Новый Солдат. № 186

Page 1


J: /1CtJU/ICKilii tUIKtllleJY'f}eJ i)ocneX06

2: HcnaucKuit orfm~ep 3: #CII{IHCKilii 1/ICIUI


Hullmo maK He o6'bRCimem HacmORUf,ee, KaK 3HaHue npoumozo ••• lloJZu6uu

I I I eno

MaR

1588 r.

HoeaJ/IIJllfJOBUI/1/0e llJ06pa JICeiiUe l{eppuKOJI1 UfJJ11/Ill ua .MapUle.

B oeilcmBlllll eJ/biiOCIIIll

apA111R TwiJopo«

(J

HpJtauiJuu 6btl/{l 11110-

XO BOOpy.JICeHa II 3KllllllfJ06liiUI, JltiiOZUe COJ/O{llllbl 60IIe.Jill, llfJOl(Beiii(IJIU KOfJfJJ'Ill(liR. )/(uJ IIb COJ/0{1111{1 6 llOXOOe 6bli/U )'JIC{ICIIOii, UfJIIUfiOl(bl aenu 6ecllOIU,a iJHytO JwpmuJaucKyw aoiiuy, u e UAteawyto uu•tezo o6u(ezo c uiJeaJ/113UfJOfUIIIIIOii KapmllllKOii. ~

BOEHHO-HCTOPHIIECKHII AJILMAHAX HOBblii

CDAAAT

N!! 186

AnhMauax " Con)laT" Bhm ycKacTCH ApTeMOilCKIIM aoeHHO-IICTOP"''ecKUM KJ1y60M " B crcpau" JIJIH 'IJieuos K11y6a JJP06 1575 OT 03.04.98 1. Pc11aKTop: K uccneu B . H., ~' '"COIIJta l ' ',

Tupa)IC

2002

400 )K"J.

P C!t3 KI \IUI IIC IICCCT OTBCTCTBC IIIIOCT I I ".HI M aTCpHan bl, n pCllOCTa8JICIIIIl>IC a n rop aMU. 0 T fiCLJf l1 3 11 0 B T111 101 ·pa<~m1 "K1111 ra", r. ApTCM OI}CK,

yn. l.fanacua, 24


BBCJlCIIHC

8 1558 r. 6naronap» 6paKy Ha Map1111 T IOnop ct>HnHnll

II

l1c-

naiiCKIIH cTaJI KoponeM A 11rm111. 8 TOM )l(e rony Map11» T10nop yMepna, a 1!3 <lllrJII1H CK11H T p 0 11 BCTY fii1 Jl3 CC CBOI.lll 3H CCCTpa EJ111"33BCTa. En11"3aBcTa, xOT» 11 6 b1IIa npoTcc-rauTKOi1, 11 0 11a•.wny COXp311HJI3 I.lpy)I(CCTBCIIIIbiC OTI!OWCHI151 C K3TOJII1LICCKOi1 l1cnaHI1CH. DonhiTKH ¢11JIHIIIIa n oJJ.LII1HI1Th ce6e MOIIOJlYIO KoponcBy ycncxo:-.1 HC yseHLi am1Cb. Cnycn1 30 neT I1cna111111 np11 WJIOCb noCJiaTb n pOTI1B AHrnHH Kp yn11ei1 w 11i1 nm1 Toro speMCIII1 ~moT. KaK )I(C ~!Of n p01130HTI1 T3KOH p C3K I·lH llOBOpOT I1CTOp1111? Ha 11p0T51)1(CHI111 BCCfO 0011CblB3CMOf0 n Cp110t \3 WOTJiaii,!ICKail Koponcsa MapHH CT1oapT J1a s11posana MC)I(AY l1c uaHHei1, ct>palll\11CH 11 A Hn 111 ei1. K aK HpaBHYLIKa fellp11xa

V II

0 11 a s ma-

3ax Ka-!OII 11KOB 11MCJ!a 60IIbiJJC npas Ha aHrJI11HCKI1H Tp011, HC)I(CIII1 EmnaseTa. O .aHaKo OHa 6biJia )I(CHOH cppaHUY3CKOro KOponH ct>pallHCKa

II.

Cmo3 AHrJIHH 11 eDpa11q11H CTan 6bl KaTacTpocpoi1

.n.n11 Vlcnaiii1H. DoJTOMY eDHn11n11 II npoAOJI)I(an npy)I(HTb c En113aseTo~i. Korna s 1560 r. yMep eDpaHU11CK, Map1111 sep11ynacb B

W onl all/ \1110, 11 ee BIII1HIII1C so <DpaHUH11 COIIIIIO K " YJIIO. T en epb VfCIIa iiHSI p aCCMaTp11 BaJia UJOTJi aiiJ.lCKYIO KOponesy KaK o pyll11C, C riOMOillbiO KOTOporO M0)1(110 6biJIO C6II I1311TC51 C A HfJI 11CH npOTI1 B ct>palll \1111. H o Map11H noscna cso11 x noMallllbix-KaJlbBI11!HCTOB J.IO 6yuTa, 11 s 1568 r. ei1 npmunocb 6e)l(aTb B AI I rJli1IO. 8 TOM )I(C rony nsa co6biTI1H pe3KO yxy.nw11n u oniOweHH» MC)I(!IY A Hrii Hei1 11 l1cnaHI1C~i. A ll riiHHCKI1H Kai!I1TaH ,ll,)I(OH Xo-

K~II I3 OOBCJI HCCaHKUH01111pOBaHHYIO TOprOBIIIO pa6aMI1 11a TCppwrOpHH 11cnaHCKI1X KOIIO IIHH s AMepHKe. B 6yxTc Cat~-XyaH1\C- YJIOa 3CKa,llpy XOK11H33 aTaKOB3II 11C!laHCK I1H cpi10T. 3CKanpa

aJu!ll/1111 11 HcnaucKttii nptUJllll ae.rm•uu'imeii 6 u cmopuu u.M-

« yeouueuuo.M

6b1Jia pa3rpOMJICHa, HCMIIOf0411CJICHHbiC YUCIICBW11C 1<0pa6n11 CJIC

nepueii, 110 6e.rt o6ptn :JICl/31111 ,,w,uLXa, :JICIWR

n o6pan11cb .uo 6eperoB A Hrn11 11. TcM speMel!eM lppa HUY3CK11e Ka-

060fJI(e. Ka.MnaiiUR 1588 z. 0311tLiteuoaww co6oii anozet'i .11ozy-

n epbl aTaKOB3JIH 11Cll3HCKyiO JCKaJlpy, BC3WYIO 30JIOTO BO ¢ IIaH-

U{ecm6a (/)u!lunna.

Ap1110 llJISJ nnaThl HcnaHCK11M c on.uaTaM . 3cKan pe npHUIIIOCb yK-

YKll0/1110 COKfJUlt{UJ/OCb.

pbiTbCSJ s nopTy eDoi1 B K op11yonne. BhJHCili1B, LITO 30 HOTO Ha

B OUJ/bllelillle.M .lltOZytt{eCm6o H cnauuu u e-

JI11Cb B COCTOH111111 BOHHbl. AHrJl i1HCKI1C Kanepbl HaLiaJI 11 aKTI1B-

6opTy KOp a6nei1 np11HaJlJIC)I(I1T rcHy::>3CKHM 6allKHpaM, En113a-

Ilbi C nci-ICTBI1H s HosoM CseTe. 8 cpespane 1587 r. B AHrn1111 6 biJia

s eTa np11K33ana KOilljJI1CKosaTb ero. OcTasw11ecS! 6e3 )l(anosaHbll

K33Hella M api1JI C TIOapr, TaK KaK o6Hapy)l(.l1nacb ee npM LiaCTIIOCTb

11Cfi 3HCK11C COJ1,!\3Tbl B fOnJiaH,[\1111 ri0,!\H51JII1 MHTC)I(. 8 OTBCT ¢11-

K 3aroso p y npOTI1B En113aseTbi.

JII1flfl npHK33aJI KOHcpHCKOBaTb al!r.Jli1HCKI1C KOpa6JIH BO cpnaMaH-

I Ia

npoT»)I(eHHI1 lleCKOJi bKI1X JJeT

COBCTH I1 KI1 npe.unaraJII1 C()11JI11rlfiY I1p0BCCTI1 M3CC11pOBaHHYIO

)J.CK11 X nopTax. TaK H3Lianacb pacKpyLII1BaTbCSI cn11p an b spa)I()J.hl

onepau1110 npOTHB AHrn1111. Tcn epb Koponh BI1SIJI 3T11M npellJIO-

MC)I()J.y JJ.BYMSI CTp aHaMI1.

)I(CHI1SIM . 8 eponoMHaSI epeTH4Ka En 113ase-ra AOJI)I(Ha 6blna OTse-

8 1572 r. EnH3aBeTa 1!3LI3Jia OK33b!B3Tb ronnaH)J.I111 HeOcp11-

T I1Tb 3a CBOI1 3JIOJ1CSIHI1SI!

UH3JibHYIO fiOMOll.\b. 8 fOIIJ13H,l\1110 np116blii nepBblH a~IriiHHCKHH A06pOBOJibLICCKHH non K. 0AHaKO p e3HH cppaHqy3CKHX npoTecTaH-

HcnancKwe nJJaHbt BTO p ~KeHw n

TOB B 8apcpOI10MCCBCKYIO 110 % 060CTpHJia OTHOWCHI1H MC)I()J.y AHrmtei1 11 eDpaHU11ei1, s pe3yJibTaTe A HrJ111SI c Hosa c6n l1311nach

C1>11n 11nn paccMa-rp11san ABa sap11aHTa sro p )I(CHI1SI s A11rJI1110.

c l1cnaH.HCH. 8npo4eM, AHrni1SI npO.UOJDKHJia fi0MCP)I(.I18aTb ron-

n naH a)J.M11pana CaHTa-Kpyca npe,llycMaTpHBaJI cpopM11pOBaHHC

JiaH,[\1110. 8 1578 11 1580 rr. 11CflaiiCKaH apM11S! BhJCa)I(.I1BaJ!aCb B J1p-

CaMOCTOllTCJibHOfO cpnoTa o6mei1 411CJICHHOCTbiO 556 KOp a6nei1 ,

JiaH)I}fH, HO o6a p33a repnena n op3)1(eHHe. 8 1580 r. <Dpe1ICI1C ,ll,peiiK

B TOM LI~ICJIC 18 0 6oeBbl X r3J1COHOB 11 40 ranep, a TaK)I(C 200 fiJIOC-

3asepw11n csoe KpyrocseTHoe nyrew ecrs11e 11 np116biii s AHri1H10,

KO)J.OHHbiX ACCaHTHbl X KOpa6neJ1 , KOTOpblC HCCJII1 6bl Ha 6opry

np11BC3H B Tp!OMC 3axsa<JCHIIbiC y 11C!laHqCB COKpOBI1ll.(a.

30000 MaTpOCOB 11 65000 COJit\(lT, a Tal()l(e BOChMHMCCH'IHbiH 3a-

IToni1TI14eCKI1H 6anaHc pe3KO H3MCH11IICH B 1580 r., KOrAa

n ac npOBI1311 H. TaKaH o n c pau.J1JI o6omnacb 6bl K331!C s LICTbipe

<D11n11nn Vlc uaHCKHH nocnan cso11x con,llaT s DopTyran1110. 3ax-

MI1JIJI110Ha JlYK3TOB - CYMMa paSHaS! TpeM C riOJJOBHHOH fO,l\aM

saTI1B ITopryranHIO, I1c na111111 np116pana K pyKaM Tal()l(e MHOro-

p a6oTbl s cex 30JIOThiX 11 cep c6p»Hh1X p yJJ.HHKOB Hosoro Cse-ra.

'111CJICHHble nopryraJJbCKHe KOIIOHI111 11 nopryranbCKI1H aTJJaHTI1-

OwenOMIICHHbiH 3TOi1 CYMMOH, Cl>11n11nn oTsepr nna H. 8 Ha<JaJJe

'ICCK11H cpHOT. 8 OTBCT ct>paiiU11H BTOprnaCb B 6hiBWHC nopryranb-

1586 r. np11HU D apMCKHH, KOMa HAYIOll.\11H 11cnaHCKOH apM11eii so

CK11C KOJJOHHI1 , HO B 1582 r. 11 c n aHCKHH a.u~11pan CaHTa-Kp yc

eDJi aHJlpHH npellJIO~Hn nnaH ncpc6poc KH qepe3 Jla-MaHw 35000

p a3611n ABa cppaHUY3CKI1X cpnoTa np11 A3opax 11 Tepcei1pe. Ha

l1CWI1X 11 500 KOHHhiX COJI)laT 3a O)lH)' HO% riO)l np11Kpb1T I1CM 25

BOJHie ycnexa, CaHTa-Kpyc npellJIO)I(.I1II BbiCa)J.I1Tb necaHT s AH-

60CBbi X KOpa6nei1 . 3TOT TIJlaH 6bi JI SI BHO asaHTIOpHbiM, ll03TOMY

r.Jll1 11 . 1-l o onepau11» noTpc6osana 6bi CIIHUIKOM 6onbUJI1X .ueHer,

erO TO)I(C OTBCpfi111. T eM He MCHee, ,1\Ba 3TI1X n naHa ynanOCb CKpe-

KaKHX B 11Cfl a HCKOH K33 ~1 C HC OK333J10Cb.

CTHTb, C03JlaB riJJaH, HC CTOJib p 330p11TCJibHblH llJISI K3311bl. H o -

Y611i1cTBO 811n hrenhMa OpaHcKoro 11 n3,!\CHI1C AMcTepnaMa

Bbi H n na11 TO)I(C 6blJI npeHCllOJlliCH TPYAHOCTeH , HO :no 6biJI I1

3aCTaBHJIO AHrJUIIO y)l(e OTKpbiTO OTnpaBHTb B fOJIJi aH)J.I110 ap-

opraHI13aUHOHHbie T PYJlHOCTI1 .

l\-11110 '1 11CIIeHHOCTbiO 6 0 00 'lenoseK. AHrJI11H 11 l1 c na~II1H OKa3a-

2


I'

Eapolla, zoe f/JUJ/111111 II oo6U60J/CH 60ei/I/OZO II IIOJ/liii/U'leCKOZO ZOCIIQ()cll/6(1. llocmOH/11/{IH aoiiua 6 TOJ/J/(11/0 IIll, H(lll(IOeUUH aumuuc«ux, ppallt(yJCKux u zoJI!muoc«ux Kanepoa tUt u cnaucKue KOJ/OilllU 6 Hoao,lt C6em e, nooopaaJw 3KOHO.IIfll'tecKoe .lltOZyU{ecmao u,,mepuu. ITO IIOBOMY fiJJaHy 11CTiaHCKI1H cjJJJOT

C11Tyau1111, TOrJJ.a KaK apMa.o;a 3aHI1Manacb

CKI1M cpnOTOM, aHrJJHHCKall JCKa.D.pa B CO-

JJ.OJI)KCH 6biJJ COe.D.HIIHTbCll C apMHeH BO

33 J.UI1TOH KOMMYHI1Kai_(HH DO <DnaH.Up1111 11

CTaBe cjJp aHUY3CKOro cjJJJOTa HCMC.llJICIIIIO

~e

B

11Cpe6pOCKY

nepexnaTOM a HrrrHi1CK11X Kopa6nci1. TII1Cb-

Bbi WJJa 113 60ll H nocnewHna cKpbiThCll.

Yep e3 Jla-MaHW. 8 cpHHaHCOBOM OTHOWe-

MO 3aKaH 411D3JJOCb cppa:30H: «IlpefUITCTDI15!

JlCHCTBI1TCJibiiOCTI1, JTO 6b1Jl l1 TpaHCrtOpTIIbiC cyna, KOTOpblC H HC .ll.OJI)f{Hbl 6biJIH

<I)JJaH.D.p11H 11 o6ecne<J11Tb

HHH KOM 11pOM11CCHbiH nJJaH Tp C60DaJJ r o-

11 OTKJIOHCIII1ll, KOTOpble MoryT B03HI1K-

pa:3,ll,O MeHbW11X paCXO.UOD, DMeCTe C TeM,

HYTb (11, HCCOMHCHHO, D03HI1KHYT) CJJCJJ.y-

DCCTH 6oi1, HO 11CTiaHUbl 11CTOJIKOBaJJI1 JTO

apMHll DO <DJJaH.Up1111 110JJy4aJJa JJ.OCTaT04-

IOillHM JICTOM, 3aCT313JiliiOT HaC lla4aTb

C06bi TI1C 13 Cl3010 fi0Jih3y, 110C4HTaB, 4TO

HY10 n o.u.ucp)f{Ky. Koponh np1111l!JJ pewe-

rtpCJJ.np11liTI1C y)f{e D JTOM ro.o;y 110)1, yrpo-

aHrJJI14aHe JJ11WCHbJ 6ocsoro .uyxa.

HI1e 11 OT.uan Heo6xo.D.HMbie np11Ka.Jbl. B ee

30H oonHoi1 1-1ey.o;a411». K aK oKa3anocb,

pecypCbl HcnaHI111 6bJJJH HanpaDneHbi Ha

onepaU,HIO np11WJI0Cb nepeHCCTH Ha «CJIC-

Ka B KaAHC. 3Ta OTLJal!HHall onepaUHll no

ocyll.(eCTDJICHHe IU JaHa.

,D,yiOJ.UCC JICTO».

3aXBaTy O.UHOfO 113 BCAYI.UI1X 11CI1a11 CKI1 X

3Ty

11JJJJJ0311IO n owaTHyn pei1.D. ,Upei1-

J1cnaHCKall apMa.D.a )J,OJDKHa 6bina OT-

TIO-BI1JJ.I1MOMJ', <DHn11nn 11MCJJ onpcAe-

nopTOB, a TaK)f{e TIOCJJC.UYIOJ.Uall 6JJOKa):(a

BJJe4b Ha CC6ll aHrJJJ1HCKI1H cpnOT, OTTliHYD

neHHbJe 11JIJI1031111 OTHOCHTCJibHO npCJJ.CTO-

HCnaHCKoro no6epe)f{bll cepbe3HO Hapy-

ero OT npe.o;nonaraeMoro MCCTa DbiCa.UK11

llll.(CH KaMHaHI111. 01-1 paccMaTpHBan KaM-

W11JJI1 nnaHbl 11cnaHues. OT nposeneHI1ll

2 ceHni6pll

n a HHIO KaK CDoero po.ua KpecTODbJH noxo.o;,

necaiiTa 3HMOH

ap-·

1103TOMY 6biJI y6e)f{)J,CII B 60)f{CCTBCHHOM

3aT bCll. C JJeAyiOJ.UI1M y.uapoM cTana cMep-rb

Me. Ti o OUeHKaM 11CflaHCKOfO KOpOIIll rep-

co,D,ei1cTBHI1 npe,ll,npHliTI1IO. Ti oJTOMY OH

aAM11pana CaHTa- Kpyca. Ha ocso60.U11B-

I~Or MOr co6paTb B OcTeH)J,e nOpliJJ.Ka

lla;:J;CHJICll, YTO ,D,a)f{C 3 11MOH 6y.UeT CTOl!Tb

wcccll MeCTO lla3HaLJ11JJI1 rcpuora Mc;m-

30000 YCnone K. CaMa apMa)J,a Morna HeCTI1 16000 COJI.UaT, 113 KOTOpbl X 6000 MOr-

6naronpHliTHa $1 noro.ua. A HrJIHYaHe, KOTO-

Ha-CI1,D,OHI1IO. 8 HeKOTOpb!X pa60TaX MO)f{-

pb!e xopowo 6bJJJH ocsCJJ.OMJJCIIbJ o n oro.u-

110 HaHTI1 MIICHHe, 4TO repu,or 6b!Jl Tpy-

JI I1 yYaCTDODaTb D OnepaU,I1liX Ha cyme.

Hbi X ycnoBHli X s pai1oue Jla-MaHwa, no-

COM . 3To lie TaK . H 11KaKOH TpycocTH 3a

rep u,ora TiapMbL 8 fii1CbMe OT

1587 r. <DI1JJI1flfl 06bliCHI1JI CBOH !liiaH n

1587

r. 11p11WJI0Cb OTKa-

CaHTa-Kpyc .UOJJ)f{ell 6 bJJJ oo.useCTH apMa-

TYW11JJI1 Mal!KH Ha no6epe)f{be. <D11n11nn

repu,OfOM HC 3HaLJI1JIOCb, npOCTO JTO 6biJI

.uy K MI>Icy Mapr11T, 11oc.he LJero apMH ll

nonaraJJ, LJTO MHoroLmcncJiHbiH <pnoT yc-

31-laTHblH .UBOpliiiHI-1, IIOJIYLIHBWHHIIOCT He

TiapMbl IICMe)J,JieHIIO Ha411HaJJa nepe6pOC-

Tparni1T rtpOTI1 BiiH Ka 11 CMO)f{CT 6ecnpe-

33 BOCHHbie 3aCJJyrH, a 110 cjlaKTy CI30Cf0

KY LJepc3 Jla-MaHw. 8bJCa)J,I1BI1111Cb B AH-

11l!TCTBCIIIIO )J,o6paTbCll no MhJca MapmT.

6naropo,D,Horo npo11CXO)f{ACHI1ll. HccMOT-

rJI I1H , Ti apMa H341111aJI .o;eH CTDODaTb 110

Kor):(a 11CTiaHU,bl CTOJIKHYJJI1Cb C cppaHu,y3-

pll Ha see 11pOKOJibi no,D,rOTOBKa K onepa-

3


CpaJ1ceu11e 11p11 Tpeii6e,

1586,

6 Komopo''' £jJa6opum Kopone6bl Em13a6embt zpa£/J Jlecmep (cnpa6a) Obi!/ pt130IIm IICIIlUII(lt.MII. 3 m o

n opaJJceuue n o oop«an o p eny mat(ll/0 Jlecm epa 11 npll«eJIO K KoufjJJwKmy AteJICOy Anm u eii 11 Tonnau0 11eti, •1e 11 u e npe.MIIIIJ!tll 60 CIIO!Ib30 6lllllbCJI H CIIll/11111. ~1111 w na noJJ HbJ M XOAOM. C nHCOK Kop a6nei1 apMa.Ubl 11 o6opyt~,o-

re p ~O r fl apMa H3'!3JI ll0tl,f0T08KY K npet~,CTO.RUlCMY IlCC3HTY

83HHll, llOWCti,WCfO 113 ee OCH3 WCHHC, 6 b iJI ony6JIMKOB3H H llC-

8 cnmKHOH o6cT a HOBKe. 0cH08HOi1 cro TPYtJ.l lOCTbtO 6biJIO OT-

pe8C.UCII H3 HCCKOJibKO il3b!K08 C

~CJJbiO

ycTp3W HT b Bpar OB H

29 a u pen .R 1588 r . e r o apMHil 38042 1 KpOHbl. Hexs aTKa t~,eHer

cyTCTBHe ne11er. ITo coCTOiiH HJO Ha

800IlYWC811Tb COI03HHKOB.

Tp c6osana BbmnaT 8 pa3Mepe

npHBO.UHJJa K .l\C3epTHpCTsy. Do coo6ll.ICIIHJO caMoro flapMbi , a.u-

ApMHH BO <l>nan.npHH

1588 f ., OH MOT ll))HBJICYb K one17000 'ICJI08eK. no ti,3HIIbiM MCilHHbi - CHt~,OHHH y ITapMbJ 6bJJJO scero 17000 n exoTH IIJW B 11 I000 ncrKOH KOHHMU:hi, 33 ll3COB H3 ti,B3 MCCll~3 H 300 HC60JJbWHX J!Oti,OK ti,Jiil nepeB03KH. flapMa )!(3JI083JIC.R Ha llOCTOllHHOC HCAOIIOJJY'ICHHC .UCHCf. 31 iiH8apll 1588 r. OH n11can Kopomo: pccosa HHOMY K KOp OJIIO B M3pTC

p a ~HH TOJibKO

rep!Wf JlapMa 6bJJI BCJIJ1L13HWHM n OJIK080.UU:CM C8 0Cf0 BpeMCHH. Vlc n a HCK3.R apMM.R 80 <J:>JJ31Iti,))I1 H C411T3JI3Cb HCll06C.UHMOH.

B 8

coCTa8e apM1111 CJJY)l(11JJ I1 cont~,aTbl 113 pa3HbJX cTpaH E8ponbJ. apM11H HCll0Jib30B3JI HCb t(B3 Op f3HM33UMOHHblX np 11H ~ 11 ll3.

VlcnaH~bl , 11T3JibiiH~bl, WOTJI3 11.U~bl, 11 ))JI3 Htl,~bl 11 3 HfJII143HC CJJy-

)l(MJIH 8 COCT3BC TCpU11 H, COCTOiiBWHX 113

12

pOT WT3THOH 'IHC-

II oq)H~cpos, 219 nHKHHepos (nonoB1111a 8 .uocnexax, nonos 11Ha 6e3) 11 20 MywKeTepos, n116o II ocjn1~cpos, 224 apKe6y311pa 11 15 MYWKeTepos. J!l3 12 pOT llOJI IIOCTbiO OfHCCTpCJJbHb!M opy)l(HCM BOOpy)l(3JI 11Cb t~,se pOTbJ. TaKI1M o6pa30M , 8 Tcp~11 11 6bJJJO 2190 ni1KHHcpos, 448 aKpe6y3Hpos 11 230 MYWKCTepoa. Pory 803rJI38II5Jn Kan HTa ll, KOJICHHOCTbiO

250

'JenoseK Ka)l(.ua.R.

B

poTe 6hJJIO

Toporo conpOBO)l(ti,3JI Opt1,11H3peu:. KpoMe TOrO, B COCTaBe ))OTbl CJJY)l(I1JI I1 JlCHTCII311T, JIICI1 11, CCp)l(3HT, .1(83 6apa63Hllli1K3, Tpy6aY 11 no Kanpany 113

25

'ICJJOBCK p51,UOBblX.

HCMUbl, 6ypry lltJ.Ubl 11 B3JIJI11HU:bl QlO))MH))OB3JI11 IIOJIKI1 11 3 ti,CCiiTI1 pOT 110

300

'ICJIOBCK B K3)l(t1,0H (110JIOBHH3 CTpenKOB, ll0-

JIOBHH3 ll H KHIIC))OB).

8

COCTaBe «repM3HCKHX» pOT 6h1Jl0 ti,B3

MJ13.D.WHX CCp)l(311T3 B .ll.Oll0JIHCHI1C K KOM3H.D.HOMY COCT3By «11Cll3HCKHX» pOT. JlerKail KOIIIIH~a, COCTOiiBW3il H3llOJI0811HY 113 ynaH 11 113llOJIOBI111Y 113 KOHHbiX apKe6y3HpOB, QlOpM11 p083Jl3 JCK3t~,p0Hbl YHCJICIIIIOCTbiO

I 00

YCJIOBCK.

CJp <T>peu c11c J(petiK, n opmpem cOeJlllll n oCJle ezo Kpyzoc6em u ozo ny m etueC111«11Jt. /.(1111 IICIIlllll(e« J(p eiiK Obtfl KfJ06ll6bMt nllp a 1110Jit, ' I be tiJitll 6bt3bt 6UJto YJicac. H cmull(bt aepll! tu 6 1110, •11110 y /.(peiiKfl eCIIIb AWl 11 1teCKOe 3epKMO, 6 KOIIIOfJOJit 011 «110 11111 110!10.1/Cel/lle KliJICOOZO KOJlliOJ/11 6 Atllpe. /.(eUC111fJllllleJi biiO, /.(p etiK J .MeJI IUIIi lllll (I OIIIKJlbliiiOJII J110p e 00C1110il iiJ IO l{eJlb. llll llll ll

I 588 z. /l,p eiiK cy.11teJt

8

XOOe K((At-

nepex6amumb I IO«peJICOemlblli za-

neou Nuestra Sen ora d el R osari o. Xmmt 6

1588

z. /l,p etiK OIJI!l

IIIO!I bKO 6UU.e-liO.Itllflll!l0Jit, IICIIa lll(bl 6Cezoa Hll3bt6a!ll/ lllllflllliCKl lli pR0/11 «KO{JaO!IJ/.1111 /.(peiiKa>>.

4


. r:· I .c

.( J

.Y.J

~

c .rJ.\¥·Jl-.i~s

c' .rr .

