOA}"'HT ettmiOttywHoro o,no6p~ HH.sl csoeH: 6yAAe. KopoAb HaxottHTC.s~ B AO:>KHOM noAo:>~<eHHH KaK no OTHOWeHHlO K PHMy, Ta.K H no OTHOWeHHlO K CBOeMY KOpOAeBCTBy.

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694

r AABA XXVIII

Horo no e.ltHHOM)' o6paauy .ltNI scex npHXO.ltOB. ~pyrne )l(e, He npHIDIBwHe 6yAAy, 06'he,ltHHHBWHeCH BOKpyr Kap,.!tHHaAa-apXHenHCKOna IlapH)l(CKOrO, He BCe 6biAH HHCeHHCTa.MH, a HBNIAHCb B OCHOBHOM aBryCTHHUaMH, HO see 6hiAH raAAHKaHUaMH. Mx BAIDIHHe 6biAO ,ltoBOAbHO CHAbHbiM, XOTH OHH 6hiAH MaAO'iHCAeHHbi; H BCKOpe HX nO,lt,.!tep)l(aAH .ltOKTOpa Cop60HHbi, 6oroCAOBCKHH cpaKyAbTeT B PeiiMce, 60AbWHHCTBO HH3Wero .ltyxOBeHCTBa H cy,lteHCKHX H MHOrO'iHCAeHHbie npasosepHbi e KaTOAHKH. O.ltHHM H3 He npHHHBWHX 6yAAy, npHBAeKwHx BHHMaHHe so <l>paHUHH H B PHMe 6hiA AHpH-lllapAb ,lte KyaAeH, enHcKon ropo.a;a Meu, .ltBOpHHHH H3 repuorcKoro .ltOMa, H3 npecrn)l(HOH, o6WHpHOH npHrPaHH'iHOH enapXHH, aBTop sapbmoonacHoro noCAa.HIUI, COCTaBAeHHOrO 20 HIOHH 1714 ro,lta. OTseprHYB 6yAAy H HaBH3hmaeMoe naCTbipcKoe HacrasAeHHe, He npHHHMaH ,lt~e KOpOAeBCKOH rpaMOTbl OT 14 cpeBpaNI, 3TOT npeAaT peWaeTCH ony6AHKOBaTb «IlOCAaHHe H naCTbipCKOe HaCTaBAeHHe... B CB.ll3H c ny6AHKauHeii YAO)l(eHHH Ero CsHTeiiweCTBa Ilanbi OT 8 ceHTH6pn 1713 ro,lta». 8TOT TeKCT BCKOAbiXHeT BCIO L(epKOBb <l>paHUHH. HanHcaHHbm HCHbiM, H3biCKaHHbiM .ll3hiKOM, 3TOT TeKcr KyaAeHa HanoMHHaeT o BbiCKaahmaHHHX CBHToro ABryCTHHa H <l>oMbi AKsHHCKoro KaCaTeAbHO «,ltOCTaTO'iHOH 6AarO,ltaTH», He OTBepraeT nOHKI'H.ll 0 «HeBH,ltHMOH uepKBH» (uepKBH npaBe,ltHbiX), nOKa3bffiaeT OnacHOCTb nAOXO nOH.llTOro OCy)l(.lteHH.ll npe,.!tAO)l(eHHH no,lt HOMepaMH 79 - 86. 8ToT TeKCT noK~eTcn Heaym-aM «CKopee KPHTH'iecKHM onposep)l(eHHeM, 'ieM nOCA)'WHbiM npHHKrHeM 6yAAbi», H ,lt~e «O'ieHb pe3283 KOH carnpoii- no.£to6Hoii eme He 6biAO- Ha nancKoe yAo)l(eHHe» . HeHaBeCTHo, CKOAbKO )l(HTeAeH Meua nOH.HAM 9TO .ltOBOAbHO 3aMbiCAOBaToe nOCAaHHe, KOTOpOe O,ltHOBpeMeHHO «OCy)l(.ltaAO H npHHHMaAO O,ltHH H TOT )l(e TeKCT»; HO OHO BCKOpe 6f>IAO pacnpocrpaHeHO no BCeM)' KopoAescrsy; .ltOii.lt.ll .ltO OTUa AereAhe, Bbi3BaAO y Hero 'iJBCTBO OMep3eHHH, a ,ltOH,lt.ll ,11;0 KaHUAepa, Bbi3BaAO y Hero BOCXHIUeHHe. KaHUAep nepecraA noHHMaTb KOpONI c Tex nop, KaK npHHKrHe 6yAAbi «Unigenitus» pacKOAOAO crpaHJ. A AIO,~~;oBHK XIV aacrasHA llO,D;rOTOBHTb B 'iaCTHOM COBeTe TO, 'iTO CTaHeT nOCTaHOBAeHHeM OT 5 HIONI 1714 rO,D;a, no KOTOpOM)' «IlOCAaHHe H naCTbipCKOe HaCTaBAeHHe enHCKona Meua» Ha,ltO «OTMeHHTb H JHH'iTO)l(HTb, TaK KaK oao HaHOCHT ymep6 KopoAeBCKHM rpaMOTaM Ero BeAH'iecrsa, npornsope'iHT npHHKrHIO 6yAAhi, O.£to6peHHOH AccaM6Aeeii .£tyxoseHcrsa <l>paHUHH, H OCAa6NieT H ,lteAaeT 6eCCMbiCAeHHbiM OCy)l(,lteHHe KaK OWH60K, CO.lteP.)l(aii.:(HXCH B 101 npe,D;AO)l(eHHH, TaK H KHHrH, KOTOpa.ll 283 HX CO,.!tep)l(HT» . IloHwapTPeH He ilOHHMaA, BO HM.ll KaKHX npHHUHnOB CBeTCKa.ll BAaCTb MOrAa 6bi ocy,ll;HTb TOrO, KTO AHWb BOCnOAb30· BaACH CBOHMH enHcKoncKHMH npasaMH. OH 6pocHA Ha 'iawy secos csoiO OTCTaBKy. KopoAb, pewHBWHH aaTopM03HTb paasHTHe raAAHKaHCTBa H AHKBH.ltHpOBaTb KeHeAeBCKJIO Ollll03HUHIO, He BbiHOCHBWHH HH MaAeiiwero HaMeKa Ha w~ HAH aanyrnsaHHe, npHHHA 9TY oTcrasKy. 2 HIONI .ltBOp yaHaA, 'iTO ByaaeH, ocraBMCb rocy,~~;apcrseHHbiM CeKpeTapeM no BOeHHbiM ,lteAaM, nOAJ'iHA ne'iaTH <l>paHUHH H CTaA

11CI1hiTAHIDI, OIII11BK11, HMDKAJ>I

695

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XIV

rOTOBHA BTaHHe ewe 6oAee -rpeBO)l(ai.UHe /l.OKYMeHTbi, no11.

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XIV

Mor cMeAo nocrasHTh ce6JI B no11.o6Hoe ooAO)l(eHHe,

MOHapx, KOTOphm TaK XOpOUIO 3HaA roCl/1,apCTBeHHOe npaBvO H yAyqUIHA ero npeno/1,asaHHe B YHHBepcHTeTe . MoHapx, KOTOpbrn CI'OA.hKO paa npeKAOHJIAC.SI nepe11. MHeHHeM cBOHX MHHHCTPOB? MoHapx, KOTOpbrii BCer/1,a COBeTOBaAC.SI C KOMneTeHTHhiMH AIO/l.hMH, CTapa.SICh He HaB.SI3biBaTh BO '<ITO 6hi TO HH craAO CBOH H/1,eH HAH CBOH qyBCTBa? Ha 3TOT BOOpOC MO)l(HO /1,aTh MHOI'O OTBeTOB.

Ma.SI, OOCAe CMepTH rep-

UOrOB AAaHcoHcKoro, Eyp~cKoro H MoHceHhopa, CKOH'<IaAC.SI repuor EeppHHCKHH. Ma,naM 11.e MeHTeHoH o6o)l(aeT repuora 11.10 MeHa (HAH /1,eAaeT BH/1,, '<ITO 060)l(aeT, '<ITO, B CYI.UHOCTH, 0/l.HO H TO )l(e). AIOIJ.OBHK

XIV TaK)l(e

AI06HT aToro opHHua. TipHHUhi KoH/1,e H KoHTH

ero MaAO HHTepecYIOT. Ero nAeMJIHHHK, repuor OpAeaHcKHii, ero 6ecnoKOHT: OH CA.hiBeT AeHTHeM, /1,e60UIHpOM H IJ.a,)f(e BOA.hHO/l.YMUeM -

¢HAoco¢cKOM OOHHMaHHH 9Toro CAOBa; OH HaBAeK Ha ce6H CTPaHHhie 00/1,03peHH.SI BO BpeMH BOHHhl 3a HCOaHCKoe HaCAe/1,CTBO, He rOBOp.SI

~e o TOM, '<ITO Teoeph HaUienThmaiOT B KyAyapax. B AIOIJ.OBHKe roBOpHAH CKOpee qyBCTBa, 'C.IeM pa3YM·

KTO CKa,)KeT, KaKOBa 6hiAa IJ.Q-

NI qyBCTBa B aHTHnpOTecraHTCKOH H aHTHaBrycrHHCKOH nOAHTHKe TQro )l(e caMoro KopoNI? Ha Bee 9TO HacAaHBaeTc.SI ropiJ.eAHBa.SI H/1,e.SI o npeBOCX0/1,CTBe CBOero C06CTBeHHOI'O OOTOMCTBa ro, He3aKOHHOpO)l(IJ.eHHOrO, -

IJ.a,)f(e He3aKOHHQ-

y KOTOporo 60AhUie KOpOAeBCKOH Kpo-

BH, "<~eM y OOTOMKOB opHHUeB OpAeaHCKHX HAH KoHIJ.e . He 6y11.eM

696

r AABA XXVIII

Ta.K)I(e c6pacbmaTb co c'!eTos, 'ITO crapeHHe oKa3bmaeT csoe BAWIHHe. Ho Mbi .n)'MaeM, 'ITO crapbrH KopoM, 6e3ycAOBHO, 6oAee npo3opAHB, 'IeM Ka)l(eTC.a. Kru< H ero socnHTaTeAIO Ma3apHHH, KopoAIO CAyqaAocb, H He pa3, oco6eHHO s HHOCTpaHHOH noAHTHKe, .nep)l(aTb npo 3anac .nsa sapHaH'ra. H 3,llecb OH MO)I(eT y.nosAeTBOpH'I'b 3aKOHHOpO)I(.lleHHbiX, ycnOKOHTb MapKH3Y H .llyxOBHHKa, ,llaTb nOqyBCTBOBaTb CBOIO sAaCTb KoH,lle H KoHTH, c.neAaTb npe.nynpe)l(,lleHHe repuory OpAeaHCKOMY, nocrapaTbcR BhmrpaTh speMR H nonbiTaTbC.a HanpaBHTb noAHTHKY pereKrCTBa. Pa3se OH He 3HaeT, 'ITO yro.llAHBbiH napAaMeHT OTMeHHA nooqepe.nHo 3aBeiUaHH$1 ero npe.nKa reupHxa IV, a 3aTeM H ero oma J\.ro. .llOBHKa XIII? KaK MOrAo C."-Y'JHTbC.a, 'ITO y Hero, 'leThtpHa.nuaToro no C'leTY Aro.llOBHKa, HC'Ie3aiOT nOCAe TaKOfO ,llOArOfO H aBTOpHTapHOfO npasAeHHH Bee HaCAe,llHitKH H OCTaeTCJI O,llHH-e,llHHCTBeHHbiH, ,lla ewe s Ta.KOM HeCMhiillAeHOM so3pacre? TaKHe MbiCAH o.noAesaiOT noAHTHKa, o.noAesaroT cTapHKa: npo6AeMbi 3aBTPalllHero .llHJI pewaTb .npyrnM. Ha H3hiKe xpHCTHaHCKOH MOpaAH, CAerKa nepecppa3HposauHoii:, aTo 03Ha'!aeT: .a npMHHA Mepbi no cnaceHHIO csoen .llywH .llAA MHpa HHOrO, a fOCUO,llb nyCTb 3a60THTCJI 0 MOHX 6AH)I(HHX H noKpOBHTeAbCTBYeT <l>paHUHH! A noKa .l\.IO.zlOBHK o6'bHBAJieT csoMx .nsyx He3aKoHuopo)l(,lleHHhiX CbiHOBeH B03MO)I(HbrMH HaCAe,llHHKaMH (3.llHKT OT HIOA$1 1714 ro.na) H .naeT HM THTYA npHHUeB KpOBH (.lleKAapauH.a OT 23 MaJI 1715 ro.na), BBO,llHT HX B COBeT, KOTOpbm npe.nycMaTPHBaeTCJI .llAJI nepHo.na PereHTCTBa (3asewauHe OT 2 asrycra 171 4 ro.na). &ro noCAe,llHee peweHHe He BhiXO.llHT 3a o6bi'IHbie paMKH KopoAeBCKHx npas. ,D;sa .npyrnx uapywaiOT 3aKOHhi KopoAeBcTBa. 3a.KOH 0 HaCAe,llOBaHHH, KOTOpbiH yt<a3bmaeT KOpOA.a no npasy, HBAJieTc.a .neHCTBHTeMHo no'IHTaeMbrM, cooTBeTCTByeT cso.ny nocraHOBAeHHii: o6bNHoro npasa H HenpHKOCHoseHeH. OH co6MpaeT soe.nHHO HeCKO.hbKO HeOCnOpHMbiX npHHUHnOB: npHHUHll HaCAe,llOBaHHJI, npHHUHn nepsopo.ncrsa, npHHUHn HaCAe.nosaHH.a no MY)I(CKOH H no 60KOBOH AHHHH, npHHUHil HeB03MO)I(HOCTH HCnOM30BaHHJI KOpOHbl no AH'IHOMY yCMOTPeHHIO MOHapxa, npHHUHn npeeMCTBeHHOCTH; HaKOHeU, npHHUHn, KOTOPOMY HenpeMeHHo H)?KHO CAe.nosaTb: npHHUHU npHHa,llAe)I(HOCTH K KaTOAH'IeCKOH peAHrHH120• Heso3MO)I(HOCTb HCnoM30BaHH.a no AH'IHOMY ycMOTPeHHIO MOHapxa KOpOHbl ¢pa.HI.lHH 3TO 6Aaropo.nHhm o6bl'laH, o KOTOpOM Aro.nosHKy XIV 6biAO H3BecrHo. B 1667 ro.ny s csoeM «TpaKTaTe o npasax KopoAeBbi», o6ocHOBhisaroweM 3HaMeHHToe npaso HaCAe.nosauH.a no crapWHHcrsy, 3TOT MOHapx nO,llnHCaA CAe,llyiOIUHH TeKCT, B KOTOpOM He 6hiAO H TeHH .llBYCMbiCAeHHOCTH: «0CHOBHOH 3aKOH rocy.napCTBa ycrauasAHBaeT B3aHMHyiO H Be'IHyiO CBJ13b Me)l(.lly MOHapXOM H ero nOTOMKaMH, C O,llHOH CTOpOHbi, H nO,ll,llaHHbiMH H HX UOTOMKaMH - C .llpyroif, nyTeM csoero po.na KOKrpaKTa, KoTOpbm npe.nHa3Ha'laeT MOHapxy ynpasAJITb, a Hapo.naM - nosHuosaTbC.a. HH o.nHa H3 cropoH He MO)I(eT caMa no ce6e H no CBoeMY AH'IHOMY ycMOTPeHHIO OCB060,llH'I'bCH OT CTO.hb TOp)l(eCTBeHHO npHHJITOfO o6.a3aTe.hbCTBa, no KOTOpOMY OHH o6H3bl-

HCfThiTAHllil, OWlli>lill, HA,l{E)K,l(hl

697 144

Ba.AHCb noMoraTh ~pyr ~pyry H B3aHMHo carpy~HH'IaTb» • KopoAb, CAe~osaTeAbHO, He HMeeT npasa pacnoAaraTb I<opoHoH no csoeMy AHqHoMY ycMarpeHHlO. Ha~aBaJI 9~HKT B HIOAe 1714 ro~a, no I<OTOpoMY MOfAli 6bl 6hiTb npH3BaHbl «I< HaCAe~OBaHHlO I<OpOHbi repuor ~IO MeH H rpacp T yAyaci<HH H HX nOTOMI<H no MY)l(CI<OH AHHHH B CAyqae OTCYTCTBHR npHHUeB I<posH»20\ Aio~oBHI< XIV 1714 ro~a scrynaeT B npOTHBOpeqHe C qeCTHbll'vl H BeCbMa I<OMlleTeHTHbiM lOpHCTOM Alo~OBHI<OM

XIV 1667 ro~a.

llOAO)l(eHHR TOfO )l(e CaMOfO HIOAbCI<OfO 9~HI<Ta HapyrnawT Tai<)l(e H npHHUHn I<aTOAHUH3Ma. llo 9TOMY npHHUHUY «HacAe~HHI< ~OA)l(eH 6blTb po)l(~eH OT 6pai<a, I<aHOHHqeci<H 6eaynpeqHoro» 120 • A se~b Aio~OBHK He 6blA HHI<or~a )l(eHaT Ha ATeHaHc ~e Powewyap. EoAee Taro, s TOT MOMeHT, I<or~a po~HAHCb repuor ~IO MeH H rpacp TyAyaci<m1:, e~liHCTBeHHbiM KaHOHH'ieCI<H 6eaynpeqHbiM 6pai<OM, I< I<OTOpOMY MO)l(HO 6blAO OTHeCTH 9TH ~lOAbTepHbie po~bl, 6blA 6paK, CBR3bmaiOIUHH nepe~ EoroM rocno~HHa H rocno)l(y ~e MoHTecnaH. 11 TeM He MeHee napAaMeHT aaperHcrpHpOBa.A cosepweHHO He3ai<OHHbrH 9~HKT. KoHeqHo, M~aM EAHaaBera-IIIapAOTTa OTMeqa.Aa, ~o y)l(e cyruecrnyer ~OBOAbHO npo~aJI CBR3b Me~y nepBOH H BTOpOH ceMbeH Ero BeJ\HqeCTBa H coa~aerc.s~ B~HMOCTb, ~o OHH o~Ha e~HHCTBeHHaJI ceMbR. Mo)l(HO noAaraTh, ~o no~~aHHbie KopoNi, npHBbii<WHe BOCXHI.UaTbC.SI H nOBHHOBaTbC.SI, HHTepeCOBaAHCb OCHOBHbiMH 3ai<OHaMH Kai< npOWAOfO~HHM CHefOM, Tai<OB 6blA AefKOMbiCAeHHbiH Bbmo~ 9pHecra AasHcca. Ho HeAb3.H ce6e npe~crasHTh, ~ 6bi 50 000 npocpeccHOHaAbHbiX IOpHCTOB, cy~bH scex cy~os, 80 ~o I<A~qHI<os B focy~apcrneHHOM COBeTe, 30 rocy~apcrneHHbiX COBeTHHKOB H 6 MHHHCTpOB He 3aMeTHAH HapyrneHHR, ~onycKaeMOfO 9THM KopoAesciGIM aKTOM. A ~o rosopHTb o ~eKAapauHH OT 23 MaJI 1715 ro~a? 0Ha npoTHBogeqHT norosopKe «llpHHUeM I<posH po)l(~a IOTC.H, a He CTaHOBRTC.SI» 1 • CeH-CHMOH 6y~er Henpas, KOf~a 6y~er conpOBO~aTb CBOH BbiCI<a3bma:Hllil 0 «He3ai<OHHOp0)l(~eHHbiX» TOAbKO pyraTeAbHbiMH CAOBaMH. Ho OH 6y~er a6coAIOTHo npas, KOr~a 6y~eT B03MyruaTbC.SI Tai<HM HapyrneHHeM cppaHUY3CKHX 3ai<OHOB. 3asew:aHHe KopoNi Tai<)l(e He Bb~ep)l(H8a.AO I<PHTHI<H. ByaaeH, HOBbiH I<aHUAep, llOMOf npoBeCTH ero B )l(H3Hb B TOT )l(e CaMbiH HlOAb Mec.s~u 1714 ro~a, I<OTOpbm oaHaMeHOBa.A co6oii 6Aaropo~Hhm yxo~ lloHIIIapTPeHa. B socKpeceHbe, 29-ro, nepsbm npea~eHT ~e MeM H reHepaAbHbiH npoi<ypop ~ 'Arecco 6biAH Bbi3BaHbi YTPOM B MapAH «no noBo~y qpeaBbl'IaHHO Ba)l(Horo ~eAa»26 • KopoAb nopyqHA HM ~o6HTbCR 6eaorosopoqHoH perncrpaUHH HIOAbCKoro 9~HKTa; perncrpaUHR cocro&MCh 2 asrycra, Kor~a repuor ~IO MeH H rpacp TyAf3CKHH 6biAH npHHRThi B napAaMeHTe co sceMH noqecrRMH, OKaabmaeMbiMH npHHUaM I<posH (erue ~o TOro, I<ai< HM 6blA no)l(a.AOBaH 9TOT TJiTYA), B npHCYTCTBHH repuora Eyp6oHcKoro H npHHUa ~e KoHTH, I<OTOpbte nporAOTHAH, He KOAe6.1Vlcb, STY ropbi<YlQ nHAIOAIO. £CTb ocHOBa:Hllil ~YMaTh, ~o Aio~oBHI< XIV Tai<)l(e roBopHA c HHMH o aaseruaHHH. 9To TaiiHoe aaseruaHHe, HanHcaHHoe ueAHI<oM PYKOH aaseruaTeNi,

698

r AABA XXVIII

«enpJITa.HHoe aa eeMbiO neqaTRMH», 6y.AeT enyeTR TPH He,AeAH .AOBepeHo TOH )Ke eaMoii BbieoKoii a,AMHHHcrpaTHBHo-ey.Ae6Hoii BAaeTH H npe,ACTaBAeHO «B Ka.HUeARpHIO napAaMeHTa, 3aAO)KeHO B HHwy KaMeHHOH CTeHbi, 3aKpbiT)'lO )KeAe3HOH ,ABepbiO H oropO)KeHHYIO )KeAe3HOH pemeTKOH, "'TT6bi HeB03MO)KH0 6biAO K HeH llO,llOHTH. ~epb HHlliH 6y.AeT 3aKpbrra Ha TP" paaHbiX 3aMKa; KAIO"' OT nepsoro 3aMKa 6y.AeT HMeTb nepsbm npe3H.AeHT, KAIO"' OT sroporo 3aMKa 6y.AeT y reHepaAbHOro npoKypopa, KAIO"' OT TPeTbero 3aMKa xpaHHTeR y nepsoro eeKpeTap$1 napAaMeHTa» 26 • B TO )Ke eaMoe speM$1 6biA e,Aa.H Ha xpaHeHHe eme O.AHH roey.AapCTBeHHbm 9.AHKT, ,AaTHposaHHhm asryCTOM 1714 ro,Aa, HanHeaHHbiH B BepeaAe. B HeM rosopHAoeh, "'TO KopoAb B aasema.HHH npe.AyeMorpeA opra.HH3aumo 6y.Aymero pereHTCTBa Ha speMR MaAOAeTCTBa ero npasH)'Ka H 3apa.Hee no,Ao6paA pereHTeKHH eOBeT. «Mbi C"'HTaeM TeM He MeHee, HCXO,ll$1 H3 ,Ao6pb1X H npaBHAbHblX C006pa)KeHHH, "'TT He CTOHT npH,AasaTh r AaeHOCTH npe)K.lleBpeMeHHO Bbi60p TeX AHU, KOTOpblX Mbl e"'HTaeM enoeo626 HblMH BbillOAHJITb CTOAb BhieOKHe H Ba)f(Hble o6R3a.HHOCTH» • I10MHMO Beero npoqero 9To 3asemaHHe, xpa.HHMOe B 6oAhmoii TaHHe, HO KOTOpoe MHOrne COBpeMeHHHKH MOl'AH llO"'TH llOAHOCTbiO BOCCTa.HOBHTh, npHAO)KHB eaMyiO MaAOCTb YMa H HenoAh30Bas .AoBOAhHO llOAHYIO HHcpOpMauHIO, H.AymyiO OT npH,ABOpHbiX, llO,ATBep)K,llaAO HIOAbeKHH 9,AHKT. «Mbl XOTHM, "'T06bi llOAO)KeHHR, eo,Aep)KaIUHeeR B HallieM 9,llHKTe OT HIOA$1 MeeRUa 9TOI'O ro,Aa, B ll0Ab3Y repuora .AIO MeHa H rpacpa TyAy3eKoro 6hiAH BhmOAHeHbi BO seeM 061>eMe BO Bee BpeMeHa H "'T06bl HHKOI',Aa He 6hiAO HapyrueHO TO, 0 144 qeM Mhi 3a}IBHAH, TaKOBa Hama BOAR» • PereHTeKHH eoBeT, KOTOpbm 6biA npe.AycMorpeH, .AOA)KeH 6biA BKAIO"'aTh repuora OpAeaHCKoro B Ka"'eCTBe rAaBhi coBeTa, a TaK)Ke repuora Eyp6oHeKoro (no .AOCTH)KeHHH HM eosepmeHHOAeTHR), repuora .AIO MeHa, rpacpa TyAy3eKoro, Ka.HUAepa, r AaBY KOpOAeBeKOrO eOBeTa cpHHa.HeOB, roey,AapCTBeHHbiX eeKpeTapeif, reHepaAbHOI'O KOHT{)OAepa, HaKOHeU, MaplliaAOB ,Ae BHAbpya, .A'ApKypa, .A'IOKeeAAR, ,Ae BHAAapa H ,Ae TaAAapa. ~IO MeH ,llOA)KeH 6biA CAe,AHTb «3a 6e30naeHOCTbiO, OXpa.HOH H BOellHTa.HHeM» MOAO,AOI'O KOpOAR, a KaK TOAbKO HacrynHT ,AeHh eMepTH 3aBeiUaTeAR, BOeHHOe Be,AOMCTBO ,ll0A)KH0 llOAHOCTbiO nepeifTH B llO,ll"'HHeHHe K repuory. Bee ,AeAa .AOA)f(Hbl 6y.Ayr pemaTbeR B eOBeTe «60AhlliHHCTBOM roAoeoB», a repuor OpAea.HeKHH 6y.AeT HMeTh, B CAyqae paa.AeAa MHeHHii, npaso pemaromero roAoea. TeopeTH"'eeKH see Mepbt npe.Aocropo)KHOeTH 6biAH npHHJITbi, "'T06bi orpaHH"'HTb H K08TpOAHpOBaTb llOAe ,AeJITeAbHOeTH, OTBe,AeHHOe <l>HAHnny OpAeaHeKoMy. Ha ,AeAe 9TOT TeKCT oqeHb noxo)K Ha TeKeT 3asemaHH$1 Aro.AOBHKa XIII, KOTopoe TaK )Ke eKOBaAO .AeiieTBH$1 AHHbi AseTPHHeKOH pereHTeKHM eoBeTOM, o "!eM aBTOP eero 3aBeiUaHH$1 He MOl' He llO.AYMaTb. 8TO llO,llTBep)K,AaeT MbiCAb, "'TO y KOpOAR He 6hiAO HHKaKHX HAAI03HH OTHOeHTeAbHO 6y.AymerO eBOHX npO)KeKTOB.

HCilhiTAHIDI, Ol.I.II1EKI1, HAADI<Abl

699

PECYPChi BEAMKOH CTPAHhi

11oCAe nepe'iHCAeHWI Ta.Koro KO.hH'leCTBa HCnhrramrn, -rpaypos, 6)'liTOB, TPY~Hocreii no TJ>ClAHUHH H)?KHO 6biAO 6hr 3a.KOH"lHTh pacCKa3 o npaB.MHHH H :lKH3HH .1\.ro~osHKa XIV ~aJI<e He npocro rpycrHoli, a MpaqHoii, ~a:lKe 3Aosemeii HOTOH. Mo:lKHo 6biAO 6br no~YMaTh, 'IHTCUI HeKOTOpbiX aBTOpOB, 'ITO B CaMOM KOHUe uapCTBOSaHWI J\.ro~OBHKa XIV, Ha.KaayHe ero 6oAe3HH H cMepTH see s sblcmeli creneHH He cra6HAI>Ho, Ha6AIOI(aeTcH 6po:lKeHHe YMOs, qysCTByeTCH anaTHH s cpe~e rocyl(apCTBeHHhiX CAY)KaJ.UHX H s apMIDIX, o~oAesaeT HHI.UeTa s nposHHUHHx. K no~o6HOMY npeyse.hH'leHHIO 3aHBAeHHli H onHcaHHli, Ka:lKeTCH, 'IHTaTeAH OTHOCHTCH CfiOKOHHO, HX Ta.K:lKe He CMYJ.UaeT 6yM o6orameHWI, KOTOpbiH npOHBAHeTCH SO speMeHa pereHTCTBa, Ka.K 6y~TO 3TOT 6YM 3apo~HACH CfiOHTaHHO. B ~eHCTBHTeAbHOCTH KopoAeBCTBO .1\.ro.l(OSHKa ~\T He pa3opeHo (3a HCKAIO'ieHHeM ero rocy~apCTBeHHblX cpHHaHCOB), He S THCKax, H eMY Heqero CTJ>aiDHThCH 3a csoe 6y~ymee. Y36eK H3 «11epc~CKHX nHCeM» MoHTeCKbe, ocMaTJ>HBCUI 11apH)K s nepHo~ Me:lKI(Y YTJ>eXTCKHM H PaWTaATCKHM MHpoM, He 3aMeTHA TOM anaTHH, cMHpeHHOCTH HAH 3(1AaBAeHHOCTH S KOHUe CTOAb ~OArOro uapCTBOSaHWI J\.ro~OSH Ka XIV, o KOTOpoii HaM co'IHHHAH AereHI(y, H 3anHcaA cosepweHHO npoTHBonoAO:lKHhre sneqaTAeHWI: «B 11epcHH y AIO~eii paAOCTb He Bblpa:lKeHa Ha AHUe Ta.K, Ka.K y AIO~eH SO <l>paHUHH: y HaWHX AIO~eH He Ha6AIO~aeTcH TOM cso6o~hl MbrWAeHWI H Ta.Koro y ~osAeTBopeHHo 77 ro B~a, Ka.K y :lKHTeAeli scex coCAosHli H paaros so <l>paHUHH» • A se~h TOT, KTO ~ep)KHT s PYKe nepo nepca, He KTO HHOH Ka.K npe3H~eHT ~e MoHTeCKbe, KOTOphm He 6oHTCH noAh30BaTbcH OCTJ>HeM CSOeH KpWrHKH: OH fiHWeT Ta.K SO speMeHa pereHTCTBa H MOr 6bi 6e3 scHKoro pHcKa onHcaTb see s 6oAee Mpa'iHhiX KpacKax. <l>paHUWI 1715 ro~a CTaAa TeppHTOpHaAbHO 60AbWe, Ayqme 3aI.UHI.UeHa H eif Aer'ie 3ai.UHI.UaThCH: ~0 pesOAIOUHH HH O~HO rocy~ap CTBO He ocMeAHAOcb Ha Hee HanaCTb. Bh~SHayTble snepe~ YKPenAeHHhie ropo~a, KaK <l>HAHnnsHAI>, MapHeH6yp, CaapAYH, AaHI(ay H ~pyrne (Hecp-Bpeii3ax H lOHHHreH), 6YKSaAbHO 3anHpaiOT HaiDH rpaHHUbi, OTHbiHe "leT'ie H AOrH'!Hee npose~eHHbie H no'iTH «ecreCTBeHHbie». BAaro~apH sepHoMY Bo6aay~ KopoAIO y~aAO<:_h oKpyrAHTb csoe rocy~apCTBo H o6HeCTH ero ~SOHHhiM H ~a:lKe TJ>OHHhiM «:lKeAe3HbiM nOHCOM», KOTOpbm c~eAaA J1apH)K CaMbiM CfiOKOHHbiM H3 scex oTKpblTbiX ropo~os. HaceAeHHe KopoAesCTBa, CHAhHO fiOCTJ>aAaBWee S 1693, 1694, 1709 H 1710 ro~ax, CMOrAO onpaBHTbCH 6AarO~apH npaSHAbHOMY ynpaBAeHHIO, KOTOpoe OCHOSbffiaAOCb He TOAhKO Ha HHCTHHKTe ceAbCKHX co6CTBeHHHKos. Hapo~hi BbiCOKOH UHBHAH3au;HH, Ka.KOSbiM HBAHeTCH Haw Hapo~, pO)KaiOT ~eTeH, Ka.K TOAbKO noHBAHeTCH Ayq HaAe)KI(bl. Be3 :rroii HaAe)KI(hi HeT ~eMorpa cpH'IecKoro pocra. B ~aHHOM CAyqae aTO o6o3Ha'iaeT CAe~yromee: 1) 'ITO BORHa HaC He Ta.K HCTep3aAa, He Ta.K y6HAa, Ka.K ynep)K~aAH; 2) 'ITO He~aBHHe TPY~HOCTH (nopa:lKeHHH, HaAoroshrn npecc, an~e-

700

f AABA XXVIII

MIDI) no-HacroHmeM)' He CAOMHAH HaeeAeHHe, Kcrropoe pa6crraer, npOH3BO~HT, pa3BHBaeT Me.I\KOe X03HHCTBO, )"''HTCH H 06AaropaJKHBaeTCH 6eenpeCTaHHO B Te'leHHe ~Byx nOKOAemrn; 3) 'ITO ~MHHH crpaUIDI 6hiAa cpaKTopoM nporpeeea H 3amHThi: Mhi e~eAaAH TaKoe nyraAo H3 TaK Ha3hmaeMor o «roey~apCTBa cpHHaHeos», 'ITO Mhi He noHHMaeM 6oAhrne ueHHoCTH roii MOAo~oii, no~BH)KHOH, YMHOH, 9<1>cpeKTHBHO ~eHCTByJOIUeH «6IOp0KpaTHH», KCYI'OpyJO e03~aA H B3paeTH.I\ Aro~oBHK XIV; 4) 'ITO noMaHHble seero KopoAeBCTBa - 3a HeK.I\IO'leHHeM, KOHe'lHO, HOB006pameHHbiX B KaTO.I\H'leCTBO. enAOTH.I\Heh soKpyr craporo KopoAH. OrMeHa HaHTeKoro 9~HKTa npH6.1\H3H.I\a HX K KOpO.I\10; Hee'JaCTbH KOpOAH npH6AH3H.I\H ero K eBoHM CaMhiM MaAOHM)'IUHM no~~aHHbiM. MoMeHTOM e6AIDKeHHH 9THX ~Byx Bcrpe'IHhiX nOTOKOB, BepOHTHO, 6hiA HIOHb 1709 fO~a, KOr~a Aro~oBHK XIV 6poeHA B033BaHHe, a Hapo~ OTBeTH.I\ Ha ero npH3hm Beeo6meH M06HAH3aUHeH eBOHX eH.I\. fapMOHH'lHaH eOUHa.l\bHaH 9BO.I\IOUHH TO)I(e e~e.l\aAa esoe ~e.l\0. Hapo~ c y~oBAeTBopeHHeM OTMeTHA, 'ITO npasHTeAhCTBo c 1661 ro~a nepecraAo 6b1Tb HBHOH eo6CTBeHHOCTbiO npHHUeB H BeAhMO)I(. EAaro~apH KOpO.I\10 B Te'leHHe 60 .1\eT MO)KHO 6bi.I\O Ha6.1\10~aTb, 'ITO 3aCAyrH Bee 60.1\bllie H 60.1\bllie eOCTaB.I\HIOT KOHKypeHUHIO BbieOKOpOk HOCTH: PHKe, <t>opaH, <t>a6ep, rneBa.l\be TioAh, fa6ape, AeHOTp, )KaH Eap, Aro.i\.1\H, Bo6aH, Ko.l\b6ep, KaTHHa HB.I\HIOTeH )I(HBhiM eB~eTe.l\b CTBOM 9Toro, npMCTaB.I\HIOT eo6oii raAepero nopTpeTOB Hapo~HhiX repOeB, npe~KH KOTOpbiX He 6bl.I\H HH repUOfaMH, HH n9paMH H HHKOf~a He Y'JaCTBOBaAH B KpeCTOBhiX noxo~ax . Mo)I(Ho 6biAO Ha6.1\10~aTh, KaK yseAH'lHBaeTeH 'IHCAO aKTHBHOH 6yp)l(ya3HH, Hmymeii H HaxO~HIUeH eBOe MeCTO B eAO)I(HOH npOCAOHKe ~OAJ.KHOCTHOH 6yp)l(ya3HH. llif<e~HeBHO MO)I(HO Ha6.1\10~aTh, KaK B ropO~Kax H ~epeBHHX paCTeT H e03~aeTeH 9.1\HTapHaH ee.l\beKaH npOeAOHKa, Bee 6oAee H 6oAee npH6AH)I(aiOillaHeH K «ropo~eKOH» H Bee MeHbrne H MeHbrne noXO)I(aH Ha npoCTbiX KpeCTbHH. ECAH KTO B 9TOM yeoMHHTCH, MO)I(eT 3arAHHYTb B TapHcpbi nO~yrnHOro HaAOra 3a 1695 ro~ H nopasMhilii.1\HTb H~ HHMH. TaM OH ys~HT, 'ITO eymeCTBoBaAO 569 pa3AH'lHbiX eOUHa.l\bHblX npoeAOeK. Ee~Hhle KpeCTbHHe nAaTHT eme C.I\HliiKOM MHOfO Ha.I\OfOB. cho THnH'lHO cppaHUy3eKoe 3.1\o; H, KaK so seex crpaHax craporo pe)I(HMa, 9TO 3.1\0 oco6eHHO HpKO np0$18.1\HeTeH pMoM e ycroH'IHBhiMH npHBHAerHHMH (TaKHMH, KCYI'Opble Ha.I\Of KpOBblO - cppaHuy3eKaH ~o6po~e Te.l\b - onpas~aTh see )l(e He MO)I(eT). Ho 9TOM)' Hapo~y HeMHoro Aef'le OTTOfO, 'ITO ~epeBeHeKHH Be.l\bMO)I(a CYI'HbiHe TO)I(e nAaTHT KanHTaUHIO H KOpoAeBeKyro ~eeHTHey. OH He 3HaeT, KOHe'lHO, 'ITO AIO~OBHK XV H Aro~oBHK XVI coseprnaT OnAOlliHOCTb H pa30)I(MYT KanKaH e ~BOHHOH 3aiUe.I\KOH, B KCYI'Opbrn HX npe~rneCTBeHHHK TaK AOBKO 3aMaHH.I\ ~BOpHHCTBO. Ecrb, KOHe'lHO, B 9TO speMH OrpaHH'leHHH H O)l(~aHHH cpHHaHeHeThi, KOTOpbiX B~HT H.I\H Boo6paJKaiOT, KOTOpbie cymeCTByroT peaAbHO HAH np~YMaHhi H KOTOphxe pas~paJKaiOT. Ho ~ocraro'lHo, 'lT06hi

11CIThiTAHIDI, OlllMElili, HAAE~bl

701

npaSHTeAbCTBO SMeWa.AOeb, - 3'1'0 npOH30H,/:(eT S 1716 rOAy; TO )l(e e~we npH6AH3HTeAbHO npoH30WAO 6bi, eCAH 6bi AloAOSHK XIV nepe)I(HA 1715 rDA, - H see 6btcrp0 CTaHOSJITejl Ha Mecro: CAHWKOM 6oraTbiX acpepHCl'OS 3aCTaBNUOT HeeKOAbKO eHH3HTb pa3Apa)l(aiO~HH seex yposeHb esoeii )I(H3HH. 11 pasHoseeHe s o6weCTBe soecraHasAHsaeTeH. I1axap10 CTaHOSHTeH Aerqe TawHTh nAyr. He see seAHKoAenHo s noM KopoAesCTBe, KOTOpoe fpouHH CAHWKOM noeneWHo epasHHBaeT e KopoAesCTBOM foenoAa, HO eeroAHjJ HeHO - H HCTOpHqeeK~ AeMOrpacpHjJ 3'1'0 llOATBep)I(AaeT, - 'ITO 3'1'0 BOHHCTBeHHOe, peAHrH03HOe H npeo6pa30BaTeAhHOe npasAeHHe, S KOTOpOM llOA KOHeU llO?.BHAHeh HeKOTOpbie npH3HaKH Ba)I(HOCTH, eypOBOCTH H )l(eCTKOCTH, He AOA)I(HO 6b1Tb O'<lepHeHO TOAhKO llOTOMY, '<ITO MHOroe B HeM 6bJAO He fiOHjJTQ.

r A a Ba XXIX

KOPOAh YMH PAET .. . IIo'ieMy BI>J 11Aa'ie-re? B1>1 JzyMaA.H, 'ITO a 6eccMepTeH? .H TaK o ce6e HHKOrAa He AYMaA-

AIOaoeuK XIV 5I Haxo)Ky, 'iTO Ero BeAH'IeCTBo Kopo..u. 61>Ih 6oAee BeAHKHM B CMepTH, 'ieM B )KH3HH.

Maaa.M E.A.usaeema·IIIap.Aomma, npunyecca

fl~a.A.'biJCKaJl

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Kopne..luo EenmU6M'bO

B BOCKpeceHbe 25 asrycra 1715 ro~a, sepH)'BlllHCb B noAHOqb B csou anap-raMeiiTbi Bepca.AbcKoro ~Bopua, sepHbrH Map KH3 ~e ~aH)I(O 3anHcaA: «Jl TOAbKO 'ITO 6biA CB~eTeAeM CaMOrO BeAHqecrBeHHOro, caMoro -rporaTeAbHoro H caMoro reponqecKoro 3peAHIUa, Koropoe AIO~H MOrAH KOr~a-AH60 B~eTb». ~Oil)'lUeHHOM)' B "lHCAe BbiClllHX ~OA)I(HOCTHbiX AHU B npHeMHbi:H 3aA KOpONI, ~aH)I(O npHlllAOCb npHcyrcrsoBaTb, B HeCKOAbKHX Me-rpax OT KOpOAeBCKOrO AO)I(a, npH caMOM ne"la.AhHOM npa3~HOBaHHH ~IDI Cs.srroro Aro~oBHKa, KOTopoe TOAbKO MO)I(HO 6biAO ce6e npe~craBHTb: npa3~HHK, KOTOpbrH 6biA OTKpbiT yrpeHHHM 6apa6aHHbiM 6oeM, 3aKOH"JHACR u epeMOHHeH npek cMepTHoro npuqameHMR u co6oposaHueM. CTapbm KopoAb, TaK )l(e KaK H ero caMbie CKpOMHbie llOMaHHbie, XOTeA OKOHqHTb CBOH ~HH KaK ~o6pbrn xpucruaHuH, B cnoKoiicrsuu " 6Aaroqecrun. OH npoRBNIA npu 3TOM "l)'BcrBO He)I(HOCTH H ~eAHKaTHOCTH, KOTOpOe HHCKOAbKO He y~HBMAO 6AH3KHX K HeM)' AIO~eii, H cnoKoiicrsue, KOTOp oM)' MO)I(HO noyqHThcR. OH cKa3aA M~aM ~e MeHTeHOH: «R Bcer~a CAbilllaA, 'ITO TPY~Ho CMnpHTbCR co cMepTbiO; R )l(e, ~o~R ~o aToro MOMeHTa, KOTOporo "leAOBeK TaK c-rpaliiHTCR, He HaxO)I(y, 'ITO TaK ~ TPY~Ho npHIDITh 3To pe11IeHMe», a qyrh n03)1(e on ~o6aBHA: «R u~e rocb Ha MHAocep~ue focno~a»u. CsoeMY ~yxosHHKY AereAhe OH cKaaaA: «Jl )l(eAaA 6bi c-rp~aTb 60Abliie, 'IT06bi HCKynHTb CBOH rpeXH!» (HanoMHHM, 'ITO 17 HIOAR 1676 ro~a MapKH3a ~e EpeHBHAbe, noKaRBlllMCR OTJ>aBHTeAbHHUa, 3aRBHAa nepe~ CBOeH Ka3HbiO: «Jl XO"JY 6biTb CO)I()I(eHHOH 3a)I(HBO, "!TT6bJ KaK MO)I(HO AY"fllle HCKynHTb CBOH 188 rpex» • Bo speMeHa 6apoqHou ua6o)I(HOCTH HaliiH npe~KH YMeAH YM"PaTb.

KOPOAb YMH.PAET...

703

«CTAPbiE 3~ MOfYT Eh!Tb KPEITKI1Ml1, HO HE MOfYT CTATh HOBb!Mli» B 1706 ro~y Aio~osHK cnaA ewe «npH Hacre)l(h oTKphiThiX oKHax»30. B CSOH 70 .1\eT «OH He 60.IV\CR HH )l(aphi, HH XO.I\Otta, OT.I\H'IHO ce6R qy:scrsosaA s .1\106)'10 norotty»26 • Mo)l(HO ce6e npettcraBHTh no3TOMy, KaK S TO speMR, KOrtta Ha3hiBa.I\H crapHKaiDKOH llRTH,lteCRTH.1\eTHero MY)l(<tHH)' H crapueM - weCTHtteCRTH.I\eTHero42, socxHWaAHCh KpenOCThiO 3ttoposhR KopoAA. Anno ero, npastta, H36opo)l(.lteHo 87 MOpWHHaMH, HO «OH eme O'teHh xopowo Shii'.1\R,ltHT» • «KpenOCTh KQpoAA,- nHWeT B 1712 ratty MMaM tte MeHTeHOH, - acer~a nopa)l(aeT»66. Ho y KopoAA eCTh spar, KOTophrn nocrpawHee 6oAe3HH: 3To MettHUHHa! ,ll;oKTop <l>aroH 6hiA, so3MO)l(HO, KaK ysepReT Hac CeHCHMoH, «OttHHM H3 CaMhiX 6AeCTRWHX YMOS Esponhr, )l(HSO HHTepeC)'lOWHXCR seeM, 'ITO HMe.l\0 OTHOWeHHe K ero npocpeCCHH, OH 6hi.I\ se.I\HKHM 60TaHHKOM, xopoWHM xHMHKOM», ~a)l(e MaTeMaTHKOM. Ho OH, 6e3yC.I\OBHO, He 6bi.I\, 'ITO 6bi HH I'OBOpHA aBTOp «MeMYapos», «HCKYCHhiM XBpypraM, OT.I\H'tHbiM H npoCTO xopowHM ttOKTOpOM»94 . OH no~opsaA 3~oposhe csoero 3HaMeHHTOra nauHeHTa. MMaM EAH3aBeTa-IllapAoTTa ~YMaeT, 'ITO KOpOAb npmKH.I\ 6bi ewe HeCKO.I\bKO .1\HWHHX AeT, eC.I\H 61>1 «<l>aroH He tteAaA eMY TaK <tacro npoMbiBaHHH... <tacro ~oso~R era ~o Kposasoro noHoca»87. BHeWHe, ottHaKo, Kopo.l\b sbir.I\RAHT KpenKHM <teAoseKoM. Craphrn ~y6 Ka)l(eTCR HeHcKopeHHMbiM, H so <l>paHUHH 3TOMY pMhi. ~a)l(e Te, KOTOpbie C'tHTaiOT, 'ITO ero uapCTBOBaHHe HeMHOI'O 3aT$1H)'.I\OCh, llOHHMaiOT, TIO noCAe KOH'tHHhi Aio~osHKa XIV secb rpp npasAeHIDI crpaHOH .1\R)l(eT Ha ll.i\e<tH ~ocpHHa, KOTOPOMY ewe TO.I\bKO <teTbrpe ro~a. Ho 3ttoposbe Aio~osHKa XIV, KOTOphrn TaK MHoro soesaA, pa6oTaA, oxoTH.I\CR, e3,ltH.I\ sepxoM, renepb ~e CH.I\bHO no~opsauo. Ha60)l(HaR KOa.1\HI.J,Wl paao6weHHaR, HO ynopHaR - OTUa Aere.l\he H <l>paucyaabr tt'06HHhe, KOTOpaR HeycrauHo repe6HT ero Tpe6osaHHeM see speMR ttYMaTh o «cnacemm csoeii ttyum» (sMecro roro TI06hr noHRTb, TIO OHa ero TO.I\KaeT, llOCKO.I\bKY peAHrH03Hoe pseHHe MOHapxa y)l(e ttOCTHI'.1\0 csoero npetteAa, K .1\0)l(HOMY pseHHIO, TO eCTh K cpauaTH3MY H K HerepnHMOCTH), cnoco6Ha 6bi.I\a BhiBeCTH H3 cOCTORHHR pasHoseciDI ~a)l(e <teAoseKa, Haxott.snuerocR s noAHoM pacuseTe cpH3H<tecKHX CH.I\. fpycrHhie paattYMbR o 6y~ymeM ~HHaCTHH, nOCTaBAeHHOH no~ yrpo3y c Tex nop, KaK KOpO.I\b He6eCHbrH OTH.IV\ y KOpOAA <l>paHUHH CbiHa (B 1711 ratty), H BnyKa (s 1712 ratty), MOI'.I\H 6hr c~eAaTh HespacreHHKOM .l\106oro, HO TO.I\bKO He Aio~osHKa XIV. l.J:ro6br ShiHeCTH TaK)'lO HOUiy, K KOTOpOH npH6aB.I\R.I\HCb K~O~HeBHbrH Tpytt H 3a60Thi, CBR3aHHhie c ynpasAeHHeM rocyttapcraoM, ~~ 6bi.I\H csepx<te.l\ose<tecKHe MOpa.l\bHbie H cpH3H<tecKHe cH.I\bi. MaThe MoAe KaK-TO cKa3aA: «Crapbte 3~a.HHJI MOryT 6hiTb KpenKHMH, HO He MOryT CTaTh HOBbiMH»73 • AeTOM 1715 ro~a )l(H3Hh WJ\a csOHM <tepe~oM npH ttsope, nepeexasweM 12 HIOHR B MapAH. nepBhiH TpeBO)l(HbrH CHI'Ha.l\ np03B)"ia.l\

704

fAABAXXIX

9 asrycra. KopoAh sepH)'ACH «HeMHOro ycraAbiM» seqepoM, npose~H llOCAeo6e~eHHoe speMH Ha llCOBOH OXOTe, B CBOeH AerKOH KOAJICKe,

KOTOpoii OH caM ynpasAHA26. Ha cAe~yxouurii ~eHh, B cy66ary, OH OTnpaBHACH B BepcaAb; OH y:>Ke HHKor~a He ysH~HT MHAhm ero cep~uy MapAH. B BepcaAe OH nopa60TaA c KaHUAepoM ByaaeHOM y MapKH3bi ~e M eHTeHOH. Ho «B~pyr OH noqyscTBOBaA He~oMoraHHe» H c 6oAhUIHM -rpy~oM ~orneA H3 Ka6HHeTa ~o csoeii MOAeAhHOH cKaMeHKH. Ha CAe~ytaWHH ~eHb, B socKpeceHbe, Ero BeAH'IeCTBo He no:>KeAaA H3MeHHTb HaMe'leHHbiH HM pacnopH~OK ~HH. ITo~ ero npe~ce~aTeAh CTBOM npOUIAO 3aCe~aHHe COBeTa MHHHCTpOB, a 3aTeM KOpOAb CQsepUIHA nporyAKy ~o TpHaHOHa. OH 6oAhute He ysH~HT H TpHaHOH. Aro~OBHK nopa6oTaA ewe c AeneAeThe ~e Cy3H, ynpasMIOlllHM cpopTHcpHKaUHHMH, ~aA ay~HeHUHIO reHepaAbHOMY npOKypopy ~'Arecco (6y~ymeMY KaHUAepy), paa~aA HeCKOAbKO BbiCOKHX ~OA:>K HOCTeH. 8TO 6biA 06bi'IHbiH ~eHb C pa60TOH H OT~biXOM H C npe~eAh HOH Harpy3KOH. ,ll;aH:>KO, o~HaKo, 3anHcaA s csoeM ~HeBHHKe : «KopoAb, Ka:>KeTCH, He O'leHb xoporno ce6H qysCTByeT; 3aBTJ>a y Hero Ha'IHYTCH npoue~ypbi». qTo <t>aroH Mor ewe npe~AO:>KHTb nocAe CTOAhKHX AeT pyrHHHoro Ae'leHHH csoeMy crapoMY rocno~HH)'? B noHe~eAhHHK, 12-ro, Ero BeAH'IeCTBo noKopHo noCAe~OBaA, KaK o6bNHO, BCeM npe~llHCaHHHM r AaBHOfO Bpaqa H npHHHA Ha3HaqeHHbie eMy AeKapCTBa. ITocKOAbKY KOpOAb :>KaAOBaACH Ha CHAhH)'lO 60Ab BO BCeH HOre, <l>aroH llOCTaBHA ~HarH03: p~HKyAHT. l1 ~pyrHe spa'IH MOrAH 6hl TaK :>Ke OIUH6HTbCH. Ho, yshi, c 9Toro MOMeHTa H B Te'leHHe ~Byx He~eAb OH He H3MeHHT CBOero MHeHH.ll. TaKHM CBOHM nose~eHHeM OH npoHAAIOCTpHpyeT cAe~yxowee cy:>K~eHHe CeHCHMOHa: «Ey~yqH oqeHb npocseweHHbiM qeAoBeKoM, OH TeM He MeHee AerKO llO~~aBaACH BAHHHHIO npe~B3~IX cy:>K~eHHH; KOr~a OH npHHHMaA onpe~eAeHHOe perneHHe, OHO CTaHOBHAOCb npe~B3~IM, H OH no<~TH HHKor~a ero He MeHHA»94 . l1TaK, Aro~oBHK XIV npopa6oTa.A BCIO BTopyxo noAOBHHY ~HH c rpacpoM ~e IToHrnap-rpeHoM H, HeCMOTpH Ha CBOe He~OMOraHHe, OTnpa.BHACH seqepOM K MapKH3e, r~e ~a BaACH KOHuepT «KaMepHoii MY3biKH»26 • B ~ecHTb qacoB, KaK o6bNHO, COCTOHAC.ll uepeMOHHaA rpane3bl KOpOAH B npHCYTCTBHH 60AbUIOfO KOAH<~ecrna np~BopHbiX (sTo csoero po~a y:>KHH-cneKTaKAh, Ha KOTopoM rpane3HH'IaeT AHUib KopoAh, a np~BOpHbie AHillb npHcyrCTByiOT; KOpOAb np~aeT 60AbUIOe 3Ha'leHHe 9TOMY uepeMOHHaAy, TaK KaK OH 003BOAJieT no~~aHHblM HMeTb npocrOH H AefKHH ~OCTyn K KOpOAIO. - flpUMC'¥.. nepee.), H KOpOAb Aer cnaTb TOAhKO B ~BeH~UaTb qacoB HO'IH. B sry HO'Ih ,ll;aH:>KO He Ha UIYTKY HcnyrMcH. OH BnepBbie ys~eA Y:>KacHoe HcroweHHe opraHH3Ma cBoero asrycreiirnero ~pyra: «OH MHe noKaaaAcH MepTBbiM, Kor~a H ysH~eA ero paa~eniM. HHKor~a ewe 'leAOBeK MOWHOI'O TeAOCAO:>KeHHH He npeBpa.UlaACH 3a TaKOH KOpOTKHH npoMe:>KYTOK BpeMeHH B XO~H'IHH CKeAeT, Ka3aAOCb, OAOTb ero 6biCTpO Ta.H.Aa». Bo BTOpHHK, 13-ro, AIO~oBHK XIV HCnhiTbmaeT TaKHe 6oAH, 'ITO npOCHT nepeHeCTH ero B uepKOBb Ha KpeCAe; HO B KOHUe CAy:>K6bi OH

KOPOAb YMHPAET...

705

npHHJ~A B TpoHHoM aaAe nepcHAcKoro noCAa (KOTOpbm, KCiaTH, yexaA H3 <l>pam.um, neperp)"KeHHbrH ueHHhiMH no.ttapKaMH). «KopoAb npocroAA Ha Horax a Te'leHHe scero npueMa, 'ITO )"KaCHO ero yroMHAO». Coo6pa)KeHIDI BbiCOKOH noAHTHKH, qysCTBo ttOAra, a TaK)f(e npucymaJI eMY KypryaaHOCTb aacrasuAH ero cosepUIHTb .tteHCTBHTeAbHO repOHCTBO. 8-ro HaCHAHe Ha,lt CBOHM opraHH3MOM TaK ero yroMHAO, 'ITO OH XOTeA 6biAO nom B3.ttpeMHyrb cpe.ttH ,AHH, HO npo6HA 'laC 3aCe,AaHH.sl COBeTa <PHHaHCOB, H OH OTnpaBHAC.sl ero npOBO,AHTb KaK HH 8 'leM He 6bmaAo. IIOTOM OH, KaK o6bi'IHO, noy)f(HHaA, nopa6oTaA c ByaaeHOM «H pacnop.s~.AHACH, 'IT06bi ero OTHeCAH K MattaM .tte MeHTeHOH, r.tte .ltaBaACH KOHUepT «KaMepHoif MY3biKH». B cpe.tty, 14 asrycra, y KOpOAH TaK 6oAeAO 6e.ttp0 H BC.sl HOra, 'ITO OH H He nhrra.ACH 6oAhme XO,AHTb. OH npHKa3aA BCIO.tty nepeHOCHTb ero B KpeCAe. H o TeM He MeHee OH npece.ttaTeAbCTBOBaA Ha aace.ttaHHH COBeTa MHHHCTpOB, yqaCTBOBaA 8 Hrpe C ,ltaMaMH y MapKH3bi, C 60AbWHM y .ttOBOAbCTBHeM npoCAytllaA KOHuepT cepbeaHOH MY3biKH. Ha ceil paa cocroAAc.sr uepeMOHHaA TPaneabi KopoAH a npucyrCTBHH MaAoro KOAH'IeCTBa npH.ABOpHbiX, HO npe)I(Jte '!eM yHTu 8 10 'laCOB, MOHapx no6ece.ttOBaA c npHABOpHbiMu, c npuHUaMH H c npnHueccaMH26. M TOr.tta noKaaaAocb, 'ITO aroHa, BHAeBwero, KaK Ero BeAH'IeCTBo CTO"H'IeCKH .ttep)f(HTCH, HaKOHeU OXBaTHAO BOAHeHHe. «l lpH OTXO,Ae KOpOAH KO CH)' 6biAO peweHO, - 3anHCaA BepHbrn CAyra AlrryaH, 'ITO rocno.ttHH nepsbm spaq AH:>KeT cnaTb B KOMHaTe MOHapxa BMeCTe c tte IIIauceHe, nepBbiM .tte:>KypHbiM KaMep.ttHHepoM, H 'ITO ero Ae'lau.urli spaq Ey.tteH, anTeKapb EHOT H nepBbrH XHpypr Mapewa.Ab AmYl' cnaTb B Ka6HHeTe KopoAH c AlrryauoM H EaaupoM, CAyraMu KopoAH, 'IT06bi 6biTb 8 COCTOHHHH C~O'IHO 06CA)"KHTb KOpOAH, eCAH B03HHKHeT TaKaJl He06XOAHMOCTb» 7 • Alo.ttOBHK nposeA O'leHb nAOX)'IO, 6ecnOKOHH)'IO HO'Ib. OH ycuyA TOAbKO nepe.tt CaMbiM paccseTOM. !Ur:ma.ttuaToro KopoAb BCTaA TOAbKO B 10 qacos. XOT.sr 9TO 6biA .tteHb 6o.Ahworo npaattHHKa («AeTHHH npaa.ttHHK Eo)f(HeH Marepu»), eMY npHUIAOCb OTKa3aTbC.sl OT nocemeHIDI uepKBH H ,AOBOAbCTBOBaTbC.sl CAytnaHHeM Mecchi , Ae:>Ka B csoeif noCTeAH. 3aTeM OH npHHHA no O'lepe.ttu ByaaeHa, ~eMape H IIoHw apTPeHa. Bee OHH qyBCTBOBa.AH, 'ITO OH O'leHb crpa.ttaeT, HO crapaeTc.sr He noKaaaTb 9TOro. HecMOTPH Ha fiOnhiTKH 60AbHOrO CKpbiTb CBOH crpa.AaHHH, OKpy:>KeHHe KOpOAH CTaAO 6ecnoKOHTbc.sr. «H aw KopoAb, - nHWeT Ma.ttaM EAHaaseTaIIIapAorra, - yabt, O'leHb nAox! .H TaK TPeBo:>Kycb, 'ITO He eM H He cnAIO no HO'IaM». O.ttHaKo noCAe noAyttHH ArottoBHK noo6e.ttaA, Ae:>Ka B nocreAH, «C HenAOXHM anneTHTOM». IlOTOM ero npuuecAH K Ma.ttaM .tte M eHTenou, r.tte oH npo6biA OT nHTH AO .tteBHTH 'JacOB H npocAytnaA KOHUepT «KaMepHoH MY3biKH». OH nOBHAaA npHABOpHbiX, Y:>KHHaJl B CBOeH KOMHaTe, a 3aTeM npHHUeB B CBOeM Ka6HHeTe H Aer cnaTb B .tteCHTb 'lacOB seqepa. BciO HO'Ib, KaK H HaKauyue, H Ha CAe.tt)'IOIUHH .tteHh KOpOAb O'leHb 6ecnoKOHHO cnaA, ero MY'JHAH 6eccoHHHUa H :>K~a, H oH see BpeMH npocHA nHTb. OH cnoKoifHo cnaA TOAbKO c TPex qacoB HO'IH AO weCTH YTPa.