.;,

( .lfC})ffl

Kaouc cmaJI o6ue«mo;u peiioa /l,peiiKa a ;uapme 1587 z. 3mom peiio npuaen « 31/a•mmenbiiOii omcpo•t«e ua•twta Ka.Mnauuu 1588 no6epeJtCbJI Jfcnanuu uapyumJlu ac1o cucme;11y J/Oli/Cmu«u, a pe:Jynbllwme ap;IUtOa u eOonony•mn a ueo6xoOu11tbtX npunacoa. 3 mo cepbe3uo ocnoJtcuJIJio OetlcmauJt ap;uaObt. Ha ape:JKe uJo6paJtceubt A1opc«ue ocmpoaa, zoe a 1582 z.

z. AeiicmauJt A petl«a y

Cauma-Kpyc oOep.JICllJI KpynuyiO II06eOy uao ppalll(JI3CKUJI1 pnOIIIOM. « ...JliO.llM 11 lleHhfH 11pH6bJBaiOT C 01103.UaHHCM npOHIB CpOKOB, y Ka3ami bi X B a wHM BenM'IeCTBOM. Oco6euuo rmoxo c HCn aHCKMMH COJJ,llaTaMH, KOTOpbie COCTaBlliiiOT OCIIOBy apMHH . .lJ:a)J{e Te, YTO 11pH6hTBaiOT B MOe paCilOflO)J{eTme, HaXO.ll51TC51 B CTOJih Y.IlPY'Ia!OwCM COCT05111HH, 'ITO HX HeKOTOpoe BpCM51 rrpMXO.llHTC51 npOCTO KOpMMTh, npe)J{llC YeM 0 1111 MOryT BCTaTb B CTpOH. Jhaflh51HUeB 11 repMai-IUeB BCe MeHbWe 11 MeHhWe, OHM ,D.e3eprHpy!OT ua Mapwc. Jl!x n pH XO.D.HTC51 nep )J{aTh no.u oxp a 1-1oi1, Huaye OHM p a36er aiOTCSI». TepUH51 .D.OJra AHTOHHO MaHpHKC YHcneHHOCTbiO BeK npH6bina 113 KaCTI1nHM B CyHHra- B

15 87 r. 0

1586

2000

'ICJJO-

r. , a -repu1151 .D.OHa AHTOHHO .ue

6c TCPUMM cpopMHposanH Cb c neuHan hiiO llllil

npe.n.cTo51wero sr op)J{CHM51 B A Hrii HIO. MHorMe connarbi y Mepn H BO BpeM51 llflHTeJJbHOrO nyrellleCTBH51 113 HcnaiiHH B ronnaH,D.HIO. T c, KTO y u enen11, 6bi JIH no cnosaM repuora n apM bl « cnoMneHhi 11 HCTow e llbm. 06hJ<JH0 HCilaHUbl H01306paHUCB OmpaBn51JIH Cfl~HTb 13 CeBepoacppHKaiiCKHe H 11TaJJb5111CKHe rap11 1130Hhl, f,D.C TC M0!1111 11pHo6peCT11 6aJOBbie HaBbiKH, npe)J{lle <JeM OTnpaBHTb HX Ha HaCT0511J.1Y10 nofury. Ho B cnyYae 11pC.D.CTomuei1 onepaui-11-1 npHwnoch u anpasn HTb 130 <DJiaH,D.pHIO HOB06paHUC13, KOTOpbie ewe IIHYero HC llOHHMaJJH B s oeHHOM .n.ene, a B HcnaHHH npc.n.aBanHCb TaHUaM. Bo <DnaH.IJ.PHH y KOMilfleKTOBaHHhle HOB06paHUaMH YaCTH nonyLJHJIM 11p03BHlliC Tercio de Ia Zarabanda - «raHuesaJihHM TCPUHH».

Mopuou c zp e6n l!.Jit (•tacmo muu6o'luo llfl3btaae.Jitbllt ucn an cKII.Jit AtOpuouo.llt}. Xom11 K

1588 z.

iJaiiHbtil tunoo C'lumancl! yc-

mapeautzut, ezo npoOoJtJtcanu tiOCUIIIb.

5


A3:

Kapa6uuep zparj){l 3cceKca

Kopa6u11epb1 (nempone.:w UJIU op2fliO!Ilbepbl) 6blJIU 0060J/bl10 liMb/A/ fJOOOAI 60iiCK. cPopMupMallue JCKaopott06 Kapa6unepo6 OCIIl06,7fL70Cb 6 eeoenuu ,\IU/)06020 CfObLI, KO,IIIl-'/eKII1060,7LI 1 /aCI/lLI 006p060.1blfO,IILI. Ilo::Jmo,lly onucanue Kopo6unepa mpyo11o 1/C/UIIlU, UX ::JKUI1UjJ06KC/ IIUKC/K lie CmC/110Cipr11U3UfJ06aJIC/Cb, KC/J!CC)b/Ll Oo6p060J/eLI ::JKU11Up06CL7Cfl no ceo~wy 6Kycy. Kapa6u11ep1>t 6oopy:Jtca:tucb 02Hecmpe.7bllbW opy:Jtcue.H, K lltt.,ll He npeOb51£L1ft.,70Cb mpe6oeaHue eecmu fJ)IK0/1C/UIIIbl£l 60Ll, 11031110AI)I OOC/leXU 1<Cipa6wtepo6 6butu o<tellb J1e2Kue. MemaJIRII•tecKutltta2pyOIIUK UJ7ll K)lp111KO C IIG!LIUIIlbi,\IU ,ltel/lO,ULI'IeCJW,\IU IL70CI/1U/10,1/U, 6pU2C/110Uf/O U UUle.lt. YuJ/bfWC ymeep:Jicoaem, 'IIIlO Kapa6u11epbl no 6oecnoco6Hocmu npeeocxooUJ/u f!e2Kyto KOIIIILUIJI. !lpu a maKe yKpenu6Uie20C51 npomu6JtuKa Kapa6unepbl ,1102.1u cnewumbcR u oet1Cm6oeamb KC/K nexomulllfbl.

B cpa-

Jtcenuu 0/IU cj;opA!U/)O(IC/,711 cj;.70112U K0/1/Ib/X 2pynn, npuKpblB051 cpnaJt20BbtM o211eM anwKy m51:Jtcenou KOitiiULfbl. Ecf!u mfi.Jtce.7051 KOIIIIU"fO npopb16tua cmpOL'i npomu6IIUKa u o6paufCLW e2o 6 6e2cmrm, Kapa6uNepbt 6e.w npeo?eOOf/tlltue. l-ieCMOT]J51 lla CBOIO BbiCOKYIO p enyraU.1110, 11CllaHCKa51 apM1151 BO <DnaH!lp1111 11Me -

na

p51!l npo6neM C 6oecnOC06HOCTbiO. flo-

CT051 HHble 3a)lep)f{KI1 )f{aJIOBaHb51 11p11BO!l11Jll1 K M51'fe)f{aM, KOTOpble nOCT051HHO HapyW3Jll1 nnaHbi flapMbi. )J,eHbrH 6bTJII1 KpoBbiO 11CnaHCKOH BOeH HOH Mall!l111bl, T3K KaK con.n.aTbi caM11 o6ecnet.t11san11 ce6511111lllei1, 06My H!l11pOB31111eM, opy)f{11eM 11 na)f{e 6oenp11nacaM11. ConnaThi He nonyt.tan l1 )f{anosaHhe MeC51U.aM11 11 na)f{e ronaMI1 . )J,11CU.11nJI I1Ha nanana, contr:aTbi pa3-

AJ:

TnJICeJIOBOOpymemtbtii Kaaanepucm

6pe.n.ani1Ch no oKpyre B noHcKax nl11.1ll1.

Tfi:J/Cenoeoopy.>ICellltbte 6caoHuKu (Oe.AtURancbepbt) npeocma6!lflllu co6ou yoapHyJO KOfiHU"fY

ap,~wu Tlooopoe. KOJUIU"fO :Jr/1020 muna oo6WIGCb ycnexoe npu llymcj;ene 6

1586 2.,

Ka)KJJ.hiH ron connaTbi nonyt.taJII1 Ha-

xomfl

KMJJ.Ky, KaMJOJl, 6p11JJ.)KI1, py6axy, 4YllKI1 11

oeucm606GJ/G npomu6 31lG 1lUmenbNO npe60CXOORUf.UX CWI npomU6/IUKG. !JOfi.6Jle/lUe M)'UiKe-

T YQ>JI I1. E.11.11Hoo6pa3 1151 B YHHQ>OpMc He

m06, CI10C06flblX 11p06Umb JII06ble 00C/1exU, a mG/OICe npttJWeHeHUe 11UK, 1103601151/0Uf.UX Oep-

6hi no, TaK KaK Ka)KJJ.biH con.n.aT cpa)f{aJIC51

JICG/Ilb KOIIHU"fY Ha 6e:JonacHal1 yoCIJ7enuu, npueenu K y naory u noCJleOYJOUf.e.A1Y uc'le:JJI06e-

pa,n:H CBOeH CJlaBbl , ll03TOMY llO!l4epK11Ba-

IIUJO mfi:J!Cewu KOIIIIU"fbt. Ho a/12JIUUCKGR mfi:JICenGR KOIIIIULfO npooOJIJICGJW oeiicm6oeamb 6

JiaCb 11HtJ:HBI1JJ.YaJibHOCTh.

rOJUIGHOUU 611J/0111b 00

1600 2.

Tfi:JICenGR KOfl/IU"fG npeocma6!lfllla co6ou 60J1bUiYIO y2p03Y OJ151

ucnaHCK020 oecamna, npaKmu<tecKu J/Uute!IH020 KOJIIIU"fbl.

A2:

B

Ka'I eCTBC

Oll031laBaTeJlbHOf0 3H3Ka 11CH3HCK11e COJl)l.aTbl 11Cll01lb30BaJII1 I<paCHb! H aH.n.peeBC-

JlezKoaoopy:ncemtbtii Kaaanepucm

KI1H KpeCT Ha 6eJIOM <(>o He, a TaJOKe KpaC-

J!e2KGfl KOIIHU"fO 6 oeucmeume1b/IOCIIIU 6blJIG OOC/1101110'1110 111fi:J/CeJIOU 6 nnaHe 603l1JHOU

HbiH wap<(> Hll11 KywaK. Con.n.aTbi caMI1

::JKunupo6KU. cPaKmu'lecKu, no yp06fiJO 3GUJUUfemwcmu Re2Kafl KOflltUt{a He ycmynCIJw

o n naY11Ban11 csoe opy)f{Me, a Kasanep11c-

Oe.AilUIGHcepa.M. C::Jp PoO:Jicep YtUlbflJIIC, CJI)IJICU6Utuu KOK 6 ucnollcKoii, moK u 6 GH2Jluii-

Tbi - 11 JIOWa)l.h , Ja 'lTO y HI1X Bbl'li1T3JII1 113

CKOii apJWUflX, C006U(.aem flaA1 UllmepeC!lble 1100p061lOCI11U, KGCWOUf.UeCf/. 600/))'JICellUf/.

)f{anoBaHb51. H e nony' Ia51 neHer, con.n.aTbi

coJloam mo2o nepuooa.

6 biCTpo n o i13HOCI1JHICb. MHor11e 6bi JII1

«Clly:>IC6a JlezKot'i KOIIIIUtfbl cocmoum 2JIG6flblM o6pG.30M U3 6o.J1butux Awpweu c t{eJLbJO

nnoxo soopy)f{eHbi , a B Kasanep11HCKI1X

o m ce'tb pombt om 6G.J CHo6JICeltufl, nepex6alllbl6GIIlb 6pa:>1CeCKue o6o3bl u 3atl.{llli.{Gmb

YaCT51X CJI)"IaJIOCb He 6biJIO nowa.nei1. Ha

0603bl C60eU OpMUU, 6eCmU pG36eOK)' U 110UCK, 3G.Meflflmb C060U 0pf2Ue 6U0bl K0/1/IUt{bl,

MHOf0'111CJieHHble npOCb6b! rep1.10ra flap-

6eCmU cj;ypGJICUfJ06Kf, fHU'lmOJICCinlb cj;ypaJICUfJ06 npOmU6HUKO, 0 mOKJJCe UC/10J/Itflf/1b

Mbl ¢11JII1lln n OCT051HHO OT BeYaJI, ' ITO KaJ-

JII06ble 0py2ue 1100061lble 06fl3Gil/10Cmeii».

Ha 11Cllbi ThiBaeT TPY!lHOCTI1 B CB51311 c no.n-

J/e2KG5/. KOIIIIUt{O 6bllta 6o11ee M06UJ1b110U 110 CpG611eiiUIO C 0e.A1WIGHCepa.Mu, no::mWM)' 6

roTOBKOH K BT0p)f{eHI110.

6010 ne2KGfl K0/11/ULfG CmapanOCb C0300111b )'2/)03)' 110 cj;;Wil2GX U 6 fl1bl.J1)' /le11pU51111enR.

KOMaH,nyiOWMH lli1C3JI, 'lTO ,ll3JlbHCHWa51

KpoAte m020, Jle2KGR KOHHULfG noooep:JICU6aJ10 oeucm6UJl 1115/.:J/CeJIOLl KOHHUt{bl.

6

5 anpell51 1588

f.


Coci1UI6 a{MtaObl. Kopa6nu, 6oenpwtacbl, npoauaum u nu•lllblii COCIIIU6 (ljlftlllll Hcnauuu, 110 COCIIIORIIUIO flU 9 Jlt{IH 1588 z. TCL7e0Hbl u 6o;lbll/Ue KOpa6nu eooou:weu(eiiUel/ 0111 600 00 1700 mo1111 65 TpJ30BbLe mpa11cnopmb1 eooouJMeufellueM om 300 oo 700 mo1111 25 He6o,7bULue Kopa6,7U eooou:JJueufeuueu om 70 oo I 00 11101111 19

13

nul/aCbl U nopmyzaJ7bl Ta;Leacbt 4 Ta:Lep~>L

4

Bcezo Kopa6Reu 130 Bcezo conoam IIOAIUJIIO Atampocoe

1893 7

Mampocbt 8050 /]eopmLe-oo6poeonbL{bl 124 CI1yzu :Jmux oeopm1 465 /]BOj)RIIe, CR)I:J/C{Itl{Ue 3(1 IIMinJ Cnyzu :Jmux oJJCeHnvibAteuoe 163

238

KmtOII!Ij)bt u noAtOUfltuKu KaJ/0/tupoe

167

Xupypzu u lfLifJJO!IbHUKLI 85 Mo11axu u npo<tue ceml{ewtOCJiy>!Cume7U

180

j{eopmte U3 ooMa zeptfOZa Hx CRyzu 50 C1yzu 3GKOHa 19 Tpe6L{bt Ita zaJieacax

HacmoRU(IIIi ucnaucKuti .1110puou 6bm uau6onee IIOIIY!IllfJIIb/Jit a Jmom nepuoo. HJ-3a caoeu npocmoti KOIICmpyKt(llll UIJU!.M IIO-

22

Jty'lun lljJ036llU(C «IIIIKllltep CKutl ZOjJUIOK)). jJ,aJtCe 111QKlle r/Juzypbl KaK wun ttnll Il u zepu,oz flap.11ta u e 6pe:Jzoaa;w Hocumb UC/IQUCKiltl iltOjJUOII.

2088

Bcezo mooeii 30655 (Conoa mbt ap,IICIObl o6pa306bl8G,7LI 7 I'IOiiK06 (wecmb t/3

ero MOlKHO 6biJIO Jll1WHTb XO)la H B3l1Tb Ha a60p.[(alK. <DaKTH'ICC-

25 pom U

KH Ha nany6ax Kopa6neH pa3sopaLJJ.f Banocb cyxonyTHOe cpalKe-

00!/N U3 22 porn, ecezo /72 p0111bt} 1700 KOMGI/008ai/Uf?.J1l OOIIG/]Uezo oe n UJI/e/1111(/Jifl, 001/G Wpaf/Cl/CKO oe ToReoo, GONG A!IOIICO oe J!ycmw, HuKOJ7GCa Hcna, 00/La Azycmul/a Mexua u racnapa

HHC. ran epbl uapHJT H 11a c n oKOHHblX aonax Cpe,nH3CMHoro MOpll C anT HLJHbiX BpeMCH. XOTll HCKOTOpb!C ranepbi HCCJIH TlllKCJibiC n ywKH, nywKH 3TH CTOli.JIH Ha Hocy n oscpHYTbJMH

oe Coc:J. CeObMOii 110J/K COCI110f/JI U3 CClMOCI110R171eJ/bllblX pom). npoeuaf/m OJ7f/ cjJJIOma /1(/ cpoK 6 JlleCRL{ee, L/3 pac'lema 'lemeepmb C OCbJliYUIKOU K0/)3UIIbl/IG 'leJ/06eKG. (57868 UCI1GIICKUX 1110/lll/1fJU-

TypK11 ncpeUIJIH K 060p OHe, H u,eHTp BOHHbl !Ia MOpe CMCC-

apTHJTnepHeH, pa3MCWCIIHOH snonb 6opTOB. TaKoc pa3MeweHHe MOWIIbiX 6aTapeH npencTaBJTliJIO npo6neMy .li.Jill a.[(MHpaJJOB CTapOH rarrepHOH UJKOJJbl. Wen CHOp OTHOCHTCJl bHO 3cpcpeKTH BIIOC-

/]nfl o6CJtp1cuea11uR ¢noma ue6oJtbwux cyooe (nuHacoe) 20 ApcenGJI ap,HCIObt U3 1497 6pon306btX u 934 'IYZYHitbiX nytueK 2431 Jloep onR nyweK 123790

j],IU/INb/X 11UK I 0000 KopomKux nuK

6000

Kupac 10000 Eo,1bU/liX nyweK

12

Tal<

THJICll. a AnJanTHKy, r~e rocno.uCTsosaJIH n apycHble Kopa6n w c

11GC08, ffKJIIO'IC/fl cyxapu, 6UHO, 6eKOII, Cblp, j)bt6y, j)UC, ZOj)OX, JIWCJ/0, yKcyc, KOJJCGJtble 6ypo1oKu O!IJ/ eu11a u 600bl, 5000 nap KOJICGHbtX myr/Je7b u 11000 nap eepeeo'lllb/X mycpe7b).

Eo<teK nopoxa 5175 1257 Eo'leK cewtLfG O!lfl nynb Eo'leK c rpwlllt.,7 f!J1l 1151 K G!Iuaepoe OJ7fl eoopy:JICefltlfl cyxony m11ou apMuu MytuKemo/1 O!lfl eoopp1cemm cyxonymuoii ap,Huu

snepet~,

Kal< 60pTa 6biJIH llOJliiOCTbiO 3aHJ!Tbl rpc611biM H CKaMbliMH. .

TH Toro HJlH H.Horo THna Kopa6nei1. ITo Ha•Jany cpalKCHHll MelKny napyCHbiMH KOpa6JTliMH HOCHJIH orpaHHLJeHHb!H xapaKTep H 110XO.[\HJIH Ha 6ow raJJep, Korna ace pewan a6opAalK. H o scKope MOpCKHC CBpOr!CHCKHC .UCp lKaBbl OTKaJaJlHCb OT raJICpHOrO Ha-

7000 1000

noJ7e8b/X nytueK 2J BbLCmpe.no/1 O!lfl flUX 3500 MyitOB onR nepeeo3Ku nyweK 40

20

Ja)lcp>KKa MOlKCT nocTa BHTb BCIO onepau,HIO no)l yrp 03y. A

11l{)JUI, 3a .UeHb .llO BbJXO.Ua apMatlbl B MOpe, flap Ma llHCaJJ, 'ITO H33a n enoCTaTo•nJoro cHa6lKeHIDJ o ncpau,HIO cne.uyeT CBCPHYTb.

OpHpo.n.a BOHIIbi ua Mope fiapyc npOTMB BCCJJa fl o6eAa npH JlenaHTO s

157 1 r .

OCTaiiOBH.JTO 3Kc n aHCHIO

ry-

poK 11a BOCTOKC, 'ITO r103BOJIH.JIO V!cnaHHH BllJIOTHYIO 3aHliTbCll pewe HHCM CTOliWHX n e pct~ HMnepHeii 3at~a•J na ceacpe E sponbl. Jien aHTO 6b1Jl0 CpalKCHHCM MClK)lY BCCCJibHbiMH rancpa~HJ . r aJTCpbl . H.MCJIH Tapa H, KOTOpblH H. CJTYlKHJI KOpa6JTliM OCHOB IIbi M

ConoamcKuti uc11aucKuti lltOfJUOu. Jl,ocmamo'lltO mR:JtceJ/blii, lU!Ie.Jit OCH{IU(tlfiCR tlJI10fJ111/l3WIIO]JO,It1 lltl/10!11/CIU/b/Jif KOIICKliJlt

o p y>KHCM . EcnH TapaHHTb Kopa6n b n pOT HBHHKa HC yAasanocb,

BOJ/OCO.IIt unu ceuo.M.

7


cjJpaHtf)'3bl, 0 'l €!Jll C6UOemeJtbCI116)'101rt piiCYIIKU, omiiOCRUfUecJt K noc;teoneu •tem6epm11 XV1 e. 11Hozoa eoKpyz myflb ll no6fl3bl8aJtU utapcjJ, II!GK 'lfl10 e20 KOHelf C6UC(/fl tta3aO u JaKpbtrwll we10. Bcmpe'la!lucb pa3flll'lltble 6UObl myReu u noJteu.

8 4: A p Ke6yJup HeCAiompft 110 nOf{(UeHue .11ywKemo6, JlezKue apKe6y3bJ-KG!ttteepbt ocma6a.711Cb cmaniJapmnb/.11 opyJICUe.ll 6o.1b!IIIIHCII16a pom Glt2,7tlliCK020 ono.7•tenufl. Ka.weep cmowt om 12 iJo 30 utUJIJ1Wtzorl, mo2oa KaK Lfena Ita My wKem KoRe6wwcb e npeoe.-1ax om 18 iJo 40 UIUJ/JIU/1206. K wweep o6JIGiJwt e drw paJa 6oflbUteii CKopocmpeJtbltOcmbiO, npu :;mo,\1 na Ka:JICOblti 6btcmpe.1 mpamufiOCb 6 r)ea pa3a ,11enb!ue nopoxa no Cpael/ei/WO C ,11)'1UKel110.11. nompe6oea.1CJ! pea.1bflbtu 6oeeou Ol1btm, 'lmo6bl y6eoumb 6oe11110e pyKoeoiJcmeo 6 HeocnopLL110M nperloooocmae AtywKema uao KaJiueepokt a 6mo, no :;mo CJty•tumcnnoJJICe. Ka.nl(lepbt JtonoouCKOZO 0110!11/etnlfl !Went cjJpOH1f)'3CKllli 6bl211Ytnblli 11fJIIIG700, KOIIlO/)blli )'llllfJCL11111pU 8biC111pe.1e 6 2p)'Ob, a 11e 6 n7e'lo. cneJlHll. K

1588 r.

B cocrase 6pHTaHCKoro

¢noTa ocTasanacb scero onHa ranepa, KOTopa51 BCIO KaMnaHHJO OCTaBaJJaCb Ha 6e30n aCHbiX s o.uax ycTbll T eM3bl. JlOXOp OH Hbi H 3BOH HCIIaHCKHM ranepaM OTbi rpaJI B Kau Hce. I lap yCHble raneo -

~lbl JWCHKa nOTCpli11H XOJl B 3allHIW,CHHOH oT se-rpa 6yxTe Ka.uHca. Ka3anocb 6bl :no 1~a PYKY rpc6HbJM ra.rrepaM, KOTOpbie MOr-

JI H CIJOKOHliO TapaHHTb CT05JBWHC aHrJlHHCKHC KOpa6Jll.1. Ho JWeHK HC paCTCp51JIC51 . OH npHKa3an c n ycTHTb ua so,ny wmonKH, KOTOpblMH 6yKCHpOBaJl raneOHbl, pa3Bep-

8, C, D: Jlou ooucKoe o11on•teuue

HYB HX 6opTOM B CTOpOHY npH6Jl H)I(aB-

K C'laCmbiO To,uac !lawn 6 C6oeu pa6ome The Funeral Roll of Sir Philip Sidney ocma611.1 npe60000HOe 0/IIICa//Ue JIOHOOIICK020 0110Jt'lei/WI, 6 1587 2. COilfJ060:JICOaButltX I10-

aHrJIHHCKOH apTHJlJlCpHH 3aCTaBHJl HCnaH-

XOfJOIIItYIO llfJOL{eCCU/0. 8 1: MyutKemep MyutKemepo6 MO:JIC/10 Jl e2KO onpeOeJ!Umb 110 1/(/J/l/<IUIO oeypo2020 ynopa Ollfl Cm60lta, 6e3 Komopo2o He603.JIIO:J/CitO 6bLJIO cmpe!lftrnb tt3 AIYutKema. 8 pome u:J 150 'teJ!OBeK 15 60opy.?lccwtcb MyLuKemcwll, a 60 onOJI'Iemte6 LlAieJlll 6o:tee Jle2Kue K(/JIU6epbt. B J/OIIOouCK0,\1 0/10,7'1eiiiiU 6bt:W ClWGfl 6b/COKGR 00.7fl COJ/Oam, 600py:JICell/tbiX 0211ecmpe.:tbHbW OfJ)':J/CIIe.ll, 6 :mw,u omHoweltUll .wnOOIILfbt ne ycmyna.1u ca,l/bW 11epeiJo6bW KOitmuneHma.1bllbW ap.11uJL11. MywKemepbt ltocu;tu nampo~tmawu-6anoo.1bepbt, 6 Komopl>tX naxor)u.7UCb 3apa1tee ornHepennble nopoxoebte na6eCKII.

WHXCll HcnaHCKHX ranep. MOW.IIbiH 3ann

l\CB 11pCKpaTHTb aTaKy H OTOHTH B yKpbiTHC BHyTpeHHei1 raaaHH. CanTa- Kpyc xoTen, 4T06bl ero apMaJJ,y coupOBO)I()l3Il H

40

raJ1ep, 110 n ocn c nopa)l(eHHll n pH KaJJ,Hce B COCT3B apMa)J,bl Y.UaJIOCb BKJliO'I HTb TOJlbKO l.JeThlpC r ancph!, H3 KOTOpbiX HH O.UHa He CyMeJla npeOJJ,OJleTb bHCK3HCKH H 3aJlHB H npH 6biTb B Jla-MaHUI. 0JliiHM M3XOM 4CTbi pC IUITblX HCnaHC-

82: Ane6ap obep

KOrO CllJlOTa OKa3aJIHCb ycTapC BIIJHMH .

Afle6apiJbepbt IIOCUJ/u me .?Ice iJocnexu, •uno u nu1wnepbi, 110 eoopy.?ICCl.i1UCb afle6apoou

OnbiTHble MOp51KH coBcTosaJJH OTKa3aTb-

6Atecmo _nuKU. AJ1e6apoa 6blfla 6o,?ee CllO:JIC/tblM 61100Jil ope6K06020 XOJ/OOH020 opyJICUR, KOmopou ,1/0:J/CHO 6biJ10 ne mOJ/bKO K0;70tnb, 110 maKJICe pe3amb u py6um1>. B pomax npeo6:taoa.w 11UK!l, 6 1588 2. 6 ,70HOOIICKO,l/ 0/IOJJ<te//l/11 a.:te6apiJoii 800fJ}'JICa.7CJI mo:tbKO

C5l OT nnauoa BT Op)I(CHHll. It o <DHnHn n 11pO.U0Jl)I(3Jl H3CT3HB3Tb ~Ia CBOCM , C06Hpall HMnpOBH3HpOBaiiHbiH napycH biH

oou11 113 KG:JICObtX iJecJtmll on0.1'1eHLfe6. A.1e6apobJ ocmaea.1uCb na 6oopy:Jicenllll etL{e oKo,w

<jlJlOT. raJICOII bl, C011pOBO)I()l,3BUIHC <jlilOT B

cma .1em, 110 )':J!Ce KaK opyJ1cue cepJ1caHmo6 u 2eapoeuLfee.

BecT-VIn.UHIO, co6panH B coc-raac :JC Ka,IJ,-

8 3:

Eapa6auu~uK

pbi , B KOTOp y iO T3K)I(C BOUIJI H 6bi BUIH C

Jla/1111 lie oaem 1/UK(JKUX YKGJ(J /IUU Ita mo, '11110 6apa6aii£L{UKU Jl0110011CK020 0/10,7'te11Ufl 110Cli..J1U KOK)'IO-!IU60 6oJiee 6ozamy10 )'HUcjJOpAIY 110 cpCI(WeltU/0 CfJJl006bWll CO!l0Gn7Cl.ii1U.

nopTyraJlbCKHe Kopa6nH. Bcero a cocTaB

Boe111tbt: AtY3bt~altfl1bl o611)'110upo6btea,7uCb KGK ece u HOCUJIU xapaKmeplt)'IO lll.J1Rny c 6btCOKOu my7bell u )'3KII.I111 no,1fLIIU. 3mom mun w.7flll 6bt,1 xapaKmepeH 11e mo,1bKO i),m

pa6JJb 6 bii1 ncpc,nena11 H3 TOproBbiX cy.uos,

JloniJona 11 ut11pe o.1Jt Altz;wu, noxo:J/Cue 20.7061/bte y6opb1 .1102.111 noc11mb IICIIWttfbt 11

8

apMaAbl sowno

24 rancoua. Eutc 41 KO-

npHCil OC06JlCHHblX )liD! IICCCIIHll nyLUC4-


(/)paZJitelllllbl zpa610pbt, II:J06pa.)/C{fi0U{eii 3QX6{111/ Hccenopma ZOJIJUIII{)t{{IJ!tll 6

1588 z.

ronna/10 /I J/ CIII((JI(f KJ/a06uw.,e.M peny mm(ll/1

ucnaiiCKIIX noJtK0600t(e6. H eCJitOIIIfJR ua npu.llteuel/ue Jty•tllleii 6 E6pone nexombt u JICecmo«oe nor)a6Jteuue JltRme:Hceii, IICnaucKaR {ffJJIIIIR 11e C.MOVla CJIO,!tlllllb COIIfJ0111118Ji ei//IJ/ ZOJ/JI{ff10t(e8. Cneaa 88epxy OrjJIIt(epbt C ,!tetf{(Jit/1 II 6aKllep{(Jiru 8e0ym apKe6y:JufJ08 8 (/1/l{ll(y. Humep ecu o,

1{1/IQ

ZOJIJ/((110CKI/e 111/Killlepbt (cnpa6a) OCII/{11011/CR 6 p e3ep6e, a lie aeoym amaKy.

1588 z. 87/8 'lel06eK 6 89 1101/KOX 62239 KfJOH. 11ma,7bRIICKOR nexomo 5339 'le weeK a 59 noJtKax 35225 Kpon 5ypzyiiOCKOR, up!IOIIOCKaJt, wollutai/OCKaR ne.xomo 3278 wmoeeK a 29 110,1KOX 2059 / KfJOHO. (11p!la/10f1e6 918 'leJIOGeK 110() I<OA1Wi006QIIUeAt Cme11.tu, wonz.7wiOf1eB 804 'leweeKa noo KO,uOIIOOGOIIUe\1 Ap•IU60JibAp.mtR 80 (}Jn aui>puu, lUI anpenb

11cnaiiCKaR nexoma

OG neii/110110).

Horo soop)')Kemt51. Bcero Kopa6nH apMaJJ.bl HCCJIH Ky.

32 MaJJbiX KOpa6ml 8 coc-rase apMa.D.bl

17825

•1e1o6eK 6

'le70f!eK, re/1111

350

'le706eK, WapJiell0/1

230

raJJeOHa. f aneaCbl HCCJI I1 IIOJJ II OC napyCHOC BOOpy)KCIIHC, co6cTBCHHO, napyca 6b1JJI1 11x OCHOBH biM !lBH)KHTCJICM, liO

6biJJ I1 o6opy.n.osaHbl rpc611bi C CKaMbH. H a r aneacbl B03naraJJI1Cb 6onbwl1e Ha.Ue)K)lbl , 110 HX cna6a51 Mopexonuoc-rb cepbe3HO orpaH11LJI1Bana 6ocBbi C B03MO)f(HOCTI1.

rnaBIIOH np11LJHHOH HCy.UaliHOfO XOlla C06biTI1i.f KaMna-

Boeuuo-,HopcKml rjJRom

23204

111111 CTaJIO H113KOe KaLJCCTBO 11CilaHCKI1X I<Opa6JJCH IlO cpas-

KfJONbl

44986 Kpou

HCHHIO c Kopa6nHM11 aHrJII1HCKHMH . CpenHeBCKOBbi H napycHbiH Kopa6nb n pe.n.Ha:mall aJIC51 .n.m1 nepeso3KI1 rpy30B. 3To

11mozo:

59915

380421 Kpolla 3000 KfJOfl }/{oJiorwube Aw cmepa !la2epH I 000 KfJOfl KoAIOIIO)IIOUfuii Kaea.Hepueii 500 Kpon 5700 flpO'IUlt nepCOIICL7 23204 Kj)OIIbl

6 biJI WH pOKI1H 11 cpaBHHTCJlbiiO KOpOTKHH I<Opa6JJb C IlOJI-

'leJtoeeK

Hbll\111 o6sonaMH. TaKall KOIICTPYKUHH no3BOII51n a norpy3HT b

}/{QJ7060/Ibe ezo 6b/CO</eC/116(1

B Tp10M MIIOf O rpy 3a, HO .UCJlaJla I<Opa6 Jib I ICriOBOpOTJ11113bi M

CTasnHn C060H TOprOBOC Cy.UHO C HallCTpOi1KaM I1 Ha HOCy 11 t1

KOp MC, KOTOp biC CJ1Y)KHJJI1 60CBbiMI1 llJ1aTQl0pM3M H B MOpC-

111.0.

KOM c pa)f(eHHH . TioHBJ1CHI1e KOpa6eJJbHoi1 apT11JIHCpHH, n oc-

KjJOII

454311

T aTOlJHO MOU(HOH !lJill TOfO, lJT06bl npHLJHHl!Tb KOpa6JJliM T51-

KfJOIIa

370000 30JtombiX KfJOII,

454311 KfJOII,

•11no coomaemcmeo-

)KCJibiC Il0BpC)K.!J.CHI1ll, Il QBJICKJJO 3a C060M 113MCIICIII1)1 B KOH-

110 ::;rna cy.MAW 11e Y'ltll11bteaJIC/ uenpeomt-

crpyKUHH Kopa6JJei1 . ,L()KOII XoKHH3, npHCOC.U111I H BII IH HC" s

E:JICeAteCft'lllbte p acxoObi cocma6/IRJIU rwJ7o

H MC.llJJHTeJJbHbi M. CpC.UIICBCKOBbJH 6oenoi1 Kopa6Ji b upe.u-

K/)011

cP.10111 , Gp1111LL7epUR, lljJO(J//G/1111, K6GfJ111UfJbl, cOCIIIIIIWo7b 11mozo

HMenacb 3CKa.n.pa 113 LJCTblpcx ranca -

'leJ/06el<

KfJ0/1

44986

nyw-

Kopa6m-t " napyca 600

npO'IllltllepCOI/0,7 668 <fe706eK

Ap.11uR

2431

TpaHCHOpTOB }J.OllOJIHliJJI1 QlJJOT.

cos, npe.n.cTaBJJ51BW11X co6oi1 csoero po.n.a r116p11.u r anepbl 11

rap11L13011bl

6508

25

TaK)f(C MOrJJH )lBI1faTbCll 11a BCCJiaX, }J.Jlll LJCfO B.UOJJb 60pTOB

144 no:tKax 793 /4 Kpou Bepxtlezep,llallcKaR nexoma 1/309 'leweeK e 50 no:tKax 86691 KfJOIIO llu:JICIIezep,llallcKafl nexoma 8616 •1e70eeK 6 34 nOIIKax 51195 KfJOfl Jfe?KWl I<OIIHUf1(1 {U111Q/IbRIICKGJI II UC/101/CKGft} 38631 KfJOIIQ BauollcKaft nexoma

Allln6epnell

11

Oellllbte pacxoObl, llanpUAtep, 11a nepeeoJKy, umuo11a.J1C, nymeUtecmauR

1578

u npO'I. TCIK:JICe He y•tmellbl 3GKJIIKU nopoxa u opy2UX apmUIIJiepuiicKUX

HI1KOM I IOBbi X TCXHOJIOI'HH.

11fJW/00,7e:JICIIOC/11eU, 0 /IIQ K:J/Ce fJGCXOObl HO COOep:JICOIIUe Gj)~11UU 6 110-

f. K MOpCKOMY M11HHCTCpCTBy, 6b1Jl rOplllJ I1M CTOp011 -

XOKHH3 HMCJJ MHO)KCCT BO BJ111l!TeJJbllbiX BparOB, HO .Ua)l(e OHI1 npH3Has aJII1 , LJTO Kopa6nH , noCTpoeHHbJe XoKHII30M,

;7e6b/X JC1106URX.

9


Cl: lJUI<UHep Jlanm coo6tqaem, 'lmo nOHOOilCKue nuKunepbt He twcunu onne<tuu, twpy'leu u HaRft06emtuKo6, a 6Mecmo UIJ/e.JHa npeonottumanu 1-lOCUmb J\100/ibt.e UJJ/fll1bl. U x eowtcm6ellllb/A1 oocnexoA1 6btl!a Kupaca, no rpop;we uMumupytOLiJWl MOONbtU 6 mo 6peKaA130ll-oy6nem. YHurpop;wbt nuKwtepQ;w fie 110/lQZQJIOCb, KQ:JICOblU OOe6WICJl no-

;WR

C(f01!.!11)'. Heco;\1/teww, noo Kupacou 6btno mpyo11o 1/0Cumb ooe:;tcoy c6o6oo11ozo noKpofl. B noxooax nww11epbt M02Jlu Haoe6amb HaKuOKU no6epx Kupac.

C2: <Pllei4mucm tPneumucm ooem maK:Jtce, KaK 6apa6aHUfUK, 110 Ale</ y Nezo 11006eUJell K 110flCIIOA1J peA11llO noo MyttoupoAt. KoHcmpyKmu6HO rpneuma MaJIO <teow omnu<taemut om ltbtNeUJIIUX o6pa3lj06. My3bJKallmbi o6wmo C011p060:JIC0([JIU (fOUCKQ 6 110XOOe, HO HeU36eCmHO, uzpanu JIU 0/iU KQKJIO-J!U60 pOllb 6 6010, KaK :Jmo oel!aJtu 6apa6aiiLIJUKU, Komopbte nepeoarJanu npuKmbt, om6u6aJl mom UJ!U wwu pumM.

C3: 3 ucull 311CUII 3QiiU;\1QJl MJtaOLUJ!O OrpU/1epCKJIO ool!:J/CtiOcmb 6 pome. B 6oto ezo conpo60:JICOaJ/o 11eCKOllbKO al!e6apobepo6. B onucbl6ae.Mbtu HaMu nepuoo 6ollbmwtcm6o aiiZllut"icKux wmanoapmo6 6 Ka'lecm6e omJtU'tUmellbflOZO 3HaKa HecJlu zeopzue6cKuu Kpecm. J(pyzuMu o6LIJenpunRmbt;wu zepa11bOU'IeCKUMU 31taKQA1U 6btnu Kpact-tafl po3a T10oopo6, 6epmuKal!bHbte Ul!U ouazottallbNbte nol!OCbl, /(J1emKa u 60/lliUCmafl l!UilUft .

....

10


J(ocnexu OeJittiJialtcepa, 6 mOJlt 'IUCJle UIJ/eJit «ucnallcKIIU AtOfJIIOim. l.l{um (JX(JOtiJI 6 K0.11111JleKm oocnexo6 ua CJly•wu ucnonbJ06amte K06aJlepucmo6 6 newe.M empow. OWHI 113 C8Mb1 X JIY4UJH X B aHrnHHCKOM <j}nOTC. XOKHH3 flOHHMan , 4TO 6y.uyma~ BOHHa Ha MOpe 6y.lleT HOCHTb xapaKTep apTHJIJJCpHHCKOH .llY3JJ H, a BpeMeHa T apaiiOB 11 a6op.ua>Ka yxo.uH B n p ownoe. IT03TOMY OH pa.UHKanhHO n epecMoTpen KOHCTPYKUHIO raneoHa. Hocosy 1o H KOpMOBYIO Ha,UCTpOH KY 0 11 c.uenan r opa3.ll0 HH>KC, 4TO yny4JJJHJJO OCTOH'IHBOCTb Kopa6JUJ. IIy wKH pa3MeCTHn B.llOJlh 6opTOB 6once AJIH HHoro 11 yJKoro Kopnyca. DpH 3TOM B03pOCJJa CKOpOCTb H MaHCBpCHHOCTb KOpa6neH. yCOBCpWCIICTI30B3HHIO flO)J,BCprJJOCb H napyCHOe BOOpy>KCHHC, 4TO 1103BOJJHJIO a ~JrmiHCKHM KOpa6n~M H.[(TH KPYTO n OA BCTep 11a Kypcax, HeMbJCJJMMhiX npe>K.[(e. XoKHH3 :)JJCpr11 '11 10 npO.[(BHran CBOH 11)J,eH 13 >KH3Hb.

24

Yb

3HrJJH HCKI1X KOp a6neH, BCTpeTHBWHX HCnaHCKYIO

apMa.uy,

12 6hJJJH

nocTpOCHhi XoKHH30M, a eme soceMb

nCpCCTp OCII bl B COOTBeTCTBH H C ero

H.[(C~~IH.

4acTo yTsep>KnaeTc~, 4TO HcnaHCKHe Kopa6m1 6hiJI H 60JJbWC a ll fJIHHCKHX, HO 3TO He TaK. l1 c n aHCKa~ TO HII 3 130.UOH3MCLUCHH~ 6blfl3 MCHbWC 6 pHT8H CKOH. T aK, HcnaHCKHi1 raneoH 130.llOH3Mew:eHHeM

I 000

Tomr

B 8 JlrJJHHCKOM <j}JJOTC C'IHTaJIC~ 6bJ TOJ!bKO 3a 600-TOHHblH KOpa6Jlb. YpoBCHb KOMnner<TaUHH JKHna>Keii Ha aHrnHHCKOM H 11Cfl a JICKOM CjJJIOT 8 X 6hiJI llpHMCpHO O.llHHaKOBbfM, XO'nl B HCfi31 1CKHX J KHria>KaX 33MeTH Y IO 4aCTb COCT313-

JI ~JIH con.uaT bi , Torna Kai< B 6p HTalfCI<Hx 3KMna>Kax cJJy)J<MJJM TOJi bKO MOp~KM . K opa6nb MOr yrrpasn~TbC~ npMMepHO TpeTbiO JKI1lla>Ka. AHfJIM4aHe MMeJIM npeMMyLUCCTI30 13 I<a iiOIIHpax - K I<a>KL(OH nywKe Ha 60p1)' 6biJl 11pMCT8BJl CH Ollbl THblH apTMnnepMCT M 4eTblp e npOCTblX MaTpoca, flOMOr813WHX CMy. Y HCflaHUeB C KaHOIIHpaMH J].eJlO 06CTOlHIO Xy>Ke, B pe3yJJbTaTe aHIJIHHCKMC KO-

Ha IICitaiiCKux Kopa6nRx npu.llteuRn u c b nytuKu 11a cyxonymllbiX n lu/Jemlcc. 06CJl)lJICU6amb maKue nyutKu 6 yCJl0611RX KOpa6e.JtbllOit llleC/1011/bl 6btn0 O•tellb lllR:JICeno, 6 6onbUIIIIICII/6e C60eJit J/110 6btnll <<OOIIOJapROIIbte!! opyOwt.

II


D3:

KarJlmepucm JCKaiJpoua cJpa

Wu-

n umw CuiJneR

Ka6Cl.ilepucmbr u3 JCKaopoua c:Jpa rJ)tmunna CoueR maKJICe conpo6o:JJcoa:w ceoezo KO,IIaHoupa 6 noc.1eomui nym1>. Oo11aKo, 01/ll 11e 6bt.7ll '1.7ei/CWU ,7QI/()OIICKOZO 0110.7'lellt/51. 17o6epx KG.Il30.7CI 11aoema Kupaca, f/1/KC/KUX {)pyzuX OOCileXO(J /le/11.

Coxpmwnoc& o•tellb .Atano liJ06paJtcemui

de

,,wmpoco6 Jlloxu EnuJattembt, coe;wllllblX co6pellenmtKCl,llll. 3 m om .ltOjJRK uJ Habiti A11ticlti e Modemi lfeJape B e•tennu, ony6nuK06{11/IIOli OKOJIO

1600 z. Bbl-

D l : Of/Jut(ep

COKaR UI{I/IK{I ll3 Jlte·m llllll KR0 11K06(llll0li

f7pomomtti10.II Jmozo O(jJUtfepa cma,1 11opmpem Kanuma11a To,11aca Cwona, KOJIWNOOeaetuezo pomoti Euwo11czeiimcKoii Jacma6bt 6 Cumu. C11um 6but cocmoflme.JrbllbW mopZ06tfe.M, 1/0JI//0,\1)1 ooem 01/ (!eCMta U3b/CKC/HO. (/)aeon tl/,7f/11bl /1'10111 .?ICe, '11110 u y COROam,

paKmepnbte Oelll{IRfl zapt)epo6a JlW111pO-

110 cnepeOU llOJlfl tl/Jifll7bl 11fJUKOR0/'11bl K /'11)1Jlbe OpGZOLfe//1/0Li 6pOtubiO. f7or;epx KCW30J7Cl /la oema Kupaca. EOllbLUOU K)ILUCIK CUJI180J7U3Up06C/JI or/JUtf epCKOe oocmOtii/C/1160, a maK:JJCe 1"/0360J/f/Jl COJ[()ama,l/ 6i>tC111pee HC/XOOUmb KOJHaiiOupa 6 Z)IU{e CpG:JJCettUfl. KOJICG/lbte

Ulepcmu, o•tellb UJllfJOKue 6puiJ,Jicu - xaC06 KOfll(((

XVJ -

tnGK;J/Ce 6b/CIII}'IICI..7 (J p0.7U Ctf-1160.7G. D2: 11J,umo11ocet( Boopy:JJcellllbte mo:tbKO .1/e'IO.Il, KUII:Jica..w.ll u UJUIIIO.It, :>mu co.1oambt ¢uzypupoecL7u 1110.7bKO 6 cauaeme.71>C/116e Yu:onutUpa . B .701100/ICK0,\1 C6Uoeme:tbC/116e )1110.1111/taf/Ue 0 tqumOHOC!fGX omcymcmeyem, melt ue ,He/lee Jlaum noKa3CL7 ttx npucymcmeue 6 cocmaee 11oxopouuoti nporteccuu 1587 z. llf,um •wcmo oe7GJIU U3 ,l/ema..7.7a, 11puoa6aR e,11y C60ticm6a ny,wue11po6urwe11ocmu. C:>p Poo:J1cep Yu.,7bJLIIC co!JemoeaR o6.wz•wmb KOHcmpyKtftiiO U(l/111(/." «E?o Macca cmo,7b r1e1uKa, •tmo oaReKo tte IW.JICObtii cnoco6e11 uocumb ezo OORbute 'laca.

f! peKOMelf{)Q(!(I;t 61>1 06Jta</UI1lb UfU1110HOCLfe6 6 KUIHICbl CpeOIIeU 11fJO'IIIOCI11U

ll

o6Rez-

'lllltlb UfU/111>/i>. Bo3MO:JICIIO, Uftt1110IIOCtfbt ¢opAtupor;(l,7ll Lfepe.MoHuCL.?bH)IIO zaapowo, maK KaK ux uJo6pa3tLw ua ,tecmll!llfe KpO.II6eo7b-xayc a 1637 2. 6 'IUC!le npo•wx onoJt<temter;. 12

XVll 66.

)ll1Jll1 B npaKTH'leCKOH CKOpOCTpCll bH OCTH KOpa6JIH HCflaiii \CB .

canozu co w11opaAtu orrl6epN)II11bl 611U3, omKpbt6Gfl KfJYJICe61tble 'l)IJ7KU. C11um eoopy:J1Cell ,1"/e'IO.II u nponwJai/O,II - etqe oomw CU.,I160.70.11 KanunwllcKoti OOJI:JJCIIOCmu. Jl,pe6KO npomCl3alla o6mflii)'IIIO 6apxamo.ll u o66umo Z6030JLIW c no.~yKp)l2llbiJI/tl ttiRflllKCLMU, oe.Ha6wtwu opy.?Jcue yxflwnucmee. flepeo Kanuma11o.11 uoem .IICLJib'IIIK-CJI)'?a, Konwp~>ni necem ezo Uftll/1. K mo,11y 6pe11e11u utum oae11o nomepJL7 KaKoe-.w6o 11paKmu'leCKOe 31tCI'Leltue u

fi(/1({/R{l

pa6JIH B )lBa, a TO H B TpH pa3a npeBOCXO-

0ylUKH

8

Km1uc

XVI

B. apT11JIIIepHx see eme

npe6bJBaJia B 3a'laTO'II IOM COCTOXHHH. flyWKH 6biJll1 l\OpOfHM H CJIO>KHbiM B 06pameHHH opy>KHeM, npaKTH•IeCKH OTCyrCTBOBana CTalll\apnnaU11$1 11 KOIITpOJib Ka'l eCTBa. nywKH II O,Upa3lleJI5lJII1Cb Ha r p ynnbJ no Macce MeTae~10ro C11ap5ll\a . OnHb >Ke, 'leTKHX H np111 15lTbiX nosccMeCTIIO npHIIUHIIOB IIO,l.l.pa3)lCJieHHX nyweK Ha r p yuubJ He cymecTBosano, no::>TOMY Ka>Kllbi H ai3TOp 110Jih30BaJIC5l C06CTI3eiiiiOH KJlaCCHCp HK(IUf1CH. <l:>aKTH'ICCKH HC 6b1Jl0 .llBYX nyweK O,llHHaKOBOfO KaJlH6pa. no3TOMY .[IJI5l Ka)K)lOH ny uJKH 6ocnpHnaCbl OT6Hpa1111Cb C IIOMOI.I..lbiO JleKaJia B BH.[Ie


f

I ~.

MooeJ/b ZtU/eoua Elizabeth Jonas, 6bmonnemtflR no 'lepllleJICWtt M:JIIIb/0 EeiiKepa. 900-1110111/btii Kopa6nb c IIWKtut U(l36tllllll!Jit •IIICIIIUIcn 6 cnucKttx Kopone6cKozo qmo111a 6 1588 z., 6 1597/98 zz. Kopa6nb npotueJI nepei>emcy, 1/0C/Ie •~ezo •mCIIuncn KaK 684-IIIOIIItblli. Bnpo'ti!.Jit, AteiiiOObl IIOOC•tellla 11101/IWJtca HaM uetl36eCIIIIIbt. IloC/Ie nepeoeJtKll Kopa6Jlb ltJiteJ/ onuuy 6 KtiJ/e 30 Jlt, tuupuuy 11,5 At, my6uuy llljJIOJl[{l 11,5 At. Boopy.)lceuue KOpa6nR COCIIIOJIJIO 113 06yx t)l!JltllKa/101106, 18 Kylle6puu, 10 Ol!Jl11/l(jllle6pll11 II 10 ceiiKepo6. l\OCKH C Bbi CBep neHII bi M OTBepCTHeM, CO-

IIHK3KHX CIIOC060B Onpe)l,CJlHT b npaBHJlb-

K3LICCTBC 6oenpHnaCOB. KOp36JlH apM3)l.bl

OTBCTCTBY.I<JW.HM K3Jl H6 p y CTI30n3. Ecm1

HYIO nopoxosyl{) Ha s ecKy. Pe)l.KO KOr)l.a

Hecn H no

H)l.pO 6biJ10 HCMIIOfO 60Ji bWC HY)I{HOfO pa3-

Y.U3B3Jl0Cb npOBCCTH I1p06Hbi C BblCTp ellbl.

K3K B03M0)1{IIOCTH I10110JlHHTb 60CKOMI1-

MCp3, cro IlOllTCCbi B3JlH.

B

pe3yJlbT3Te

I 00

Bbi CTp enos 113 opy)l.He, raK

nopoxosaH npOMbiWJlCI I HOCTb AHfJlH H B

JlCKT y KOp a6neii He 6bi J10. C newllaH IIC-

M HOfHC H.llp3 H!\teJlH HCnpaBHJlbiiYIO <j)op-

1588

f. CW.C TOJlbKO <j)OpMHpOBaJlaCb, flO-

06XO,llHMOCTb H3fOTOBHTb M HO)I{CCTBO

My. EcnH H,llpo no )l,HaMCTp y 6J:>IIIO HeMHO-

JTOMY AHrni-UI HCilbiTbiB3Jl 3 oc-rpbiH.Ue<jJH-

Hllep npHsena K TOMy, 'ITO 6biJ13 H3py w e-

ro MCIIbiJJC IIY)I{HOfO, B 3330p MC)I{,lly H.U-

UHT nopoxa. l-1cna HLI,hl , 11311pOTH B, He HC-

113 TCXIIOJIO I"HH HX I1pOH3BO,llCTBa.

pOM 11 K3H3JlOM CTBOJ13 npOpbi BaJI HCb 110-

ri biTbiB3Jl l1 11p06JlCM C CH36)1<CIIHCM llOpO-

3YJIIi1'3TC p e3KO yxy.UWHJIHCb npOLIIIOCTHble

poxoBbie r aJbi , LITO OTpHI \3TeJibHO CKa3hi-

xa, npHYCM HcnaHCKHH n opox 6htJI a&rco-

c soi1CTB3 Hc naHCKHx HllCp. EcnH yYeCTb,

sanocb 113 6annHCTHKC.

KOKaYCCTBCHHbtM , raK Ha3biBaeMbiM « nH-

'ITO K3'lCCTBO HcnaHCKOH )I{CJIC3HOH PYllbi

CTOJICTHbiM» .

CaMO 110 ce6e 6 biJ10 HH3KI1M , TO 11pO'lHOCTb

0po6JJeMbi KaHOHHpaM .llOCTaBJI51JI H

8

pe-

nopox, KOTOpblH Ben CC6H HCilpCllCKa3ye-

C .D.p yroH CTOpOHbl , OTCT3JIOCTh HC-

H.llCp y n ana HH)I{C .UOHyCTHMOfO. 0TMC'la-

Mbi M o6p330M. ITpaKTH'l eCKH HC 6b1Jl0

naii CKOH MCT3JJllyprHH CK33 bJBaJlaCb Ha

JlHCb CJiy'laH, KOf,ll3 H,llpO pa3pywaJIOCb B

13


£4: Canep A112.71/llcKClJI KOfJONG C,\/Oi'.7Cl ,II06l/,7U306Clll1b ,\1/tOJICecmrJo 6oecnoco611niX .II)'.?JC'tWt, 110 OC/JieKo 11e ece.x tt,lle.?GCb 60:J,\tOJICIIOCI11b 600fJ)'JICU:I11b. «fhttUJIUX» 0110J11.feiiLfe6 co6pa!lu 6 cocmaee canepltbtX ompfl006, K0/110/)bte NG 1/G.1U C171fJOU/11e.7bC11UW yKpen:Iemni. Canepbt o6.11)1110upoebt&a:tucb KaK u ocma,7bllbte ono:tl.felllfbl, 110 ux o6,\I)'IIOupoeallue •tacmo uaLw u:J .11e11ee Ka•tecm&efiHOti IIIKClfltl, a ux eoopy.J1ceuue cocmoJLw l/3 Mel.fa U KW/JICCLW. 0Cit06Hb/Mll UX U//CII1/J)IMeiiJIIClJHU 6btJ1U J1011Cll/'lbl, KttpKOAIOJIIblcll ll fl10110fJbl. KaHane CTBOna. M HOrH C 11Cnai iCK11C nywKI1 BMCCTO YyryHHbiX .RJJ.Cp CTpen.Rnl1 KaMCHHbiMI1 .RJJ.paMI1. KaMCHHbiC llltpa 6blnl1 .[IC ILICBJIC, HO MaJlOJcp<jJCKTHBHbl 11p11 cTpcnb6c 11a 6onbWI1x .[IHCTam~IUIX. AllrJII1HCKI1e J111TeHI!biC n pe.nnp11HTI1ll t~aneKO o6rOI!llJIH 11CIIaHCKI1 C, n OJTOMY 3H r.JII1HC KI1C nyWKI1 n03BOnHJ111 npHMCII.RTb 6onee MOWHble nopoxa. T aK, K

1588

r. )J.JII1HY

CTBOJJa 06biLfHOH KYJlCBpHHbl COKp3TI1Jll1 C

14

no .ncs.RTH ¢y-ros 6e3 yxynwc1111.R ee

6anmiCTHKH 6naronap.R TOnbKO JIH Wb 11C110Jib30flalll110 6oncc KaLJCCTBCHHoro nopoxa. KopOTKHH CTBOn 6bin IIC TOJibKO ner'IC, 011 y11powan 3apHJJ.KY nywKI1 B ycnoBI1.RX TCCIIOTbl KOp36CnbHOH nany6bJ. A llrHHHCKIIC KOp36CnbHbiC nyWK11 KpOMC TOrO OCII3Ll(3ni1Cb KOMJ'I3KTIIbiMI1 Jl3<jJCT3~ HI ,

T0f)J.3 K3K 11Cll3Hl.lbl CT3BI1n11 113 KO-

p36JI H nywKH 113 cyxonynlbi X Jl 3cpeTax. CD11J111nn

II

yyen ypoKH K3.UHC3 11 3K-

TI1BI IO 113YLJ3JJ HMeiOJ.l..(YIOCll 1111 Cp0pM3U1110 OTHOCHTCnbiiO aHrJ111HCKOH TaKTI1K11. l1cna11CK11H KOpOnb c.nen3JI BCC )J.Jlll TOfO, LfT06bl OCH3CTHTb KOp36JIH 3pMa)J.bl .[IUJibH0-

El: J/y•IIIUK J/yK Cfii01L1 i)ewerne J/106020 fJ)'JICbR, :uo601i J\102 1103(JQ7llfllb Ce6e R)'K. 06bi'IIIO ,1yKCL\Ill 600-

6oi1HblMH nywK3MH. Ecn11 no nnaHaM C3HT3-Kpyc3 .nn HHHOCTBOnbHble nywKH

py:J!CCU/l/Cb 6e011eiiwue KpeCIIlbfllte, K01110pbL11 11fJU.X001Lt0Cb ll0fi1U HG Cfty:JIC6y 110/tlOAIY, l.ffiiO

COCT3BJIHJII1

y mer fie 6wto oe11e2 3GI1Jiamwnb omKymtnte. XomR oallltbni Jl)''tHUK UAieem 6CIO lleo6xoou-

JIOB, TO KOponb yseJJ I1 LI HJI u pouewr .no

At)'IO :)Kli11Up06K)I, ee COC/110fii/Ue ocma6J/5lem J/CeJ/Cllllb J/)''llUe20. E2o OOCI1e.xu COC/IlOJ/111 U3

30%.