706

fAABAXXIX

Oco6eHHO noKaaaTeALHbiM ,£\HeM aToro TH)KeAoro nepHo,£\a )KH3HH MOHapxa 6biAa rurrmw:a, 16-ro. KoAH'IeCTBo qacos KaK 6bi yMeHbiiiHAOCb; 3TOT npeKpaCHbiH aBryCTOBCKHH ,£\eHb COKpaTHACH, KaK rnarpeHeBa.H KO:IKa. KopoAL BCTaA no3)Ke, 'leM o6hNHO, y.£\aAHAC.a paHbrne, crapa.HCb B npoMe)Kyu<e Me:>K,l\y 3THMH ,£\ByMH MOMeHTaMH BbiDOAHHTb csoii: rocy.£\apCTBeHHhrH .£\OAr. OH paapeliiHA soHTii B cso10 cnaALHIO AHllib B O.l\HHHa.l\UaTb qacos, npocAyrnaA Meccy H noo6e,£\aA, He BCTa.Ba.H C KpOBaTH, 3aTeM cpaay nO,£\WIACH H npHHHA B CBOeM Ka6HHeTe noCAaHHHKa BoALcpeH6IOTTeA.H. IloTOM OH npHKa3aA nepeHec™ er o B KpeCAe K Ma.l\aM ,£\e MeHTeHOH, r,£\e OH npHWIA yqaCTHe B Hrpe C ,£\aMaMH, a BeqepoM npHCYTCTBOBaA Ha KOHUepTe cepbe3HOH 26 MY3biKH • 0Kpy)KaiOUJ.HM noKa3aAOcb, 'ITO OH craA crpa.l\aTb MeHbrne, HO scex BOAHOBaAa ero HeYTOAHMa.H )i{a)f(.£\a. Pacnop.H,l\OK cy66oTHero ,l\HH 6biA nO'ITH TO'IHbiM nOBTOpeHHeM pacnOp.H,l\Ka npe,l\bl,l\YUJ.ero ,£\HH: HO'IbiO ero 'Ip.HCAa AHXOpa,l\Ka, H 3aCHYA OH AHllib nO,£\ yrpo. 3aTeM KOpOAb «BbiCAyrnaA Meccy H npOBeA 3aCe,£\aHHe COBeTa cpHHaHCOB, Ae)Ka B CBOeH KpOBaTH». 0H 0,£\eACH K o6e,£\y B qac ,£\HH. «Bee npli.l\BOpHbre npHCYTCTBOBaAH Ha ero o6e,£\e, a noCAe o6e,£\a KopoAL .l\aA ay,£\HeHUHIO B csoeM Ka6HHeTe reHepaAy op.l\eHa Cs.HToro Kpecra ,£\e Aa6peToHpH H 3aTeM nepeexaA B KpeCAe Ha KOAeCHKax K Ma,l\aM ,£\e MeHTeHOH, r,£\e oH nopa6oTaA c KaHUAepOM». 8To 6hiA eme O.l\HH KOpOAeBCKHH ,[\eHb, HO COKpameHHbrH Ha ,£\Be 'IpeTH no cpaBHeHHIO C npMbi.l\YUJ.HMH pa60'IHMH ,£\HHMH. CTapbm MOHapx xOTeA npo.£\OA)KaTb pa6oTaTb. Ho no3BOAHA <t>aroHY cHoBa ,£\e)i(ypHTb HO'IbiO, ero nepecraAa TaK CHAhHO MyqHTb )i(a)K,£\a, 6oAH HecKOAhKO YTHXAH• H OH CTaA cnoKOHHee. OH peliiHA aKTHBHO npoBeCTH BOCKpeceHhe, Bbi3.£\0p0BeTb, yseAH'IHTb TeMnbi csoeii: ,£\e.HTeALHOCTH B Te'leHHe 6y.£\ymeli He,£\eAH. BocKpeceHhe, 18-ro, Bhrr~eAo ,£\eHCTBHTeALHO MHoroo6emaiOUJ.HM. KopoAL npHCYTCTBoBaA Ha Meece, Ae)Ka B KpOBaTH, HO 3aTeM OH npOBeA HOBOe 3aCe,£\aHHe coseTa, nopa6oTaA c AeneAeTbe ,£\e CyaH. KoHeu .l\HH OTHbiHe pa3brrpbmaeTc.a, KaK no HOTaM. AIO,£\OBHK XIV npHcYTCTBYeT Ha npHeMe y MapKH3bi ,£\e MeHTeHOH, CAyrnaeT KOHuepT, y)KHHaeT B csoeii: KOMHaTe, HO pa3pernaeT npH 3TOM BXO,£\HTb B Hee npli,l\BOpHbiM, 6ece.l\yeT C npHHUeCCaMH B CBOeM Ka6HHeTe, AO)KHTCH cnaTb B 10 'laCOB seqepa. ,lJ,HeM KOpOAb 061>JIBHA 0 CBOHX IIAaHax Ha 6AH)KaHliiee BpeM.H: OH 6y,£\eT npHHHMaTb nOCAOB nO BTOpHHKaM H npOBO,£\HTb CMOTp cBOHX )KaH,l\apMcKHX pOT no cpe,l\aM. Ha CAe.l\YIOlllHH ,£\eHb KopoAL On.HTh MyqaeTc.a, HO pa6oTaeT, a noTOM c y.l\OBOAhCTBHeM cAyrnaeT CKpHnH'IHbiH KOHUepT. ,lJ;HarH03 ocraeTc.a npe)KHHH: pa.l\HKyAHT. Me,£\HKH B noAHOH pacrepHHHOCTH. <t>aroH, KOTOpbm JIBA.HeTCH cynepHHTeH,l\aHTOM MHHepaALHbiX BO,£\ <t>paHUHH, npHKa3hmaeT .l\OCTaBHTb B BepcaAL 6YThiAH 6yp6oHCKOH BO.l\bi. K TOMY )Ke 3TH rocno,£\a He cnoco6Hhi ,£\a)Ke peliiHTb: eCTb AH y 60ALHOro TeMnepaTYPa HAM HeT. <t>aroH yrnep)K.£\aeT, 'ITO y KopoA.H HeT TeMnepaTYPhi, a MapernaAL rosopHT, 'ITO no HO'IaM y Hero eCTb He6oALrna.a TeMnepaTYPa· fHnnoKpaT rosopHT «..£\a», a faAeH rosopHT

KOPOAh YMMPAET...

707

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708

fAABAXXlX

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KOPOAh YMlli'AET...

6o.hb,

709

OH nopa60TaA CO CBOHMll MHHHCTpaMH, 3aTeM npOBe.l\ HeKOTQpoe speMH seqepoM c M~aM ,ne MeHTeHOH H c ee ,naMaMH. Ho B ceMb qacoB, B TOT ca.Mhrn MoMeHT, Korona co6HpaACH soH-rn Ma.hbrn opKecrp, Kopo.hl. y)l(e eAe cH,neA, ero KAOHHAO KO CH)'; B,npyr coH ero nporneA, HecrepnHMaH 6o.hl. npoHaHAa ero TeAO, H Ha'!aAHCb crpalliHbte cy,noporn. Y Aio,noBHKa XIV no'ITH Hc'Ie3 nyA~>c, oH nOTepHA co3HaHHe H He npHxo,nH.II. B ce6H s Te'IeHHe 'IeTBepTH qaca. Korona KopoA~> O'!HYAcH, OH nOTpe6osaA npe,ncMepTHoro npH'IaCTHH H, nHUieT ,ll;aH)I(O, «llOC'IHTaB C 3TOrQ MOMeHTa, 'ITO eMY OCTaAOCb )I(HTb Bcero .1\Hlllb HeCKOAl>KO '!aCOB, OH CTaA ,neHCTBOBaTb H Bee npHBO,nHTb B nopH,nOK, KaK 'IeAoBeK, KOTOpbrn ce:Hqac _no.l\)l(eH )'MepeTb, H ,neAaA 9TO c 6ecnpHMepHo:H TBep,nOCTbiO, C npHcyrCTBHeM ,nyxa H 6AarOpO,nCTBOM». He3~0MO .no BOCbMH qacoB seqepa Kap,nHHaA ,ne PoraH, r AaBHbrn Kane./\.1\aH ,nBopa, ew;e ,nBa .npyrHX Kane./\.1\aHa H IOrnoH, Krope BepcaAH, npOHHK.I\H K KOpO.I\10 qepe3 llOTaHHYIO AeCTHHUy. J1x nocneliiHO npHHHAH 6e3 .1\HWHHX uepeMOHHH, BBH.ny Heo6xo,nHMOCTH cpO'IHO ,naTb soaMO)I(HOCTb 6o.hl.HOMY BbillO.I\HHTb cso:H 6Aaro'!eCTHBbrn ,noAr. «Dbi.I\O scero AHIIIb ceMh HAH soceMb <PaKeAos, KOTOpbte HeCAH noAoTepbi 3aMKa26. IlpHHUbi H BbiCOKonocrasAeHHbie _no.I\)I(HOCTHbie AHua KopoAeBcKoro ,noMa co6paAHCb B cnaA~>He, a npHHueccbi B Ka6ImeTe COBeTa, 'IT06bi npHC)'TCTBOBaTb npH npe,ncMepTHOM npH'IaCTHH H Co6oposaHHH. Korona .nyxoseHCTBO y,naAHAOCb, a aa HHM H M~aM ,ne MeHTeHOH B conpoBo)l(,neHHH repuora ,ne Hoallii, Aio,noBHK XIV ocraACH Hae,nHHe c KaHUAepoM H CTaA nepe'IHThmaTb npHnHCKY K aasew;aHHIO, ,neAaTb noMeTKH Ha noA.liX. OH ew;e He KOH'!HA 3TO ,neAaTh, KaK MapKH3a B03spaTHAacb H nOTHXOHbKY yceAacb B yrAy. HTaK, ,no CaMoro csoero noCAe,nHero '!aca KopoA~> TepnHT- HHor,na HCITbiThmaH y.nosAeTBopeHHe, a nopo:H no,nasA.liH pa3,npa)l(eHHe - npHcyrCTBHe TOH, c KOTopo:H OH noc'!HTaA H)')I(HbiM TaHHO 6paKOCO'!eTaTbcH. B TOT )l(e Be'Iep, HHCKOAI>KO He o6paw;aH BHHMaHH.ll HH Ha Hee, HH Ha .I\1060nbiTHblX npH,nsopHblX, KOTOpbie crapaAHCb llOTHXOHbKY npOHHKHYJ'b B Clla.hl.HIO, Aio,noBHK, KOTopbrn He 3HaA, KaKJIO nepe,nhiliiKY ,nacr eMY ero He,nyr, no,nabmaA no oqepe,nH Bcex, KOMY oH co6HpaACH ,naTh noCAe,nHHe npe,ncMepTHhte YKa3aHHH. Ka)l(_nbrn no,nxOAH.II. npH npoH3HeceHHH ero HMeHH, BbiC.I\yrnHBaA )'MHpaiOw;ero H ITOTOM, B CAe3ax, yxOAH.II. B Coce,nHHH Ka6HHeT. E ece,na c MapiiiaAOM ,ne BHA~>pya _n.I\H.I\acb ceMb MHHyr, c reHepaA~>HbiM KOHTPOAepoM - cro ,ns~uaTb ceKYH.n, c repuoroM OpAeaHCKHM- He MeHee '!eTBePTH qaca. fosop.liT, 'ITO KopoAb o6paw;aACH CO CBOHM nAeMHHHHKOM C ysa)l(eHHeM, no-_np~eCKH H cKa3aA, 'ITO «OH spH.n AH Ha:H.neT B ero aasew;aHHH TO, 'ITO He ,nocraBHAO 6bi eMY y,noBOAl>CTBHH, TaK KaK OH npenopyqHA ero aa60TaM HaC.I\e,nHHKa H rocy.napCTBo»26• 3aTeM no,noliiAH BbiCAyrnaTb HaCTasAeHHH )'MHparow;ero r epuor .nro MeH, rpa ,ne lllapoAe, npHHU ,ne KoHTH. «H Bee npHHUbi, - ysepHeT Hac ,ll;aH)I(O, - B03Bpaw;aAHCb B Ka6HHeT O'!eHb paccrpoeHHbiMH H CO C.l\e3aMH Ha rAa3ax, HH npH O,nHOM ,nBope HHKTO HHKOr,na He Ha6.1\10,naA

710

f .!\ABA XXIX

6oAee -rporaTeAbHoro 3peMuua; se~b Ero Be.hH'IeCTBo KopoAb seer~a TaK He)I(HO AI06WI. eBOIO eeMblO, OH 11.1\aKaA OT )'MWI.eHIDI, ~aBaJI ncr eAe~HHe HaCTaBAeHIDI BeeM 3THM npHHUaM, a Te Bee nepeeKa3bffiaAH np~BOpHbiM, HaxO~IDIUIMCH B Ka6HHeTe H 3aCTbmWHM B r Ay60KOH eKop6H». Ho ,l(aH)I(o He rosopHT, 'ITO 3a 3THMH CAe3aMH H eKop6HhiMH AHUaMH eKpbiBaAHeh y)l(e npoeKThi OTHOeHTeAbHO 3aBTpaWHero MR, BOAHeHIDI, eBR3aHHhie e 'reM, KaKOBa 6y~eT cpopMa pereHTCTBa H KTO 6y~eT ynpaBA$1Th CTpaHOH. IlOMHMO Beero npot.tero, Ha60)I(HOCTH H TBep~OCTH KOpOA$1, ero AI06e3HOCTH H ReHOCTH )'Ma 6biAO y)l(e ~0CTaTOt.tHO, 'IT06bi Bbi3bffiaTh y OKpy)l(aiOIUHX CAe3hl. C MOMeHTa nepBOrO nput.taCTIDI H ~o npHeMa eeMhH Ko~e KaHUAep ByaaeH CT0$1.1\ Ha llOCTY Me)l(~y KaMHHOM enaAbHH H ~BepbiO Ka6HHeTa, CAHWKOM ~a AeKO OT KOpOA$1, t.JT06bi CAbiWaTh ero HaCTaBAeHHR, HO ~OCTaTOt.JHO 6AH3KO, t.IT06bt no~6e)l(aTh K HeMY no ero nepBoMy 3osy. IloCAe npHeMa npHHUeB H repuoroB npmiLUI XHpyprn H anTeKapH, «t.IT06bt nepeBR3aTh raHrpeH03HYIO Hory». Bo speMR 9TOH npoue~ypbt KaHUAep n03HaKOMHA repuora OpAeaHeKoro e npHDHeKoii K 3aBeruaHHIO KOpOA$1. B O~HHH~UaTh t.taeoB eosepmeHHO o6eccHAeBmHH M<>Hapx npHKa3aA 3~ePHYTh 3aHaBecKy. H Tor~a MapKH3a nornxoHbKY BhiWAa H3 ero enaAbHH H noWAa no~KpenHThCH. ,l(Ba~uaTh mecroro y-rpoM so Beex KOMHaTax BOKpyr cnaAbHH Ero Be.hH'IeCTBa 6hiAO noAHo Hapo~a, npHHUbi H npH6AH)I(eHHhte TOADHAHCh B Ka6HHeTax, 06bNHbie BeAbMO)I(H 3anOAHRAH BCe npOCTpaHCTBO Me)l(~y 60AbillHMH anapTaMeHTaMH H faAepeeH 3epKaA. «0KOAO ~e C$1TH t.taCOB Me~HKH nepeBR3aAH HOry KOpOA$1 H c~eAaAH HeCKOAbKO H~pe30B ~0 CaMOH KOCTH; H KOr~a )'B~eAH, '-ITO raHrpeHa y)l(e ~<> CTHrAa TaKOH r A y6HHbi, TO He OCTaAOCb COMHeHIDI, BOnpeKH BCeM Ha~e)l(~aM Ha AYt.JillHH HCXO~, 'ITO OHa ~eT H3HYTpH H 'ITO HHKaKHe AeKapCTBa He cMoryr cnacrn 6oAbHoro». M~aM ~e MeHTeHoH npHCYTCTBOBaAa npH 3TiiX )l(eCTOKHX npoue~ypax. KopoAb cHat.taAa nonpOCHA ee Be)I(AHBO H AaCKOBO y ~aAHThCR, «H60 ee npHCYTCTBHe ero CAHWKOM BOAHOBaAO». 0Ha Tor~a c~eAaAa B~, 'ITO YWAa; «HO nOCAe 9TOH nepeBR3KH KOpOAb eii eKa3aA, 'ITO pa3 HHKaKHe AeKapCTBa He CMOfYT eMY nOMOt.Ih, OH npOCHT eMY n03BOAHTh XOT$1 6bi 26 )'MepeTh enoKOHH0» • IloCAe~yroruHe co6biTHR nOKa)I(YT, t.JTO MapKH3a 6hiAa fOTOBa BbffiOAHHTb <:rry npOCh6y, HO He cpaay: OHa n03BOAliT CBOeM)' KOpOHOBaHHOJ\1Y eynpyry )'MepeTh enOKOHHO; HO t.tae KOHt.IHHbi 6hiA erue He 6AH30K. Ato~oBHK XIV, y KOToporo 6biAO 6oAhme coMHeHHii, t.teM y M~aM ~e MeHTeHoH, OTHOCHTeAbHO cpoKa, KoTophrn eMy 6biA erue OTDYIUeH ~.1\$1 )I(H3HH H KOTOPOMY c ~eTCTBa BHYWHAH, 'ITO «HHKOMY He se~OMbt HH ~eHh, HH t.tac KOHt.IliHhi», npo~OA)I(a.l\ pas~aBaTh - noKa eoxpaWJAacb RCHOCTb )'Ma - HHCTpYKUHH, KOTOpbte HMeAH, C ero TOt.JKH 3peHIDI, 6oAblilyiO Ba)I(HOCTb. B no~eHb OH npHKa3aA npHBeCTH K HeM)' csoero npaBHYKa, HaCAe~HHKa npecroAa (6y~yrueMy Ato~OBHKY XV 6btAO B TO speMR poBHO n$1Th c nOAOBHHOH AeT). OH ero noueAOBaA H npoH3Hec He60Ahlli)'lO pet.th, KOTopa.a 6hiAa csoero po~a HpasCTBeH-

KOPOAh YMHPAET...

711

HbiM 3aBelll.a.HHeM H ny6AH'IHOH HCnOBe~blO B CTHAe BeAHKOrO A.ro~o BHKa XIV H B 6Aaro'IeCTHBOM ~yxe QTUa AereAbe: «Moii ~oporoii Ma.A.bllll, Bbl Cfa.HeTe BeAHKHM KOpOAeM, HO C'!aCfbe sallie 6y~eT 3aBHCeTb OT TOfO, KaK Sbl 6y~eTe nOSHHOSaTbCR SOAe focno~a H KaK Bbl 6y~ere crapaTbe.a o6Aer'IHTb yqaCTb saurnx no~~a.HHbiX. ,l(NI 3Toro HY:lKHO, 'IT06br sbr Ha6eraAH KaK MorAH soiiHY: sOHHbi - 3TO paaopeHHe Hapo~os. He CAe~yiiTe MOHM nAOXHM npHMepaM; .a '!aCTO Ha'!HHaA SOHHbi CAHlllKOM AerKOMbiCAeHHO H npO~OA:lKaA HX BeeTH H3 Tlll.eCAaBHH. He no~pa:lKaHTe MHe H 6y~bTe MHpoAro6HsbiM KopoAeM, H nyCTb 06Aer'!eHHe yqacrn salllHX nOMa.HHbiX 6y~er sallleH rAasHOH aa60TOH» 26 • 3a 3THM nocAe~OSaA eoseT CAYlliaTbCH SbillleynOMHHYTOfO oma AereAbe H M~aM ~e Ba.HT~yp. 8Ta HenoBe~b 6biAa S KaKOH-TO Mepe no~eKaaaHa ~yxOBHHKOM, KOTOpbrn npesbreHA s ~aHHOM CAyqae esoH noAHOMO'IHH. B ~oKaaa TeAbCTBO 3TOMY MO:lKHO npHBeCTH CAe~yrolll.HH HeeAbiXa.HHbiH cpaKT: KOPOAh ITPH3HAETCR B fPEXAX, B KOTOPbiX OH HE ITOBHHEH. Hacro.mua.a KHHra noKaaaAa, Mbi H~eeMcH, 'ITO soiiHbi s uapCTBosaHHe A.ro~osHKa XIV (aa HeKAIO'IeHHeM, no:lKaAyH, foAA~eKoii sOHHbi) 6biAH a6coAIOTHO 3aKOHHbiMH, oco6eHHO noCAe~HH.a H3 HHX. B npo~OA:lKHTeAbHOCTH sOHH, oeo6eHHo ~syx noCAe~HHX, KoTOpbie 6biAH npocro HeCKOH'!aeMbiMH, nOSHHHbl S OCHOSHOM HalllH npOTHBHHKH, see 3TH BHAbreAbMbi Opa.HeKHe, Ma.A.b6opo, XaiiHeHyebl, fa6e6yprn. (A.ro~osHK XIV - o6 3TOM es~ereAbCTBOsaAa Hao ~HH s ~eHb M~aM ~e MeHTeHOH - see speMH ~YMaA, s npoTHsonoAO:lKHOCTb HM, 0 esOHX nOAAa.HHbiX, nOHHMaA HX TH:lKeAOe nOAO:lKeHHe H eOqyBCTBOBaA HM, crapa.aeb HaHTH cnoco6 06Aer'!HTb HX yqacTb.) 06pameHHe TaKoro xapaKrepa K npaBHYKY HoeHT CAe~bi onpe~e AeHHOH mrreAAeKTYaA.bHOH ycraAOCTH MOHapxa, 'ITO :lKe KaeaeTCH crHAH ero H3AO:lKeHHH, To oH npeKpaeeH, 6Aaropo~eH, KaK seer~a, AaKOHH'IeH, CAosoM, ~ocroHH soeXHmeHHH. HeAba.a He npeKAOHHTbCH e MOpaAbHOH H ~yxosHOH TO'!KH 3peHHH nepe~ BeAH'IHeM XpHCTHa.HCKOro CTpeMAeHHH K ~o6posOAbHOMY caMOYHH"'H:lKeHHIO. «EAa:lKeHHbl KpOTKHe, 6Aa:lKeHHbi MHpoTBopubr!» 8ToT oreu AereAbe, KOTopbrn He 6biA HH KpOTKHM, HH MHpoTBopueM, see :lKe cnoco6CTBOsaA YKPenAeHHro S ~Yllie KOpOAH pe~KHX ~o6pO~eTeAeH, OTMe'IeHHbiX focnO~OM B Ero HaropHoii nponose~H, yqHA ero cAe~oBaTb 3THM esa.HreAbeKHM COBeTaM, KOTOpbie HBAHIOTCH OeHOSHbiMH onopaMH XpHCTHa.HCTBa, sepHOrO esOHM HCTOKaM. IToCAe 3TOH KopoTKOH H eepbe3HOH ay~HeHUHH KOpoAb Bbi3BaA s enaA.bHIO repuora ~ro MeHa H rpacpa TyAyacKoro, e KOTOpbiMH OH rosopHA npH aaKpblTbiX ~sepHX, a nOTOM H repuora OpAea.HcKoro. «B noAOBHHe nepsoro oH npocAYlllaA Meecy,- nHllleT ,lJ;a.H:lKO,- e lllHpoKo oTKpbiTbiMH rAaaaMH, MOAHeb Eory c y~HsHTeAbHOH ropH'-1HOCTbro». OH no6eee~osaA aaTeM c Kap~HHaAaMH ~e EHccH H ~e Pora.HOM. «OH HM aaHBHA, 'ITO XO'IeT YMepen TaK :lKe, KaK H :lKHA, sepHbiM ebiHOM PHMeKoii anocroAbeKoii uepKsH, H 'ITO OH npe~no'IeA 6bi noTepHTb TbiCH'IY :lKH3HeH, '!eM HMeTb ~pyrne '<~ysCTBa H cy:lK~e-

712

fAABAXXIX

HIDI». OH Ta.I<)I(e KOCH)'ACR csoeii aHTHIIpOTecrcurrcKoii H aHI'IDIHCeHHCTcKoii llOAHTHKH: OH ee C'iHTaA npa.BHAhHOH H SllOAHe 3aKOHHOH, XOTR H 3HaA, 'iTO ero ynpeKaAH- H ,1:\0AI'O ewe 6y.L\yr ynpeKaTb - S TOM, 'iTO «OH 3AoynoTPe6HA csoHM a.BTOpHTeTOM». OH TaK)I(e 3HaA (H 9'1'0 OH HallOMHHA npeAaTaM), 'iTO HHKOr,l:\a He npe.L\llpHHHMaA HHKaKHX aKUHii s u:epKosm,IX ,1:\eAax, He corAacosas 9TO npe,l:\sapHTeAbHO c asTopHTeTaMH I.J;epKsH. Ho MI>I cpaKTH'ieCKH He HMeeM TO'iHoro csH,l\eTeAJ:.CTBa o6 9TOH CTO.hb Ba)I(HOH ay.L\HeHu;HH. MapKH3 ,1:\e ,ll;aH)1(0, KOTOpbxH ynoMHHaeT 0 HeH ,1:\B~bl, ysepReT, C 0,1:\HOH CTOpOHhi, 'iTO oHa ,1:\AHAach scero AHWb O.L\H)' MHHYTY, a c .L\pyron cropoHbi, rosopHT, 'iTO KopoAescKaR pe'ib «6biAa .L\AHHHOn». CAe.L\yeT no9TOMY OTKa3aTbCR OT Ha,l\e)l(,l:\bl KOr,l:\a-AH60 BOCCTaHOBHTb BO SCeX llO.L\p06HOCTRX ,1:\eTaAH 9TOH sCTPe'iHi HO o6bi'iHO npH.l\ep)I(HBa.IOTCR MHeHHR, 'iTO KOpO.hb XOTeA llO,l:\TBep,l:\HTb CBOIO sepHOCTb I.J;epKsH - TaK scer,l:\a ,1:\eAaAH see aasewaTeAH, see noKaRBnmecR, see YMHPaiOWHe H ynoMRHYTb 0 CBOeM pseHHH H 0 TOM, 'iTO BbiClliee .L\yxOBeHCTBO He MOrAO 6bi ero ynpeKH)'Tb S .1\0)I(HOM pseHHH, H60 npe)l(,l\e OHO-TO H nO,l:\TaAKHBaAO ero Ha 9'1'0, CHAOIO csoHx nocoxos H TeOAOrnH. H HaKOHen, Kopo.hb ,1:\eAaeT 3HaK CA~aWHM .L\BOpa H npHCAyre, 'iT06bi OHH llO,l:\OlliAH K ero KpOBaTH, H npOH3HOCHT nepe,l:\ HHMH CAa6biM, HO T8ep,l:\biM rOAOCOM TaKyro pe'ib: «fOCllO.L\a, R ,1:\0BO.I\eH samen cAy)l(6on ; Bbi CAY)I(HAH MHe sepao H c 6oAJ:.lliHM )l(eAaHHeM MHe yro.L\HTh. 5J O'ieHb CO)I(aAeiO, 'iTO He,l:\OCTaTO'iHO, KaK MHe t:\YMaeTCR, S03Harpa,l\HA sac 3a 3TO, HO 06CTORTe.hbCTBa llOCAe,l:\Hero speMeHH MHe He noasoAHAH 9'1'0 C,l:\eAan.. Mae )l(aAJ:. paccrasan.cR c saMH. CAy)I(HTe

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KOPOAb YMMPAET...

713

THe, H6o rocy~apcrseHHaJI CA)"K6a ecn. npe)I(Ae Bcero KopoAeBCKaJI CAy:lK6a. B ~aHHoM CAyqae no~cKaabmaercH MbiCAb, 'ITO KopoAeBCKaJI CA)"1<6a - 3'1'0 ycep~He H BepHOCTh, HO eme H npHBH3aHHOCTh, H AI060Bb. I1pHcyrCTB)'IOU\He «CO CAe3aMH Ha r Aa3ax», C DOHHMaHHeM cAymaroT o6pameHHe Kopo..vi6• EecnoKoncrso o 6y~ymeM ~aHUHH- noCAe~Hee qeAoBeqecKoe 6ecnOKOnCTBO craporo KOpOAA. 11 D03TOMY OH CHOBa Bbi3bmaeT repuora OpAeaHcKoro, HO no~ npe~AoroM, 'ITO :lKeAaer eMY nopyqHTh 3a60Ty o cy~h6e M~aM ~e MeHTeHoH, aHa caMOM ~eAe ~M Toro, 'IT06bi C~eAaTb KOe-Kai<He HacTaBAeHHH OTHOCHTeAbHO ero pereHTCTBa. OH npocHT eme npHHTII cBoero ~pyra, MapwaAa ~e BHAbpya, no~ npe~AoroM, 'ITO :lKeAaer ero Ha3HaqHTb BOCnHTaTeAeM HaCAe~HHKa, a Ha caMoM ~eAe, ~6bt nop)"iHTb eMY cbrrpaTb poAb npHMHpHTeAA B CA)"iae OTKpbrron Bpa:lK~bi Me:lK~Y repuoroM ~10 MeH H repuoroM OpAeaHcKHM. KopoAIO ocraBaAOCb TOAbKO npocrHTbCH c ~aMaMH. OH npHrAacHA 3aHTH B CBOIO cn aAbHIO repuorHHIO EeppH8cKytO, M~aM EAHaaseryIllapAOTI)', npHHuecc H HX <f>penAHH. 8To 6biAO KopOTKoe H npeKpacHoe npomaHHe, HO Y'K CAHWKOM wyMHoe. ,ll;aH:lKO y~HBAHACH, «Kai< KOpOAb Mor Bb~ep:lKaTb nAaq H Tai<He CTeHaHHH». M~aM EhH3aBera-IllapAOTTa, KOTOpaJI Ha CAe~ytOU\HH :lKe ~eHb C~eAaAa 3anHCb 0 CBOHX BneqaTAeHHHX, OcraBHAa HaM, no Been B~HMOCTH, TOqHoe H oqeHb BOAHytOU\ee ODHCaHHe 3TOn CUeHbi: «0H, npOU\aJICb CO MHOn, npoH3Hec TaKHe He:lKHble CAOBa, 'ITO H y ~HBAHIOCb, Kai< H TYT :lKe Ha Mecre He ynaAa B o6MopoK. OH cKaaaA, ~ Bcer~a AI06HA MeHH, H ~a:ll<e 6oAhwe, qeM H MorAa no~o3peBaTb, ~ OH CO:lKaAeer o TOM, 'ITO ~OcraBHA MHe HeKOTOpbie oropqeHH.SI... 5I 6pOCHAaCb nepe~ HHM Ha KOAeHH, cXBaTHAa ero PYKY H npH:lKaAacb K Hen ry6aMH, a OH noueAOBaA MeHH. I10TOM OH o6paTHACH K ~pyrHM ~aMaM H npH3BaA HX K e~HHCTBy. 5{ cnepBa nO~)'MaAa, 'ITO OH o6pamaeTCH KO MHe, H OTBeTHAa eMY, 'ITO 6y~y CAytUaTbCH Ero BeA.HqeCTBo ~o KOHUa cBoHX ~Hen. OH noBepHYACH KO MHe H cKaaaA, YAbi6aJicb: "9-ro He BaM H roBopiO, H 3Ha.JO, 'ITO BaM He H~O ~aBaTb TaKHX COBeTOB, H60 Bbl :lKeH87 ll.\HHa oqeHb pa3)'MHaJij 3TO H rOBOp!O ~pyrHM npHHUeccaM"» • ,ll;eHb ~B~UaTb wecroro asrycra 6biA anoreeM BeAH'IIDI, crofu<OCTH, Ha60:lKHOCTH H qyBCTBHTeAbHOCTH )'MHpaiOU\ero KOpOAA. 9TOT KOpOAb (a OH 3Haer, 'ITO TaM, 3a ~Beph!O ero cnaAbHH, )"Ke paaroparoTCH crpacTH H aM6HUHH) B TeqeHHe 3THX ~Byx ~Hen npoH3HOCHT TOAbKO CAOBa AI06BH, npH3hmaer K MHPY H corAaCHIO. OH npo~eMoHcrpHpoBaA He:lKHocn. ~a:ll<e no OTHOWeHHIO K pereHTY, KOTOpbxH Bbi3hiBaA y Hero qyBCTBO 6ecnoKonCTBa. 9TOT Aio~oBHK XIV, qyscrsHTeAbHb!H H ~eAHKaT HbxH (KOTOporo M~aM BHOBh OTKpbiBaeT ~AH ce6H H KOTOpbiH ~M repuora OpAeaHcKoro HeH3BecreH), Hacromuilli AH 3'1'0 Aio~oBHK? AroHHH cpo~HH OnhmieHHIO - oHa He HCKa:ll<aer, oHa npeyseA.HqHBaer; OHa He H3MeHHer, OHa BhiHBAHeT. WH 6bl crapbm KOpOAb, KOTOporo OTeu AereAbe He ocrasAHA B noKoe, HaxO~HACH no~ nOCTOmiHbiM B03~enCTBHeM qyscrsa crpaxa (crpaxa cMepTH H 6ecnoKoncrsa 3a cBoe

fAABAXXIX

714

se'!HOe cnaceHHe), MO)f(HO 6biAo 6bi 6o.11.ee IJ.HHH'IHO HHTepnpernposaTb ero KopOTeHhKHe pe'IH 25 H 26 aBrycra: Aio~oBHK XIV, crn6a.s~ch no~ TIDKeCTbiO CBOHX rpexos, M)"'HMbrH nO.II.HTHKo-peAHrH03HblMH yrpbi3eHWIMH coseCTH H Haxo~acb no~ crpornM H~3opoM csoero ~yxosHHKa H csoeii cyrrpym-xaH)f(H, crapa.~~.ca aKOObi ~o6HTbca OT11)'1UeHHa rpexos, npe)K.l{e '!eM rrpe~craTb nepe~ cy~oM Bcesbrumero, rrpH6era.~~. KO seeM B03MO)f(HbiM cpe~crnaM, 'IT06hi «6b1Tb s .11.~y co csoeii coseCTbiO». Ho ary nmOTe3y MO)f(HO cpasy OT6pocHTb: Kopo.ll.h y)f(e Tor~a 6hi.II. xopomo no~rOTOBAeH K nepexo~y B MHp HHOH. BOT 'ITO ,ll;aH)f(O 3aiiHchmaeT 26 asrycra: «ITOC.II.e~HHe MOMeHThi )f(H3HH 3TOrO Be.II.HKOro MOHapxa nOKa3biBaiOT XpHCTHaHCKYJO CTOHKOCTb H repOH3M, C KOTOpbiMH OH BCTpeTH.II. npH6.11.H)f(eHHe CMepTH, OT.1\.H'IHO C03HaBaJI, 'ITO OHa ~e 6.11.H3Ka H HeH36e)f(Ha. C BOCbMH 'JaCOB seqepa sqepaillHero ~Ha OH cosepma.11. o~HH 3a ~PYrnM TO.II.hKO Bhi~aiOUlHeca Ha60)f(Hbie H repOH'IeCKHe nOcryrrKH, H He TaK, KaK 91'0 ~e .1\.a.II.H ~peBHHe pHMNUie, )f(e.ll.aiOtn:He IIOKa3aTb, 'ITO OHH He 60aTCSI cMepTH, HO cosepmeHHo ecrecrneHHo H rrpocro, KaK oH o6h'NHO ~e.~~.a.~~., rOBOpSI Ka)K.l{OMJ TO, 'ITO ~HO 6bi.II.O eMJ CKa3aTb, H TaK )f(e TO'!HO H KpacHope'IHBO, KaK OH 91'0 ~e.11.a.11. BCIO CBOIO )f(H3Hb, H ~a)f(e Ka3a.II.OCh, 'ITO ero KpacHope'!He cra.~~.o em:e se.II.HKOAeiiHee s noCAe~HHe MOMeHTbi ero )f(H3HH. HaKoHeu, KaK.HM 6bi se.II.HKHM OH HH 6bi.II. s Te'IeHHe scero CAasHoro csoero ce~ec~BJX.II.eTHero uapcrnosaHHS~, OH npoSIBH.II. ce6.s~ em:e 6o.11.ee Be.II.HKHM B CBOeH CMepTH. 0H coxpaHH.II. IIO.II.H)'IO SICHOCTb YMa H TBep~OCTb xapaKTepa ~o caMoro noc.11.e~Hero MOMeHTa )f(H3HH H, rosop.s~ C He)f(HOCTbiO H ~o6pOTOH CO BCeMH, C KeM nO)f(e.ll.a.ll. rosopHTh, CJMe.ll. coxpaHHTb csoii aBTOpHTeT H se.II.H'!He ~o nOC.II.e~Hero B3~oxa. PyqaiOCb, 'ITO CaMbre crpacrHbie rrponose~mnm He CMOr.II.H 6br KpacHope'IHBee H TPOraTe.ll.hHee CKa3aTb TO, 'ITO OH CKa3a.ll. B'Iepa, HaHTH 60.11.ee ~OCTOHHbie Bblpa)f(eHHSI, KOTOpbte Ha.H60.11.ee apKO Bbi.!IBH.II.H 6bt Te qepTbi, KOTOphte csoiicrneHHbi 6bi.II.H eMy KaK HacromueMJ xpHcTHaHHHJ, HaCTOmueMJ reporo, Kopo.ll.lO-repoiO». IIoHHMM, 'ITO y Hero ocra.~~.ocb cosceM MaAO speMeHH, Kopo.ll.b 3aHSI.II.ca c KaHUAepoM Bya3eHoM - B npHCJTCI'BHH cH~am:eii 3~ecb )f(e B CIIa.ll.bHe MO.II.'Ia.II.HBOH, C 6eccrpacrHbiM Bbl pa)f(eHHeM .II.HUa M~aM ~e MeHTeHOH - pa36opoM ceKpeTHbiX 6JMar. HeKOTOpbie H3 HHX 6bi.II.H TJT )f(e HeMe~AeHHO CO)f()f(eHbi, a ~pyme - nopyqeHbi MHHHCTpy, KQTOpOMY 6hi.II.H ~aHhi TO'IHhie no 3TOMJ noso~y JKa3aHHSI. BpeMSI OT speMeHH noSIB.II.SI.II.CSI ~yxosHHK, '!T06ht norosopHTh c KopoAeM o Eore; H Aio~oBHK XIV «C Tex nop, KaK npH'IacrHAca, e)f(eqacHO rosop11.11. o 26 Eore co csoHM ~yxosHHKOM HAH c M~aM ~e MeHTeHOH» •

«TAK YMHPAM iKE! KOHliMHA TBOR MHPHNI, 11 /1,0./IS BhillOAHEH» Aio~oBHK

XIV, K c'!aCTbiO, pelllH.II. 3aHaTbca caMbiMH Ba)f(HbiMH Y )f(e BO BTOpHHK, 27-ro, eMJ pe3KO ITa.II.O xy-

~e.ll.aMH B 3TH ~Ba ~Ha.

)f(e. BHJTPeHHHX npH3HaKOB o6ocrpeHHSI raHrpeH03Horo npouecca s

KOPOAh YMMPAET...

715

HOre He 6biAO 3a.MeTHO, HO lla.I:(HeliT BpeMH OT BpeMeHH CTaA Bna,naTb B 3a6biTbe, H y Hero noHBHAHCb cy.z:toporn. <1>paacya3a .z:t'06HHbe noCTOmHo HaxO,LtHAaCb B CllaAbHe KOpOAH, CH,l{H nOO,ltaAb, B yrAy KOMHaTbi. A OTeU AeTeAhe He cH.z:teA Ha Mecre, OH pas .z:tBa.nuaTb BXO.z:tHA H BbiXO.z:tHA. B noA,LteHb KOpoAb, Ae:>Ka B nocreAH, CAyruaA Meccy. OH crporo OrpaHH'IHA BXO,lt B CBOIO CllaAbHIO: ,ltBOpHHaM nepBOrO paara 6hiAO paspeweHO llOHBAHTbCH B HeH TOAbKO B TO BpeMH, KOr.z:ta KQpOAb nHA 6yAbOH. BeqepoM KOpOAb Bbi3bmaeT .IKepoMa .z:te I loHwapTpeHa H roBopHT eMY: «KaK TOAhKO n YMPY• Bbi TOT'Iac :>Ke noWAeTe KOpOAeBCKyiO rpaMory C npHKa30M OTHeCTH MOe cep.z:tue B uepKOBb He3YHTOB H noMeCTHTb ero TaM TaKHM :>Ke o6pa30M, KaK H cep.z:tue Moero noKOHHoro OTUa. H n He xoqy, 'IT06bi Ha 9TO 6biAO HcrpaqeHo .z:teHer 6oAbwe, qeM Tor.z:ta». ,ll;aH:>Ko ysepneT, 'ITO 9TOT npHKa3 6biA ,l{aH TaKHM :>Ke CllOKOHHbiM TOHOM, KaKHM OH HeKOr.z:ta OT,ltaBaA pacnopH:>KeHHe coopy.z:tHTh KaKon-HH6y.z:tb HOBbiH <PoliTaH B MapAH. 8To KopoAeBcKoe YKa3aHHe CTOHT Toro, 'IT06hi Ha,n HHM HeMHoro nopa3MhiCAHTb. Ha Hero qacro CCbiAaiOTCH, KaK Ha .z:tOKa3aTeAbCTBO roro, 'ITO .z:tyxoBHHKH-He3YHThi HMeAH Ha BeAHKoro KopoAH 6oAbwoe BAHHHHe. Ho OHO TaK:>Ke - a MO:>KeT 6biTb, H B OCHOBHOM - CBH,lteTeAbCTBYeT o BepHoCTH Aro.z:toBHKa XIV omy, KOToporo OH MaAO 3HaA H KO'FOpOrO TaK npeB30WeA H CBOHM BeMPiHeM, H CBOeH CAaBOH, HO 0 KOTOpOM, BepoHTHO, HHKOr.z:ta He nepecraBaA .z:tYMaTb H KOToporo He nepecraBaA AI06HTb. KaK 6y.z:tTo noc'IHTaB, 'ITO 27-ro OH Becb .z:teHb 6hiA KopoAeM, Aro.z:tOBHK XIV peWHA B cpe.z:ty no:>KHTh KaK qaCTHoe AHUO. YTpoM oH ysH.z:teA y cBoen nocreAH .z:tByx nOCTeAhHH'IHX B CAe3ax. OH cKasaA HM: «IloqeMY Bbi nAa'leTe? Bbi .z:tYMaAH, 'ITO H 6eccMepTeH? JI TaK o ce6e HHKOI ,Lta He .z:tYMaA, H Bbl ,ltOA:>KHbl 6biAH ,ltaBHO Y:>Ke 6biTb rOTOBbl 26 MeHH nOTepHTh, yqHTbmaH MOH B03pacr» • B o.z:tHHHa,nuaTb qacoB B BepcaAb 3aHBHACH HeKHH Meche EpeH, npoBaacaAeu. OH Bpo.z:te 6hi npHBe3 :~<P<PeKTHBHeiiwliH E~AHKcHp, cnoco6Hhm no6op0Tb raarpeay, .z:ta:>Ke BHYTpeHHIOIO. Bpa'<~H KopoAH qysCTBOBaAH ce6n Tenepb TaKHMH 6ecnOMOI.UHbiMH, 'ITO C,LteAaAH TO, Ha 'ITO B HOpMaAbHbiX yCAoBIDIX HHKOr.z:ta 6hi He nowAH. B3HB AeKapCTBo y «3TOrO WapAaTaHa», OHH HaKanaAH .z:teCHTb KaneAb B TpH AO:>KKH C BHHOM «AAHKaJIT» H ,ltaAH :~ry CMeCb BblllHTb KOpOAIO. 8TOT 3AHKCHp, «C,lteAaHHbrH H3 KaKOrQ-TO :>KHBOTHOrO», 6biA, Me)l(.l{y npO'IHM, qy.z:toBHWHO BOHIO'IHMj HO KOpOAb He OTKa3aACH ero BbrllHTb. Iiy.z:tyqH .z:t06pbiM KOpOAeM BO BCeX CMbiCAax 9TOrO CAOBa, OH npOH3HeC CAe.ltyiOlllyiO MaAeHbKyiO THpa.ny, llOAay!O qyBCTBa IOMOpa H .z:teAHKaTHOCTH: «Jl npHHHMaiO 3TO AeKapCTBO He llOTOMY, 'ITO Ha,l(eiOCb HAM ,Lta:>Ke :>KeAaiO Bbi3,lt0p0BeTb, a llOTOMY, 'ITO B MOeM COCTOmHH H 06H26 3aH CAyruaThcn Bpaqen» • 3apyqHBlliHCh o.z:to6peHHeM repuora OpAeaHcKoro, craAH peryAHpHo .z:taBaTb Ero BeAH'IeCTBy nHTb AeKapCTBO EpeHa. B 'leTBepr, 29 asrycra, 9TOT 3Haxapb ,Lta:>Ke y.z:tOCTOHACH 'IeeTH 6hiTb ,ltOnyllleHHbiM (BMeCTe C npe.z:tcraBHTeAHMH Me,LtHUHHCKOfO <PaKYAbTeTa!) B CllaAbHIO

fAABAXXIX

716

Ero BeMf<leCTBao IlpH KaJK.ltOM np:murnm cnHpnmii HanHToK wapAaTaHa KaK 6hi no~crenmaA ycraAbm opraHH3M 6oAbHOroo Tor~a CaMbte ~osep'IHBbie np~sopHbte - oco6eHHo ~aMbi - CTaAH YTBep~aTb, 'ITO «EpeH - aHreA Eo~, nOCAaHHbiH He6oM, 'IT06ht cnaCTH Koper AR, H 'ITO CAe~OBaAO 6bi c6pocHTh B peKy scex spaqeii ~Bopa H IlapH)Ka»o 3~paBOMbiCNU!Uie AJO~H OTBe'laAH, 'ITO «3AHKCHp CAe~yeT paccMaTPHBaTb KaK MaAytO TOAHKY MaCAa, KOTopyta ~o6asAmOT B yracaromyta AaMn~Y»o B caMOM ~eAe, seqepoM, so speMl! nepeBR3KH, 06Hapy)KHAH, 'ITO raHrpeHa O'leHb CHAbHO npo~BHHYAaCh, H KOpOAb, «XOTR y)Ke HaxO~HACR B llOAyc03HaTeAbHOM COCTORHIDI, 3aRBHA, 'ITO OH YAeTY'IHBaeTCR» OH nocsRTHA sropyta noAOBHHY ~HR «MOAeHIUO focno~y H Bbtpa)Ke:mno csoero cMHpeHHR nepe~ focno~Heii ~ 26 BOAeH» o Bcro rummuy, 30 asrycra, KopoAh npe6hmaA B cocromnm noAHoii COHAHBOCTHo «Y Hero HapywaAcR KOHTaKT C peaAbHOCTbiO»o 31-ro c<r cromrne ero eme 6oAbwe yxy~WHAOcb, «npo6AeCKH c03HaHHR 6biAH y)Ke O'leHh KOpOTKH»o B noAOBHHe o~HHH~UaToro seqepa Mouapxy npo'IHTaAH MOAHTBbi YMHPaiOI.UHXo H no MOAeHHe Bhi3BaAO H3YMHTeAbHbiH pecpAeKC, KOTOpbiH KaK 6hi pe3IOMHp0BaA H CHMBOAH3Hp<>BaA scro cHAy H ~eiiCTBeHHOCTb 6apo'IHOH Ha60)KHOCTHo «fOAoca CBRI.UeHHHKOB, 'IHTaiOI.UHX MOAHTBbi, - paCCKa3bmaeT MapKH3 ~e ,l];aH)KO, - npHBeAH B ~eHCTBHe MeXaHINeCKOe C03HaHHe KOpONI, K<>TOphm BO BpeMll 'lTeHHR 3THX MOAHTB CTaA npOH3HOCHTb rpoM'Ie, 'leM OHH, «Ave Maria» (EoropO.ltHUa ,ll;esa, p~yiicR) H «Credo» (CHMBOA Bepbt), H 3TO HeCKOAbKO paa no~p~, HO RBHO 6eCC03HaTeAbHO, 6Aaro~apR npHBbNKe, KOTOpytO HMeA KopoAb HX npoH3HOCHTb»o B Te speMeua, Kor~a HaWH npe~H MOAHAH focno~a He ~aTb HM YMepen BHeaarrnoii cMepTbro, KTO He no)KeAaA 6bt OTOHTH B MHP HHOH B noAHOM C03Ha.HHH, llOCAe ~OAI'OH arOHHH, C MOAHTBOH .«Bepyta BO e~HH<> ro Eora Oruaooo» Ha ycrax? CMepTh HacrynHAa 1 ceHTR6pR, B BOCKpeceHhe, YTPOM, poBHO aa 'leThipe ~HR ~o HcnoAHeHHR KopoAJO 77-MH AeTo «OH OT~aA Eory ~y wy, - CKa3aA ,l];aH)KO, - 6e3 MaAeiiwero ycHAHR, KaK CBe'la, KOTOpM noracaeT»o HanHCaA B PHM: «BOT l.Jepea HecKOAbKO qacos nancKHii TaK YMep Aro~oBHK XIV, KopoAb <l>paHwrn H H asappbtooo B HeM ccr e~HHHAHCb BCe KOpOAeBCKHe H xpHCTHaHCKHe ~o6po~eTeAH, eCAH He C'IHTaTb AerKOMbiCAeHHbiX llocrynKOB, COBepweHHhiX HM B MOAO~<> CTH (OT HHX H36aBAeHbl TOAbKO Te, KTO no OC060H MHAOCTH EmKheH npH3BaH K CBRTOCTH OT CaMOI'O po~eHIDI), H He 6biAO HH'Iei'O, B 'leM MO)KHO 6biAO 6ht ero ynpeKHYTbo B HeM coqeTaAHCh seMf<IHe H npHBeTAHBOCTbo IIoseAeBM AJO~hMH, OH He aa6bmaA, 'ITO OH TO)Ke 'leA<r seK, OH o6A~aA TaAaHTOM aasoesbmaTh cep~ua Tex, KTO HMeA 'leCTb o6maThCR c HHMo B HeM eme Ha6AJO~aAHCh 6oAhwM Ha6o)KHOCTb H 60AbWOe qyBCTBO cnpase~AHBOCTH, HCKAJO'IHTeAbHM CllOC06HOCTb 6htCTPO OTMf<iaTb sepHoe OT AO)KHOro, YMepeHHOC.'Th npH npouseTaHHH H ycnexe, TBep~oCTb B 6opb6e c npespaTHOCTRMH cy~b6ht, 6oAb0

HYJIUHii

KOPOAh YMHPAET...

717

WHe cnoco6HOCTH He TOAbKO 8 06AaCTH BOeHHoro HCKYCCTBa, HO H B ~eAax MHpHoro crpmrreAhCTBa. Cpe~H 6ecnop~KOB sofun.1 OH C)'MeA

o6ecne'iiiTb OTJ\H'{Hoe ynpasAeHHe crpaHo:ii, pacnpocrpaHIITb HaYKH H HcKycCTBa so seeM caoeM KopoAeBCTBe. OH )'MeA 6btcrpo paao6paTbC.ll B CaMbiX cAO:>K.HbiX sonpocax H Ha:iiTH HaHAyqwue peweHllil H 9HepiWrno 6paAc.ll 3a HX BbmoAHeHHe. Bcex 9THX Ka'ieCTB 6bl.i\O y)l(e ~ocraTO'iHO, 'iT06bi C'iHTa.Tb ero o6paauoM seAHKoro Kopo.i\.ll, a ecAH npH6aBIITb K HHM eme TO llOCTO.liHCTBO, C KOTOpbiM OH CAe~OBa.i\ yqeHHIO HCTHHHOH peAHrHH, HCllOBe~yH KOTOpyiO OH BCTpeTH.i\ CBOIO KOH'iHHY> TO MO)I(HO CKa3aTb, 'iTO OH HaM MO:lKeT ~aTb llO'iTH llOAHOe npe~CTaBAeHHe 0 KOpOAe CBHTOM. Bo BCHKOM C.i\yqae, 6Aaro~apH 9THM ero Ka'ieCTBaM OH 6y~eT )l(llTb B BeKax, H TPY~Ho 6y~eT Ha.ifrn eMY pasHoro B HcropHH. EAaro~apH 9THM ~aposaHHHM ero HMH in benedictione erit (6AarOCAOBAeHo 6y~eT) sceMH nop~o'iHbiMH .i\IO~bMH» 131.

,l(NI KopHeAHo EeHTHBOAbO, TP~hl yrpo:iKaAO Kopo.i\10

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MO:lKHO, Kpyro H3MeiDIT o6pa3 :lKH3HH a Becr-HH~HH HAH B AMepHKe, HO npH yCAOBHH, 'ITO 9TH AIO~H «nOe~yr -ry~a ~o6pOBOAhHO». Aro~o BHK XJV HCnOAb3YeT ~NI 3T0f0 CBOH KOpOAeBCKHe rpaMOTbl, HO HMH He 3AOyno-rpe6NJ:eT. ,ll;a:ll<e KOr~a KaKaJI-HH6y~b CeMbSI npOCHT ero OTnpaBHTb 3a OKeaH c6HsrnerocH c nyrH CbiHa BMecro TOro, 'IT06hi 3aKAIO'lHTb ero Ha HeKOTopoe speMH B TIOPhMY so <l>paHUHH, KOpOAb OTKa3bmaeTcSI BbiDOAHHTb npocb6y o6 3Kcna-rpmuum, ecAH 3aHHTepeCOBaHHoe AHUO He ~aeT Ha 31'0 CBOero COrAaCHSI, H, TaKHM o6pa30M, .A.trrHAhcKHe oc-rposa H A YH3HaHa AHlllaJOTC.st MHomx cOTeH ~e rpHe H MaHOH AeCKO. B KOAOHH.stX no AH'!HOH BOAe MOHapxa Ha nepsoe MeCTO Bbl~BHra eTCSI 3a60Ta 0 AIO~SIX H 6epe:lKHOe K HHM OTHOUieHHe, C06AIO~eHHe COUHa.AhHOH cnpase~AHBOCTH H 3aiUHTa MeAKoro AIO~a. HecMo-rpH Ha y~aAeHHOCTb reppHTOpHH, BOHHY, HecMo-rp.st Ha cymeCTB)'lOI.llHe H .stpKO Bblpa:ll<eHHhie KOH-rpaCTbi Me:lK~Y AIO~bMH no COUHa.AhHOMY nOAQ:lKeHHIO H no 6oraTCTBy, KOH-rpaCTbi, xapaKTepHbie ~NI Haumx 3aMopCKHX reppHTopHii, Kopo.Ah H IToHrnap-rpeH 3anpemaJOT CAHUIKOM pe3KHe nOBbiUieHH.st UeH, CaMH HapyrnaiOT KOAOHHa.AhHblH naKT H CB.stTeHlll)'lO MOHOnOAHIO ~NI TOfO, 'lTOfibi :lKHTeAH OCTf>OBOB He CAHUIKOM c-rp~aAH OT nOCAe~CTBHH roAo~a B Me-rponoAHH a 1709 ro~y. YcraHaBAHBaeTCH c-rporoe Ha6AIO~eHHe 3a ynpaBAmOI.llHMH, BbiClliHMH oqmuepaMH H 6oraTbiMH nAaHTaropaMH. AM ynpas...vnomHx KOAoHH.stMH, CKAOHHblX K CaMO~CTBy, -rpefi)'IOT npHMeHeHH.st npHHUHna habeas corpus (3~ep)KaHHe, orpaHH'leHHoe 24 qacaMH) , Koroporo He 3HaAa Me-rponoAHSI. B 3THX OT~aAeHHbiX KpaJix c nporecraHTaMH o6paiUaiOTCH HaMHOfO Ayqrne, '!eM BO <l>paHUHH, H OHH TaM nOAh3)'lOTCSI 6oAhUIHMH cso6o~aMH. 3amHTa CaMbiX 6e~HbiX CAoeB HaceAeHHH ocymecTBNJ:eTCSI nyreM orpaHH'leHHSI 'Ipe3MepHblX npHBHAemH. Ero BeAH'leCTBo, - nHllieT rpa¢ ~e IToHrnap-rpeH, - XO'leT, 'lT06bi «npocrou AIO~» Ha oc-rposax 6o.Ahrne He c-rp~aA «OT T.strOT, nepeKAa~hmaeMhiX Ha HHX 6oraTblMH, H36aAOBaHHbiMH no~~ep)KKOH BAaCTeH» 193. A ~NI Toro, '!T06bi ynpaBAmOI.llHe 3HaAH, 'ITO pe'lb ~er a ~aHHOM CAyqae 0 nOAHTHKe, a He 0 nponar~e, KOpOAb pe111HA, ~eH CTBYH qepe3 csoero MHHHc-rpa, nposeCTH pM Mep, npH3BaHHbiX o6Aef'lHTh yqaCTb o6e3~oAeHHbiX CAoes HaceAeHH.st. OH pacnopMHAC.st, 'lT06hi Ha MapTHHHKe o6Aef'!HAH 6apmHHY, '!T06hi KOHTpoAHposaAH Me:lKeBaHHe, 'lT06bi nepecraAH ype3aTb 3eMAH 6e~HbiX noceAeHues no~ npe~AoroM Heo6xo~HMOCTH nposeCTH ~oporH . OH 3anpemaer yseAH'lHBaTh cy~e6Hbie H3~ep:>KKH. B KaneHHe, Ha AHTHAbCKHX ocrposax H a KaH~e OH BKAIO'laeT a rocy~apCTBeHHOe HMYJUeCTBo 3a6porneHHbie AaTH<t>~HH - OHH 6y~yr pa3~eAeHbi Ha ~OAH H OT~aHbl noceAeHuaM 6e3 cpe~CTB, 6e3 ~eHer. l1 TaKHx npHMepos seAHKoe MHO:lKeCTBO. l.J:epHbiH KO~eKC 1685 ro~a, KOTOpbrH 6biA O'leHb KpaTKHM, He MOf ~OA:lKHbiM o6pa30M o6ecne'lHTb 3al.llH-ry pa60B B KOAQHHSIX. Tenepb :lKe, oco6eHHO noCAe Ha'!aAa BOHHbi 3a HCnaHcKoe HaCAe~CTBO, Aro~oBHK XIV H IToHrnap-rpeH nocbiAaJOT o~Ho 3a ~pymM pa3bSICHeHH.st ryMaHHTapHOfO nopMKa ynpaBAmOI.llHM H HHTe~aH-

... A fOCY,M.PCI'BO OCTAETCJI

723

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724

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csoero npasAeHIDI eM)' yAaAOcb ctteAaTb TO.i\bKO 9TO- c<flopMHposaTb areHTOB BAaCTH, ero u.apcrsoscurne )"Ke MO)f(HO 6bl.i\O 6bi Ha3BaTh se.1\HKHM. He H3MeHHB nepsoHa'-la.AbH)'IO crpytcrypy Haweii <flopMbi npasAeHIDI, KOTOpaJI npe,ztCTaBJUleT C060H CO'-IeTa.HHe KO)\)\efHa.i\bHhiX <flopM H sechMa aBTOHOMHhiX MHHHcrepcKHX ttenaPTaMeHTOB, J\ro,ztOBHK XIV C}'MeA, )"Ke B 1661 ratty, ycraHOBHTb paBHOBecHe Me)f(,zty UeHTPa.i\bHhiMH HHCTHTYTaMH H HaHrn onpetteAeHHhrn CTH.i\b ynpasAeHIDI. 9To pasHosecHe He HBNieTCH 3aCTbmWHM, oHo He ycroWrn8o. CnlAb 9TOT He crepeOTHnHhrn, oH MO)f(eT H3MeHHTbcH H atta.nTHposaTbCH. B Te'-leHHe uapCTBOBaHHH- C 1661 no 1715 fOA- no BOAe MOHapxa, B CH.i\y H3MeHeHIDI 06CTOHTe.i\bCTB, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT .1\H'<J:HOCTH pa3HbiX MHHHCTpOB, OT BpeMeHH H He06XOAHMOCTH pasHOBeCHe MeWI.i\OCb, H3MeWI.i\CH CTH.i\b. J\ro,ztOBHK XV H ArottoBHK XVI H ,zta)f(e y)f(e pereHT He cMoryr coxpaHHTb B HenpHKOCHOBeHHOCTH HacAe,ztcrso. PereHT see H3MeHH.i\ no-<:BOeM)', H OH 9TO C,zteAaA, '-IT06hi B nepBYJO 0'-lepe,ztb yroAHTb CBOHM CTOpOHHHKaM H H3 ,zteMarOrn'<J:eCKHX C006pa)f(eHHH. J\roAOBHK XV BHeWHe sepHeTCH K <flopMaM 1715 ro,zta, KaK eC.i\H 6hi ANI 1 Hero <flopMa HMeAa 6o.i\bwee 3Ha'<J:eHHe, '-leM cottep)f(a.HHe. ArottoBHK XVI 6ytteT nonepeMeHHo nepexottHTb OT y3Koro KOHcepsaTH3Ma K 6eCKOHTPO.i\bHOH «pe<flopMOMaHHH» H B o6paTHOM HanpasAeHHH. Bee 6y.zteT npoHcxOAHTh TaK, KaK ec.i\H 6bi npeeMHHKH Be.i\HKoro KopoNI nO.I\h30BaAHCb MeXa.HH3MOM, He n03HaKOMHBWHCb npe.ztsapHTe.i\bHO co cnoco6oM ero ynOTpe6AeHIDI. Ho J\ro,ztOBHK XIV He BHHosaT, ecAH ero coseT H ero cnoco6 ynpasAeHHH MHHH:crepcrsoM, C03Aa.HHbie, '-IT06bi 6biTh npmOAHhiMH TPHCTa AeT, no'-ITH noAHOCTbiO norn6AH )"Ke s 1789 ro.zty. l.JTo )f(e KacaeTCH .i\IO.zteii, KoTOphie 6bl.i\H npH3BaHbi K PYKOBOACTBY crpaHOH, TO .Eyp6oHhi XVIII seKa coxpaHHT npe.ztcrasHTeAeii TPa.ztHUHOHHhiX ,ztHHacrHH (AO 1780 fO,zta - HeH36e)f(HhiX <De.i\.lffiO), H.i\H noC'IHTaiOT Ue.l\eC006pa3HhiM CHOBa nOBbiCHTb wnary B ymep6 MaHTHH, HAH MeHHTb reHepa.i\bHoro KOHTPOAepa Ka)f(Abie lliiTh AeT. iKH3HeHHhiH OnhiT H Aa.i\bHeiiwee passHTHe co6hiTHH nOKa)f(YT• '-ITO B 9TOM OTHOWeHHH OHH TaK)f(e He noHHAH csoero 3HaMeHHToro npettwecrseHHHKa. HettocraTO'-IHO HMeTb s csoeM pacnopH)f(eHHH KaKoroHH6yttb eAlffio, '-IT06bl opra.HH3osaTh xopowyro attMHHHcrpaTHBH)'IO CAy)f(6y; sepoHTHo, H)"KeH eme J\ro,ztoBHK XIV, '-IT06bi H3BAe'-lb H3 9TOH CAy)f(6bi MaKCHM)'M no.i\b3bi. HettocraTO'IHO KaKoro-HH6ytth OppH HAH KaKoro-HH6ytto Mawo, '<J:T06bi 3aMeHHTh )KaH-.bantcra Ko.i\b6epa; OlliiTb-TaKH 6ytteT He xsaTaTb J\ro,ztoBHKa XIV, '-IT06bi 3aMeHHTh Ha TPOHe J\ro,ztOBHKa XV. Bee 9TO He 3Ha'-IHT, '-ITO ArottosHK Be.i\HKHH 6bl.i\ He3aMeHHM. 9To 3Ha'-IHT, '-ITO ero ceKpeT eme ,ztaAeKo He pacKpbrr, He paso6paH, He npoaHaAH3HposaH. J\ro,ztoBHK XV H J\ro,ztoBHK XVI OKa)f(YTCH xpaHHTeNIMH 6e3)f(H3HeHHoro MY3eH, rtte HHKOr.zta He cMoryr pecraspHposaTb o6seTwasWHe KapTHHhi, rtte HHKOrtta He noMeHHIOT MeCTaMH xy,ztO)f(eCTBeHHbie 9KCnOHaTbl H He o6oraTHT KO)\)\eKUHIO y.zta'<J:HhiMH npHo6peTeHIDIMH. 8<fl<fleKTHBHOCTb npasAe-

... A rOCY~O OCfAETCJI

725

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731

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... A fOCYAAPCTBO OCTAETCR

733

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734

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NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR (BhllliE BCEX AlO~EH HA CBETE)

737

KOTOpOrO BbipOCAO 3a ,lteCRTb AeT B ,lteCRTb paa, C'<IIITaACH CaMbiM CHAhHbiM B MHpe B nepHO,lt Me)K,lty 1676 H 1705 rO,ltaMH, H, nOCKOAhKY OH 6biA HeOTbeMAeMOH '<lacTbiO BOOp)"KeHHbiX CHA, MO)KHO CKa3aTb, '<ITO BoiiHa 6hiAa r AaBHOH HH.nycrpHeii KopoAeBCTBa. Kopa6AecrpoHTeAhHhle Bepqm MOpcKHX apceHaAOB, CTpOHKH cyxOnyTHbiX H nopToBbiX <l:>opTOB nwpe60BaAH npHBAe'<leHIDI Me)K,lty 1661 H 1701 ro,ltaMH caMoro 6oAhrnoro KOAH'<leCTBa pa6o'<leii CHAhi BO ¢pa.m.urn co speMeH crpoHTeAbCTBa co6opoB. Pa3BHTHe - ymn<aAbHOe B TO speM.H - cospeMeHHOH BOeHHOH a,ltMHHHCTpa.IlHH CnOC06CTBOBaAO KaK 6hi BAHBaHHIO CBe)KeH KpOBH B opraHH3M crapoii rocy.napCTBeHHOH CTpYKT}'Pbl. HH o.nHa crpaHa He pacnoAaraAa K 1690 ro.ny <PAoToM, KOTOphrn Mor 6bi cpasHIITbC.H c <i:>AOTOM KoAb6epos; see B HeM 6biAO OTAH'<IHO OTAa)KeHo - '<IHHhl, npOitBH)KeHHe no CAy)K6e, )KaAOBaHbe, Kapbepa, neHCHOHHa.H cHCTeMa, couHaAbHoe crpaxoBaHHe. B cyxonymhiX soiiCKax, B BOT'<IHHe .ltHHaCTHH AeTeAhe .ne A y:sya, .no cHx nop HeHasecrHo, '<ITO 6hiAO CaMbiM rAaBHbiM: CAy)K6a npO.ltOBOAbCTBIDI, OpraHH3aUIDI MaprneBbiX nepeXO,ltOB, npo6AeMa KOMaH,ltOBaHIDI, TeXHH'<leCKHe Hao6peTeHIDI HAH M06HAhHOCTb BOHCK. 11o.no6Hoe Hanp.H)KeHHe H no.no6Hhie .ltOCTH)KeHIDI npe.nnoAaraAH, 6ea coMHeHIDI, noCTO.HHHYIO H Hanp.H)KeHHYIO BOAIO. HH )KaH-EaTHcr KoAb6ep, HH MapKH3 .ne CeHbeAe, HH MHrneAh AeTeAbe, HH MapKH3 .ne Ay:sya HHKor.na He CMOrAH 6bi o6ecne'<IHTh KOMaH.l{HhiM cocrasoM TpeXcOTIUITHAeC.liTHThiC.ll'iHOe soiicKo H ycneliiHo npOTHBocroHTh Bceii Espone, He 6y.nh y HHX no.n.nep)KKH TepneAHsoro H npoaopAHBoro MOHapxa, KaKHM 6hiA Aro.noBHK XIV. «Heaayp.ll,ltHbm TaAaHT MHHHcrpa HHKor.na He aaTeH.HA CAasy ero MOHapxa: Hao6opOT, sc11 '<leCTb OT ycnexa, a TaK)Ke nopHuaHHe aa HeKpacHBhm, He6Aaropo.nHhm nocrynoK OnHTb )Ke ,ltOCTaiOTC11 noCAe,ltHeMY, KOTOpbm C'<IIITaeTC.li nep44 BOllpH'<IHHOH BCero» • I109TOMy-To H CAe,ltyeT CO)KaAeTh 0 TOM, '<ITO Aro.noBHK XIV npo11BHA TaKyro cypoBOCTb no oTHorneHHIO K IT<PaAbuy. ,l(a)Ke no.no6Hoe, He6oAbrnoro MacrnTa6a onycrorneHHe CTpaHhi CAHUIKOM HanOMHHaAO y)Kacbi TpH.ltuaTHAeTHeH soilin,x, '<IT06hi He Bhi3BaTh paa.npa)KeHHe cpe.nH o6meCTBeHHOCTH, Y'Ke K TOMY speMeHH cHAhHO npHo6meHHOH K KYAhTYPe. ,l(a)Ke eCAH TropeHH BhmOAH.HA .ltaHHbie eMY npHKa3hi 6ea aaapeHIDI coBeCTH H eCAH A y:sya npo11BAHA C06CTBeHHOe pBeHHe, 9Ta npaKTHKa BbDK)KeHHOH 3eMAH OTBpaTHTeAbHa: CO)K)KeHHe 6Aaropo.nHoro feH.neAb6eprcKoro aa.MKa, HanpHMep, - 6oAhrne '<leM npecrynAeHHe, 9TO ornH6Ka! BCAe.n aa CeHAro.nosHKa XIV eme ynpeKaiOT B TOM 413 CHMOHOM,- '<ITO OH CAHlliKOM AI06HA crpoHTeAbCTB0 • Mbx c'<laCTAHBhi cero.nH.H, '<ITO y Hac eCTb BepcaAb H TpHaHOH, Mhi paithi, '<ITO Mo)KeM C06HpaTb TaM pa3AH'<IHhie pecny6AHKaHCKHe KOHrpeCCbi, npHHHMaTb rAaB HHOCTpaHHbiX rocy.napCTB, '<ITO HMeeM B03M0)KHOCTb BOCXHIUaTbC.li pOCKOliiHbiMH <PoHTaHaMH H AI06oBaTbC.li OCTaTKaMH pOCKOliiHOrO B npOliiAOM napKa; HO Mbl O,ltHOBpeMeHHO ynpeKaeM C03,ltaTeA11 BCeX 9THX qy.nec 3a TO, '<ITO OH CAHliiKOM MHOrO nOTpaTHA ,lteHer Ha HX OCYJ:UeCTBAeHHe. 8To He AOrH'<IHO!