OT 06LUCf0 Lfi1CJ13 CTBO-

Boo6wc, 11pw111HOH Toro, YTO ncp-

24

BbiC 6011 H3 Jl3-Ma!-!We IIC II(JI111CCIII1 1111

cmpe.1 twe/Om 6mee )13Koe onepe11ue, '11110 n03eo.7Rem cmpe.7Rmb 11a 6mnwee paccmom/Ue.

O.[IIIOH 11'3 CTOpOH pewi1TCJlh iiOH II06C)lbl ,

xa1Uf06oti KJpmKu c HGUllllllbWU ,uema.iL?ul.feCKLLIIU nwcmwtKCLIIU.

I Jo 6 Jma11 C7J•tae OCL1bii06oiillocmb

B KO!I'IG!te 60Ce.lti>

15%

113

no~<.yna.,wcb t,euoii nplllfe'tbHocmu. Ll,6ema )'HurjJopllbl

coomeemcm«y1om LfeemCLII yHu(pop.llbt iiopl-twupcKtLr on0.11.femtee e 1587 2.

£2: Afle6api>bep A.1e6apoa 6b/J/Cl CClJ\IbW oewe6bW 11111110,\1 OfJy:JICllfl, 'taC/110 ee nepeoe.llblffG,Il/ 113 CtllCifJbiX cen~>cKoxo3ftiicmeewtbtX uHcmpyMeum0(1. Onbii1111bl e co;,()ambt c•tumGJ/u Me6apoy 6ec-

no,1e3110ii, npeo11pllltLLIICL7liCb nonbtmKu nepe(wopy;;,cwnb a!le6apobepoe nuKcwu. B 1590 2. CJp /l.JICOfJOJIC Kepb!O /ll/CC/}1 113 JfpJ1aHOI/ll, l.f/110 1/GlWJ'I.flUee npu..llellellue o:tJI a..?e6apo

06b.RCIIl!CTCll ll3(JHTCTOM B BOOpy)l(eiiHH:

245 .[IJII1HHOCTBOJlbHbiX n yUJCK 11a 311rJ1HHCKHX KOpa6nHX npOTI1B 2 12 11a Hcriai!CKHX. JlHLll b C J'IOl!BnCIII1CM B p3HOI!e 60CBhiX ,liCHCTBI1H .UyBpCKOH JCK3.[1(Jhl y 3 111Jli1Lfal l 11 llOTC(Jll 11CII311U3M11 IICCKOJibKIIX KOpa6-

nei1 CMCCTHJI3

Try npOITO(Jl.IHIO K COOTIIO172 CO BCCMI1 BbiTCK310LU11-

- npo()amb ux KpecmbfiiiWt. /locnexu CL7e6aponepa cocmof/ln u3 6pu2a110UJtbi, no.HIIfl-

weHHIO

u,eti (lpe.llefta re11puxa VIII.

MH 0TCIO)l3 rtOCJle;J.CTBI1HM H.

£3: ApKe6yJup B cepeowte XVI eeKa pacnpocmpa11e11ue 110,7)''1!1.,1 KCJ.J1U(lep - cmaHoapmu3o6allltbui ap-

330

K

ApM3Lta B 6010

Ke6y3. Kcl!lueep UMt!J1 eOUIIblll KWIU6p (omKyoa ll 1/(/](J(lf/Ue), 'l!rlO ynpOUfGJ/0 110020fi106K)' co;toam u cHa6.?1Cellue ux 6oenpu11acGJ1tu. C3p Poo.J1cep YwtbJL\1C coo6u1aem, •tmo KG.7U6e6p ,1102 11fJOUJ6eCIIIll 0111 20 00 30 6b/C111pe.'I06 IICl 001/0,\1 r/Jymne 110/)0XG, 111020G

9 M351 1588

r. nocryn11n npHK33 3 p Ma-

.uc nOKHHYTb JlHCCa60H 11.UB11 1"3TbCll B,[(OJlh

KaK .Hy utKemy (py11ma nopoxa xeama.,7o 6cezo na 8-12 6bicmpe.w6. Oo11aKo ny.1u KCL1U6e-

nopryr3nbCKoro no6epe)l(hll. l l c.uOCT3TI<H

pa 6bt.1ll C.1l/UIKO,\I C.7G6bie ll He ,1102:/U CfJG611l/111bCfl 6 IIOfJG.JICCl/OU{eii CI10C06HOCII1ll C

<jJnOTa 113LI3nl1 rtpO.RBJiliTbCll ll0LfTI1 HCMe)J.-

ny,?JLIIU ,HyutKemoe.

14


i

MoiJenb lWleoua Elizabeth Jonas. qenzbzpex.Ma•tmoaoe napycuoe aoop)IJICeuue xapaKmepuo iJnn KpymzhLt 6oeabtX Kopa6neii ape.111e11 Emoaaembt. f!taa11w 6uJaHb-;lta'lma u iJononmtmenbiiW 6u3allb-Jita'lma 11ecym KOCbte namwtcKue napyca. Ha ;ltapcennx Jmux. ,,a•tm 1100/lllJitaJlll llfJH.!IIbte napyClt, XOIIIH fl(l ;ltOOeJ/ll Jll/0 ue 110Kfl3(1110. flpJUltble IIUfJYCll fJe3KO C)IJICaiOIIICH K aepx11eii 1WCIII/I. JJeHIIO, He.UOSOJibCTSO 11 pa30YaposaHI1C MeJ1,1111bi-C11.ll0111111 pOCJIO JI,CHb OTO .llH.!I.

saTbC.!I BO,lla, XOT.!I ee 6pan11 113 paClfeTa Ha .USa MCC.!IL(a nnasal-111.!1.

Bbl,llep)l{aiiiiOfO ,llepesa. Tip11WJ10Cb CI1CWHO .uenaTb 60' IKI1 113 Cb!pOH .upeseCI1Hbl, S

CTO.!!Jia He6naronpH..!!TIIall noro.ua, cosepw emlo uexapaKTepHall .f\Jlll 1103.[\HCH sec-

Tip11YI1 nOi1 :noro u poKona cny)l{6br CHa6)1{eHI1ll CTaJl pCH.ll .ll,peifKa Ha 11CnaH-

KOTOpbiX npos11a11T 11 so.ua 6h1Crpo np11XO,ll11Jll1 B HerOJUIOCTb.

Hbl. TioKI111YTh Jl11cca6oH y.uanoch TOJJbKO 30 Mall. 3a CJie,UyiOIJ..(H.e ,USa JlHll y.uanOCh npOHTI1 13Cer o 15 MOpCKH X MI1 Jih. Tiocne 13 .[(l lei1 noxo.ua apMa.na Haxo.nHnacb seero B J 6 1 MI1JlC OT 11CXOJI,IIOH TOlfKH. Ha

cKoe no6epe)l{be 13 1587 r. .ll,pei1 K He ronhKO IIOTOmiJI MIIO)I{eCTI30 KOpa6JJCH 11 cy.nos s 6yxTe Ka.n11ca , OH raK)I{e MeTOJJ.I1lf HO ynHlfTO>Kan n p116pe>K 11 oe cyJJ.oxo.ucTso. TipH ::JTOM OCIIOSHOH )l{epTBOH nanH rpaHC-

Ha cosere crapw11x ocjmuepos 6biJJO pew eHO 3aHTI1 S Jla-KopyllhiO, 110pT, Jle)l{aw11ii 11a cesepo-3ana.unoM yrny TIHpeHei1cKoro Honyocrposa. 6bln y)l{e seYep, KOf.lla ::JCKanpa SXO.[\HJJa B II OpT. 811C3an-

6opry KOpa6nei1 ua•JaJlCll nOpT11TbCll npoBl1 aiiT H, 'ITO ewe Xy)l{e, - CTaJJa 3aKaHlfl1-

nopTbl, Be31UI1C np11 naCbl 13 JI I1CCa60H. H eBOCIIOJIIIHMOH 6b1Jia IIOTepll 60lfeK 113

Hbi H WTOpMOBOH 110pb!B SeTpa paccel!JJ 'IaCTh 3CKa.ll,pb1 B MOpe. JIJ1Wh 24 HIOHll

IS


I: TRJtce.1080opyJtceuu bl ii Kttatw ep u em 2: Jlezt<oooopyJtcellllbtii Kaaan ep u em 3: Kapa6uuep zparpa 3ccet<ca


JlouaoucKoe onon•teuue 1: 1l1yutKemep 2: Ane6apiJbep 3: Eapa6anu(UK 4: ApKe6yJup


1: ,lfampoc 2: Ktwo11up 1: Jfopcl.:otl o¢ut(ep


I: H cnallcl{tll'i .IIJ'III"emep 2: J1CIIffiiCIWfl llpl{e6yJUp

3: /1CII(IIfCI{tllt 1/lfl{tllfep

3

(J

OOCIIe:au:


1: Ap,;eoyJIIP 2: a 11 ,;rwep J: OrjJilr(ep

3


I:

311CIIII

2: 3:

Eapa6anli(IIK

KOII/Ibtii 1/0l fJGII /Ihl/ ttK


J: J/yqllfiK

2:

A .1e6aptJbep

3: ApA路eoJ'JLtp 4: Canep


\


1: nw.-uuep 2:


1: Of/JIIt(ep 2: fJ.t ff IIIOIIOC€f(

3: Kaatuepucm JCK(U)polla cJptt <Du.twllw Cuo11en


F 1: MywKemep [/epCOIIOJICU 110 :JinOU UJ/J/IOCmpOlfUU OHZ!IutlcKue eemepaHbt, om0360Hiibte U3 ro!IJIG/IOUU O!lfl 3GUfU111bl AIIZJIUU.

B

oc-

liOBY JI110U U!lfliOCmpa/4UU fleZRa cepUfl pucyHKoe po6ombt !Je TeiiHo, ony6!1uKo(WilltWl e

1587 z. M ywKemep Jtocum ut!lfl-

ny C IIU3KOU 111)lJ1bet{ U UIUfJOKUMU nORflhiU , KOmopafl lnO!lbKO 6XOOU!IG 6 A100)l, 'lm06bt Ita np0111flJICeiiUU C!leO)liOUfUX cma !lem cmomb OC/106/lblM ZO!I061tbt,l1 y6opOM MYWKemepor1. MytuKemep ooem 6 cmeZGilbl U Oy6Rem U IIGKUOK)i co ceu3

catOU(l/Jll p y Ka6oM . MytuKem oono;utumeJtbllO ocJtaU(eli y nopoAt.

F2: ApKe6y3up KoRU6ep ocma60JICfl 110 6oopyJtCel!uu ZOJ1JIGII0CKOlf GfJJIIUU 611110111b 00 f

609 Z.

f-!eU31"ieCI11110, IWK 63GUA100eUC/11(106G,7U apge6y3UfJbl u ;\I)!UtKemepbt 6 6010. BoeHHbiU 11!/Gii, po3pa6omawtbllf 6 TuR6epu, npeano11azaR ucnoJlb3oeamb ,HywKemepo6 6 Ka•tecmee ::;gpa!ta OJ/Jl l!acmy naewux nuKuJtepoe.

F3: [/uKuu ep Jfi10Jn 11UKU11ep /lOCUm KUpacy, ZOfJJICef/1, U/J/eM-JHOfJU0/1, I/(IJlfl06ellllUKU, 011J7e'lbfl U lf({fJY'IU, a magJtce ,uemGJUlui.JeCI<Ue nep•WmKu. /(6liJJceuue ap;ltaObt 'l ep e3 Jla-Mauw. )J,ambt npu6ei>eHbl Ollfl cm apozo u H060zo cmun eii. Cna6bie 6empbl Jll.ht ei>nflnu npo06U.Jiceuue, uo 6 t(eJ/OAt nozoi>a cm oRn a llY'tUte •te;lt o6bt•mo 6 JIIIO 6pe;ltfl zoi>a. HcnaucKu e tumypAtallbt, npu6blKwu e K ycll06llJ/;It Cpei>tl3e.htllozo ;ltOfJJI, CIIUifJaJiliCb n e 6blllYCK(lfllb 6epez 113 6110)1.

ENGLAND

t

I

FRANCE

16


Golde11 Lio11 6 :woe KaAf/Uifluu rjJn az JIOjJO ToAtac To 6apo. K opa6Jlb n ep ecmpoun u 110

1582 z. llpu npeJICIIf!Jit 6000113(500 11101111) II 'lliCJi etiiiOCI//11 3 KIInaJtCa (250 Kopa61l b Hec 32-35 nym eK, 11 e yc my tutH

npoe«my XO K11113a 6 At eU(eiiUU •t eJW6 eK)

maKuAt Kopa6n JtAt JI.peiiKa KllK Revenge, N on pareil, Vang uard u Rainbow. 110CJle.llH11e 113 YIICCeHHbiX B MOpe KOpa6JlCH CyMCJII1 BepII)'TbC}I. Me.lli1 Ha-CH.ll0HI1}1 nonpOCHJl KOpOJl}l OTMCHI1Tb onepal(H IO, fOBOp}l, 4TO Ha 60pTy KOpa6nc fi MIIOfO 60J1bllb1X, a 3an acoB HC x s aTaeT. obrno HCHO, LJTO rcpl\Or y)l{e COCT aBHJI OKOHYaTCJlbHOC MIICIIH C 06 onepaU,I111, KOTOpOH eMy np11wnocb PYKOBO.LJ.I1Tb. 11MeBwHecll s ero p acnop}I)I{CHHH CI1Ji bl 6blJlH a6COJ110THO HC./lOCTaTOLJHbl )lJUI .nocTH)I{CHHJl nocTasneHH bl X 3a.nal1. H o CDHnH nn s OTBCT JJHWb cyxo n oTpe6oBan OT repu.ora BblfiOJl ll ilTb TO, LJTO TOMY npHKa3aHo.

2 1 HIOJl}l

apMa.na cHosa Bbl lllna s Mope. 3a npowe.u-

wHe .LJ.H H Kopa6nH npown H peMOHT, y.nanocb IIOn onHHTb 3an aCbl n pO.UOBOJlbCTBHJl. H o IIOBbiH lllTOpM CIIOBa p acCC5lJl ap Ma.ny. rcp u,or 3apaHce II PCAYCMOTpcn no.no6Hb! H sap11a1n pa3BHTHJl co6brTHH, nOJTOMY y)l{c

29 HIOJlll ¢noT

A IIZ.J1llliCKIIe K(ll/1111/llllbl n ony'lllll ll lla3Ha•telllle 11{1 oon JICHOCII/b aoAmpaRo 6 lltOllbKO 113-3a c6o ezo 6nazopoou ozo lljJOIICXO.JtCOellUJI, He llJiteJI llUKllKOZO p ea!lbflOZO rjJJIOIIl0600•teCKOZO Ollb~llla. 3 m o ii JltepOLi J/OjJO To6ap0 3 r/Jr/JUUZI!.JI1 IICKJliO'IllJI 6CJIKytO 603,1tOJICIIOCIIIb C60e60J/IIH, KOI//OjJb/.J\1 Clla 6UJliiCb lllllK/te ,ltOjJCKIIe 60JIKII KllK X OKII/13 II (/>po6umep. Ha zpa6wpe ll306paJfCell CllAt ro6ap0 ua rjJo 11e Ct(ellbt tmw«u 11a Kaou c 6

1596 z. 17


G1: ApKe6yJup B OCN08y CJleoymqux 06JX W/JliOCmpa4ULl ;1e2i1U pucyNKU /l:JJCOJta J!.eppu«a I mage of Ireland (1 581), pucoeaewezo au211uiicKux conoam, Y'IGCmiJ06Q8UlUX 8 n.ooaenenuu eoccmanufl 6 l1pna11ouu. Auanozu'utbtJH o6pa3oM 8bl2JIJ/oe.nu onon<JellLfbl n.pu.MopcKux zparpcme, xomR :JKunupoeKa u 600py.JlCenue onon<teHLfee M02J/U6bt2Jlf!Oemb ne cmonb coepeAteww. ApKe6y3up IIOCurn ume;lhHOpuoll c zpe611e;11, cmezallbltt XOJ/U{O<Jblii :J/CUJ1ell1, 6elfe4UaHCKUe 6pUO:JICU, 'IJllKU u myr/JllU. B neam'i pyKe 01/ oep:JiCUtn apKe6y3)1-/fC/JIU6ep. Ha pucyNKax J!.eppu«a C/112Jltl'la"e IIOCflm apKe6)'3bl ua neea11 1ine<te. G2: lluKw tep ll0/11/bl U KOAI/ll/el<m oocnexoe, flO 6e3 IICI//JI08eiiiiUK08. Spuo:J!Cu yKopo<temtbte, KOmopbte o6bl'IIIO IIOCWIU orpuLfepbt. B t(eJtOAI COJ10a/11 3Kl/11UfJ06GII U 06JIIJfi0UfJ08all 6eCbAW nel7lloxo on5l fJfL006020. G3: Orput(ep B omtcbteaellbtii nepuoo oqJutfepbt 11e IIOcunu y11urpopAty, oa:J!Ce ec11u maKOBJIIO 6btoaaanu CO/IOC/IIlQM. Y :JmOcO orput(epa 6o2GII10 yKpatuetlltbn'i u/Jle;ll-6ypzoflem u euywume;1bfiOe, 110 coeepweu11o HenpaKmu<Juoe ;;~ea6o. Ty11oauUfe 3aUfUU{eflo KO:JJCC/"oii KypmKot'i u Kupacot'i.

B mpaypuoii upot(eccuu y•tacmaoaa11u «JIOIU)OIICKite ZOp O:HCQIIe, flfJ{IKiflUK08U8It/lleCR 6 opy:JtCUIW. Ouu ciJeJUIJlll oaa JU/1fl{l uaiJ AtOZunoii IIOJIK0811UKa. Orput(epbt IIOCIIJIU ZfJUJICiJUIICKJ IO oiJeJtciJy iJaJtCe 8 cmpow. lliJtJm a y«pauteua iJopozoii 6potu bto, «yuwKu uJ nuujmtbt, Ctm ozu 11ep e6R3aHbt UIIIJfJKtl.Mll. C06paJJCSI B 3apaHee OfOBOpCHIIOH T04KC paH,nesy. n S!Th KOpa6nei1 uponan11, B TOM •r11cne Santa Ana Xyaua ,ne MapT11rreca, KOTOpaS! ycnena .no Ha'iana WTOpMa yK)JbiTbCSI s JlaOre, r:nc 11 oCTasanacb .no KOHua Ka~maH I111. San ta Ana 6hrn 768-TOHHblM qmarMaiiOM 6 11CKaMCKOH 3CKaJl)Jbl. TIOTepS! nyweK 11

32

300 MaTpOCOB 3aMeTHO OCJJa6HJJa 3CK(!Jlpy.

H a CJJCAYIOJ..UHH ACHb 11CIIaHUbl )')Ke HaXO.lli1JIHCb s BI1AY MblCa JlH3ap,n. COCTOSIJICSI IIOBbiH BOCHHblH COBCT, Ha KOTOpOM 06C)0K)J,aJiaCb B03MOlKHOCTb aTaKH aHrJJHHCKOH BOCHHOH 6aJbl s n n11Myre. XoTSJ HCKOTOpbre oqmuepbr BbJCKaJaJJHCb B 110Jib3y aTaKH, KOTOJJM AOJI)I(IIa 6bUla CTaTb OTBe1'0M Ha Hanane•me Ha Ka.u11c, 6hrno peweHo oT HanancH1151 B03Aep)l(aTbC$J. repu o r llOKJJa)lb!BaJJ KOpOIIlO, 4TO rnaBHOH n p H'111HOH, 3aCTaBI1BWCH CfO B03llep)l(aTbC51 OT Haf"I(!JlCH1151, 6biJI3 TPYllHOCTb BXO)la B raBaHb nnHMyTa, 11Meswero CJIOlKHbi H 11 xopowo 3aJ..UHJ..Uellll biH cpap saTep . n o cne so3spaJ..UeHHSJ OCTaTKOB apMallbi B Yfc n aJ-I HIO,

3ry llepeWH"l'eJibiiOCTb MHO-

me CTaBHJIH repuory B BHHy. Ha CaMOM nene BOCII Hb! H COBCT 11 JJ11H51JI BfiOJIHC B3BCw eHHOe peweHHe.

29

HIOJJll Kan :-t:TaH T oMac <t>ncMHHr Ha

6opry Go l den Hi nd y)l(c npmtec JJ Tin HMYT 113BCCTI1e o nOSIBJICHHH 11cnaHcKoi1 apMa)lbJ. Aurn H YaHe no)lrOTOBHJJH o6opo11y nopTa, a TaK)I(e n o)llll!JJH no Tpesore cpnoT. Kor)la s

22:00

Meni1Ha-CH)lOHHSJ )lep)l(aJJ soeHH biH co-

18


BCT B HCCKOJibKHX ,UCCHTK3X MHJIHX OT 6epera, aHrnH•iauc y)Ke co6pan11 MO!l(HYJ<) ::JCKanp y s pai1oHe Peil:M-Xe.na. YTpOM

30

HJ<)JHI aHm HikKHH 3.ll.M HpaJJ JJOpll fosap.Q 3<jJ<jJHHreM BbiBCJI CBOH QJJJOT LIHCJICHHOCTb!O

54

Bbi MfiCJIOB B MOp e.

Q

IIO)(BJieHHH

apMa.UbJ y 6cpcros AHriiH H no uenoLJKe CH rnanhH hiX 6aweH nepe.D.aiiH B.ll.OIIb no6epe)KhH B JlOH.D.OH, a Ha CIIC.UYIOLUHH ,UeHb o n o HsJJeHHH HcnaHues 3HaJJH y)Ke sHopKe H }J,apCMC. IIepsbJH KOHTaKT Me)K.lJ.Y <pnoTaMH 11p01130WCJI

31 HIOJUI,

KO[lla apMa,Ua BOLU-

Jia B «p)'KaB». B eTep CMeHHIICH 113 BOCTOLI110-CeBep O-BOCTO'IIIbiH, H 3HrJIHLJ311C H3'13II H M3HCBp, CTapaRCb H3BJICLib 113 norO.D.bl 110Jlb3y. BOCIIII 3)( TeOpHH TOrO Bp CMeHH Tpe6oBaJJa OT fosap.D.a 3<jJql11HfCMa noCTaBHTb CBOH QJJIOT nepe.D. HCn aHCKHM, 'IT06hl 6JIOK11pOB3Tb npOXO.U fiOCIIC,UIICrQ fl O Jla-MaHwy. H o no.uo61JaH TaKTHKa no3soIIHIIa 6hl HCII3HU3M H3BH33Tb 311fJIH'13H3M 6JJ H)KHHH 6oi1, u ei1TpaJIH3osas npcsocxo.D.CTBO 3Hfii11'1311 B .D.aJibH060HIIOH apTHJIJICpHH H fiOJIHOCTbJ<) BOCfi0IIb3083BW HCb CBOHM npCBOCXO,UCTBOM B a60p.lJ.3)KHbiX KOMaH.uax. A u riiHHCKHH a.UMHpan noocn

fOJIJUIHOU,bl JCIIIJIIOJIU 6 IUtal/e IIOf)Z0/1106Ke COJ/Oam IICIU/11/(fi.M. A u m uiiCKlte KGIIUIIW-

CBOH <jJJIOT B,UOIIb o6pall(CHIIOrO B CTOpO-

IIbt, CjJllJICQ6lUUeCJI 8 COC/IIfl6e ZOJ/J/lliiOCKOU llj).Mllll, n ep e llli.MOJIU ZOJ/JlatlOCKllil 01/bllll,

HY MOpH <jJnaura HcnaHues, napanneJJbHO

X0111R 6jJRO Jill ycne.nu ezo 61/eOpumt, 6 II00Z01110f!KJ flHZJlllUCKOZO 01/0ll'tei/IIH 00

/ 588 Z.

foJtllattOCKOJt zpa6wpa ~tJo6pa.?tauoU(aR amaKy alli'.JIIuicKu x 6pa110epo8 u c tum cKoii apAWf) bi. Ha pucy11Ke 6oJtbtue 6btOy.llt(l/IIIOZo, 11e:Jfcenu p eMbnozo. Jfc naucKue zMepbt (CJte8a 11a nepe 011e.M nllaJte) oo Ha - Mauma u e ooumu, a 6pauoepbt 11eCJtu .llffl'llllbt. Co,,meltuJt 6bl3 b/6{ll()/11 8b/COKU€ l/{l0CI1ljJOliKll 1/{l 1/0CJ II K0jJJI1€ {11/i'.JlllUCKllX KOjJfl6Jieti 6 CjJfl611€1/llll C IICIUl/ICKU,Itll.

B

lll lfl/1€ 1110 /IIW-

J/Cfl aHm mic Ku e KOpa6Jtu u e ycmy11Mu u CJUIIICKttJI1, a pacnpoc mpaHeHHOe J a6ll)IJICOeuue 8bi36fliiO m eAt tjJaKmO,It, •mw aum micKflH 111011/lll 6blll(l IIIHJICeJlee UCI/{1/lCKOii.

19


H 1:

3 11CIIIl

Y :)IICU/1([

fiJIOCK([fl U/J/f//1(/ C nepOAI, C'IU-

111G8U/QflCfl MOOIIOii GO rtpeMelta rellpuxa

VIII,

110 K

1588 z . BbtZJ/JIORU(aft allaxpOIIU:J-

AtOAt. flo - euOtt.,IIC)Jit)', :Y/110111 31/Clllt lllO!tbKO :J(/1/f/.,1 ceoii nocm. XomR 01/ ooem 0060o1bIIO 1/Gj)fiOIIO, tt:J OOCI1CX06 )'CI1eJI o6:Jar!eC111UCb 11101/bKO ZOfJ.?ICC/IlOA•I. 3HCUII 1/CCC/11 :JitGAtfl c zeopzueecKuM KpecmOAt u •te111btpMm po:Ja-11u Ttooopoe.

H 2: Eapa6amt(IIK W ,1Rna c IHocKoii myJtbeii u y:JKtwu noJt.fiMtt. KaAt30Jt- oy6Jtem c 11e6oJtbWl1J11U OllJ/e'tbftJit!l, IIC6b/COKIIAI flOfJ0/11/IUKOoii-C/'1/0UKOii

tt lle60o1blUU.Mtt /10,7CWU. EpuOJICLI KOpomKLte C 6blj)GJ/Cellltbl.ll ?)',1b(jJLIKO,II.

H3:

K o wtbt i i

IIOZpauu •llmK

flozpmtu<tllbte K0/11/bte •tacmu KO,\mJteKmoeaJtucb ,HecmltbiJIIU .?lcumeJtRAtu.