738

3AKAIOtJ.EHME

OrpoiiKH Ero BeAH'IeCTBa (Aysp, TIOHAhpH, 06eepBaTopH11, sapoTa CeH-,l(eHH, ,l(oM HHB~OB, CaAbnerpHep, BaH.liOMeKa11 IIAOlU~h, CeH-%epMeH, BeHeeHH, BepeaAb, I<AaHbH, TpHaHOH, MapAH, He roBOpR y)l(e 0 pa3HblX MaAeHbKHX npOBHHUHaAbHbiX H HHOCTpaHHbiX BepcaA11X, KOTOpbte 6biAH nOCTpOeHhi B no~pa)l(aHHe aroMY BeAHKoMY TBopeHHIO), H CTpOHKH, noowpReMbte KOpoAeM (CeH-Pom, CeHCIOAhnHe, IIAOlU~h flo6e~, CeH-AYH-aH-A'fuh), 118)\jiiQTe.SJ HH.liYCTpHei:f KopoAeBCTBa, 3aHHMaiOIUei:f BTopoe Mecro noCAe HH.liYCTf>HH HaUHOHaAbHOH o6opoHhi. ECAH B Harne BpeM.SJ He TaK o'leBH,liHa OCTpa11 He06XO~HMOCTb 3THX HH.liYCTf>HH, B Te BpeMeHa OHa 6pOCaAaeb B r Aa3a BeeM: H BeAhMO)I(aM, H npOCTbiM AIO~.SIM. «I1peBOCXO~HO llOCTaBAeHHOe CTpOHTe.l\bCTBO» nOKa3biBaeT 3Ha'IHTe.l\bHOCTb KOpOA.SI, npaBAeHH11 H KOpOAeBCTBa. 8TH CTpOHTeAhHble pa60Tbl HMeiOT HeoenopHMoe no.hHTH'IeeKoe 3Ha'leHHe. Bee nOCTpOeHHoe - aro noCT011HHO ~eHCTByi01Ua11 BeeMHpHa11 BhiCTaBKa me~eBpOB <i:>paHUy3eKoro KAaeeH'IeeKOrO BKyea, eoee~CTByi01Ua11 e KOCMOnOAHTH'IeCKHM XAaMOM XIX H XX BeKoB. HH <t>paHuHeK I, HH AopeHuo Me~H'IH He eMorAH e~eAaTh rapMoHH'IHhiM eBoe pJKOBO~CTBo H eOTPY~HH'IeCTBo e npe~craBHTe)\jiMH HeKyeCTBa, BhieoKoro H 6hrrosoro. CJMeB Bhr6paTh esoHx HenOAHHTeAei:f-MacrepoB - KoAb6epa, 3aTeM A ysya, KaK eynepHmeH,llaHTOB, AeHOTf>a, Ae6peHa H MaHeapa, KaK xy~O)I(HHKOB, pa3pa6oTaBmHx o6wHi:f IIAaH, Kya3eBOKea, BHrapaHH, KeAAepos, T106H, EepeHa, EyAA.SJ H ~pymx, KaK xy~O)I(HHKOB ~A.SI BhiDOAHeHH11 OT~eAhHblX npOH3Be~eHHi:f, - Aro~oBHK XIV eo3~aA CTHAh pJKOBO~CTBa, KOTOPOMY see Beer~a XOTeAH no~pa)l(aTb, HO KOTOpbiH HHKTO He eMOr npeB30HTH. I1oc:,nemHoe BhmoAHeHHe HeKo:;opbiX npoeKTOB, HMneosH3HpoBaHHhiH nO~XO~ KO MHOrHM crpOHKaM, He6AaronpH11THblH KAHMaT MeCTHoeTH, r~e nocrpoeH BepcaAh, ~o npose~eHH.SJ 3~eeb ~peHa)l(a nO'IB 6biAH npH'IHHOH 6oAe3Hei:f, paHeHHH, ~a)l(e Hee'laCTHblX eAyqaeB e AeTaAhHhiM Hexo~oM. Ho MO)I(HO AH oueHHTh OTf>HUaTe.l\bHO H3-3a aToro Beeh xy~o)l(eCTBeHHhiH aHeaM6Ah CTpOeK? KoHe'IHO HeT. O~HaKO, ~ocroi:fHo eo)l(aAeHH11, 'ITO 3HaMeHHTbiH nosopoT BO~ peKH 8p, BH~YK MemeHoHeKHH, npoeKT KOToporo 6hiA rpaH.liH03HhiM, XOT.SI TeXHH'IeeKH ero peaAH3auH11 6bl.l\a B03M0)1(Ha, CTOHA 60.1\bWOH eJMMbi ~eHer H MHOrHx 'leAoseqeeKHX )I(H3Hei:f. Mo)I(HO eoKpymaTbC11 06 3TOM, HO He~OOUeHHBaTb Bee llOCTpOeHHOe He.l\b3.SI. «0 BeAHKOM 'leAoBeKe ey~RT no ero BeAHKHM ~eAaM, a He no ero omH6KaM»,- HanOMHHaeT HaM BoAhTep. B TO speM.SJ, Kor~a CTpOHAH aTOT 3.1\0nOAJ'IHhm KaHaA, YHeemHi:f MHoro 'leAoBe'leeKHX )I(H3Hei:f, 6biBaAH 6HTBbi, Kor~a norH6aAo ewe 6o.ll.bme Hapo~a. H Hao6opoT, HHKaKOH ~OrOBOp (~a)l(e HHMBereHeKHH) He ~aA TaK MHOrO ~A.SI eAaBhi Hamei:f CTpaHbi, KaK aHeaM6Ah BepeaA.SJ: ~Bopeu, ropo~, napK H npHcrpoi:fKH, apxHTeKTYPa H JKpameHH.SJ. lllsei:fuapuhl, HenoAh3oBaHHbie Ha pa6oTax no pbiTbiO TOrO BO~OeMa, KOTOpblH Ha3BaH HX HMeHeM, eo~aThi, JMepmHe Ha· T.SJ)I(e.l\biX pa6oTax no CTpOHTeAhCTBY KaHaAa peKH 8p, OT~aAH eBoH )I(H3HH He 3p.SI. HeAh311 eKa-

NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR (BbllliE BCE.X AIOMM HA CBETE)

739

3aTb TO )Ke 0 )KepTBax, npHHeCeHHbiX BO BpeMJI HeKOTOpbiX COBpeMeHHbiX BOHH. OrMeHa (1685 r.) HaHTCKoro <~~mcra (1598 r.) 1IB.MieTC.!l TpeTbHM nym<TOM o6BHHeHWI, o6bNHO Bbl.ltBHraeMoro nponm Aio~oBHKa XIV. OrMeHa HaHTCKoro <~~mcra nopoii ~~e BbJABHraeTc.!l KaK ocHOBHOH nymcr o6BHHeHWI. CKopee H~O roBOpHTb o6 aHTHilpOTeCTaHTCKOH noAHTHKe, nOTOM)' "<ITO OTMeHa Bcero AHIIIb )"KeCTO'Ia..>\a npeCAe~OBaHHe, ~AHBweec$1 ~o noro B Te'leHHe 'leTBepTH BeKa. 8To npeCAe~OBaHHe, He HMeiOmee OnpaB~a.HIDI B HaWHX rAa3aX, 6LIAO TOr~a He TOAbKO 06'h$1CHHMbiM, HO ~~e )KeAaTeAbHbiM HAH Tpe6yeMbiM Hai.J,HeH KaTOAHKOB OT enHcKona MoHT06aHcKoro ~o caMoro cKpoMHoro Tpy)KeHHKa. B XVI H XVII BeKax B xo~y 6LIAO Bbip~eHHe: «Cujus regia, ejus religio» («l<aKOBa pe.AHriDI KopoAA, TaKOBa pe.AHriDI CTpaHbi»). EcAH 6LI PecpopMa no6e,lUi.Aa, MO)KHO npe~noAaraTb, 'ITO KaTOAH'IeCKM peAHI'WI 6LIAa 6LI 6LICTpO 3anpemeHa. TaK KaK PecpopMa BO <l>pa.HUHH npoBaAH.AacL, CHTYai.J.H.!l CAO)KH.AaCb np$1MO nponmonoAO)KHM. Bnpo'leM, 6opL6a c epecbiO Bcer~a 6LIAa y Hac «KopoAeBcKHM ~eAOM»; c XIll BeKa o6$13aTe.AbCTBO BbipLmaTb epecb c KOpHeM (Haereticos exterminare) JIBA.!leTC.!l COCTaBHOH 'laCTbiO TOp)KeCTBeHHOH KNITBbi npH KOpOHOBaHHH. B 3THX yCAOBH.!lX Ha.HTcKIDi: <~~HKT Mor paccMaTpHBaTbC.!l TOAhKO KaK BpeMeHHM Mepa, Bbl3BaHHM o6cro.!lTeAbCTBaMH H npe~OCTaBA.!le MM npOTeCTaHTCKOM)' MeHLWHHCTBY KopoAeBCTBa. feHpHX IV TaK xopowo OC03HaBa..>\ 3TO, 'ITO ~OKYMeHT 6biA CKpen.AeH KOpH'IHeBOH ne'laTbiQ BMeCTO 3eAeHOH, KOTOpyiO 06bNHO CTaBHAH Ha B~Hbie 119 3~HKTLI • EcAH 6LI EeapHeu npo)KHA Ha 20 AeT 6oAbwe, craryc npOTeCTaHTOB (cBo6o~a BepoHcnoBe~a.HIDI H BoeHHo-noAHTH'IecKHe rapaHTHH) 6LIA 6Lx, B03MO)KHO, H3MeHeH B cropoHY orpaHH'IeHIDi H ~~e, MO)KeT 6b1Tb, llOAHOCTbiO nepeCMOTpeH. fiOCAe BOCcraHJrii: Ha lOre (1621- 1629) Aio~oBHKY XIll HeTpY~Ho 6biAO 6bx OTMeHHTL HaHTCKIDi: <~~HKT. OH OTMeHHA TOAbKO llOAHTH'JeCKHe ero llOAO)KeHWI. Kap~HHa..>\y PHweAbe H~O 6biAO Ill~ npOTeCTaHTCKHX KH$13eH HMnepHH. fp~aHCKM repnHMoCTb, XOT$1 oHa H Hapywa..>\a HOpMbi Hawero rocy~apCTBeHHoro npasa, npo~OA)Ka..>\a no~~ep)KHBaThC.!l. 8Ta repnHMOCTb Bcryna..>\a B nponmope'llie TaK)Ke c TeoAorneii rex BpeMeH. KaK B Aarepe PecpopMhi nacropbi o6emaAH nanHcraM CTp~a HIDI Be'IHOfO ~a, TaK H KaTOAHKH npe~CTaBAAAH ce6e npOTeCTaHTOB ropm.uHMH B Be'IHOM ome. B Te BpeMeHa rpy6o o6xo~HTbC$1 c ~HCCH ~eHTaMH, no~BepraTb HX HaCHAHIO B noM MHpe, 'IT06bi YKOPOTHTb HM CTp~a.HIDI B at(y, Ka3a..>\0Cb BllOAHe eCTeCTBeHHbiM H ~~e AOfH'IHbiM, 3aKOHHLIM H MH.Aocep~HLIM. floCAe CB$1T0ro .ABryCTHHa npH HacHAhCTBeHHoM o6pameHHH B KaTOAH'IecTBO npHMeH$1AaCb npHT'Ia: 4 «Compelle intrare» («Ilpmry~H Bom»t • Bocmrra.HHl>rn o'leHL Ha6o)KHoii MaTepbiO, Y'JHBwHHC$1 KaTeXH3Hcy y He3y-Krn, qpe3Bbi'IaHHO Bp~ ~e6HO HaCTpoeHHoro no OTHoweHHIO K PecpopMe, HcnoBe~yeMhrn H HacrasAAeMhrn CB$1llleHHHKaMH H npOnOBe~HHKaMH, 'JIBNIBWHMHC$1 .!lpbiMH cropoHHHKaMH KoHTppecpopMbi, Aio~oBHK XIV nOBHHOBa..>\C$1 roAocy CBOeH COBeCTH, HeHaB~$1 npOTeCTaHTOB.

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NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR (BbllliE BCEX AIO~EM HA CBETE)

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1. Almanach royal pour l'an mil sept cent quinze ... Paris, 1715, in-12. 2. ANSELME DE SAINTE-MARIE (Pierre de Guibours, dit le P.), Histoire genealogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France et des grands officiers de La couronne. Paris, 1726 - 1733, 9 vol. in-fo!. 3. ARNAULD (Abbe Antoine), Memoires..., dans Nouv. collect. des memoires relatifs l'histoire de France ..., t. XXITI. Paris, 1866, in-8°, p. 475 - 556. 4. ARNAULD D'ANDillY (Robert), Memoires..., Ibidem, p. 363 - 474. 5. BAllARD (Christophe), Brunettes, ou Petits airs tendres... melees de chansons danser. Paris, 1703- 1711, 3 vol. in-12. 6. BARTHELEMY (Edouard de), Madame La comtesse de Maure, sa vie et sa correspondance... Paris, 1863, in-12. 7. BERCE (Yves-Marie), Groquants et nu-pieds. Les soulevements paysans en France du XVf au XIX siecle. Paris, 1974, in-16. 8. BERENGER Gean) et MEYER Gean), La Bretagne a La fin du XVII siecle d'apres le rapport de Bechameil de NointeL Paris. 1976, in-8°. 9. BERUllE (Pierre, cardinal de), Discours de l'etat et des grandeurs de jesus... Paris, 1623, in-4°. 10. BERWICK Gacques Fitz:Jarnes, due et marechal de), Memoires... ecrits par lui-mime..., dans Nouv. coil. des memoires relatifs a l'histoire de France... , t. XXXII. Paris, 1866, in-8°, p. 303 - 466. 11. BOll.EAU (Nicolas), CEuvres completes. Paris, 1966, in-12 (Bib!. de Ia Pleiade). 12. BorsusLE (Arthur Michel de), Correspondance des controleurs generaux des finances avec les intendants, 1683- 1715. Paris, 1874- 1893, 3 vol. in-4°. 13. - Memoires des intendants sur l 'etat des generalites dresses pour !'instruction du due de Bourgogne, t. I. Memoire de La geniralite de Paris. Paris, 1881, in-4°. 14. BOSSUET Gacques-Benigne), CEuvres, ed. Velat. Paris, 1961, in-12 (Bib!. de Ia Pleiade). 15. BOUHOURS (R. P. Dominique), Entretiens d'Ariste et d'Eugene, M Radouant. Paris, 1920, in-12. 16. BOURDALOUE (R. P. Louis), ®mes completes ... , ed. de Sain~-Dizier, Agen et Dar-leDuc, 1864, 4, vol. in-4°.

743 17. ~RANCOURT (Jean-Pierre), L'intendance de Champagne a la fin du XVIf siecle, Edition critique des memoires «pour !'instruction du due de Bourgogne». Paris, 1983, in-8°. 18. BRICE (Germain), Description de la ville de Paris et de tout ce qu'elle contient de plus remarquable, 9• ed. Paris, 1752, 4 vol. in-12. 19. BUSSY-RABUTIN (Roger de Rabutin, comte de Bussy, dit}, Histoire amoureuse des GauZes, ed. Adam. Paris, 1967, in-12. 20. CAYLUS (Marthe de Mursay, comtesse de), Souvenirs de Mme de Caylus ... , ed. Noel. Paris, 1965, in-8°. 21. Ceremonies (Les) faites et observees au sacre et couronnement du roy Louis XIV en la ville de Rheims le dimanche 7 juin 1654 ... Paris, 1654, in-4°. 22. CHALJ...ES (Robert), Memoires de Robert Challes, ecrivain du Roi, ed. Augustin Thierry. Paris, 1931, in-12. 23.- Yoyage aux Indes d'une escadre franfaise (1690- 7691 }, ed. Augustin Thierry. Paris, 1933, in-12. 24. CHOISY (Francois-Timoleon, abbe de), Memoires..., ed. Mongredien. Paris, 1979, in-

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43. GaUBERT (Pierre), L'avenement du Roi-Soleil. 1661. Paris, 1967, in-16. 44. GRACIAN (Baltasar), L'homme de cour, trad. Amelot de la Houssaye. Paris, 1924, in12. 45. GUIFFREY Gules), Comptes des btitiments du Roi sous le regne de Louis XIV... Paris, 1881- 1901, 5 vol. in-fol. 46. HAsQUIN (Herve), L'intendance du Hainaut en 1697. Edition criti2ue du memoire redige «pour !'instruction du due de Bourgogne». Paris, 1975, in-8 . Histoire metallique du regne, cf. Medailles sur les principaux evenements du regne ... 47. JEAN EUDF.S (Saint), Lettres choisies et inedites ..., ed. Berthelot du Chesnay. Namur, 1958, in-16. 48. LA BRUYERE Gean de), CEuvres completes, ed. Benda. Paris, 1951, in-12 (Bibl. de la Pleade). 49. LA FAYE'ITE (Marie-Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, comtesse de), Histoire de Madame Henriette d'Angleterre, suivie de Memoires de la cour de France pour les annees 1688 et 1689, ed. Sigaux. Paris, 1965, in-8°. 50. LAMBERT (Anne-Therese de Marguenat de Courcelles, marquise de), CEuvres morales... ed. L. Colet Paris, 1843, in-16. 51. LA PORTE (Pierre de), Memoires ..., dans Nouv. coll. des memoires relatifs a l'histoire de France ... , t. XXXII, 1866, p. 1 -57. 52. LA ROCHEFOUCAULD (Franc;:ois, due de), CEuvres completes, ed. Martin-Chauffier et Marchand. Paris, 1964, in-12 (Bibl. de la Pleiade). 53.. LAUDENBACH (Helene), Chroniques de Port-Royal... Paris, 1946, in-8°. 53b... [Musee du Louvre, 3 octobre 1985- 6 janvier 1986.) Le Brun a Versailles. Paris, 1985, in-8°. 54. LEGENDRE (Louis), Memoires de l'abbe Legendre, chanoine de Notre-Dame, secretaire de M. de Harlay, archeveque de Paris ... , ed. Roux. Paris, 1863, in-8°. 55. LE GRAS {Mgr Simon... , eveque de Soissos), Proces verbal sacre du roy Louis quatorze du nom ... Soissons, 1694, in-12. 56. L'EPINOIS (Solange), «Louis XIV, Correge et !'appreciation des reuvres d'art», dans Gazette des Beaux-Arts, juillet 1965, p. 103- 104. 57. Lettres du XVI! sucle, ed. Henriet. Paris, 1945, in-8°. 58. LCEW Gacques) et MESLIN (Michel), Histoire de l'Eglise par elle-meme. Paris, 1978, in-80. 59. Lams XIV, Lettre du Roy ecrite a monseigneur l'archeveque de Paris pour faire chanter

le Te Deum en l'eglise Notre-Dame, en action de graces de Ia paix conclue avec l'Empereur et ['Empire. Paris, 1698, in-4°. 60. - Lettre du Poy ecrite a monseigneur l'eveque comte de Chalons, pair de France [demandant un Te Deum pour la victoire de Cassano) et Mandement [du dit), s. 1., (1705), in-8°. 61. - Lettres patentes en faveur des enfans naturels du Poy, pour avoir rang apres les princes du sang. Paris, 1694, in-8°. 62. - Maniere de montrer les jardins de Versailles, ed. Girardet. Paris, 1951, in-8°. 63. - Memoires, ed. Longnon. Paris, 1978, in-8°. - Voir aussi: Ordonnance. 64. Louis XIV et l'urbanisme parisien, Archives nationales, La documentation franc;:aise. Paris, 1984, in-8°. MADAME: VOIR PRINCF.SSE PALATINE. 65. MAlNTENON (Francoise d'Aubigne, marquise de), Lettres a d'Aubigne eta Mme des Ursins, ed. True. Paris, 1921, in-12. 66. - Lettres historiques et edifiantes adressees aux dames de Saint-Louis, ed. Lavallee. Paris, 1856, 2 vol. in-12.

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297. VORSANGER (Michel), Quand Louis XIV disgraciait, Nanterre, 1983, in-4° (mem. dactyl.). 0 298. WEILL (Georges), Le journal. Origines, evolution et role. Paris, 1934, in~ • 299. ZEu.ER (Gaston), Histoire des relations internationales, t. Ill Les temps modernes. II. De Louis XIV a 1789. Paris, 1955, in~0 • IlPHME'lAHIDI

300. [(KTaTa H3 Bv.bTepa CKOTTa. 301. CMOTpen. B 6H6AHorpacpHH Ha3BaHIDI pa3Hb1X craTeii: Cl>poCTeHa. 302. CMOTpen. TaM )Ke Ha3BaHHe craTeii: Taii:MKTa. 303. CMOTpen. rAaBY xxn. 304. CMOTpen. rAasy IV. 305. TioCAaHHe K PHMNm:aM, rAasa 13, cmx nepsblii. 306. [(KTaTa H3 ncaAMa 85. 307. XpoHH'iecKHii meii::m.rii a,!leHHT Ha3hiBaAH «30AOT)'XOH», a ewe «XOAO.ltHbfM noTOM». 9Ta 6oAe3Hb Ty6epKYAe3Horo npoHCXO)K.lteHHJI; OHa Bbl3hiBaeT a6cneccbl H q>HcryAbl. 308. 3aecb pe"'b H.lteT, KOHe"'Ho, o eCTeCTBeHHbiX BbiKH.ltbiDlax, npe)K.ltespeMeHHblx pOtlax. 309. To eCTb seAHKHii: ,ll;o¢HH, MoHceHbop, npOHCXOtlHA OT CH.lta 3150 pa.a. 310. OH, «Ma.AeHbKHii Meche», B 1660 rotly craHOBKTCJI repnoroM OpAeaHcKHM nocAe CMepm csoero .ltll.ltH Meche, facroHa, 6paTa JuoaosHKa XIII. 311. HHJcro He MO)KeT 6b1Tb A)"'UJHM OTilOM. 312. llpHHlleM ,lle KOH.lte OH 6y.lteT Ha3hiBaTbCJI TO.AbKO C ,lleKa6pll 1646 roaa, OOC.Ae cMepTH csoero QTila. Toraa )Ke, s AeKa6pe 1646 roaa, OH CTaHOBKTCJI nepsbrM npHHileM KpOBH. 313. 9To cosepmeHHOAeTHe 6biAO nposoar.AaWeHo B TiapAaMeHTe 7 ceKTJI6pll 1651 roaa. 314. («CH.lt»). 315. ,ll;().A)IQIOCTb .ltaeT .ltBOp.IIHCTBO (sceraa HaCAetlCTBeHHoe) s nepsoii: cryneHH, TO eCTb B nepBOM noKOAeHHH, eCAH o6Aa.llaTe.Ab STOH .lt().A)IQIOCTH nOA)"'aeT nO"'eni}'IO rpaMoTY nOCAe .ltBll.ll!l;rrH AeT npe6h!BaHHJI B STOii: ,ll().A)IQIOCTH H.AH eCAH OH )'MHpaeT npH ee HCOOAHeHHH. 316. Habeas corpus: rapatri'HJI npasa Ha aawHTY H cso60ttbl OT npeAsapKTe.AbHOro apecra, 003BONDOIIlaJI H36e)KaTb npOH3BO.AbHbiX apeCTOB H TIOpeMHb!X 3a.KAJQ-

"'eHHH. 317. Y Aa"'HOe Bb!p~eHHe AAeKcaH,llpa ,ll;IoMa. 318. 9Ta ,!laTa He scrynaeT B npOTHBope"'He c aaTOii: npetlbl.ltYIIleii: rAaBbi. ,ll;eii:CTBHTe.AbHO, 19 ¢espa.All 1652 rotla llana Ha3Ha"'aeT Pena KapAHHV.OM; a KapAHHa.AbCKaJI mano"'Ka eMY 6y.lteT spyqeHa Juoaosm<OM XIV 11 ceKT!16pll. 319. CMOTpen. y TiacKa.AJI «Tiopll.ltOK HCTHHHOH cnpasea.AHBOCTH»: «fpa.ll3.llWI: Hapotl ys~aeT AHil BbiCOKOpO.ltHbiX; He,liOCTaTO"'HO AOBKHe AlO.ltH HX npe3RpaJOT, C"'HTaJI, 'ITO po)K.lteHHe - Bcero AHlllb CA)"'aHHOCTb, a He npeHMYIIleCTBO AH'IHOCTH; AOBKRe HX ys~aJOT» ... H T. a. 320. 17 asrycra 1661 roaa. 321. lJ~rraeM so «Bceo6weM CAosape» <Propenepa: «9To mmapcKoe co.AHile, KOTOpoe He 06Aa,!laeT HH CHAOH, HH CBOHCTBaMH, 0 "'e.AOBeKe TaK rOBOp.!IT, "'T06bi CKa· SaTb, 'ITO OH He B COCTO.IIHHH HH'iero C.lte.AaTb». 322. Ha CaMOM a'eAe Kopo.AH Cl>paHilHH cKopee «MOryutHe HaCAe.ltOBaTb», "'eM HaCAeam.re. 323 • .Ecn, H .ltpyme BelllH, KOTOpbie orpaHH"'HBaJOT asropHTapHYJO BAaCTb: B TaKOH 60.Ablll0H crpaHe, KaK !Ppa.HllHJI, STO paCCTOJIHHe: OHO 3awHIIlaeT OT.lta.AeHHO

CCbiAKH 11 nPl1MEtiAlill7.

754

nOAAaHHLIX, a 3aTeM naCCHBHOCTb MeCTiiOH a.tiMHHHCTpaJJ.HH H KOHcpAHKTbl Me)f(,lly IOpHCAHKUWIMH. 324. 9ro cy)f(.l1eHHe npHHa..AAe)fOIT npocpeccopy liB MapHH Fepce. 325. BonpeKH TOMY, 'ITO cero.~tHJJ HHOr.~ta ymep)K.~taeTCa, 9TH KopoAeBCKHe npHii "H)KeHHl>Ie 6&IAH He I.UIHH'IHbiMH pea'laMH, H~aiOUlHMHC!! Ha HHUleTe Hapo.~ta, a AIOAbMH, )KeAaiOUlHMH Bbii"OAHO ITOMecnrn. CBOH KanHTaA. 326. B HaweM pacnop!l)KeHHH HX 6&IAO TOr.aa AHIHb 300. 327. TaKoe HaaBaHHe He.aeiiCTBeHHoro cpe.aCTBa .llaBa.AH B TO npeMII AeKapcrsy. t~OTOpoe, «He AaBal! o6Aer'leHHJJ, He npHHOCHAO TaK)Ke H epe.((a». 328. CMOTPeTb rAaey XIV. 329. CMOTPeTb rAaey XVII. 330. Crapwa11 H3 TPOHX B 1667 ro.ay Bi>IXO.llHT ~ aa repuora .ae llleepea, ilTOpM e 1671-M- aa repuora .ae EoeHAbe, TPeT&H e 1679 ro.ay - aa repuora .~te MopTeMap. 331. CMOTPeT& rAaey IX. 331-6HC. Cee.aeHHJJ, K<rropbiMH Mbl 00113aHbi AJOOeaHOCTH H KOMneTeKmOCTH Hawero MHAeiiwero KOAAem H .apyra rocnoJlHHa )KaH4>paHcya CoA&HOHa, K<rrop&m aaKaH'IHBaeT TPY.ll o ci>PaHUY3CKOM .aBOpe (ebrii.aeT B H3.llaTeAbCTBe «Po6ep AacpcpoH»). 332. )KaKAHHa IlacKaA& 6b1Aa cecrpoii EAeaa. B .~teHb no.anRcaHHJJ <PopMyA!!pa ORa HanHCa.Aa STy repOH'IeCKyiO -mpa,ay: «R 3HaiO, rOBOpHT, 'ITO He .~teBH'Ibe .aeAO 3aiUHIUaTb npae.ay; KaK 6bl TaM HH roeopHAH, eCAH ~ Mbi )KHBeM B 9TH ne'laA&Hble epeMeHa nOTPI!ceHHii, Kor.aa enRCKOITbl Ha,aeAeHbi MY)KeCTBoM .aeeHU, TO .aeBHD.bi .llOA)KHbi o6Aa,aaTh MY)KeCTBOM enRcKonoe. Ho paa y)K He Mbi .llOA)I<Hbi aaiUHIUaTb npae.ay, TO Mbl .llOA)I<Hbl yMepeT& aa npae.ay». 0Ha yMpeT e MOHaCTbipe lliaH 4 OKT116p11 1661 ro.aa, He KaK MY'feHHUa, HO, KOHe'IHO, KaK KOCBeHHal! )KepTBa npeCAe,llOBaHHJJ. 333. «AneAA!!UHJJ no cpaKTy 3AoynoTPe6AeHHJJ - sro )KaAo6a, no.aaHHal! B eepxoe· HbiH cy.a Ha uepKOBHbiH CyA, KOr.aa ero 06BHHJJAH B TOM, 'ITO OR npeBbiCHA CBOH DOAHOMO'IHJJ.» (MapceAb MapHOH). 334. YTO'IHeHHe, AI06eaHd npe.aoCTaBAeHHoe npocpeccopoM )KaHoM EepaH)Ke, 6oA&UlHM 3HaTOKOM ..lYHaHCKOH Eeponbi. 335. 9ro CAOBO npHHa..AAe)fOIT ¢AeWbe. 336. HaM Ka)KeTCII, 'ITO 9TO HCHO BHAHO H3 pa60T npocpeccopa <l>pocreHa. 337. CMOTPeT& rAaey XIII. 338. CMOTPeTb rAaey XI. 339. O.aHaKO 9TOT napa.aoKc 6biA no.~t.aep)KaH <l>HAmmoM 3pAaHrepOM B ero pa60Te «Mec&e, 6paT AIO.aoeHKa XIV» (1970 r.). 340. Ha CaMOM AeAe OH I!BA!leTCII npmmeM KapAOM AOTapmrrcKHM, a KapAoM V H repuoroM AOTapmrrcKHM OH CTaHeT ocpHUHaA&HO AHWb e 1675 ro.ay. 341. Pe'lb HAeT o TeKCTe, He BHeceHHOM AIO.aoBHKOM XIV e OKOH'IaTeAbH)'IO peAaKUHIO «MeMYapOB». 342. Mo:lKHo 6b1Ao 6bl npHMeHHTb K AI060BHHUaM AIO.~tOBHKa XIV sro 3HaMeHHTOe aacrOA&Hoe BbiCKa3biBaHHe MapTHHa AIOTepa: «He crpaweH TBOH TII)KKHH rpex, eCAH TBOa eepa CHAbHee». 343. MaprapHTa·Maprut AAaKoK {MOHawKa H3 IIape-Ae-MOHbi!Ab H oco6a, cKAOHHal! K MHCTHKe) 6y.~teT cnoco6CTBoeaTb peAHmoaHOMY no'IHTaHHIO, nponoee.abmaeMOMY CBIIThiM )i(aHoM 9.~tOM, cearoro cep.~tua I1Hcyca, COKpaiUeHHO Cearoro Cep.aua. 344. fipHHHMaeTCII BCeMH, aa HCKAIO'IeHHeM cmapwc KamtuU1C06 fepMaHHH {crpynnHpOBaBWHXCII BOKpyr ,l);eAAmrrepa) H KamtuUK06·XpucmuaH llieeifuapHH. 345. CMOTPeT& rAaey XXIII. 346. Il09T, ~e DOAY'fHBWHH .llOA:lKHOCTb Ka3Ha'lea ¢paHUHH, aa KoTOpyiO )KaAOBaAH ABOpHHCTBOM. )KHB}'II1HX

CCbiAKM H IlPHME'lAHIDI

755

347. flpe.lUIOAaraeTC.II npet~aapHTeAbHOe .l{0Ka3aTeAbCTBO .l{BOpliHCKOrO 3BaHHJI B "'eTBepl"OM DOKOAeHHH, TO eCTb sarurrepeCOBaHHbrH .l{OA:lKeH .l{0Ka3aTh, 'ITO ero npat~e.A no crrny 6~>IA y:lKe .ABOp.IIHHHOM. 348. CMOTpeTb r AaBY XXI. 349. CMOTpeTb rAasy VII. 350. 06pas )KaH-lliepa :Sa6eAoHa. 351. Ilpe:lK.lle "'eM 6h1Aa ony6AHKOBaHa aaMe"'aTeAbHa.ll t~HccepTauH.!i Ma.AaM J\.a6pycc {cMOTpeTb 6H6AHOrpacpmo). 352. (CoAbHOH.) CMOTPeTb npHMe"'amte 331-6Hc. 353. CMOTpm rAasy XVI. 354. CMOTpeTb rAasy X. 355. CMOTPeTb rAasy XVI. 356. CMOTpeTb r AaBY XIII. 357. Cerot~H.II: KpbiAO IlpHHUeB. 358. (PayAb )i(Hpapt~e.) 359. PayAb ~apt~e, npe.AHCAOBHe K «KaK noKasb!BaTh napKH<a.Abi BepcaA.!i». 360. IlpHMep: Ma.wHHHOe 06opy.AOBaHHe MapAH CTOHAO 514 000 AHBpOB B 1682 rot~y, a a 1683 ro.ny- 846 000 AHBpoa. 361. 9roT 6ocKeT cyweCTByeT .no cmc nop. 362. OH cyweCTByeT exue. 363. TaK Ha3biBaAH KOpcapoa ,ll;IOHKepKa. 364. EAaro.nap.!! HAAI03HH aepr.ua. 365. Mat~aM .ne KeAIOC 6~>IAa nOCTOJIHHOH noceTHTeAbHHUeii MapAH. 366. EAHaasen-IllapAOTTa IlcpaA~>ucKa.ll aepHT, Mat~eMyaseAb MyaH OTpHUaeT. 367. CAoaa J\.IOTepa. 368. (flCaAOM 85, CTHX 11.) 369. TaKoaa TPeaaa.11 oueHKa caMoro 6oAbworo aHaTOKa naCTOpa Mypa. 370. 9To a KaKOH·TO Mepe -reaHc npocpeccopa 0pCH6aA.II («J\.IO.noaHK XIV H npOTeCTaHTbi», n08CIO.Ay CCbiAKa Ha STOrO aaTOpa). 37 1. 9Ta npHT"'a .nonoAHeHa CB.IITbiM .1\.yr.oii, rAasa 14, CTHXH 15-24. 372. (OHope .ne oaAb3aK.) 373. Ilepaoe nOCAaHHe K KopHHcp.!!HaM, rAaaa 11, CTHX 27. 374. EaameAHe OT ca. MapKa. rAasa 3, CTHXH 28-29. 375. CMOTPeTb rAasbi XV H XXIII. 376. Cero.nH.II me HaaaaAH 61>1 -reXHoKpaTaMH. 377. (.1\.asapeH.A.) 378. B Be8e3be MeHI>we .Aa:lKe, "'eM, no no.nc"'eTaM no-repb, ao 8peM.11 npeCAe.noaaHH.II. MHorne asTopbi HaC"'HTb!BaiOT .lla:lKe 17 Kopa6Aeii. 379. «Bap, 8epHH MHe MOH AernoHI>I»: no CaeTOHHIO, 80CKAHUaHHe HMnepaTOpa ABrycra npH H38eCTHH o cMepTH Bapa H o ero nopa:lKeHHH 8 fepMaHHH. 380. CMOTpeTb .naA~>we. 381. Cero.nH.II Kap-raxeHa (KDA}'M6H.II, .nenapTaMeHT BoAHBap). 382. CMOTpeTb npe.nhiJlywyiO rAasy. 383. CMOTpeTh rAasy XXV. 384. 9To 6biAO HanpaBAeHO TaK:lKe Ha TO, "'TT6bi H36e:lKaTb no.nMeHbi .lle'reH. 385. «9KcKpeMeHThi "'eAoaeKa, KOTOpbril o6AeNaeT caoii :lKHBOT» (<t>IopeTbep). 386. CMOTpeTb rAasy XX. 387. (Bap6e .n'OpBHAbH.) 388. CMOTpeTb rAasy XXVIII. 389. Bee pa60Tbi npocpeccopa pocreHa 8 9TOM .nyxe. 390. CMOTpeTb rAasy XXX.

756

CCblAKH H IIPHMEtiAHIDI

391. ~ccepTaUHll a66aTa KoHbe. 392. B~>q>a.JKeHHe J\.aMapnma. 393. «<l>paHUys- apyr, uo He cocea».- «<l>pa.HU)'3 spar H He cocea!» 394. &os-9ayapa, HAH R.KoB ill, CbiH H HaCAeJlHH.K .KOpONI AHI'AHH &osa II. 395. Hs-sa aroro He sa6bma.JOTcR lllaropeHo, rpacp ae ¢lop6eH H MHome apyme. 396. 9Ty nepB}'IO 6HTBy npH XeXlllTea-re (20 ceiiT. 1703 r.), 6Aaronpwrmyro opy)I(Hl() JuoaosH.Ka XIV, He Haao nyttTh co sropoii 6HTBoH c TeM :lKe HaasamteM (H s TOM :lKe Mec-re), coCTORBill)'lOCll 13 asrycra 1704 roaa, .KOTOpu npHHeCAa no6eay npmmy EsreHHIO CasoiicKOMY, paarpoMHBweMY rpacpa ae TaAAapa H ae MapceHa. 397. fosopRT «Ibnuu nponaAO» o TOM, 'ITO ynaAo, paa6HAOCb, YHeceHo (BeTpOM, BOJlOH). 398. &os ill CTIOaPT, CbiH .KopoN! AHI'AHH &osa II. 399. 9To ocyweCTBIITCR TOAbKO B asryCTe. 400. CMOTPeTb rAasy XXV. 401. 2 c~. 23 {2-ll KHHra UapCTB, rA. 24). 402. J\.)'Ka 2, CTHXH 1 H 2. 403. CMOTPeTb rAasy XXII. 404. HanoMHHM, 'ITO HeiJosM'b'H.ble B BeHrpHH H TpaHcHAbBaHHH JIBAJIIOTCR HatiiHMH «COIOSHH.KaMH B ThiAY spara». l1x BO)f(Jlb - npHHU PaKOUH ¢lepeH11 II (16761735 IT.). 405. To eCTb npo-reCTaHTcKoe HaCAeaosamte. 406. ,lJ;orosop c Hcnamteii scrynaeT B cHAy c onoa,llamteM Ha TP" MecliUa. 407. 9TO BbrreKaeT H3 pa6oT lllapNI <l>poc-reHa. 408. Ccb!AKa Ha fOfiHIIO. 409. 9'1'0, HaDOMHHM, MeJlH.KaMeHTbl, KOTOpbie He npHHOCRT HH DOAbSbl, HH speaa. 410. <l>paaa lllaro6pHaHa B aHTIUiaDOAeOHOBCKOH CTaThe B «MepKypHH»: «HanpacHO AH.KYeT HepoH: s HMIIepHH Y:lKe poaHAcll Tawm>. 411. «THXOHbKO. Bblpa.JKeHHe, KOTOpoe o6oaHa'laeT: Ta:imo, ocropo:lKHo. OH nOTHXOHbKY yweA, OH 6eCmyMHO CKpbiACll; OH CJleAaA 9TO DOTHXOHb.KY, 6ea myMll, He npHAaraR 60AbWHX YCHAHH» (¢liOpeTbep). 412. ,lJ;NI60Aee DOllp06HOrO 03HaKOMAeHHJI C yseAH'IeHHeM M~ODOAHH H .KOAOHHH CMOTPeTb B .KOHUe rAaBbi XXVII. 413. 9'f0ro HaMeKa Ha DOCTpOHKH- sepOAOMCTBO CeH-CHMOHa, KOTOpbiH HH.KOr,lla He AI06HA BepeaAO - HeT HH B OJlHOM H3 JlByx paCCKa30B ,lJ;aH:lKO, B KOTOpbiX OH ,lleTaAbHO H RCHO OnHCaA 60Ae3Hb H CMepTb KOpONI. 414. J\.)'Ka 14, CTHX 23. 415. CTHX npenoao6Horo OTUa ,lJ;eAapxo, 61.mwero nponoseaHH.Ka npH asope, .KOTOpom Mbl BOCnpOHSBOllHM B IlpHAO:lKeHHH 2.

llPHAO.IKEHME 1

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flant>L" Yp6a.H vm (1623--1644 rr.), liHHOKeKI"HH X (1644-1655 rr.), AAeKCaH.IlpVIl (165~ 1667 rr.), I<AHMe~rr IX (1667-1669 rr.), I<AHMe~rr X (1670-1676 rr.), liHHoKeKI"HH XI (1676-1689 rr.), AAeKCaH.Ilp vm (1689-169 1 rr.), JiHHoKeKI"HH XII (1691-1700 rr.), KAHMe~rr XI (1700-1721 rr.). Fep.«aHC1CUt U.Mnepamofn>L" epAHHaH.Il m (1637-1657 rr.), AeonOAhA I (1658-1705 rr.), liocHcp I 1711 rr.), KapA VI (1711-1740 rr.).

(170~

Cy.AmaHt>t: M6parHM (1640-1648 rr.), MeXMe-r IV (1648-1687 rr.), CyAeiiMa.H ill (1687-1691 rr.), AxMe-r II (1691- 1695 rr.), Mycracpa II (169~1703 rr.), AxMe-r ill (1703--1730 rr.). KojJo.4u A~tuuu: KapA I (16~1649 rr.), [OAHBep KpoMBeAh, AOpA-npOTeKTop (1653--1658 rr.); PHqapA KpoMBeAD, AOpA-npo-reKTop (1658-1659 rr.)), KapA II (1649- 1660-1685 rr.), JIKoB II (1685-1688 rr.), BHAhreAbM m (1689-1702 rr.), Alma Cnoap-r (17021714 rr.), feopr I (1714--1727 rr.). Eaeapc1eue "YP4nopcmbt: MaKcHMHAHa.H I (1597-1623--1651 rr.), epAHHaH.Il·MapiDI (1651-1679 rr.), MaKcHMHAHa.H II-9MMa.JfYHA (1679-1726 rr.). EpaHOett6ypzc1Cue 1CJP1nopcmbl u 1CO/JfMU 8 npyccuu: feopr-BHAbreAhM, KYPcl>IOpcr (1619-1640 rr.), Cl>pHApHX-BHAl>reADM, KYPcl>IOpCT [Haa&maeMbm BeAHKHM KypcpiOpCTOM] (1640-1688 rr.), Cl>pHApHX m, EpaH.IleH6yprCKB:H KypcpiOpcr B 1688 mAy, CTaBI!lHH Cl>pHApHXOM I, KOpOAeM B llpyccHH (17011713 rr.), Cl>pHApHX-BHAbreAhM I, KOpOAh [HaabiBaeMhrii KopoAeM-Cep:lKaiiTOM] (1713--1740 rr.). KopfMu ,4a~tuu (u Hopeezuu): KpHCTHa.H IV (1588- 1648 rr.), Cl>peAepHK m (1648 - 1670 rr.). KpHCTHa.H V (1670- 1699 rr.), Cl>peAepHK IV (1699 - 1730 rr.). KofJo-4u HcnaHuu: <l>HAHrm IV (1621- 1665 rr.). KapA II (1665- 1700 rr.), <l>HAHrm V (1700- 1746 rr.). Fepgozu Aomapu~tzuu: KapA IV (1625- 1675 rr.), KapA V (1675- 1690 rr.), AeonoA&A I (1690- 1729 rr.).

Kyp¢10fJcmbt ll1Ja.Abga: KapA-MABHr (1648 - 1680 rr.), KapA II (1680 - 1685 rr.), <l>HAHrm-BHAl>reADM (1685- 1690 rr.), Mora.HH-Bw.&reAhM-liocHcp (1690- 1716 n ·.).

IIPHAO:>KEIDIE 1

758 Kopa,cu flM'bw.u:

JIH II Ka3HMHp (1648- 1668 rr.), MHxaHA BHWHeseui<IDi (1669 - 1673 rr.), JIH III Co6eci<IDi (1674 - 1696 rr.), ABrycr II CHALm.m (1697- 1704 rr.), CTaHHCAaB I AeiUHHCI<HH (1704- 1709 rr.), ABrycr II CHALHhlii (1710- 1733 rr.).

Kopa,cu Ilopmyuuuu: .IKya.H IV Y t~a'IAHBhiH (1641 - 1656 rr.), AcpcpoHcy VI (1656- 1683 rr.), (1683- 1706rr.), ./Kya.H V BeAHI<OAei!Hbril (1706 - 1750 rr.).

Ilet~py

I.Japu Poccuu: MHxaHA <l>et~oposJN PoMa.HOB (1613- 1645 rr.), AAei<ceif MH.xaifAoBJN (1645 1676 rr.), <l>et~op III AAei<ceesJN (1676- 1682 rr.), MBa.H V AAei<ceesJN (16821696 rr.), Ile-rp I BeAHKHii (1682- 1725 rr.). CaeouCKuezepyoz~

KapA-9MMa.H}'HA II (1638- 1675 rr.), Bmcrop-AMa.~~eif II (1675- 1730 rr.).

Kopa,cu Illeeyuu: KopoAesa KpHCTHHa (1638 - 1654 rr.), KapA X fycraa (1654- 1660 rr.), KapA XI (1660- 1697 rr.), KapA XII (1697- 1718rr.). MillrnCTPbl

H rAABbl BE,l\OMCfB BO <l>PAHUIDI (1661-1715 IT.)

focyt~apCTBeHHble MHHHCTphi ('lAeHbl focyt~apCTBeHHoro cosera, HAH BepxosHoro Cosera, HAH Cose-ra MHHHcrpos):

1661 <l>yl<e, AHoHH, Ae-reA~.e. 1661 KoA~o6ep, AHoHH, Ae-reA~>e. 1671 KoA~o6ep, AHoHH, Ae-reA~.e. 1672 KoA~o6ep, ApHO t~e IloMnOHH, AeTeA~.e, Aysya. 1678 KoA~>6ep, ApHo t~e IloMnoHH, Ae-reA~.e, Aysya. 1679 KoA~.6ep, KpyaccH, Ae-reA~.e, Aysya. 1682 KoA~.6ep, KpyaccH, Ae-reAI.e, Aysya. 1683 AeneAeThe, KpyaccH, Ae-reA~>e, A ysya. 1688 AeneAeThe, KpyaccH, Aysya. 1689 AeneAene, CeH~.eAe, KpyaccH, Aysya, IloHWap1peH. 1690 AeneAeThe, CeH~.eAe, KpyaccH, Aysya, IloHWap1peH. 1691 AeneAeThe, KpyaccH, Aysya, IloHWap1peH. 1691 MoHceHhOp, EosHAhe, AeneAeThe, ApHo t~e IloMnOHH, KpyaccH, IloHWap1peH. 1697 MoHceHhop, EosHALe, AeneAeThe, ApHo ,11e IloMnoHH, IloHWap1peH. 1698 MoHceHhOp, EosHA~>e, ApHO t~e IloMnOHH, IloHwap1peH. 1699 MoHceHhOp, EosHALe, ApHO t~e IloMnOHH, IloHWap1peH. 1700 MoHceH~>op, EosHA~.e, TopcH, IloHWap1peH, IllaMHiiRp. 1702 MoHceHhOp, repuor EypryH'Jlci<IDi, EosHALe, TopcH, IloHWap-rpeH, IllaMHIDip. 1708 MoHceHhOp, repuor EypryH'Jlci<IDi, EosHALe, TopcH. IloHwap1peH, IllaMHiiRp, ~Mape.

1709 MoHceHhOp, repuor Eypi)'HJlCI<HH, EosHALe, TopcH, IloHWap1peH, ,ll;eMape, Bya3eH. 1712 fepuor EypryH'Jlci<IDi, EosHAJ>e, TopcH, IloHWap-rpeH, ,ll;eMape, Bya3eH. 1713 EosHALe, TopcH, IloHWap1peH, ,ll;eMape, Bya3eH. 1714 EosHALe, TopcH, IloHWap1peH, ,ll;eMape, Bya3eH. 1715 TopcH, ,ll;eMape, Bya3eH, BHA~opya.

IIPHAO)KEHHE I

759

KaHUAep~>r <llpaHUHH H

XpamrreAH neqareii: l. lliep Cen.e, xpaHHTeAL neqareii B 1633 ro~y. KaHUAep a 1635

ro~y.

)'Mep a 1672

ro~y.

2. 8n.ea ~路AAHrp, xpaHHTeAL neqareii B 1672 ro~y. KaHUAep B 1674 ro~y. )'Mep a 1677 ro~y. 3. MHweAb AeTeA~>e {eM. Bbillle), KaHUAep a 1677 ro~y. )'Mep a 1685 ro~y. 4. Aya Eywpa, KaHUAep a 1685 ro~y. )'Mep a 1699 ro~y. 5. Aya eAHno, rpacp ~e lloHmapTpeH {eM. Bbillle), KaHUAep a 1699 ro~y. a OTCTa.BKe e 1714 ro~a. 6. ,ll;aHHeAL-<llpaHeya ByaseH {eM. Bblllie}, KaHUAep a 1714 ro~y. )'Mep B 1717 ro~y. B) fAasbi KOpoAeBeKoro eosera cpHHaHeos: l. HHKoAa ~e HeBHAb, repnor ~e BHAbpya, rAasa KOpoAeseKoro eosera B 1661 ro~y. )'Mep a 1685 ro~y. 2. ilOAb, repnor ~e DOBHAbe {eM. Bblllie}, rAaBa KOpOAeBeKOI'O eOBeTa B 1685 ro~y, )'Mep a 1714 ro~y. 3. <llpaHcya ~e HeBHAb, repnor ~e BHAbpya {eM. Bbillle), rAasa KOpOAeBeKOI'O eOBeTa B 1714 H 1715 ro~ax.

focy~apCTBeHHDxe

eeKpeTapH:

flepBaR dM:JICIWCTT!b (pJ1Co8oiJCm80 80CHH!JLMU iJua...uu):

1. MHweAb AereADe {eM. Bblllie), roey~apCTBeHHhlii eeKpeTapb e 1643 no 1677 ro~. 2. <llpaHeya-MHweAb AeTeA~>e, MapKHa ~e Aysya {eM. sbrme), npeeMHHK B 1655 ro~y. eosMeCTHoe PYKOBO~CTBo B 1662 ro~y. roey~apCTBeHHhlii eeKpe-rap~> a 1677 ro~y. )'Mep a 1691 ro~. 3. Aya-<l>paHeya-MapH AeTeA~>e ~e Eap6eabe, npeeMHHK a 1685 ro~y. roey~apCTBeH颅 Hbrli eeKpe-rap~> a 1691 ro~y. )'Mep B 1701 ro~y. 4. MHweAb IIIa.MHfulp {eM. Bbillle), roey~apCTBeHHbrli eeKpe-rapb e 1701 no 1709 ro~. 5. ,ll;aHHe.Mr<llpaHeya ByaseH {eM. Bblllie), rocy~apCTBeHHbrli eeKperap~> e 1709 no 1715 ro~. BmopaR dM:JtCHOCm!J (PJ1C080dCm80 iJBopo.芦 KopfJ.Ul, napu31Ce...u, iJyxoBeHcmBOM, 4J.Aomo.u):

l. AHpH ~e feHero, roey~apCTBeHHDm eeKpeTap~> e 1643 no 1669 ro~. 2. .IK.aH-EaTHcr KoA~>6ep {eM. Bblllie), roey~apCTBeHHbrli eeKperap~> a 1669 ro~y. )'Mep a 1683 ro~y. 3. .IK.aH-EaTHCT KoAL6ep, MapKHa ~e CeHDeAe {eM. Bbillle), npeeMI:IHK B 1672 ro~y. rocy~apCTBeHHbrli eeKperapb B 1683 ro~y. )'Mep B 1690 ro~y. 4. Aya-<l>eAHno ~e lloHlliapTpeH {eM. BLIWe), roey~apCTBeHHbrli eeKpeTapb e 1690 no 1699 ro~. 5. .IK.epoM eAHno, rpacp ~e lloHmapTpeH, npeeMHHK B 1693 ro~y. roey~apCTBeHHDm eeKperap~> e 1699 no 1715 ro~. TpemM iJo.A:JICHoCm!J (pyKoBoiJcmBo uwcmpaHHbLMU iJua...uu): ~e AoMeHH ~e EpHeHH (aaHHMasuum ~o aToro BTOp)'lO ~OAJKHOCTD roceeKpeTap.!i), roey~apcrseHHDm eeKpeTap~> Ha TpeTDeH ~OAJKHOCTH Ha'IHHa.ll e 1643 ro~a. B OTCTa.BKe e 1663 ro~a. 2. nor ~e AHoHH {eM. BDime), MHHHCTp B 1659 ro~y. roey~apCTBeHHDm eeKperapb B 1663 ro~y. )'Mep B 1671 ro~y. 2-6He. MapKHa ~e Aysya {eM. Bblllie}, speMeHHoe HenoAHeHHe 9TOH ~OA)KHOCTH e 1671 no 1672 ro~. 3. CHMoH ApHo ~e lloMnoHH {eM. B~>rwe), roey~apCTBeHHbm eeKperap~> B 1672 ro~y. eMeweHHbJii e ~OAJKHOCTH B 1679 I'OliY路

1. AHpH-Onocr

760

fiPHAO)KEIDfE I

4. lllapAb KoAb6ep, MapKH3 .ae KpyaeeH (eM. BbiWe), rocy.aapCTBeHHhrii eeKptrrapb a 1679 ro.ay, YMep a 1696 ro.ay. 5. )KaH-EaTHCT KoAb6ep, MapKH3 .ae TopeH (eM. abune), npeeMHHK a 1689 ro.ay, roey.aapCTBeHHbm eeKpe-rapb e 1696 no 1715 ro.a.

lfemeepmaJl d().(:JICXocm'b (ynpa6.4e'ltue iJua.Mu npomecma~tmcxoii pe.tuzuu): 1. A)'H-<t>eAHIIo .ae AaspHiiep, roey.aapCTBeHHhrH eeKptrrapb a 1629 ro-~ty, YMep a 1681 ro.ay. 2. EaAbTa3ap <l>eAHIIo, MapKH3 -~te lllaTOHecp, npeeMHHK a 1669 ro_~ty, roey-~tapCTBeH HhxH eeKpeTapb a 1681 ro-~ty, YMep 8 1700 ro-~ty. 3. A )'H-<l>eAHIIo, MapKHa _~te AaapHiiep, roey-~tapCTBeHHhrH eeKptrrapb B 1700 ro-~ty, YMep a 1725 ro_~ty. ,lJ;) feHepaAbHble KOIITpOAepbl cpHHaHeOB: 1. )KaH-EaTHCT KoAb6ep (eM. Bb!We), HIITeH.aaHT cpHHaHeoa a 1661 ro-~ty, reHepaAbHhm KOIITpOAep a 1665 ro-~ty, YMep a 1683 ro-~ty. 2. KAo.a AeneAeTbe (eM. Bbnne), reHepaAbHbrH KOIITpOAep e 1683 no 1689 ro.a. 3. A)'H-<t>eAHIIO -~te IToHwap1peH (eM. 8hiwe), reHepaA1>Hhm KOH1pOAep e 1689 no 1699 ro_~t. 4. MHWeAb lllaMHJbq> (eM. Bhlwe), reHepaAbHbm KOH1pOAep e 1699 no 1708 ro_~t. 5. Hm<oAa ,ll;eMape (eM. abiWe), reHepaAbHhxH KOH1pOAep e 1708 no 1715 ro.a.

E) CynepmrreH.aa.HTbi CTJ>OHTeAbCTBa KopoNI: 1. AlrryaH -~te Pa-ra6oH, eynepHHTeH.aaHT e 1656 no 1664 ro_~t. 2. )KaH-EaTHCT KoAb6ep (eM. 81>nue), eynepHHTeH.aaHT a 1664 ro-~ty, YMep a 1683 ro_~ty. 3. <l>paHeya-MHWeAb Ae-reAhe _~te Ayaya (eM. a1>nne), eynepmrreH.aaHT a 1683 ro.ay, YMep a 1691 ro-~ty. 4. 9-~tyap.~t KoAb6ep, MapKHa -~te BHAAaeep, eynepHHTeH.aaHT e 1691 no 1699 ro_~t. 5. )Kx)Ab Ap-~ty9H-MaHeap, eynepmrreH.aaHT a 1699 ro-~ty, YMep 8 1708 ro.ay. 6. A)'H-AirryaH -~te ITap.~tafuni -~te foH.~tpeH, repnor .a'AHTeH, reHepaAbHhlii .aHpeKTOp CTJ>OKreAbCTBa a 1708 ro-~ty, YMep a 1736 ro-~ty. ·

£.) feHepaAbHble -~tHpeKTOpbi cpopTH¢HKanHii: 1. MmneAb AeneAeTbe -~te CyaH, reHepaAbHbm -~tHpeKTOp e 1691 no 1715 ro.a.

)K) CynepHHTeH.lta.HTbi no<rr H nO'ITOBbiX CTaHUHii <l>paHUHH: 1. )KepoM _~te Hyao _~te <l>poMOH, eynepHHTeH.aaHT e 1639 no 1665 ro.~t. 2. <l>paHeya-MmneAb Ae-reAbe .ae Ayaya (eM. Bhnne)- BblflOAWIBwHH e 1665 no 1668

rO.lt oeHOBH}'lO 'laCTb cp)'HKUHH .lt0A)f(H0CTH eynepHIITeH.ltaHTa, eynepHHTeH.aaHT B 1668 ro.~ty, YMep 8 1691 ro-~ty. 3. KAo-~t AeneAeTbe (eM. Bbnne), eynepHHTeH.ltaHT e 1691 no 1697 ro_~t. 4. CHMOH ApHo _~te IToMnOHH (eM. Bhnne), eynepHIITeH.ltaHT B 1697 ro.~ty, YMep a 1699 ro.ltY· 5. )KaH-EaTHCT KoAh6ep, MapKHa _~te TopeH (eM. Bhiwe), eynepmrreH.ltaHT e 1699 no 1723 ro-~t.

3) feHepaAbHble .ltHpeKTOpbl cl>HHaHeOB: 1. )Koaec.p..){(aJt-EaTHCT <l>AepLO .~t'ApMeHOHBHAb, .ltHpeKTOp e 1701 no 1708 ro_~t. 2. fuep PyHe .lt!O Ky.~tpe, -~tHpeKTop e 1701 no 1703 ro-~t.

IlPHAO)KEHHE 1

761

3. Hm<oAa ,ll;eMape (eM. sbUlle), .~U~peKTOp e 1703 no 1708 ro.ll.

H) CoseTHHKH s KopoAeseKOM eose-re ¢HHaueos:

Ilepsa.Jt dM:JIC1tOC1T!b." 1. 9-n.eH .ll'Ahmp (eM. Bb!We), eOBeTHHK B KOpOAeBeKOM eOBeTe e 1661 no 1672 I'O,!l. 2. AHpH 11Ioccop, eoseTHHK s KOpoAescKOM eose-re s 1672 ro.lly, YMep s 1697 ro.lly. 3. Onocr-Po6ep .lle TioMpe, eoseTHHK s KOpoAeseKOM eose-re s 1697 ro.lly, YMep s 1702 ro.lly. 4. MHweAb AeneAeTbe ,!le Cy3H (eM. Bblwe), eOBeTHHK B KOpoAeBeKOM COBeTe e 1702 no 1715 ro.ll.

Bmopa.Jt dM:JIC1tOC1T!t>: 1. AAeKeaH.llp .lle Ces, eoseTHHK s KopoAeseKOM cose-re s 1661 ro.lly, YMep s 1679 ro.lly. 2. fuep TioHee, eOBeTHHK B KOpOAeBeKOM eOBeTe B 1679 I'O.lly, YMep B 1681 I'O.lly. 3. A'JH Bywpa (eM. Bbiwe), eoseTHHK s KopoAeseKOM eose-re e 1681 no 1685 ro,!l. 4. <l>paueya .ll'Apry:~K, eOBeTHHK B KOpOAeBeKOM COBeTe B 1685 I'O.lly, YMep B 1695 ro.lly. 5. AHpH .ll'Areeeo, eOBeTHHK B KOpOAeBeKOM eOBeTe e 1695 nO 1715 rO,lt.

H) lfuTeH.ztlUITbl cl>HHaHeOs: 1. .IKaK Aenme, mrreH.ztaHT ¢HHaucos e 1649 no 1661 ro.zt. 2. ,ll;eHH MapeH, HHTeH.ztaHT ¢HHaueos e 1650 no 1678 ro.zt. 3. .IKau-BaTHcr KoAb6ep (eM. BbiWe), mrreH.ztaHT ¢HHaueos e 1661 no 1665 ro.zt. 4. BeHeaH OJ'Mau, mrreH.ztaHT ¢HHaucos e 166(?) no 16(??) ro.zt. 5. Hm<oAa ,ll;eMape (eM. sbUlle), mrreH.ztaHT ¢HHaueos c 1678 no 1684 ro.ll. 6. MHweAb AeneAeTbe ,!le Cy3H (eM. BbUlle), HJrreH.ztaHT ¢HHaueos e 1684 no 1701 ro.zt. 7. <l>paueya-BHKTOp AeTOHHeAbe ,!le Bpe-reii, mrreH.ztaHT ¢HHaueos e 1684 no 1701 rO,!l. 8. A'jH-<l>eAHno .zte TioHWap-rpeH (eM. sbUlle), HHTeH.ltaHT ¢HHaueos e 1687 no 1689 ro.zt. 9. MHweAb lliaMHWrp (eM. BbiWe), HHTeH,ltaHT cl>HHaHeOB C 1690 no 1699 rO,!l. 10• ./Ko3e¢-.IKifu-oaTHcr <t>AepbO .ll'ApMeHOHBHAb (eM. Bb!We), HHTeH,ltaHT ¢HHaueos e 1690 no 1701 ro,!l. 11. KoHCTaHTeH 9.zt6ep .ztiO DIOHeeoH, HHTeH.ltaHT ¢HHaueos e 1690 no 1714 ro.zt. 12. A}'H-Yp6eH Ae¢esp .lle KoMapTeH, HHTeH.ltaHT ¢HHaueos e 1690 no 1715 ro.zt. 13. ApMau-PoAaH DHHbOH .lle DAaH3H, HHTeH.ltaHT ¢HHaucos e 1699 no 1709 ro.zt. 14. MHweAb-Po6ep AeneAe'l'be .zte <Pop, HHTeH.ltaHT ¢m~aueos e 1701 no 1715 ro,!l. 15. <l>paueya fHiie, HHTeH.ltaHT ¢HHaueos e 1704 no 1715 ro.zt. 16. AAeKCaH.llp Aepe6yp, HHTeH.ltaHT ¢HHaueos c 1704 no 1715 ro.zt. 17. .IKaK TiyAAe'l'be, HHTeH.ztaHT ¢m~aueos s 1708 ro.zty, YMep s 1711 ro.zty. 18. lllapAb-AHpH ,!le MaAOH .zte BepeH, HHTeH.ltaHT ¢HHaueos e 1709 no 1715 ro.zt. 19. &ep TiyAAe'l'be, HHTeH.ltaHT ¢HHaueos e 1711 no 1715 ro.zt. 20. A'JH <t>aroH, HHTeH.ztaHT ¢HHaueos s 1714-1715 ro,!lax. K) HlrreH.ztaHTbi roprosAH: 1. ,ll;eHH-.IKau-MHweAb AMAo .zte lllaiiiO, HHTeH.ltaHT roproBAH e 1708 no 1715 I'O.ll. 2. A'jH-paueya Ae¢esp .lle KoMapTeH .zte ByaceH, HHTeH.ltaHT roprosAH e 1708 no 1715ro.zt.

nPHAO)I(EIDfE 1

762

3. Cesap-lllapAL AeKoAom.e, mrreHAa.HT roprosAH c 1708 no 1715 rot~. 4. A)'H-lllapAb t~e Mamo, mrreHAa.HT roproBAH c 1708 no 1715 rot~. 5. .IKaH Pyiie t~e <t>OJrreH, mrreHAa.HT roprosAH c 1708 no 1715 rot~. 6. HosAL ~aHHKaH t~e AaHtiHBH3bO, HJITeHAa.HT roprosAH c 1711 no 1715 rot~. A) r AaBHble Ha.MeCTHHIOI nOAHUHH IIapiDKa: 1. fa6pH9Ab-lim<OAa t~e Aapemm, Ha.Mecnmx noAm.um c 1667 no 1697 rot~. 2. MapK-PeHe t~e Byaiie t~e IlOAbMH t~'Ap?KaHCOH, Ha.MecnmK noAHUHH c 1697 no 1718 rot~. M)

~yxosHHKH

KopoNI:

1. IIIapAL IloAeH (1593-1653 rr.), Hesym-, t~yxosHHK c 1649 no 1653 rot~. 2. <t>paHcya AHHa (1590-1670 rr.), Heaym-, t~yxOBHHK c 1654 no 1670 rot~. 3. ./KaH <t>eppbe (1614-1674 rr.), Heaym-, t~yxosHHK c 1670 no 1674 rot~. 4. <t>paHcya t~'8Kc J.te Aawea (1624-1709 rr.), Ha3bmaeMbm OTIXOM AaweaoM, HesyHT, tlyxOBHHK C 1675 no 1709 rot~. 5. MmueAb Ae-reAbe (He HMeiOIUHH HHKa.KHX pot~CTBeHHbiX ys c Ka.HnAepoM <t>paHUHH) (1643-1719 rr.), Hesym-, t~yxOBHHK c 1709 no 1715 rot~.

H) ApXHenHCKOllbl IIapiDKa: t~e foHJ.tH (1613-1679 rr.), KapJ.tHHaA t~e Peu, KOatl"biOTOp IIapiDKa H apXHenHCKOn KopHH¢a B 1643 rot~y, apXHenHcKOn IIapiDKa c 1654 no 1662 rot~. 2. lliep J.te MapKa (1594-1662 rr.) HasHa"'eH apXHenHcKonoM IIapiDKa s 1662 rot~y, )'Mep ,!10 B03Bet~eHHJI B CaH. 3. Apt~ysH t~e BoMOH J.te IIepe¢HKc (1605-1670 rr.), apXHenHcKon IIapiDKa c 1662 no 1670 rot~. 4. <t>paHcya t~e ApAe t~e lllaHBaAAOH (1625-1695 rr.), apXHenHCKon IIapiDKa c 1671 no 1695 rot~. 5. A)'H-AHTyaH, Kapt~HHaA t~e Hoaii (1651-1729 rr.), apXHenHCKOn IIapiDKa c 1695 no 1729 rot~.

1. .IKaH4>paHcya-IloAL

MAPWM.bl <t>pAHl.Ulli ( 1643-1715

IT.)

1643 r. <t>paHcya t~e AomrraAL, rpa¢ t~e PocHe, ceHbOp t~IO AAAI>e (1583-1660 rr.). 1643 r. AHpH t~e J\.aryp, BHKOHT t~e TIOpeHH (1611-1675 rr.). 1643 r. .IKaH t~e faccHOH (1609-1647 rr.). 1645 r. Ceaap repuor t~e lllyaseAL, rpa¢ t~IO llieccH-IlpaAeH (1598-1675 rr.). 1645 r. Hocwt rpa¢ <PoH PaHUay (1609-1650 rr.). 1646 r. Hm<oAa t~e HesHAL, repuor t~e BHALpya (1598-1685 rr.). 1651 r. AHTyaH t~'OMOH, MapKH3 t~e BHALKbe (1601-1669 rr.). 1651 r . .IKaK t~'STa.Mn, MapKHs t~e Aa¢ePTe-8M6o (1590-1668 rr.). 1651 r. IIIapAL t~e MoHIUH, MapKH3 .a'OKeHKyp (1599-1658 rr.). 1651 r. AHpH, repuor t~e Aa¢epre-CeHTep (1600-1681 rr.). 1651 r . .IKaK PyKceAL, rpa¢ .ae fpaHce H.ae Me.aasH (1603-1680 rr.). 1652 r. ApMaH-HoMnap .ae KoMoH, repuor .ae Aa¢opc (oKOAO 1578-1675 rr.). 1653 r. A)'H <t>yKo .ae CeH-.IKepMeH, rpa¢ tiiO ~OHbOH, BBUe-at~MHpaA (oKOAO 16161659 rr.). 1653 r. Cesap-<t>e6yc .a'AAb6pe, rpa¢ .ae MboccaH, )'Mep B 1676 rot~y. 1653 r. <l>HAHim .ae KAepa.M6o, rpa¢ .ae IlaAAIOO (1606- 1665 rr.).

nPHAO)KEIDIE 1

763

1658 r . .IKaJ<, MapKH3 Ae KacreALHO (1620-1658 rr.). 1658 r . .IKaa Ae Illx<>.MM6epr, rpacp Ae MoHAe)Ke {yMep B 1671 r.). 1658 r. A6paaM Ae <Pa6ep, MapKH3 A'9crepHe (1599-1662 rr.). 1668 r. <Ppaacya, MapKH3 Ae KpeKH {oKOAO 1624-1687 rr.). 1668 r. EepHapAeH .IKH:ro, MapKHa Ae EeALcpoH (1630-1694 rr.) 1668 r. AYH Ae Kpesaa, repuor A'lOM~>ep {1628-1694 rr.). 1675 r. foAecppya, rpa¢ A '9crpaA {1607- 1686 rr.). 1675 r. <l>Hhmm .4e MoHro-EeHaJ<, repuor Ae Hasaii (1619-1684). 1675 r. <PpeAepHK-ApMaH, rpacp Ae IlloM6epr (1619-1690 rr.). 1675 r . .IKaK-AHpu Ae ~pcpop, repuor Ae ~pa (1626-1704 rr). 1675 r. AYH-BHKTOp Ae Powewyap, repuor Ae BHBoHH (1636-1688 rr.). 1675 r. <Ppaacya A'06IOCcoH, rpacp Ae Aa¢eW!A (1625-1691 rr.). 1675 r. <Ppaacya-AHpu Ae MoHMopaacu, repuor AloKceM6yprcKHif (1628-1695 rr.). 1675 r. AHpu-AYH .ll'AAyaHbu, MapKH3 .4e Pow¢op {yMep B 1676 r.). 1676 r. fH-AAhAOHC Ae ~p¢op, repuor .11e Aop)K (1630-1702 rr.). 1681 r . .IKaH, rpacp .ll'9crpe, BHUe-aAMHPaA (1624-1707 rr.). 1693 r. KAoA, rpacp Ae IllyaaeAlr<Ppaacx,ep (1632- 1711 rr.). 1693 r. <Ppaacya Ae HesHAl>, repuor Ae BHAl>pya (1644-1730). 1693 r . .IKaH-ApMaH Ae .IKyaiiea (1631-1710 rr.). 1693 r. AYH-<Ppaacya, repuor Ae EycpcpAep (1644--1711 rr.). 1693 r. AHH-fuapuoH Ae KOTaHreH, rpacp Ae TypsHAl>, smxe·aAMHPaA (16421701 rr.). 1693 r. AHH-:IKioA.b, repuor ae Hoaii (1650-1708 rr.). 1693 r. HHKoAa .11e KaTHHa, cem.op Ae CeH-fpacx,eH (1637-1712 rr.). 1702 r. AYH·9KTOp, repuor ae BHAAap (1653-1734 rr.). 1703 r. HosAL EyroH, MapKHa ae IllaMmm (1636-1715 rr.). 1703 r. BHKTOp-Mapu, MapKH3 Ae Kesp (aaTeM repuor A'9crpe), smxe-aAMHpaA (1660-1737 rr.). 1703 r. <Ppaacya-AYH PycceAe, MapKH3 ae IllaropeHO, suue-aAMHpaA (1637- 1716 rr.). 1703 r. Ce6aCTLeH Aenpe-rp, cem.op ae Bo6aa (1633-1707 rr). 1703 r. KoupaA ae PoaeH, rpacp ae EoAABHAAep (1628-1715 rr.). 1703 r. HHKoAa AIO EAe, MapKH3 A'lOKceAb (1652-1730 rr.). 1703 r. PeHe Ae <PpyAe, rpacp ae Tecce (1651- 1725 rr.). 1703 r. HHKoAa-OriOCT Ae Aa6oM, MapKH3 ae MmrrpeBeAL (1645-1716 rr.). 1703 r. KaMxm A'OcreH, rpacp ae TaAAap (1652-1728 rr.). 1703 r. AHpu, repuor A'ApKyp (1654-1718 rr.). 1703 r. <l>epAHHaHA, rpacp ae MapceH u AIO CeHT-.AM:Imp (1656-1706 rr.). 1706 r. ,ll;)KeHMc <Pmx-~eiiMc CTIOapT, repuor ae EepsHK (1670-1734 rr.). 1708 r . IllapAb-OriOCT ae fyaiioH .11e MaTHHLOH, rpacp Ae face (1647- 1729 rr.). 1709 r . .IKaJ< EaaeH, cem.op ae EeaoH (yMep B 1733 roay). 1709 r. Th.ep Ae MoHTeCKbiO A'APTCUibRH (1645-1725 rr.). f AABHbiE BPA'ill AloAOBHKA XIV 1. .IKaJ< KyaHHo {oKOAO 1587-1646 rr.), rAasHblii spa'l HacAeAHHKa B 1638 ro.11y,

KOpoN! - B 1643 roAy. 2. <Ppaacya BoALTbe (1590-1652 rr.), rAasHblii spaq I<OpON! B 1646 ro.11y. 3. Amyaa BaAAo (1594-1671 rr.), rAasHblii spaq B 1652 roAy. 4. Amyaa a'AxeH (1620-1696 rr.), rAasHblii spaq KopoN! c 1672 no 1693 ro,ll. 5. fu-KpeccaH <ParoH (1638-1718 rr.), rAasHblii spaq c 1693 no 1715 roa.

764

11PI1J\0)1(EHHE 1 IlPonOBF.,IXHHKH llPH ,ltBOPE

1661 r. BeAHI<HH nocr: npenoao6HLiii areu TeKcbe, Hea)'HT. Po:lK.lleCTBeHcKHii nocr: a66aT AeKaMJO. 1662 r. BeAHI<Bii nocr: a66aT Eocci09. Po:lK.lleCTBeHcKHii nocr: npenoao6HLiii areu CeHo, oparopHaHeu. 1663 r. BeAHI<Bii nocr: npenoao6HLiii areu Ae6y, oparopHaHeu. Po:lK.lleCTBeHcKHii nocr: OH :lKe. 1664 r. BeAHXHii nocr: aoM KocM, noMOIJlHHK reuepaAa ~es. Po)K.!leCTBeHcKHii nocr: npenoao6HLiii areu <t>poMaHTJ.ep, oparopHaHeu. 1665 r. BeAHKHii nocr: areu Keiilm, KopaeAbep. Po)K.!leCTBeucKHii nocr: a66aT EocCI09. 1666 r . BeAHXHii nocr: a66aT EocciOa. Po)K.lleCTBeHcKHii nocr: npenoao6HLiii areu MacKapoH, oparopHaHeu. 1667 r. BeAHXHii nocr: npenoao6HLiii areu MacKapou, oparopHaHeu. Po)K.!leCTBeHci<HH nocr: .llOM KocM, cpe...u..RHeu. 1668 r. BeAHI<HH nocr: aoM KocM, ~eu. Po)K.!leCTBeHcKHii nocr: npenoao6HLiii areu <t>poMaHTJ.ep, oparopHaHeu. 1669 r. BeAHXHii nocr: npenoao6m.m areu MacKapoH, oparopHaHeu. Po:lK.lleCTBeHcKHii nocr: a66aT Eocc10a, HaaHa"leHHLiii KoH.llOMCKHM ermCKonoM. 1670 r. BeAHXHii nocr: npenoao6HLiii areu MacKapoH, oparopHaueu. Po:lK.lleCTBeHcKHii nocr: npenoao6HLiii areu EypaaAy, Hea)'HT. 1671 r. BeAHI<HH nocr: .llOM KocM, reHepaA cpe...u..RHUeB, HaaHa"leHHLiii AoM6eacKHM ermcKonoM. Po)K.lleCTBeHcKHii nocr: npenoao6HLiii areu MacKapou, opa-ropHaHeu, HaaHa"leHHLiii TIOAhcKHM ermcKonoM. 1672 r. BeAHI<HH nocr: npenoao6m.m areu EypaaAy, He3)'HT. Po)K.!leCTBeHcKHii nocr: npenoao6HLiii areu <t>poMaHTJ.ep, oparopHaHeu, 6yaywHii ermcKon 9pa. 1673 r. BeAHXHii nocr: Ae6y, ermcKOn Ilepure. Po)K.!leCTBeHcKHii nocr: areu lllocceMep, RKo6HHeu. 1674 r. BeAHXHii nocr: npenoao6HLiii areu EypaaAy, Hea)'HT. Po)K.!leCTBeHcKHii nocr: a66aT ae KAepMoH-KpiOaH, HaaHa"leHHLm pe)KIQCcKHM ermcKonoM. 1675 r. BeABKHif nocr: MacKapoH, ermcKon TIONI. Po:lK.lleCTBeHcKHii nocr: .llOM iKaH ae CeH-AopaH, cpe,u,.RHeu. 1676 r. BeAHXHii nocr: npenoao6m.m areu EypaaAy, He3)'HT. Po:lK.lleCTBeHCKHii nocr: a66aT 9cnpH <l>Aenn.e. 1677 r. BeAHXHii nocr: Ae6y, enHcKon Ilepure. Po)K.!leCTBeHcKHii nocr: a66aT ae CeHMap-reH. 1678 r. BeAHKHii nocr: Ae6y, eimcKon Ilepure. Po)K.!leCTBeHcKHii nocr: ./Kau-EaTHCT a'A.lteMap ae Momeii ae fpHHb.RH, KOatr~>IOTOp ApNl. 1679 r. BeAHXHii nocr: a66aT ae Aa6py, HaaHa"leHHLm enHcKonoM MHpnya; Ae6y, enHcKon Ilepure. Po)K.!leCTBeHcKHii nocr: MacKapoH, enHcKon A:lKeHa. 1680 r. BeAHXHii nocr: npenoao6HLiii areu EypaaAy, He3)'HT. Po:lK.lleCTBeHcKHii nocr: a66aT aea AAAep, ayxosHHK cynpym ,l(ocpHHa. 1681 r. BeAHI<HH nocr: oTeu lllocceMep, .IIK06HHeu; npenoao6m.rii oTeu IIaTYiie; Heaym'; npenoao6HI>IH areu 106ep, opaTOpHaHeu; npenoao6HLIH OTeU MeHecTPHe, He3ym'; EoCCI09, KOTOpbiH BCKOpe 6y.lleT Ha3Ha"leH eOHCKOOOM Mo; npenoao6HI>IH OTeu 0Hope faii.llp, Hea)'HT; fa6pH9Ab ae PoKeTT, enHcKon OreHa. Po)K.llecTBeHCKHH nocT: npenoao6HbiH oTeu 0Hope faii.11p, Heaywr. 1682 r. BeAHXHii nocr: npenoao6HLiii areu EypaaAy, Hea)'HT. Po:lK.lleCTBeHcKHii nocr: a66aT <l>Aeun.e, ayxosHHK cynpym ,l(o<PHHa.

nPHAO:>K.EffifE 1

765

1683 r. BeAHKHii nocr: npenotto6m.Di OTeU 106ep, opaTC>pHaseu. Po)K.llecmeHCKHii nocr: MacxapoR, ermcxon ~eRa. 1684 r. BeAHKHii nocr: MacxapoR, ermcKon ~eHa. Po)K.llecmeRcKHii aocr: npen<>tto6Hblii Eypttuy, He3)'HT. 1685 r. B eAHKHii nocr: npenotto6m.Di OTeU 0Rope faWip, Hesym-. Po)K.llecmeRcKHii noCT: a66aT tte Epy (AHpH-iKosecp Cl>e.llO), ttyxosHHK KOpONI. 1686 r. BeAHKHii nOCT: npenotto68bm OTeU iKaH CoaaeR, opaTC>pHaaeu; a66aT lllapAb Eyuo; a66aT Amyaa AHceAJ>M. Po)K.llecmeRcKHii noCT: npenotto6Hblii oTeu Eypttuy, Hesym-. 1687 r . BeAHKHii nocr. npenotto68bm OTeU 0Hope faWip, He3)'HT. Po)K.llecmeHcKHii nocr: npenotto6Hhlii OTeu lllapAb AeAapJO, Heaym-. 1688 r. BeAHKHii nocr: npenotto6Hblii OTeU iKaH CoaaeH, opaTC>pHaaeu. Po)K.llecmeHcKHii nocr: npenotto6Hblii OTeu 0Hope faWip, He3}'HT. 1689 r. BeAHKHii nocr: npenotto6Hblii OTeU lllapAb AeAaplO, He3)'HT. Po)K.lleCTBeHcKHii nocr: npenotto6Hhlii: OTeU Eypttuy, He3}'HT. 1690 r. BeAHKHii nocr: npenotto68bm OTeU 0 Hope faWip, Hesym-. Po)K.llecmeRcKHii nocr: a66aT AeHHs, KaneAAaH KOpONI. 1691 r. BeAHKHii noCT: npenotto6m.Ui OTeU tte Aapow, opaTC>pHaaeu . Po)K.llecmeRCKHH nocr. npenotto6Hblii OTeU Eypttuy, HeSyaT. 1692 r . BeAHKHii nocr. npenotto68bm OTeu tte Aapow, opaTC>pHaaeu. Po)K.llecmeHcKIDi nocr: a66aT iKaH-fiOAh DHHbOH. 1693 r . BeAHKHii nocr: npenotto6m.Di OTeU lllapAb AeAaplO, Hesym-. Po)K.llecmeHcKHii nOCT: npenotto68bm OTeU Eypttuy, Hesym-. 1694 r. BeAHKHii nocr: npenotto6Hblii OTeU 0 Hope f aWip, Hesym-. Po)K.llecmeHcKHii nocr: MacKapoR, ermcKon ~eRa. 1695 r. BeAHKHii aocr: a66aT lllapAb Eyuo. Po)K.llecmeaCKHii DOCT: iKcw Cocwea , ermcKon CeResa. 1696 r . BeAHKHii nocr: OTeU CepacpeR, Kanywut. Po)K.llecmeHcKHif nocr: npenotto6m.Di OTeU AoM6ap, He3)'HT. 1697 r. BeAHKIDi noCT: npenotto6Hblii OTeU lllapAb AeAaplO, Hesym-. Po)K.llecmeRCKIDi noCT: npenotto6m.Di OTeU Eypttuy, HeSyaT. 1698 r. BeAHKHii nocr: npenotto6Hblii OTeU 0Hope faWip, Hesym-. Po)K.llecmeHcKHii . nocr. a66aT Amyaa AHceAJ>M. 1699 r. BeAHKHii noCT: OTeu CepacpeH, Kanywut. Po)K.llecmeHcKHii nocr. npenotto6Hblii OTeu MaccHiloH, opaTC>pHaaeu. 1700 r. BeAHKHii nocr: a66aT lllapAb Eyuo. Po)K.llecmeHcKHii nOCT: npenotto6Hblii OTeu Mop, opaTC>pHaaeu . 1701 r . BeAHKHii nocr: npenotto6Hblii OTeU MacomoR, opaTC>pHaseu. Po)K.llecmeacKHii nocr: npenotto68bm OTeU EoHHo, He3}'HT. 1702 r. BeAHKHii nocr: npenotto6Hblii OTeU 0 Rope faWip, He3)'HT. Po)K.llecmeucKBii DOCT: .llOM iKepOM, ~eu. 1703 r. BeAHKHii nocr. npenotto6Hblii OTeU AoM6ap, He3)'HT. Po)K.llecmeHcKHii nocr. npenotto68bm OTeU lllapAb AeAapJO, He3}'HT. 1704 r. BeAHKHii noCT: npenotto6Hb!M OTeU MaccmioH, opaTC>pHaaeu. Po)K.llecmeHcKHii nocr. npenotto68bm OTeU M op, opaTC>pHaHeu. 1705 r . BeAHKHii nOCT: npenotto6Hblii OTeU 0Hope faWip, Hesym-. Po)K.llecmeHcKHii nocr. a66aT AeAaKpya, KaneAAaa KopoNI. 1706 r. BeAHKHii nocr: npenotto6Hblii OTeU AeAapJO, ue3)'HT. Po)K.llecmeHCKHii nocr: npenotto6Hhlii OTeu fiaAAJO, Heaym-. 1707 r. BeAHXBii nocr: npenotto6Hblii OTeU Ouope faWip, ue3)'HT. Po)K.llecmeHcKBii nocr: MHweAJ> floRce tte AapKB~>ep, ermcKon .Amt<e.

IlPHAO)KEHME I

766

1708 r. BeAHKH:if nocr: npenott06HhiH oreu IllapAL ,li;MapiO, He3}'HT. Po)K,lleCTBeHcKHif nocr: oreu KeHKe, reanmeu.

1709 r. BeAHKH:if nocr: a66aT AHTya.H AHceAbM. Po)K,lleCTBeHCKHH nocr: npeno.ao6Hbrii oreu ,li;MapiO, He3}'HT-

1710 r . BeAHKHif nocr: npeno.ao6Hbm oreu 0Hope fafutp, Heaym-. Po)K,lleCTBeHcKHif nocr: oreu TiyaccoH, Kop.aeAbep.

1711 r. BeAHKHli nocr: oreu KeHKe, reanmeu. Po)K,lleCTBeHcKHI'i nocr: npeno.ao6Hbm OTeU 0HOpe fafutp, Heaym-.

1712 r. BeAHKHH nocr: npeno.ao6Hbm oreu KaHarmHAb, Heaym-. Po)K,lleCTBeHcKHif nocr: npeno.ao6Hh!H oreu IIIapAL ,li;MapiO, Heaym-.

1713 r. BeAHI<Hi! nocr: Oreu KeHKe, reanmeu. Po)K,lleCTBeHcKHif nocr: npeno.ao6Hh!H OTeU 90H, He3}'HT-

1714 r. BeAHKHli nocr: npenott06HhiH oreu 0Hope fafutp, Heaym-; npeno.ao6Hbrii oreu IIIapAL ,li;MapiO, Heaym-. Po)K,lleCTBeHcKHif nocr: a66aT TipeBO.

1715 r. BMHKHif nocr: MHUleAL TioHce .ae AapHB~>ep, enHcKon Ami<e.

XPOHOAOrH'IECKHE OPHEHTHPLI

1637 r. ,ll;eKaf>T, «Paccy:Jt<AeHWl o MeTOAe». MHeHHe AKaAeMHH o «CH.!le», BLICKaaaHHoe IllanAeHOM.- BoccraHHe KpOKaHOB IlepHropa {Mail- moAb).- 3a'laTHe luoAoBHKa XN (5 AeK.). - 06er luoAOBHKa XIII (1 1 AeK.). 1638 r . CMepTh JIHceHWl (6 MaR). - Apecr CeH-CHpaHa (14 MaR).~ Po:Jt<AeHHe MaAh6paHUia (5 asr.).- Po:Jt<AeHHe luoAOBHKa XN (5 ceHT.). 1639 r. - BoccraHHe 6ocoHomx s HopMaHAHH (moAb- H0!16ph}.- KpemeHHe PacHHa (22 AeK.). 1640 r. Ily6AHKaUHJI «AsryCTHHa».- 0KOH'IaHHe «MtrracpH3H'IeCKHX pa3MhiiiiAe!IHH» ,ll;eKapTa (11 MapTa).- Po:Jt<AeHHe Meche (21 ceHT.).- CMepTh cs. <l>paHcya Pe)KH (31 AeK.). 1641 r . CMepTb (15 AeK.).

cssrroif )KaHHhi Ae IllaH'I'aAh (13 AeK.). -

KapAHHaA MaaapHHH

1642 r. CMepTb faAHAeJI (6 JIHB.). - CMepTb MapHH MeAH'IH (3 moNt). - Ka3m. CeHMapa (12 ceHT.).- CMepTh PHweAhe, (4 AeK.).- MaaapHHH BXOAHT B Coser (5 AeK.).- Po:Jt<AeHHe HhiOTOHa (25 AeK.) . 1643 r. ApHo, «0 'laCTOM npH'Ia.cTHH».- «IloAHeBKT» (1 l!HB.).- )i(aH 8A OCHOBhiBaeT KOHrperawoo liHcyca H ,ll;eshi MapHH (25 Map.).- AeTe.Abe B BOeHHOM BeAOMCTBe (13 anp.). - KpemeHHe luoAOBHKa XN (21 anp.). - CMepTb luoAOBHKa (14 MaR).T10peHH, Mapwa.... (16 MaR). - Ilep80e npHcyrcmHe Ha 3aceAaHHH IlapAaMeHTa luoAo8HKa XN 8 KOpOAe8CKOM KpeCAe (18 MaR).- Ilo6eAa npH PoKpya (19 MaR).- BoccraHHe KpoKaH08 8 Py9pre {HIOHb - ceHT.).- PacnaA rpymmpo8KH «3Ha'IH'I'eAhHhie» (11 ceHT.).- CMepTb CeH-CHpaHa (11 OKT.). - CMepTb MoHTe8epAH (29 HOJI6.).

1644 r. Mamcrparypa IlapAaMeHTa nOAJ'IaeT A80p!1Hcrso nep8oif creneHH (moAb).KoH.!le - no6eAHTe.Ab npH <l>peif6ypre (3-9 asr .). 1645 r. KoHAe H T10peHH - no6eAHTeAH npH HopAAHHreHe (3 asr.).- BTOpoe npHCJTcrsHe luoAOBHKa XN 8 KopoAe8CKOM KpeCAe Ha 3aceAaHHH IlapAaMeHTa (7 ceHT.). 1646 r. MaaapHHH, cynepHHTeH.!laHT 80Cmrra.HWI KopoNt (15 Map.). A eif6HHua (1 HJONt).

Po:Jt<AeHHe

1647 r. IlapTH'IeAAH A'8MepH, cynepHHTeH.!laHT cpHHaHC08 (18 moNt 1647 r. 9 moNt 1648 r.). - Ilepsas~ scrpe'la IlacKaNt c ,ll;eKapTOM (23 ceHT.).- Ocna luoAo8HKa XN (11 HOJI6.). - Po:Jt<AeHHe Ilhepa EeifNl (18 HOJI6.). 1648 r . IlpHCJTCTBHe luoAOBHKa XN 8 KopoAe8CKOM KpecAe Ha 3aceAaHHH IlapAaMeHTa, nocs.llllleHHOM C03AaHHJO H08biX AOA)KHOCTeif (15 !IHB.).- CMepTb THpco Ae ,ll;aTa craporo CTHNI. Asrop AonycKaeT paaHo6oif s AamposKe co6brmif aHrAHHcKoif HCTOpHH, npH6era.J! TO K H080MJ CTHAIO, TO K CTapDMJ (no KOTOpOMY AO 1752 r. )KHAa AHrAH!I). TaK, H08biM CTHAeM AampyeTCJI Ka3Hh KapAa I (1649 r.), crapbiM co6biTHJI 16~1 66 1 rr., H08biM- co6biTHJI 1685-1689 rr. H T. n. - llpUMe't. peiJ.

768

IIPMAO)KEIDfE 1

MoAHHa (12 Map.).- TIOCTaHOB.MHHe o c01oae (13 MaJl).- TIOpeHH H BpaHreAhno6e.zurreAH npH IJ,yaMapcxayaeHe (17 MaJl). CMepTb Byanopa (24 Mu).- Tiv..aTa Alo.liOBHKa Cssrroro (26 HIOWI- 9 HIOAX).- Tio6e.11a K oH.lle npH AaHce (20 asr.).~eHb 6appHKa.ll (26 asr.).- ~Bop nOKH,llaeT TiapH* (13 ceHT.). - TIO.llnHCaHHe MIOH· CTepcKOI'O ,liOI'OBOpa (24 OKT.). 1649 r. Ma,~~AeH .11e CKIO.llepH, «ApTaMeH, HAH BeAHKHH KHp>> (1649-1653 rr.).KaaHb KapAa I, KopoAX AHrAHH (9 cpesp.).- PIOs.l\hCKHH MHP {11 Map.).- BoanpaweHHe .liBOpa s TiapH* (18 asr.).- Tiepsoe np!NaCTHe KOpOAX B CeHT-8craw (25 .lleK.). 1650 r. Apecr npmmes (19 HHB.).- Alo.!IOBHK XIV B PyaHe (5-20 cpesp.).- CMepTb (11 cpesp.).- Boao6HOB.AeHHe o6eTa Alo.liOBHKa XIII (25 Map.).- Alo.!IOBHK XIV npH oca,~~e Ceppa (anp.).- On.ea.11 .liBopa Ha 10r <PpaHUHH (4 HIOAX).- K.a.mrryNIUWI Bop.!IO (1 OKT.).- ~ lliecCH·Tipv..eH O.llep)K}fBaeT no6e.11y Ha.ll TIOpeHHOM H HCfiaHUaMH (15 ,lleK.). ~eKapTa

1651 r. ocAesHacpaH» ToMaca fo66ca.- «KOMINeCKHH poMaH» CKappoHa.- «Hm<oMe,ll>>, TPaTe.liHll n. KopHe.l\.ll. (HHB.)- Coi03 <l>poH.ll (30 JIHB.).- ~eKAapauHll, onpas,llbiBaiOWaJl npHHues (<Pesp.).- MaaapHHH OTnpaBAXeTC.II s H3rHaHHe (6 cpesp.).ToAna B Tiv..e-PoMe (9-10 <Pesp.).- KopoA& npowaeT TIOpeHHa (6 Map.).- Po*.lleHHe .IKaH-BaTHcra AacaAX (30 anp.).- TipHcYTCTBHe Alo.liOBHKa XIV s KOpoAeBCKOM KpeCAe Ha aace.llaRHH TiapAaMeHTa, o6'b.IIB.NliOWeM o cosepweHHoAeTHH KOpoAX (7 ceHT.).- Tipe6biBaHHe Alo.liOBHKa XIV B EeppH (oKT.), aaTeM s Tiyary (Ho.116. 1651 r.- HHB. 1652 r.). 1652 r. MaaapHHH npHe3*aeT K Kopo.l\10 B TiyaTLe (28 HHB.). - foH.liH, Kap.!IHHV.. (19 <Pesp.).- BHTBa B npe.liMeCTbe CeHT-AHTyaH (2 HIOAX).- TiapAaMeHT s TioHryaae (7 asr.- 20 OKT.).- Bropoe H3rnaHHe MaaapHHH (18 asr.).- KopOAh Bp}"'aeT Peuy Kap.liHHa.AbCKYIO wano'IKY (11 ceHT.). - B'be3.ll Alo.liOBHKa XIV B TiapH)K (21 OKT.). OR soaspamaeT MaaapHHH H3 H3rHaHHll (26 OKT.).- Apecr Kap.liHHa.Aa ,11e Peua (19 ,lleK.). 1653 r . TpH)'Mcpa.AbHoe soaspameHHe MaaapHHH (3 cpesp.).- <t>yKe, cynepHHTeH.llaHT (7 cpesp.).- Tiana aaKAeHMH.I\ IUm, noAO*eHHH {Mail).- Alo.!IOBHK XIV npHcYTCTBYeT npH OCa.lle MyaoHa (ceHT.) H npH KWHry.I\.IIUHH CeHT-Meey (H0.116.). 1654 r. CMepTb craporo f OH.liH, apxHenHcKona TiapH)Ka, KOa.lll>IOTopoM KOTOporo .IIB..I\.IIeTC.II Peu (21 Map.). - KopoHauHll Alo.liOBHKa XIV B Pei1Mce (7 HIOWI). - Peu cosepwaeT no6er H3 nop~>Mbl B HaRTe (8 asr.).- HO'lb MHCTJNecKoro oaapeHIDI TiacKaAX (23 HO.II6.). 1655 r. On<aa B OTil)'llleHHH rpexos repuory ,11e .1\BaHKypy (HHB.).- Eece,llbl TiacKaAX c ,11e CacH B Tiop-PoMe. Ha aace.llaHHH TiapAaMeHTa Alo.!IOBHK XIV nOBeA ce6.11 CTPaHHDIM o6paaoM, 'ITO .lla.AO noBO.ll npHnRcaTb eMY HeAenoe Bb!p~eHHe: <<focy.llapeTBo- 9TO .II» (13 anp.).- ApHo, «TIHc&MO repuory H nspy» {10 HIOAX). 1656 r. «TiepBoe nHCbMO K TipOBHHIUIV..y>> TiacKaAX (23 HHB.). - qy.!IO CB.IITOfO Tep(24 MapTa). - CnBRoaa HCKAIO'leH cHHaroroii (27 HIOA.II). - TIOpeRB O.llep)K}fBaeT no6e.11y npH Aa-KaneAH (ceHT.).- MapHll MaJNHHH pewaeT noKOpHTb cep.11ue MOA<r ,liOfO KOpONI (.lleK.). HHJI

1657 r. Po)KJieHHe <l>oHTeHeAX (11 cpesp.).- TiapH)KCKHH ,liOrosop Me)KJiy <PpaHuHeii H KpoMBeAeM (3 Map.).- «~ecsrroe nBCLMO K TipoBHHUHV..Y» (24 Map.).- CMepTb HMneparopa <l>ep.liHHaH,lla III (2 anp.).- KopOAh 6epeT MoHMe.liH (7 asr.).

TIPHAO)f(Effiffi I

769

1658 r. Boao6HoBAeHHe aAb.RHca c AHrAHeif (28 MapTa). - .IKa.KepW! «ca60Tbe» B CoAOHH (anp.- asr.). - T10peHH, o~ep»<aBlllHH no6My y ,li;IOHKepKa H~ KoHAe u ~OHOM XyaHoM (14 HIOWI). - BpeMeHHoe 83RTHe ,li;IOHKepKa (25 HIOWI). - OnacHaJI 60Ae3Hh KOpONt (29 moW!- 18 HIONI). - J\.eonOAb~ I H36paH HMIIepaTOpOM (moAb).- PeH:HcKaJI .1\m-a (14 asr.), K KOTOpoif npucoe~KWieTca <l>paHUWI (15 asr). CMepTb OAHBepa KpoMBeNt (3 ceHT.). - MoAbep urpaeT nepe~ KOpoAeM 8 .1\.yspe (24 OKT.). - Bcrpe'la J\.!O~o8HKa XIV c CasoifcKHMH npmmeccaMH B .1\.HoHe (~eK.) . 1659 r. «CHcreMa CarypHa» f iOHreHCa. - ,li;Bop 8038pamaeTca 8 ITapu:lK {.IIHB.). <l>yKe OCTaeTCa e~HHCTBeHHhiM cynepHHTeHJ:~aHTOM (17 ¢e2p.). - OTcrasKa P. KpoMBeNt (25 MaJI). - ITpe~8apHTeAbHble neperoBopbl o MHpe Me~y HcnaHHeH u <l>paH· uueif (4 moW!). - J\.!O~o8HK XIV npowaeTCa c Mapueif MaH'IHHH (21 moW!). - OH Ha3Ha'laeT neHcmo J\.apomcpyKo (11 moNt). - ,ll;2op OTbea»<aeT Ha 10r <l>paHUHH (asr.).- ITepBoe cosemaHHe Ha ocrpo8Ke <t>asaHOB (13 asr.).- IlHpeHeiicKHif ~oro BOp (7 Hoa6.). - B TyAyae KopoAb xoAo~o npHHHMaeT nOCAaHua npOTeCTaHTCKOro CHHO~a B J\.y~eHe (~eK.). 1660 r . BeAHKHii Kypcp10pcr Ha'IHHaeT pecpopMbl 8 EpaHAeH6ypre. -

ITpu6brrue

~Bopa 8 8KC-aH·ITpo8aHC (18 .IIHB.). - CMepTb facroHa OpAeaHcKoro (2 ¢eBp.). CMef>Tb C8JITOH .1\.yuabi ~e M apHW!K (15 MapTa). - T10peHH Ha3Ha'leH rAaBHhiM

MapmaAOM (5 anp.). - OAHBCKHif MHp, nepBbm aKT Ce2epHoro MHpa, Me~y lliBeuueif, IToAbmeif H EpaHAeH6yproM (3 MaJI). - PecraspaUW! KapAa II 6Aaro.llapa M oHKy, ero npH6biTHe B YaifTxoAA (29 MaJI). - J\.!0~08HK XIV BCT)'llaeT 8 6pa.K c Mapueii-Tepeaueli ABcrpHifcKOH (3 H 9 moW!). - Bropoii aKT CeBepHoro MHpa: .llOroBOp 8 KoneHrareHe Me:lK.llY lliBeuueii H ,ll;aHHeif (6 HIOWI}. - MoAbep urpaeT nepe.ll KOpOAeM B «CMeWHhiX :lKeMaHHHUax» (19 moNt). - Op.llOHaHc o6 onAaTe BORCK (20 moNt). - Top»<eCTBeHHhm 8'be3.ll B ITapH:lK J\.!O~OBHKa XIV H MapHH-Tepeauu (26 asr.). - CMepTb C8JITOro BeHcaHa ~e IToNt (27 ceHT.).- CMef>Tb CKappoHa (7 OKT.). - J\.!O~OBHK XIV npHB03HT Mapmo-Tepeamo B BepcaAb (25 OKT.). 1661 r. ITpo8o3rAaweHHe B KoneHrareHe a6coAIOTHOH 8AaCTH MOHapxa (10 .IIHB.) . MoAbep yCTpaHBaeT c80H aaA B ITaAe-PoMe (20 .IIHB.).- Coa,llaHHe B ITapu:lKe KopoAe8CKOH aK~eMHH TaHUeB {MapT). - KopoAb OTKa3biBaeTca 6biTb e~HHCTBeHHhiM HaCAe~HHKOM M asapHHH (6 Maptt). - KoAb6ep, HHTeHJ:IaHT cpHHaHco8 (8 Mapn). CMepTh Kap.llHHaAa (8 - 9 MapTa).- J\.!O~o8HK XIV roBOpHT no8eAHTeAbHhiM TOHOM c MHHHCTpaMH (9 MapTa). - OH o6'basNteT, 'ITO 6y.lleT AH'IHO pyKOBO~HTb {10 Maptt). - PeopraHHaauWI CoBett {MapT - anpeAb). - IToCTaHOBAeHHe CoBeTa o «<t>opMYNtpe» (13 anp.).- ,li;Bop B <t>oHTeH6Ao (20 anp. - 4 .lleK.). - Bbi6opbi 8 .1\.oH~OHe napAaMeHTa KaBaAepo8 (cropoHHHKOB KapAa 1) (8 MaJI). - C8aab c .1\.yuaoli .lle .1\.asaAbep (moAb). - EaAeT «.BpeMeHa ro~a» (26 moNt). - ITpaa~HH:K B Bo-Ae-BHKoHTe (17 asr.). - Apecr <l>yKe (5 ceHT.). - Ynpa3.llHetJHe cynepHHTeH.!IaHTCT!I'l H coa~aHHe KopoAeBcKOro c08eTa cpHHaHCOB (15 ceHT.). - TiaAatt npasocy.llWI (Hoa6.). - Po~e HHe MoHcem.opa (1 HOa6.). - Po~eHHe Kap-'a II HcnaHcKoro (6 Hoa6.). - 06pameHHe M~aM ~e J\.OHrBHAb (24 HOa6.). 1662 r. ITpouaso~CTBO H08biX KaBaAepOB op~eHa CBaroro ,ll;yxa t1 .IIHB.). - T np»<eCTBeHHoe OTKpbiTHe B TIOHAbpH CUeHbi, o6opy.llOBaHHOR MaillHHaMH {14 ¢eBp.).Eocci09 'IHTaeT nponoBe.llH B .1\.yspe (Maf>T).- H aBHHeKWI, npHHOCHMJ'.:e nocAOM HcnaHHH (24 Maptt). - BocCTaHHe 8 .6yAOHHe {Maif- moAb). - Y'lpe~eHue o6mliX npHIOT08 (mom.). - IToKynKa MaHycpa.Krypbi «fo6eAeHbl» (6 mo~;.- KoHHJ.Ie cocu3aHHa B TIOHAbpH (5-6 moW!). - C:.~epTh ITacKaAa (19 as>.).- t(eAO KopcHKaHcKoY. rnap.llHH B PHMe (20 asr.). - KofOAb noKynaer ,l(K,HKepK toKT.) a BcrynaeT BO BAat~e HHe HM (Hoa6.).

770

-- --·--·---------------

1663 r. Ilepaoe co6paHHe aKaJXeMl!H HaJXnHceli (3 ¢eap.). - luoaoaHK XIV H KoAh6ep coaaaiOl' aKaJXeMHI4'J xyaolKecra (8 ¢eap.)- Oao6peHHe cMeThl ANI ra.AepeH AnoAAoHa {Maii). - HHcrpyKUWI KoA~>6epa HHTeH.llatrraM (ceHT.). - AOTapHHrHll ycrynaeT MapcaAb (3 ceHT.). - Tiepablli «6acrapa>•, poaHBWHHCH OT Ma.zteMYaae.'\L ae AasaA~>ep (19 ae~<.). 1664 r. KoA~>6ep, cynepmrreH.llaHTCTpOHTeAhCTBa (2 HHB.).- KopOAh- KpeC'l'Hbm cLma MoALepa (19 HHB.).- AHTW!HceHRC'I'CI<Irii <PopMyAHp, HaB.ll3aHHblii ll)'XOBeHCTBY (anp.).- CoaaaHHe Becr-HHacKcH KOr.maltHH {Maii) - JlpaJaHHK: ~3a6aaoi aoAllle6Horo OCTpOBa>> (6- 13 Mall}. - ApXHeiUICKOn B Ilop-foAAe IlapiDKa (9-·14 HIOHJI, 21 H 26 aar.).- Ae6peH, nepab!H xyao:li<HHK (1 HIONI). - I13BHHeHHII Aerara (29 HIONI). CoaaaHHe I<oapoaoli MaHY¢aK1J'Phi Bose (aar.).- OcHOBaHHe Oc,~HH.llcKOH KOMna.'DtH (aar.).- KoAHHhH noMoraeT MoHTeKYKI<OAH no6ei1.HTh TYPOK a Cam,"T-foTXapae (1 aar.)- IlpeaCTaBAeHHe a <PoHTeH6AO «0roHa» KopHeNI (1 aar.).- Ilepaoe aace.llaHHe a¢eMepHoro KOpoAeBCKoro coaera roproaAH (3 aar.).- <l>paHU}racKHii Ta.Mo:~~<eH Hbrii rapH¢ (18 ceHT.).- MOALep a BepcaAe (13-24 01cr.).- 0KOH'laHHe ne'laTaHHH «MaKCHM» ae Aapow¢YKo (27 OKT.).- OcY:IK/J.eHHe <PyKe (20 aei<.). 1665 r. Ilepab!H HOMep «fa3eTbi yqeHhlX» (HHB.). - «,li;OH )KyaH» MoALepa (15 ¢eap.).- AAei<caHilp VII HaBll3hiBaeT <PopMYAJIP (15 ¢eap.).- 3aKAIO'IeHHe a BaCTHAHIO BIOCcH-Pa6IOTeHa (17 anp.)- Ilpe6LIBaHHe BepHHHH ao <l>paHUHH (HIOHLOKT.).- CcLIAKa BIOCcH (1 aar. 1665- 9 anp. 1682 r.).- 9amcr, npeaiDiChiBalOWHH BLie3/1.H)'IO ceccmo a OaepHH (31 aar.).- CMepn. HAmma IV (17 ceHT.).- CoaaaHHe MaHY<l>aKTYPhi aepKaA H MaHY<l>axryp~>I BaH Po6e (oKT.). - Ilepabm Ka.MeHb KOAOHHa/J.hi BepHHHH (17 OKT.). - PerAa.MeHTaUWI nepeaaH:~KeHHJI aolicK (HoR6.) Ko.hh6ep - reHepaA~>Hhm KOHrpOAep (HoR6.). 1666 r. CMepn. Amu.t AacrpHiicKOH (20 HHB.). - KopoAb /J.eAaeT CeH-)KepMeH caoeli rAaaHOH peaH.lleHUHeH (22 HHB.).- 3aKpbrrue BLie3/1.HOH ceccHH (30 HHB.).- Yqpe:~~<· aeHHe <l>pamtyacKOH aKa/leMl!H a PHMe (11 ¢eap.).- BoALwaa npoaepn npaa Ha aaopHHCTBO (22 Maf>Ta 1666 r.-1674 r.). - «MH3aHTpOn» (4 HIOW!).- Po:~~<aeHHe ca. )KaHHbi ,ll;eAaHY (18 moW!).- 9amcr o crpoHTeAhCTBe KaHaAa aayx Mopeli (oKT.).Po:~~<aeHHe MaaeMYaaeAL ae BAya I (2 OKT.). - BoaaeaeHHe PHKe a aaopHHCTBO (Ho.II6.). - <<Byp:~KYaaHLm pOMaH» <Ptopen.epa {KoHeu 1666 r.). - Y'lpe:~~<aeHHe aKaaeMHH HaYf< (22 /J,eK.). 1667 r. Ha'laAO pa60T no coopY:~KeHHIO 60AhWoro KaHaAa a BepcaAe.- «Y1pa'leHHbrii paii» MHAbroHa. - C1pOHTeAbCTBO 06cepaaropHH (1667- 1672 rr.). - CoaaaHHe nOAH· uelicKoro Ha.MeC'lliH'IeCTBa a IlapH:~Ke {MapT). - KoaeKc luoaoaHKa, HAH npoueaypHbrii rpalK/laHCKHH opaoHaHC (anp.).- KopoAL OTKaJhiBaeTCll OT npoeKTa BepHHHH (anp.).Y Ah1panpOTe1<11HOHHCTCKHH Ta.MO:~~<eHHbrii rapH¢ (18 anp.). - MaaeMYaaeAb ae AaaaAbep noAyqaeT THryA repuorHHH {Maii}.- Y3aKoHeHHe MaaeMYaaeAb ae BAya {Maii). Y ALTHMaryM pereHTWe Hcna.HHH (8 MaR). - CMepn. CIOOaepH (14 Ma.II}. - KopoAh aropraeTC.II a HHaepAaH/lhi {Maii).- PtoH'fep yrpo:~~<aeT AoH.llOHY (14 HIOWI).- luoaoBHK XIV 6epeT TypHe (26 HIOWI}. - BAarocKAOHHOCTb KOpoNl K Ma/laM ae MoHTecnaH (HIOAh).- MHp a Bpeae (31 HIONI}. - CAO:IKHOCrH, ca.IIaaHHLre c «Tapnoci:>oM» (aar.). Caaqa AHAAil (28 aar.). - Po:~~<aeHHe rpa¢a ae BepMaHilya (2 OKT.).- KopoAh OCMaTpHBaeT «f06eAeHbi» (15 OKT.). - «AHtJ.pOMaxa>> (17 HO.II6.). 1668 r. lliecn. nepa~>IX KHHI' «BaceH» Aa¢oHTeHa.- faarcKHH 1pOHCTBeHHbrii co10a (HHB.- Maii).- TaiiHbmaoroaop, 3aKAIO'IeHHhm KopoAeM c BeHOH (19 HHB.). -luo/J.OBHK XIV npHHHMaeT KanHTyNIUHIO ,li;ONI (14 ¢eap.).- AxeHCKHH MHp (2 Mall).- Po:~~<aeHHe AecalKa (8 Mall).- BoA~>woli BepCaA~>ci<HH npaatJ.HHK (18 moNl).- UepKoaHbrii MHp (ceHT.). - HYHI.Urii npHHHMaeT ApHo (13 oKT.).- 06paweHHe

ITPHAO)I(EHHE I

771

11.e TIOpeHHa (23 OKT.)- Po)KIJ.eHHe <t>paacya KynepeHa (10 H0.116.).- A)'Bya, cynepHHTeHIJ.aHr

fiO'IT (24 AeK.).

1669 r. :SpaKocoqer.ume rpa<Pa 11.e fpHHb.IIHa H <t>paacyaa&I-MaprapHTbi Ae CeBHHbe (29 .IIHB.).- KoAJ.6ep, rocyAapCTBeHHblii ceKpeTClpb (<!>esp.).- YaaKoHHBcume rpa<Pa 11.e BepMa.HIJ.Ya (<Pesp.).- «Tapno<P» A03BOAeH (5 <Pesp.). - ,ll;oposcume MapceAIO npasa cso60AHOro nopTa {MapT).- BocCTa.HoBAeHHe Ilop-Po.IIA.II (3 MapTa).- PacWHpeHHe BeAOMCTBa KoA&6epa (7 MapTa). - OcHOBaHHe CesepHoif KOMnamm (moHb). - AecHOH KOAeKc (asr.). - BeAHKHii OpAOHa.Hc o pe<l>opMe IOCTH1lHH (asr.). 3AHKT 0 coxpa.HeHHH ABOp.IIHCKOfO AOCTOHHCTBa (asr.).- bOAbWOH 9/J.HKT KOAJ.6epa o Ka'leCTBe CYKHa H noAoTHa (asr).- 3AHKT o npH3&me B soeHHblii <!>AoT no paap.IIAaM (4 ceHT.).- PeopraHH3aiUI.II NtMHpaATeHCTBa (Ho.116.).- IloCAeAIDI.II aHMa, npoBeAeHHaJI AIOAOBHKOM s IIapWKe (AeK. 1669 r.- cpesp. 1670 r.). 1670 r. CTPOHTeAbCTBO <Papcpoposoro TpHa.HOHa.- foA HHTeHCHBHOH yp6cumCTH'IeCKOH H apXHreKTyPHOH aKTHBHOCTH B IIapH)Ke, 0111biHe C'IHTaiOWeMc.ll OTKpbrr&IM ropOAOM (EyAJ.sap, lllaa~-3AHae, asemo AIO PyA&, CaAJ.n~Hep, tl;oM HHBaAHAOB H T. 11..).- MaAaHHe, Ha3BaHHoe nop-po.I!AbCKHM, «MbiCAeH» IlacKaA.II. - Po)KIJ.eHHe repuora 11.10 MeHa (3 1 Maprii).- BocCTaHHe B Bsmape (anp.- moAb).- 11HCTPYKUH.II ANI HHcneKTHJ>OBaHH.II MaHY<Pai<TyP (30 anp.).- Yqpe)KIJ.eHHe ANI 6poweHHbiX AeTeH (moHb).- IlOA03pHTeAbHaJI CMepTb rpa)KIJ.aHCKOfO HaMeCTHHKa ,ll;pe A'06peii, QTPaBAeHHoro, KaK Hero OTeU 'le-r&Ipe ro11.a Ha3~ (17 HIOH.II).- CMepTb M~aM (30 HIOH.II).- HosaJI OKKynaUH.II AOTapHHrnH (asr. 1670 r.- OKT. 1697 r.).- KoAeKc AIOAOBHKa, BTOpaJI 'lacTb: npoue11.ypHb1H yroAosHb1H opAOHaHC (asr.).- Eocci09, socnHTaTeAh MoHceHLOpa (5 ceHT.).- B lilaM6ope nepeA KOpoAeM HrpaiOT «Mei.Uamma BO ABOp.IIHCTBe» (14 OKT.).- «bepeHHKa» PacHHa (21 H0.116.) H «THT H EepeHHKa» lliepa KopHeA.II (28 HO.II6.). 1671 r. Pa60Tbi H~ 6oAJ.woif nap~HOH AeCTHHUeif B BepcaAe (1671-1680 rr.).«MOpaAb EsaHreAH.II B coKpai.UeHHH>> KeHeNI.- «3cce o MOpaAH» HHKoNI (16711714 rr.). -«TicHXe.ll», CbirpaHHaJI s aaAe, o6ycrpoeHHOM cueHH'IeCKHMH MawHHaMH,- npoH3»eAeHHe MoAJ.epa, KHHo, KopHeNI H AIOAAH (17 .IIHB.). - OrpoMHhlif ycnex EypAaAY {MapT).- IloCTaHOBAeHHe CoseTa o :SyA&sape (11 MapTa). - lliaa o6ecne'leHHJI IIapWKa BOAOH (22 anp.).- KopoAb AYMaeT o IloMnOHHe, )KeAaJI eMY nOpyqHTb 3aH.IITHe HHOCTpaHHbiMH AeAaMH (ceHT.).- Mec&e BCTYfiaeT B HOBbiH 6paK, CO'IeTaJICb c EAHaaseroif-IIIapAOTIOH EasapcKOH (21 HO.II6.).- CoaAaHHe aK~eMHH apXHreKT)'Pbi (AeK.).- «DaAeT 6aAeTOB» B CeH-JKepMeHe (AeK.). 1672 r. «,ll;yx xpHCTHa.HCTBa» H «Pll3MbiWAeHHll o KpacHope'IHH» npenoAo6Horo OTUa PaneHa. - CTPOHTeAhCTBO B TiapH)Ke sopOT CeH-,ll;eHH.- KopoAb OTKp&maeT A)'Bp ANI AK~eMHH.- «ApH~Ha>> ToMa KopHeNI.- ,ll;oHHo 11.e BH3e coaAaeT «MepKIOp r aAaH».- TiapWK npaaAeyeT Ka.HOHH3auHIO ~. EopA)KHa {.IIHB.).- CMepn KaHUAepa Cer&e (28 .IIHB.).- A)'Bya s Cosere (1 <Pesp.).- PaapeweHHe AIOAAH aaseAOsaTb KOpoAeBCKOH aK~eMHeii MY3biKH {MapT).- KopoAb o61>.11BA.ReT soifey CoeAHHeHHbiM IlpOBHHUH.IIM (6 anp.).- MopcKaJI 6HTBa npH CoAe6ee (7 moH.II).- IIepexOA 'lepea PeiiH (12 moH.II)- 3aTOnAeHHe noAJ.Aepos (20 HIOH.II).- BHAbreA&M OpaacKHii, CTaTxayAep (8 HIOA.II).- Y6miCTBo 6paT&eB ,ll;e BHTT (20 asr.).- CMepTb feHpHXa lUIOTua (6 HO.II6.). 1673 r. Ycras AA.II c~a peAKHX pacTeHmi (20 .IIHB.).- PacwHpeHHe KopoAeBCKHX npas Ha noAyqeHHe uepKOBHbiX AOXOAOB (10 cpes).- CMepTb MoAJ.epa (17 <Pesp.).OpAOHaHc o TOprosAe {MapT)· - 3AHKT o peMeCAeHHbiX KopnopaUH.IIX {MapT). BBeAeHHe 3BaHH.II 6pHr~Horo reHepaAa apMHR (10 MapTa)- «~M H fepMHOHa», nepsaJI <PpaauyacKaJI onepa (27 anp.).- AIOAOBHK XIV 6epeT MaacrpHXT (29 mo-

772

IIPI1J\.0)1(EHME I

WI). - EoAJ.WHe anapTaMeiiThi KopoNI a BepcaAe npHrO.liHhl .liNI :IKHAhll (HOJ16.).YaaKoHeHHe r epuora .liiO MeHa (.lleK.). 1674 r. «Paccy:JK.lleHWI o no3THKe ApHCTOTeAll» QTila PaneRa.- KoAJ.6ep CTpOHT aopOTa CeR-Map-reR.- EyaAo ny6AHKye-r «Tio9TH'IecKoe HcKycCTBO».- AHrAIDI npeKpawaeT BOHHy B fOAAaH,liHH (cpeap.).- CMepTb lllaiiAeRa (22 cpeap.)- noaceMeC11loe HcnOAJ.30BaHHe rep6oaoH: 6YMam (anp.).- 9.liHKT, o6 ocROBaHHH H perAaMeHTe KopoAeacKoro ~oMa mmaAH,lloa (anp.). - RH Co6ecKHii, KOpOAb TioAJ.wH (MaH:).- KanHTY.I\JillHJI EeaaHcoRa (15 Mall). - Tipa3.liHHK-,liHBepTHcMeHT a BepcaAe (4 HIONI - 31 aar.). - KoH.lle, no6e.liHTeAb npH CeRecpe (11 aar.). - CMep'I"b MHATORa (8 ROJI6.).- Ka3HL aaroaopll.lHKa weaaAJ.e PoraHa (27 ROJI6.). - KoReu Becr-I1H.llcKoii KOMOaHHH (.lleK.). 1675 r. TIOpeHH, no6e.liHTeAb npH TypKreH:Me (5 JIHB.).- Po:JK,lleHHe repuora ,lie CeRCHMORa (15-16 JIHB.). - Tie./\.1\HCCOR, ynpaBNIIO!llHil a CeR-)KepMeR-,lle-Tipe (30 JIHB.).- BoccraHHe «KpacHLIX KOAnaKOB» a Epe-raHH (anp.- ceHT.).- Tiepexo.ll ,lie TIOpeHHa 'lepea PeH:H (7-8 HIORll).- TIOpeHH y6HT a Cac6axe (27 HIONI). CMepTb repuora AOTapHHrCKoro KapAa IV (18 ceHT.). 1676 r. B TiapH)Ke PeMep onpe.lleAJieT cKopoCTb cae-ra. - «TipHHilH11l>I apXHTeKT}'Pbi» <PeAH6oeRa. - Ha,llrp06Roe CAOBO no noao.lly cMePTH .lie TIOpeHHa, npoH3ReceHHOe <PAewoe (10 liHB.).- AMHHCTW!, npe.lloCTaBAeHHall 6peTOHUaM (5 cpeap.).- ~lOKeR, no6e.liHTeAb ripH Aroc-re (22 anp.).- ~lOKeR paa6HBaeT HCOaHCKHH cpAOT ripH TiaAepMO (HIOHL). - BeAHKoe BH.lleRHe MaprapiiThi-MapHH AAaKOK (7 HIOW!). - Ka3HL MapKH3bl ,lie EpeHBH.I\be (17 HIONI).- 1136paHHe nam.I 11HHoKeHTHJI XI (10 ceHT.).Ma,llaM .ae MoHTecnaH, O.lleTaJI KopoAeM B 30.1\0TO (RoJI6.).- 11HHoKeHTHH XI O.llo6plleT KOHrperaUHIO 6eRe.liHKTHHOK CaJITbiX ~apoa (10 ,lleK.).- 9crpe aa6HpaeT BROBb KaH:eHHy y roAAaH,liUea (18 ,lleK.). 1677 r. Mepe ny6AHKyeT TP" npoH3Be,lleHW!: «0 paaaAe'leHWIX», «06 ocrpOYMf!H», «0 6ece,lle».- «<Pe.llpa» (1 liHB.).- CMepTb Cmmo3bl (20 cpeap.), «9THKa» KoTOporo 6y.lleT ony6AHKoaaHa nocAe cMepTH, a TOM )Ke ~.lly.- fepuor AloKceM6yprcKHH: 6epeT BaAaHCoeHH (17 MapTa).- Mecoe H repuor AloKceM6yprcKHii, no6e.liHTeAH npH KacceAe (11 anp.). - <PoHTeneAJ. ·npo6yeT ce6ll a «MepKIOp raAaH». - PacHH H EyaAo RaaRa'leHLI HCTOpHorpacpaMH (oKT.).- .1\.e-reAJ.e, Ka.HU.I\ep (29 oKT.). - BHAJ.reAJ.M OpaHcKHH acrynae-r B 6paK c MapHeH CTIOapT, ,liO'IepoiO .fu<oaa (ROJI6.).- KpeJCH 6epeT <PpeH:6ypr (14 ROJI6.). - 9crpe 3aB.I\a,lleBaeT Ta6aro (.lleK.).- CMepTb naBHHORa, enHcKona AAe (8 ,lleK.).