B

u x 3a-

oa•ty 6X00tL70 11j)UKjJbf(f([/11b GI/?,10-UIOI11.1CI/10CK)'IO ZjJG/Illl()' 0111 60:WOJ/C/Ib/X 61110j)JtCeii!IU c ceeepa. no?paHU'IIIUKu eoopyJICaJtuCb caJwocmoRmeJtl>ltO. 3mom nozpaltu<lltttK ltocum OJtttiiii)'IO KOJtb'tyzy, KOnbe L1 11e6D-JblUOU ll(LIII1-6aKJtep.

TCJlbHO paCrtOJ10)1(11Jl C3MbiC MOUJ.IIbiC CBOH Kopa6nH. ApMa)J.a ycnewno npHKpbiBana Yll3BHMbie TpaHCt tOpTbt 11 KOHUCHTpHposa-

na

CBOH 60CBbiC KOpa6Jll1.

31

lfiOJUI: n Cp BOC CTOJIKU OBCJUIC

8 9:00

rosap.u IIOCTpOHJl CBOH KOpa6-

Jl11 s JJHHHIO. Bo rnal3c BCTan A r k Royal 3)J.M11p311bCKI1H (~JJarMaH. l.(eJibiO 3TaKI1

fosapt~ Bb16pan IO)I(llbiH por apM3)J.bl, Ha KOTOpOM H3XO)J.HJ111Cb raneOHbl JICB31JTCnyCTHB Ot\HY JCKa,LI.py B,[(OJib 6epera, Ha COe,[(HHCIIHe C JJOp t\OM3)J.M11p3JJOM. )TO 6biJI Q<Ieiib YLl3'lllbiH M3lleBp, OK333BW11H Ita HcnaHues CHJJbliOe sneqameHHC.

tf.)uHor,s

I l o Met~HHa-CHt~OH Hll He pac90 rp3!J.YCOB 11 110CTp011Jl ero

orr£,;;; rlJu:fttm. n

~mo Co~cnr~-J-

TepllJicll, p33sepuyn CBOH <j>JJOT I 13

IIOJIYMCCl!UCM, pora KOTOporo BbiTllHYJIHCb K 6eperaM A.Hr!ll111.

.'

Y)l(e 3TH ncpBbie MaHeBpbl noKaJanH pa3t tH UY B nOJJ.XOJJ.ax npoTHBHHKOB. AllrstwtaHc upHBbiKJJH ,!ICHCTBOBaTb He6onbWHMH 0Tpll)J.3MI1 B CB060,!1HOM CTpOtO, OHH IIC YMCJIH <j>OpM11pOB3Tb llJJOHlblC llOCTpOCHHll, "'TO nerKO npOJJ.CJ13Jll1 11CI13HUbl. AHrnHHCKal! TaKTHKa nO,!IXOJJ.HJJa JJ.JJll ATJJaHTHKH. l1cnaHUbt HMCJJH 3a nne<taM H onbiT BOHHbt Ha CpenH3CM IIOM Mope, r.ue r a11epb1 scer.ua .uei1cTsosaJl i1 s nnoTHOM cTpOto, a HY)I(.llbt s napycHOM MaHespc HC 6 btJJO. H a caMOM .uene y Hcn aHues 6btno 11 MHO)I(CCTBO HCKyCHb!X M3CTCpOB napyCIIOrO CyJJ.OBO)I(,!ICHHll, 110 HX T3h.'TI1'1CCKOC MblWJlCHHC OrpaH H'l i1 B3JlOCb Oll b!TOM 11JI3B3H Hll Ha CpeJJ.H3eMHOM Mope, KOTopbiH cosepweHHO He ro.llHJlCll s ycstOBHl!X cesep HOH ATnaHTHKH. HcnaHUbi 6btJl H s n e YaTJJCHbt Mopexo.UHbJMH Ka'tecTs aM H 11 'lHCJJeHHOCTbiO aHrnHi1CKHX Kopa6nei1. H o 11 aHrnH <IaHe 6biJI H HCnyraHbl 'lHCJJCHHOCTb!O HCI13HCKOrO <j>JJOTa. AKTHBHO 3T3KOB3Tb 3HI1111'l311e He MOfJl H, 1103TOM)' HM llpH UIJJOCb YiJ.3p HTb no p o r aM nonyMCCl!Ua, rt~e Me.U HH a - C Ht~O HHll n peLJ.yCM OTPH-

Oqml{epbt Kowwzo non Ka cJpa <l>un unna CuiJuen ua ezo 110x opouax 6 158 7 z. lfnmocmpat(llll Jlauma. Jf:J oocnexo6 6110llbt 11/0RbKO KllfJGCbl.

20


Myut«emepbt a •t epH btX u aKu OKax, cn et(tUtnbiiO II Outu/1/ btX OiiR 11oxopo11 CuiJ11eR. 0 110/l'lell t( bt IIOCunu co6cm aeu11y to OOe.?ICOJ ao ape.ttJI y•teii Uii, a JIIUcjJOp.tty IIOllJ'Ulllll 1110!1/JKO lUI ap e.ttJl ;ltOOU!lllJUI(llll.

KOH :>CKa.D,pbt no.D, KOMaHllOBaul1eM ,lle-Jlei16a. Ark Royal 3awen B TbJn nonyMeCllt(y, B JTOT MOMeiiT npOTHBHHKI1 06MeHllni-1Cb nepsbJM 3annoM. ltlcnaHl(bl nbiTaJtHCb c6ni1311TbCll, BO fosapll ,nep)l(aJl ll11CTaHl(l110. flepBbiH 3ann OC06btX nospe)I(.D,eHHH ue npH'li1HHn. TeM speMetieM .[l.peHK na Revenge npH no.D,.D,ep)I(Ke Triumph, Victory 11 HeCKOJlbKI1X 11pynrx Kopa6nert aTaKosan cesepubtH por nonyMeClll(a. 3.D,ecb HaSan Juan de Portugal.D,ep)l(an <j>nar XyaH MapTHHec 11e PeKanhlle . .[I.e PeKanblle npHKa3an ocTaJtbHbtM KOpa6nliM CBOeJ1 :JCKa.D,pbl npO)l0J1)1(11Tb llBH)I(eHI1e, a caM nmuen uasCTpeLty aurmtLtaHaM. Dp11LJI1Hbt TaKoro nocrynKa Hel!CHbt. BepoliTHO, 11cnaucK11H a.D,M11pan HaMepesancll 3aBll3aTb a6op.ua)I(HbtH 6oi1 c aHrnHHCKI1M raneOHOM. Ho c6ni13HTbCll c npoTHBHI1KOM He y.D,anocb. AHrJ111LfaHe.D,ep)l(anHll11CTaHUHIO nopllllKa 300 M 11 B Te1.Je1111e 6onee LJaCa BeJ111 011)Hb nO HCilaHCKOMy r,UJeOHy. BH.D,ll TaKoe uono)l(eBI1e .D,en, repllor Me.D,I1 tta-CH.U01111ll 6pocHit ua noMOUJ.b .ue PeKanr,.ue 6HcKaHCKYJO :JcKa.upy. 3-ro 113MeB11JlO 6ruraHc C11Jl Ha ceseptlOM <j>naHre. ltlcnaHl(bt norrbrrani1Cb HaBHJaTb aHrnl1'laHaM 6oi1, HO Te OTOLW111. K 13:00 60H npeKpaTI1J1Cll. 0KOJ10 16:00 npOH30WJ1H .D,Ba HHUH.D,eHTa, KOTOpbie JlHUIHJlH apMaAy .usyx 6oeBbiX Kopa6nei1. CHa'lana Nuestra Senora del Rosario, <j>narMaH :JcKa.D,pbl BanbAe, spe3anacb s .upyroi1 Kopa6nh 11 noTepl!na 6ywnp11T. BcKope Ha San Salvador np0113owen B3pb!B, 'laCTHlJIIO pa3pyiiJI1BWI1H lOTH nory6HBWHH 3Ha'II1TeJlbiiYIO 'laCTb KOMaHAbt. TeM speMeHeM Nuestra Senora del Rosario noTepl!na 11 <j>oK-Ma'ITy, s pe3ynbTaTe 'lero noTepllna xon. San Salvador y.uaJJOCb B3l1Tb Ha 6yKC11p. ApMana uowna nanbwe, Nuestra Senora del Rosario OCTaJlaCb Ha MeCTe B COrtpOBO)I(IleiiHH HeCKOJlbKHX Kopa6nei1. HoLJbJO ,llpei1K nosen csoro 3CKa.upy snepe.u, npHKa3as KOpa6nl!M OpHeiiTHpOBaThCll no 60JlbWOMY <j>o11ap10 Ba KOpMe <jmarMalla. fosap.D, nOTepliJI 113 BI1.D,a OrHI1 )lpeHKa, HO npOAOJf)I(11Jl .UB11)1(elll1e. Ha paccseTe fosap.u o6Hapy)I(I1Jt, 'ITO OKa3aJ1Cll pllllOM c <lmarMaHoM Hcnauues . .6oll fosapA JJC np11H.sJn H nocHeWHJJ OTCTYil11Tb. ,llpei1K yTpOM OKa3aJ1Cll pli.UOM co CTOl!UJ.eH Nuestra Senora del Rosario. ltlcnaHUbl Kan11Tyn11posam1 6e3 6o}J.

Ap Ke6yJupbt, y•w cmayJOu{ ue a mpaypnoii llfJOt(eccuu. ApKe6yJllfJ a t(ellmpe oepJIClllll a neaoii py«e mnetou(uii l/mmunb.

Kup aca, JacmezuaafOU(flJlCJl c11epeou, 11anooo6u e KaMJOJta.

21


11: Mampoc B ocuo8y UJtiiJocmpaL!ULl noJtOJICeno UJOauue

1588 2. Th e Mariners Mirrow: BJI3aii-

II((Jt utepcmmta>l wanKa, OJ/UIIItbn'i nJtaut, 6puOJICU, C6l/COIOLL{Ue 00 J/OObtJICeK - XQpaKmepllbte npeOAtembt AtampoccKozo zap oepo6a. 31710 ;lf((tnjJOC110jJ)'CIIOU KOJIIQH()bt, 110::JII10A1)' Oil 600jJ)'J/Ce/i 1110/lbKO KOptnUKOAI. Ho npu ueo6xootwocmu .llampoCbi ,uoz.Hu 600fJ)'JICOII1bCJI Jlte<f((oi'/U U jJ)'JICbJIA1U. Kauouup

12:

KaiiOHttpbi, yMeJOUfUe o6pautambCJI c nywKOAtu, eceziJa C'ILI111MUCb OecjJULIU/111/0U cnetfU0..,1btlOCII1bJO. Ouu noJty•ta.,w uerwoxoe JICOII06GHbe, o •teAt ceuoeme.nbcmeyem ux liQjJJIO/taJI OOe:JICOa. B pyKax KQ/101/UjJ oepJICU/11 qJUtnUJ/bllbltt llaJ/bi/UK C 6b!pe3G/lll0lt ua ue,\I zoJtoeot'i KpoKoou.w. TJteJOufuii r/JumUJtb 6CI110fJJ/JIJ/CJl 8 KfJOKOOUJibU <fel/10cmu. flaJibiiUK n0380R>W 8ocnJtaAteHJII11b nopox, iJepJ!COCb

ff{(

6eJonacuo.ll paccmo-

Juwu om nywKu.

13: MopcKoii or/Jui(ep MopCKue ocjJUL!epbt J/Cl/1/U C08Cell 6 opy2UX yc..708UJ/X, no cpaeneuwo c pJI008bWU ;HampocaMu. B OCNOfly UJIJIIOcmpmfuu no,?OJICell nopmpem Mapmuna C/Jpo6uutepa. na)lHhiH BCTCp, 'ICM <l>p06HUJep HC npCM11li)'JI BOCIIOJlb30BaTbC$1 11 BblpBaJJC$1 H3 OKpy)f{CIIH$1. K ::>TOMY BpCMCII11 aHrml'lai iC llaLfallH 11CilbiTbiBaTb HCXBaTK)' nopoxa, )lOCTaB HTb 60C11pHnaCbl TpaHCfi OpTOM 113 6JIH)f{aHWCI'O ropo)la ue ynarroch. B cpeny CHoBa peuJa1owero nepcnoMa HHKTO 11c cMor .uo611TbC$1. B 'ICTBepr CTOHJI WT11IIb, TaK 'ITO XoKI1H3Y 11p11w noch 6yKcHposaTb Victory c IIOMOLUbiO w monoK, LfT06bl nepexsaTH Tb )lBa HCIIaH CK HX OTCTaBUJHX B TOT )f{e ,UeHb ua'Jan TOH)'Tb San Salvador.

C$1 060HTH apMa)ly CO CTOp011 bl MOpH, HO

TpaHCilOpTa. !Io 11Cil3HUhl Bbl)lBHH)'JlH BC-

MaH.ny. no3)ll lee f!Oll)'3aTOH)'BW11H KO-

nonan non ynap )J,e-J1ci16bJ. Owm 113 KanHTaHOB rosap)la Mapn!H Cl>po6Hwep

CCJlbHbte r aneacbl , KOTOpbiC ycnen11 11 a

pa61lb uawen 11 3axsaT11n ToM <l>neM11Hr Ha

nonan s Tpy)lHOe nono)f{eHHC - ero npH-

AHrHH'Jalle Ha'1an11 KOnHposaTh HC-

)f{a1111 K 6epery 8 paHOIIC £opTlleH)J,-OI1Jill.

nai!CK)'JO TaKTHKy, pa36HB csoi1 ¢noT Ha LfeTbl pe 3CKa):(ph1 , KOTOpbl e B03rJJaBHllH

Kopa61lb oTuen 111111 11 :>BaKy11posan11 KO-

Golden Hind.

H o 110AOHTI1 K HCM)' 11CnaHUbl He CM0flll1

Maucspbl 2-5 asrycra ITo Mcpe Toro, KaK apMa.na npo.nsl1ra-

H3-3a OTllHBa. rosap.n 11 Me)lHJJa-CH)l01!11H

r osapu, )J,pCHK, <l>po6HLU Cp 11 XOKHJJ3.

llOCilCUJ I1JII1 K MCCTY CTbiLfKH, 'IT06hl pa3-

Kor.ua no.uyJJ 6pH3, TPH JCKanpbl aTaKosanH HCJlaHCKI1H apbcprap)l, TOr,Ua KaK LfCT-

BI1Tb )'CIICX, HO B JTOT MOMCHT llOA)'ll 3a-

nach B)lOJib J1a- MaHwa, MC):(I111a-CHAOH11$1 sec 6onb w e

Bblp)''IK)' OTCTaBUJHM.

w 6om, w e onacanc51 y):(apa

¢ noTa Cei1Mypa, CT051Bw cro B pai1o1-1c )J,yspa. f epuor nepeCTp011JI CBOIO apM3)ly. KoMaHAOBaHI1C asaHrap)lOM 011 np11H$11l 1-1a ce6}1 , a so mase apbeprap)la nocTaBHn )J,eJ1ci16y. Bo BTOpH11K 2 asrycTa nonyn cse)f{l1ii BOCTO'IIIbiH BeTCp. fosap)l 110l1b1TallCH o6oi1nt 11cnaHues. CHaLfana OH nolllCJI MC)f{)l)' apMa)lOH H 6cperOM AH I"Jl i1H, 110 ero aTaKosan repuor. 3aTeM 011 nOIIbiTanKoRect(OfJbtii Kapa6un-nempoueJlb. flpuKflai> Jmoii r/JOJMtbl ymtpMu 6 zpyi>h, a ue 6 nRe•w. Kapa6un II0360JIJIJ1 no6/JICU111b ozue6yl0 .MOU(b KO/llllll(bl.

22


BCpTa.!l CB513ana 60CM asaHrap,n. <l>p0611U1ep CHOBa OK33aJJC51 OTpe3aHHbiM c uo.nseTpeHHOH CTOpOHbl. EMy Ha BbiPYLIKY ompaBHJJI1

II

rpc6HbiX JJOJ.\OK, KOTOpbiC .nomKHbl 6biJJ11 oT6yKC11posaTh

3aJKaTbiH Kopa6Jib. llo cHosa nocseJKen BCTcp, 11 <t>po611wep cy Men BbipBaTbC.!I caM. TeM spcMeHeM ,l],peHK aTaKOBaJI 11cnat1CKI1H <j>na11r, o6pall(CHHbiH K OTKpbiTOMy MOplO, CTap351Cb npH)f(aTb HCnamtCB K 6epery, K onacHbiM CKanaM s pai1oHe Oy::>pc. 1-Io 11cnaHub1 cyMcnl1 H36eJK3Tb o naCHOCTH 11 npopBaTbC.!I B OTKpbiTOC MOpe. K

6 asrycTa

o6a cpn oTa OK33aJIHCb s HenpOCTOM nOJJOJKelll111.

Me,li.HIIa-CHllOHI1 51 IIC 11Men HI1KaKOH CB51311 C JiapMOH , no::>TOMY 1111KaK IIC MOf OUC1~11Tb )..\aJl bHCHW11C nepcnCKT11Bbl KaMnaHI111. HexsaTKa 6onbwl1x r:ny6oKoso,nHbiX nopTOB 3aTPY.li.H.stna nei1CTBH.!I apMa,ll.b.l. DmiJKaHW11H no,nXOJVillli1H ,li.Jl51 norpy3KI1 Ha 6opT ap.Ma.1\bl ncxoTHOro ,11.ecauTa nopT 6bln Kane, Kyna 11 HanpaBI1JJC51 MeJ.\11Ha-C111lOII115t. fosap,n TOJKe C lleysepeWWCT biO CMOTpCJI B 6y,nyutee, TaK K3K HeCMOTp.st Ha BCC Cf O yC11Jl11.!1 11 110lJTI1 llOJJIIOCTbiO 113paCXO).l0BaH HbiH 60C3311aC, 11CllaHCKa51 apMana 11p01l0Jl)Kana )l,BHJKeHI1C 11 .uaJKe 11e noKa3biBana np11311aKOB paccTpoi1cTsa. Kor)l.a apMa,na rt051BHJiaCb y II06epC1KMI (()naH)l.p1111, fosapn np11CT)'ni1Jl K pCWI1TCJlbHbiM llCHCTBIUIM , 11MC51 ueJJbiO YIII-14TOJKI1Tb 11Jl l1 XOT.s! 6bl paccC.stTb <j>noT npOTI1BHI1Ka. OH np11K33an CBOI1M 3KHIIaJKaM coKp3TI1Tb )1.11CTaHI.li1IO 6o51.

35 Kopa6nei1

non KOMaH)l.OBaiii1CM Cei1-

Mypa, rtp11Kpb1B3BWI1X Jia-,ne-Kane, rtp11COe)l,I1HI1Jl11Cb K <j>JJOTY rosap.na.

113

A HfJII1 11 y)l.aJJOCb rtOJIY411Tb nopox 11 51)l,pa. YITaK,

o6a <j>noTa np116btnl1 s pai1oH KaJ1e.

6-8 ,4peaKoaoe opyJtcue. Oleaa uanpaao: l1Jle6api>a, Me6api>a, pozamuua, Me6api>a, monop, Me6api>a.

asryCTa: 6pannepbt

y

Kane

,l],sa <j>noTa scTpCT11ni1Cb s pai;foHe Kane. AHrni1YaHe onacaJl11Cb, LITO <j>paHUY3bl TIOMOfyT 11Crt3HL(aM rtOrtOJIHHTb 60CKOMnneKT, 110 M3p ropona COfJlaCHJlC.!I npO,li.3Tb

~ICOaHuaM

TOJlbKO mtuty

11 npccHyJO BOAY. Dbtno OLteBI1.li.HO, LITO apMa,ll.a Haxo)l.I1TC.st s nonoJKCHI1H, y.st3BI1MOM M.st aTaKH 6paHnepos. IIo3TOMY rcpuor npHKaJan c<j>opMHpOBaTb 3aCJJOH H3 11e60JJbWHX JIO,li.OK. AHrJJI1LJaHe TCM BpeMeHeM fOTOBHJII1 6paH.UCpb1 - BOCeMb KOpa6neJ1 BOllOH3MCll.leHHeM OT

90 )1,0 200 TOHH. 8 asrycTa HCnaHUbl BCTpCTMnli C 6eCllOKOHCTBOM.

T-IOLJb C 7 Ha

BcKope 11x xy.ll.wHe o n ace1-111.st onpas.nanHCb. BoceMb 6paH)l.epos, BbiCTpOCHHbiX B Jll1 111110, H3LJaJJI1 )l,BI11KCHI1C B CTOpOHy 11CrtaHCKOH apMa)l.bl. ,l],sa KpaHHI1X 6pa11,11.epa y.nanocb nepexsan-nb, 110 .nsa cne)l.ytOLU11X npopsan 11 no.noLIHYIO Ltenb. XoT.st HH O,li.Horo HCnaHcKoro Kopa6n.s~ 6paH)l.epaM no)l,)f(eLJb He ynanocb, HO 11x aTaKa Bbi3Bana TaKOH nepertOJJOX B 11CrtaHCKOM nar epc, LITO apMa.rta IIOJIHOCTbiO paCCbiii3Jl3 CTpOH, a HCCKOJi bKO KOpa6n ei1 CTOJIKHYJJ I1Cb. Kopa6n11 rtOTepllJJI1 .llpyr Apyra B IIOLIHOH TeMHOTC. H a paccseTe

8

asrycTa MenHHa-CI1.li.OHI151 o6HapyJKI1JJ , 4TO

OK333JICll 0,!1.11H B COrtpOBOJK,LleHI111 BCero LJCTblpex raneOHOB. JJeMellJICIIJ-10 011 no.uan CHrHan K c6opy. rosap.u nosen cso10 3CKa)l,PY Ha nepexsaT raJ1eaca San Lorenzo, KOTOpbiH wen MI1MO Kane. ,l],pei1K noscJJ Tp11 ,11.pym x 3CKallpb1 n poT I1B Me.n.I1Hbl -C11.rtOIII1~1 11 ero rt51TI1 Kopa6nei1. IIoro)l,a yxy.rtUJI1nacb, BI1J.l11MOCTb ynana, 1103TOMY 061UCH K3pT11Hbl CpaJKeHI151 He BHJ.(eJJ HHKTO. DOH pacrt3JIC51 113 HeCKOJibKO 11301l11pOBaHHbiX 0LiafOB. ,l],peHK 06CTpC1TllJl 11Cn3HCKI1H cjmarMaH, a 3aTeM rtOBCJJ CBOIO ::>CKa,npy 11a .n.pyryJO uenb, OCTaBI1B npOTI1BHMKa s pacnopli1KCHHI1 cDpo611wepa 11 XoKI1H3a. nocTen e HHO 11CrtaHCKa51 ap.Ma,na co611pana CI1Ji bJ. B pe3YJJbTaTe yJKe

25

11CIIaHCKI1X KOpa6nei;f 06pa30BaJIH CTpOH.

McnaHI.lbl 11CllbiTbJBanH ocTpbiH ne<j>11u11T 6oenp11nacos,

ARe6api>bepbt ue nodtn u naKui>oK, KliK i>pyzue onoJt•tellt(bt.

no3TOMY 3KOHOMHJJI1 BbiCTpenbl. Al·lrJJHLJaHc IIOH51JIH , 'ITO MO-

KaJtCObtii nocum ca01o oi>eJtci>y, ua •uno yKll3btaaem pa3ublii pucynoK na 6puOJtcax u pyKaaax Kli.M30ilOB. Kupacbt, uanpomua, et)UHOZO o6pll31(ll, 3(1KYilll€111/ble Cpll.3y 11(1 8CIO jJOIII)\

ryT 6e3HaKa3a HH O 11pH6Jll-IJKaTbCll K npOTHBHHKy, He pHCKYll IIOrraCTb non ero oroHb. BrrepBble HC IIaHcK He Kopa6nH no.nseprni1Cb n p H UeJlbiiOMY 06CTpen y CO CTOpOIIbl npOTHBHHKa.

23


1 I: 11cmmc«uii .ltYUlKemep C1eOyJOUf!le !1.1,110C111patf!lll 83H/11hl l/3 pa6om Teooopa oe Gpu u zpa810p mozo ape.1te11u.

Y Aty wKemepa

w ;t e.M -Ji topuoll, yKpatuell-

llbtii nJIIO,IIG.)ICe.ll, KG.l/30.~ , KOfJOIIIKue 6puO.JIC!I. Ha wee norm3all wap¢. 011 aoopy.JJce/1 mR:JICe tb/.11 ,1/)'UJKemo,ll c oy.tbltbW y n opo.11. '3ampa8o'1Hblli nopox .11ywKem ep 11ocum 8 ,1/CCJeHbKOii nopoxmt111/Lfe.

1lcu1ecKu

nopoxa no.lletlf ellbl 8 namp011111aw. flamp01unaw

JltOZ.Hu IIOClllllh KaK 'lepe.J npa8oe, maK u •tepe3 Jte6oe n!le•Jo. JWW1RY

XVJJ

K

(1. ycmaiiO(IUJtaCI> mpaoutjUJ/ nocum1> nampo11maw

'1epe3 npaaoe ll:te•tO, 0 •1e..11 CflUOeme.?bCf/Ut}'/0111 puCyHK!I /f,e reti1/G. flpt18bi'IKO 1/0CI//IIb 3(/:JICJICeHHbllt rjJUIIILUb 6 fllOlt ,)/Ce j))'Ke, '11110 U 3CifJfiJICellllb/U apKe6y3, npeceKG.7C/Cb, 110CK0,1bKY C.ly'IC/lt1/Gft UCI<pa M0?.7Cl npueecmu K 8btcmpe:ty.

12:

J1Cil(li/CKllii apKe6y3llfJ

W .1J111a c 11113KOii my,7beti u wupoKtwu no,m ,11u, KC/.1130,7 c n.1e•lltKCLIILI. 6puO.JIC!I .IIeLUK08C/111bte, 11006J/.3CIIIbl 1100 K0.7ellfW!I. Jl,Oe0.1bIIO 110HOLUel/l/bltl KOC!Il/0.11 XCifJGK111epe11 0.7R UCIIG/1/{ee, c:ty:J!Ct/(tU/UX 60 (j)JIGIIOfJU!I. J1cnaHCKGfl apMUJt 60 (/)JIGIIOfJUU 110C/110f/IIIIO lleOono!ly•JCtJW .?Jccwoaallbe, no:Jmo,Hy o;m co;toam •tacmo eoullcmeemlbt,lf ebtxooo.lf 6butO AWpooepcmeo.

13: I1c11auc«uti IIIIKUHep a ooc11exax flliKUIIepbl m eptfUU ll00fJG30€!,1J/..1UCb HC/ 111Jt:J!Ce.%1X (IIOCf/UjUX OOC!leXU) u .He2K!IX (6e.J oocne.xo6).

y :Jfl1020 11UKU11epa OOe:JICOC/ yKpcn uel/a

JleNtnO'IKGJI'IU U nepbfl.MU. f V tC/CCLI'IeCKUU 6ypt!OIIell1 C K03blfJbKOAI 006bllll 20e-m0 npu pmzpa6~ei/UU 20J/J/Gf/OCKLIX i?OfJ0008. 51.n.pa KpOUII1fll1 6 HMCbi , UJ.enKI1 ycTHJJaJIH nany6bJ. H ecMOTp$1 Ha T$1lKeiJOe nOIIOlKeHI1e , 11Cna lll.(hl rep011YCCKI1 060p011$1Jli1Cb, Be.D.H 6oi1 .n.o no cne.n.Hero. BHe3ar111 o ll a JJeTeBUJI1H UJ KBaiJ II 03BOJJI1IJ 11 CIIaiiJ (aM o TopsaTbC$1 OT aHrJJI1'IaH . )J,sa raneo 11a- San Mateo 11 San Felipe - Kpei:Jc11posan11 Ty.n.a-cio.n.a , cTapaHCb 1136elKaTh 3aTOIIJICHI1$1. H o 113-3a 110BpelK.D.CIII1H KOpa6IJI1 He MOr Ill1 pa3BI1Tb II OII II YIO CKOp OCTb, 1103TOMY peU1 11 Jl 11 CHO I3a BCTyll11Th B 60 H. l lo a HriJI1'Ja ll e 60S! II C n p 11HHJII1 , TaK KaK K 1 TOM Y 13p CMell l1 11 y HI1X KOH'I I1JII1Cb 6oe 11 p11naCbl. Cy.n.b6a Cblrpana CUJ.C O.ll.HY UIYTKY, npelK.D.e ' IeM cpalKCHI1e B Jla-MaHUIC nO.D.OWJIO K KOHLJ.y.

9

asrycTa apMa.D.y HaYaiJO CHO-

CHTb K OTMeJJHM 3eiJaH.ll.1111. AHriJ11YaHC lK)laiJ I1, CYI1Ta$1 , YTO TOIIbKO Y:YJlO MOlKCT cnaCTI1 npOTI1BHI1Ka.

11 YY.ll.O

np01130UIJJO.

C 6op-

Ta San M artin 3aMepHJJI1 rny611uy, KOTop aH OKa.Janacb paBH OH weCTb MOp CKHX ca)!(eH

(II

M ) , Torn a KaK oca.n.Ka raneoHa coCTaB-

IJHIJa ID!Tb MOpCK11X calKeH. B mo6oi1 MOMCHT KOMaH.n.a OlKH.D.ana y.n.apa 0 MeiJb, HO BeTep BHe3am JO n epeMCH11IIC$1 H apMa.D.y 11 0HeCJlO K CC13epy. Bo smpy1o He.n.emo aBr ycTa

1588

r. allriJHYaHe eUJ.e He pac-

CMa-rp11 BaiJH C06bJTIDI B Jla- Mamue KaK CBOIO 1106e.n.y. 0HI1 6biJII1 TBCp.D.O yBep e Hbl B TOM, YTO apMa.D.a BCp11CTCH . .LJ.eMCTBHTCJlbiiO, HCn aH CKHH 130CIIHbiH COSeT IIOCTaHOBHJJ BCpHyTbCSl, e.n.Ba llO.D.yeT 6na ronp11HTHhJH seTep. O.n.11aKo s eTep 11 anpa13neH11H He MeIIHIJ, apMany OTHOCI1Jl0 Ha CeBepo-3ana.n., 130Kpyr DpHTaHI111, ' IT06 bi 3aTeM Bb16poci1Tb Ha cKaiJbl W oTnaH)lHI1 11 11pnaH.lJ.I111. TonhKO

65

KOpa6IJeH BepHyJJHCb B Yl c naHHIO, 113 HI1X nOIIOBI1HY 11p11-

WJIOCb CIJHCaTb, KaK HenpHrO.D.Hbi e K p eMOHl)'.

A HmHHCJcan non.roTOBKa 1c o6opoHe

C

HalJaiJa csoero npaBJielll1$1 En113aBeTa nocTOHHHO 11CnbJ -

T bJBana y rp03Y BTOplKCH I1H 11 3131I e.

8

11 CpBbiC MCCHUhl

1587

r.

He i136ClKII OCTb 13TOplKCHI1H ylKe HC Bbl3 bll3aiJa COMH eHH H. TJa-

CepJtcaumbt 8 mo 8pe.MR 6btllu 6oJtbllle, •teAt llbmeumue cep-

l.JaJJaCb no.n.rOTOBKa K e r o OTpalKeHHIO .

.?tcmmtbt, c«opee npu6mmcaRCb no cmamycy « oqmu.epaJit. Alle-

K

cepe.n.1111 e

I 588

r .,

KOr.D.a apMa.D.a 6hTJJa rO TOBa IIO.IJ.HHTb S!KOpH , llO.ll.fOTOBKOH K

6apoa C!IYJICUJIG CllM80fl ll'leCKllJI1 800fJYJICeUUeA1 CepJtCat/11108,

060p0HC 03a60T11II HCb H 13JlaCTl1 aHriiH HCK11X rp aQJCTB. fl OBCIO-

o6pamume 811/IJ\tallue ua «yuta«u, a tltaKJtce ua 6potuu ua tuap-

.ll.Y HaYaiJI1 npo s ep$1Tb 6oerOTOBHOCTb OnOIIYCHH$1, peM OIIT I1 -

¢ax u lll!IRilax.

24


posanocb opylKI1C 11 ,llocn ex 11 , n o n omoi III1Cb apceHanbJ. MecTHOMY HaceneHHJO 6bi JlO np11Ka3a u o B cny1.1ae BbJCa,llKI1 )lecawr a 3BaKy11 pOBaTbCll BrJJy6b CTp aHbl , 3a6 11 paH c co6oi1 see 3a n aCbJ n p oswawra 11 yrOIIllll CKOT. Tex, KTO He MOr .nep )l(aTb opy)l(11e, npOC I1J1 11 y4aCTBOBaTb B fiO.llL\Cp)f{alfl1 11 n opHnKa 11 Bbi51BJil!Tb spa)l(ecK11X WfiHOHOB. flp11 11l!TO C411TaTb, 4TO npaB I1 TeJlbCTBO CJ1 11 WKOM 1103.[1110 HaLJaJIO fiO.llfOTOBKY K BTOp)l(e JJI1JO, o6oHCHMf :no CKYI IOCTb iO KoponeBbl En113aBCTbl. fl p11 3TOM He yLHJTbJBaeTCll TOT <j.JaKT, LJTO aHrn l1 i1CKall Ka3ua B TOT nep11on 6 b JJla n ycTa, a MCp 0 11 p 11 HTI1 C TaKOrO MaCWTa6a Tpe6yCT orpOM HbJX .llCIICr. 11cnaHUbi K TOMY BpCMe1111 3aHl!JI 11 ATBepHCII , 4TO II11W I1Jl0 Ann111 10 n poueHTa c noxonos TaMowHI1 X 6au KOB. B Esponc s ec 6bi JJH y6e>K-

Eoe6oe nocmpoeuue 113 Partlnvaie to Military Discipline C nuoapiJa, 1581 2. - oiJu o2o

.neHbl B TOM, 4TO En w3ascTa noTCpliCT

113 uau6oJtee l{UIIIUpye.,"btX 6oeuubTX pyKoaoiJcma 111020 6p ellteuu .

TpOII, 1103TOMY lJ.a )I(C B3l1Tb KpC,lli1T 3a

Hau l1oHanbH biH IJJJaH o6opOHbl npc-

rpaH I1ue i1 .llJlll AllrJII1H 6biJ10 HCMbJCJ111-

.nycMaTpHBan Tal()l(e <j.>Op MHpOBaiiHC MOLU-

<j.>opMwposanacb 113 o n on4CIIIICB «MopcKHX» r p aQJCTB, Bee 3anaLJY BXO,l\11J10 C,llep-

MO. CTOHMOCT b cone p >Ka lf l1}1 ¢>noTa

IIOH apM HH Ha cesepe A Hm l1 11 .UJJll oTp a-

)1(11BaHI1 C 11c n aHCKor o .necaHTa .no n o.uxo.na OCHOBHbiX CI1Jl. B.llOJlb 6ep cra 11 Brny6h

6biJla ropa3):10 MellbWC CT011MOCTI1 CO-

)I(CHI1ll B03M0)1(H0f0 BT0p)l(eH11ll 113 illOT-

.nep )l(aHHll cyxonyTHOH apMHI1. fl o :noMy

JlaH,l\1111 . 3Ta )l(e apMHll.llOJl)I(Jia 6blJla 11p11-

AHrntl l1 6bJJla C03}lalla CI1CTCMa CI1J'HaJib-

cyxo n yT u y 1o

Kpb1BaTb no6epe)l(bC OT 11CflaHCKOrO .llCCaH-

Hbl X OrHeH, C 110MOLUb10 KOTOpOH MO)I(HO

Ta K ccs ep y oT Xap11A>Ka. BTo p aH apM11il

6bJJJO ncp c.uas aTb c 11 rHan Tpcs orl1 n o Tep-

apM HIO

QlO p M wp osan l1

TOJi bKO B caMbi H IIOCJ1C):IHI1H MOMeHT.

p11TOp1111 CTpaHbJ. TaK, s cny1.1ae BbJCaAKI1 B paHOHe <t>anMyTa, <jlaiiMyTCKOe OIIOJILJCHI1 C LJHCJICHHOCTbiO

4000

4CIIOBCK MOrJlO

6bJCT pO nOJIY4 HTb n o.u.uep)I(Ky 113 K o p Hyonna

(4000

(4000 4C(3000 LJenoseK). flpo-

4 eJIOBCK), )J.eBOHa

JlOBeK) 11 CoMepceTa

JlBI1)1(eHI1e apMa)lbl B}lOJlb Jla-MaHwa OTCJie)I(MBaJIOCb MHOf0411CJICI-JII biM11 Ha6J110}laTCJlliMI1. Ha116onee KpynHaJJ ap MHll co611panacb nnH 3a u111Tbl «JJH4HO Ee B eJJI1LJCCTBa», a TaK)I(e COflpOBO)I(.l(aBUJ I1X ee .llBOpllll , npe,ll-

E oeaoii llllalt ap.11tuu 6 Ttm6epu, p a3pa6omamtblii iJJtR ap.1111111 flecm epa 6 aa2ycm e

CTaBHTCJleH BbJCWCI"' .llyxOBeHCTBa 11 npo-

1588 2. a - llY'IliiiKll, b - fme6apiJbepbt, It - Ka6Mepucmbt, m - .lltytuKemepbt, p - nuKu-

LJCH 3JJ 11Tbl. flpe,llnonaraJJocb, LJTO onon-

u epbt, q - ap Ke6y3upbt.

LJe HI1 e Jiouno Ha 11 OKpCCTHOCTei1 .naCT

48000

LJeJIOBeK, xoTll 113-3a TPYAIIOCTcl1 c

M06HJJI13auu ei1 TaKoro 411cna monel1, y.llanoch co6paTb e.nsa n11

I 0000.

IlaKOHeu,

ew e o.uHa apMHH <jlopMHposanacb s T11n 6ep11 non ua1.1anoM n op.ua CT1oapna, rpac~a JlecTepa. flnaTC)I(Ji biC BC.l(OMOCTH CBI1-

):ICTeJJbCTBYIOT, LJTO B :nol1 apM1111 6bJJIO

16500

JIC1UJ1X 11

I050

KOIIHbl X B011HOB.

HexsaTKa .llCI JCr 11p11Bena K TOMy, 4TO

7

asrycTa

2 1150

Ofi0II4CII UCB H3

(6

rpa<j.JCTB pacnyCTI1JIH 110 .UOMaM, XOTll 11 BeJICJI H llaXOJli1TbC51 B 6oeBOH rOTOBIIOC-

TJol. H ecMOTPll Ha see ne.uocTaTKI1, c~opMw­ posaHI1e ononYeHI1il wno

caMbl ~t

pewH-

TenbHbtM o6pa3oM. ,[lHll rrpwMepa MO)I(JJO 11p11BCCTH ,l\Ba CJ1y4ail 11Cpe6pOCK11 OTpll-

ffnmocmpat(IIR 113 image of / rela11d J(epp u Ka. A u2/lllllcKlle apKe6y3upbt u ecym

qm-

.llOB onoJJLJeH Hll 113 ToyCTcpa. flepBbiH oT-

60

11/llllbllbte Kalll16epbt a neaoii pyKe, cep .JtCWtlllbt aoopyJtcettbt fl!le6apiJfu w 11 u ocRm

pH.U n powen

tu!le.Jitl>l-6yp2ou em bt. Konnbte no2p atw•ulltKU 6 Kom,•ty2ax zomoaJ/1/tCfl K .111flfJUty. Ha

.1\ l·lil , a .npyrol1 n po.ncn an nepcxo.n B

3(101/e.Jit IIJI(IIIe OrjJIII(ep CK(IJ/ 11(//l(/I/IK{l.

MHJlb sccro 3a nsa .llHll.

25

MHIIb no T11n6cp11 3a TPl1

68


K J: H cnallCKllll nUKUIIep 6e3 oocnexoa Jle2Kue nuKtlllepbr 6brfl u uJaecmHbl caoeii npa'luoii oiJe:JICooii. Jle2KUe nt/KU/1€pbl 06flOOaJ/II 13biCOKOU ,11Gfl€6p€H110C/11bl0, 110 II€ HocUJlu oocnexoe eoo6uw K2: HcnancKu ii oqmu,ep Boewum KOpbepa c•tumaJ/GCb no'lemHblM 3GIIRmueA1 ORR MJ/OOwux Cbi/1013€U UC/101/CKUX 060pRN. 3mo 6biJI 11)'111b 006bl/11b CJ/013)' u nonpaeumb cj;u11aucoeoe noflO.')!Ceuue ceMbU. Ka.Mnmtufl. 1588 2. oaeaJ/a oco6e111to 60Jlbtuue IIGOe:JICObl. 3mom ocjJu!.fep oiJem e BbiCtueu cmeneuu pocKOtu!IO. E2o «ucJWIICKuii» Awpuoll MOOH020 muna, yK_Poweu 2paeupo(JJ<0ii u nJIJO;WQ:JJCeA·I. Kupaca moK.'JICe yKpatueHo u omnoRupoaana. EpuO:JICU yKpauteHbl He6oflbUiliAIU pCL3pe3G.Atu. K3: HcnaucKtul 3HCUH HapROIIbiU eepx11uu KGJWJOJI, /.13-noo Komopo2o euoe11 eute 6o;ree JtapROHbiU llU:JICIItal KGJW.30fl. Ha 20floee yiJo6uafi wupoKonoflGR tUJ/Rno. Ha 31/G.JHeuu Kpacubiii 3)'6'10mbiU aNopeeecKttii (6ypcyuocKuu) Kpecm.

Eoeaoe n ocmpoeuue ll3 2000 'lenoaeK. JTon brm Ka meop emu'lec1<11 o6ocnoaamb 63atwoi>etlcmaue }Ja:JJlll'lltbtX munoa aoopy:Jtce'tuR. Alle6apoa.Mu aoopyJ1ceua oxpaua 3/IG.Aten a t(etwrpe cmpoR. JIHU3 C I'O.D,OBbiM IJ.OXO.D,OM

5

cpyHTOB CTCpiiHHrQB 06l!3biB3II HCb

3KHTIHpOB3Tb ce6l! JiefKHMH )l.OCfleX3MH, IIYKOM , KOII43110M CO CTpena~1H , npOCTh!M CT3IIbllbi M WIIeMOM 11 3 Jie63piJ.OH. MeHCC

COCTOliTCII bHbiC rp3)1(ll3He 06bC)J,HHliiiHCb B rpynrry 11 IIOKyn aiiH OllHH npC.D.MCT 3KHil HpOBKH HJIH BOOp y)I(CHH51. ITocne pe3HH Bap¢onoMeeBCKOH H04J1 B

1572

r. AHrJIHJl noTe-

piDia nocn e.n.Bero COI0 3IIHKa H3 KOHTHHe1rre " nepeUJna K rnyxoi:f o6opoHe. B

1573

r. 6biiii1 c¢opMHposaHbJ OTpliiJ.bl onon4eiiHll. B

K3)1(IJ.0M rpacpcme Hll3H3LJeHHbiC Kop OHOH KOMHCCap bl 1Ip0BOII.I1Jll1 o6u lJ1e CMOTp b l o n onli CBH51. 6r,m TaK)I(e y•lpC)I()l,CH nocr nop.o.-nei1TeHaHTa, KOTOpb!H CJIC)l.I1JI 3a pa60TOH npaBHTeiiCH rpacpCTB. EJIH33BeTa H36erana CT3BI1Th H3 .D,OJI)I(HOCTb IIOpiJ.a-neHreH3HT3 l i CCTOIII06HBh!X Il.BOpSitl, HO 110)). yrp030H BOHHbl C HCI13IIHeH CMCIIH.J ia 60IIb-

Onon ... euue

WHHCTBO IlOp.O.OB-JJCHTeiiaHTOB 11 HX 33MCCTHTCIICH. 06wi1C CMOTp bl OTp ll,!l,OB 0IlOJJ4CB Hll ll0JI3f3IIOCb IIpOBO.D,HTb

IIy

Pa3BHTHe BOeHHbiX TCXIIOJIOfHH npHBCJIO K TOMy, 4 TO K 1·1343-

pro B TPI1 ro.o.a, s cny4ae yrp03bl BOH II bl CMOTpbl npoBOAHJIHCb

XVI

e)l(erolliiO. KaK npasHno, CMOTpbl npOil.OIDKani1Cb 1'p11 IJ.IIll , npH-

seK3 y)l(c HCB03MO)I(HO CT3n o npH3biB3Tb B 3pMHIO mo-

.o.ei1 , He HMeiOll.I,HX COOTBeTCTBYIOll.I,CH llO.UfOTOBKH. BMeCTO 3TO-

4eM B nepBbiH H llOCJJCIJ.HHH Il.CHb OllOJI4eiiUbl npOBOIJ.HJJH B IIYTH

rO rp3)1(IJ.3B 06li3 3IIH IIOKYI13Tb H Xp3HI1Tb Opy)I(HC H IJ.OCflCXH,

Me)I(IJ.Y CBOHM IJ.OMOM 11 MCCTOM npoBe.O.CHI1ll c6opa. H3CeJieiiHC

T0f)J;3 KaK BOCIIIIOH B3YKC o6y4aJIH IIHW b OT.UCJibll biX IIIO.UCH.

paCCM3Tp11B3JlO c6op b! K3K llOBOII. C06paTbCll 11 TIOCMOTp CTb Ha

B

1558

COCe)l.CH , C06CTBeH HO BOCIIHal! COCT3BIIli10Ul351 c6opOB Hrpana

r. npH Koponese M3pHH A B rJJHll noTeplii ia Kane -

riOCJIC.UHCC BJI3.UCHHC H3 KOHTHHCHTC. :fro 3 3CT3BHJIO TIO.UHl!Tb

BTOpocTeneHHYIO ponb. H 11KaKoi1 soeHHOH no.o.roTOBKI1 s xo.o.e

BOTipOC 0 COBCpWCHCTBOBaJIHH fOCYil.3pCTBCIIIIOH BOeHHOH Ma-

o6wero CMOTpa He npOBOIJ.HIIOCh. 0nOJI4eiiL{bl o6y43JIH Cb 110

WHBbl. Dbiii npHHliT 3aKoH, onpc.o.cnliiOJJ..lHH o6ll3aHHOCTH rp~­

MCCTy )1(11TCJl bCTB3 KanpanaMH , TOr)l.a K3K 113

C~10Tpe

npOBCpliii-

I000

Cll yposeHb 3 KI1 nHposaiiiiOCTH 11 soopy)I(CIIIIOCTH oTpRnos. 3a-

cpyHTOB CTCPJIHIIfOB AOJI)I(IIbl 6r,m11 npeAOCTaBIIl!Tb wecTb yn3rr,

H5!THSI llO BOeHHOH riOIJ.I"OTOBKe Ilp OBOllHIIHCb p erynllpiiO: C)I(C-

.U31I. ITo HOBOH CHCTeMe n11ua c ro.uoBbi M AOXO.liOM 6onee

IJ.CCl!Tb BepXOBbiX IIOW3IJ.CH , IlHK,

30

60JibWHX nyKOB,

20

40

KHp3C,

ane6ap.o.,

40

20

n efKHX .D,OCilCXOB,

3pKe6y3 H

50

40

MeClJLIHO, C)l(eJieiJ.CIIbHO, a B CJJY43C IICilOCpCllCTBeHIIOH y rp03bl, IJ.3)1(C e)l(eiJ.HeBHO.

UJJieMOB.

26


flo.[l rO T OBK3

8

Oll11CblBaeM bl H llCpHO.ll BOCHH35! llO.[l-

fOTOBK3 CU(C H3XO.ll11Jl3Cb B 33l.f3TOLJ l lOM COCT05!1! 11 H. Con.naTbr, OT npannell ll hre Ha CJ!y)f(6y B VfpnaJ J)lH!O HJ!H f OJIJi aH)lHIO, 11e nonylfaJII1 liHKaKOH Ha•raJibHOH llO.llfOTOBKH. fOTOBHJIH COJ!.llaT OQJHUCpbl, y)f(e ~lC­ IlOCpC.llCTBeHHO B poTe. CoxpaH HBWHecll soeHnbre pyKoso.ncTsa coo6waroT 11aM o pa3HOBH)lli0CT5!X JKHil HpOBKH 11 06 06ll33HHOCTl!X OQJHL!CpOB, HO KOrna pe'ib 3aXO.llHT 0 11 0,[\r OTOBKC HOB06pal ll~CB, npe)lnararOT 06paTJ1TbCll :13 COBCTOM K OllbJTHbiM COJI.LI.aTaM. KoMHccap pyKOBOL\HII CMOTpaMH cpaJy B HCCKOJ!bKI1X rpac~ CTB3X . KOMHCCap HaJHaLJan KaHp ruros -

4 Kanpana

11a

80-100

OllQJl<JC!Il(eB. HMeHHO KanpaJ!bl npOBO.llHI!H o6y•rCHHe OHOI!lfell l(CB. )l.nll 06y•JeHH5! OllOJll.fei!Ubl C06HpaJJHCb B MeCTC, pacnoI!Q)f(CHHOM llellO,[l,ai!CKY OT CBOHX L\OMOB. TaKall opraH I133!ll1ll noJsomii!a 3 KOHOMHTb cpencTsa. CHa•raJia onowrem\bl oTpa6aTblsaJII1 CTpei!b6y XOI!OCTblMI1 Bbi CTpesraMI1, Kor.na nopox 33CbllraJrc.sr TOilhKO Ha nonKy. 3aTeM llCpeXOllHI!H K 0Tpa60TKC rpyn n o-

K onect(OtJbt e nucm oJt embt cm o u11u tUL<~tllOZO i>op oJtce 1mmuJtb1tbtX, u 6 btllll CJIOJIC/Iee tJ JKCnllyamat(Uil u p e.M01tme. CllOJ1CUblii u KlmpuJublii KOlleCl(OtJblli Jlt e.xauuJAt ll.!lte.rz 1110 npeU.!Ity tt(eC111tJO, '11110 6blll tJCezi)a l011106 K 6blC111pe.rty, lie J(ltJIICR 0111 COCIIIORIIUR 111lle/Ou( ezo QJU111llllR.

BbiX 33Jil !OB . Ilp11 JTOM OllQJl<Je Hues Y411-

li3I!J1 K CTpCI!b6e no M~J WeHH W11p11HOH

J!H 6e30ilaC!IOMy 06pauteHI1!0 C Opy)lmeM.

M H BblCOTOH

VIHCTpyKUI1ll

1586

r. Hpe,[!,nHCbrsaeT, 'iTO

4,8

6

cJie,[l,yroutcro CMOTpa. CI'vtOTpbr o6bi'IHO

M, B l(e!ITpe KOTOpOH 110-

HpOBO.llHI! HCb BO BpeMll 11p33)lHJ1KOB (HO He

Mell(aJJCR Kpyr .ll11aMeTpOM

I ,3 M c YepH bJM 150 warOB COI!-

onon•remre llOJI)f(liO n posecTH 11a c6opax

H6JIOLJKOM. C paCCT05!HHll

6 .nHei1, H3pacxo.nosas np11 3TOM n o 3 c~yH­

.llaT ,[\QI!)f(CH 6btJl HaBeCTI1 MYLUKeT 11 C.lle-

Ta nopoxa Ha YenoscKa. Tpex ¢YHTOB Mar-

JraTb y.naY ll bi H BbJCTpesr.

no XB3THTb TOI!bKO H3 Tp11 L\Hll. fi03TOMY

KOMHCCap T3K)f(e L\OJI)f(eH 6bJJI no

B socKpeceHbe). PacXOL\ nopoxa so npeM.sr CMOl'pa COCTaBI!l!Jl ¢ Y HT lla Yei!OBeKa.

8

Hep BblH .llCHb CMOl'pa npOBO!lHJIHCb riOKa 3aTeJl bHble CTpeJtb6bl , a BO BTOpOH - TaKTH<JCCKHe YYCHHH. KoMHccap .noKJia.L\biBai!

11 np11XO)J,I1Jl0Cb np116eraTb K JKO!IOM HI1,

MeHblllCH MCpe .llBa)f(Jlbl B fO,[\ 11!1CriCKTI1-

0 npOBe.L\CHHH CMOTpOB 33MeCTHTeJilO J!Op-

llp HyYa.ll COI!)J,aT XOTll 6w He 60RT b Cll

ponaTb OTpR.llbl OITOI!lfeliH5!, nposep5!5! CO-

,[1,3- JleHTeHMJTa, a TOT OT'IHTbJBai!CH ncpC.ll

BCnbl WKH 331'p3BO'iHOrO nopoxa Ha riOI!Ke

CT05!HHe Op y)f(H5! H ypOBCHb BJ!3.llCH H51 HM.

Tai1HbJM ConeToM. Teop cTH YecKH ypo-

apKe6y3bl. IlocJie TOro, KaK o n on<reHU bl

Te, KTO HC OTBel.JaJl n p CL\bHBJllleMblM Tpe-

BeH b riO)J,fOTOI3KH 11 3KI111HpOBKH OflOJILJe-

OCB3HB3J!H n p11eMbl 33pll)f(3HI1R, ri pHCTy-

6oBaHHHM, llOJiyYan n p e.nynpe)f(.lleHHe .llO

HHll ll0,[\I!C)f(3Jl )f(eCT KOMY KOHTpOJI IO Ha BCCX ypOBHliX OpraHH33l(HH. Ho BCH CHCTeMa Tpeutana riO W B3M B pe3yJ!bT3TC KOp pynl(HH. Kor.na )f(e yrpoJa BTOp)f(eHI15! npHo6peJia peailbH bJe 04Cp T 3HHR, ypOBeHb no.nroTOBKH pe3KO so3poc.

B Mae 1588

r.

HCilaHCKHe llll1110 Hbl ,[\OKJI3,[\bi B3I!H, ':ITO JIOHJlOHCKOe onoJI1.JeHHe npOBOJ(HT yl.feHHR .l(83)f()lbl B He,llCJilO, xapaKTCpH3Yll Ofi0Jl' leHHC KaK BCCbMa 6oecnoco6u oe 11 xopowo BOOp y)f(CHHOC.

Opy:ame Coxpa!111JIC.sr rrepe'leHb soopy)f(CHI151,

06Hap~eHHOrO B XOlle CMOTp a OITOJilfeHI1R B asryCTe

1588 r.

Enar o.napH 3TOMY nepeLJ-

HJO Mbl MO)f(CM COCT 3BHT b Bnel.faTI!CHHC 0 TOM, KaK 6brn soopy)f(ell cpe.nm1i1 onon-

B n op oxoauut(ax xpauu11u «a« n op ox O!lll Jap110Ku ,Hytu«emoa, 11l(lK u .ilt e.rtKOJepuucmbtii JampatJo•mbtii n op ox. lloJi>uee fl ORaun u cb nampoumawu-6auOOJibepbl, a KOmopblX n O.IItell({lJIU Japauee om.iltep eu llbte uaaecKu n op oxa ORR JapROKu.

27


Ll: HcnmtcKuii apzy11ambep f1CIIGIICKGJ! KO/If/U£(G 3/IG'4WIIf!-7bfl0 011epe.?JCa7CI (l/fl;1UiicKyiO 6 OCIf(IU{e/11/0C/1111 omecmpe.JibllbW opy.?tcue.M. 11cnancKue ap2yRambepbl o6t,eOU/IfL'Ill 6 C60f!-ll .71/Lfe c/JJ'fiKLfliU C/112.WiicKOLl .1e2KOU K0/1IIUL(bl u twpa6u11epoe. Bm'ina 6 ToJIJICIJtouu fiOCUJ/a xapatmzep no31/L(UOI/flb/X OCaiJ, pe2.J:1JlfJIII>/e 0111KfJb1111b/e Cpa:J/Ce/11/Jl llfJOUCXOOUJ/U peiJKo, no:;moAty y ap<yJWmbepo6 61>tJ10 ;1/GJ/O 603MOJICIIOCmet'i 11011fJGK/11UK06(1fllf>CJl 6 OeLlCI/l6l/JIX 6 COC/11(16e KfJ)IIIIIb/X 06oeOUI/ef1Uii.

L2: HctumcKuii Jtm1cep f1CI1Q/ICKl/e .7Gf/Cep1>1 l/36eCtnllbl flO 20RJWIIOCKLW 2pG610pG.A1, 11(1 KOtnOpblX OIIU G/'ll(IK)I/0111 {ll/l.-7UUCKUX U 20/LW//OCKUX iJe.MLL1GIICep08. Ho 6 L{f!-W.It UCIWIICK(If/ lllJI:J/Ce..?aJl K0/11/L/Lf(l 6bLW lle..IIIIOl0'4/IC.i/e/11/0Ll. /(ocma6Ka .wu.wiJeu J1fi.W

(i

roJIJ/GIIOl/10 6Ce20a npeocma6-

co6ou cepbe3fi)IIO npo6:te..11y. llo6epx oocnexo6 uctWIIIfl>l

061>1'4110 1/0CI.IJ/U IIGKUOI<U.