1678 r. «TiyreweCTBHe nHAHrpHMa» ~)KORa EeHLJIHa (1678-1684 rr.). - CTPOHTeAJ.CTBO IO)KHoro Kpol.l\a a BepcaAbCKOM .liBOpue (1678-1682 rr.).- P. CHMOR ny6AHJCYeT caoiO «KpHTH'IeCJCYIO HCTOpHIO CTaporo 3aae-ra», Eocc10s aaCTaBAJieT KORcpHcKOBa"fb H C)Ke'lb ace ee nepaoe H3.llaHHe. - «TipHHUecca KAeacKaH», RanHCaHHall Ma,llaM .1\.acpaH:err.- Alo.liOBHK XIV aTaKye-r feHT H 3aBAa,lleaae-r HM (4-9 MapTa).0KOH'IeRo ne'laTaHHe KHHl' VII H VIII EaceR .l\.acpoHTeRa (3 Mall). - HHMaereRcKHe .liOroaopbi (asr. 1678 r . - cpeap. 1679 r.). 1679 r. «9cce o aereTaUHH pacreHHii>>, RanHCaHHoe MapHOTTOM.- EoAJ.wall H MaAall KOHIOWHH (1679-1682 rr.).- CTPOHTeAbCTBO MapAH (1679-1682 rr.). - ~eHH naneR H306pe-rae-r csoH: 3RaMei:IHTblH «KOTeAOK». - faAAeH: ony6AHKOBaA caoH: «KaTaAor aae3,ll lQ)KHoro Re6a».- Po:JK.lleHHe XpHCTHaHa cpoR BoAJ.cpa (14 JIHB.).- 9.liHKT o crpoHTeAJ.CTBe EpHapcKoro KaHaAa (MapT). - Ha'laAO orAaweHW! cepHH aHTHnpOTecraHTcKHX S.liHKTOB (MapT 1679 r.- aar. 1685 r.). - Coa,llaHHe 'l!pe3Bbl'laHHOH yro.1\0BROH naAaTbl, a KOTOpoH: paa6HpaeTCJI ,lleAo o6 OTPaBAeHW!X (7 anp.). - CMepTb

TIPHJ\.O)KE}{HE 1

773

Ma.ttaM 11.e AoHrBHAh (15 anp.) - EpHTaHcKHii napAaMeHr roAocyeT 3a «Act Habeas corpus», tJ.OK)'MeHT, tJ.aJOUXHi rapaHI100 3amHTDI H speMeHHOH cso6otJ.J>t, no3soAJUOo JJlHi H36eiKaTb DpOH3BOAbHblX apeCTOB H nopeMHbDC 3aKAJO'IeHHii (27 MlUI). 8tJ.HKT, yrsepiKIJ.aJOUXHi CeHei"aAbCK)'IO KOMnaHHIO (moHb). - Hosbm CesepHblii MHP (mom. - HOll6.). - AlotJ.OBHK XN npHHHMaeT cs. iKaHa 811.a (16 moWI). - BeAHKHii Kypq)!Opcr HaKOHeu 3aKAJO'IaeT MHp (29 moWI).- 8tJ.HKT, Hanpa.BAeHiibm npOTHB tJ.Y9Aeii (asr.).- CMepn. KaptJ.HHaAa 11.e Peua (24 asr.). - OnaAa MapKH3a 11.e TioMnmma (18 HOll6.).- CMepn. ToMaca fo66ca (4tJ.ei<.). 1680 r. «<PpaHU}'3CKHii CAosapb» PmnAe.- EocCI09, nepsblii tJ.yxosHHK cynpym /l,o<PHHa (8 .RHB.). - TipHHU 11.e KoHrH scrynaeT B 6paK c Ma.tteMYa3eAb 11.e EAya (16 .IIHB.). - MoHcem.op 6paKOCO'IeTaeTCll B liiaAoHe c MapHeii-AHHoii-XpHCTIDIOHBHKTOpueii EasapcKoii (7 MapTa.).- CMepn. 11.e Aapow<PYKo (16-17 Mapn.). - <l>yKe YMHPaeT s TIHHepoAo (23 Mapn.).- KaiKtJ.biii yxaiKHBaeT u CTa.paeTCll Bhi3Ban. pacnoAOiKeHHe Ma.ttaM 11.e MeHI'eHOH (moHb). - KopOAh tJ.eAaeT Bhirosop MatJ.aM 11.e MoHTecnaa (asr.).- KopoAb csoHM npHKa30M Y'fpeiKil.aeT «KoMe.IUI <Ppaace3» (18 asr.). - CMepn. cs. JKaaa 811.a (19 asr.). 1681 I". /l,e <l>eAHfiheH, «3anHCKa 06 HCTOpHH KOpoAeBCKHX IJ.OMOB». - «PacC}'iKIJ.eHHJl o BCeMHpHOH HCTOpHH» Eocci09 (.RHB. - MapT).- Aysya pa3pewaeT ucnoAb30san. tJ.paroHa.ttbi B Tiyary (18 Mapn.). - EocCI09, ermcKon Mo (2 Mas~) . CMepn. KaAi>tJ.epoHa (25 Mas~). - TiotJ.TBepiKil.eHHe npKBHAenm CeHeraAbCKoii: KOMnamm (moAb). - OptJ.OHaHC o <PAOTe (asr.). - KanuryAJ~UHJ~ CTpac6ypra (30 ceHI'.). 'lJpe3Bhl'laHHlUI accaM6Ae.ll .llyxoseHCTBa (oKT.).- KopoAb B CTPac6ypre (23 OKT.).Alo.llOBHK XN nocemaeT aKa.tteMIDO HaYK (5tJ.eK.). 1682 r. CTPOHTeAhCTBO CAyiK6 EoAbwoii KyxHu B BepcaAe (1682-1684 IT.).Mauuma MapAn (1682-1685 IT.). - faAAeii Ha6AIOtJ.aeT KOMery. - HoBbm 9/l.HKT o peraAHH (.RHB.).- MHccHcHIIH Ha3b1Ba.IOT peKoii KoAb6epa {llHB.).- TpoiiCTBeHHblH aAb.IIHC npOTHB ¢paHUHH, KOTOpbJii BCKOpe CTaHOBHTC.Il aAb.IIHCOM 'ieTblpex (<t>esp.- MaH).- faAAHKaHci<lUI ,lleKAapaUH.Il «'lJen.Ipex craTeH» (19 MapTa). KasaAbe ,lle AacaAb 3aBAa.tteBaeT Ayu3HaHOH (9 anp.).- KaccHHH noKa3hiBaeT KOpOAIO 06cepsaTopmo (1 Mas~) . - AlotJ.OBHK XIV pa3MemaeT tJ.BOp s BepcaAe (6 MlUI).- PoiKIJ.eHHe repuora EypryutJ.cKoro (6 asr.).- Aura PeiiHCKHX KWI3eii (ceHT.). - KAepMOHCKHH KOAAeiK CTaHOBHTCll KOpOACBCKHM KOAACiKeM AlotJ.OBHKa BeAHKoro (Ho.ll6.). 1683 r. «/l,HaAom MepTSbiX» <t>oJrreHCA.Il. - «Pa3MbiWAeHHJI o KOMeTe» EeHN!. /l,IOKeH 6oM6aptJ.upyeT r. AAiKHp (mollb). - Co3.llaHHe pOT rap.lleMapHHOB (moAb). CMepn. MapHH-Tepe3!Df (30 moA.Il). - CMepn. KoAb6epa (6 ceHT.).- RH Co6ecKHii pa36KBaeT TYPOK npu KaAeH6epre H cnacaeT Beuy (12 ceHT.). - PoiKIJ.eHHe PaMo (25 ceHI'.).- TaiiHoe BeH'IaHHe AlotJ.OBHKa XIV c MatJ.aM .lle MeJrreHOH (9-10 OKT.6e3 rapliHT!DI). - 11cnliHIDI o6'b.IIBA.IleT HaM soiiHy (26 OKT.). - PoiKIJ.e!Dfe ll>HAmma, repuora AH~cKoro, 6y11.ymero <PHAmma V (19 tJ.eK.). 1684 r. Pa60Tbl Ha peKe 8p (1684-1690 IT.).- TiepeBO.ll Ha <PPaHU}'3CKHii Jl3biK npoH3BetJ.eHHJl DaAbTa3apa fpacnaHa «TipHtJ.BOpllbm 'leAOBeK». - /l,IOKeH 6oM6aptJ.upyeT feuyiO (Maii). - KpeKH 6epeT AloKceM6ypr (4 moWI). - AlotJ.OBHK XIV npHHHMaeT nOCAOB AAiKHpa (4 moA.Il).- TiepeMHpHe s PereHc6ypre (15 asr.).- CMepn. lh.epa KopHeA.Il (I OKT.). 1685 r. CTpolrreAbCTBo B BepcaAe CesepHoro KphlAa (1685 - 1689 IT.). - CMepn. KapAa II AHrAHiicKoro (16 <t>esp.). - PoiKIJ.eHHe feHtJ.eA.Il (23 <t>esp.).,.... 'lJepllbtii KOtJ.eKc (Map-r).- PoiKIJ.eHHe HoraHHa Ce6acn..IIHa Eaxa (21 Mapn.). - HbJOTOH npe11.-

774

TIPHAO)KEHME I

CTaBAJ'IeT B KopoAeBCKOM o6meCTBe cBOH «MaTeManNeCKHe npHHUHilhl eCTeCTBeHHOH cpHAococpHH» (28 anp.).- IlcpaAbucKoe HacAe_~tosaHHe (Maii).- KopoAL npHHHMaeT H3BHHeHHJI feH)'93CKOro .ltO:lKa (15-26 MaJI).- 9_~tmcr <l>oHTeH6AO, OTMeHSIIOIJlHH HaJITCKHH a.~tmcr (17 OKT.).3aKAa.~tKa KopoAeBCKoro MOCTa (25 OKT.).- CMepTb .l\.eTeALe (31 OKT.). 1686 r. CrpoHTeAhCTBo BTOporo TpHaHOHa (1686- 1689 rr.).- fo.~t cpHCTyALI KOper AS!. - «Bece.ltbl 0 MHO:lKeCTBeHHOCTH MHpOB» ¢oHTeHeASI. - .HKOB ll nOCbiAaeT OOCAa B PHM (mm.).- Ayrc6yprcKaJI AHI'a (9 HJOASI).- Top:lKeCTBeHHaJI ay.~tHeHUWI, .ltaHHaJI nOCAaM KOpOAS! CHaMa (1 ceHT.).- CMepTb BeAHKoro KoH.lte (11 .~teK.). 1687 r . «HCTOpWl OpaKyAOB» <l>oHTeHeN'I.- «BeK .1\.Jo.~tosHKa XIV», noaMa, HanHCaHHaJI IllapAeM Ileppo, paaaJI3biBaeT cnop o crapbiX H HOBbiX asropax (27 mm.).- CMepTb .1\.JoAAH (22 Map-ra). - .&<os II ny6AHKYeT «,lJ;eKAapaumo o CHHcxo:lK;!leHHH>>, KOTOpaJI OCB060:lK;!laAa OT «TeCTa» (TO eCTb aHrAHKaHCKOH npHCSI:rH Ha sepHOCTb, KOTOPYJO .ltaBaAH •nmoBHHKH) KaTOAHKOB H .ltHCCH.lteHTOs (14 anp.)..&<os II pacnycKaeT napAaMeHT (12 HJOASI).- IlpHBHAerHJI .ltN'I «XapaKTepQB» .l\.a6p10uepa (8 oKT.). 1688 r. «HCTOpWl YKAOHeHHi-i npOTeCTaJITCKHX uepKBeH» EocCIOa. - Ilepsoe H3.ltaHHe «XapaKTepOB» (MapT).- CMepTb <l>IopeTbepa (14 Map-ra).- CMepTb BeAHKoro KypcpiOpcra (Maii).- Po:lKAeHHe AAeKcaH.~tpa Ilona (21 MaJI).- MoHceHbOp .~to6HBaeTCJI cosemaTeA~>Horo roAoca B cose-rax _~tenew H cpHHaHcos (moAL).- Onpaa.~taHHe ceMH sa6YJITOBaBWHXCJI eiiHcKonoB-aHrAHKaHUeB (10 HJOASI).- MoHceHbOp .~to6HBaeTCJI KOMaH.ltOBaHHJI apMHeu (ceHT.).- CMepTb KAo.~ta Ileppo (9 OKT.).- ,lJ;eKAapauWI BHALreALMa OpaHcKoro (10 OKT.).- MoHceHWp npHHHMaeT e.~taqy lt>HAHnc6ypra (29 OKT.).- On!AbiTHe BHALreALMa OpaHcKoro (14 HOJ16.).- CMepTb KHHo (26 HOJI6.). - Ilepsoe 6erCTBO .11Kosa ll (20--21 _~teK.). 1689 r. IloCAe_~tHJIJI sepcaAbCKaJI 'laCOBHJI (1689-1712 rr.).- EoALwoe npoHaBO.ltCTBO B KaBaAepbi op_~teHa CsJITOro ,lJ;yxa (1 JIHB.).- 0KOH'IaTeALHOe 6ercTBO .&<osa n (2 mm.).- IIpe_~tCTaBAeHHe «9ccpHpH>> (26 mm.).- '!TeHHe «,lJ;eKAapauHH npas» H npHXO.lt K BAaCTH MapHH n CTIOapT H BHAbreALMa Ill (23 cpesp.).- Op.ltOHaHC .1\.Jo.~tOBH Ka XIV o soeHHOM cpAOTe (15 anp.).- KopoHaUHJI BHALreALMa H MapHH (21 anp.).3aKOH 0 TepnHMOCTH .ltASI 6pHTaHCKHX (npOTeCTaHTCKHX) .ltHCCH,lleHTOB (24 MaJI).CMepTb JiiHHoKeHTHll XI (12 asr.). - <l>eHeAOH- socnHTaTeAL repuora BypryH.ltCKoro (aar.). - CeHLeAe BXO.ltHT s CoseT (4 OKT.). 1690 r. «TpaKTaT 0 CBeTe» fiOHreHCa. - «00b1Tbl 0 'ieAOBe'lecKOM paaYMe» ,lJ;:lKOHa .l\.oKKa. - Ilepsoe (nocMepTHoe) H3.ltaHHe «Bceo6wero CAosapll» <l>IopeTbepa. CMepTb .l\.e6peHa (12 cpesp.).- CMepTb cynpym ,lJ;ocpHHa (20 anp.).- Ilo6e.~ta repnora .l\.JoKceM6yprcKoro npH <l>AepiOce (1 HJOASI). - TypsHAL - no6e.~tHTeAL y Mblca Eeseabe (10 HJOAS!).- BHALreAbM Ill paa6HBaeT HpAaH.ltCKHX RK06HTOB Ha 6eperax Eoima (10 HJOAS!).- KaTHHa no6e:lK;!laeT npH C-racpcpap.~te (18 aar.).- CMepTb MaprapHTbi-MapHH AAaKOK (17 OKT.).- CMepTb CeHbeAe (3 HOll6.). 1691 r. ¢oHTeHeAh H36paH B aKa_lteMHIO (MaH).- 3HaMeHHTbm .ltaAbHHH MOpCKOH TypsHAS! (moHL- aar.). - MoHceHWp BXO.ltHT B coseT MHHHCTpOB (moAL). - CMepTb .l\.ysya (16 HIOAll). - CMepTb EeHcepa.~ta (20 OKT.).

noxo.~t .~te

1692 r. EpaKOCO'IeTaHHe ll>HAHnna II OpAeaHCKOro H Ma.~teM}'33EW> .lte EAya (18 cpesp.).- AKa.~teMWl )KHBOnHCH ycrpaHBaeTCll B .l\.yspe (15 Map-ra). - Oca_~ta HaMIOpa .1\.Jo.~tosHKoM XIV (26 MaJI - 30 moHJI). - MopcKoH 6ou npH EapcpA~pe (29 MaJI).- Ilopa:lKeHHe npH .l\.a-Yre (2 moHJI).- Mapwu repuor .l\.JoKceM6yp1'cKHii- no6e.~tHTeAL npH CTeHXepKe (3 asr.).

nPHAO)KEIDfE 1

775

1693 r. HasHa'leHHe HOBblX MapwaAOB (27 MapTa). - Y'lpeX<JteHHe KopoAeBcKoro soeHHoro opt~eHa luot~oBHKa CsHToro (anp.).- CMepn. crapweii: Mat~eMyaseAb (5 anp.).- OnycroweHHe feii.lle.l\b6epra Aop*eM {Maii:). - CMepn. Ma.llaM t~e Aa¢aii:err (25 Maa).- luot~OBHK XIV, KOTOpblii He 6yt~e-r 6o.l\bwe AH'IHO KOMaH.!IOBaTb, noKH.llaeT apMHIO (moHD). - TypsHAb s OTKpblTOM MOpe y Aarywa aaxBaTbmae-r KapasaH cyt~os H3 CMHJ>HDI (27 moiUI}. - IIo6et~a repuora luoKceM6yprcKoro npH HeepBHH.lleHe (29 HJO.I\JI).- Kanma no6eX<JtaeT npu MapcaAe (4 OKT.). - <l>paHcya KynepeH- opraHHcr KOpO.I\JI (26 t~eK.). 1694 r. HcKAIO'IHTe.l\bHbiH paHr npHCBaHBaeTCH yaaKoHeHHbiM .lleTHM KOpo.I\JI (5 Maa).- .IKaH :Sap no6eX<JtaeT npu TeKceAe (moHD), CTaHOBHTCH .liBOpJIHHHOM (HlOAb). - «CAosapb ¢paHUyacKoii aKat~eMHH» (asr.). - CMepn. ApHo (8 asr.). CMepn. CaMJO<!.I\JI cpoH IIy¢eH.llop¢a (26 OKT.).- PoX<JteHHe Bo.l\b-repa (24 HOH6.). 1695 r. «HcropH'IeCKHif H KpHTH'IecKHii CAosapb» :Sew (1695-1697 rr.) . - CMepTb MapwaAa repuora luoKceM6yprcKoro (4 l!HB.). - Bset~eHHe HaAOra not~ywHoii not~a111 (18 .IIHB.).- 9t~HKT 0 BceMepHOM pacnpocrpaHeHHH Ha'laA.bHOI'O o6pa30BaHIUI (anp.).- CMepn. Aa¢oH'reHa (13 anp.). - CMepTb AaHceAo (15 anp.).- CMepTb fiOiireHca (8 HlOHll). - CMepn. <l>eAH6DeHa (11 moHll).- B CeH-CHpe BocciO<~ nocsHwae-r <l>eHeAOHa B caH apXHenHcKona KaM6pe ( 10 HIO.I\JI). - CMepTb ApM t~e IIIaHBa.i\.1\0Ha (6 asr.). - Hoaii:, apXHe!IHcKon IIapiDKa (19 asr.).- CMepp. HHJ<o.I\JI ( 16 HOH6.).- CMepn. Ili!pce.i\.1\a (21 HOH6.). 1696 r. CMepTb Mat~aM t~e CesHHbe (17 anp.).- CMepTb .IKaHa t~e Aa6p10iiepa (10 Maa). - .IKaH :Sap, no6et~HTe.l\b B ~orrep-6aHKe (moHb). - CMepTb KoAb6epa t~e Kpyaccu (28 mo.I\JI). 1697 r. Hat~aHHe KOppecnoH.lleHUHH :SIOCcu-Pa6IOTeHa c Mat~aM t~e CesHHbe. - IIaMJITHaa aanHcKa :SosH.I\be HHTeH.llaHTaM o cOCTaB.I\eHHH HMH 3a!IHCOK .li.I\JI repuora :Sypi)'H.llcKoro. - «CKasKH Ma-ryunat fycbiHH» IIIap.I\JI IIeppo. - «ToAKOBaHIUI uape'leHHii CBJITblX» <l>eHeAOHa (l!HB.).- IIpHXO.ll K BAac111 B IIIseUHH HecosepweHHOAeTHero KOpO.I\JI KapAa (5 anp.). - IIysH111c H ~Kacc 6epyr 11H.l1HiicKyro Ka}>TaXeHY (3 Maa). - PHcsHI<CKHif MHp (20 ceHT.- 30 oKT.). - fepuor :Sypi)'H.!ICKHH 6paKOCO'IeTaeTCJI c Mapueii-A.lleAaHt~Oii CasoiicKoii (7 t~eK.).

1698 r. CMepn. EKaTepHHbi t~e :Sap, Ma-ryunat MeKTH.I\b.llbl OT CsHTbiX ,ll;apos (6 anp.). - BocciO<~ ny6AHKyeT -rpy.11 «0 KBHe1113Me» (26 moHll). - <l>paHKo-wse.~~cKHii t~orosop o t~pY*6e (19 mo.I\JI). - ~eKAapauHll o Ha'la.l\bHOM o6pasosaHHH (13 t~eK.). 1699 r. «~eTa.l\bHblii o6aop <l>paHUHH» :SyarH.I\hfiepa.- «IIpHK.I\IO'IeHWI TeAeMaKa» <l>eHeAOHa. - 0KoH'IaTe.l\bHaa ny6AHKauHll pa60Tbl KeHe.I\JI: «Hosbm 3ase-r Ha ¢paHUy3CKOM H3b1Ke H HpaBCTBeHHo-3111'1ecKHe pa3MbiW.I\eHHJI no nOBO.lly Ka)KJtOI'O CTHXa».- OcyX<JteHHe PHMoM «HapeqeHHif CBJITblX» (12 Map-ra). - CMepTb PacHHa (21 anp.). - CMepn. IIoMnoHHa (26 ceHT.). 1700 r. ,lJ;oroBOp 0 pa3t~e.l\e HCnaHCKOI'O HaCAet~CTBa Me)K.lly <l>paHUHeH H AHr.1\HeH (13 Map-ra), Me~ <l>paHUHeii H Coet~HHeHHbiMH IIpoBHHUHJIMH (25 MapTa).- Coa.llaHHe :S10po roprosAH (moHD). - KapA II .lleAaeT no aasewaHHIO HAHrma, repuora AIDKyiicKoro, csOHM HaCAet~HHKOM (2 OKT.).- CMepn. KapAa II, Kopo.I\JI H cnaHHH (1 HOH6.). - luot~OBHK XIV npHHHMaeT aasewaHHe KapAa II (16 HOH6.). 1701 r. ~onoAHeHHoe nepeHMaHHe <<Bceo6wero CAosapH» <t>Jopenepa.- BoccraHoBAeHHe no.!IYWHoro HaAora, HHa'le KaJIHTaUHH (12 Maptt).- CMepTb .IKaua :Sapa (27 anp.).- CMepTb Mat~AeHbi t~e CKIOt~epu (2 moHll). - CMepTb Meche (9 moHll). YAO*eHHe .li.I\JI aKat~eMHH Hat~nHceii (16 mo.I\JI). - CMepTb &osa II (16 ceHT.).-

776

IlPlV\O)KElillE I

EpaKOCO'IeTa.HHe <l>HAHnna V H MapHH·A)'H3ht·fa6pH9AH CaBOHCKOH (3 Hoa6.). 9AHKT 0 COXpaHeHHH ABOpaHCKOI"O AOCTOHHCTBa (AeK.). 1702 r. flpOH3BOACTBO 90 BOeHHbiX B 3Ba.HHe 6pHraAHOrO reaepa.Aa, B 'IHCAO KOTOpbtx KopoAb He BKAIO'IaeT Cea-CHMoHa (29 aHB.).- CMepTb BHAhreAhMa ill (19 MapTa).OpAOHaHC o6 o6'haBAeHHH soiiHhr HMneparopy, AHrAHH H CoeAHHeHHbiM TipoBHHUH· JIM (3 HIONI).- Y6HHCTBO a66aTa ~weAa: Ha'la.AO BOCCTaHHJI KaMH3apOB (24 HIONI). HOBbie npHBHAerHH AAJI KOpOAeBCKOH MaHY¢aKTYPhi 3epK3.A (23 OKT.).- PaarpoM HcnaHcKOH ¢AOTHAHH y BHI"O (23 OKT.).- OpAOHaHc o paaAe· AeHHH TiapmKa aa 20 KBapTaAoa (12 AeK.). 1703 r. BHBaAbAH aoaseAea a caaweHHH'IecKHH caH (23 MapTa). - CMepTb lliapAa Tieppo (16 Maa).- KopoAb Ilopryra.AHH npHcOeAHHJleTca K AarepiO aa.umx sparos (16 Maa).- CMepTb CaMI09Aa IlenHca (26 Maa).- BHAAap, no6eAHTeAh npa XexIUTeATe (20 ceRT.). - fepuor CaBOHCKHH CTaHosmca coiOJHHKOM aaWHX sparos (8 aoa6.). - Ilopryra.AHJ~ no Aoroaopy, nOAnHCa.HHOMy c ,n;:>KoHOM Mtrry9HOM, coeAH· HJleTCJI AAJI 9KOHOMH'IeCKOI"O COTf>YAHH'IecTBa C AHrAHeH (27 AeK.) 1704 r. Tiepsoe H3Aa.HHe «CAoaapa Tpeay>>.- CMepTh MapKa ARTyaHa lliapnaHTbe (24 ¢eap.). - 9purepuor KapA, KOTOphlii: c'IHTaeT ce6a KopoAeM IlicnaHHH, Bb!Ca:>KH· saeTCa a AHcca6oae (9 MapTa).- CMepTb EocCI09 (12 anp.).- CMepn EypAa.AY (13 MaJI). - Caj~Tajl .IKaHHa ,lJ;eAaHY OCHOBbiBaeT KOarperaUHIO «CAy:>KaHKH 6eAHbiX» (26 HIONI).- AHrAH'IaHe 3aBAat~eBaiOT fH6pa.ATapoM (aBr.).- TaAAap H Mapcea no6HTbt a XexiUTeATe (13 aBr.). - MopcKaa no6eAa npH BeAec-Ma.Aare (24 aBr.).KaMHaapLI CKAatlhiBaiOT opy:>KHe (oKT.).- CMepTb ,li;:>Koaa AoKKa (28 OKT.). 1705 r. faAAeH ny6AHKyeT CBOH «KpaTKHif acTpOHOMH'IeCKHH nepe'leHh KOMeT». CMepTb HMneparopa AeonOAbAa I (5 Maa).- EyAAa Vineam Domini (16 HIOAa).fepuor BaHAOMCKHH Bb!HrphiBaeT 6HTBy y npHHua EareHHJ~ npH KaccaHo (16 aBr.). 1706 r. «llepaaa KHHra ObeC ANI KAaBecHHa» .IKaH-<l>HAHnna PaMo. - KaTaAOHWI OTKpLrra ANI apw-epuora (Mali). - BHAbpya nOTepneA nopa:>KeHHe npH PaMHifa (23 Maa). - 9pw-epuor ce6a npoaoarAawaeT KapAOM ill a Mat~pHtle (28 HIOHJ~). qJprumyacKaa apMHJ~ paarpoMAeaa OKOAO TypHHa npHHUeM EareHHeM (7 ceRT.). CMepTb lliepa Eew (28 AeK.). 1707 r . «KopoAeBcKaa AecJITHHa» Bo6aHa. - ,li;OKfMeRT o Co10ae cnaHBatrr cyAL6bi lliOTAaHAHH H AHrAHH (16 aHB. - 6 MapTa). - CMepTb Mapwa.Aa Bo6aHa (30 MapTa). - EepBHK, no6eAHTeAb npH AAhMaHce (25 anp.).- CMepTb EyKCTexyAe (9 Maa). - CMepTh Ma6HAboHa, 6eHeAHKTHHCKOI"O 9PYAHTa (27 AeK.). 1708 r. «E.ltHHCTBeHHhm HaCAeAHHK" PeHbapa. - 9AHKT o c03AaHHH a apMHH ca.HH· TapHOH CAy:>K6bi (aHB.). - lliaMHifap BbiHY:>KAeH OCTaBHTb AOA:>KHOCTb reaepaAbHOI"O KOUTpOAepa (14 ¢eap.).- ,lJ;eMape - KOUTpOAep ¢HHaHCOB (20 ¢esp.). - JIK06RT· cKaa noObiTKa BbiCMKH a lliOTAaHAHH ae yaea'la.Aacb ycnexoM (MapT).- CMepTh MaHcapa (11 Maa). - Ilopa:>KeHHe npH AyAeaapAe (II HIONI). - AHrAH'IaHe 6epYT MeaopKy (ceHT. - OKT.). - Ilat~eHHe AHAAa (23 oKT.), a aareM ero UHTaAeAH (9 AeK.).- Ila.z~eHHe feHTa (29 AeK.). 1709 r. CTpa.uiHbrH xOAOA (aHB.- ¢eap.).- Ey¢¢Aep roroamcJI K 3a.J.UHTe ceaeprpaHHU $paHUHH (aHB. - ¢eap.). - CMepTh oTUa Ae Aaweaa (20 JlHB.). «TIOpKape, HAH ct>HHaHcHCT» Aeca:>Ka (14 ¢eap.).- IlpaBHTeAbCTBO OpOTHBOCTOHT npOAOBOAbCTBeHHOMy KpH3Hcy (anp.).- ,lJ;IOre-Tpy9H nOAf'IHA ABOpaHCTBO {Mali). Topca AH'IHO yqaCTBytrr a faarcKOH MHpaoii Koa¢epeHUHH (6-28 Maa). - MaaeAb nOAHHMaeT npOTeCTaHTOB a BHBape (HIOHb - HIOAL). - lliaMHHap BhiH)':>KAeH noKH· Hb!X

IIPHAO)KEHME I

777

H)'I'b BOeHHOe Be,AOMCTBO (9 IOOHJI).- 06pameHHe Alo.AOBHKa XN K CBOeMy HapO.Ay (12 moHJI).- [(ap~> Ile-rp I pa3rpoMHA soiicKa KapAa XII not~ IloATasoii (8 moAH).-

Ilorepll TypHe (29 moAH).- Y cppaHuyaos ycnex Ha pa3H1>1X CMepn. PeHI>JI}la (4 ceHT.).- Kposasall, HO HINero He pemHBmall Ke (ll ceHT.).- H3rHaHHe MOHameK H3 llop-PoliAH (29 oKT.).raarcKHe npeAHMHHapHhie yCAOBHJI, 3a HCKAJO"!eHHeM nyHKTOB 4 CMepn. ToMa KopHeAH (8 ,AeK.).

cppoHTaX (asr.).6HTBa y MaA~>nAa· CoseT npHHHMaeT H 37 (24 HOJ16.). -

1710 r. «TeO.AHUell» Aeii6HHUa.- IloCTaHoBAeHHe Cosen o cphiTHH Ilop-PoliAH (22 liHB.).- Po)K.!leHHe Aiot~osHKa, repuora AIDKyiicKoro, 6yt~ywero Alot~OBHKa XV (15 cpesp.).- CMepn. <t>Aeun.e (16 cpesp.).- Tope» roTOB C.AeAan. 60AhWHe ycrynKH (26 Ma~). - TopcH npe.AAaraeT noCAan. B HcnaHHJO repuora BaH.AOMCKoro (3 asr.).- Y"!pe)K.!leHHe HaAora «.AeCJITHHhi» (14 OKT.).- fepuor BaH.AOMcKHii, no6e.AHTeAh npH BHAhliBHCI>Oce (10 .AeK.). 1711 r. CMepn. EyaAo (13 MapTa).- CMepn. MoHceHhOpa (14 anp.).- CMepn. HM· neparopa HocHcpa I (17 anp.).- 3cKat~pa ,lJ;rore-TpysHa nOKH.AaeT Aa-PomeAh (9 IOOHJI). - llpOBaA aHrAHHCKOH nOfih!TKH 3axBaTHTI> Kse6eK (asr. - ceHT.). - ,[VoreTpysH 3aBAa.AesaeT PHo-.Ae-)KaHeifpo (21 ceHT.).- AoH.AOHcKHe npet~sapHTeAI>Hhie cppaHKo-aHrAHiicKHe neperosophl (8 OKT.).- KapA VI H36paH HMneparopoM (12 OKT.).- lliOHCKHe CTaThH ¢eHeAOHa H lllespe3a, HAH «lliaHI>I npaBAeHHJI», npe.AAQ)KeHHhte repuory EypryH.AcKOM)' (HOJI6.) - Alot~OBHK XN ,AOsepl!eT Kaccapy scKa.Apy .AAH onycromeHHJI spa)KecKHX KOAOHHH (2 .AeK.). 1712 r. OrKphiTHe Y-rpeXTcKoro KOHrpecca (29 liHB.).- Bo3spameHHe ,lJ;rore-TpysHa s Epecr (6 cpesp.).- CMepn. repuoi'HHH EypryH.ACKOH (12 cpesp.).- CMepn. repuora EypryH.AcKoro (18 cpesp.). - CMepn. repuora EpeTOHCKOro, -rpen.ero ,LJ;ocpHHa (8 MapTa).- CMepn. repuora BaH.AoMcKoro (10 moHJI).- <l>paHKo-aHrAHiicKoe nepeMHpHe so <l>AaH.ApHH (17 moAH). 11o6et~a BRAAapa npH ,lJ;eHeHe (24 moAH).- 06wee cppaHKo-aHrAHiicKoe nepeMHpHe (22 asr.).- HAmm V OTKa3hiBaeTCJI OT KOpOHbl <l>paHUHH (5 HO.Sl6.).- 0p.AOHaHC B 3amHTY pa60B·HerpOB Ha AMepHKaHCKHX oc-rposax (30 .AeK.). 1713 r. KopOAeBCKHe rpaMon.x, npHHHMaiOmHe OTKa3 HAmma V OT KopOHhi <l>paHUHH, a repuoros EeppHifcKoro H OpAeaHcKoro OT KOpOHhi HcnaHHH {MapT).- Y-rpeXTCKHii MHp (11 anp.).- EyAAa Unigenitus (8 ceHT.).- BRAAap 3aBAat~esaeT <t>peif· 6yproM (31 OKT.- 16 HO.Sl6.). 1714 r. CMepn. repuora EeppHifcKoro (4 Mall).- Bya3eH- KaHUAep (2 moAH).3t~mcr, no KOTOpOM)' y3aKoHeHHbte .AeTH KOpOAH .AOA)KHhl HaCAet~osan. -rpoH nOCAe

npHHUeB KpOBH (moAh).- CMepn. KopoAeBhi Amn.x (12 asr.).- CMepn. repuora t~e nOBHAhe (31 asr.).- EepsHK 6epeT EapceAOHY (12 ceHT.).- B'he3.A s AoH.AOH Hosoro KOpOAH AHrAHH, faHHosepcKoro Kypcpropcra feopra I, npasH)'Ka RKosa I no )KeH· CKOH AHHHH (20 ceHT.).- KopoAh npe.AlDIChiBaeT 6Aarot~apCTBeHHh1H MOAe6eH 3a .AOCTH)KeHHe MHpa (11 HOJI6.).- KopoAeBCKHe rpaM01Dl, npet~rmc~>maromHe YKpacHTh nAOUla.Ah EeA~>Kyp a AHoHe (24 Hoa6.). - KapA V )KeHHTCa srop~>IM 6paKoM Ha EMt3aBeTe <t>apHe3e (24 .AeK.). - IlpHcoet~HHeHHe K <l>paHUHH .AOAHHhi EapceAOHHeTThi (30 t~eK.). 1715 r. CMepn. <l>eHeAOHa (7 liHB.).- Ay.AHeHUHJI, .AaHHall noCAy IlepcHH (19 cpesp.).- ,lJ;eKAapaUHll, npHpaBHHBaiOUlall K npHHUaM KpOBH repuora .AIO MeHa H rpacpa TyAy3cKoro (23 Mall).- CMepn. ,lJ;IOKacca (25 moHJI).- CMepn. a BepcaAe Aiot~OBHKa XN (1 ceHT.).

ITPYIAO)KEHHE 2

HECKOAbKO OCKOPBHTF.f\hHLIX 9IrnTA<l>HH, HAIIHCAHHLIX B 1715 row

3.o;ecb DOKOHTCJI Ham KOpOAb, CTapu pli3BaAHHa, KOTOpu HMeAa Ha.o; HaMH rv.acn., ,ll;yxOBHHK H HHaHCbl, B..\acn., paBHaJI MOillH .llByx Kap.llHHaAOB, fop.o;ocn. noHTH<PHKaTa H qecn. MHomx npeAaTOB. 3.o;ecb DOKOHTCJI Ham Heno6e.o;HMblii KOpOAb, Ero cMepTb 6b!Aa nOCT)'llKOM. Ho MepTBbrH, KaK H :lKHBOH, He OCTaBAJieT HaM H Me.o;Horo rpowa. 3.o;ecb, B uepKBH, DOKOHTCJI TOT, KTO Hac OCTaBHA a o.o;Hoii py6axe. A eCAH 6bl OR .o;OAhme )f(HA, OH Hac 3aCTaBHA 6bi caepKaTb roAoH )K •• • 3.o;ecb noKOHTCJI Aio.o;oaHK MaAbm; .

H OT 9TOro aecb AIO.ll a aocropre. ECAH 6bi OR )f(HA Ha .o;aa.o;uaTb AeT MeHbme, Ero MO)KHO 6b!Ao 6bl Hli3BaTb BeAHKHM. 3.o;ecb nOKOHTCJI aeAHKHii Byp6oH, KOTOpbm 6biA, yabi! Bcero AHillh .o;o6pbiM MaJ\b!M. CoxpaHH ero, focno.o;H, OT DAaMeHH ae'Uioro; l10CKOAbK)' OR B3JIA Harne .ll06po, OKa)KH, fOCDO.llH, MHAOCTb: 3a6epH ero .o;ywy. 3.o;eCb DOKOHTCJI OTeU HaJ\OrQB. I1oKAOHHMcll eM)' 3a sro: ECAH OH Ha He6ecax, 'IT06 OTllOXHyTI>, 3Ha'IHT, OR TaM H pa.o;H Haruero DOKOJI.

B CeH-,ll;eHH, KaK H a Bepcuez OR 6e3 cep.o;ua H aecb nycroii .

HaMeK Ha TO, 'ITO cep.o;ue H BHYJPeHHOCTH KOpOAll 6b!AH noxopoHeHbl err.o;eAbHO OT reAa. (IlpUMe'l. pea.)

nPMAO)f(EHHE 2

779

3.~tecb noKOHTc.R KopoAb Alo.~toBHI< BeAHKHii. Y aero 6biAO cep.~tue, Ka:tc y AAeKca.Httpa Ma:tce.~toacKoro; CMepTb B3JLI\a 3TOI"O 3asoesaTeA.R AHilll> TOr.~ta, Kor.~ta eMy aeqero 6biAO 6oA~>we 6paTb.

3.~teCb fiOKOHTCJI KOpOAb - BbiMOraTeAb HaAOI"OB, KoMJiam.oa poCTOBI.UHKOB, Pa6 He.~tOCTOHHOH )f(eHWHHbi, 3a.KAJITblii spar MHpa. He npocHTe focno.~ta cnaCTH ero .IIYWY: Y TaKOI"O qyAOBHWa ee HHI<Or.~ta He 6biAO. 3.~teCb fiOKOHTCJI TOT, 'ibH 9.ltHI<Tbi Hac scex npespaTHAH B HHWHX. TiyCTb OH H.£teT np.RMO B pail, A ero COBeT - KO BCeM 'iePT.RM!

HA.lu'POBHOE CAOBO 01UA ,lJ;E.AAPIO:

fiAHErn1'HK, nocs.ln.l.{EHHhlli AIO~osm<Y XIV (1715 r.) Ka:tc HeHCTOBO CT)"lHT H 6eweao KO.II.OTHTC.R B 9TOT MOMeHT cep.~tue K~oro H3 aac! E.ztaa Alo.~tOBHI<a He CTaAO, Ka:tc ero DO.lt.lta.HHble pa36yJIHH.II.HCb H H3pblraJOT Mep3KHe OCKOp6.11.eHH.R B ero a.~~pec; fpy6bie nacKBHAH rpli3HbiM nOTOKOM pa3aocJITCJI no TiapH)f(y H BepcaAIO. PbiHOK H TOT B CBOIO O'iepe.ltb KpHTHKyeT KOpO.II.JI, A nopoil nOCTbl.ltHO YKPbmaeT aar.11.oro pH¢MOfi.ll.eTa. Hey)f(e.I\H BaM H)"KHa .lt.II.JI nO.~t'beMa aacrpoeHH.R AA'iHaJI H ye.~~.Y:lK.II.HBall waiiKa AbCTHBbiX npe.~tare.~~.eil? Hey)f(e.II.H BaM HH'iero ae MO)f(eT no.~tCKa3aTb .~~~e KopbiCTHall 3aHHTepecosaHHOCTb, we.~tpa~~ aa nOXBaAbi? I1 BawH Al>CTHBble o6ewaaH.R olllbiHe H e ~~ eMY .lt.II.JI ero 6eccMepTH.R. CaMbm no.~t.ll.blli nHcaTeAb aana.~~aeT aa ero e.~~.a6oCTH, Bbi )f(e He MO:lKeTe OCMe.II.HTbCJI H 3awHTHTb ero .~t06pO.lteTe.I\H. 3a'ieM OTfeKaTbC.R OT ce6.11? 1.£b.11 cnecHBa~~.~tywa Mor.11.a OTKa3aTb B ysa)f(eHHH 3TOH repoH'ieCKOH .1\H'iHOCTH? Pa3Be, A~e B3r.II.JIHYB aa aero, He CKa3aAH 6bl, lJro OH uapHT aa sceii: 3eMAe? Pa3se BH.lte.II.H .l\lO.ltH no.~t.BHrH, npeKpacaee ero no.~tBHroB? Y)f(e nepsbie 3BYKH 6p.RUaJOwero opy)f(HJI se.~tOMbiX HM apMHii: Bbi3bmaAH naHH'iecKHii CTPax y 6aTaBOB, I1cKaBWHX cnaceHHe y BO.ltbl. Pa3se ero opy:lKHe, o6pawaswee B 6erCTBo sparos, He cnoco6CTBOBaAO pocry ero Be.II.H'iH.R? Ka~<oil TaAaHT! KaKoil 6.11.ecK! H o 'iTO H rosopHTb! Pa3Be CMO)f(eT Y<~eaa~~6paTH.R, K o6weMY o.~to6peHHJO, BMeCTHTb B COTHIO CTHXOB MaTepHaA, 3aHHMaJOWHH cTO TOMos?

I1PHAOJKEHHE 2

780 llpaB~a,

STOT MOHapx KU<eTCJI norpe6eHHhiM MHO:lKeCTBOM 3HaMeHHTblX naMJf111HKOS; 3se3Aa, csepKaBWaJI S Te'leHHe 60Aee nOA)'BeKa, B KOHUe KOHUOs noracAa. Xexm-re~T H PaMIIBH, TypHH H BapceAoHa, CaMas )':lKacHas 3HMa, 6eccn.IJ1CTBO pocroBWHKOS Bee 9TH HeC'IacThJI noKoAe6aAH TPOH, Ho He nOKOAe6aAH MOHapxa. Bee 9TH 3AOSeiUHe co6bn'HII M npespaTHOCTH BpeMeH ro~a, Bee OWH6KH soeHa'la.AbHHKOS H MHHHCTPOS CA)')KaT 6ecnoma..aHbiM OCHOBaHHeM MJr roro, 'IT06 ero 3aKAeiiMJrn,. Ib.JAxOCTb paHHeH MOAO~OCTH - paase ToAJ>Ko ero npec'I)'IIAeHHe, H HH'ITO He MO:lKeT ero H3sHHH'J'b? A M)'~poe nOCTOm~CTBo apeAoro soapacra- nose~eHHe, Aocroimoe npeapeHHJI? Uesapb 6b!A npeAJ06o~eeM, H AAeKc~p Kor~a-TO llpHCAyumBaACH AHWb K CBOeM)' TI.UeCAaBmo; M o~HH, H BTOpoii see npespamaAH s nenu. H o paase 9TO }'MaASleT HX no'IHTaHHe nOTOMKaMH? Henpe.ns~eHHaJI H 6biCTPas cMepTb llpepsaAa HX KpOBaB)'IO ~eJITeAbHOCTb. Ao6HBWHCb MHpa, Juo.nosHK B~ cMepTh cnoKoimo H TBep.no; M He sblcOKOMepHe ero no6e.llHTeAeii llpeapHTeAbHO OCKBepHJleT ero KOH'IHH)'; ilOKOpHbiH focnoay, OH :lKHBeT, HHCKOAbKO He CTPawacb 9TOro MrHOseHHH. llo'leM)' Sbl, 6e3)'MUbl, CaMbiM nfYCHblM o6pa30M Hapymae-re ero noKoii s MOrHAe? Y Hero 6b!AH HeaOCTaTKH, HA COMD.U: ECTh llRTHA. HO COMO.U:- BCErM COMfl.U:. HecMQTPll Ha see BaWH KAJITBbl, no npecrynHOM)' KanpHay Bbi QTPeKaeTecb OT o6H3b!BaiOIUero sac aoMa. llOC'I)'Ilaifre, no KpaiiHeii Mepe, cnpaBeaAHBo no OTHomeHmo K HeM)', Kax 9TO ~eAaJOT ero spam! PereiiT, sociiHTaHHHK caMoro seAHKoro H3 KopoAeii, Sbl HaM HY:lKHbl M .neAaeTe TO, 'ITO Mbl :lKeAaeM, Bbi XOTHTe COXpaHHTb see 6Aara, KOTOpbiX OH MJ1 Hac ,llOOHACH, I-f HCnpaBHTb SAO, KOTOpoe OH n03SOAHA npH'IHHH'l'b; Ho CHHMHTe noKpos co cueHbl H He yaHBAlliiTecb, Ys~es Ha cyeTHb!X no.nMoCTKax MoweHHHKos cpeaH sawHX H.llOAOnOKJ\OHHHKos, H e6Aaro.aapHbiX cpe.llH sawHX q>aBopHTOs91_ llo~

AA«PABHTHLIH VKA3ATEAL

A6ep .lie MoHMop (AHpH-A)'H), )'Mep B 1769 r., 3PY.liHT 194 Asrycr fi, )'Mep 8 1733 r., Cai<COHaorn Kypq>Jopcr, Kopo..u. llo..u.IIIH 519, 625, 758 Asrycr, I'HMCKHH HMTJepaTOp, OOKpOBH· TeAl> HCKYccrB H AHTeparypb! 179, 188, 190,192,194,464,602,654,755 Asrycnm (CBliTOH), Oreu l.J;epKBH 239, 240, 242,243,251,482,573,679,694,739 ABo ()KaH-AmyaH .lie MeM, rpa<P .ll'), )'Mep 8 1709 r., OOCOA 343 ABpaaM, 6H6AeiiCKHii na-rpHapx 348, 678 ABc-rpHiicKHii (.lloM) 73, 78, 126, 257, 261, 268,273,282,609,611,656,711,735 Arecco (AHpH .ll'), )'Mep B 1716 r., rocy.llapCTBeHHbiH COBeTHHK 382, 386, 682, 761 Arecco (AHpH4>paHcya .11'), Cb!H npe.llbi.llyutero, KaHUAep 667, 683, 693, 697, 704 AKeH (Am-yaH .ll'), )'Mep B 1696 r., rAasHbiH spa'! KOpONI 196, 459, 553, 554 AKeH ,lie lllaTopeHap (ceMeiiCTBo .ll') 459 AAaHcoHCKHii (lllap..u. ,lie EeppH, repuor), YM· B 1713 r. 690, 695 AAeKCaH.llp vn (a6HO Klwtot, llana), YM· B 1667 r. 94, 202,241,246-249, 757, 770 AAeKCaH.llp vrn (llbe-rpo BHTO Orro6oHH, nana), )'Mep 8 1691 r . 572, 757 AAeKCaH.llp Be...HKHH, uapb MaKe.liOHHH 330,422,565,778,780 AAHrp (&n.eH .ll'), )'Mep B 1677 r., KaHUAep 121 , 124, 759, 761 AAA!oii (EeHHHb ,lie M o .liiO ymo, MapKH3a) 322 AAb6a (AHTOHHo-MapTHH AAbsapec .lie ToAe,llo, repuor), )'Mep B 1711 r., nocoA McnaHHH 614, 619, 655 AAb6eprorTH (<l>paHcya-3eHo6Ab4>H.Amm, rpa<P). reHepaA·AeHTeHaHT 642~ AAb<PoHc (A<P<PoHcy) VI, )'Mep B 1683 r., Kopo..u. llop-ryraAHH 101, 758 AMaAbTeo (wesaAbe), nepeBO.li'IHK 32 AM6AHMOH (foMa-KAo.ll PeHap .lie <tl!owaM6epr, MapKH3 .ll'), )'Mep B 1700 r .,

KOMaH.llHp 3CKa.llpbl 263 AMeAo .lie rypHe (MHwe..u.-)KaH), )'Mep B !724 r., OOCOA H rocy.llapCTBeHHblii CQBeTHHK 368, 461 AMMo ()KaK ), ryMaHHCI" 559 AMaH (.liOKTOp ~). OTWeAbHHK 591 AMcppeBH..U. (<l>paHcya-~asH, MapKH3 .11'), )'Mep B 1692 r., reHepu-AeiheHaHT soeHHo-MopCKHX CHA 263, 348, 507 AHrbe{6paTb~).cKyAbOTOpbi436

AloKeAHJ<a OT CB. Mar.llaAHHb! (~ Ha-MapHli·AloKeAHJ<a ApHo, Ha3bmaeMas MarywKa), )'MepAa B 1661 r., MOHawKa 239,679 AIDI<eAHJ<a OT cs. MoaHHa {AIDI<eAHKa ApHo .li'AH.llHHH, Ha3bmaeMas MarywKa), )'MepAa B 1684 r., OAe~a npe.llWeCTB)'lOweii, MOHawKa 248, 252, 591 AmKyiicKHii (repuor), eM. Alo.llOBHK XV, HAH Meche, HAH <l>HAmm V. AHHA (npen. oreu <l>paHcya), HeayHT, ayxosHHK 95, 123, 139,243, 244,247,460, 762 AHHa ABcrpHiiCKaB, )'MepAa B 1666 r., MaTb Alo.liOBHKa XIV, KOpoAesa <l>paHUHH, aaTeM PereHTWa, 3aTeM KOpoAesa-MaTb I 0, 16-19, 21-27, 30, 34, 35, 40, 42, 43, 46--48, 50,55,64,65,67,69-71, 75,84,86,87,90, 97-99, 104, 110, 114, 201, 214, 215, 220, 224,241,419,46~470,482,656,698, 770 AHHa EpeTOHCKaB, Kopo...esa <l>paHUHH 561 AHHa Onoapr, Ha3blllaeMas «KopoAeBa AHHa», )'MepAa B 1714 r., KOpoAeBa BeAHKo6pHTaHHH H MpAaH.liHH 330, 496, 617,619,633,635,663,668,757,777 AHHa-CeCHAb, MOHawKa 679 AHpHWeMOH {MaKCHMJL\beH·fihep-HHI<OAa .lie EeTlOH-CioAAH, npHHU .ll'), YM· B 1712 r.

553 AHceAeH {MoHceHbop), enHCKOn 459 AHce..u.M (lliep ,lie [H6yp, Ha3biBaeMbiH «OTeU»), 3aHHMaiOUlHHC~ COcraBAeHHeM pO.liOCAOBHbiX 639, 678 AmeH (A)'H-AHryaH .lie llap.llaWm ,lie [oH-

782

A.M>ABHTHhlH YKA3ATEAh

repuor t~') .liHJ>eKTOP cynepmrreHAaHTCTBa CipOH'I'eAhC'I1la 311, 313, 760 AHrnox IV E11m:paH, uapb roc-sa Ce.ll.eBKHJ.lOB 186 .AJ.rrpar (:itrcetrr t~e MoHBaA.II.a, wesa.ll.be J.l'), }'Mep B 1702 r., KOM3HJ.lHp 110.1\.Ka 363 AtrryaHbi (<Ppaacya H )Kaa), KaMepAHHepbl 550, 705 Aabec (EKa-repHHa-.AHbec ApHo, Ha3bisaeMaJI Maryu.IKa), }'Mep.11.a B 1671 r., MOH3WKa 245, 248 ApraiV. (Ap•m63.11.btl K~MI16eA.II., rpacp), }'Mep B 1685 r., aarosopll.lHK 496 Apry:lK (AOM A') 458 Ap,li}'3H-MaHcap ()Kro..u.), YM· B 1708 r., cynepmrreHAatrr crpo~rr-sa 8, 123, 185, 204, 229,230,359,398,427,437,760,776 Ap:lKaHCOH (AOM t~e Byaiie .11') 178 Ap:lKaHCOH (MapK-Peae ,11e Byaiie ,11e Ilo.ll.bMH), HaMeCTHHK 110.1\.HUHH 178, 679, 726, 728, 762 ApHocro (Aot~OBHKO), 1103'1" 209, 214, 281, 369 ApHCTOTe.ll.b, cpH.II.ococp 244, 281, 464, 772 ApKYP (<l>paacya AOTa.pHHrCKHii, rpacp .11'), }'Mep B 1694 r. 55, 76 ApKyp (AHpu, repuor .11'), }'Mep B 1718 r., MapwM 569, 612, 624, 698, 763 ApKyp (MapHR-<l>paacyaaa ,11e EpaHKa, 11pHHuecca .a'), }'Mep.11.a B 1715 r. 446 Ap.11.e (AwH.II.b t~e), }'Mep B 1712 r., 11epBblii 11peaHAeiiT 589, 590 Ap.11.e t~e EoHHeii {HHK0.11.a~ .ae), YM· B 1704 r., 110.1\.HOMO'Dibuf np~CTaBtrre.l\.b 518 Ap.11.e t~e lliaHBaA.II.OH (<Ppaacya t~e), YM· B 1695 r., apxueDHCKOI1 IlapH:~Ka 241, 319, 351, 441, 462, 464-466, 481, 483, 484, 488, 494,531,572,604,605,681,741,762,775 ApMaHb.RK (Ayu AOTa.pHHrCKHii, rpacp .11'), }'Mep B 1718 r., HHOCTpaHHbrH npHHU, r.11.asHbrii urTa.~~.Meiic-rep 120, 210, 443, 550 ApMeHOHBH.I\.b ()Koaecp-)Kaa.))aTHcr <l>AepbO .a'), }'Mep B 1728 r., rocy.aapCTBeHHbrii COBeTHHK 461, 621, 760, 761 Apao, CM. TaJOKe AHbec (Ma'I')'WKa), AH:IKe.1\.HKa crr CB. Mart~a.I\.HHbl {M3'1')'WKa), AH:lKeAHKa crr CB. HoaHHa {Ma'I')'WKa), IloM110HH (MapKH3 .ae). ApHo (ceMeiiCTBo) 127, 242, 244, 248, 253 Apao (Atrryaa), }'Mep B 1694 r., TeOAOr 94, 239-242, 245, 251- 254, 403, 473, 566, 591-593,602,680,767,768,770,775 ApHo (AHpH), }'Mep B 1692 r., 6paT npet~biJ.lywero, ei1HCKOn AH:lKe 242, 245, J.tpeH,

249,459, 464,591,592 Apao .a'AHJ.tHiiH (Po6ep), }'Mep B 1674 r., 6paT 11pe.aweCTB)'lOillHX, crrwe.l\.bHHK 240,242,245,248,253,460 ApHo t~'AHtl.HiiH (a66aT AtrryaH), CbiH 11pMbiAywero, MeMYapHcr 235 Apao.ll.bcpHHH (roc110AHH), <~KIOiie 32 ApnKcepKc (KcepKc, lla3biBaeMbiii), uapb IlepcHH 316, 573 ApTaHb.RH (lliap.ll.b .ae Eau-Kac-re.ll.bMop, rocl10,liHH _a'), MywKe-rep 120, 232, 344 Accpe.ll.b.a (AAeKCHC DHJ.la.ll.b, rpacp .11'), reaepM 337 Ea6e.~~.oa ()Kaa-Ilbep), HcropHK 755 EasapcKHe, eM.. TaJOKe EapKeH~, MaAaM IlcpaAbUCKaJI, MapwrAHHa-XpHCTHaa-BHKTOpHR EasapCKaJI, MaKCHMH.II.HaH I, MaKcHMH.II.HaH ll-SMMaHYHJI, HeH6ypr (repuor), <l>H.II.mm-BHJ\bre.ll.bM. EasapcKHii (Hocu<P-<l>ep.aHHaHA, 11pHHu), }'Mep B 1699 r. 609 EasapcKHii (KAHMetrr), apxHenHCKOI1 KypcpiOpcr Ke.l\.bHcKHii 77, 354 EasH.I\.b {HHKo.11.a .ae A3MYaHbOH, ceHbOp ae), HIITeHJ.taiiT Aaare.aoKa 365, 380, 382,392, 472,483,493 EaAeHCKHii (AIO.ltBar-BHJ\bre.ll.bM, npHHU), }'Mep B 1707 r., reaepM 368,500,622 EaAeHCKHii (<l>ep.ltHHaHA·MaKCHMH.II.Haa} MapKrpacp 335, 338 EaaeH t~e Eeaoa {K.II.o.a), }'Mep B 1684 r., rocyaapCTBeHHblH COBeTHHK 317, 597 EaaHp (roc110AHH), KOMHaTHbui CAyra, KaMepaHHep 705 EaiiH (HHK0.11.a), xpaHirre.ll.b KapTHH KopoNI439 EaW!p.a (Thep Teppaii, ceHbop t~e), KanHTaH 570 D3.1\.b3aK ()Kaa-Ayu rea .ae), YM· B 1654 r., 11HC3Te.l\.b 311HCTON1pHOrO :lKaHpa 273 E3.11.b3aK (OHope t~e), poMaHHCT 755 Ea.11.10a (9n.ea), <~pya~rr 189 Eap (wesa.l\.be )Kaa), }'Mep B 1701 r., KoMaHJ.tHP 3CK3Apbl 373, 434, 512, 513, 595, 618, 658, 700 EapaAa (AHp1-1 ae), eDHCKOI1, rpacp HyaiioHa 9 Eap6e a'OpBH.I\.bH ()i(IQ.II.b), DHcaTe.l\.b· poMaHHCT 755 Eap6eabe (Ayu-<l>paacya-MapH AeTe.ll.be t~e Aysya, MapKHa .ae) }'Mep B 1701 r., rocyt~apCTBeHHbiH ceKpeTapb 126, 257, 361, 367,516,584,612,615,731 EapKoc (Map-reH ae), Teo.11.or 681

AA<t>ABliTHbiH YKA3ATEA.b

783

EapoHH {AeoHopa), nesHua 33 EeppHiicKHii (IIIapAb tte <l>paHc, repuor), Eappe {oreu liHKoAa), }'Mep B 1686 r., }'Mep B 1714 r., TpeTHii CbiH MoHcem,opa 410,611,666,686,690,695,713,777 'IJ\eH OptteHa MHHHMOB 391 Bappec (MopHc), pOMaHHCT 20 BeppHiicKaJI {MapHli-AYH3a-EAHaase-ra EeroH {<l>paHcya), CA}'JI<auum s KaaHaOpAeaHCKaJI, repuorHHll), cynpyra 'leiiCTBe <fMOTa 264 npe.«btttywero 545 EeroH {MHweA~>), 6paT npe.llbl.llywero, Eeppbe .«e Aacpepbep (AYH). }'Mep B 1686 r., ceKpeTapb Cose-ra: 233 HHTeHttaHT cpAOTa 264 EeaoH, CM. TaK:lKe EaaeH. Eepce (Hs-MapH), HCTOPHK 754 EeaoH {iKaK BaaeH, cem,op tte), MapwaA Eepn,e (lliep tte), enHcKon MoHTo6aHa 13 597, 638, 763 EeptoAb (rocno.«HH .«e), noAesoii MapwaA EeiW. (lliep), }'Mep B 1706 r., nHcaTeAb 623 143,404,487,581,767,773,775,776 EeptoAb (llbep .«e), }'Mep B 1629 r., OCHer sareJ\b op.«eHa OparopHaHues, KapttHEeAbesp (lloMnOHH II tte), nepBbiH npesHtteHT 92 HaA 185, 462, 463 BeAbcpoH (EepHaptteH iKHro, MapKHa tte), Beccbep (rocnottHH), xHpypr 554 }'Mep B 1694 r., MapwaA 137, 222, 363, Ee-rxoseH (AtottBHI" BaH), KOMD03HTOp 66 509,524,548,763 Ee-rtoH, CM. AHpHweMOH H Cto)\)\H. EeH6oy {,l(:lKoH), YM· B 1702 r., attMHpaA 661 DH.«o (AHpH-Onocr), 'lacoBWHK 199 EeHcepatt (HcaaK tte), }'Mep B 1691 r., no9T Emn.oH (iKepoM), }'Mep B 1656 r., KOper 204,208,209,422,431,774 J\eBCKHH attBOKaT 55, 92, 144 EeHTHBoJ\bo (MoHcem,op KopHeAHo), DHHbOH (iKaH-llOAb), }'Mep B 1743 r., BeyK H)'HUHH 702, 717 npettbl.«ywero, 9pyttHT 193, 765 Eeeya (AHTyaH), }'Mep B 1717 r., xyttO:lKEmn.oH .«e liAaHSH (ApMaH-PoAaH), }'Mep B HHK 558 1724 r., 6paT npettbtttywero, HHTeHttaHT EepaH"'e (iKaH), HCTOpHK 754 569, 761 Eep6be tte Meu (retteoH), HHTeHttaHT EHoT (rocnOttHH), anreKapb 705 Me6eAHKopoHbt 192 DHpKeH¢eAb.« (XpHCTHaH m EasapCKHii, repuor), YM· B 1735 r., reHepaA-AeiireHaHT EepBHK {~"'eiiMc «l>Hu-~:lKeiiMc CnoapT, repuor), }'Mep B 1734 r., He3aKOHHbtH 623 CbtH JlKosa II, MapwaA <l>paHUHH 546, EHCCH (AHpH tte THap, Kap.«HHaA .«e), 547, 586, 618, 623, 626, 633, 658, 669, }'Mep B 1737 r. 711 763, 776, 777 EAaHMeHHJ\b (PeHe llOTbe tte), YM· B EepeH (iKaH), }'Mep B 1711 r., tteKoparop 1680 r., npe3HtteHT 42, 47, 48 199,204,429,584,738 DAeHBHJ\b (iKtoAb-ApMaH KoAb6ep, MapKH3 EepeHreH (AHpH tte), }'Mep a 1692 r., neptte), YM· B 1704, reHepaA-AeHreHaHT 622 Bbtii WTaAMeiicrep 374, 416 DAOHJieAI> (<l>paHcya), }'M~P B 1686 r., EepeHreH {iKaK-AYH, MapKH3 tte), }'Mep B apxHTeKTOp 394-396 1723 r., CbiH npettbtttywero, nepsblii EAya I (MapHl!-AHHa Eyp6oH, Ha3bmaeMaJI WTaAMeiicrep 569 MatteMYa3eAb tte), }'MepAa B 1739 r., yaaEep:lKe (IIIapAb) 718 KOHeHHaJI ttO'Ib KOpON! <l>paHUHH, CM. Eep:lKe {MattaM IIIapAb, ypo:lK.IteHHaJI KoHTH (MapHli-AHHa, npHHUecca tte). MattAeHa Myaiie) 718 EAya II (<l>paHcyaaa-MapH.ll Eyp6oH, Ha3btEep"'e (E.AHaase-ra-llptottaHc) 718 saeMaJI MatteMYa3eJ\b tte), }'MepAa B 1749 r., yaaKOHeHHal! ttO'Ib KOpOAll Eep:lKHK (iKaH tte EpywoseH, rpacp tte), YM· B 1725 !'., !'eHepaAbHbtH KOHT(>OAep BoeH<l>paHUHH, CM. 0pAeaHCKaJI (repUOrnHll). HOI'O BettOMCTila 125,267,622,633, 649 DAY9H (AYH), }'Mep B 1729 r., nepsbiii EepK {8ttMYHtt). noAHTH'IecKHii tteRTeAI> 64 KaMepttHHep 569 BepHap (rocnottHH), 'ITeU 29 EoaHAbe (lloJ\b, repuor .«e), }'Mep B 1714 r., MHHHCTp 123, 162, 293, 403, 404, 469, EepHap (CaMto<~Ab), 6aHKHp 372 EepHap (liiapAb), CAy:lKawHii <l>yxe 118 526, 534-538, 567, 569, 584, 585, 599, 600, 607, 613, 614, 650, 674, 684, 689, EepHHHH (AopeHI.Io, Ha3biBaeMbtii KasaAep). 692, 754, 758, 759, 775, 777 YM· a 1680 r., apXHTeKTOp, yp6aHHcr H CKYAbnrop 33,201-204,393,394, 436,770 BoaHJ\be {reHpHerra-AYHaa KoAb6ep,