LJ: He.ltet(Kllli uae.MIIblii pummep 1fe..lletfKUe KOIItll>te nae..HfluKu 6 'tepllbtx oocnexax, 6oopy.Jtcelllll>te napmlnucmo.?emoe, c:ty:>tCIC/U 6 AII2.1UU, ro.uai/Ollll, (/)pOHI-{UU ll 11cnaf/UU. 11cnal/e£{ Eepflapouno oe Menooca 6 caoeu KHU2e «TeOfJUJI U npaKI/lliKG GOLlllbl» lll/U/e/11: «HeKOIIlOfJble COf/OGI1lbl 6 110CReOI/ee 6pe..ua npeono'4umwom mtcllwRembl ... ,l1,et'icm6umeJ/biiO, nucmo:tembl u.uetom fJJ!O fleocnopu.Mi>IX npeu.Myu.feCm6. J(ep:Jica 6 fJ)IKe KO/lbe, fllfJ)'Of/0 o6paUfGIIlbCJI C Kapa6UIIO.II, 111020(1 KaK cmpeRfllllb u 3apR:Ytcamb nucmo11em 2opa3oo Re2<te». C:;p Pooxep Ytl-7bJ!, I/C c'4wncw, '41110 nucmo.1em a pyKax xopowo o6)1'temto2o u pewume.J/1>11020 COJtoama 6oRee onac11oe opptcue, 1/e:J/ce.J/u KOnbe. Ho c.1uwK0.11 <tacmo Ka6a:tepucml>t cmpe..7fl.7ll l/3 mtcmo;temo6 co CJ/Ut.UKOM 6oJtb£UO£'i oucma/ILfUU u nonaoaRu nor) 'leHeu rreTOM

1588

r. fipeiK.ue seem, crrc.uyer onpe.ucJII1ThCJI c

B

ncpe'IHe Bbl.llCJIJIJOTCJI LfeTblpe s11na opyiKHll

TepM11 110JIOrHei:i.

nexorHoro onorrLfeHHJI: PYIKbe, K11paca,

nyK

KOwnpamaKy npu nepe3ap5!oKe. np11 3TOM MYWKCT 6onee 3Ql<peKTI1BCH, TaK KaK yscpelli i CC BhiBO-

11 arre6ap.ua.

.ll11T npOTI1BHHKa 113 CTpOll.

B

6orree 6oraTbJX rpa<j>CTsax B onon-

'lelll111 11MCJJI1Cb MYUJKCTCpbl, HO a6COJIJOTIIOe 60JJbWHHCTBO 130-

PyJKbC

opyiKaJJOCb KaJJI1BCpaM11. KpoMe caMoro py)Khll, onoJJLfCHeu 11MCJI nomJbti-i KOMnJJeKT

Pj)l(bJI (shott) no.upa3JleJJJI.JlHCh Ha TlliKCJJbie MywKeTbJ 11 nerKI1C

BCCX np11Ha,lliTCIKHOCTCH, HC06XO)li1Mb1X .llJill CTpCJJh6bl 11 06CJJy-

apKe6)'3bl- KaJJI1BCpbl. f1:mecmo MIIOIKeCTBO Jla3BaJIHH omeCTpCJib-

IKI1BaHI1)) PYIKbll. CTpenKy Tpe6osaJJHCb .use nopoxoBH11UbJ: 6onb-

IIOfO OpYIKHJI, 3Ta 06W11pHall IIOMCHKJJaTypa llOCTOJIHHO 11p11BO,UI1T

tuall c nopoxoM rpy6oro nOMOJia .llJJll 3apl!1KaHI1JI PYIKb)J, 11 MCHb-

K nyra1111Ue. Mbl 6y.UCM 11Cil0Jib30BaTb COOTBeTCTByJOW,11C TepM!fllbl B TOM CMbrcne, B KaKOM HX noui1MaJr11 B KOHHe

XVI

wall c TOHKI1M 3a-rpaB04HhJM nopoxoM. Mnor.na nopoxosn11ua oc-

seKa.

Hautanach 1l03aTOpOM, n03BOJll!BW11M O,llHI1M 1lBI11KCHI1CM OTMC-

B IJaLfane ncp11o,lla npasrreHHJI Err113aseTbJ Ha116oncc pacnpo-

pHb Heo6xo)l.I1MYJO nopu1110 nopoxa. H o ' Jaute BCTpe4aJJI1Ch npo-

CTpaHellllbJM Tl1nOM omecrpeJJhliOro opyiKwi 6bJJJ apKc6y3. Ap-

CTbJe HOpOXOBI IHUbl 6e3 )l03aTopa. 113 TaKI1X nopOXOBHI11~ HOpOX

Ke6y3 06bJLfHO OCHautaJJCJI Ql11TI1JibHbiM 3aMKOM, B KOTOpOM BOC-

11p11XO.lli1JJOCb OTMepl!Tb Ha rna3. Dp11 :)TOM npo11cxo.n11n ncpe-

nJJaMeiJCHHC nopoxa OCYIIJCCTBJIJIJTOCb 3a C'leT KOHTaKTa n opoxa

pacxo.u nopoxa 11 IIOBbiWCHHbiH 113110C CTBOJia HJIH HC,UOCTaT04-

C TJJeJOllli1M <j>HTI1JieM. ApKe6y3, KaK npaBHJJO, 11MeJJ HC60JJblUOH

HO MOlllHbiH BbiCTpCJJ H He.llOJleT. 8b!XO.ll0M 113 CI1TyaU1111 CTaJJO

KaJJH6p, HHKaKOH CTaH,llapT113aU1111 He Ha6JIIO,UaJlOCb. KaiK)lbiH

H306peTCHHC naTpOHTawa-6ali,UOJlbCpa. oaJI)l.OJJbep npC.l\CTaBmiJI

Opy1KCHII11K 11MCJI C06CTBCilllbiC llpC.llCTaBJJCH11ll 06 OIITI1MaJJb-

C060i1 KOIKaHyJO n epCBll3b 4Cpe3 HJJC40, K KOTOpOH HO.UBC!ID!Ba-

HOM KaJJ116pC 11 )lJI11 11C CTBOJJa. Bee CBJI3aiJHblC C :)TI1 M np06JTCMbl

Jli1Cb .llCpCBllllllbiC KOIITCHHCpbl , BMCutaBIJJ11C 3apa11CC OTMCpCII -

np11BCJJI1 K llOliBJJelll110 KaJJI1Bepa. Karr11sep HM eJJ ctaH.uapTHbli-i

IIYJO nopoxosy1o HasecKy. TaKI1e naTpOHTaUJI1 4aCTO scTpc4aJOTCll

KaJJ116p, CaMO CJIOBO cafiver np011CXO)li1T OT <j>paHUY3CKOf0 calibre.

Ha 11306pa1KCH11l!X MYWKCTCpOB, HO OLJ.CHh pe.UKO - Ha 11306pa1Ke-

Yu11<pHKaUHll 1<aJJ116pa sccx apKc6y3oB s apM 1111 3Ha'II1TeJJhllO

lii15JX apKe6y311pOB. ,lJ.JJll 113f0TOBJJCJII1ll llYJJb 11CnOJTb30BaJJaCb JJI1-

ynpoutaJJo cHa61KeHI1e ee 6oenp11nacaM11.

Tei1Hall <j>OpMa. 8 CJJyLfae OCCLfKH nyn10 113 CTBOJJa 113BJICKaJJI1 C

KaJlHBep CTaJI J-Jal16orrcc pacnpocrpa HCHHhiM Tl1rJOM orHe-

nOMOlllbJO 6ypaBLfi1Ka. Worvmon HCIIOJJb30BaJJcll )!.Jill T p aM60BKH

CTpenbHOro opy1K11ll, HO OllbiTHble COJI.llaTbl CLfi1TaJJI1, 4TO nyJJll

nopoxosoro 3apll.ua 11 npon11x11saHHJ1 rrynH.

KaJJ I1Bepa CJJ111UKOM nerKall, 4T06bl npo6HTb .nocnex11. 3-ro np11seno K llOliBJJCHI1JO MYWKeTOB - KpynHoKaJJI16epllblX 11 .llJJ11HHO-

KHpaca

CTBOJJbHbiX pj)l(eH, CllOC06HbiX CTpemiTb llYJJlll\111 B .llBa HJIH 1'pl1 pa3a 6onee Tl!IKeJJbiMH no cpaBHCHHJO c nynl!MI1 KaJJ11sepos.

TepM11H «K11paca» (corsl et) 11CIIOJJh30BaJJCll B KaLJ.eCTBC CI1HO-

Myun<er OKa.Jar JCJI CJJI1tuKOM TliiKCJJbJM, 4T06bJ crpenliTb 113 Hero

H11Ma TCpM11Ha « ll11KI11·1Cp», TaK KaK K11paca 6bJJTa OCHOBIIOH .ne-

C pyK, IW3TOMY MYWKeTepbl IIOJTb30BaJTI1Cb cneu11aJJbllbiM yno-

TaJJ biO fii1KI1HepCKOH 3KH1111pOBKI1. KpoMe K11paCbl, COCTOliBWCH

pOM .llJIJI CTBOJJa. C3p Po.u1Kep YI1JJbJIMC, BeTepaH BOHIIbl B ron-

113 HarpyllHOH 11 HaCHI1HHOH IIJiaCTHH, 1111 KI1Hepb1 HOCI1Jll1 WJJCM,

JJaH.ll11H , 1111CaJJ , LITO XOTll KaJJI1Bep MOIKCT C.llCJiaTb Ha QlYHTC fiOpOXa OT

I'OpiKCT, OHJICLfh)J, Hapy'JH, HaJJllllBellli11KI1.

20 .llO 30 BbiCTpeJIOB, MYWKCT IKC- TOJibKO OT 8 .UO 12, HO 28

Jllx

Opy1KI1C COCTOliJIO


AJie6a p.ll.bl Anc 6apna coxpa1111nacb c o opeMeH cpe.n.HeoeKOBbll, ce .n.onfO)((HTCJJbCTBO o 6bliCH5!JJOCb HCKIIIO'II1TCII bHO ce new e oi13HOH. H a KOHe YI-I HK, 3aKp emt CI-IHbiH Ha n p e BKC ):(JII1HOH OT 1,8 ):(0 2 ,4 M , npen cTaBnlln co6oi1 KOM611Hal(l110 KOn bll 11 Kp lOKa_

B

6010 ane-

6apt~bt 11Cll0Jl b30BaJI HCb .ll.Jill 3aW11Tbl 3H8Meii H H ):(Jill n pecne.n.oBa HHll OT CTynaiO Utero 11pOT I1 BHI1K8.

Ko mmua 0nOJJ' ICI-111C cpopM 11 p08ano He TOJJbKO n cxOTII bl C '18CTH , 1-10 11 K8Banep1110. i lOCKOJibKY JKI11111p0BK8 K8B8JJep 11CT8 H8M II0f0 ):(0pO)((e, 411CJICIIIIOCTb KOHHHUbl 6 b1JI8 H81\IH 0 f 0 MCII bWC 'IHCJICHHOCTI1 lleXOTbl. Tli)((CJ18J! KOH1111U8 B 3Ha 'II1TCJi b HOH CTCri CHH KOMn neKTOB8 JI8Cb 38 C'ICT UCp KBH 11 Bb!CWCH 3118TI1, B p a M KaX cpeoi18Jlbii0H IIOBI1HHOCTI1 nepet~ KOpOIIOH. K 0 1111Hil8 riO!lp83.l.(CJi l!Jl8 Cb 11a Tp11 811.[(8: Tl!)((eJJyJO, nerKyJO 11 Kapa61111Cp 0B.

TSI)II(CJian KOHIJHUa (d emila ncer s)

TopJ1cem uJHa'I(Utbl/0 JaKpbtBaJ1 JaJop ;lteJicOy UUleJifO.M u Kupacotl . floJOilee ZOfJJ/Cel1/ npeBptiiiiiiJlCR 6 CII.MBOR OfjJlll(efJCKOZO 00C1110llllCI1/Ba, coxpauuomuc1, 8 noiicKax oon bme opyztlX oocnexoo.

.[(11p eKT11Ba, o n y6JlH KOBaHHall B rpa<jlcTBe Cyp pei1 I 0 Mall 1586 r., .ll.8eT XOp Owee Orii1C8HHC Tli)((CJIOH KOHH11Ubl :

113 MC'Ja, KI1H)((ana 11 18 -<jlyrooo ii ni1KH (5,5 M). P royMeeTcll, n o n -

« Tl!)I(CfJOBOOpy )((CIIIIbiH BC8i111111< .l.(OJI)KCH 11MeTh Kpe n Kyi O Jl0-

Hall J KI1r111pOBKa rii1KI1HCpa 113-3a CBOCH Tll)((eCTI1 CCpb C3HO CKO-

W 8):(b 11JI11 pOCJJOfO Mep11Ha, np04HYfO K0 )((811YIO y npli)Kb, llp04110e

Bbi OaJJa M06HJl bHOCTb, He f080 p ll y)((e 0 ObiCOKOH CC6CCT011MOC-

11 6onbLuoe cenno c oT.nemmi1, KOn be, MC' I 11 K~l ll)((aJJ, KpaCHblli Ma-

TI1. H e Y.D:MBHTeJJb iiO, YTO s c Ko p e HaMel'Mnacb ycro w m8all TeHt~e H­

TCP'I8TbJ}i I1JJa111 c n oy Mll 6 enbLM I1 K8 11TaMI1 w11p11Ho i1 O,ll;HH .n•o wM».

J.J.I1ll K COKpame tt l1 tO J KI1 n 11pOBKI1. C oJlllaTbJ, ompaBIICHHbte 80 <Dpmt-

T e p M t1H dem il ancc 03Ha YaJJ 11p011CXO)((,!l.C1111C Tli)((CJIOH KOH-

UI1tO B 1589

H11Ubl OT pb! Ua p CKOH KOHHHJ.J.hl , BOOp y)((CHIIOH KOllbliMI1 (lan c e).

4CHHJ! 8

r:, HC HOCI1JIH OJU1e411H 11 Ha p y YeH, y JJOH):(OHCKOro OIIOJJ1587 r: ~13 ):(OCilCXOB OCTaJJaCb Ot(Ha KI1paca.

8

OTJ111411e OT pb1U8 p CH 11pC)((J1 11X Bp eMCH, Tll)((eJJall KOII1111U8 HO-

CI1Jl8 o 6ner•Je HH biC ll0Cri eXI1 11, '18 CTO, OTKpb!Tbi H WJJeM. )J,nll )l0riOJIHI1TCJl b HOH 38lUI1Tbl OTKpblTbi X C0 4 JICI-JCHI1H, 110.1.( ll8HUHpb ' 18CTO ri O.lJ..nCBaJJ I1 KOJ!b'Jyry.

8 u a•1ane npasneH I1ll EmnaBeTbl nyK n o-npe)((HCMY oCTa8aJJCll JlerKaSl KOIHIHU8

c a Mbt M MOil.(Hbt M opy)KHCM a u n ti1HCKoi1 apM 1111 . Y c n c w Ho e rrp11Men e 1111e 6 on bWI1 X nyKo B B r O):(bl C roneTHei1 s o iit l bt .uo c 11x n o p 6 biJJO CBC)((O B n aMliT I1 aH rn11 YaH . Hpet~np11 tii1Mani1Cb nonbi TKI1

8

TOH )((e .lJ.11pCKTI1BC CO.ll.Cp )((HTCll 0 1111Ca1111 e nerKOH KOH -

H11 Ubl:

CBll3aTb y n a.ll.OK 11CKyCCTBa CTp eJtb6 bl 113 nyKa C flOTep eH KOHTH1-ICIITaJlb HbiX BJia.l.(C I-111H A HfJI H I1 . )J,e H CTI3 11 TeJi b HO, 11CKYCCTBO

« Jle r KOBOOpy)((C H Hbi H BC8):(HI1 K )J,OJJ)I(CII 11M eTb np11JI I1 ' 1HO-

cTp enb 6bt 113 nyKa 11p 11xo.n.Hno B A HrJIH H 13 y n a.n.oK, o ' ICM c o x p a-

ro Mep11 118 , Kp enKOe CC)lfJO 11 K0)((8HY IO y u p l!)((b , K11pacy 11JIH

HI1JJI1Cb M HOf 0411CJICIIH biC ll11CbMCH HbiC CBH.lJ.eTCJibCTBa. K

6p 11 r8H)].I1Hy , KOJi b4Y)((II bJ C Ha p yK8BHI1 KI1 , K011bC , rii1CTOJJeTbl ,

1588

f _ CTaJIO OKOH48TCJib110 liCHO, 4TO 6y.ll.yll tCC 11pHHa.[(Jie)((HT OrHe-

Me'l 11 K111-1)((3JI, KpaCII b i H f1 Jl81l.( C .llBYMll 6eJJbi M I1 K8HT8M I1 W 11-

CTp CJJ biiOMY opy)l<l110 , riOJTOMy OT IIO II biTOK Hay YHTb OIIOJJL!eH He

p11 HOH 0 )),11H .lllOH M» .

o6p amaTbCll C JJYK8M I1 OTK838JII1Cb. DOJICe TOfO, ri OliBI1Jl 11Cb 11p 11 -

I lO- BI1,!1. 11 MOMy, JICI'K8ll KOII1111 Ua HOC HJI 8 )].OBOJibii O Tl!)((C-

K83bl , upen rr11 cb tBmow11e n epeooop y)((HTb ny'IHI1 KOB py)((bliM H.

Ji ble ):(0Cri CX I1 . )J,a)((C B 16 0 0 r. 3KI1 H11p0BK8 BC8.l.(HI1 K8 COCTOli-

8

Ji a 113 K11p8Cbl , rOp )((eTa 11 w neMa 06m e i1 CTO HMOCTb iO 110 p llil-

JlO II)J,OHC OT 11 Cil0Jib30B81111ll JIYKOB IIOJI HOCT biO OTK8 3aJIHCb,

1

<jly HT8 CTCpJJ1111 rO B, O JJ JIC 'I ~I H

(6

XOTll 11pO,U0Jl)((aJII1 Xp 8 HI1T b 110 2 0 ny KOB 118 K8)((.lJ.YIO p OTY ):(JI51

K3

BOOpy )((CH HJ! HM IICri O.lJ.fOTOBJiell llbiX IIOB06paHl(CB.

n ep48TOK C p aCTp y6aMI1 (8 WI1JIJl11 HfOB) , Kap a611Ha C K06y p o i1,

Ito oonpoc ewe 6 bln nancK OT OKOH'IaTeJibHOro p e w eH11ll. CJp

IIOp OXOBIIHUCH 11 <jJOpMOH ,!l.Jlll nyJib

8

( ! <jly~n

KO ilbll (4 U111JIJI I1H f8), Me'la 11 K11 JI)((aJJa (

.[()!<Oil CMai1T, 11 11CaBwl1i1 B 15 8 9 r ., OTCTa11oan nanbu c iiwcc np11-

MeHCIII1e nyKOB.

W11JIJIHHI'O B), 60Jl bW11 X

Ka'JCCTBe apryMeHTOB 38, OJ-! 11p11 B0):(11Jl BbJCO-

4 W I1JIJII11-tf8),

13 W11 JIJI 11 11 rOB

4 IICH-

ca), KY W 8 K8 11 n e p CBR3 11 ( 2 U111 JIJ11111 f a 6 II CH COB). J'hOrO

3

<jlyHTa 16 W 11JJJJ HHroo I 0 ucHcos.

KYIO CKOpOCTp eJJbiiOCTb nyKa, e ro 60JJbW YIO H8.lJ.C)((H0CTb B ):(0)(():(JII18YI0 IIOfOJlY, a TaK)Ke 06We03t(OpOB~1TeJlb H Oe BJII1liHHe n y Ka

Kapa611 uepb1

Ha opra ii i13M IIY'III11Ka. H o y nyKa 6 biJI ccp be3HbiH I ICllOCTaTOK ):(Jill YCilCW IIOH CTpCllb6bl 113 11ero JIY4 HI1 K llOJl)((CJ-1 6 b1Jl ri OCTOliHHO n p 8KTH KOB8TbCll B CTpenb6C, 11 p 114eM 118'111118Tb 11p8KTI1KY eme

K a p a6H H (pel ron e]) 11Men xa p aKTCpllbi H Bbl f HYTbi H 11pH-

B t(eTCTBC, TOrn a K8K H8Y4 11Tb CTp CJiliTb 113 apKe6y3a M0)((110 6bi JIO

KJ18il, KOTOp blH ym1p8 JI I1 B r p y /lb . Kap a6H Hepbl riORBI1Jl11Cb B

III060 r O ' leJIOBCK8 6yKB8 JibHO 38 HCCKOJlbKO '1 8COB. fi Ol! BJieiii1C

a HrJJ I1 HCKOH a p M1111 II C3a,!l.OJlrO ):(0 OllHCbi BaeMOfO H8M I1 n e p11-

Tli)((CJibiX .llOCri eXOB CHI1311Jl0 JCpCjl CKTI1BIIOCTb nyKOB, HO pacrrpo-

0.U8 - K aK 11 pa o11J10, JK I1nHpOBKa Ka p a 61111 e p a CTO I1na ewe ,[(e -

CTpa11e ll l1e Ofll eCT pCJlbHOrO opy)(( Hll, CIIOC06HOfO np0611B8Tb

w c oJJe , YCM JK11n 11pOBKa n erKoooopy)((e HHOr o oca.n.HHKa. Ka-

Jll06biC t(OCneX~I, 11p 11BeJJO K TOMy, 4TO llOCIICXH CT8Jll1 Bbi XOlli1Tb

p a611HCpbl IIC II OCI1JI I1 )lOClleXOB H C3,!1.11Jll1 11 a rt pOCTb i X JI OW a -

113 y n OTpe6JICH11ll , a JTO naJIO JIYK8M IIOBbi H W8 HC. H o , B ,[(OJJr O-

Jl RX.

Cp 0 4110 H n e p CllCKTI1 Be, JJYKH HC HMCJJH HH K8KHX W 8HCOB.

n o3.n.Hee nep e w na 1< nparyHaM.

29

8

K8KOH- T O CTen e 11 11 11X 11CII OJ! b30B8JII1 B p OJI 11 , KOTOpall


CBn)leTeJJbCTBO o npoBe)lenuu CI\<IOTpa Cs11W~TeJJ bCTBa o npose.l{elll111 CMOTpa Bblll3BaJ111Cb uo scci1 AHrn1111 s anpei iC r. flll CBHJlCTeJlbCTBa )J.aJOT Ha~l 33-

1588

Me'laTeJlbHYIO l1llQJOpMaU11 10 0 411CfleHHOCHI 11 BOOpy)l(eHI1H allriJI1HCKOH apM1111 B nep110A KaMIIall11H. Ile see rpaQ>cTsa nony4I1fll1 CBH)].eTCJlbCTBO, )J.aJieKO He BCeM U11Q>paM MO)I(HO .uosep51Th. Hanp11MCp, rpacjJCTBO 3CCCKC 13 anpene 3a51BI1JIO 803MO)I(HOCTb BblCT3811Tb

4QQQ

llOJlllOCTb!O

JKI11111pOBa llll bl X 11 BOOpy)l(eHHblX OllOJl' l CllUCB, 110 KOrJ{a IIOCTYlli1Jl np11Ka3 BasrycTe Bbl)J.BI1HYTb 3CCCKCKOC OllOJILfCHI1C B T11J16cp11, rpa<p Jlecrep nonyLII1n 3anp oc Ha

2000 ll11K 11 2QQQ

WJICMOB-6yprolleTOB, 4TQ-

6bl soop)')KHTb 3CCcKCKI1X ononLieHucs. H ecMoTp51 ll 3 JTI1 cne)J.bl 3IIOyllOTpe6neHI1H,

Kupaca uMumupo8aJUt IIOKpoii K(l.;ltJOJw-i)y6;teiiUt, ;ltQi)uozo 8 me zo{)IJI. XapaKmepeH

CB11ACTenbCI13a .U310T mo6ollbffil)'IO 11HQJOp-

8blll)'K!lbtii «JtCU80IIW ob/!1 8cezo JlltUib i)(lftb/0 .ltoi)bt, uuKaKoti IIJHtKmu•tecKoii uazpyJKu Jma i)eiiUIIIb u e u eC!la. CmmnaR nn acmuua 6bt!la 11/0IIbllle u u e pacc•w11wtw tut llonai)auue ll)'!lb.

M3WUO 0 411CJIC, Ka'leCTBe 11 pacnpCJ{CJICH1111

op~11 51 B allrfli1HCK0~1 Oll0Jl4CHI111.

29 aHrJl11HCK11X

rpa<j>CTB, llOJIY'l11BWI1X

AapcTs. Ha ApyroM Kouue Haxo.D.I1TC51 0K-

CBI1)leTeJlbCTBO, TCOpCTI1LfCCK11 MOI'Jll1 Bbl-

cQ>op .nw11p, c n oco6HblH BhiCT3BI1Tb TOJl b-

CTaBHTb

85QQQ

156500

OflOII'lC HUCB.

Jtf3

6biil11 BOOpy)I(CIIbl 11 OKOJIO

HHX

50000

KO

4564

OnOJfLICHU3, B TOM 411CJle

1164

11MeBlUI1X flO.D.rOTOBKy. OrJi CCT pCilh llO e

324 LfenoseK 6hfiii1 y 460 (40%).

b0Jl bWI1llCTBO OllOJfLICIIUCB 6blJl11 fiCUli1MI1 , HO 11MCII0Cb 11 KOHIIOC Oll0JI4Clll1e. IIIHq>opMaUI151 o KOIHIOM onoJTLIClil111 6oJJee CKY.UH351, uo coxpa11HJII1Cb .uall llble no

5461

npown11 n onroTOBKy. Bcero y onon 'leHues

opy)l(11 e 11MCJJOCb TOJJbKO y

KOIIIIOMY OOOJI'l CHL(y. JlerKa51 KOHH11U3

HaXOL(I1JlOCb

79798 e!l11llHU opy)l(l15f, B TOM 28742 Kani1Bcpa (36%), 4702 MywKeTa (6%), 2 11 78 KHpac (26%), 14209 nyKOB ( 18%) 11 10967 ane6ap!l (14%).

(28%), TOIJ(a

COCT 3BJ!51Jia

LfHCJi e

OnoJILICHI1e 1111HKOJibHU111pa 11 KopHyOJJ-

na

K3K IIYK11

6bJJIO BOOpy)I(ClfO JJYK3M 11 ll0 4 TI1 Ha

TpeTh, XOT51 OrHCCTpCJlbllOrO opy)l(l15f

56%- 3078 'lCJIOBeK, K3pa61119% ( I 034 Lf CJIOBCKa), a KOllllhle apKc6y311pb1 - 6% (300 LfcnoseK). B JloH!1Cphl -

.UOHe KOHHOC OliOJILfCil11C OTCYTCTBOB3Jl0,

11HTepeccu q>aKT, LfTO oni CCTpenbllhlM

3.UCCb 6bliiO 60Ji bWe. TaHllbiH COBCT CT 3-

XOT51

opy)I(I1CM 6b1Jla BOOpy)I(CHa ll04TI1 llOJIO-

panc51 BC514CCK I1 npOCTI1MYI111pOB3Tb ne-

)1(11Jll1 CBOI1 ycnyr11 KOpOIICBe.

BI1Ha

(42%)

OllOJILfCll UeB. flO 03Ha'laCT,

pesoopy)l(elfi1C ny'lli11KOs Oni eCTpenh-

8

200

KOHll bi X JJ.06pOBOJlbUCB n p e.UJJO-

Mbl y)l(e ro sop11HI1, 'lTO CBI1AeTenbCTsa

LITO B BOeHHOM 0TllOW eHI111 OllOJI'lCHI1e

Hbi M opy)I(11CM.

« VIHCTPYKU1151X , AaH -

He cnenyeT np111111M3Tb 11a sepy. rpaq>crsa

6blJIO .D.OCTaTO'lllO npO.LJ.BI1 HYThfM. C .Upy-

Hhi x K3 ll11T3HY WaTy, OTnpasneHHOMY s

CTapaJ111Cb 11pCJJ.CT3BI1Tb CC651 B BblrOJ{HOM

rOH CTOpOHbl, TpCTb

(32%)

OllOJl'leHUCB

rpaQ>cTsa Cyppei1 11 CycccKC» OT

1587

.ue-

cseTe, I1.ll51 Ha np11HI1CKI1 11 no)J.Jlorl1. TeM

r. rosopHnoch, 'lTO cne.nyeT

HC MCBee, 33 'leTblpC MeC51U3 llOCJIC npO-

6biJia BOOpy)I(CHa ycTapCBW11M Op)"A<I1eM:

Ka6p51

nyKaMI1 11 ane6ap.naMI1. PeweHI1e :noro

CTpCMI1ThC51 K llpOnOpl\1111

npOTI1BOpCLfH5f B TOM, LfTO OnOJl'leH11 e QJOp-

35

n11K 11

15

26

50

py)I(CH Ha

ane6ap.n.