784

AA<t>ABIITHbiH YKA3ATE.I\b

repuonm.R tte), cynpyra npettbl.llywero 310,604,607,754 Eotty;m (:>K.), Mopa.AHcr 562 Bol!Ce (rocnottHH .ae), J<amrraH Kopa6A.R 510 Boa (KAo.a .ae), aKatteMHI< 409 EoAHHr6poK (feHpu CeHT-,al!CoH, BHI<OHT), )'Mep a 1751 r., rocyttapcraeHHbiH tte.RTeAb napnm Topu 665, 667 EoHanapT, eM. HanoAeou I. Eoue (ToMa), auaro1< pHTopuKH 102 Eouau (Tibep, KapttHHaA tte), YM· a 1703 r., apxuenuci<On TyA)'3bi 319 EouHe (9An), BAMeAeu I<OlKeBeHHoii <f>a6pH1<H 170 Eoupeno (<l>paucya tt'IOccOH, MapKH3 tte), )'Mep B 1719 r., 'freU I<OpoA.R, petlai<TOp opttOHaHca 1689 rotta 0 BOeHH<>-MOpci<OM <f>AOTe, nocoA 125, .500, 506,509,510,559 EoHTaH (AAel<caH.np), YM· B 1701 r., nepabrn J<aMeptiHHep 309, 363, 549, 550, 554, 564 EoHTaH (Ayu-AAeKcaHttp), YM· a 1742 r., CbiH npettbl.llytUero, nepab!il KaMep.auuep 549,550 EocCI03 (:>Ka~<-BeHHHb), )'Mep a 1704 r., enuCJ<on a KoHttoMe, aareM a Mo, CB.RweHKHK-nponoae.llHHI<, aocnHTaTeAb MouceHbOpa 10, 135-137, 145, 146, 204, 206, 244, 252, 284, 307, 316, 344, 352, 429, 450, 452, 455, 467, 471, 473, 477, 481, 484, 488, 535, 556, 576, 592, 601, 603, 605-007, 682, 764, 769, 771, 773-776 Ecxpop (<l>paucya tte Eyp6on-BaHAOM, repuor.· tte), YM· B 1669 r., «I<OpoAb pbiHl<a TiapHl!Ca» 42, 49, 61, 63, 153, 311, 374, 412, 590 Eowau (Ih.ep), TanuoBWHJ< 191 Eowapbx-CapOHbl (ceMeilcrao) 458 EpeMou (a66aT AHpu), ucropuK-6oroCAOB 239, 243, 591 Epeu (rocnot~HH), auaxapx., AeKapx,.wapAaTaH 715,716 EpeHBHAbe (MapwrMattAeua ,ape tt'06peil, Mapi<H3a tte), YM· B 1676 r., OTpaBHTeAbHHUa u o6paweuua.R 241, 318, 319, 702, 772 BpeTOHCI<HH (Axot~oBHJ< <l>pauuyacKHil, nepBblH repuor), 1704-1705, CbiH repuora Eypi)'HtlcKoro 408, 664 EperouCI<Hii (Axo.llOBHI< <l>pa!lll)'30<HH, aropoil repuor), 1707-1712, 6paT npellbl.ll)'Wero, ,acxpHH B 1712 r. 664,686,690,777 Epueuu (AHpu-Onocr tte AoMeHH tte), )'Mep a 1666 r., rocyttapcraeuHbiH ceKpeTapb 19, 111, 112, 114, 759 EpueuH MAattwuil (AHpu-Ayu tte AoMeHH tte EpHeHH, uaablaaeMbxH), YM· B 1698 r.,

Cb!H npetlbl.llywero, rocyttapcraeuub!il ceKpeTapb 109, 111, 112, 126 EpHaacbe (npen. OTeu :>Kau tte), He3ynT, DOAeMHCT 69, 243 EpHHOH (MapH.R tte), uaCTO.RTeAbHHUa MouaCTblp.R AxottOBHI<a Ca.RTOro B Ceu-Cupe 534 EpHccaJ< (<l>paucya tte Kocce, repuor .11e), )'Mep a 1651 r., <f>poHttep 60 EpuccaK (AHpu-AAb6ep tte Kocce, repuor tte), )'Mep B 1698 r., BnyK npettbl.llywero 374,414 EpHccou (npeautteHT Eapua6e), )'Mep a 1591 r., IOpHCI<OHC)'AbT 159 Epottap, HHTeH.llaHT <f>AOTa 264 EpoiiAb, eM. Tal<l!Ce PeBeAb. EpoiiAb (<l>paucya, repuor tte), YM· B 1745 r., renepaA-AeilreuaHT 666 EpycceAb (lli.ep tte), coaeTIIHK TiapAaMenTa 42, 47, 48, 57, 58 EpYT (Map!< IOHHil), y6uilua Ueaap.R 593 Eproau (AH6epaAb), )'Mep a 1697 r., apxuTeKrop 359, 386, 395 EproaH tte Kappbep (Ayu), CAYl!CawHil <l>yl<e 118 EproAap, eM. Tal<l!Ce CHAAepu. EproAap (Ayu-Pol!Ce), )'Mep a 1691 r., DOAI<OBHHI< 357 BproAap (<1>eAHI<c-<t>paucya), YM· B 1707 r., BnyK npe.llbl.ll)'Wero, 6pHra,!1Hbrn reuepaA 357 Eyal"HAb6ep (Tibep Aeneaau t~e), )'Mep B 1714 r., «91<0HOMHCT» 775 ByaAo (:>KaH-:>KaK), J<anoHHI< 681 EyaAo [-,aenpeo] (Hiil<oAa), )'Mep B 1711 r., nHCaTeAb H Hcropuorpa<f> 188, 189, 204, 215, 216, 218, 273, 300, 356, 502, 525, 558,559,591,602,772,777 EytteH (:>Kau), apaq KopoA.R 705 Eyiiou, eM. TaKl!Ce Tropeuu. Eyiiou (ceMeilcrao tte) 25, 470 Eyiiou (lllapAOTTa tte Aaryp tt'OaepHb, uaablaaeMa.R MatteMyaaeAb .ae), )'MepAa B 1662 r. 25 Eyiiou (<l>pettepHK-Mopuc .11e Aaryp t~'O aepHb, repuor tte), )'Mep B 1652 r., 6paT npe.llbl.llyweil u MapwaAa .11e TJOpeHHa, <f>poHttep 49, 51, 56, 61, 120, 550 Eyiiou (folle<f>pya-Mopuc .11e Aaryp 11'0aepHb, repuor 11e), )'Mep B 1721 r., cbiH npe.llbl.ll)'Wero, ry6epuarop OaepHH 120, 322 Byiiou (Mapu.R-Auua MaH'iHHH, repuornH.R 11e), cynpyra npellbl.llywero 322

AACI>ABHTHhiH YKA3ATEAh

EyAenBHAbe (rpacp AHpH Ae), «HcropHK», DHCaBWHH 0 ABOpl!HCTBe 600, 654 EyAAb (AH.ape-lllapAb), YM· B 1732 r., KpaCH<>Aepesll.UIK 199, 200, 428, 429, 562, 584, 738 Eyp6ollbt (AoM), CM. TaKlKe <llpanuyscKHii (AOM) Eyp6onbl (AOM) 20, 220, 296, 357, 421, 455, 609, 611, 615, 654, 655, 658, 660, 661, 666, 724, 725, 731 Eyp6on (AloAOBHK Ill Ae Eyp6on-KoHAe, repuor t~e), Cb!H AHpH·)KJOAll npHnua IJ.e KoHAe, npHnu KpOBH 312,408,526 Eyp6oH (A)'Hsa4>pancya3a Eyp6on, MaAeMYa3ehb HaHTCKaJI, repuornHll Ae), cy· npyra npeAbJAytUero 312, 313, 408 Eyp6on (A)'H·AHpH Ae Eyp6on-KoHAe, repuor Ae), )'Mep B 1740 r., CbiH npellbiA)'WHX, 6yAytUHH np~p-MMHHcrp 410, 697,698,709 Eyp6on-BaH,~~oMcKHii, CM. Eocpop H Ban· AOMCKHH Eypl")'HAcKHii (AloAOBHK <llpanuyscKHii, repuor), YM· B 1712 r., AocpHH B 1711 r. 123, 199, 403, 408, 415, 421, 469, 518, 526, 535,536,538,564,565,569,575,585,599, 604, 607, 621~23, 627, 650, 656, 664, 688, 689, 692, 695, 758, 77~775, 777 EypryHACKaJI (MapHli-AAeAaMAa CasoiiCKaJI, repuornHll), YMepAa B 1712 r., cynpyra npeAb!Aywero, THT)'A cynpyrn AocpHHa c 1711 r. 408, 417, 436, 445, 568,574,664,686-688 Eyprysn (npen. oreu <llpancya), YM· B 1662 r., renepaA opt~ena Op:rropHaHUes 463 EypAaAY (npen. oreu A)'H), YM· B 1704 r., He3)'HT, CBJDUeHHK-nponOBe,IIHHK 145, 254, 255,422, 429,4~52, 455, 472,481,485, 488,532,555,577,764,765,771,776 Eyp)!(ya (AoHc), KOMn03HTOp, npOTeCTaHT XVI seKa 487 EypHOHBHAh (AAeKCaHAp-linnOAHT'-DaAbTa3ap, repuor Ae), YMep B 1690 r., reHepaA na CA~e HM!lepHH 294 EyTHiie, eM. TaKlKe lllasHHbH. EyTHiie (KAoll), YMep s 1651 r., cynepHHTeHAaHT cpHHaHCOB 26 Eyyp (npen. oreu AoMHHHK), YM B 1702 r., He3)'HT, nncaTe.II.L 85, 214, 216, 255, 390, 597 Eycp4>-"ep (A)'H4>pancya, repuor Ae), YM· B 1711 r., MapwaA 260, 366, 375, 501, 503, 505, 569, 570, 622, 624, 627, 630, 639, 641, 642, 644,647,648,763,776 Eywpa (A)'H), YMep B 1699 r., KanUAep

785

317,322,370,441,592,759,761 DIOAAe (Ihep), YMep B 1716 rOAY, apXHTeKTop 395, 396 B10pne (npenot~o6nbtii )Kn.II.L6ep), nacrop 529,531,533 E10ccH-Pa6JOTeH (Po)!(e Ae Pa6JOTen, rpacp Ae EJOCCH, nasbtBaeMbtii), )'Mep B 1693 r., ocpHUep, aKaAeMHK, B CCbiAKe 5, 96, 186, 217, 218, 295, 300, 303, 316, 465, 485, 495,499,524,549,770, 775 BaAepH (IloAb), no~T 189 BaAAo (AHryan), YMep B 1671 r., spa'! KOpOAll 33-35, 86, 87, 763 BaAAo (MonceHbOp), enHcKOn 459 BaAya (AoM) 220, 224, 226, 419, 421, 589 BaAb6eAb ()Kan-EaTHCT, wesaAbe Ae), YMep B 1681 r., KOMaHAHp ~CKaApbt 299 BaAbAeK (reopr4>pHApHx, npHnu), YMep s 1692 r., MapwaA Ha CA~6e y HMnepHH H Coet~HHennbtx IlpOBHHUHH 501, 502 Ban Po6e, YMep B 1685 r., BAaAeAeu ManycpaKTypbi 170, 174, 770 BaH-Aep-A.JOccen (Ep)'Ho-Rxo6), 6yproMHCTp r. [ayAa 633 BaH-Ilep-MeAen (AAaM-pancya), YMep B 1690 r., XYAOlKHHK 155, 293, 436, 557 BaHAoMcKHii (AOM Eyp6onos-BaHAOMcKHX) 413, 470, 589, 590 BaHAoMcKHii (Ce3ap, repuor), YM· B 1665 r., ysaKOHei!Hblii CbiH renpHXa N 61, 589, 590 BaHAoMcKHii (A)'H-)Ko3ecp, repuor), YMep s 1712 r., BnyK npeAbiA}'IUero, 3HaMeHHTbiH DOAKOBOAeU, npHpasHelfHhli K panry 3aKOHHOrO npHHUa BO <llpanwm H B HcnaHHH <l>HAmma V, -rpon KOTOporo OH coxpaHHA 218, 297, 312, 322, 357, 358, 366, 368, 423, 443, 501, 503, 513, 516, 517, 520, 526, 548, 550, 556, 569, 584, 590, 618, 621, 62~27, 639, 648651, 655,656,664,732,776,777 BaHAOMCKaJI («Mat~eMYaseAL 9HrHeHCKal!• MapHl!-AHHa lle Eyp6on-KoHAe, repuorHHll), YMepAa B 1718 r., cynpyra npet~b!Aywero,

not~t~ep)!(HBaeMaJI

AOBHKOM XN B ee panre npHHuecCbl KpOBH 650, 655 BaHAOMCKHH (<IIHAHnn, BeAHKHH npeop), YMep B 1727 r., llesepb npet~b!Ayweii, renepaA·Aeii-renaHT 526 BaHTat~yp (Aye-lllapAb .ae Aese, repuor t~e), YMep s 1717 r. 374, 414 BaHTaAyp (lllapAOTTa-9Aeonopa-Ma.aAeHa Ae AaMorr-Y.aaHKyp, repuornHll t~e),

786

AA<PABIITHbiH YKA3ATE.Ab

YM· B 1744 r., cynpyra npellbiAymero, rysepaaHTKa Alo40BII1<a XV 409, 711 Bap, pHMCKHii noAKOBOlleu 511, 755 Bapll (~aacya-Peae 410 EeK, MapK113 4e), }'Mep B 1688 r., KanHTaH conrn WBeiiuapCKoii rsapllHH 218, 308, 374, 549 BaTreBHAb (KapA, 6apoa 4e), YM· B 1670 r., nocoA KopoN! licnaHHH 270, 271 Beiiaa (MalleM}'llSeAb 4e), llaMa 113 CeaCapa522 Beiillp (npen. o-reu), He3}'1IT 684 BeKcea (A}'H·Ceaap 4e Eyp6oa, rpacp lle), }'Mep B 1683 r., )'3aKOHeHHbiH CblH KOpoNI312, 313 BeAIIl<Hii Kypcp10pcr, eM. ~HllpHxBHAbreAbM I. Beacaa 4e lloAb (csJIToii), }'Mep a 1660 r., MIICCIIOHep II OCHOBaTeAb MH<r rnx 6AarOTBOpHTeAbHbiX KOHrperaulfii 60,103,386,459,583,769 BeprHAHii,no9T137 Bep~10c 4e KpeCH (A}'H, rpacp 4e), }'Mep 8 1709 r., DOAHOMO'DibiH npellcraBHTeAb B PlfCBII1<e 518 BepH (a66aT )l(oaecp-AAbcpoac lle), Me-MyapHcr 151 BepAe (lliep), acrop111< 425 BepMalfllya (AYH 4e Eyp6oa, rpacp 4e), }'Mep B 1683 r., yaa~<oaeHHbsii CbJH KopoNI, a.aMHpaA 262, 311, 312, 771 Bepaeii (AHpH 4e Eyp6oa, repuor 4e), YM· B 1682 r., He3aKOHHOpO~eHHbrii CbiH reapaxa IV, )'3aKOHeHHbJH npHHu 319 BepTaMOH (ceMeiiCTBo 4e) 459 BHBoHH (A}'H-BHKTOp 4e Powewyap, repuor 4e), }'Mep B 1688 r., MapwaA 12, 198,264,763 BarapaHH (racnap), HH~eaep-c034aTeAb MaWHH 4AJI CUeHl>I 221, 393, 738 B~~rnpaHH (lllapAb), CbiH npellbiAymero, HH;>KeHep-coallaTeAb cueaH'iecKHX MaWHH 199, 200, 208, 209, 212, 221-224, 393, 738 BarapaHH (AollOBHKo), 6paT npeJll>lll)'Ulero, C034aTeAb MawHH llNI CUeHbl 221, 738 Barype (MapHll Bal!llOH, ~eaa Ma110peaa), OTpaBHTeAbHHUa 319, 321 BHKTop-AMalleii II, }'Mep B 1732 r., repuor CasoiicKHii 329, 383, 495, 499, 502, 504, 517, 518, 583, 611, 617, 621-623, 626, 635,668,758,776 BHKTOpHll, )'MepAa B 1901 r., KOpOAe8a AHrAHH, HMDepaTPHUa lil!llHH 329 BHAAap (lliep, MapKH3 lle), }'Mep B

1698 r., nocoA 338 BHAAap (A}'H-9KTop, repuor 4e), }'Mep B 1734 r., CbiH npellb!Aymero, MapruaA 297, 366, 375, 494, 501, 548, 550, 570, 580, 618, 622, 625, 626, 637, 639-641, 643-648, 650, 651, 662, 664-666, 669, 674,678,690,698,732,763,776,777 BHAAap ()l(aHHa-AI!;>KeAHKa Pol< 4e Bapaa;>KeBHAb, ;>Keaa MapWaAa), }'MepAa B 1763 r., cynpyra Dpellblllymero 646 BHAAap (ApMaa-Oaope, MapKHa 4e), 1702-1770 rr., CbJH npellb~AymHX, noa;>Ke 6pHrallHbiH apMeiicKHii rE>HepaA, repuor 4e BHAAap, aKalleMHK 646 BHAAapco (A}'H 4e Mopae, MapKH3 4e), }'Mep B 1691 r., KanHTaH AerKoii KaBaAe-pHH 314 BHAAeTT-MIOpce (ctlHAHnn 4e BMya, MapKH3 4e), }'Mep B 1707 r., reaepaA· AeHreHafiT BOeHH<rMOpCKOro cpAOTa 263, 347,364,365,506,508-510 BHAAeTT-MIOpce, eM. KeAJOC (MallaM 4e). BHAbreAbM I MoA'iaAHBbrH (BHAbreAbM HaccaycKHii, npHHU OpaacKHii, Haabi· BaeMbrii), }'Mep B 1584 r ., cra-rxay4ep 357,589 BHAbreAbM ill {BHAbreAbM HaccayCKHii, DpHHU OpaaCJ<Hii, KOpOAb AlfrAHH DOll HMeHeM), }'Mep 8 1702 r., npasii)'K npellblllymero, craTXayllep 5, 7S7, 290294, 298, 300, 304, 306, 329, 337, 340, 354, 361,366,476,488,496-504,506,507,509, 516-518, 520, 524, 525, 527, 528, 531, 533, 534,592,608,610-613,615-618,632,667, 711,735,757,771,772,774,776 BHAbKbe, CM. TaK~e 0MoH. BHAbl<be (A}'H·MapH-BHKrop 4'0MOH, MapKH34e), }'Mep B 1704 r. 70, 210 BHAbpya {HHI<oAa 4e HesHAb, repuor H MapWaA 4e), YM· B 1685 r., rysepaep AlollOBHKa XIV, rAaBa KOpoAeBO<Oro cosen 29, 30, 123,130,136,164,374,441,471,759,762 BHAbpya (~aacya 4e HesHAb, repuor H MapwaA 4e), YM· B 1730 r., CbiH npellbiAymero, rAaBa KOpoAeBCKOro COBeTa, rysepHep AI040BHKa XV 368, 416, 441, 471, 516, 548, 550, 585, 618, 621, 624, 625, 698, 709,713,758,759,763,776 BHAbpya (MapHli·MaprapHTa 4e Kocce-EpHccaK, ~eaa MapruaAa 4e), }'MepAa B 1708 r., cynpyra npellb!Aymero 569 BHAbpya (A}'H-HHKoAa 4e HeBHAb, repuor 4e), }'Mep 8 1734 r., cbiH npMblllymHx, reaepaA-AeiireHaHT 569

Al\<.l>ABHTHhiM YKA3ATE.Ah BHHHyc, pHMCKHH KOHCYA 107 BHHbH (AA~;.cppeA t~e), no9T 550 BHo (TeocpHAb t~e), YM· s 1626 r., no9T 204 BHCKOHTH, CM. TaK)Ke npHMH BHCKOHTH. BHCKOHTH (AH1iH6aA, MapKH3), )'Mep S 1747 r., cpeAbt~MapwaA 621 BmpH (<l>paHcya-MapH ,11e AollHTaAb, repuor t~e), }'Mep s 1679 r. 60 BHTr (KopHeAHJC ,l(e), )'Mep s 1672 r., 6yproMHCTp ,l(opt~pexra 291, 771 BHTr (RH ,l(e), )'Mep s 1672 r., 6paT npeAbiAytnero, neHcHOHapHii foAAaHAHH 270, 282,283, 287,289- 292,771 BAaAHCAas IV, )'Mep s 1648 r., KOpOAb noAbWH77 Bo6aH (Ce6aCTheH AenpeTp, ceHbOp H MapWaA t~e), YM· s 1707 r., reHepaAbm.rii KoMHccap cl>oP™cl>HKaumi 63, 81, 125, 142, 162, 265, 200, 281, 284, 292, 293, 304, 331, 332, 340, 342, 362, 364, 375, 385, 493, 495, 501, 502, 511, 526, 540, 548, 562, 594, 618, 622, 624, 671, 699, 700, 720, 734, 736, 763, 776 BosHapr (AK>K ,11e KAanbe, MapKH3 t~e), MOpaAHCT 307, 376, 407, 581 Bonos (MeAbKHop, MapKH3 t~e), HCTOPHK 643 BO)I(Aa (KAot~ <.l>asp t~e), )'Mep s 1650 r., rpaMMaTHK 15 BoAbrep (<l>paHcya-MapH Apys, Haab!BaeMbiH), asTOp «BeKa Alot~osHKa XIV» 35, 30, 31, 107, 135, 145, 152, 179, 181, 190, 207, 284, 290, 306, 318, 319, 325327, 448, 461, 467, 473, 501, 504, 528, 550, 581, 591, 594, 602, 608. 612, 647, 673,683,717,735, 738,741,775 BoAbThe (<l>paHcya), )'Mep s 1652 r., spa'! KOpOAJI 34, 763 Bocc"Yc (l1caaK), )'Mep s 1689 r., roAAaHACKHH HCTOpHK 188 BoThe (,l(eHH-)KaH), aAXHMHK 321 BpaHreAb (KapA·fycras), YM· s 1676 r., rpacp ,11e Ca.AMH, lllBeACKHH reHepaA. 76, 77, 767 ByaaeH (,l(aHH9Ab), )'Mep s 1693 r., rocyAapcrseHHbiH COSeTHHK 369 ByaaeH (,l(aHHsAb4>paHcya), YM· s 1717 r., nAeMl!HHHK npe,at;.I.ltymero, MHHHcrp H rocyAapcrseHHblH ceKpeTapb, KaHUAep <l>paHUHH 123, 569, 584-587, 620, 648, 674,689, 694,695,697,705,707,710,714, 728, 758, 759,777 ByaaeH (EKaTepHHa MoHsyaaeH, ypO)KAeHHaR ,l(esii, Ha3bisaeMaR}, )'MepAa s 1680 r., OTpaBHTeAbHHUa 317- 321,323,324 ByaaeH (MapHll·MaprapHTa MoHByaaeH,

787

Ha3biSaeMall), .!IO'Ib H COyqaCTHHUa npeAbiAymeii 319, 323, 324 Byanop (BeHcaH), )'Mep s 1648 r., no9T 303, 768 BhllAap ,11e 9pc (<lteAHKc), YM· s 1600 r., enHCKon-rpacp IllaAoHa II, 249, 459 BIOopt~eH (MHweAb-AH)K, 6apoH t~e), nponaraHAHCT 345 810pTeM6eprcKHH (KapA, npHHU), reHepaA 503 810preM6eprcxHH (96epxapA-AAASHr, rep· uor) 335, 336 fa6ape ()i(aH), )'Mep s 1697 r., reHepaA.AeHTeHaHT soeHHQ-MOpCKOrO cpAOTa 263, 264,347,373,505,507,700 fa6pH9Ab ()KaK}, apxHTeKTOp 436 f a6c6yprn, CM. AscrpHHCKHH (AOM). faiis!p (npen. oreu OHope), HeayHT, nponose.aHHK<Slli.UeHHHK 450, 451,527, 765, 766 faKCOTT (Ilbep), HCTOpHK 110, 218, 469 faA.eH, rpe'!eCKHH spa'! 706 faAb6a (CepsHii CyAbnHUHH), pHMCKHH HMnepaTOp 107 faMHAbTOH (9HTOHH), YM· s 1719 r., noAKOSHHK 364 f aHHosepcKaR (CocpHll, repuomHll} 603 fapHbe ()i(aH), YM· s 1705 r., xy.llo)KHHK 557 facCHOH ()KaH, rpacp t~e), )'Mep s 1713 r., reHepaA.-AeHTeHaHT 643, 662 f sHAH (,l(oMeHHKo), CKYAbrrrop 432 fet~eoH, cyAblll1apaHAJI 329, 529, 678 f eHero .1110 llieccH (AHpH .ae), rocyt~apcrseHHbiH ceKpeTapb 111, 123, 126, 759 feHO (AOKTOp) 34 feHpHeTTa <l>paHUy3CKaJI (f eHpHerraMapHll, AO'Ib feHpHxa IV, cynpyra KapAa I CnoapTa, Ha3bisaeMaR), }'MepAa s 1669 r., KopoAesa AHrAHH 55, 104 feHpHeTTa AHrAHHCKal! (feHpHeTTa·AHHa CnoaPT, repuornHl! OpAeaHCKal!, «Mat~aM», Ha3b1SaeMaR), )'MepAa S 1670 r., AO'Ib npe.abl.ltytneii 153, 218, 289, 318, 408, 422, 423, 771 f eHpHX II, KopoAb <l>paHUHH 21, 39, 108, 139, 198, 276 feHpHX III, KOpoAb <.l>paHUHH 16, 21, 71, 159,215,216,220,414,421 f eHpHX IV, KopoAb <l>paHUHH H Hasappbl 9, 11, 20, 21, 26, 31, 42, 63, 78, 82, 108, 139, 144, 153, 195, 216, 226, 229, 268, 276, 285, 312, 314, 378, 422, 471, 490, 527, 577, 589, 590,664, 696,732,735,739,740 feopr I, KOpOAb BeAHKo6pmaHHH 670, 757, 777

788

AA<t>ABHTHbiH YKA3ATF.Ah

rep6epT (Ap-ryp. rpa<t> ToppnHITOH), )'Mep 8 1716 r., 6pHTaHCKHH a.«Mnpv. 505 [ere {HoraHH·BoAI><f>raHr <f>oH), IlHCaTeAJ> 73 fn6yp (a66aT), He,nOCTOHHl>IH C8l!llleHHHK 321, 323- 325 fHabi (.noM), eM. AOTapnHrcKnii (.noM). rna (AHpn AOTapHHrcKnii, repuor .ne), )'Mep 8 1664 r. 210 rna (AYH·)Koae<f> AOTapHHrCKllii, repuor .ne), )'Mep 8 1671 r., T!Ae~UJHHHK npe.ai>I.ll)'IUero 441 rna (f.MtaaseTa Op.MaHCKaJI, repuorHHll .ne), )'MepAa 8 1696 r., cynpyra npe.n~>mywero 441 fniio .ne AaMOTT (lllapAI>), DOAe80H MapWaA 373 fniioH {)KaHHa-Mapnll Eys~>e .ne AaMOTT, ,naMa), nponaraH.llHCTKa KBneTHaMa 471, 603-606 fHnnoKpaT, rpe'fecKHH 8pa-q 706 fHTO (Cl>paucya ,ne lleumepy ,ne), KanHTaH rsap.nnu 18 fnw (AHTyau V .lle fpaMOH, rpa<f> ,ne), )'Mep 8 1725 r., Mapwv. 625 fo66c {ToMac), <f>HAoco<f> 143, 562, 768 fo6HHO {ApTYp .ne), I!HcaTIWrpOMaHHCT 756 ro.ne .ne Mape {lloAI>), enncKon lllap-rpa, co8eTHHK Ma.«aM .ne MeHTeHOH 454, 572, 605,680,681 fo.no {AHTyau), )'Mep 8 1672 r., enHcKOD H aKa.«eMHK 31 fOA)'3H (AHpn ,ne MaCCI03, MapKHa IJe Pi<r 8HHbH, rpa<f>), YM· 8 1720 r., ryreHOTCKHH reuepv. Ha CA}?K6e AHrAHH 625, 626 foAJ>WTeHH·foTTOpncKHii (repuor) 495 foMep, no3T 205, 602 f OH.nH (,noM) 60 foH.nH {)KaH4>paucya .ne), )'Mep 8 1654 r., nep8b1H apxuenncKOn llapu;)Ka 42,47,49,51,54,58,60, 94,768 foH.nn, CM. TalOKe Peu. foHaara, eM. TaK;)Ke MaHTyauCKnii {repuor) n ll<f>aAbUCKaJI (AHHa ,ne fOH3ara, npHHuecca). foHaara {KapAo), repuor MamyauCKmi 338 foHaara (MapHli·AyHaa .ne), npHHuecca MaHTyauCKall, KopoAe8a lloAbWH 77 focco (a66aT) 404 fOTbe {a66aT) 718 fOTbe (Teo<f>HAb), nucaTeAJ> 204 foac6pnau (A)'H·BeHcaH, MapKH3 .ne), )'Mep 8 1744 r., reHepaA·AeiiTeHaHT 375, 644 fpaMOH (AHTyaH Ill, repuor .ne), )'Mep 8 1678 r., Mapwv. 80, 103

fpaMOH {AHTyaH-lllapAI>, repuor .ne), )'Mep 8 1720 r., CbiH npe.n~>mywero, nocoA 314, 443,630 fpaMOH {UH3aBeTa [aMHAl>TOH, rpa<f>HHJJ .ne) 364 rpacHaH (npen. OTeu DaAbTaaap), nea)'HT, MOpaAHCT 182, 215, 218, 376, 735, 773 fpeMoHBHAb {KOMaH.nop .ne), YM· 8 1686 r., .llHTIAOMaT 282 fpnHbliH (ct>paucya AlleMap .ne MoHTeii, rpam.Jii HaMeCTHHK npo8auca 362, 771 fpHHbliH {ct>paHcyaaa-MaprapHTa .ne Ce8n· Hbe, rpa<f>HHJJ .ne), cynpyra npe.llbJ.llY· JUero 309, 389, 771 fpOUHH (fyro ,ne fpOOT, Haabl8aeMbiH), )'Mep 8 1645 r., IOpHCKOHCYAI>T H f)'Ma· HHCT 17, 19, 20, 67, 701 ryro KaneT, KOpOAb ct>paHUHH 21, 206 fyp11HA1> ()Kau 9po .ne), rocy.napcrseHm.IH C08eTHHK 493 fycras Ill, KOpoAb lllBeUHH 143 fycras·A.lloAI><f>, KOpOAb lli8eUHH 79, 96 fJOHreHC {XpneTHau), )'Mep 8 1695 r., <f>naHK H ac-rpOHOM 185, 189, 195, 769, 774,775 f10a {MoHcem.op llbep-,ll;aHH3AI>), )'Mep B 1721 r., apy.nHT H npeAaT 136, 137, 602 ,ll;asH.n, uapb e8peiiCKmi, asrop ncaAMOB 10, 15, 31, 453-455, 457, 458, 487, 529, 531,654 ,ll;asup (rocno.nHH), Y'fHTeAl> pnc08aHHJJ 29 ,ll;aro6epT I, KopoAI> <f>paHKo8 338 ,l);aMa (.noM) 369 ,ll;aHe (llbep), f)'MaHHcr 137 ,ll;~o {HAHnn .ne KypatiioH, MapKH3 .ne), )'M· 8 1720 r., MeMyapHCT 7, 331, 356, 359, 379, 409, 413, 414, 427, 440, 443, 444, 460, 467, 469, 512, 514, 523, 540, 541, 545, 546, 551, 553, 555, 556, 585, 607-609, 625, 627, 646,647,661,683,689,690,700,704,707, 709"-712, 714--716, 756 ,ll;aH;)KO {Co<f>HJJ·MapHll EasapcKaJI, rpa· <f>nHll .ne Ae8eHWTeHH, MapKnaa .ne), cynpyra npe.n~>mywero 707 ,ll;aHHHA, npopoK 677 ,ll;aunKau (HoaAI>), )'Mep 8 1735 r., Heroun· a:HT ua CeH·Mv.o 659 ,l);aHHKaH, CM. <t>u.Au.nop. ,l);aHH3Ab {OTeU), HCTOpHK 206 ,l);apMWTa.«TCKHH {feopr, npHHU fecceH·), )'Mep 8 1705 r., reHepaA Ra HCDaHCKOH CA}?K6e 517 ,ll;accbe, HIDKeHep-Kopa6AecrpoHTeAI> 265

AA<l>ABHTHbiH YKA3ATEAb ~acbe

{Ma.ttaM AHApe), ypo)K.!leHJfaR Alma Aecpesp, nepeBOA"'HUa 602 ~e6pH {Ma.tteM)'ll3Mb), KOMe.I(HaHTl<a 210 ~e)Kap.~teH (Map-reH Ban .~tea Eora9p-r, Ha9bmaeMblii Map-reH), cKy..u.rrrop 230, 397,436 ~e3a..u.e (Amyan), BAa.tteAeu KHH)KHOii AaBKH 593 ~eaeiie {KAoA ae BeH), YMep.11a s 1687 r., .l(eBHUa·KOMflaHbOHKa 323, 593 ~e3IOpceH (<l>AaBHO OpcHHll, repuor Epa"'"'HaHO, Ha9bJBaeMbrii npnHu), YMep B 1698 r. 374 ~e310pceH (AHHa·MapHR .Ae .ha:q>eMyif, npHHUecca), YMepAa B 1722 r., cynpyra npe.l(bl.l(ymero 421, 570, 579, 615, 620, 690 ~eKap-r (PeHe), YMep B 1650 r., cpHAococp 239,244,463-465,767,768 ~eKAO, enHCKOn 459 ~eAaAaH.A (MHmeAJ.-PHmap), YM· B 1726 r., cynepHHTeH.AaJIT KaMepHoii MY3biKH 372, 441,584,708 ~eAapiO (npen. areu lllap..u.), ne3)'HT, nponose.AHHK 137, 232, 450, 461, 756, 765, 766, 779 ~eAAHnrep (lioraHH·MmaUHii cpoH), TeoAor 754 ~eMa,npn, YMep B 1699 r., HHTeH.AaHT 362 ~eMape (HHKoAa), YM· B 1721 r., nAeMJIHHHK Ko..u.6epa, MHHllqfp H reHepa..u.Hblii KOHTpOAep 123, 125, 126, 163, 379, 584587, 618-621, 632, 650, 652, 653, 661, 689, 705, 720, 758, 760, 761, 776 ~eMape (Ma.AAeHa EemaMeii, cynpyra HHKoAa), YMep.11a B 1725 r. 446 ~eMbJI (lllap..u.), YM· B 1689 r., KaHOHHK 391 ~eoH (Mnme..u.), nHcaTeAb 574 ~JKeHKHJIC, HCTOpHK cpAOTa 300, 657 ~oH (APTYP• rpacp), YMep s 1733 r., nOAeBOH MapmaA 639 ~eHc ('lapA3), poMaHHcr 185 ~o6eHTOH (npen. areu fniioM), He3)'HT, AyxOBHHK HAmma V 421 ~onrya (il<aa), rAaBHblii ceKperapb cyaa 130, 461 ~oHJfo .~te Bn3e ()Kaa), YMep B 1710 r., ny6AHUHCT H nponaraH.I(HCT 345, 771 ~op6e (pancya), YMep B 1697 r., apxnreKTOp 203, 394, 436 ~ocpHH, CM. MoHceHbOp, EypryH.ACKHii, EperoHcKHii H A!OaosHK XV. ~ocpHHa, CM. MapwrAHHa-XpnCTHHa·BHKT<)pHR Easapa<all H EypryH.ACKaR (repuorHHll).

789

~pe

(Ma,naM HAmm ae, ypo)K.!leHllaR EKarepHHa4>pancyaaa CeHTO) 321 ~pe a'06peii (Amyan), YMep s 1666 r., rAaBHbiH CY.llbR npeBOTCTBa, OTpaBAeH 176, 241, 318, 771 ~pe tt'06peii {Ma,naM Amyan), cynpyra npeabiA)'IUero 222 ~pe .a'06peii (AHTyan ll), YMep B 1670 r., CbJH ~ero, rAaBHblii cy· 4bJI npeBOTCTBa, O"IpaBAeH 176, 318, 771 ~pe .a'06peii (<l>pancya), YMep B 1670 r., 6paT npe.abl.llymero, coeeTHHK TiapAaMeHTa, OH TaKJKe 6blA OTpaBAeH 318 ~IOaH, !OpHCT 278 ~J06peii (npen. areu), oparopnaneu 464 ~ya ()Kan), KaHOHHK 718 ~106ya (MapH), KaMepaHHep KOpOAR 24, 83-85 ~6yp

(AeoHop-Mapn .1110 MeH, rpacp), MapmaA 375 ~I06IOnccoH, eM. Aeca)K. ~BOCeAb (Ayn), JIHCeHHCT 566 ~reKAeH (EepTPaH), KOHHeTa6Ab 296, 357 ~10re-TpY9H (PeHe), YM· B 1736 r., reHepaAAeiireHaHT BDeHHC>-MOpCKOro cpAOTa 373, 435,618,626,657~,663, 776,777 ~KaH)K (lllap..u. .1110 <l>peH), YM· B 1688 r., 9pyaHT 189 ~IOKacc ()Kan.EaTHcr), YMep B 1715 r., KasaAep 3oAororo pyna, reaepaAAeiireHaHT BOeHHC>-MOpCKOro cpAOTa 435, 520,618,660,661,775,777 ~KeH (A6paaM), YM· B 1688 r., reaepaA· AeHreHaHT soeHHo-MopcKoro cp.11ara 266, 289, 299, 347, 364, 408, 487, 500, 584, 772, 773 ~IOKeH-fJITTOH (A6paaM), YMep B 1724 r., nAeMJIHHHK npe.abJAymero, reHepaA· AeHreHaHT BDeHHC>-MOpCKOro cpAOTa 364 ~IOKeH-MoHHbe (A6paaM-Ayn), YMep B 1726 r., apyroii nAeMJIHHHK BeAHKOro ~IOKeHa, KOMaH.AHp 9CKMpbi 364 ~IOKAepK ()Kan4>pancya), KanHTaH cpperaTa 659 ~AIOtl (AHpn ae ~aiioa, repuor), YMep s 1635 r., Ha"'a..u.HHK ap-rHAAepHH panUHH 210,553 ~IOMa-<>TeU (AAeKCaH.Ap), pOMaHHCT 30, 38, 232,344,358,753 ~Me3HAb ()Kop)K), HCTOpHK H cpHAOAOr 509 ~10nya ()Kan, rpacp ae), YMep B 1468 r., 6acrap.a Op.11eaHcKHii 589 ~nAeccn-Tipa.~~eH (Ceaap, repuor .Ae

790

AA<t>ABMTHbiR YKA3ATEAb

lllyaae.hb, rpacp), }'Mep 8 1675 r., Mapwv. 52, 76, 762, 768 ,l{10pac ()Ka~<-AHpH tte ,l{10pcpop, repuor tte), Mapwv. 624, 763 ,l{10pyp (AKryaH), }'Mep 8 1670 r., rAasapb 6aHA 237 ,l{10pyp (.IV.ott-MapHR AIO r acr tt' ApTHHbH, rpacpHHll) 322 ,l{!Opcpop, eM. ,l{10pa H AoplK. ,l{JOwaTAe (AKryaH-lllapAb, MapKH3), }'Mep 8 1720 r., reHepaA·AeHTeHaHT 623 ,l{10meAa (<l>paHcya AHrAatt tte J\.aHrAatt), }'Mep 8 1702 !"., CTapwmi C8RWeHHHK 8 Ce8eHHax 677, 776 ,l{JOmeH (AHttpe), 10pHCKOHCYAbT 144 EsreHHii (E8reHHii.¢paHcya CasoiicKHiiKapHHbRHO, Ha3bi8aeMbiH npHHU), }'Mep 8 1736 r., cpeN.ttMapwv. 504, 519, 616, 618, 621, 624-627, 639, 641--643, 647649,662,664-666,669,673,756,776 EKarepHHa 11, HMneparpHua PoccHH 66, 143, 725 EKarepm~a MettH'IH, KOpoAe8a <l>paHUKH 21 EAHaasera-lllapAOTTa EasapcKall, eM. MattaM TicpaAbUCKaR npHHuecca. )KaJf 9tt (csRTOii), YM· 8 1600 r., OCH08aTeAb KOHI'pel'aUHH 4ro-462, 583, 754,767, 773 )KaH-Earncr tte AacaN. (c8RTOii), }'Mep 8 1719 I"., OCII08aTeAb KOHrperaUKH 6paTbe8 XpHCTHaHCKHX WKOA 391, 392, 584 )KaHCOH (TycceH tte <l>op6eH, KapttHHaA .ae). I"Aa8HbiH KaneAAaH, nOCOA 365 )Ke8p (AeoH TioTbe, repuor .ae TpeM, Ha3bl8aeMblH repuor .ae), }'Mep 8 1704 r., ry6ep11arop TiapHlKa 398 .-)KeAe311all MacKa••, CM. MaTTHOAH. /.Ke11e8be8a (c8RTaR) 673 /.KHN.6ep tte ByaaeH (lliep VI), }'Mep 8 1769 !"., .liOKAatt'IHK 8 focy.aapCTBeHHOM C08eTe 461 )Kxpap.ae (PayN>), HcropHK 432, 755 )i(npap.aoH (<l>paHcya), }'Mep 8 1715 r., cKyAJ.mop 199, 200, 230, 432, 433, 436 )KHpO (MapceN.), HCTOpHK 720 )i(HTTap (,l{aHH3Ab), }'Mep 8 1686 r., apxHTeKrop 395, 396 )Ko.ttAe ()KJOAbeH Eetto, Ha3bi8aeMbiii), }'Mep 8 1660 r .. aKTep 103 )i(QAH (fH) MeMJapHCT 51 )i(Q.AH (MOHceHLop), enHCKOn 459 )KoAH .ae <l>AepH (fmioM.¢paHcya), }'Mep 8 1756 r., KOpOAeBCKHH a.aBOKaT 693 )i(oAN.e (J\.Y"), }'Mep 8 1700 r., HCCAe.ll<r 8aTeAb 349

)Kyaiiea ()KaH-ApMaH .ae), YMep 8 1710 r., Mapwv. 624, 763 )i(yaiiea (AY" AOTa.pKHI"CKIDi, repuor .ae), YM· 8 1654 r., rAaBHLiii KaMeprep 26, 27,55 )i(y6ep ()i(aH), MHHHaTIOpHCT 561 )Kyp.aaH tte J\.acaAb (EepHap), )"'HTe.hb Hrpbl Ha rnrape 32 )i(roaHHe (npen. oreu .ae), oparopHaHeu 464 )1\JOAbeH ()KaK .ae), reHepv.-AeHTeHaHT 367,623 A<.iopbe (nacrop llbep), noAeMHCT 529, 574,592,676,677 3eAAep (faCTOH), HCTOpHK 287 3opo8a8e.hb, 80CCTaH08HTeAb MepycaAHMcKoro xpaMa 529 MaKo8, 6H6AeiicKHii narpHapx 681 M6ep8HAb (llbep AeMyaH .a'), }'Mep 8 1706 r., KanHTaH Kopa6AR 349, 350,520, 658 lirnaUHH .ae J\.oifoAa (C8RTOH), OCH08aTeAb op.aeHa MHcyca (He3JHT08} 463 MepoHHM (c8RTOii), Oreu UepK8H 563, 565 MHcyc Hasm~, cy.abll MapaaN1529, 531, 678 MHap (AYH}. BAatteAeu MaJIYcpaKTypbl 169 MHec tte Kacrpo, HHcpaHTa TiopryraAHH, «MepTBal! KOpOAe8a» 20 liKHoKeHTIDi X (,l{lKaM6aTTHcra DaMcpHAH, Tiana), YM· 8 1655 r. 94, 247, 463, 753, 757 liHHOKeHTIDi XI (EeHe.aeTTO O.aecKaN.KH, 6AalKe•mblii, Dana), }'Mep 8 1689 r. 137, 330,351-354,403,473,757,772,774 MHHoKeHTIDi XII (AHToHHO TIHHbl!TeAAH, Dana), }'Mep 8 1700 r. 757 MoaHH E8aHreAHCT (csRToii), anoCTOA 239 MoaHH .IV.HMaKoc (c8RTOii), acKeT 254 MoaHH KpecrnTeAb (c8RTOii), npopoK 239, 768 Mo8, 6H6AeiiCKHii narpHapx 688, 717 MoraHH-BHN.reN.M-MocHcp, TicpaN.ucKIDi Kypcp10pCT 495, 578, 757 MocHcp (<l>Aa8Hii), e8peiicKHii HCTOpHK 253 MocH<!J I, YMep 8 1711 r., HMnepaTop 610, 662, 757 HocHcp II, YMep 8 1790 r., HMneparop 139, 143,464,726 Mcas, 6H6AeiicKHii narpHapx 681 RopKCKHii (repuor), eM. RKo8 II. KasaAAH (<l>paH'IecKo), KoMnoaHTOp 33 KasaAbe ()i(aH), rAasa KaMHaapo8 677 KaseAJ.e .ae AacaAb (PeHe-Po6ep), YM· 8 1687 r., HCCAett08aTeAb AYH3HaHbl 350, 773,777 Katto (Hm<oAa), IWI.lleA.eu MaJJY<f>alcrypbi 170 KaAN.ep (<l>paHcya ttf;!), }'Mep 8 1717 r., nOCOA 518

AA<tJABHTHbiM YKA3ATF.I\b

KaAbBHH ()KaH), pe<PopMarop 242, 243, 250, 476, 487, 591 KaMape(npen.oreu) 314,404 KaMnaHeAAa (open. OTeu ToMMaao), <PH.>.ocoq:,, tlOMHHHKaHeU-MOHax 19 KaHH (MHweM> II .ae IllaMHiillp, MapKH3 .ae), )'Mep B 1716 r., CbiH H npeeMHHK rocy.aapCTBeHHOro ce1<pe-rap11 126 KaHH.III< {)KaK-THMOAeOH .ae Eoq:,op, MapKH3 .ae), .asop11HHH-rpa6HTeAb 131 Kanpapa (AAI.Heac CHAJ>BH)'C, rpaq:, .ae), )'Mep B 1704 r., reHepu 294 Kapa Mycraq:,a, )'Mep B 1683 r., BeAHKHH BH3Hpb 340 KapeM (rocno.aHH .ae), HH)KeHep 19 KapHHbllHO (MapHll .ae Eyp6oH-CyaccoH, cynpyra ToMa4>paHcya CasoiicKoro, npHHua .ae), )'Mep.>.a B 1692 r. 55, 233 KapHHbllHO (AyHaa CasoiicKa~t), .ao'lb npetlbltlywHx 55 KapKaBH (Ihep), MareMaTHK 189, 195 Kap.>. BeAHI<Hii, HMneparop 12, 206, 440, 484,527 KapA V, I<OpOAb <lJpaHUHH 41, 61, 589 Kap.>. VI, KOpOAb <lJpaHUHH 14 Kap.>. VII, KOpOAb <tJpaHUHH 9, llO, 143 Kap.>. VIII, Kopo.>.b <lJpaHUHH 327 Kap.>. V, HMOepaTop 24, 61, 230, 329, 336, 342,419,609,656,662 Kap.>. VI, 1685-1740 rr., apurepuor, npeTeH.aeHT Ha TPOH HcnaHHH no.a HMeHeM Kap.>.a Ill, aareM HMneparop 609-611, 619, 623, 626, 635, 649, 654-656, 658, 662,666,669,757-777 Kap.>. I, )'Mep B 1649 r., KopoAb A.Hr.>.HH 44, 55, 757, 768 Kap.>. II, YM· B 1685 r., CbiH npetlbltlywero, I<OpOAb AlrrAHH 55, 109, 268, 272, 282, 301,304,335,496,757,769,773 Kap.>. II, )'Mep B 1700 r., KopoM> HcnaHHH 97, 101, 227, 270, 277, 278, 283, 284, 304, 329, 339, 340, 342, 399, 491, 498, 518, 520, 522, 524, 527. 565, 582, 608, 609615,619,635,740:757,769,775 Kap.>. XI, )'Mep B 1697 r., KopoAb IllseUHH 298, 758 Kap.>. XII, )'Mep B 1718 r., CbiH npe.abitlywero, KopoM> IllseUHH 298, 330,625,758,775,777 Kap.>. IV, )'Mep B 1675 r., repuor AOTapHHrcKHii 101, 272, 275, 276, 292, 294, 295, 298, 611 Kap.>. V AeonoM>.a, )'Mep B 1690 r., OAeMllHHHK H HaCAetlHHK npetlbltlytlle-

791

ro, reHepu, repuor AOTapHHrcKHH 276, 294,500,579,754 Kap.>. CMeAbrn, repuor EypryH.acKHii 20 Kap.>.-AiotlBHr, YM· B 1680 r., 11<PMbUCI<HH 1<ypq:,10pcr 343, 495, 528, 578 Kap.>. II, YM· B 1685 r., CbiH npe.abltlywero, IT<PaAbUCI<HH Kyp<PIOPCT 336, 343 Kap.>. MapTeAA, Maiiop.aoM 296 Kap.>.o EoppoMeo (csllToii), apXHenHCKon MHAaHa 459, 591, 681 Kappen.e (KpHCTHaH), COCTaBHTeAb po.aoCAOBHbiX 20 Kaccap {)Ka~<), YM· B 1740 r., KanHTaH Kopa6Al1435, 618, 631, 658, 663, 667, 777 KaccHii, y6Hiiua Ueaap11 593 KacCHHH ()KaH-,l{oMHHHK), )'Mep B 1712 r., aCTPOHOM 185, 189, 195, 394, 407, 773 KacreM>-Po.apHro {MapKH3 .ae), ry6epHaTop JiH.aepAaH.aOB 281, 283, 301 KaTHHa (HHI<o.>.a .ae), Mapwu 362, 368, 499, 501- 504, 513, 520, 526, 531, 584, 588,597,616,621,624,700,763,775 Karo {Ma.aeMYaaeM>), ropHH'IHall 323 KaTOH CTapwHii (MapK 11opuHii KaToH, Ha3blBaeMbiH), MOpaAHCT 548 Ka#bepH (HAHnn), 6poH3HposmHK 230, 434,436,438 KBHpHHHii, pHMCKHH ry6epHarop CHpHH 654 KeAAepbl (HoraHH-IiMbTaaap H HoraHHRKo6), AHTeHmHKH 435, 738 KeA!Oc (Mapn .ae M!Opce, rpa<PHHll .ae), MeMllHHHua MatlaM .ae MeHTeHOH 446, 572, 707, 755 KeHeM> (npen. oreu 11acKbe), YM· B 1719 r., TeOAOf 143, 253, 254, 403, 466, 680, 681, 683,691-693,717,771,775 KeHKe (open. OTeu), reaTHHeu, nponose.aHHK 450,766 Kl!npiOAIO (AxMeT), )'Mep B 1676 r., BeAH· KHH BH3Hpb 276, 296 KenplOAIO {MexMe.a), CM. Kl!nplOAIO (AxMeT). KHtl)f(H (<l>AasHo), Kap.aHHM, AeraT 226, 246,770 KH.ll)f(H, CM. A.Aei<CaH.ap VII. KHHo (<l>HAHnn), )'Mep B 1688 r., noaT H AH6peTTHCT 189,204,223,486,771,774 KHHcH ()Koae. <PoH), reopeTHK CTPaTerHH 76, 260, 285, 290, 295, 303, 327,332,504,524,665 KAepMoH-ToHHeppbl (.aoM) 458 KAHMeHT IX (A)f(YAHO PocnHM>03H, 11ana), )'Mep s 1669 r. 249-251, 757

792

A.J\Cl>ABHTHbU1 YKA3ATE.t\b

KA.HMeHT X (9MHAHO AAbTLepH, Tiana), )'Mep 8 1676 r. 351, 757 l<AHMeHT XI (~:1KaHcppaH'lecKo AAb6aHH, Tiana), )'Mep 8 1721 r. 682,691- 694,757 KoKTO (IKaH), non 558 KoAe (9TheH4>paHcya tte), enHcKon TiaMbe 249, 351, 459 KoAHHbH (rpacp IKaH tte), )'Mep s 1686 r., reHepM-AeiiTeHaHT 276, 770 KoAoHHa (KoHHeTa6Ab AopeHUo 0Ho<j:r pHO), HeanOAHTaHCKHH 8eAbMOll<a 100 KoAOHHa (cynpyra KOHHeTa6AJ1), CM. MaH· 'IHHH (MapH11). KoAo6ep, CM. TaK:1Ke EAeHBHAb, KpyaccH, CeHbeAe, TopcH, BHAAacep. KoAb6epbitte CeHLeAe (ttoM) 115, 357, 440, 458,541,568,584,585,737 KoAb6ep tte Ba.H.~tbep (HHKoAa), rocyttapCTBeHHbiH COBeTHHK no KopoAe8CKOH rpaMoTe 181 KoAb6ep (IKaH-Eamcr), )'Mep 8 1683 r., CblH npeltbl.lt)'lllero, MHHHcrp, rocyttapCTBeHHbiH ceKpeTllpb, reHepaAOHbiH KO.HTpOAep, cynepHHTeH.ItaHT crpoHTeAbCTBa 4, 7, 8, 53, 54, 90, 112, 115-121, 123-126, 131-133, 138, 148, 152- 177, 179-182, 187-204, 214, 216, 22~ 224,227,228,232- 235,237,257, 258, 261-267, 277, 280, 284, 286, 287, 291, 299, 311, 316, 318, 319, 321, 323, 324, 347, 349,350,353,362,363,378-380,384,38&389, 392-397, 407, 413, 424, 437, 441, 44~ 478,483,488,548,550,561,562,577,579, 580, 583. 585-587, 600, 620--622, 671, 700, 724, 728, 729, 737, 738, 758-761, 769-771. 773 KoAh6ep tte KpyaccH (IllapAh·IKoaweH), nAeMIIRHHK npettbi.Itywero, enHcKon MoHneAbe 267, 392, 459, 585, 682 KoAb6ep tte TeppoH (IKaH), )'Mep 8 1684 r., rAa8HbiH HlrreH,ItaHT 8oeHHoMOpCKOro cjlAOTa 264, 266 KoMrrroH (feHpH), }'Mep 8 1713 r., enacKon AoHttoHa 497 Koutte (ttoM Eyp6ouo8) 413, 575, 590, 696, 710 Ko.H.~te (AHpH tte Eyp6oH, npHHU tte), )'Mep 8 1646 r., npHHU Kp08H, rAaBa C08eT08 80 apeMll pereHTCTBa MapHH ABcrpHiicKoii 26, 42, 48, 81, 753 Ko.H.~te (IllapAorra-MaprapHTa tte MoHMopaHCH, npHHUecca tte), )'MepAa 8 1650 r., cynpyra npeltbl.ltywero, KpecmaR MaTh Alott08HKa XIV 25, 469 Ko.H.~te («Mecoe npHHU» AlottoBHK II Eyp-

6ou, repuor 9HrneHCKHH, saTeM npHHU tte), )'Mep 8 1686 r., CbtH npettbJAytUHX, nepBbiH npHHU Kp08H, 3HaMeHHTbJH OOAK080,IteU, np038aHHbiH «BeAHKHM Ko.H.~te» 25-28, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56, 57, 61, 63, 76, 77, 81, 82, 100, 101, 103, 120, 210, 218, 248, 282, 283, 288, 289, 290294, 296-298, 303, 311, 358, 364, 374. 411, 413, 414, 423, 501, 577, 591, 753, 767, 769, 772, 774 Ko.H.~te (AHpH-IKIOAb Eyp6oH, npHHU tte), )'Mep 8 1709 r., CbJH npettblttywero, nep8biH npHHU KpOBH 120, 192, 210, 312, 357,526,589,593,695 Koucra.HTHH I BeAHKHii, pHMCKHH HMnepaTOp 484, 486, 489 KoHTM (1Kop:1K-facnap tte), }'Mep s 1735 r., reuepM-AeHTeHaHT 665 KoHTapHHH (AAoH3Ho), BeHeUHaHCKHH OOCOA 27 KoHm(ttoMEyp60H08)413,575,590,696 KoHm (ApMaH Eyp6oH-KoH.~te, npHHU tte), )'Mep 8 1666 r., 6paT 8eAHKoro Ko.H.~te, rAasa <l>pOH.Itbt 26, 42, 49, 51, 54, 56, 58, 61, 81 KoHm (AYH·ApMaH I Eyp6oH, npHHu tte), )'Mep 8 1685 r., CbiH npettotttywero 311, 773 KoHm (MapHR-AHHa Eyp6oH, MatteMya3eAb tte EAya I, npHuuecca tte), )'MepAa 8 1739 r., cynpyra npettblttywero 307, 311.408,445,469,770,773 KoHm '(<l>paucya-AYH Eyp6oH, npHHU tte), }'Mep 8 1709 r., ,~te8epo npettol.ltywei1, uanpacuo npH38aHHbiH Ha noAbcKHH TpOH 408, 503, 519, 52~ 526, 646 KoRTH (MapHR-TepesHII Eyp6ou-Ko.H.~te, npHHuecca tte), )'MepAa 8 1732 r., cynpy· ra npettbiAywero 408 KoHm (AYH·ApMaH II Eyp6oH, npHHu tte), )'Mep 8 1727 r., CbiH npettbl.ltytUHX 697, 709 KoHcpyuHH, cjlHAococp 684 Kouoe (a66aT AYH), HCTOpHK Tiop-PoliAII 604, 756 Kop8H3be (AH.Itpe), HcropHK 7 KoptteMya (/Kepo tte), aKatteMHK 136 KopHe (HHKOM), )'Mep 8 1663 r., TeoAor 240,244,467 KopHeAb (lliep), )'Mep 8 1684 r., ttpaMaTrpr 20, 37, 62, 75, 96, 107, 186, 189, 190,219,273,546,768,770,771,773 KopHeAb (ToMa), }'Mep 8 1709 r., 6paT npett~>Ittywero, .ttpaMaTrpr 186, 771, 777

AA<t>ABHTHhll1 YKA3ATE.Ah KopoAH-AO,ablp11 37 Koppe,aJKo (Alrro11110 AAAerp11, Haa&maeM&ri1), XY.£10lKH11K 563-565 KocM (.aoM), ~JtHeu, nponose.aHHK 450, 764 KOTI' (Po6ep .ae), YMep B 1735 r., apxHTeKTOp 204, 372, 429, 438, 439 KOTI'ap (lliep), apxHTeKTOp 201 KosTAoroH (AAeH-8MMaHI09Ab, MapK113 .ae), YMep B 1730 r., s11ue-a.aM11pa.... 263, 509,510,621 KpeKI1 (lllapA& III, repuor .ae), YMep B 1687 r., nepBblH KOMHaTHbiH ,!IBOpllHHH, UOCOA 222, 246 KpeK11 (AHHa-ApMaH,aa .ae CeH-:>KeAe .ae AaHcaK, repuomHI! .ae), YMepAa B 1709 r., cynpyra npe.a&l.!lymero 246 KpeKI1 (<l>paHcya, MapKH3 .ae), YMep B 1687 r., aesep& npe.awaymei1, Mapwa.... 134, 280, 298, 301, 305, 340, 584, 763, 772, 773 Kp11crnaH V, KOpoA& ,aamm 304, 361, 757 Kpoaa (AlrryaH), <PHHaHcHCT 653, 671 KpoMBeA& (OAHBep), YMep B 1658 r., AOp.anpOTeKTOp82, 101,498,757,768,769 KpoMBeA& (Pw'lapa), c&rn 11 HaCAe,aHHK npe.abl.£1ymero 101, 109, 757, 769 KpoHcrpeM (,aaHH9A&, 6apoH), ceKpeTapb WBettCKOrO UOCOA&CTBa, AJ06HTeAb lKI1BOnHCH 563-565 KpyaccH, eM. TaKJKe KoA&6ep. Kpyacc11 (lllapA& KoA&6ep, MapKHs .ae), YM· B 1696 r., M11HHcrp H roc. ceKpeTap& MI1HHCTepCTBa HHOC1paHHbi:X tteA 126128, 284, 334, 335, 344, 361, 363, 440, 442,496,517,585,608,758-760,775 KyaaesoKc (AlrryaH), YM· B 1720 r., cKyA&nrop 433, 436, 738 Kya....eH (.aoM ,a10 KaM6y ae) 694 Kya....eH (ApMaH .a10 KaM6y, repuor .ae), YMep B 1702 r. 210, 213 Kya....eH (MOHCeHbop AHpH-lllapA& .a10 KaM6y ae), YMep s 1732 r., c&rH npe.a&r.aymero, enHcKon Meua 694 KyaneA& (AlrryaH), YMep B 1722 r., xy.aoJKHHK 198, 409, 565 KynepeH, Haa&maeM&IH BeAHKHM, (<l>paHcya), YMep B 1733 r., KOMnoalrrOp 579, 708, 771, 775 KypTaHBo (MHweA&4>paHcya AeTeA&e ae Aysya, MapKHa .ae), YMep B 1721 r., cwH 11 npeeMHHK Aysya 126, 217 Kypnw. ae CaH.apa (I'ae&eH), YM· s 1712 r., nponaraHAHCT 344

793

KyCTY,CKYA&nTOp&r440 K}"''IH (,aoMeHHKo), 6poHa11posw.HK 230 Aa6pH<PKaH .ae), YMep B 1696 r., MOpaAHCT 237, 356, 372, 390, 486, 533, 567,602,774,775 Aa6yAe (:>KaK .ae), ry6epHarop 8K3HAI! 362 Aa6ypttoHHe (.aoM ae) 458 AasaA&ep (:>Ka.H-<l>paHcya .ae Aa6oMAe6AaH, MapK113 .ae), YMep B 1676 r., noAesoi1 Mapwa.... 210 Aasa....&ep (I'a6p119Ab fAe.ae AaKocrapae, MapKHsa .ae), cynpyra npettbl.!lymero 213 Aasa....&ep (AY"sa4>paHcyaaa .ae Aa6oMAe6AaH, repuorHHII .ae BoJKyp 11 .ae), YMepAa B 1710 r., 30AOBKa npe.a&l.!lywei1, <PasopHTKa KOpOAJI, 3aTeM MoHawKa-KapMeAHTKa no.a .HMeHeM cecrpw Ayns&I OT MHAocepAHII 210, 211, 213, 220, 227, 250, 280, 307, 308, 310, 311, 314,324,450,567 Aasap.aeH (AHp11-lllapA& .ae EoMaHY3P• MapKHa ae), YM· B 1705 r., nocoA 346, 354 AasapeHtl (:>KaH .ae), poMaHHCT 755 Aas11cc (8pHecr), 11CTOpHK 6, 79, 179, 250, 296,381,424,489,683,697,717 AaspliHep (A)'II4>eAHno, MapK113 .ae), YM· B 1725 r., rocy.aapCTBeHHbiH ceKpernpb, aaHHMaiOwHHCII AeAaMH rtpoTeCTaHI'CKOH peAHrHH112, 125, 127, 128, 584, 759 AarpaHJK (lllapA& BapAe ae), YM· B 1692 r., KOMe,a.HaHT 210 AaKeHTHHH (:>KaH .ae), ca.aoso.a-arpoHOM 430 AaKoM6 (npen. oTeu), MOHax opaeHa BapHaBIITOB 603-605 AaKyc, p.HMCKHH npeeKT 107 AaMapTHH (AA&<PoHc .ae), no9T 756 AaM6ep (AHHa-TepeaHll .ae MapreHa .ae KypceAb, MapKHsa .ae), nHcaTeA&HHila 689 AaM6ep ae Top11Hbl1 (:>Ka.H-EaTHcr), npeSHAeHT 395 AaMH (npen. OTeU EepHap), opaTOpHaHeu 464,465 Aa MHpaH.aoAa (<l>paH'IecKo-MapHll ITHKo, repuor ae), YMep B 1747 r., COI03HHK <IJHA.Imna V 624 AaMOTI' Aesei1e (<l>paHcya Aeseife .ae AaMOTI', Ha3&IBaeM&ti1), YMep B 1672 r., TYMaHHCT, socnHTaTeAh MoHceHbopa 30, 31, 70, 83, 403 AaMOTT-YttaHKyp (AHpH .ae), YM· s 1684 r., npeAaT 139

794

AA<l>ABIITHblH YKA3ATI.Ab

AaMO'JT-Y.AaHK)'f> (<l>woom, repuor t~e KapAa'I'yp t~'OsepHb, CM. EyiioH H TropeHH. Aacpaiierr (Ayu3a t~e MOTbe t~e), MOHaxH.AOHH, MapwaA t~e), YM· B 1657 r., 6paT npelll>IJ.I)'Wero 52 IUI 18 AaMoTT-Y.AaHKyp (IllapAb, rpacp t~e), YM· B Aacpaiierr (MapiUI-Ma.aAeHa lliow t~e 1728 r., nAeMl!HHHK npe.AbUlynutX, reHeAasepHb, rpacpHIUI .ae), YM· B 1692 r., popaA-AeHTeHaHT 362, 365, 373 MaHHCTKa H MeM)'apHCTKa 7, 23, 75, 103, AaM)'aHboH, eM. TaJoKe EasHAb. 108,374,422,469,573,580,772,775 AaM)'aHboH (flriioM), YM· B 1677 r., nepAacpeii.ll.ll (<l>paHcya t~'06roccoH, repuor t~e Bbrn npe3HlleHT 159, 160, 233, 588, 589 PoaHHe, MapwaA t~e), )'Mep B 1691 r., AaMyaHbOH (KpeneH4>paHcya t~e), )'Mep B HHHUHarop co3.AaHHll nAowa.aH ITo6e.11 1709 r., CbiH npet~bUlywero, KOpoAeB293,398,763 CKHH a,ABOKaT 369 Aacpeii.ll.ll (Ayu .a'06JOCCOH, repuor .ae AaMyaHbOH (MapiUI-)1\a]ma Bya:JeH, cynpyra PoaHHe, Ha3biBaeMbiH repuor t~e), )'Mep B npe3H.AeHTa), cynpyra npelll>I.a)'Wero 369 1725 r., CbJH npe.ablt~ywero, MapwaA AaHll<epoH ()Ko3ecp Al!llpo, MapKH3 t~e), <l>paHUHH, noTepneswlrii nopa*eHHe B )'Mep B 1711 r., reHepaA-AeifreHaHT so1706 r. B TypHHe 130, 361, 393, 397, 550, eHHo-MopcKoro cpAon 434 618,625,626 AaHKAO (Alma, Ha3biBaeMaJI HlrnoH t~e), AacpepTe-CeHTepp (AHpu, repuor t~e), YM· )'MepAa B 1705 r., 91IHKypeiiKa 567 B 1681 r., MapwaA 57, 81, 276, 541, 762 AaHcaK (<l>paHcya3a t~e Cyspe, MapKH3a AacpepTe-CeHTepp (Ma.aAeHa t~'AHl!<aH, t~e), rysepHaHTKa MaAeHbKoro Alot~oBH repuorniUI t~e), )'MepAa B 1714 r., cynpyKa XIV 19,26 ra npe.abJ.Aywero 313 AacpepTe (AHpu-<l>paucya ,Ae AacpepTeAaHceAo (KAot~), )'Mep B 1695 r., rpaMMaTHK, OTWeAbHHK 239, 245, 246, 253, 255, CeHTepp, repuor t~e), YM· B 1703 r., CbtH 591, 592, 775 npMhi.Aywux, reHepaA-AeifreHaHT 541 Aaorerr (IllapAb <l>opTeH, MapKH3 t~e), AacpoHTeH ()l(aH t~e), )'Mep B 1695 r., n09T 218,228,602,770,772,775 reHepaA-AeWreHaHT 364 Aacpocc (IllapAb t~e), )'Mep B 1716 r., AanopT (lliep t~e), )'Mep B 1680 r., nepBb!H KOMHaTHbJ.H CAyra KOpONI, MeM)'apHCT xy,AO)!(HHK 194 16,22,23,27,29,30,33,50 AauuapHHH (rocnot~HH), BHOAOH'IeAHCT 33 AapeiiHH (fa6pH9Ab-HHKoAa .ae), )'Mep B Aawea (npen. oTeu <l>paHcya t~'8Kc .Ae), 1709 r., HaMeCTHHK nOAHUHH 124, 176)'Mep B 1709 r., He3yuT, .AyxOBHHK KOpo178,219,317,320-325,423, 728,762 AJ! 4, 405, 441, 449, 457, 459, 460, 464466, 470, 471, 481, 483, 488, 549, 554, Aapo3 ()KaH-BaTHCT .ae), xy.aoli<HJIK 264 680,683,684,741,762,776 AapowcpYJ<O (.AOM .ae) 264, 541 Ae6e ()l(aH), Y'JHTeAb KaAAmpacpuu 29 AapowcpYJ<O, CM. TaK)!(e AHauKyp H Pya. Ae6pe {Kapt~eH), ropuCKoHcyAbT 145, 146 AapowcpYJ<O (<l>paHcya VI, repuor .ae), YM· B 1680 r., cppoHt~ep H MOpaAHCT 56, Ae6peH (IllapAb), )'Mep B 1690 r., nepBbJH 58,60, 153,264,306,543,569,769,770, xy.AOli<HHK KOpOAll, .AHpeKTOp «fo6eAe773 HOB» 120, 155, 191- 193, 198, 204, 229, 230, 266, 271, 394, 427, 429, 437, 439, AapowcpYJ<O (<l>paucya vn, npHHU .ae 565,584,738,770,774 MapclriiliK, aaTeM repuor .ae), )'Mep B Ae6y (fHiioM), peAHrnOaHblii opaTop, 1714 r., CbJH npe,abJ,aywero, .apyr KopoenucKon ~aKca 24, 450, 764 NI, o6ep-erepMeiiCTep 210, 550 Aes X, ITana 194 AapoWcpYJ<O (<l>paHcya vm, repuor .ae AapowrniioH, 3aTeM repuor .Ae), )'Mep B Aeso (Ayu), )'Mep B 1670 r., apxHTeKTop 8, 83, 120, 190, 201, 202, 204, 229, 230, 386, 1728 r., Cb!H npe.AbJ.Aywero, noAeBoii 393,395,396,436 MapwaA, o6ep-erepMeiiCTep 569 AeraAb Aacept~a (.AOH <l>paHcHCKO t~e), ucnaucKirii (<l>paucya-PeHe, Ha3bJBaeMbJH a.AMHpaA 299 6apOHOM, a 3aTeM MapKH30M .ae), )'Mep B 1724 r., reHepaA-AeifreHaHT 367, 622, 644 AacoopaHc (fh.ep Kaiiro t~e), apXHTeKrOp 429 AaTpeMyii (.aoM .ae) 570 Aerpa {MoHceHbop CHMOH), enucKon CyaccoHa 9, 10, 12 AaTYP (npen. OTeU t~'Apepec t~e), opaTopHaHeu 466, 681 Aerpo (IT~>ep), CKYAbmop 433

AAABIITHbiR YKA3ATE.Ah Aea,IOK

(fa6pH<~Ab),

apXHTeKTOP 395 (a66aT A)'H), ceKpenpb apXHeiiHcKona ApAe 461, 481 Ae~aH.llp a.e CeHT-O&m (facnap-<l>paHcya), YM· B 1740 r., HHTeHa.aHT 382, 492 Aeii6HHu (fOTcppHa.·BHAbreAbM), yMep B 1716 r., cpHAococp 521, 580, 592, 735, 741, 767, 777 AeKaMIO (rocnoa.HH), )"'HTehb C'leTa 29 AeKyaHbe (IKaK), npeana.eHT, HOCIIIUHH KpyrAYIO cya.eHCKY!O wanO'lKY 93 Ae..>.oppeH (Po6ep), cKyAhmop 440 AeMepcbe (~). yMep B 1660 r., apxnreKTop 197 AeMeTp (AHTyaH), yMep B 1658 r., OTWehbHHK 239 AeMeTp a.e CacH (A)'H·HcaaK), yMep B 1684 r., 6paT npea,bta,ywero, OTWehb· HHK, nepesoa.'lHK En6AHH 241, 245, 252, 254,591,768 AeMeTp a.e CepHKyp (CHMoH), YM· B 1650 r ., 6paT npeAbta.)'WHX, OTWeAbHHK 239 AeMYaH (<l>paHcya), xya.o~ 230 AeMIO<~ (Ihep), yMep B 1669 r., apxHTeK· TOp 386 AeHo6Ab (9craw), nponaraHa,Hcr 344 AeHOTp (AH.ape), YM· B 1700 r., caa.osoa. 8, 65, 120, 185, 204, 209, 227, 228, 372, 407, 408, 426, 429, 432, 440, 445, 550, 578, 700, Ae~aH.llp

738

AeoHap H3 CeHT-Ka-rpHH (npen. oreu), He3ym 457 AeoHrp (9TbeH), CKYAbnTOP 230, 433, 436 AeonOAbA I, yMep B 1705 r., HMnepaTop 256, 270, 282, 292, 329, 340, 518, 519, 524, 610, 757, 769, 776 Aeonohha., yMep B 1729 r., repuor AOTapmrrcKHH 522,616, 617, 757 Aene....eTbe (ceMeiicrso) 380 Aene....eTbe (KAoa.), yMep B 1711 r., npeso -roprosues {KyneqecKHH crapWHHa), reHepaAbHbtH KOHlpOAep, MHHHClp 396, 440,441,460,585,758,760 Aene....eTE>e a.e Cy3H (MHweAO), yMep B 1725 r., 6paT npeD.bta.yWero, HHTeHa.aHT <l>AaHa.pHH Ba........oHCKoii:, reHepa.hhHb!H a.HpeKTOp cpoPTHcpHKa.UHii 123, 380, 383, 384,441,586,704,706,729,760,761 AenOTp (lliep), cKyAhmop 429 Aeparya (a66aT), HCTOpHK 206 AepK (6apoH), a.aTcKHii a.HIIAoMaT 564 AepKapo (<l>paH'leCKO MapHo), a.o~ reHY· 9·3CKHH 408,409, 774 Aepy (rerywxa), «Bea.bMa» 321

795

Aepya (KarepnHa), nocrasUUtua .IUlOB 321 A~ (Aa.aM Kepe HAH Ko6pe, Haa. IJp 610HCCOH, Ha3. «a66aT»), Mar 317, 321-324 Aerehbe (npen. OTeU MHweAb TeAOe HAH), YM· B 1719 r., He3)'HT, a.yxosHHK KOpoN! 4, 244,249,405,455,460,461,471,484,488, 569, 574, 605, 680, 684, 685, 691~94, 702, 703, 707, 708, 711, 713, 715, 731, 762 Aerehbe, CM. n~e Eap6e3be, KypTaHBo H Aysya. Aere....be (MnweAO), yMep s 1685 r., reHe· paAOHhlii ceKpenpb BoeHHoro seAOMCTBa, MHHHClp, KaHUAep <l>paHUHH 53, 58, 60, 76, 108, 111-115, 120, 123, 126, 257- 261, 263, 284, 287, 352, 370, 440, 441, 478, 481, 483, 720, 726, 731, 737, 741, 758, 759, 767, 772, 774 Aerehbe (lilapAb-Mopnc), yMep B 1710 r ., cbiH npea.b!Aywero, apxnenHcKon Peii:Mca 259, 351-353, 681 Aerehbe a.e Aysya (a.oM) 352, 380, 440, 458,500,548,584,737 AecpepoH (MaprapHTa faiiRp, ~eHa npe3Ha.eHTa /KepoMa I) 321 AHaHKyp (Po~e a.10 llieccn, repuor a.e AapowrniioH, Ha3biBaeMbiH repuor a.e), yMep B 1674 r . 240, 768 AHH!>epH (/Koaecp a.'9nHHe, MapKH3 a.e), yMep B 1693 r., nOAeBOH Mapwa.... 369 AHHbn (Maa.AeHa a.e CeHT-.AHI.ec Ae), a66amca 247 AHoHH (f10r a.e), yMep B 1671 r., MHHHClp n rocya.apcrseHHbiH ceKpeTapb MHHH· crepcrsa HHoc-rpaHHbtX AeA 53, 77, 7981, 102, 108, 112, 114, 120, 123, 126, 127, 234, 249, 251, 252, 267, 279, 284, 288, 396,583,587,758,759 AHcrep (MapTHH), Hawa....ncr 200 Ao3eH (AHTyaH HoHnap a.e KoMOH, repuor a.e), yMep B 1723 r., reHepa....-AeiheHaHT, TaHHO ~eHHACJI npH6AH3HTeAbHO B 1681 r ., Ha crapweii Maa.eMYa3eAb 235, 364,545,549,550,577 AoM6ap (npen. OTeU), ne3ym, nponosea.HHK 457, 458, 765 AoMeHH, CM. EpneHH. AoHrBHAb (a.oM Op..>.eaHCKHii) 589, 590 AonrsHAb (AnpH II OpAeaHcKHii, repuor a.e), yMep B 1663 r., nOToMoK KapAa V n a.e ,li;10HYa, cppoHa.ep 42, 48, 51, 61 AoHrBHAb (AHHa-/KeHeB~>eBa a.e Eyp6oHKoHa.e, repuorHHJI a.e), yMep....a B 1679 r., cynpyra npea.LIA}'IIlero, cppoHa.epKll, nOKpoBHTeA.bHHWl llop-PolWI 56, 58,

796

AA<l>ABHTHhlli YKA3ATEJ\b

61, 67, 127, 245, 248, 255, 313, 395, 473, 769,773 AOKI"BHAb (npen. oreu )KaH-A)'H-lllapAb, a66aT OpAeaHCKHH), )'Mep B 1694 r., cbiH npe.llbt.«ywKX, He3)'HT 589 AoHrBHAb (lllapAb-IlapH OpAeaHCKHH, rpa¢ Jle CeK-IloAb, repuor lle), )'Mep B 1672 r., 6paT npellbl.«ywero 313 AoKI"BHAb (lllapAb-A)'H OpAeaHCKHH, weaaAbe .ae), )'Mep B 1688 r., yaaJCoKeKHbiH cbiH npettbt.«ywero 313 AoHe (HmcoAa tte), )'Mep B 1727 r., llHpeKrop MoHeTKoro .aaopa 631 AopeKUo BeAHKoAeinlbrli (AopeKUo Me.llH'IH, Ka3bmaeMbrli), npasHTeAb <l>AopeaUHH H 3KaMeKHTbrli MeUeKaT 738 Aop:>K (fH-AAh.AOH .ae A10p¢op, repuor tte), MapmaA 296, 302, 501, 503, 530, 763 AOTapmrrcKHe, eM. TaJC:>Ke ApM3HbliK, KapA IV, KapA V AeonOAb/l, llleapi!a, 3Ab6e¢, faa, ApKyp, )Kyaiiea, AeonoAbll,Maiiea, MepKep. AOTapHHrCKHH (.AOM) 470, 541, 590 AOTapHHrcKHii (<l>HAann AOTapHHrCKHHApMaHbliK, HaabmaeMbrli weaaAbe), )'Mep B 1702 r. 218, 422, 443, 634 AoTapaarcKHe (npHHueccbi) 104 Ayaao (lllapAb), JOpHCT 144 AyaHAb (lllapAb-Ooocr tt'AAAoKBHAb, MapKH3 tte), )'Mep B 1731 r., COBeTHHK <l>HAHnna V 377, 618, 620 Ayaya (<l>paHcya-MmneAb AeTehbe, MapKHa tte), YM· B 1691 r., MHHHctp, roc. ceKpe-rapb, aaHHMaJOu.uriiCJI JleAaMII aoeHHoro aettoMCTBa, cynepHHTeK.Il3HT no'IT H no'ITOBbiX CTaHUHH, cynepHHTeK.Il3HT CTpOH· TehbCTBa 4, 7, 123, 125, 126, 128, 130, 152, 153, 155, 156, 166, 168, 179, 204, 217, 235, 257-261, 263, 267, 200, 282, 283, 287, 288, 290, 292, 293, 295, 298, 300, 303, 319, 321, 322, 324, 325, 334-338, 340, 344-346, 352,

AYKa (cBJITOH), eBaHreAHCT 251, 755, 756 AlottOBHK IX (CBJITOH), KOpOAb <l>paHUHH 46-48, 85, 113, 206, 207, 217, 276, 328, 371, 440, 453-458, 514, 525, 572, 623, 624, 702, 729, 732 AlottOBHK XI, KOpOAb <l>p3HUHH 43, 108, 110, 269, 327 AlottOBHK XII, KOpOAb <l>paHUHH 589 AlottOBlll< xm. YM· B 1643 r .• KOpoAb <l>paHUHH 11, 17, 18, 21- 27, 32, 38, 40-42, 59, 61. 62, 71, 74, 78, 108, 111, 114, 126, 153, 184, 195, 198, 205, 206, 226--229, 274-276, 279,285,476,489,490,591,684,696,698, 712,739,740,753,767 AiottoBHK XV, TpeTHH CbiH repuora Eypr)'H.IlCKoro, pottHACJI B 1710 r., repuor AH:>KyiicKHii, 'leTBepTbrli Ao<IJHH B 1712 r., KOpOAb <l>p3HUHH C 1715 no 1774 r. 4, 256, 403, 408, 414, 577, 690, 700, 710, 724, 730, 777 AiottoBHK XVI, KopoAb <l>paH.UHH 14, 151, 401,403,551,577,700,724 Alottp (Mapag-f.AHaaseTa tte), )'MepAa B 1726 r., A1060BHHUa KOpoAJI314 AI<>HH (A)'H·lllapAb tt'AAb6ep, repuor tte), ¢poKAep 414 AI<>HH (lllapAb-<l>HAHnn tt'AAb6ep, repuor lle), )'Mep B 1758 r., MeMYapacr 60 AIOKceM6yprc:KHit (<l>paHcya-AKpa tte MoaMopaHCH-I:>ymHAb, repuor), )'M- B 1695 r., MapmaA <l>paHllHH, npooBaHHbrli «o6oiiuutKOM m6opa IlapH:>KCKOH ooroM<rrepH» 63, 289-292, 297, 298, 302, 304, 320, 322, 364, 413, 422, 500-504, 513, 516, 517, 525, 526, 531, 548, 584, 589-591, 763, 772, 775 AloAAH ()KaJf-J:>antcr), YM· B 1687 r., cynepHHTeKJlaHT H KOMn03HTOp KaMepaoii MY3b1KH 33, 195, 204, 209, 210, 211, 21~ 222, 223, 396,550,583,700,708,771,774 AI<>Tep (MaPTHH), pe<PopMarop 243, 754, 755 Ma6HAboK (ttoM )KaH), )'Mep B 1707 r., 360,362-364,374,37~380.383,384,388:!ipyttHT 6eaettmmmeu 473, 776 390, 398, 399, 407, 412, 413, 420, 429, 440, MarttaAHHa, CM. MapHH-Mar/laAHHa. 442, 477, 47~ 483, 495, 497, 500, 501, 524, MaroK tte AaAaHA, HeroUHaHT B CeK-MaAo 530,539,548,550,554,556,569,577,580, 659 582, 583, 585--587, 627, 728, 731, 737, 738, MaroHTbe llJO KAope (Ilbep). KamtTaH 372 7~760, 771, 773,774 MaroHTbe ttJO KAope ()KaH), nAeMJIHHHK npellbl.«ywero, AeHTeHaHT 372 A)'Haa tte MapHiil!K (caflTa11), )'MepAa B MaroHTbe tte Aa6opttepa (Ib.ep), 6paT 1660 r., TpyttHAacb BMecre c BeKcaHOM npettbl.«ywero, npanopmmc 372 lle IloAeM 103, 769 A)'H-Mapa f pHHbOH tte Moa¢op (CBJIMaroHTbe tte AaKoM6 (Hp~>eKc lle), 6paT npettbt.«ywero, KanHTaH, noAyqKBIIlHH roii), YM· B 1716 r., HapoJlHbrli nponoaeaHHK, OCHOBaTeAb KOm-peramrli 584, 606 JlBOpJIKCTBO 372 MaroHTbe tte Ao6aHH (<l>paHcya). 6paT A)'H4>HAmm L KOpoAb ¢paHUy30B 415,426

AAABIITHbiR YKA3ATEAh

llpe.llbi.!IyulHX, KanHTaH, nOA)"'HBuntH .liBOpliHCTBO 372 Ma.nafum (iKaH-Eamcr .ne), MopaAHcr 562 Ma.naM (feHpuena-Amta, nepaall cynpyra <l>HMmna I, repuora OpAeaHcKoro, Ha3biBaeMaJ1), CM. feHpHena AHrAHHCKaJI. Ma.llaM TicpaAbUCKaJI (E.-\H3allera-lllapAOITa Eaaapo<aJ~. BTOpM cynpyra roro :lKe HAHrma I, Haab!BaeMru~) 5, 137, 185, 225, 227, 312, 343, 366, 407, 410, 413, 419, 422, 423,441,442,445,448,449,453,454,468470, 484, 528, 545, 546, 548, 549, 552, 558, 563, 568, 572-575, 578, 603, 607, 628, 638, 644,646,673,683,687,690,697,700,703, 705, 713, 755, 771 Ma.neM)'a3eAH, .liO'Iepu racroHa OpAeaHCKOfO 105 Ma.neM)'a3ehb (AH:Ha-MapHli·Ayuaa OpAeaHCKaJI, repuomHII .ne MoH!laHa.e, HaaNaaeMaJI crapweii), )'MepAa a 1693 r., .no'IL facroHa 0pAeaHCKOfO, .liBOIOpO.liHaJI CeCT· pa Aio.noaHKa XIV, TaiiHo 6pat<OCO'IeTaBWaJICll c repuoroM .ne Ao3eHOM 50, 5557, 61, 62, 88, 96, 97, 104, 183, 305, 410, 441, 576, 591, 775 Maaapmm (,lVKyAHo, Kap.IUIHaA), )'Mep a 1661 r., fAaBHblH MHHHcrp, Kpecmbrii OTeU Aio.noaHKa XIV 10, 22, 25-33, 36, 38, 39, 41-47, 49-54, 56-59, 61-64, 67, 69-73, 75-79, 81, 82, 84, 87, 00-95, 97-109, 111, 114-118, 126, 131, 140, 152, 154, 155, 162, 181, 193, 199, 215, 224, 232, 236, 239-241, 244, 257, 273, 275, 278, 279, 287, 362, 378, 379, 386, 394, 403, 441, 459, 482, 538, 548, 550,558,561,673,696,735,767-769 MaaapHHH (lllapAI>·ApMaH .ne AanopT, MapKH3 .ne AaMeiipe, repuor), )'Mep a 1713 r., Il.AeMJIHHHK npe.nbl.llywero, ry6epHaTOp AAbaaca 336 Ma3eAb (A6paaM), rAaBa KaMH3apoB 6n, 776 Maiie-Epe3e (ApMaH .ne), YM· B 1646 r., repuor .ne <l>poHCaK, cynepHHreH.llaHT HaBHJ'aUHH 39,81 Maiiop.noMJ>I 55 MaKHaaeAAH {Hm<KoAo), noAHTH'!eCKHH nHcaTeAJ> 47, 328 Mat<KaBeH (6pan.ll), Ha'laAJ>HHKH B H3paHAe 329, 678 MaKCHMHAHaH I, )'Mep B 1651 r., EaaapCKHH ~<ypcp10pcr 77-79, 757 Mat<cHMHAHaH n 9MMaH)'HA, YM· B 1726 r., BH}'K npe.nN.nymero, EaaapCI<HH Kypcp!Opcr, He.noAroBe'lllbiH npaaHTeAJ> 'lacTH HH.llepAaH.llOB 336, 448, 495, 499, 500,

797

528,609,610,622,649,662,668,757 (.noM) 459 MaAep6 (<l>paHcya .ne), non 204 MaAb6opo (,lVI<oH \{ep'IHAAI>, repuor), YM· B 1722 r., rAaBHOKOMaH.ll. 6pHTaHCKOH apMHeii 330, 507, 618, 622, 625, 627, 635, 639,641-644,647,649,662,663,673,711 MaAb6opo (Cappa, repuornHll), cynpyra npe.nl>l.llywero, .noaepeHHoe AHUO KopoAeBN Amtl>1 662 MaAb6paHw (npen. OTeu Hm<oAa .ne), )'Mep B 1715 r., oparopuaHeu, cpHAococp 463, 466,473,592,767 MaHHypH (Tibep), CBllllleHHHK 718 Maucap (<l>paHcya), )'Mep a 1666 r., apxureKTOp 201, 397, 399, 407, 427, 429, 431, 432, 437-439, 445, 550, 561, 564, 578, 584, 738 Maucap, CM. TaK:lKe Ap.nysH-MaHcap. MaH1)'aHCKHH (<l>ep.nHHaH.ll-KapA IV foHaara, repuor), )'Mep B 1708 r. 338 MaH'IHHH, eM. TaKl!Ce EyiioH, KoAoHHa, Heaep, CyaccoH. MaH'IHHH(ceMeiiCTBo) 98,99,322 MliH'IHHH (HepoHHMa), ypol!C.lleHHaJI MaaapHHH, YM· B 1656 r., cecrpa Kap.IUIHaAa 88 MaH'IHHH (MapWI, cynpyra KOHHeTa6NI KoAoHHa), .liO'll> npe.llbi.!Iymeii; BAI06AeHHaJI s Alo.noaHKa XIV 87-89, 98100,322,768,769 MliH'IHHH (OAHMnHll), cecrpa npe.nbl.llyweii, CM. CyaccoH (rpacpHW!.ne). MaH'IHHH (TiaoAo), )'Mep B 1652 r., 6paT 11pe.llbi.!IytnHX 71 MaH'IHHH (<l>HAHnn), 6paT npe.«hh.llytnHX, CM. Heaep (repuor .ne). Mam.u {P;oMHHHK).-)'M. a 1730 r., TaHUop 212 MaprapHTa Eyp~ {CBliTaJI), ocHoBaT-ua KOmperauHH Cecrep EoroMarepu 584 MaprapHTa OT CsliTI>lx ,l(apos (MaprapHTa Tiapuro, B MOHaweCTBe), KapMeAHTKa 17 MaprapHTa-MapHli-A.Aat<oK (caliTall), )'MepAa B 1690 r., peBHOCTHO nOKAOHliBWaJICll cep.nuy Xpucrosy HAH CaliTOM)' Cep.nuy 320,462,754,772,774 MaprapHTa-Tepe3Hll AscrpHiiCKaJI, cynpyra HMI'Ieparopa AeonoA~>.~~a I 278, 610 Mape (MapeH), BHOAHCT 708 MapeH (,l(eHH), HHTeH.llaHT cpHHaHCOB 124, 761 MapewaAJ> (JKop:lK), )'Mep B 1736 r., nepBNH XRpypr 372, 645, 646, 687, 706 MapHBO (Tibep KapAe .ne lllaM6AeH .ne), nHCaTeAJ. 211

MaAea~>e

798

AA<t>ABIITHblH YKA3ATEJ\b

Map11err (a66a:r ctlpaHcya), a<OMJIPOMernp<>aasu.nrii ce6JI o tteAe o Max 321, 324, 325 MapmiliK, eM. TaKlKe A)'Haa tte Maplriilll< (CBJ!Tall). Maplriilll< (M11wo tte), YMep B 1632 r., xpaHJITeAb ne"'aTeit 159 MapHHJII< (PeHe tte), YM· B 1719 r., npaBH)'K npettbttt., HJITeHttaHT B TiyaTbe, rtte npoBOttHT onepauHH, Haa. «ttparoHattaMH», rocyttapCTBeHHbiH COBeTHHI< 382, 478 MapHOH (MapceAb), HCTOpHK 754 MapHOTT (3ttM}, <PH3HK 195, 772 MapHll (TipecBJ!Tall EoropottHua), MaTb XpHcra 15, 16, 71, 243, 320, 419, 461, 462, 732, 767 MapHll II CTtOapT, }'MepAa B 1694 r ., ttO"'b RKOBa 11, cynpyra BHAbi"eAbMa m, J<()poAeBa AHrAHH 300, 496, 498, 509, 529, 772,774 MapHll tte BaAAe, MOHawJ<a 462 MapHll MettH"'H, KopoAeoa <l>paHUHH 23, 73, 183, 767 MapHli·AHHa ABcrplriicJ<aR, YM· B 1696 r., Bttooa <l>HAHnna IV H pereHTWa HcnaHHH 278, 279, 292, 770 MapHl!-AHHa-XpHcrnHa-BHKTOpHll Easapa<aJI, YMepAa B 1690 r., MattaM .l\o<PHHa (cynpyra MoHCeHbOpa) 335, 338, 420, 427, 436,441,443, 444,471,528,555,773,774 MapHli·AHTyaHerra ABcrplriicJ<aR, cynpyra MaKcHMHAHaHa li 3MMaH)'HAa EasapCJ<oro 610 MapHII·MarttaAHHa, 3HaMeHHTall pacJ<aJIBWaJICJI rpeurHHua 315, 317, 732 MapHl!-TepeaHJI ABcrpHiia<aJI, }'MepAa B 1683 r., KopoAeBa ctlpaHUHH, cynpyra AtottOBHKa XIV 4, 99-101, 103, 104, 198, 209, 211, 221, 225, 227, 229, 230, 268, 278, 280, 281, 308, 338, 419, 427, 436, 450, 468, 471, 610, 769, 773 MapHl!-TepeaHll ctlpaHUyacJ<aJI, 16671672 rr., ttO"'b npettweCTByroureit 226 MapHli·Tepe3Hll ABcrplriicl<all, YMepAa B 1780 r., tto"'b KapAa VI, HMIIepaTpHUa 143 Map!< ABpeAirii, pHMCKHii HMnepaTop 11 <PHAoco<P 138, 579 MapKa (lliep tte), YMep B 1662 r ., apxH· enHCKon 139, 242, 243, 246, 482, 762 MapKerr (npen. OTeu )KaK), HCCAettoBa· TeAb 349 MapKHaH, BOCTO"'Hbtii HMnepaTop 484 Mapo ()KaH), apxJITeKTOp 201, 203,396 MapceAb (STbeH), ~<yne"'ea<lrii crapWHHa 64 MapceH (CI>epttHHaHtt, rpa<P tte), MapwaA

374,624-626,756,763,776 MapcH (6paTbll), CJ<YAbnTOpbl 432, 436 MapcHiiJII<, eM. Aapow<PYJ<o. MapueAA (KAaottHii), npornBHHK Ueaap11 523 MacKapoH (npen. OTeU )KJOAb), }'Mep B 1703 r., oparopHaHeu, nponooettHHK, npeAaT 450-453, 455, 463, 764, 765 MacclriioH (npen. OTeU )KaH-EaTHcr), YMep B 1742 r., opaTopHaHeu, nponoaettHHK, npeAaT 450, 463, 765 MaccoH (<l>pettepHK), HCTOpHK 633, 669 MaTeAb (ttocro"'THMaJI )KaHHa Illeaap tte), OCHOBaTeAbHHUa KOHrperauHH BonAoureHHoro CAoBa 17 MaTTHOAH {3pKoAe, rpa<P), }'Mep B 1703 r ., ceKpeTHblii areHT 4, 338 Mauro (AYH·lllapAb .lie), }'Mep B 1750 r., HHTeHttaHT I<OMMepUHH 762 Mauro .li'ApHYBHAb ()KaH-EaTHCT tte), CbiH npettbl.ll)'lUero, MHHHCTp H reHepaAbHbiH KOHTpOAep so opeMeHa A!OttoBHKa XV 724 Mawo-EeAbMOH (rocnottHH tte), KOMaHttHp Kopa6AR 510 MettasH ()KaK·AeoHop PyxceAb tte fpaHce, rpa<P .lie), }'Mep B 1725 r ., MapwaA 375 MettH"'H (,l\lKoaaHHH), KOHttOTbep 20 MettH"'H (ttoM) 20 Me.liH"'H, eM. TaKlKe EKaTepHHa MettH"'H, AopeHuo BeAHKoAe!IHbrii, Mapnll MettH"'H. Meape; CM. a.~~. Mea&ep (3lKe&MapHll .~:~e DeTH3H, Map1<H3 ~:~e), YM· B 1721 r., reHepaA-AeHTeHaHT 359 Meitep ()KaH), ncropHK 7 MeAaHH (ATTO), KacrpaT 33 MeAAo (.!10M <l>paH"'ecJ<o ~:~e), reHepaA HCnaHCI<HH 25 MeM ()KaH·AHTyaH ~:~e), }'Mep B 1723 r., nepoblii npeaHtteHT 667, 697 MeM, CM. TaKlKe ABo. MeH (A)'H-Onocr Eyp6oHCJ<Irii, He3al<oHHbrii cbm ~<opoAR AJO.~:~osHKa XIV H MattaM .lie MoHTeCnaH, repuor .li!O), YMep a 1736 r., Y3aJ<OHeHHbrH npHHU, 6oAbWOH 3HaTOI< apTHAAepHiia<oro .!leAa 312, 313, 326, 423, 526, 568-570, 589, 590, 695, 697, 698, 707, 709,711,713,771,772,777 MeH (AHHa·A)'H3a-EeHe.!IHKTa Eyp6oHKoHtte, repuoi"HHll .!110), YM· B 1753 r., cynpyra npettbl.!lyurero 312, 589 MeH .~:~e <t>ep (AHpH .lie ToHTH, Ha3btBaeMbrit), HCCAe.!IOBaTeAb 350 MeHecrpHe (npen. OTeU KAot~·<l>paHcya),

AA<t>ABIITHhiW YKA3ATEAb

)'Mep B 1705 r., He3)'HT, cneUHaAHcr s o6AacrH repaJ\b.liKKH 555, 764 MemeHoH (Ma.llaM TIOAb .11e CKappoH, ypo~ .lleHIWI ¢paH<:ya3<l .11'06mn,e, MapiGOa .11e), YM· B 1719 r., -raiiHall cynpyra Alo.liOBHKa XIV 4, 30, 64, '01, 309, 312-314, 316, 317, 326, 405, 423, 443, 444, 446, 447, 468--471, 483, 522, 532-538, 545, 549, 551, 555, 559, 566-571, 573-576, 581, 595, 6Q3..-605, 612, 616, 620, 623, 639, 640, 646, 657, 67~75, 600-683, 688, 689, 691, 693, 695, 700, 703707,709-711,713-715,773,778 Mem,llp .11e Eepm,ep (lllapAb-&n.eH .11e), HHTeHAaHT 379 Mepe (Am-yaH foM6o, wesaJ\be .11e), )'Mep B 1690 r., pa3pa6oT3.J\ Teopmo o «6AarOBOCllHTaHHOM 'leJ\OBeKe» 59, 60, 215,218,558,772 MepeHBHAb (¢paHcya ,11e Moan.e, rpacp .11e), )'Mep s 1672 r., reHepaA·AeHTeHaHT 363 MepeHBHAb (MaprapHTa ,11e Aa~JO~H, rpacpHHJI .11e), ~eaa npe.llbl.llytUero 363 MepceHH (OTeu Mapea), }'Mep s 1645 r., )"'em,n{ 194 Mepca (¢paHU, 6apoa cpoa), }'Mep B 1645 r., cpeAb.liMapwaA 76 MepcH (KMB.liHH4>AopHMoH, rpacp .11e), )'Mep B 1734 r., BH}'K npe.llbl.llywero, cpeAb,!IMapwaA 375, 639 Mea.e (c:t>Hhmm, repuor AIDKyHCKHii, 3aTeM (1660 r.) repuor OpAeaHCKHii, 6paT AJ.o. .liOBHKa XIV, aa3bmaeMblii no &roM)' TH'I)'Ay), )'Mep s 1701 r. 10, 12, 23, 25, 26, 30, 42, 48, 54, 71, 86, 214, 218, 220, 225, 260, 270, 285, 289, 298, 300, 301, 303, 305, 393, 399, 407, 410, 421, 422, 441, 491, 525, 528, 552, 564, 568, 575, 577, 583, 609, 611, 613, 633,635,753,767,771,772,775 Mea.e, CM. TaJOKe OpAeaHCKHii (facroa). Me-rysH (c3p ~~oa), )'Mep B 1706 r., 6pH· TaHCKHH .liHnJ\OMaT 623, 776 MeueHaT, pHMcKHii sca.~~HKK, .11pyr HMneparopa ABrycn, noKpoBHTeAbCTBOBaB· WHii AHTepa-rype a HCKYCCTBaM 112, 155, 179, 188, 189, 192 MHAaKyc, aHTH'lHblii op~eiiwm< 433 MHJ\J\e, K)"'ep 210 MHHbe (Or10cr), HcropHK 277 MHHbllp {Tibep), }'Mep s 1695 r., xy.llo~am< 230,428,439,573 MapoMeHHJ\b (ceMeiiCTBo f10 .lie) 382 MHpOMeHHJ\b (f10, MapKH3 ,11e) 367 MHpoMeHHAb (f10, wesaAbe .11e), 6paT npe.llbl,llytUero, UOJ\KOBHHK 367

799

MHmAe ()i(IQAb), HCTOpm< 5, 489, 556, 593, 670, 717 Mo.lleHcKaJI (MapHll .11e), cynpyra RKosa II, KopoAesa AHTAHH 497, 533, 616 Mo.lleHcKHii (l'mlaAb.liO .ll'9cre, repuor), }'Mep s 1737 r., Kap.liHHaA 624 MoMceii, npopoK H 3aKOHO.llaTeAb 678 MoAe (ceMeiiCTBo) 357 MoAe (MaTbe), )'Mep B 1656 r., xpaHHTeAb ne'laTeii 19, 50, 53, 56, 58, 92, 703 MoAe (AYH·MapH, wesaAbe .lie), )'Mep B 1720 r., UOJ\KOBHKK 357 MoAHHa (npen. OTeU AYHc), YM· B 1600 r., He3)'HT, TeOAOr·Ka3YHCT 69, 240, 241, 683 MoAHHoc (MHreAb .11e), }'Mep B 1696 r .. TeOJ\Or, paccy~.llaBWHH 0 «'lHcrOif J\106BH" 603,607 MoAbep ()l(aH-Iiamcr TioKAeH, Ha3bJBaeMbiii), )'Mep B 1673 r., asrop .llpaM, KoMe.liHii, .llpyr KopoNI AIO.liOBm<a XIV 96, 119, 136, 182, 189, 204, 208, 211, 213, 218-220, 222, 223, 256, 390, 448, 550, 560,567,707,769-771 MoaaKo (AYH fpHMaAb.liH, repuor ,11e BaAeanmya, npHHU .11e), YM· B 1701 r., nocoA 314 Moa6a3oH (MapHll .11'ABoryp EperoacKaJI, repuorHHJI .11e), )'MepAa B 1657 r. 460 MoHKAap ()l(oaecp .lie Tioa .11e fHMepa, 6apoa .11e); )'Mep B 1690 r., KOMaH.ll)'lOwHii B 9Abaace 335 MoHMopaHCH (.!10M .11e) 322, 589 MoHMopaHcH-IiyTBHAb (¢paHcya III .11e MoHMopaaCH, aaabmaeMbiH rpacp .lie), )'Mep B 1627 r., .liYSNIHT 60 MoHMopaHCH·IiyTBHAb, eM. TaK~e AIOKceM6yprCKHii. MoHMyT (~~eiiMc CKOTT, repuor), )'Mep B 1685 r., 3arQBOpWHK 496 Moac (Eepaap) 718 MoMceHbOp (Aio.liOBHK ¢paJilly3CKHii, BeAHKHii ~ocpHH, Ha3bmae'>1btii), )'Mep B 1711 r., CbiH Alo.liOBm<a XIV 123, 135-137, 162, 204, 223, 225, 226, 237, 256, 260, 267, 280, 307, 311, 312, 325, 338, 354, 358, 373, 377, 393, 397, 407, 409, 414, 420, 422, 423, 427, 428,441,446,458,465,469,470,501,516, 526, 527, 531, 536, 538, 544, 554, 555, 568, 575,577,579,585,599,610-613,623,650, 656.66~686-689. 695,753,769,771,773, 774,777 MoHTaJ\b (lllapAb .11e MoHTa30AbHeH, rpacp .11e), )'Mep B 1698 r., reHepaA· AeHTeHaHT 292 MoHTeKYKKOAH (PaiiMOHAO, npHHU), )'Mep

800

AA<J>ABl1THbiH YKA3ATEAb

1680 r., <}JeAht~MapwaA 256, 276, 292, 294,295,500,770 MOHTeHb (MmneAb. ceHbOp t~e), MopaAHcr 31 MoHTepAaH (AHpH MHAAoH t~e), nHcaTeAb 413 MoHTeCKbe (lllapAb t~e CeKoH.l{a, npe3H.lle1IT t~e), nHCaTeAb 149, 216, 274, 547, 699 MoKreCKbiO (lliep t~e), yMep B 1725 r ., MapwaA 642, 644, 662, 665, 666, 763 MoHTecnaH (A)'H-AHpH t~e llapt~arurn t~e foH.llpeH, MapKH3 t~e), yMep B 1702 r . 310, 311, 313, 314 MoHTeCnaH (<l>paHcyasa (ATeHaHc) t~e Powewyap-Mop,-eMap), MapKHsa, yMepAa s 1707 r., cynpyra npe.llbutyiUero, $ulopKrKa Alot~OBHKa XIV 222,230,250,280,281, 289,309-316,318,322-326,432,437,439, 441,444,468,471,559,567,573,574,590, 697,770,773 MoKr03be (lllapAb t~e CeKr-Mop, repuor t~e), yMep B 1690 r., rysepHep MoHceHbopa 136, 137, 219, 364, 374, 548, 577 MoHT03be ()i(]oAH t~'AloKeH, repuornHJI t~e), YM· s 1671 r., cynpyra npe.llbutyiUero 135 MmrrpeseAb (liHKoAa-Onocr t~e Aa6oM, MapKH3 t~e), yMep B 1716 r., MapwaA 494,524,624,677,678,763 Mony (PeHe II t~e), npe3H.lle!IT 233 Mop (npen. OTeU), oparopHaHeu, nponoBe.IUIHK 450, 765 MopeR ()f(aH-Eamcr), acrpoHoM 19 MopHe (ceMeHCTBO t~e) 541 Mop-reMap (AYH t~e Powewyap, repuor t~e), yMep B 1688 r., KOM3H.!IYIOuurii raAepaMH 754 MopTeMap (MapiD!-AHHa KoAb6ep, repuorHHll t~e), cynpyra npeAblllymero 310, 604, 754 MOTieBHAb (paHcya3a AaHrAya, .llaMa t~e), MeMYapHcrKa 37,712 MyaH (MapH.R·KpHcrHHa) 755 MyAaii-McMaHA, cyATaH MapoKKO 348,408 M~ (PoAaH), HCTOpHK 7 Myp (nacrop Ca.MI09Ab), HCTOpHK, nHcasWHH o npOTeCTaHTH3Me 755 M;~x9H (MMHpaA AAh<Ppet~ T::~iiep), HCTOPHK <PAOTa 287,509, 657 Hasaii (llbep-A)'H t~e MoKro-EeHaK, repuor t~e), yMep B 1684 r., MapwaA 293 Hasyxot~oHocop II, uapb BasRAOHHH 328, 529,530,677 Hamt<H (A)'H-ApMaH t~e EpHwaro, MapKH3 t~e), yMep B 1742 r., MapwaA 648 HaHJ'CKa.R (A)'H3a4>paHcyaaa Eyp6o11, Ha9biB

saeMa.R M3.!1eMYa3eAb), ysaKoHeHHa.R .!IO'ib Alot~OBHKa XIV, CM. Eyp6oH (repuornHJI). HanoAeoH I, HMneparop q,paHUY30B 20, 158, 181, 232, 295, 490, 566, 719 HaccaycKHH (.!10M) 270, 297 HaTaH, npopoK 453, 457 Ha'M'be ()f(aH-MapK), xyt~OlKHHK 565 Hesep (<l>HAHnno MaH'I]{HH, repuor t~e), YM· B 1707 r., nAeM.RHHHK Ma3apHHH 104 Heii6yprcKHH (repuor) 101, 293 Heii6yprcKHii, CM. TaKlKe <l>HAHnnBHAbreAhM. HeAbCOH (fopaUHo, BHKOIIT), YM· B 1805 r., a.l{MHpaA 657 HeMOH (AHt~pe, MapKH3 t~e) yMep B 1702 r., reHepaA-AeHTeHa!IT BoeHHO· MopcKoro <PAoTa 506, 509, 513 HeMyp (feHpHx CasoiicKHii, repuor t~e), yMep s 1659 r. 52, 56 HeMyp (MapH.R OpAeaHCKa.R-AoHrBHAh, repuornH.R t~e), yMepAa B 1707 r., cynpyra npe.llbl.liYJUero, MeMyapHcrKa 60, 233 HepsaAb ()f(epap Aa6piOHH, Ha3b!BaeMbiH )f(epap t~e), no9T 400 HepoH, pHMcKHii HMneparop 433,756 liHKoAb (ilbep), yMep B 1695 r., MOpaAHCT 205,248,253-255,582,591,592 HoaiiH (t~oM) 311 Hoaii (AHH, repuor t~e), yMep B 1678 r., reHepaA-AeiiTeHaKr 210, 680 Hoaii (6aAbH )f(aK t~e), yMep B 1712 r., CbiH npet~J>W.ymero, reHepaA-AeHTeHaKr raAepHoro <PAOTa 513 Hoaii (A)'H-AHTyaH, Kap.liHHaA t~e), yMep B 1729 r ., 6paT npe.llbl.llymero, apXHenHcKon llapHlKa 458, 459, 466, 519, 567, 570, 605, 626, 669, 600-683, 685, 691693, 709, 762, 775 Hoaii (AHH-)I(]oAh, repuor t~e), yMep B 1708 r., 6paT npet~bl.llytnHX, MapwaA 516,517,531,612,614,624,639,775 Hoaii (MapH.R-<l>paHcya3a t~e EypHOHBHAb, cynpyra MapwaAa), yMepAa s 1748 r., cynpyra npet~bl.llytnero 570 Hoaii (A.llpHeH-MopHc, repuor t~e), yMep B 1766 r., CbiH npet~bl.llywHX, HcnaHcKHH rp3Ht1, 6yt~ytnHH MapwaA II MHHHcrp 639,656,709 Hot~w (lllapAb), nHCaTeAb 205 HyapMYThe (A)'H II t~e AarpeMYii, repuor t~e), <PpoH.llep 60 HysHTeAb (A)'H EewaMeii t~e), yMep B 1718 r., rocyt~apCTBeHHblii coBeTIIHK 461 06HHbe (ArpHnna t~'), no9T 312, 314

A.M>ABJITHhii{ YKA3ATEAb

0611Hbe (<l>paHcya .a'), BH)'K npe.abuxywero, Kasa;.ep op.aeHa CsJITOro ~yxa 468 06HHbe (<t>paHcyasa .a'), cecrpa npe,abt.aymero, CM. MeHTeHoH {MapKHsa .a'). 0611HbJrK (<l>paHcya 9.aeAeH, a66aT .a') 602 OsepHb .ae Ce11-Mapc (EeHHHb .a'), Myun<erep 235 O,aii:>KO (EepHap .a'), .asopl!HHH, r Aasa 6aJ:ux 237,238 0KeHKYP {.aoM .ae MoHutll .a') 359, 540 0KeHKyp (IllapAb .ae MoHWH .a'), YMep B 1658 r., Mapwa;, 81, 359 0KeHKyp (iKaH-iKop:>K .ae MoHWH, MapK113 .a'), YMep B 1692 r .• BH)'K npe.abt.aymero, nOAKOBHIIK 358 OKeHKyp (AYH-AeoHop .ae MoHWII, MapKHs 11 a66aT .a'), YMep B _1705 r., 6paT npe.abt.aymero 358 OAHBapec (facnap, rpaqrrepuor), YMep B 1645 r., IICnaHcKJrii MHHHCTp 75 OAbe (.aocro'ITHMbii'i iKaH-iKaK), YMep s 1657 r., OCHOBaTeAb teMHHapHH CeHCIOAbiiHC 17, 459 OMoH (AHTyau, MapKHs .ae BHAbKbe, repuor .a'), YM· s 1669 r., MaputaA 200, 281, 762 OpaHcKHii (BHAbreAhM, npHHu), BHAbreAbM ill. OpaHCKHii (HoraHH-BHAbreAbM4>pHSo, npHHU), YMep B 1711 r., cratxay.aep 642 OpaHcKHii, CM. TaKJKe HaccaycKHH. OpAeaHcKm'i (.aoM) 695 OpAeaHcKHii (KapA), npHHU H no3T 20 Op.11.eaHCKHii (facroH, Ha3bmaeMb!H «Meche», repuor), YMep B 1660 r., 6par AJo.aoBHKa XDl 26, 27, 48, 51-58, 61, 62, 104,305,338,545,561,753,769 OpAeaHCKaSI (Maprapwra AOTapHHrCKaJI, repuoi'HHJI), YMepAa B 1672 r., cynpyra npe.abt.ayutero 233 OpAeaHCKm'i (HAmm I, repuor), CM. MeChe. OpAeaHCKaSI (Maplllt-A~). YM· B 1689 r., «MAa.!!UiaSI Ma.aeM}'li3Ml»>, cynpyra Kopo.ll.ll I--lcnaHHH KapAa n 227' 574 OpAeaHCKHii (<l>HAmm ll, repuor lllap-rpCKHI'i, saTeM repuor OpAeaHCKHii), cso.aHbtH 6paT npe.ltbl.!lyuteii, BH)'K KOpo.II.SI Alo.aosHKa XN, 6y.aymHii pereHT 312, 404,408,409,421,526,570,589,626,627, 666, 690, 698, 707, 709-711, 713, 715, 724, 774, 777, 700 Op.11.eaHCKaS1 (<l>paHcyasa-MapHS! Eyp6oHCKaJI, Ma.aeM)'ll34W> .ae EAya n, repuomHll}, YM· B 1749 r., cynpyra npe.abi.ayutero

801

312,408,445,57~,589. 774 OpAeaHcKHc, c.VI. nuot<e lliaPTPcKHii, AoHrBHAb, Ma.aeMYase..\h, Ma.aeMY33e.II.H0pMeccoH (OAHB~>e Ae¢esp .a'), YM· B 1686 r .• .aoKAa.t'IHK Ha npouecce <t>yKe 235 OpMeccoH (AHpH4>paHcya I Ae<Pesp .a'), YMep s 1756 r., .aoKAM'IHK B rocy.aapCTBeHHOM COBeTe 461 OppH (iKaH), YMep B 1719 r., <PpaHuysCKIIH MHHIICTp <tlHAHnna V 620, 724 Opp11 (<l>HAH6ep), CbtH npe,abt.ayiUero, MHHHcrp Alo.aosHKa XV 724 OpcH6aAb (:>KaH), HCTOpHK 755 Ocr (npen. OTeu IToAb), Kopa6AecTpOHTeAb 265 OToH (MapK CaAbBHH Oro11), pHMCKHii HMneparop 107 ITa ,ae <PeKbep {WeBaAbe at>), KanHTaH KOpa6All 631 llaseA (CBJ!TOH), anOCTOA 10, 144, 242, 243, 490 llas11iioH (HHKoAa), YM· B 1677 r., enHcKon AAe 241, 249, 351, 459, 473, 583, 772 n ap.aaiiliH, CM. TaKJKe Am-eH II MoHTeCnaH. llap,aaJbnn,t (.llOM) 310 llap.ao (.aOH <l>paHCHCKO Ae), HCnaHCKJrii reHepa;, 302 ITaPTif'leAAH .a'9Mep11 (MHmeAb), YMep s 1650 r., cynepHHTeH.aaHT <PHHaHCOB 4446, 767 ITaCKaAb (EAes), YMep s 1662 r., )"ieHbtii, <PHAoco<P, nOAeMHCT H anOAOreT 3, 63, 94, 240, 243, 244, 253, 254, 307, 460, 467, 565, 592, 753, 754, 767- 769, 771 llacKaAb (:>KaKAmla), YM· s 1661 r., cecrpa npe.abUiyutero, MOHamKa 242, 754 llaTeH (.llOKTOp fH), .11.106HTeAb SIIHCTOAS!pHOro JKaHpa 49, 50 llay.II.IOC (<l>pH.apHX oH), <PeAb.aMapwa;, 661 ITem (lllapAb), n~~caTeAb 597 ne.apy n, YMep B 1706 r., KopoAb noPTYra.II.HH 101, 617, 758, 776 lle.11.amH, rAasa CeKTbi epeTHKOB 240, 591 lleA.II.HccoH (IToAb), YMep s 1693 r., HCTop11orpa<P 93, 118, 137, 184, 364, 390, 477,487,544,550,559,579,772 lle.II.Ao (I<Ao.a), HHTeH.aaHT 238 lle.11.0 (npen. OTeU), opaTOpHaHeU 464 lleHHOTbe {llbep-AYif .ae Peiiw .ae), YMep B 1711 r., <PHHaHCHCT 319 ITepe<PHKc (Ap.ays11 .ae), YMep s 1671 r., a66aT EoMOHCKHH, enHcKon Po.aesa, socnHTaTeAb Alo.aosHKa XN, apxHenH-

802

AA<J>ABlffHbiH YKA3ATFJ\b

CKOO flapH:~Ka 29- 32, 63, 70, 139, 243, floMpe (0rJOCT-Po6ep ae), }'Mep s 246-248,250,252,482, 762 1702 r., HHTeH.llafiT, rocy.llapcrseHHhlii COBeTIIHK 148, 381, 761 flepHHbH (npeaH.aeFIT ae), }'Mep B 1670 r., eocnFITaTeAh MoHceHbopa 136, floH (a66aT, .lle) 602 137, 208,209,544,550,559, 579 floFITe {Mecbe Ae) 661 fleppo (lllapAL), YM· B 1703 r., nHcaTeAL, floHwaplpeH (AYH4>eAHno, rpacp ae), YM· reHepaAhHblH KOKfJ>OAep C!pOI!TeAbCTBa, B 1727 r., reHepaAbHbiH KOHTPOAep, MHrAaBa napnm CoepeMeHHbtx aeropoe 23, HHC!p H rocy.llapcrseHHbiH ceKpeTapb, 33, 124, 185, 187, 189--191, 194, 197, 204, KaHUAep <l>paHUHH 121-123, 126, 156, 162, 193, 262, 265, 267, 362, 363, 506205,431,592,601,602,774-776 fleppo (KAoa), }'Mep B 1688 r., 6paT 508, 511, 513-515, 549, 567, 569, 584587, 594, 596, 598, 600, 604, 613, 621, npe.llbi.llymero, )"'eHbiH H apxHTeKTop 195,198,203,204,393,394,433,774 650, 652, 657, 660, 667, 6~2. 693-695, flepy.ll:~KHHO (llie-rpo BaHH)"''IH, Haablsae697, 704, 705, 758-761 MblH), xy.liO:IKHHK 565 floHmap1peH ()KepoM <l>eAHno, rpacp .ae), fle-rp (CBIITOH), anOCTOA 251, 352, 353 }'Mep s 1747 r., CbiH npe.llbl.llyUiero, rocyfle-rp I BeAHKHH, uapb 143, 330, 378, 758, .llapcreeHHbm ceKpenpb MopCKoro cj>Ao777 Ta 126, 153, 193, 262, 265, 267, 362, 514, fleTTeK)'M (roCOOJIHH), HeOcpHUHaAhHbliA 567, 569, 586, 587, 631, 657-660, 670, 715, nocpeaHm<: 633, 648, 649 720-722, 728, 731, 759 fiHaoH {KaAhnypHHii), pHMCKmi ueaapb 107 floHwaro (Ce6aCTbeH-)Koaecp JIJO KaM6y, fiHAb (PolKe .lle), }'Mep B 1709 r., xyaolK· a66aT .lle), )'Mep B 1690 r. 474 HHK 564 flopToKappepo (AYHc Maey~Ab <l>epHaHfiHMaHTeAb .lle 8ppepa H l<HHoHec (aoH .llec .lle), }'Mep B 1709 r., KapaHHaA 611 AHToHHO AAoHco), rpacp EaHaeeHTe, IToCAbi KopoN! CHaMa 409, 774 ,liHOAOMaT 99 floCAbl MapoKKO 408, 409 IlHpaHeaH (,ll;lKoBamrn EaTIHcra), )'Mep B fiOCAbl MOCKOBHH 409 1778 r., rpaeep H apxHTeKTOp 425 flocoA BoAbcpeH6JOTTeNI 706 fiHpo (a66aT o.llMOH.ll), TeoAor 319 flocoA flepcHH 409, 777 fiHpo6 (rocno.llHH), opylKemrnK 199 fiOTeMKHH (fpHropHii AAeKcaH.llpOBH'I, flAaTOH, cpHAococp 464 KHII3b), MHHHC1p EKaTepHHbl II 66 fiAyTapx, rpe'!ecKHii nHcaTeAh 559 floTbe p,e )Kesp, TpeM H HosbOH (.llOM .lle) fiOKAeH (<l>lfAHnn), JleAOBOH 'leAOBeK 169 42 floAe (lliapAb), cpHHaHCHCT 43 ITOTbe, eM. TaKlKe EAaHMeHHAb, )Keep H floAeH (npen. OTeU IllapAb), YM· s 1653 r., TpeM. flpaaeAb {Meche .lle), )'Mep B 1690 r., reHeHe3Yf£r, .llyxOBHHK 67, 69--72,95,482,762 flOAHHbliK ()KaKAHHa ,!110 Pyp, BHKOHTeCca paA-AeifTeHaFIT 276 ae) 322 flpeiiH .ll'IOMbep (PaiiMoH AYH ae KpeBaH, floAHHbliK (MeAbKHOp, Kap.liHHaA ae), MapKH3 .lle), }'Mep B 1688 r., reHepaA)'Mep s 1741 r., CbiH npe.llbl.llymeii, nocoA AeifTeHafiT BOeHH()-MOpCKHX CHA 263, 649, 651 299,339,343,347 flpHMaTH'I'IO (<l>paH'!eCKO), ·xy.llOlKHHK H IToAb (weeaALe), }'Mep B 1667 r., reHepaAAeifTeHafiT BOeHHQ-MOpCKoro cj>AOTa 373, aeKoparop 226 700 flpHMH BHcKOHTH (,ll;lKaM6arncra), MefloMnaayp ()KaHHa-AKryaHerra flyaccoH, M)'apHCT 561, 576-578 .llaMa AeHOpMaH .ll'oTbOAb, MapKHaa ae), flrn-PeHo (LepHap PeHo .ll'8AHccarape, Haa.), )'MepAa B 1764 r., cpaeopFITKa AJOaosHYM· B 1719 r., reuepaA-AeiiTeHaHT BoeHHoKa XV 310 MopcKoro cj>AOTa 266,347 floMnoHH (CHMoH ApHo, MapKH3 ae), )'Mep B flyaccoH (npen. O"reU), opaTopHaHeu 465 1699 r., rocy.llapCTBeHHbm ceKpeTapb no flyAaiioH (MaprapFITa ae )KeaH, .llaMa Ae), HHOCTpaHHblM JleAaM, MHHHC!p, cynepHH· 3aKAJO'IeHHal! B TIOpbMY 321 TeH.llaHT nO'IT 127, 128, 245, 252, 253, 255, flycceH (Hm<:oAa), )'Mee, B 1665 r., xy.llO:IK267, 269, 288, 298, 334, 335, 362, 473, 519, HHK 194, 196, 428, 438 585,591,607, 758-760,771,775 fly~HTHc (EepHap .lle CeH-)KaH, 6apoH ae),

AA<PABIITHbiH YKA3ATE.I\b

}'Mep B 1707 r., KOMaR.!IHp 9CKa.llpbl 435, 513,520,623,660,775 ITcpaAbucKaR (Alma fon3ara, npHnuecca), }'MepAa a 1684 r. 52, 104 ITcpaAbucKaR, eM. TaJOKe Ma.aaM ITcpaAbUCKaR. ITI0:1Ke (lliep), }'Mep a 1694 r., cKyALmop 266,434 ITIOHceriOp ()KaK <Ppancya ae WacreHe, MapKH3 ae), }'Mep a 1743 r., MapwaA 516,619,644,665 ITIOCcop (AHpH), }'Mep a 1697 r., cOBeTHHK B KOpOAeBCKOM COBeTe 132, 159, 233, 396, 441, 761 Pa6Ae (<Ppancya), nncaTeAb 6, 31, 137 PaKaH (OHopa ae EI03H, ceHbop ae), }'Mep a 1670 r., no3T 204 PaKoUH <l>epenu II, }'Mep a 1735 r., aeHrepcKHil na-rpHoT 756 PaHce (ApMan-)Kan Eynriie, a66aT ae), YM· a 1700 r., pecpopMaTOp-uHcrepuHaneu, noceAHBWHHCll a a66aTCTBe Ho-rp-,l(aMae-Aa-Tpann 459 PaneH (npen. OTeu Pene), }'Mep a 1687 !"-· He3YHT, no3T H KPHTHK 102, 771, 772 PaCHH ()KaH), }'Mep a 1699 r., no3T, apaMa-rypr, HCTOpHorpacp AloaoanKa XIV H ero apyr 3, 7, 19, 185, 186, 189, 204, 216, 219, 239, 245, 247, 3~302, 344, 365, 371, 372, 403, 421, 446, 486, 502, 504, 525, 546, 547, 550, 559, 560, 568, 591, 592,602,683,685,767,771,772,775 PacnH (Ayn), }'Mep a 1763 r., CbiH npeabltlywero, no3T 186, 558 PaTa6on (AHTyaH ae), cynepnHTeH.llaHT CTpOHTeALCTBa 123, 760 PeBeAL (lllapAL-AMeaeil ae EpoiiAL, rpacp ae), YM· a 1707 r., renepaA-AeHTeHaHT 375 PeaeHTAOy (KpHCTHaH, rpacp), YM· a 1738r., renepaA Ha CAy:1K6e HMnepHH 621 PeAeHr (<l>epanHaH.ll, rpacp ae), }'Mep a 1704 r., reHepaA-AeHTeHaHT BOeHHoMOpCKOro cpAOTa 263, 264, 347, 513 PeMHrHH (caRToil), enncKon 9 - 1 I Peno a'9AHccarape, CM. ITTH-Peno. Penoao (a66aT 93e6), raaeT'IHK-H3aaTeAL 199 Penyap (rocnoann), "'HCTHALIUHK opy:1KHll 199 PeHbe ae Mape (<PpaHcya-Cepacpen), }'Mep B 1713 r., aKa.lleMHK 398 PeHbo,aen (Aopenuo HaAbt~HHH, naablBaeMblii), CKYAbiTTOp 432 PeHbllp ()KaH-paHcya), }'Mep a 1709 r., nHcaA aAR rea-rpa 372, 776, 777

803

Peu ()i(aH-<l>pancya-IToAL ae foH.liH, KapJ.UtHaA ae), YM· a 1679 r., apXHenHCKon ITapiDKa, cpponaep 38, 48, 49, 53, 54, 58, 59, 62,70,94,95,24~245. 753,762,768,773 Pliro {11Rcem), YM· a 1743 r., nepabm xyao:1KHHK KOpoAR 198, 423, 543, 544, 557, 565 Pm<e (ITbep-IToAL), }'Mep B 1680 r., cpHHaHCHCT, 3a"'HHaTeAL CTpOHTeALCTBa KaHaAa na 10re <l>panUHH 372, 385, 386, 700, 770 PHwap (9Then), MY3bJKaHT 32 PltweAbe (ApMan ,lVonAeccn, KapaHHaA ae), }'Mep a 1642 r., rAaBHbm MHHHCTp 16, 17, 23, 25, 37-41, 44, 45, 56, 73, 75, 78, 81, 91, 94, 126, 152-154, 166, 197, 236, 238, 244, 257, 261, 262, 266, 273, 378, 441, 459, 486, 489,538,684,735,739,767 l'HweAbe (ApMan-)KaH ae BHHbepo /1¥>nAeccn, repuor ae), KOAAeKuHonep 196 Po6epaaAb ()KnAL ITepcoHH ae), }'Mep a 1675 r., MareMaTHK 195 Poran (AHpH-Wa6o, repuor ae), }'Mep a 1655 r., cppoll.llep 56 Poran (ApMan-faCTOH-MaKcHMHAbeH, KapaHHaA ae), }'Mep B 1749 r., nepabJH KaneAAaH 709, 711 Poran (Ayn ae Poran-Wa6o, repuor .~~:e), }'Mep a 1727 r. 374, 643 Poran (Ayn, npHHU ae), }'Mep B 1689 r. 358 Poran-Poran (9pKIOAL-Mepna.aeK, a66aT ae Cy6H3, npHHU ae Poran, 3areM repuor ae), renepaA-AeHTeHaHT 358, 718 Poran-Poran, CM. TaJOKe Mon6aaon H Cy6n3. Poran-PoraHbx (aoM) 358, 359, 414 Po3 (npe3H.lleHT Tyccen), }'Mep a 1701 r., MapKH3 ae Kya, ceKpe-rapb ITaAaTbi, CeKpeTapb-llMHTaTOp KOpOAeBCKOro noqepKa 137, 526, 550 Poaap (H, ), aepcncpHKaTOp 50 Poaen (Konpa.a ae), }'Mep a 1715 r., MapwaA 624,763 POAan {HHKoAa), YM· B 1678 r., KaHOHHK 391 PoAAan (ITbep AanoPT, naaLmaeMbln), rAasa KaMH3apoa 677 PoMeH (Monax <Ppancya), HH:1Kenep 398 Poccn (J\ym~:am), KOMn03HTOp 33 Powewyap (AoM ae) 325 Powewyap, eM. TaK:1Ke MoHTecnaH {MapKH3a ,ae) H BHBOHH. Powcpop (AHpn-Ayn a'AAyanbH, MapKH3 ae), YM· a 1676 r., MapwaA 298, 443,763 Powcpop (Ma,aAeHa ae MoHMopancHAaaaAh, cynpyra npMbltlytUero), }'MepAa B 1729 r. 443

804

AA<l>ABIITHbiH YKA3ATF.l\h

Pya (A)'H .11e Aapomcpyt<o, MapKH3 .11e), )'Mep B 1751 r., reaepM-AeHTeHaHT raAepaoro cpAoTa 264 Py6eHC (flm-ep-f1ay3A), xy.liO)I(HHK 192 PyHe .11e Map6ecp (lliep, npesH.lleHT), )'Mep B 1712 r., fiOCOA 633 PyHe .lllO Ky.11pe {MAep), YM· B 1729 r., reaepaALHLJi:i .liHpeKTOp cpHHaHCOB 621, 760 PyK (c3p ~)I(Op.ll)l(), )'Mep B 1709 r., MMHpaA 623 Pycco (o-reu), KanyuHH 199 PloBHHbH, CM. fOAY3H. PloifTep (MHXHeA A.lipHaHC30H .11e), )'Mep B 1676 r., rOAAaH.IICKHH MMHPM 279, 289, 299,500,579,657,770 P!OpHK, KHJI3b (nOA)'MHcpH'leCKHH) HosropO.llCKHH 20 CasoecKaB (repuorHHll) 98,99 CasoiicKaB (MaprapHTa) 98,99 CasoiicKall (MapHli-A)'H3a-fa6pH9Ab), YM· s 1714 r., nepsaB cynpyra <lli-IAHnna V 421,570,615,655,776 CasoiicKHe (npHHueccbl) 98, 99, 769 CasoifcKHe, eM. TaK)I(e KapHHbliHO, EsreHlrii (npHHu), Cyaccoa. CasoiicKlrii (.lloM) 21,98 CasoHapoAa (~)I(HpOAaMo), cpAopeHTHHcKHH nponOBMHHK 470 CaHliH (npen. o-reu .11e), oparopHaaeu 465 CaxcoacKHH (Mopac, rpacp), MapwM H TaKTHK 294, 295, 642 Ca.hbrac (<l>paucya .11e TieAe, 6apoa), KaTOp)I(HHK aa rMepax, nocrpa.~~asWHH sa sepy 488 CaALrac (AlOKpec .11e EpHHbliK, 6apoaecca), cynpyra npe.llbl.llymero 488 CaMCOH, cy.llbllli3paHN1529 CaurHHe (a66aT) 359 CaHrHHe (ceMeiiCTBo) 359 CaHcoa (fHiioM), YM· B 1703 r., reorpacp 199 Cappasea ()l(aK), cKyAbriTOp 430. Caca, eM. AeMeTp. CBeTOHHH (faii Tpam<BHAA), PHMCKHH HCTOpHK 5, 755 Ce6esHAb (<l>paHcya Ka.~~o, MapKH3 .11e), )'Mep B 1703 r., fiOCOA 346 Ces (AAeKcaH.llp .11e), YM· B 1679 r., coseTHill< B KOpOAeBCKOM COBeTe 121, 124, 761 Ces (Tibep .ae), HasbJBaeMbiH Ces MAa.~~ unrii, XY.IlO)I(HHK 192 CesHHbe (Mapa11 .ae Pa6JOTea lliaHTaAL, MapKHaa .ae), )'MepAa B 1696 r., AJ06HTeAbHHUa riHCaTL fiHCbMa H npoCAaBHBWaJICll B 3fiHCTOAllpHOM )l(aHpe 7, 96,

119, 153, 197, 230, 235, 243, 254, 295, 300, 303, 309, 310, 316, 320, 358, 361, 362, 389, 403, 407, 452, 460, 465, 485, 524,568,582,583,591,775 Cerea (Mecbe), KariHTaH Ayspa 199 Cerea (lliep), spa'! Amn,1 AscrpHiiCKoH 34 Cerno (npen. OTeu), oparopHaueu 464 Cene (~oMHHHK), )'Mep B 1657 r., nepBbiH .ayxosHHK KopoAR 18, 488 Cene (Tibep), )'Mep B 1672 r., 6paT npe.llbl.llymero, repuor BHAbMOp, KaHUMp 26, 27, 53, 55, 60, 92, Ill, 114, 131, 132, 154, 159, 160, 193, 196, 197, 233, 234,236,247,587,759,771 CeH-EpHCCOH (MeCbe .lie), npeso fiapH)I(a 55 CearAeH (a66aT AHryau), )'Mep B 1664 r., HCriOBe.liHHK B fiop-PoAAe 239 CeaeKa (A. AHHeii), cpHAococp 100 CeH-)I(eHLe3 (Mecbe .ae), KariHTaH 217 Cea-)l(epMeH (A)'H-KAO.ll, rpacp .11e), )'Mep B 1778 r., MHHHCTp AlO.liOBHKa XVI 260 Cea-KoHTeCT (ceMeHCTBO Eap6epH .11e) 382 Ceu-Map (AupH Kecpcpbe .11e Plo3e, MapKH3 .11e), 3arosopmHK 23, 63, 550, 767 CeH-MopHc (ToMa4>paucya llia6o, MapKH3 ,ae), fiOCOA CasoiiH 152,217,577 Ceao (npen. oTeu), oparopHaueu 464, 764 Cea-TioAb (rpacp .11e), CM. AoursHAb. Cea-TioAb (MapK-AHryau, wesaALe .ae), )'Mep s 1704 r., KariHTau Kopa6AR621 Cea-lliep (lllapAb·lipeue Kacre.hb, a66aT .ae), )'Mep s 1743 r., riHcaTe.hb 581,673 Cea-CHMou (A)'H .11e Pyspya, repuor .11e), )'Mep s 1755 r., repuor H mp, Me~pHCT 5, 6, 38, 63, 123, 125, 128, 133, 288, 315, 318, 325, 367, 371, 403, 404, 410-415, 426, 432,445,459,460,468,489,505,537,543, 544,546,558,563,569,574,579,580,584, 585, 587, 589-591, 596, 598, 605, 618, 620, 621,623,624,628,653,654,683,686,687, 697,703,704,717,735,756,772,776 CeH-Capau ()l(au ~JOsep)l(be .ae Opauu, a66aT .11e), )'Mep B 1643 r., reoAor, .11pyr RuceHHJI 94, 238, 239, 242, 243, 245, 254, 685, 767 CeHT-AHryau (rocriO.llHH), AeHTeHaHT 359 Ce1rr-Ees (lllapAb-OrJOCTea), KpHTHK 250 CeHT-MapT (npen. o-reu A)'H-A6e.hb .11e), oparopHaueu 464-466 CeHT-9speMoH (lllapAb .ae MapreTe.hb .ae Cea-~eHH .11e), )'Mep B 1703 r., Am-epaTop 114, 216, 558 CeHT-9HbliH (<l>paucya-Ouopa .ae EosHAbe, repuor .11e}, )'Mep B 1687 r., nepsb!H

AACl>ABIITHblli YKA3ATEAb

805

KOMHann.rli ABOpliHHH 63, 120, 198, 210, 213 208- 210, 213, 308, 374, 550 Cyacx:oH (8?Kes-Mopuc CasoliaoiH, rpacp 11e), Cem.eAe ()Kau-Eantcr KOAI>6ep, MapKH3 Ae), )'M- B 1673 r., reuepaA·nOAKOBHHK IJlBeH. uapa«>if rBapAHH Kop<Wi88, 142,504 YM· s 1690 r., MHHHcrp u roc. reKpeTapb, cnoco6crsoBaA pa:mHmJO Mopa<oro cj>AoCyaccou (OAJ!MllHJI MaJNHHH, rpacpiUUl 11e), Ta 125, 126, 156, 181, 262, 264-266, 347, ~pAa s 1708 r., cynpyra npeJlblJl)'Wero, nAeMJIHJIHua Ma3apHHH, Man, 350,362,441,442, 47~483. 500,506, ~ 583, 587, 731, 737, 7~ 759, 774 npHHUa EsreHHJI 88, 322, 504 CepacpeH (npen. oreu), KanyuHH, nponoCy6H3 (a66aT 11e), CM. Porau-Porau. BeAHHK 450, 765 Cy6H3 (<PpaHcya Jle Porau-Mou6a3oH, npHHU .ae), )'Mep s 1712 r., reuepuCepBi>eH (A!ieM.), YM· B 1659 r., MapKH3 Ae Ca6Ae, cynepHHTeHAaHr cpHHaHCOB 53, AeHTeHaHr 309 112 Cy6H3 (Alma 11e PoraH-llla6o, npHHUecca CepKKyp, CM. AeMetp. 11e), YM· s 1709 r., )KeHa npe.!lbUiyUlero 300 Cy3H, eM. AeneAen.e. Cepp (AasHA), npo-recratn'CI<H nponoCypw (Ayu-<PpaHcya JliO Eywe, MapKH3 seAHHK 676 11e), )'Mep s 1716 r., BeAHlCHH npes o, MeCRA (PoApuro ~ac Ae EHBap, Ha3bl· saeMbif), KaC'TRAbcKHii repoif 20, 753, MY3PHCT 7, 337, 339, 356, 357, 359, 361, 362, 366, 368, 370, 374, 382, 399, 411, 767 CHAAepu, eM. TaK)Ke EptoAap. 413, 426, 460, 467, 470, 472, 491, 514, 526, 533, 543, 545, 546, 549-553, 555, CnAAepu (AOM EpJOAap .ae) 357 570, 572, 575, 583, 646, 647, 655, 660, CHAAepu (Po)Ke EpJOAap, MapKH3 Ae), )'Mep B 1719 r., reuepu-AeHTeHaHr 357 687, 689 CuesHH)'c, y6Hiiua THpaHa 433 CHAbsecrp (fupaaAb), )'Mep B 1691 r., rpasep 199 CIOAAH (MaKCHMHAHaH llbep <PpaHcya .ae CltMOH (npen. oreu Pmnap), YM· B 1712 r., EeTIOu, repuor 11e), )'Mep s 1694 r. 155 CIOpBHAL (Ay&-lllapAb Jle Orcj>op, MapKH3 opaTOpHaHeu, TOAKOBaTeAb CB. llHcaHHR 463, 466,581, 772 Jle), yM. B 1721 r., reHepaA·AeifTeuaHT 639 CJOcj>cppeH (npen. oreu), uesynT, ucnoseACKappou (lloAb Ae), )'Mep s 1660 r., noST 75,103,313,566,768,769 HHK AloAOBifl(a xm 657, 684 TaifMHT (9-rbeu), ucroplfl( 7, 753 CKOTT (csp BaAbTep), poMaHHcr 753 CKJOAepu (MaAAeHa .ae), )'MepAa B TaAAap {KaMHAb 11'0creH, rpacp 11e), )'Mep s 1701 r., pOMaHHCTKa 583, 768, 778 1728 r., Mapwu 130, 260, 374, 610, 612, 61~ 622, 624, 625, 698, 756, 763, 776 CMHT (AaaM), YM· s 1790 r., SKOHOMHCT 168 CoaHeH ()f(au), )'Mep s 1740 r., enncKon TaAbMaH Jle Peo (feJleou), )'Mep s 1692 r., xpOHifl(ep 5 Ceueaa 255, 450, 459, 466, 765 TaAbMau-crapwHii (a66aT), noST 422 Co6eCKHii (Jiu), )'Mep 8 1696 r., KOpoAb llOAbUlH 297, 340, 374, 518, 7~ 772 TaAbMOH (AHpu-lllapAb 11e AaTpeM)'if, npHHU 11e), )'Mep B 1672 r., npHHu CoAoMoH, uapb espeifcKHii 10, 85 CoAbHOH ()f(aH <PpaHcya), HCTOplfl( 410, TapeHTO<Hif u repuor Jle Tyap, cppoHAep 58 Tuou (OMep ll), )'Mep B 1652 r., KOpOAes754, 755 cKHii aABOKaT 28, 55 Cocj>HR-AMMIDI, KOpoAesa ~aHHH 109 CTaAb ()f(epMeHa HeKKep, 6apouecca Ae), Tuou (AeHB), YM· B 1698 r., a.m npellbl.lt}'· mero, KOpoAeBCKHH aABOKaT 130, 234 nHCaTeAbHHUa 558 CTeiiHxon (~)KeifMc, rpacp), )'Mep B Tuou ()f(aH), HHTeHJlaHT KaHaAbl 161 Tacco (fopKBaTO), noST 204, 309 1721 r., aHrAHHCKHH reaepaA H AHnA<>TauHT (lly6AHif KopueAHif), pHMcKHii ucroMaT 655,656 pHK, aHHaAHCT 5, 47, 433, 593, 717, 756 CTeu6oK (Mamyc), )'Mep s 1717 r., umeACKHii reuepu 330 TepryAAHaH, OTeu QepKBH 24 CTeHA3Ab (llbep EeiiAb, Ha3blBaeMblii), TeMnopHTH (<PpaH'IecKo), CKYAbnTOp 230 TeppaccoH (a66aT )f(aH), )'Mep B 1750 r., poMaHHCT 232 CTtoa(>Tbl (AOM) 343, 506 aKaAeMHK 602 Tecce (AOM Jle <PpyAe .ae) 541 CyaiieKyp (MaKCHMBAHaH·AlnyaH Jle Tecce (Peue 11e <PpyAe, Mapwu 11e), )'Mep Ee.Abcj>op~>ep, MapKH3 11e), YM· s 1679 r.

806

AA<l>ABI1THbl1{ YKA3ATEAb

e 1725 r., reHepu rv.epHoro cpAoTa 415,623,624,673,689,690,763 TecCHH MAa.awHii (Hm<O,aeMyc, 6apoH TeccHH, Ha3biBaeMbiH), YMep e 1728 r., WBe.llCKHH apXHTeKTOp 428, 563 - 565 T eKeAH (liMpe), eeHrepcKHH oaTPHOT 297, 501 TecreAeH (AHpn), YMep e 1695 r., xy,aoJKHHK 557 TnaHl!C (fa6pH9.1\b .ae Powewyap, MapKHaa tte), YMepAa e 1693 r. 198 TnaHl!C (IV..o,a-AHpn-HAH6ep ,l(aMa, MapKH3 tte), YMep e i707 r., CbiH ope.aw.ayweif, reHepu-AeiiTeHaHT 369 Tniill.lle-ct>HMapKoH (H. .ae Kaccan~:oe, MapKH3 tte), YMep e 1708 r., oOAKOBHHK 367 Tniill.lle-HMapKoH (H. ,ae Kaccan~:oe), 6paT opettbt,llywero, 00.1\KOBHHK 367 Tnunau Be'le./\.1\HO, xy,aoJKHHK 196 THTOH .a10 Tniie (9epap), YMep e 1762 r., MeuenaT 218 ToHTH, CM. Men .ae <l>ep- )KeAe3HaJI PyKa. TopeR ()Kau-EaTHcr KoAbfiep tte KpyaCCH, MapKH3 .ae), YMep e 1746 r., MHHHCTP H roc. cei<peTapb HHocrpaHHbtx .aeA, cynepHHTeH.llaHT OO'IT 123-126, 267, 361, 369, 410, 517-519, 548, 549, 564, 570, 584, 585, 5frl. 007, 611-614, 620, 633-635, 648-651, 655,656.662,664,665,667-669,674,682, 693,729,731,758-760,776,777 Tope./\.1\H {,l(lKaKooo), Mau.mHHCT (TeaTP) 33 TyAyacKHH (Ayn-AAeKcaHAp Eyp6ou, rpacp), YM· B 1737 r., yaaKOHeHHbrii CbiH KOpcw!, a..aMHpaA, o6ep-erepMeiicrep 312. 525, 588, 590, 657, 697, 698, 709, 711, 777 TyAy3cKaJI (MapHII-BKKTopHR-CocpnR .ae Hoaii, rpacpHH11), cynpyra ope.awywero 312 Typnecpop ()Koaecp IlHTToH .ae), YMep B 1708 r., 6oTanHK 196 TypeHAb (AHH-11Aapnon .ae KOTaHTeH, rpacp H MapwaA ,ae), YM· B 1701 r., BHUe-a.aMHpu 265, 266, 347, 368, 433, 435, 500, 503, 504,506-512,531,584,595,645,763,775 TpeM (Pene IloTbe, repuor tte), YMep e 1670 r. 43 Tpnanon (KaTepHHa EyAe, Ha3biBaeMaJI e.aoeoii), «Be,llbMa» 321 TpoMn (KopneAHYc), YMep e 1691 r., rO.I\.I\aH,llCKHH a,aMHpaA 298, 299 Tpoucou (Mec~:oe) '{.1\eH Konrperaunn CenCIOAblDIC 605 TI06e<P (cynpyra npeaHtteHTa) 222 TI06u ()Kan-EaTHcr), YMep e 1700 r.,

CKyAbiTTOp 230,431,434,436,738 T10peHH (npHHU AHpn .ae AaTYP tt'Oeepn~:o, BHKOHT tte), YMep e 1675 r., rAaeHbrii Mapwu apMHH 25, 50-52, 56, 57, 61-63, 76, 77, 81, 82, 86, 120, 233, 252, 258, 267, 278-283. 288-290, 292298, 303, 337, 342, 357, 364, 366, 412, 441, 476, 501, 504, 508, 516, 548, 550, 584,589,737,762, 767-769,771,772 T10peHH (lllapAOTTa .ae KoMOH-Aacpopc. eHKoHTecca .ae). cynpyra npe.llbl.llywero 476 TspKoHHeA (Pwtap.a T:M6o-r, repuor), YMep B 1691 r., Aop.a-.aenynT HpAanAHH, CTPaCTH~:orii RK06HT 496, 505 Yacc (Pene AHTyau), YMep B 1710 r., xy.llOlKHHK 557 Y.aap tte AaMOTT (AHTyaH), non 602 Y.aen (AeoHop), apxHTeKTop 29,31 Y.aeu (AHTyau), opeoollaeaTe.l\b R3biKOB 29, 31, 201 Yp6an VIII (Macpcpeo Eap6epnnu, Ilana), YMep e 1644 r. 77, 757 <t>a6ep (A6paaM lle), YMep B 1662 r., Mapwu 81, 700,763 <t>aron (fn-KpeccaH), YMep e 1718 r., epa-q H ,apyr KOpo./\11 196, 549-552, 687, 703-707, 763 <t>apaMOH.ll, KopoAb (opellOOAaraeM~>rn) ,apeBHHX <PpanKOB 205, 206 <t>apneae (f.hnaaeeTa), cynpyra HAHDoa V 777 <t>apue3e (O.aoapllo), repuor riapMcKHii 77 <t>etto (ceMeiiCTBo) 382 <t>eAH6~:oeH (Anttpe), apxHTeKTOp 193, 221, 223,228,231,773,775 <l>eAHKC lle Taccn (WapAb), YM· e 1703 r., oepewii xnpypr 553, 554, 556 <l>eAHOO (.!10M lle) 126, 458, 548, 724, 731 <t>eAHno tte AaepHiiep (Ayn), YM· e 1681 r., rocyllapCTBeHHbtii ceKpeTap~:o, 3aHHMaiOWHHCR lle.l\aMH opOTeCTaHTCKOH pe.1\HrHH 548, 760 <t>eAHoo, eM. TaKl!Ce Warouecp, Aaepniiep, rionwapTPeH. <t>eneAOH (<flpancya tte CaAHHbRK lle AaMorr), YM· e 1715 r., apxneDHcKoo KaM· 6pe, eocOHTaTe.l\b repuora EypryH.llcKoro 5, 297, 377, 403, 404, 421, 471, 472, 492, 513, 534-538, 548, 570, 574, 585, 593, 599, 600, 602-607, 654, 674, 682, 684,689,691-693,735,774,775,777 <t>eottocnii I BeAHKnii, pHMcKHii HMDeparop 136, 484, 489

AA~ABIITHblH YKA3ATE.I\h

807

<l>epAHHaH,Il llJ, )'Mep B 1657 r., HMneparop <l>oHTeHeAb (6epHap Ae6o8he t~e), nHcaTeAb 47, 77-80, 757, 768 178,486,581,601, ~ 768, 772- 774 ept~HHaHJl·MapHll, Kypcp!Opcr EasapcKHH <l>opaH (./Ko6), KOMaHAHp 3CKa,t~pbt 373, 700 429, 757 op6en (KAoA, rpacp t~e), YM· 8 1733 r., KOMaHAHp 3CKatlpbt621, 626,627,658, 756 eppan (AKryaH pancya), )'Mep B 1719 r., HHTeHJlaHT 381 op6eH, eM. TaK:>Ke .IKancoH. <l>eppH {)K!OAb), MHHHCTp 392 ope (.IKan-6aTHcr), xyt~o:>KHI!]( 564 eppbe (npen. oreu ./Kan), He3yHT, AyxospaHUHCK CaAbCKHii (csllToii), )'Mep 8 HHK 254, 460, 762 1622 r., enncKon .IKeHeBbi, peAHm03HbtH nncaTeAb 239, 468 eppbep (KAot~-.IKoaecp), !OpHcr 9, 178 HAacrp (paHcyaaa), ~BeAbMa" 321, 323, panUHCK KcasepHii (c81ITOH), He3yHT, 324 «anOCTOA lilfJlHH» 348 <l>HAH.Ilopbl (AH.Ilpe H .IKaK ,l{aHHI<aHhl, panUHCK I, KopoAb paHUHH 108, 139, 225,226,560,738 Ha3biBaeMble 6pan.ll), KOMII03HTOpbt 445 <l>HAHnn IT, CbDl KapAa V, KopOAb HcnaHHH, paHu-HocHcp I, ascrpHiiCKHH HMneparop npat~eA AIO.t~OBI!](a XIV 20, 440, 463 329 <l>HAmm IV, )'Mep B 1665 r., BHyK npe<l>paH'IeCKa l'KMCKall (C8.llTall) 573 Abi.!I)'IUero, KOpOAb HcnaHHH 80-82, 97pHJlpHX I Eap6apocca, HMneparop 20 104,268,277, 278,610,757,770 <l>pH.IlpHX I forenuoAAepn, )'Mep 8 1713 r., nepBbiH KOpoAb 8 TipyccHH 499, 616, <l>HAHnn V (<l>HAmm pl~H~l)'3<l<Hl\ repuor AwKyii<:KHii, KOpoAb), )'Mep B 1746 r., 617, 668, 757 sropoii CbDl Monce!!bOpa, KOpoAb Hcna<l>pHApHX II, YM· 8 1786 r., BHyK HHH no 3aBe1UaHHIO, HanHCaHHOM)' KapnpeAbiA)'Illero, KOpOAb TipycCHH, npocseAOM II 21, 275, 366, 368, 377, 408, 421, 428, lUeHHblH t~ecnOT, crpaTer 76, 138-140, 145,181,276,277,295,300,579,725 491, 610, 614--621, 623, 626, 628, 633-635, 639, 649-651, 654--657, 661-663, 666-668, <l>pH.IlpHx III, 6paHAeH6yprcKHH KYP· 674,675,757,773,775,777 cp10pcr, eM. <l>pHApHx I forenuoAAepn. <l>HAnnn OpAeancKHii, CM. Meche H OpAe<l>pHApHX III, )'Mep 8 1670 r., KopoAb ancKHii (<l>HAHnn II, repuor). /{aHHH 109, 303, 757, 769 <l>pH.IlpHX IV, )'Mep 8 1730 r., KOpoAb <l>HAmm-Asrycr, KOpoAb <l>paHUHH 206, 207 /{aHHH 439, 757 <l>HAHnn-BHAbreAbM 6asapcKHii, YM· B 1690r., n~u<:KHii Kypcp!Opcr 527,757 <l>pHApHX V, KrP<1>10pcr TicpaAbUCKHH 78 <l>AaMapenc (iut<esnAa-facron Ae fpoc<l>pHApHX-BHAhreAbM I, Ha3biBaeMbm BeAHCOAh, MapKH3 Ae), )'Mep B 1761 r., 6pHKHM Kypcp10pcroM, YM· 8 1688 r., KYP" fa,IIHbrn renepaA 361 cp10pcr 6paHAeH6yprcKHif 109, 143, 290, 292,294,295,297,298,304,305,327,335, <l>AeKC (rpacpHHll ,t~e) 104 336,340,343,740,757,769,773,774 <l>AepH (AHJlpe-9pK10Ab, KapAHHaA Ae), fAaJIHbiH MHHHCTp 448, 468 poMann.ep (npen. oreu .IKaH Ayn), opaTOpHaHeu 450, 764 AeWbe (9cnpH), YM· B 1710 r., peAHI'HOO.. Hhrii nponOBeAHHK, aKa,lleMI!](, enHCKOfi poMoH (.IKepoM t~e Hyso t~e), cynepHH· HHMa 16, 130, 136, 189, 216, 285, 296, 356, TeHJlaHT fiO'IT 123, 760 365,386,451,455-457,459,494,519, 53~ <l>poCTeH (lllapAb), HCTOpHK 7, 753-756 631,678,754,764,765,772,777 ysncaAAaHbll (rpacp), nocoA HcnaHHH 271, 769 oAap (.IKan-IllapAb, KaBaAep t~e), soeHHbiH TeopeTHK 295 <l>!Open.ep (AHTyan), )'Mep 8 1688 r., nHcaTeAb 22, 23, 37, 84, 88, 128, 135, 144, 152, oMa AKBHHCKHH (csllToii), AOKTOp 160, 214, 232, 236, 239, 256, 273, 317, 318, UepKBH 243, 244, 464, 694 <l>oHTaH:>K (MapHR-.Aii:>KeAHJCa ,t~e CKopaii 320, 327, 334, 339, 346, 354, 356, 376, 380, t~e PyccHii, repuomHJI t~e), )'MepAa B 388, 390, 396, ~ 407, 414, 415, 442, 458, 472,475,552,560,569,753,755,756 1681 r., AJ060BHHUa AIO.t~OBHKa XIV 314,316,324 <l>!OpCTeH6epr (9ron t~e), enHcKon oHTeH (AHHa-pancyaaa fon.e t~e), ceHCTpac6ypra 338, 354 CHpcKall t~aMa 533 ya (AHpH-pancya, repuor t~e), )'Mep B 1714 r. 210 <l>oHTeH {Hm<oAa), YM· B 1709 r., TeOAor 252

808

A.I\ABIITHbiH YKA3ATE.Ah

<l>yKe (Hm<oAa), }'Mep B 1680 r., :-.1apKH3 .11e DIW>·:H.Ab, MHHHcrp, cynepmrreH.li<UIT qm· HaHCOB, I9 AeT nposP.A B fhrnepoACKOH nopbMe, Ta.'>~ H }'Mep 4, 8, 55. 58, 63, 74, 92, 93, 98, 108, 112, 114-121, 124, 126, 127, 131, 142, 153, 154, 159, 162, 163, 179181, 191, 197, 213, 228, 232, 234-236, 257, 308,441, 561,758,768-770,773 <l>yKe (Mapru!·Ma.ll.l\eHa .11e Kacruii, )KeHa lim<oAa <l>yKe) 235 <l>yKe .11e lieAJrfub (ceMeikrno) 235 <l>bJD<p, MOHaX 17 Xapo (.lloH A}'Hc .11e), MHHHcrp licnaHHH 99, 100, 102, 103 XsTTOH (MHCCHC P.), HCTOPIIK 7, 328,329 X.I\O.liBHr, KopOAb cppaHKOB 9, 10, 11, 206, 338 XaiiHcHyc (AHroH), }'Mep B 1720 r., BeAK· KHH neHcHOHapHii, 3aKAJrTt.tH spar tl>paHUIIH 612, 618, 633, 634, 649, 663, 668, 673, 711 XaiiHCHYC (Hm<oAa), YM· B 1681 r., f}'MaHHCT, KOTOpoMY tl>paHUIIJI.llaBaAa neHCI!lO 188 XyaH ABcrpmicKHii (.lloH), YM· B 1679 r., yJaKOHeHHbm npHHU licnaHHH 304, 769 Useii6p10KKeHCKIIH (repuor) 335 Ue3apb (10.1\Jm), .1\1100 pHMCKHii noAKoso.lleu. HOClllllHii :no HMII, AH6o s nepeHoc· HOM CMbiC.I\e KaK BCecH.I\bHbm HMnepaTOp 85,181,323,338,422,523,678,780 U11uepoH (MapK Ty)\)\HH), pHMCKHH opaTop 155,495 llla6ep (rocnO.liHH .lie), KOMaH.liHp 3CKa.llpbt 660 lllaBHRbH (Aeoa Eyrni1e, rpacp .11e), }'Mep B 1652 f., MHKIICTp 26, 53 lllaAAb (Po6ep), llHeaTIW>, Mop11K 5, 657, 670 lllaMHHK (Ho3.1\b DYTOK, MapKK3 .11e), MapwaA 624 lllaMHHllp, eM. TaK)Ke KaHH. lllaMHiiHp (MifweAb), .llyxOBHHK llop· PollAll 247, 248 lllaMHHllp (fH), }'Mep B 1675 r., 6paT npe.llbl.ll)'lllero, HHTeR.llaHT 382 lllaMHiillp (MHweAb), YM· B 17:21 r., CbiH npe.llbl.llywero, MID1Hc-rp, .11pyr tcopoAll, rocy.llapCTBeHHbrii ceKpeTapb 11 reHepaAbHbm KOI!TpOAep 124, 127, 128, 267, 443, 548,550,567,569,584,586,587,600,615, 620,621,626.639,729,758-761,776 lllaMAe ()KJQAb A)'H EoAe, MapKHS .11e), fAaBHbiH ICBapTHpMeikrep 125, 267, 354, 362,497,499,500,550,596,627 lllaMneAy (CHMOH), nponoBe.liKHK 16

lllaMneKb (<l>H.I\IIfifi ;Ie), xy.liO)KHHK 247 lllaHceae (A}'H K<UITeH .11e), nepsbtH KOM· HaTHbtH CAyra 705 lllaacpop (Ce6aCTbeH PoK, HaSbtBaeMbtH .lie), MOpaAHCT 550 lllmAeH ()l(aH), }'Mep B 1674 r., no9T 119, 187, 189, 193, 194, 204, 767, 772 lllmAeH (Ma.~~Aeaa fap.11e, Ha3btsaeMall). «Be.llbMa» 321 lllapo (AYH .11e lieTJOH, rpacp .11e), }'Mep B 1681 r., 6y.11ywiiH repuor .11e lllapoEeTJOH, J<anHTaH Aeii6-rnap.liHH 26 lllapo (A}'H·ApMaH ;Ie lieTJOH, repuor .11e), YM· B 1717 r., Cb!H npe.llbl.llywero 471 lllapo (MapHll <l>yKe, repuoml!ll .11e), YM· B 1716 r., cynpyra npe.llbl.llywero 604 lllapOAe (lllapAb Eyp6oa-KOK.lle, rpacp .lie), npKKU KpOBH 709 lllapnaHThe (Map~<·Aaryaa), }'Mep B 1704 r., KOMfi03HTOp 204, 776 lllap-rpCKHii (A)'H, repuor), YM· s 1752 r., cbm pereHTa 411 lllap-rpcKHH, CM. Tatc)Ke 0pAeaHCKHH. lllaTI!HoH (rocnO.liHH), rpasep 199 lllaTHHOH (KAO.li·9Ab3eap, rpacp ;Ie), }'Mep B 1721 r., KOMaH.l!Hp fiOAKa 367 lllaT06pHaH (BHKOHT tl>pa~~cya-Peae-Onocr .11e), nHcaTe.l\b 360, 370, 686, 756 lllaroaecp (EaAbTasap <l>e.l\llno, MapKH3 .11e), }'Mep B 1700 r., rocy.llapCTBeHHbtH cetcpe-rapb, saaHMaJOIU.HiiCll sonpocaMH npo-recraHTCKOH peAHrHH 125-127, 441, 483, 584, 731, 760 lllaroaecp (lllapAb .11e Ao6enHR, MaptcH3 .11e), xpaHHTe.l\b ne<JaTeH 52-54, 56 lllaTopeHO (tl>paHcya·A}'H PycceAe, Map KH3 H MapwaA .11e) BHUe·a.liMHpaA 263, 347, 375, 435, 500, 505- 509, 548, 584, 621,624,645,660,756,763 lllespes (Mapl!ll .11e Poraa-Moa6asoH, repUOfHHll .11e), cynpyra KAo.11a AurapHHr· ctcoro, rAasaoro cotco.l\bHH'!ero 16, 51, 245 lllespes (lllapAlr0Hope .11'A.I\b6ep .11e AIOHH, repuor .11e), YM· B 1712 r., HeocpHUllaAbHbm COBeTHHK B «peaAbHO cyweCTBYJOUleM, HO cetcpeTHOM MHHHCTepCTBe>> (CeH.CHMOH) 403,404,469,536,538,569,607,650,674, 684,689,754,777 lllespes ()l(aHHa-MapHll Ko.l\b6ep, repuorHHll .11e), cynpyra npe.llbt.llywero 181, 310,604,607,754 lllHMe (9paecr-~oMHKHK .11e AHHb, npHHU .11e), }'Mep s 1693 r., ry6epaaTop AIOK· ceM6ypra 341

AM>ABHTHbiH YKA3ATEJ\b

llloap tte liiOaaHBaAh (MoHceHbOp HHKoAa), enHcKon-rpacp Bose 249 llloBeAeH (A)'H), }'Mep 8 1715 r., KOpOAeBCKHH atlBOKaT 461 llloM6epr (<l>pettepHK·ApMaH, rpacp tte), }'Mep s 1690 r., Mapwa.... 298, 302, 476, 500,506,533,763 llloH (lllapAb tt'AAb6ep tt'AHH, repuor tte), ry6epHa-rop BpeTaHH 238 lliOHIO (Ihep). HCTOPHK 729 lllnaHreHM (83eKH3Ab), 6pau,aeH6yprCKHH llHIL\OMaT 577, 579 lll-rapeM6epr {fBHllOOaAbllO, rpacp), }'Mep B 1737 r., ~llMapwa.... 655, 656, 669 lllmp}'M (fepMaH·Orro, rpacp AHM6ypr), }'Mep s 1704 r., cpeAbttMapwa.... 622 lllya3eAH (ll0M)357,458 lliYaJe.hb ()Kwu,6ep tte), ellHCKon TypHe 459 lliYaJeAb (8-n.eH--paHcya, repuor tte), }'Mep s 1785 r., MHHHcrp AIOttoBHKa XV 260 lllya3eAb, CM. TalOKe ,l(IOilAeCCH·IlpaAeH. lllyase.hh--<l>paHcbep (KA.ott, rpacp tte), Mapwa.... 520, 524, 624, 763 lllyaaH (4>paHcya-THMoAeoH, a66aT tte), aKal{eMHK 7, 107, 306, 467, 485, 544, 547, 580, 735 86ep (4>paHcya), yMep s 1728 r., KIOpe BepcaN1576 8tt, eM. )KaH 8tt (cs.srroii). 8tt tte Mespe (<l>paHcya), 6paT ca. )i(aHa 8tta, 3HaMeHHThiM HCTOpHK 30, 189, 206, 461 8Aya (npen. OTeu), 'iAeH optteHa cppaHUH• CKaHUeB·peKOAAeTOB 456 8Ab6ecp (lllapAb AOTapHHrCKHH, repuor tt'), }'Mep B 1657 r. 49 8MepH, CM. IlapTH'leAAH. 8HrHeHCKHH, eM. KoHtle. 8Hllpe {4>AopaH), MY3biKaHT, HrpaiOwmi HaAIOTHe 32 8HbliH (OTeU), KanyuHH 199 8neHWaAh (facnap, rpacp tt'), YM· B 1686r., llBOpRHHH·rpa6HTeAb 130, 131 8nepHOH (BepHap tte Horape tte AasaAeTT, repuor tt'), }'Mep s 1661 r. 141, 259 8psap (BapTeAeMH), }'Mep s 1676 r., reHepa....bHbiM KOI!TpOAep 120 8pAaHrep (<l>!wfnn), HCTOPHK 754 8ppap (lllapAb), xytto:>~<HHK, llHpeKrop 4>paHuyaCKoii aKatteMHH s PHMe 194 8craw (nac-rop ,l(aHH3Ab), tte....eraT cHHOlla npOTeCTaHTOB 95

809

8crpatt (fottecppya, rpacp tt'), Mapwa.... 270, 763 8crpe (4>paHcya-AHHH6aA, repuor tt'), }'Mep s 1670 r., Mapwa.... 37 8crpe (4>paHcya-AHHH6aA II, repuor tt'), }'Mep s 1687 r., CbiH npellblllywero, nocoA 354 8crpe (Ceaap, KapttHHaA ll'), YM· s 1694r., 6paT npellblllywero 351, 353, 354 8crpe ()KaH, rpacp tt'), }'Mep s 1707 r., 6paT npellbillywHX, BHUe-attMHpaA, Mapwa.... 4>paHuHH 233, 263, 289, 347, 500,508,513,624,671,772 8crpe (BHKTOp-MapH, repuor H Mapwa.... tt'), }'Mep s 1737 r., cbm npellblllywero, BHueMMHpaA 500, 508, 513, 624, 763 8ccpHpb, 6H6AeHCKaR repOHHJI 316, 454, 486,529,573 8cppaaH Po6ep, MOHawKa 679 8cpcpHa (AHTyaH Kecpcpbe tte P!Oae, MapKH3 ll'), MapwaA 600 IOaec (MaprapHTa .Amm.e, repuorHHRtt') 104 IOKceAAb (MapHR Ae6aiie.'lb, MapKH3a tt'), }'MepAa s 1712 r. 679, 685 IOKceAAb (HHKoAa lliO B....e, MapKH3 tt'), }'Mep s 1730 r., CbiH npellblttyweii, Mapwa.... 569, 624, 649, 651, 698, 763 lOMhep (A)'H IV tte KpesaH, Mapi<If3 tt'), }'Mep s 1694 r., Mapwa.... 210, 298, 302, 763 IOMbep, eM. IlpeiiH. I0Hr (APTYP), 3KOHOMHCT H nyTeWeCTBeHHHK 14 IOpceH, CM. ,l(ea10pceH. IOccoH, CM. BoHpeno. IOCTHHHaH, pHMCKHH HMnepa-rop 158 IOwoH (KA.ott), KIOpe BepcaNI 709, 718 R6ax (8sepaptt), KOAAeKUHOHep 196 RKoB II CTIOapT, }'Mep B 1701 r., KOpOAb AHrAHH, cseprnyn.IH B 1688 r. 195, 263, 289, 329, 336, 343, 354, 364, 427' 496498, 505-507, 528, 529, 533, 538, 583, 592,616,626,756,757,772,774,775 RKos Ill CTIOapT (RKos-8ttyaptt, Ha3bi· saeMbiH), )'l'tep B 1766 r., Cb!H npellblllywero, KOpOAb AHrAHH B H3rHaHHH, KOpOAb lliOTAaHllHH, Ha3biBaeMbiH «IlpeTeHlleHTOM~ 497, 616, 633, 643, 756 RHceHHii (MOHCeHbOp KopHeAHH RHceH, Ha3biBaeMblH), }'Mep B 1638 r., enHCKOn 1-fnpCKHH, TeOAOr 94, 239, 240, 242, 243, 463,465,673,679,681,685,767

OrAABAEHHE llpoAor. ....... .. .. .. . . . . .... ..... . ...... . .. ................ . ..

r Aa a a

I. KOPOHAI(IDI AIO,l(OBHKA EOfO,l(AHHOfO .................... EecnOKOHHaJI HOqb HaKa.H)'He.............................................................................. «BOCbMoe Ta.HHCTBO>> .... ................ .. .... .. .... .. ..... ...... ............... ... .......... .... ........ .. ..... 0 BOnAOIUeHHH KOpOAeBCKOH BAaCTH. ...............................................................

9 9 11 13

r A a 8 a II. ,l(HT.H qy,l(A.................................................................................. ,l(OArO)K,IlaHHbiH HaCAe,!IHHK ................................................................................ fMepea npe.!IKOB.................................................................................................. HaCAe.liHHK KOpOHLI ......................... .. .... ... ........... .......... ..... ..... .. ....... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. . Francorum spes magna (BeAHKaa Ha,lle)KJla cppaHuyaoa) ................................ Heo6hNHOe aocnmaHHe ...................................................................................... 3.~:~opoabe: nepab1H cephe3HLrH cHMrrrOM ....... ............. .................. ..... ........ .. ......

16 16 19 22 25 29 33

r A aB a

III. fp A)K,l(AHCKAJI BORHA ........................................................ 37

0r O.liHOrO Kap.liHHaAa K .llpyrOMY. ....... ....... .. .... ........... .... ..... ........ ..................... 38 llp~HHLI 6eapaccy.~:~CTBa .................................................................................... OcHoaa KOHcpAHKTOB: crapaa <l>poH.lla .............................................................. <l>poH.lla no.~:~ npe.liBO.liHTeAbCTBOM KoH,lle.......................................................... CoaepweHHOAeTHe M.liOBHKa ...........................................................................

41 47 51 54

r Aa 8 a

IV. YPOKH <t>POH,l(hl ...................................................................... fepfiOBHHK MJITeiKHHKOB ..................................................................................... llapHiKCKHe Hey.~:~ofiCTBa ...... .. ........ .. ........................... ..... .. .. .. .. .. ..... .. ........ ........... OrKporrHe <l>paHUHH ...... ...... ........... ........................ .. .. ............... .. ........................ ,l(eTCKOH .!Iyme - T!lrOTbi B3pOCAOro ..... ............ ..... ...... .. .. .. .... .... ...................... .. Kor.~:~a ace KopoAeaCTBo crpeMHTCII K nopMKY ................................................

r Aa a a

75 76 80 83 85

V. OT BECT<t>.AAI111 ,l(O llHPEHEEB .......................................... 0cAa6AeHHe CasuneHHOH nMnepHH.................................................................... HcnaHcKoe ynopCTBo ... .. ...... .. .... ..... ..... .. .. .... .. ..... .... .. .. ......... .... ................. ........ .. . ,l(eHb weCTHa,!IUaTHAeTHero KOpOA!l................................................................... Tllit<eAOe aa6oAesaHHe KOpOA!l a Map.~:~HKe ...................................................... Bropoe nyTeWeCTBne no panunn .... ... ........... .. .. ......... .. .. ...... ......... .... ... ..... .. .... HecKOA~>KO KoHKpeTHLIX ypoKOB ........... ....... ... .......... .. .... ......... ...... .. .. ..... ..... ...... llopa :JKeHHTb KOpOA!l.. .. ...... ..... ......... ...... .. .. .. ... .... .. .... ... .......... .. .. .. ................... ... llnpeHeiicKHH MHP ............................................................................................... HcnancKHii 6paK ..................................................................................................

60 64

66 69 72

91 95 100 103

fA a a a VI. BOCCTAHOBAEHI1E fOCY,l(APCTBA ................................ 107 .AJo,aOBHK - nOAHOBAacTHbiH KOpoAb ................................................................ 107 Q AIO,!IJIX H KOAAerHJIX ......................................................................................... 110

OrAABAEHHE

811

Y)K H 6eAKa .........................................•..............•................................................. YcosepweHCTBOBa.HHe coee-ra ............................................................................. MliHHCTpbl H MHHHCTepCKHe COKOAhi ..............................•.................................. Ilpe,lleAbl BAacTH KOpO.I\JI ...........................................................................•........ YKporueHHe .liBOpliHCTBa ......................•..............................................................

115 120 122 125 130

r )\a B a VII. MOHAPXI-UI EE3 Y3 ································································ 06)"1eHHe BeAHKOrO HaCAe,!IHHKa ....................................................................... «CeKpenr KOpOAeBCKOH 8.1\aCTII» ....................................................................... 1661-il- ro.11 o6paauosbm ................................................................................... A6coAIOTHaJI MOHapXHJI ........................................................................•.•............ Ilo.liKpeOAeHHe 6o)KeCTBeHHOro npasa ......................................... ... ... .....•......... BepxoBHaJI BAacTh H ee rpaHHUbi ................................................. .. ...........•........ Ilpa.KTH'IeCKHe orpa.mNeHHJI a6coAIOTHoH BAaCTII ................................•..........

135 136 137 141 143 144 146 148

r Aa2 a

VIII. BPEMR PEOPM ...................................................................... KoAh6ep, MHHHCTp Ha see p)'KH ...........................................•............................. Op.liOH3.HCbi H YCTaBbi .......................................................................................... Ocse,~~OMAJIThCJI, npe)K.lle 'leM ,lleHCTBOean...................................................... H osaa CHCTeMa cpHHascoe .................................................................................. [(eAh H cpe.liCTBa ...... .... .... .. ......... ...... ...... .....•... ...................... ..•..... ....... ... ............ nOAbWHe Ha.lle)K.llbt.......... ..... ... ... .. .. .................... ...... .... ............... ... ...... .... ....... .. .. HeO.liHOSHa'IHble peayAbTaTht.............................................................................. IlapH)KCKaJI fiO.I\HUHJI ........................................................................................... fpo6HHua KoAb6epa ..........................•..............................•..................•...............

152 153 156 160 162 165 168 172 175 179

r )\a B a IX. KOPO~OAH[(E ···································································· HacrOJIIUHH KopoAh- scer,11a CoAHUe .............................................................. Ilo'IHTaHHe, nponaraH.~~a H na-rpHOTIISM. ..... ......... .... .................... ... ....... .... ....... BoaHarpa)K.lleHHe AHTeparopaM.......................................................................... BeAHKHe ,lleJIHHJI ................................................................................................... .!\yep. ,l(Bopeu KYAhT)'J>bi .................................................................................... bapOKKO H K.l\aCCHUH3M .. ........... .... .......................................... ............................ 3epuaAo MOHapxa ................................................................................................

182 183 185 187 190 196 200 205

r A a a a X. 3AiiABhl BO.l\lliEEHOrO OCTPOBA .................................... ,l(Bopeu AAKHOHhi (6- 13 Mall 1664 r.) .....•....................................................... EAarosocmrraHHLIH 'leAOBeK .............................................................................. DAHSKHe .11pyabJ1 Kopo.I\JI.... .. .. .... .. ........ .......... .... ........ .. ..... .... .. ............... .............. Ilpaa.!IHHKH H aa6asbt...............................................................•........................... 0r O.liHOro 3aMKa K .llpyroMy ...... .............. .......... .........•....................•...........•..... HaHa'laAbHbm BepcaAb..................................................................•.....................

208 208 214 217 220 224 227

fA a a a XI. I1 HA COAH[(E ECTh IUITHA ............................................... EecCAasHbri"i npouecc. ......... ........ .. ......•... .. .. ....................... .... ............... .. ............. KpeCThJIHCKHe 6ecnopll.liKH .... .... .. .... .. ...... .......... ...................•.........................•... KopoAb H «JIHCeHHCThi» •... ........ ......... ............... ..........•........................................ KopoAh H «JIHceHHaM» ...........•...................................•.......................•.....•......•.••. He-repneAHBbte .lleHCTBHJI KOpo.I\JI................................................•.•.•......... .....•... [(epKOBHbrH MHp BO <l>p3.HUHH ..........................•.........•..............•.............. ... .......

232 232 236 239 242 246 250

or.1\ABAE.HHE

812

r A a a a XII. OPYJKM.E KOPOJVI .................................................................. RBHaJt cHAa: apMHJI ....................................... ............................................... ........ Taii.Hoe op)"'<He: soeHHo-Mopci<OH ¢AOT ........................................................... EOAbWHe Kopa6AH H ra.Aepbi .............................................................................. 9qxpeKTHBHOe Op)"'<He: ,liHilAOMaTHSI ... ............................................................ AKTD1 BeAHKOAeOHR ..............................................................................................

256 256 261 264 267 270

r A a B a XDI. «CAABHhiE /l:EAA>>................................................................. 273 CHAhl BTOp:~KeHHJI... ............ .................................................................................. Ilpaaa KOpOAeBbi HAH npaao CHAbHOro? ............................................................ «KopoAD wyTll aax:san.mae-r <l>AaH.llpHIO» ......................................................... «,ll;opora 'leCTH» ................................................. .. .. ............... ................ ...... ...... .. .. HeHa6e:IKHblii KOHcpAHKT .................................... ........... ....... ..... .......... ................ Praevians victoria (YKaabmcuou.tHH nyn. K no6e.z~e) .......................................... Ilpwco.z~ K BAacrn BHAI>reAbMa OpaHcKoro....................................................... CAaaa KopoA.ll H ero KyaeHoB.............................................................................. BoRHa Ha Mope H Ha cywe ................................................................................... feHT, HAH MOAHHeHOCHaJI BORHa ......................................................................... CAaaa HHMBereHa ................................................................................................

27 4 277 280 284 286 288 291 293 297 300 304

r A a Ba

307 308 311 314 317 323

XN. AlOEOBh, 11AAI03HM 11 KOA,ll.OBCTBO ....................... BpeMll AJ06BH........................................................................................................ IlAeMJI yaaKOHeHHDIX ........................................................................................... 0r CKCIH,llaAa .110 crpOHTeAbCTBa ......................................................................... HoBaJt oxOTa sa BeAI>MaMH.................................................................................. Man. .z~e-reu Qeaapll BHe no.z~oapeHHH ................................................................

r A a Ba

XV. fOAOBOKPY)KFJflffi OT IIEPEMHPMR ............................ Me'ITaA AH Aio.z~oBHK o6 YHHBepcaAbHOH MOHapxHH?..................................... 3a60Ta o rpaHHUe ................................................ ~ ............................................... 9nH.z~eMHJI npHcoe.z~HHeHHH .................................. ........ ................. ......... ............. XoAO.ziHaJt BORHa .................................................... ..... ........ ........... .................... .. ,ll;BycMbiCAeHHocn. nepeMHpHJI .............................. .... ........ .................................

327 327 331 334 338 341 Ilpecrn:~K <l>paHUHH .............................................................................................• 344 ,lJ;aAeKHe MOpJI, ,llaAeKHe 3eMAH .......................................................................... 348 faAAHKaHCKaJI AHXOpa,liKa................................................................................... 350

r Aaaa

XVI. AIO,ll;OBMK 11 EfO CAYfl1 .................................................. 'lecn. CAY:IKH'fb ............... .... .•..... ........ ................................................................... fopHHAo CAY:~K6bl ................................................................................................. 'lero KOpOAb )K.zleT OT Bac ........................................... ......................... ............... 'ITO KOpOAb ,llaeT . .. .... .. ......... ......................................... ...... . ... ... ........ .................. IloCAe,liOBaTeADHaJI CHCTeMa B03Harpll)K.rleHHH.................................................

355 355 357 360 366 370

r A a B a XVII. BHYTPEHHME 3ABOEBAHMR ........................................... TpH.auan. Ha3Ha'leHHDIX KOMHccapoB ................................................................ 3a,lla'la: aaaoeBan. H coxpaHHn. sa co6oii HOBble npoBHHUHH ....................... Tpy.z~ KopoA.ll Hero cnO.ziBH:IKHHKOB ................................................................... 06pa30BaHHe H UHBHAH3auHJI ....................... ............................... ...................... 3Ha'leHHe IlapH:~Ka ...............................................................................................

376 378 382 385 390 393

OrAABAEIDIE

813

06mecrBeHHoe HacrpoeHHe .............................................. .......... .. .. ............. ....... 399 CAa6ocn. onnoaHUHH...•....................................................................................... 403 fA as a XVlll. ~OP OBOCHOBhiBAETCR B BEPCAAE ...................... BH.aHMaJI encreMa t~sopa ... .................................. ..... .................... ...•................ ... 06 aTHKe-re H npasHAax xopowero TOHa ABOpa .........................•..................... TipHH)')K.lleHHH H yt~OBO.i\bCTBHJl .......................................................................... CnynmKH KopoAA-CoAHUe ................................................................................. TpaTI>! H peHTa6eAbHOCTb...........................................................................•......•.

407 408 412 416 418 424

r )\a B a

XIX. OBPA3hl BEPCAAR ································································ C-rpoii:Kn Ano.I\.I\OHa ..........•............................•......................................•.............. Kort~a KOpoAb oeMa-rpHBaeT esoH eat~bi ............................................................. 8eKat~pa 60AbWOI'O KaHa.l\ll .. ................ ............ ..........•..................... ...•... ........... KpaeOTI>I aaMKa •......•.... ................... .............. .............. ............... ..... ..................... Paenpe.lleAeHHe speMeHH KOpOAA ......... ............. .............................................. ... BercrBo s MapAH ............ .....................................................................................

426 426 429 434 436 440 444

fA as a XX. HABOJKHOCfh KOPOJ\JI ...................................................... CAasOCAOsne H eyma.~~ npas.11a ....................................... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....... ......... ,lJ;asH.a H M.llOBHK CsJITOH npOTHB Ano.I\.I\OHa H IOOHTepa .. ......................... «HHTepeebi H e6a>o. .............................................. ................................................. TepaaHHII oparopna.HUes ..................................................................................... lleTKO npe.llHa'lepTal!HbiH nyn. Ha60)K}{0H )K}{3HH ...........................................

448 449 454 458 462 466

r A as a

XXI. PEAMI1103HOE fAilliCTBO, HAUHOHAAbHOE FAIDiCTBO .................................................................. H eHasncn. K epeen .............................................................................................. TipeCAe.llOBaHHe epeTHKOB ................................................................................... Kro OTBeTcrBeHeH 3a aKTbi 1685 ro.11a? .............................................................. lly.11eca yeep.llW! .................................................................................................... Bo3MO)K}{O AH 61:>1.1\0 )'MepeHHoe peweHHe? ................ .... .. .... .... ......................... Hrorn OTMeHbi HaHTCKoro 3.llHKTa..................................................................... HeKrut<eHHe HCTHHbi ................ ........................ ...... ..... ....... ... .......... ... .......... .........

r )\ a B a

472 474 476 481

484 486 489 491

XXII. ,n;EC.Sl'I1iAE11UUI BOHHA .................................................. 495

Tiat~eHHe

J!Kosa ll ................................................................................................ Espona npOTHB <l>paHUHH .................................................................................... llepe.11a no6e.11 ............................ .......... ..... .. .................. ........................ .... ... ....... .. fn6eAb s orne 3CKaApbi s 6yx-re Aa-Yr ............................................................. «MopeKOH cpAOT 80 seeM esoeM 6AeeKe» .................................... ...... .. .. ...... .. .... BoiiHa Ha nexot~e .................................................................................................. CaH-,lJ;oMHHrO H 8Ab3ae.......................................................................................

496 499 501

fA as a XXIII. TICHXOAOfHlJECKAR BOlliA. ...................................... Bee Byp6oHbl Ha cppoHTe .................................................................................... Kor.11a PecpopMa nponoset~ye-r Kpecrosb!H noxot~ ........................................... ...KaTOAHKH $paHUHH OO.ll.ll.ep)K}{BaiOT esoero KOpOAA ................................... A 66a-r t~e ct>eHeAOH o6pawae-r Ha ee6R BHHMaHHe ............................................ BoAbwaR Mo6H.I\HaauW! .......................................................................................

524 524 528 531 534 538

505 511 515 519

OfAABAEHM:E

814

fA a a a XXIV. KOPOAh T AKOB, KAKOB OH ECfh .............................. 543 Ero npOCTbie H JICHbie pe'IH ................................................................................. 544 KopoA.b H ero .apyabll...... .. .. ........ .. ............ ...... .. .. .......... ... .... ....... .. ................. ..... . 546 KopOAb H ero spa'IH............................................................................................. 550 XsaAa KHTaHCKOMY nop-rpe-ry. ............................................................... ............• 557 .1\.eHHBbxH 'IHTareA.b .. .. .. ........ .. .. ............................ ... .................... ...... ...... ..... ..... ... 558 IlpHBeTAHBbiH KOAAeKUHOHep ............................................................................ 563 HeKopoaoaaHHaJI KopoAeaa BepcaAJI .. .............. ... .... .. ...... ..................... .. ...... .... 566 HHwa MapKH3bl.lle Memeaoa ............................................................................ 570 Ilop-rpe-r-~ce ........................................................................................................ 573

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XXV. MEIDIETCR J\.11 <t:>PAHL(l-UI?.............................................. lloH.ayr AH .aeAa xy'~<e? ............. ................. ..... .... ......... .. .... .. ..... .......... ................ Boaaarpa'l<.lleHHJI aa aaCAyrn H noBbiWeHHe B paare yaaKoHeHHblx .aereii .... llepe'IHCAeHHe YMepwHX a Ilop-PoHAe..........................................................•... <<KOpOAb XOTeA 6bi, BOnpeKH BCeMy, BH.IleTb CBOH aapo.a 6oAee C'iaCT-

581 582 587 591

AHBb!M» ••••• .•.. ..••••••..••.....•. •. ... •••••.. ••••. •••.. .• . •••. •••..•.•.•••. •. •. •••••. ••••••••• .• .• . . .• .• .• .• • . . . .. .• .•• 593 llo.a.aaHHble Ero BeAH'ieCTBa H HX MHOropaarosOCTb ......... ...... ....................... 596 KopoAeBCTBO repuora EypryH.llcKoro .. ...... ............. .. .. .... .. ................................. 599 flo6e.aa HOBblX a.BTOpOB HM .llpeBHHMH ........................................................•.... 601

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XXVI. H CilAHCKOE HACJ\E,li;CTBO.............................•............ «HHKOr.aa He HMO npo.aaaaTb WKYPY aey6HTOro Me.aae.all» •....•...•................• .1\.0BKHH XO.Il .......................................................................................................... Espona OnliTb B CMJITeHHH.......................................•.......................•................... CoonmweHHe cHA.•.•....•.................................................................•...............•..... illaTKoe paBHOBeCHe .....•...................................................................................... «Hec'iaCTAHBble .llHH» ........................................................................................... «fpoaaall aHMa» (1709) ........................................................................................ Bpar OTBepraeT Map.............................................................................................

608 608 611 615 617 621 625 628 632

r A aBa

XXVII. llPOEY)K,li,EHHE <l>PAH[(HH .......................................... 06paweHHe 12 HIOHJI ........................................................................................... Ha.ae'l<.lla aapo'l<.llaeTcll BHOBb B MaA.bfiAaKe .................................................... Boa.aaJIHHe 'IeeTH .ao6AeCTHbiM noAKOBO.IlUaM, norepneBIUHM aey.aa'IH ....... Ewe HH'Iero ae Bbmrpaao .... .. .... .... .. ...... .. ...... .. .. .... .................. .... .. ............ ...... ... Ka'l<.llbiH 6y.ae-r nAaTHTb HaAOr .......................................................................... BHA.bliBHcbOCa ... .. .... ........ .. .. ..... .... ...... ............... ............. ..... .. .. ........ ..................... EHTBa aa ATAaHTHKY .......................................................................................... ,ll;eaeH ................................................................................................................... MHpHoe yperyAHpoaaHHe ................................................................................... florepH H BblfO.Ilbl ... .. .... .... .. .. .. .. ........ .... .... .. ... ..... .... ... .. .. .... .. .......... .. .. .......... .......

637 637 639 644 648 651 654 656 662 666

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673 673 67 5 679 683 686 691 693

XXVIII. .l1CllbiTAHIDI, OillHEK.l1, HA,lJ;E)K,ll,hl ..................... CnpeHbi nauH<!JHaMa ........................................................................................... H enoKopeHHble a «IlyCTbiHe» ............................................................................. PaarpoM Ilop-PoJIAJI.. .. ...•.... ......... ................................... .. .. ... .... .......................... flOCAe.amUi .ayxOBHHK .......... ....... .. ..... .......... .............. .. ........ ................... ... .......... CMepTb -rpex aacAe.aHHKOB ..... .... .. .. ... ... .. .. ............... ..... .......................... .... ..... .. EyAAa «Unigenitus» .............................................................................................. OTcTaaKa ae,\HKOro KaHuAepa... .................. .... ... ... .. .. ............ ................... ........

669

OrAABAEHHE

815

...BAy)I(AaHRJI CTaporo KopoAJJ ....................................................................•....... 695 Pecypcbl BeAHKOH CTpaHhi . . . . .. .... .. . . .. .. . . . . . .. .. .. .. . . .. ... . ... .. .. .. . .... ... .. .. .. . .. .... . .... ...... •.• 699

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XXIX. KOPOAb YMMPAET........................................................... «CTapble 3.llaHRJI MOIJ'T 6biTb KpenKKMH, HO He MOI)'T CTaTb HOBblMH» .. ........... ................................................ .. ..... .. .. .. .... TaK YMHpaiOT BeAHKHe KopoAH .......................................................................... «T aK YMHPaH lKe! KoJNHHa TBO.II MHpHa.ll, H AOAr BbmOAHeH» ................................................................................................ BpeMeHHoe ypasHHBa.HHe cMepTbiO ....................................................................

702

719 719 723 727 731

as a XXX . ...A fOCY,l(APCTBO OCTAETC..H ...................................... HeKOTopoe npe.acraBAeHHe o rocy.aapCTBe ....................................................... HHCTHT)'UHOHHOe rocy.aapCTBo ........................................................................... TpHYMcp nparMaTH3Ma ........................................................................................ focy.aapCTBO- 9'1"0 (t>pa.HUH.II..•.•.•••••.... •..•..•.••.••.••.• •••.•.•.•••.•.•••••••••.•......•••....•...•.•

703 708 714 718

3AKAIOlffiiDffi. NEC PLURIBUS IMPAR (BbiWe Bcex AIOAeH Ha CBeTe) ............................................................................. 735 CcbJAKH H npHMe'laHH.II ....................................................................................... IlpHAOlKeHHe 1 .................................................................................................... IlpHAOlKeHHe 2 .................................................................................................... AAcpasHTHbm YKa3aTeAb ....................................................................................

742 757 778 781

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lSBN 586218263-2

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