BCllCHI151 CMOTJ)OB B anpen e 11 .UO HaLJ.ana asrycTa y.uanocb Ha6paTb 11 no)J.roTOBI1Th

M11pOBaJIOCb fl O COBpCMCHHblM 11p11HU11-

K aHwr a ll W aT yc newH o BblllOIIHI1n

naM , HO s ycJIOB~I51 X ueAOCTaToLmoro QJI1-

B03Jl0)1(CHHYIO H3 HCI'O 33Jl3Lfy, TaK K3K 113

c.uemrn

H3HC11posa ul151 .

CB I1i(CTCJibCTB3, Bbl.ll3llllOrO JTI1M rp3Ql-

poHoc n oco6uocTb cT p a H bl. OJJ.IIaKo s

VfiiTCpCC HO Cp3BHI1Tb J{3 HHbi C flO p a3-

CTB3M LfCTblpbM51 MCC511(3MI1 cnyCT51, CJle-

M11pc, r .nc 6y.nywee LfenoseKa onp enemi-

HhlM rpa<j>CTB3M, pa3I111LI3BWI1MC51 nO 411C-

.LJ.yeT, 'lTO .ll0Jl51 OfHCCTpCJi b llOr O o p y)I(Hl! B

JleHH0CTI1 11 COCT051TCJlbHOCTI1 H3CeifeH H51.

OllOJILfel·l 'leCKI1X p OTaX )J.OCTI1r.Jl3

Tl1nbi 11 nponopu1111 soopy)l(eHH51 MCH51JOT-

nyKOB OCT3BaJIOCb BCero

48%,

a

9%.

6oJib we IIIOAei1 . Tai-i libiH CoseT MHOI' Oe

nocb

.un5l

Toro , LfT06hl noBhiCI1Tb o6o-

H3Jl i1LI I1CM BJII15lTCifbl l 0f0 ll0Kp0Bl1-

TCJ151, Ha.uo 6hiiiO 6btTb 6e3paccy.uuo xpa6pb1M 11Jll1 6C3H3.LJ.C)I( fl 0 rnynbJM, 4T06bl

c5! OT OJ{HOrO rpaQJCTB3 K .LJ.pyrOMy. JlOH-

Mbl ue MO)I(CM 3ascpw11Tb 11aw KpaT-

.Ll.OHCKOe OllOJILfeHI1C 3KHri11p OBallO IIY'l WC

KI1H paCCKa3 06 3llrii11HCKOM OllOIIL!Clll111 ,

)I(CHI1C

2QQQQ IIOH)J.OHCKHX

He np11se.u51 .uamiblX no Ke1ny- rpaQ>CTse,

Be.D.WI1H s 5ll1Bape

.LJ.p yr11X. fi OJIOBI1H3 113 OllOJl'leHUCBO

BOOp~Clla

OfHCCTp eiibHhlM

Op~ 11CM , 113 HI1X

r.ne 11CilallUhl ll fl3H11p0B3Ifl1 BbiC3)1.11Tb

1587

MepceTe, J{OKJta)l.bl BaJI:

ro.ua CMOTP s Co-

«. .. BOnpCKI1

M011M

OllOII'leHUCB, B TOM Lfi1 CJIC 7 124 BOOpy)l(eH-

If11LIHO CH36)1(CHO BCeM I1 B11.Ll.3MI1 .UOCilCXOB

HCIIO.LJ.rOTOBIICilllblX Ofl OJILICHUCB ll0.Up a3-

II 08 -

csoi1 .uecauT. B rpaq>CTBC 11Menocb

llhlX, 113 HI1X

J{CJ151Jll1Cb H3 pOTbl llO

A bJ. 113

51BWI1C 113

1358

11 / \CC51TI1 an e6apJ{bCpOB. flo

Kani1TaH ToMac rosapA, npo-

onaceii1151 M, 5I Hawen, LfTO rpaq>CTBO OT-

113 Lfi1CJi a nocJJC.Ll.f l l1 X

20 JIYLII I11KOB

.nen.

I 0866

6000 npOWJI11 llOJ{fOTOBKy. Ka)I(.LJ.a51 poTa 113 150 LienoseK HacL!l1TbiBana 60 apKe6y311p os, 15 MYUJ KeTepos, 60 ni1 KI1He p os 11 15 ane6ap Abepos. 4000 I 00 'leJIOBeK, COCT030 apKe6y311pOB, 40 :IHKI1HCpOB,

.llOKJ1a.llbl BaTb fi3LfaJlbCTBy 11CTI1Htl0e ll0J10-

n11KH,

4166

2958

11MeBW I1X riO.UrOTOBKY.

1172

567 - nyKI1

11

11MenH py)l(h5f,

Ill -

aJi e6ap-

11 Opy)l(l15f, KOTOpOe H3XO.U11TC51 B 11)J.CaJlbHOM COCT051H I1 11, OllOII'leHUbl OT60p Hbl, pa3811Thl <jJH311LfCCK11 11 .UYXOBHO.. .».

u eo6yLreH HblX onon'leuues

Oco6r,ri1 11HTCpcc npCJICTasn5fcT cnl1-

5 14 11 80 -

coK 3JIOynoTpe6Hell11H K3fii1T3HOI3 11 OQJ11 -

BOOpy)f<aJIHCb p y)f<b51M11, TOJlhKO

HMenl1 ni1K11, 3aTo

I 094 -

nyKI1, a

uepos, cocTaBn Cllll bi H Tai-illbiM CoseToM

J{OIIC OfHCCTp CJi bHOrO opy)l(l15f JIOH.Ll.OHC-

ane6apAbJ. Ecn 11 6bi 11cnaHUbi BbiC3A 11If l1

25

KOC OllOJI'lCH11C J{a)l(e npeBOCXO.U11JlO pery-

JlCC3HT, 11MCIIIIO T3KOH 6 h1Jla 6hT nepB351

H3IOTC51 CJIYLf311 , I<Or)l.a Ilf0J{51M HC l1Jl3TI1-

IHlpHblC apM1111 KOIIT11llCHT3JlbHhlX rocy-

Ifi1HI151 060p 0 Hb l 3HrJII1 Lf3H.

Jll1 33 Cify)l(6y, 11Ifl1 KOr.na K311 11T3 H bl OT-

30

asrycn

1588

1~ TaM He TOJJ bKO ynOMI1-


nocne.UH IOIO O'lepe.u~> . nbiJia c~opM11pona­

612 350 JICfKOBOOpyI00 Kapa6I1Hepos 11

na OT.l(CJibHa51 apM1151, uaC<fi1TbiBaBWaH

I

.15tlKeJIOBOOpylKeHHbiX 11 lKeHIIbiX sca.uHHKOB,

1250

fl CXOTI111UC8.

lJ,epKOBb C MellbWH~I 3HTY311a3MOM cjlOpM11ponana noi1cKa. TeM uc Meuec, n

1588 f. uepKOBb )),ana 3883 IICWHX 801121 pbiUapi! 11 538 JlCrKOBOOpylKellllbiX

IIOB,

scanHuKon. EnHcKon 'IacTo ~op~111ponan OTpi!llbl 110 '-111CJICIIIIOCTI1 IIC ycTynanume

r pa~CKII~I, HO CaMbl~l 6C.D,Hbi M 11p11XO.il3M np11XO.l\11JIOCb o6bCLl11H51TbCH , 'IT06bi co-

Eypzouem Obtll o•teub nonynRpeu cpeo11

6 paTb XOTH 6bl O;lHOfO 6oi1ua. lJ,epK08b

K06WlepUCI1/06, 110 ei'O IIWKJICe IIOCIIIIU ne-

51pOCTIIO 33UUIU.(a Jia CBO!O IIC33BI1CH-

X0/11/Ibte Or/JUt(epbt II /IIIKUIIepbt. h)1Ji'OIIem

MOCTb 11 He Y'IaCTBOnana B 06ll(IIX Ct\IOT-

npoucxooun om pbll(apc«ozo utJteAW, ou

pax OllOJIYCHHil, He 1\0IIYCKa51 KOMHCCa-

o6ecne•wa~1 xopowym JOU(Wny Jlllt(a.

pOB 1111CIICKHtpOBaTb UCpKOBIIOC OllOJI '-ICIIHe. J-la npHXO)),CKOM yp0811e npe.u11p111-111MaJII1Cb nonbtTKII cna6lKaTb onon -

Alleoapoa obtlla oeweaoii a upotoaoocnwe 11 npocmmi a npll;lteueuuu, em

'leuncn YH11CpopMOH.

•w-

cmo aoopy.?tcanocb «pecmblluc«oe OIIO!t•teulle. Ho nwJtbKo nporfJeccuoutl!lbllbte coRoambt .11021111 peaJtuJoaamb ua 11one

8 ro,nbt CToneTHeH BOMIIbi aurn HHCKHe

0011 6Ce t)OCIIIOllltCII/6(1 JlllOi'O opy.JtCIIR.

COJJ,U3Tbl 06b!'I~IO IIOCI1JIH 6enble C!OpKO C

flpOCII/bte 0/IOJI'Ielll(bl K(IK 11pa61/JIO He-

KpaCHbiM reOpf11C8CK11M KpeCTOM. lJ,BeTa-

OOXOOUMbiX IUl6btK08 ue uAt erm.

MH T10nopon 6btn 6enbii1 11 3eneHbiH. 6e-

cnyr11, CbeMW11KI1 H apeH,UaTOphl y JlBO-

JibiH nna111 ocTanancH nonynHpHbiM Ha

XV I

pHH. IIp11o6pecT11 cTaTyc ape1-111aTopa

nponlKel-11111 ncpnoi1 nononi1Hbi

6biJIO na3eH KOM, ll03BOJii!BWeH 1136elKaTb

Kor.ua 80HCKa c:1pa ToMaca Ya11eTa .L\811-

cny)f(6bl s onon•1e11H11. Ho c yc11nCHHeM

s.

raJII1C b K JIOHJJ.OIIY csepraTb KOponeny

r. C11Tyau1111 pe3KO 113MeHI1-

MapHIO, 01-111 uoc11n 11 6eny1o yu11~opMy,

K onb•tyzy np ooonJtcanu uocu mb oaJtce a

nacb, TaK KaK 3HaTb .uonlKHa 6biJia ~op­

T3KlKC KaK 11 JIOH,UOHCKOe Oll0JJYCHI1e.

XVl/

MHponaTh CBOI1

Kp11311Ca

ae«e, Jtatt6onee 'lacmo Jmom 1111111

OOC/I exa 6Cmpe'lanCR y C0/100111 KOIIIIOii

1588

OTpH,Uhl 113

II03TOMY llOBCTaHUbl OTJJHYani1Cb OT

061!3aHHOCTH .usopHH H3BeCTHbl. 8ce-

3bl0, HaJI11fiWeH BO speM51 llOXO)l,a. J1c-

BOOp~eiiHble

npaBI1TCJibCTBCI-1Hbi X BOMCK TOJibKO r pi!-

•111cna apeB,naTopon.

1102p011U'IIIOU OXpOIIbl. npaBJUUII1 OllOJIYeHLJ.eB B OTCTaBKY 3a B35!T-

ro 01-111 ,ll,OJilKHbi 6biJI H npe,UOCTaBHTb KO-

naHUhi, HanpOTI1B, CYI1Tan11, 'ITO Y H11 -

Ky, a TaK)f(e nepeYellb cnyyaes noTepH

pOHe

I 026 TillKenosoopylKeHHbiX, 422 ner-

~opMa OTp11UaTeJibHO CKa3btBaeTC51 Ha

opy)f(IDI 11 3KI11111pOBKH. TaK, poTa Kani1-

ceMb K11pac, .ueni!Tb nerK11X ,nocnexon,

159 Kapa6H1448 nexOTmll lCB. IIp11 3TOM o6113aTenbcTna 26 <JenoseK BblriTI!,ll,eJIH no-p 33-

25

HOMy. fpa~ 3cceKC, ~aBOpHT KOpOJJCBbl,

TaHa fpa,n1-1epa 113 Cyppei! noTepi!na no-

ni!T b MYWKeTon 11

KanHnepos. Cpe.o.H

llOTCpb TaK)f(e cj)l1ryp11pytOT MCYH H KHH-

KosoopylKeHHbi X BCa,UH11KOB, HepOB 11

npe,ll,JJOlK11Jl

50

180

65

pb!Uapei1:,

Kapa611He-

6oenoM .uyxe noiict<. 8 06H3aHIIOCTb nnaCTCH rpa~CTBa,

~OpM11py iOW 11X OllOJJ<I CHHe, BXO,ll,I1JIO 11 CHa6lKeH He soi1cK «06MyH.UHponaHI-IeM 11 ,ll,eHbr aMI1 Ha nepexo.u» . 3To 031-la'Iano,

lKaJibl, rop)f(eTbi, wncMbT, ane6ap.Ubl, no-

pos 11

nexoTH u ues . Jiop,n Ca1-1,nc npe.u-

YTO OflOJIYeHUbl llOJiyLJaJlH 06MyHJJ.11p0-

poxosHHUW,~I1THJI H, K11paCW,JIYKH, KO-

JIOlKHJI .ueci!Tb KOHHhiX BOHHOB. C3p <DpeH-

Balil1e UeHTp3JII130BaHO, a T3KlKe CHa6-

lKaHbie KYPTK11 11 MYH.U11pbi. IIpHYeM nee

CHC Yonc111-1reM, cJioMaBwl1i1 caM ce6e Ka-

3 TO 6bi JIO llOTepi!IIO B M11pHOe speMI!

pbepy, npe.uocTaBI1H KopoHe

ncero 3a HeCKOJi bKO .D.Hei1 c6opos.

B

ue-

.D,eCHTb Kapa611 1-1ep0n 11

noM MO)f(HO npe,UilOJ10)!(11Tb, "'TO OllOJI-

200

50

pb1uapei1,

flCXOTHHUCB.

Cn11coK He OTpalKaeT scero nKna,ll,a

)f(aJIHCb CYMMOH, He06XO).l11MOH )),JIH TOfO, YT06bl Hp116bJTb B TO'-IKY c6opa apM1111. IIpH6biB Ha MeCTO, ononYeHUhi Ha'lHHaJIH llOJiy'laTb lKaJIOBaHbe OT KO-

YeH I1e 6biJTO u e n JIOXO OCHaiJ.IeHO, eCJIH

,UBOpiiHCTBa. J1cnaHCKHC Wll110Hbl,ll,OIIOCI1-

pOJieBbl. 06MyH.ll11pOBaHHe OllOJIYeHUeB

6bJJIO "'TO TCp51Th.

JIH, YTO nop.u IIeM6poK, 1-1e ynoMHHyTbiM 8

1111KaK He pernaMeHT11pOBaJIOCb. qaCTH,

BblWCHa3BaH HOM AOKyMe HTe, np116bJJ1 n

C~OpM11pOBaHHbJe B 3CCCKCe B

T11n6ep11 s con pOBO)f(.UeHI111 co6cTneHHO-

nonyYI1JI H CI1HI1e MYH.U11pbL

<DeotJ,aJJb HOe o noJJ•tetn te

ro OTpH,ll,a '111CJie!IHOCTbiO Onon•JeHHe 6biJIO He e,nHHCTBeHHOM

500

300

KOHIIbiX H

1585 f ., B 1590 r.

OflOJILJelll1e 3CCCKCa 06MYII.ll11pOBaJII1 B

llCW HX 80111-108. n naHbl Tai1Horo Co-

nnall\11 113 ceporo cyKHa c lKenTbiM 1-1

CHJIOH B AHfii HI1. 3HaTh H l~epKOBb HeCJIH

BeTa n pe.UyCM3TpHBaJl l1 , "'TO .llBOpi!HCTBO

CI1HHM K3HTOM. )l,pyr11e r pa~CTBa llOCTy-

16000 YenoseK,

ll0811HHOCTb - npe,UOCTaBJIHTb KOpOHe 80-

,ll,aCT n o6wei1 cnolKHOCTI1

opylKeHHble 0Tp51L\bl 3a OCB060lK,UeHI1H OT

HO TOY HOe 'li1CJIO cpeo,naJJhHOrO OllOJI'IeHHH

MopKW~I pa

naJII1 noxOlK11M o6pa30M. Con)),aTbl 113

He06XO,UHMOCTI1 JIWIHO HCCTI1 BOeHHYIO

IIC H38eCTHO, TaK K3K yTepHH3 60JibWaR

.unyM5t y3K11M11 KpaCHbiMI1 KaHTaMI1 nna-

n

1567

r. I-IOC11JJM

rOJty6~>tc

1575

c

cny)f(6y 11 BblllJia'li1BaTb .ueHbrH na co,nep-

LJaCTb nnaTClKHbi X 8e,ll,OMOCTei1. TaK KaK

11111 1-1 KOlKaHbiC KYPTKI1. 8

lKalme npaBHTCJi bCTBeHHOfO OfiOJIYeHllil.

KopoHa He nnan!Jia ~eo.uanbH biM onon-

IU11pcKaH nerKaH KOHH11Ua HOCI1JI3 K11pa-

Ocso60)!(.lJ.CHHe OT cnylK6bl TaK)f(e 11Me1111

' leHuaM , 3TO OllOJIYeHI1e pacnycKaJIOCb B

Cbl H WJieMbi, 06TIIHYTble CI1HeH TK3I-Ibl0,

31

r . i1opK-


CHHHe MYH.UHp, )1(11JlCT 11 ' IYJJKH, a TaK)I(e can0r11 .[lJHI BCpXOBOH e3.Uhl. B

1587

HIIHH. )J,a)I(C CaM CI:>HJIHIIII 110)l03p CB3II, 'IT O CI'O MO)I(CT )!()].3Th

r. i1opKwHpUbl HOCHJJH n n aw11 11 6pH.LJ.)I(H 113

HC TOJibKO 6e3orosopoYHall no6eAa. B a11pcnc

CHIIefO CYKIIa C )l(eJr i'OH fi O.LJ.KJia.LJ.KOH . 8 OfiHCai.IIUI Jl3HKaCTepCKOfO OIIOJJLi eHHH

1577

15 88

r. 011 nH-

can napMe, C006UJ;aH TOMY MHIIHM3JibllbiC TpC60B8 11Hll, K3KI1e

r. C006U \aCTCH, 4 TO fii1KI1Hepb1 HOCHJIH

cnenyeT OTCTaHBaTb B TOM CJIY'I3C, eCJJH .UCJJO )l.OH)l.CT li.O llC-

«CHIIee HOpKWHpCKOe CYKIIO», TaK KaK HMeHHO TaKOe CYK HO B

pcrOBOpOB. llpC)I()l.C BCCI'O, CJ1Cli.OB3JJO OTCT3HB3Tb CB060li.Y

60JlbWH X KOJlH'ICCTBaX T KaJIH B rpacpcru e .

jllJ

OfiHCaiiHH CJle-

sepoHcnose.uaHHH L\JJH aHrJJ I1HCK11 X KaTOJII1KOB. H a TOT cny-

nyeT, 4TO MYHJJ.Hphl or)J.enr,manH KaHTaMH Kpac Horo H )l(eJJTO-

•lai1 , CCJJ H 3HfJJI1HCK8H CTOpOHa B03p83HT, LITO J!I CI13H I1H IIC ):\3CT

ro useTa. KaM30n WHJJH HJ" 6enoi1 cpnaHemt. EpHJJ.)I(H wHHH H3

CB060.LJ.bl BepOHCfiOBeli.3HHH f0JJJI311li.CKHM n poTeCT3HT3M, llap-

6ne.UHO- CI1HCr O rpy6oro CYKIIa C OT.LJ.eJJKOH B BI1JlC JlBYX fiOJJOC

MC CJJC.UOB3JIO B03p33HTb, 'ITO «AIIriiHSI H J!ICfi3HI1H H3XOlJ.liTCll

KpaCllOfO H )l(eJJTOJ'O UBCTa . bCJlble CYKOIIIIble 4YJJKH H T YQlJl H

B Jlpymx OTHOWCHHliX». )J,aJJee, 3 HrJJHHCKHC rap11H3011bl lJ.OJl-

c 6onbWHMH 3aBH3KaM H n osepma;m r apnepo6. )J,ocHexH co-

)l(llbl 6bi JJH llOKHH YTb fOJJJI3HlJ.I110. lJaKOII eU, IJapMa L\OJI)I(CH

croHJIH 113 KHp3Cbl, rOp)l(eTa H LUJleMa.

6r,w rpe6osaTb 3H3'JHTCJJbHOH ne He)IO I OH Kowrp~<~6yU HH. EcnH

1-fCKOTOpble rpaQlCTBa o6ecne411BaJJH CBOHX OfiOJl 'ICIII(eB 5o-

1"!0311L(HH n apMbl 6y.ueT HC CTOJlb CHJibH3, CI)HJIH illl npe):IJJ a raJI

nee Ha p HllHOH YIIHQlOpMoi1 . 8 Kpai1 HHX cny4aHx onon•IeHeu HO-

OKKYHHposaTb ocTpon Yai1T H ToprosaTbCH.

ny'lan TOJJbKO MYH.UHp , a nee ocTanbHble npe)J,Me'rbl o6MyH.UHp0-

n oJJO)I(CHHC IJapMbi 6b1JIO HC38BI1).1,11 biM . 8 OTCYI'CTBHH llOli.-

13aiiHH JlOJI)I(ell 6r,1n HCKarr, ce6e caM. Ho C'IHTanocb neJJOM ' ICC-

XOli.Hili;CfO llOpTa, apMa)la He MOrna llOJUlep)I(HB3Tb CBSI3b C CI:>JI3H-

TH 06CCIIC' IHTb CBOHX OfiOJ14e11UeB xopowci1 YHHcpOpMOH.

.LJ.p11eH . l1cnaHUbi, BbiCa.L\HBWHCb B A ll rJI HH, Morn H 61>1 KaKoe-To

TepMHII « MYHJJ.Hp» (coat) Bhi3biBacr HCKOTOpbiC TPY.Ll.HO-

BpCMll CyLUCCTBOB3Tb 118 CB011X 3all3C3X, HeCMOTpH H3 fiOJJHTHKY

crH B l111Te pnpeTa UH11. 8 aHrn HHCKOM H3b!Ke CJJOBO COat 03Ha-

Bbi)I()I(CIIIIOH 3eMJIH, K3KYIO fi JI311HpOB8JJH npOBOli.I1Tb 3HrJJWI3-

•Iaer OrpOMHOC MIIO)I(CCTBO pa3JJI14HbiX BH)J,OB nepX HCH O,Lle)I(-

Ile. Ho TIOTIOJIHJ!Tb 33flaCbl nopoxa Hcn311L\3M 6b1IIO HCOTKYlJ.3. n o

.Llhl , s TOM 'IHCne nnawei1. HanpHMep, nnaw-MaH.U11JJH OI I Hpcn-

MCpC ll0)J,THfi1B8HH51 3HrJ111'13H3MH CHJI B KCHT, n apMa OK33aJJCll

crasnHn C060H CB060li.HYIO HaKH.UKy, CB060.UHO CBHC3101UYIO

6bl B TH)I(CJJei1wei1 CHTyaUHH.

c IU IC4. E>oKOBbiC UJBbl MaH.UHJII10Ha HC npowHnan HCb , a Jac-

AnhTepH3TH BHOH CTpaTCfHCH, K3KOH llapMa BfiOJJHC MOr BOC-

TCrHsanHCb 11a nyrOBHI..(hl, 6naro)J.apH 'ICMY CrO HOCHJJH 113ll0-

fi0Jlb30B3TbCH, 6b1II CTpeMHTeJJbll bi H 6pocoK Ha JlOHL\O H. B o n-

.U06He repOllb.Ll.H4CCKOrO K3M30JJa-ra6ap.ua. « faCKOHCKHih>

poe 33KJII043JIC51 B TOM, ycneJJ H 61>1 311rJJH4311e nepe6pOCI1Th CBOH

IJJI31U 11pCli.CT3BJHIJI C060H MeH}lHJJHOH )J,JJH 6e}lHbiX, BMCCTO

soiicKa 113 T11n6ep11 K M eAy3i1- KpoccHHr - C.L\HII CTBCHHOH npc-

nyrOBI11\ 11CllOJlb30BaJJHCb TeCeMKH . 06bi'I HO OfiOII'ICIIUbl IIO-

r paL\C Me)l(.uy no6epc)l(bCM H JlOHL\OHOM. EcnH •1cpc3 TcM3Y y

CI1JII1 «BeiiCill1aiiCKHC» 6 pH.LJ.)I(H . 0HH CBI1CaJJH C fiOHCa 11 onyc-

THII6epH IIOCTpOHTb riOHTOIIIIbJH MOCT, TO 11CpC6pOCKa He 3a!IH-

KaJJHCb ' lYTb HH)I(C KOJICH. noKpOH 6p11 ,!VK 6b1JI CB060JlllbiH,

JJ3 6 1>1 60JJbiUOfO BpeMCHH. l1HCII3HUbl , ClUC llOJJIIOCTbiO HC Oll -

OHH MCiliKOM 13HCCJl l1 lla 6eLJ,pax. B UeJlOM , BeHCU113HCKHC

p3BHBUIHeCll o T .uomoro nnasa HHll, CTOJJKIIYJJI1Ch 6r,1 c yKpcH-

6p11.[l)I(H 6b1IIH 60JJCC 11p3 KTH'IHbl 4Y.LIOBI11UIIb1X nJJall}lepX03e-

neHHbJMH ll03HUHHMH aHrnH •I all.

HOB, HOC HBW11XCl! 1IpC)I(.llC. 8crpe'laJJ I1 Cb 6pH.LJ.)I(H H .Up yroro

XOTH JlCCTep He fiOK83aJI OC06hiX 110IIKOB0)].4CCKHX TaJJaH-

llOKpOH, B nepsy10 0'1epeLib y 0(~J1lJ;epOB. bOJJbWYIO ' laCTb 3KH-

TOB JJH'IIIO, OH OKPY)I(HJI ce6H on hiTIIbi MH 11 cnoco6Hbi M H KO-

11Hp0BKH H3fOTaBJJHBaJJH .LJ.JHI OfiOJJLieHHH nepe):l M0611JJH3aU11-

Ma H.UHpaMH, TaK HMH KaK ll opp11c H Y~IIIbliMC. llcpeA y r po3oi1

eH. Ecrb cseneHHH, 4TO MYH.U11pbl Bbl):lasanHCb o n OJJ4CnuaM

)l.IIH BCCH 113U1111 , a!l f JI 11 HCKHe KOM3H,L\Hpb1 YMCpHII H CBOH

H3 BpeMll CMOTpOB, a 33TeM C06 Hpam!Ch o6paTHO 11 OTilp3BJI H-

CKJJ04 11 bl e HaTypbl. KaK H npocTbiC con.uaTbl H )1(11TCJJH A H r-

JII1Cb B x p amtJJHlUa.

JIIi H, 3HaTb 6 hlJla HaCJibJWaHa 0 )I(CCTOKOCTH HCIIaHUeB, BOIOIOUJ;HX B fOJJJ13H)l.HH. 0HI1 3H3Jll1 0 pe3HC, yCTpOCHHOH 11Cfi3H-

6biJJI1 Jut

y apMaJlbl maHchl ua ycnex?

U3MH B fapneMe, HeCMOTpll 11a TO, 4TO )I(HTCJIH ropOll.3 K3lll1TYJJ11pOB3JIH Ha HcnaHCKHX ycnOBHliX. 01111 TaK)I(C 3HanH , 4 TO

Brop)l(e1111e B A HrJJI110, KaK npe.L~naran Cl:>l1n Hnn I I , 113113'13II b-

)I(HTCJJH Jlcii.ucHa npcAII04JJI1 roJJOL\HYIO CMCP'I b KanwrynHL(HH,

IIO npe.UCT3BJIHJIO C060H anaHTIOpy. )J,ecaHT Ha 6e3331UJ1THblX 11

a )I(HTCJJH OL\eBaTepa npe.LJ.IIO'IJIH 11pc.uaTb cooi1 ropoll. onno,

HeMOpCXO)J.HbiX Tp3HCfl0pT3X Jl0JJ)I(eH 6bi JI npOHT11 HeCKOJibKO

IIC)J<CJJ H C)J,8Tb ero 11CTI8HI..(aM. )1{11TCJIH JlO II,L\OIIa 3 11 aJJ H, 4TO B

8000

4CJJOBCK "' 6hTJJO pa3pywcHo I 000

core11 I<HIIOMe'rpos, 4TO rpyllHOBbinOJJHI1MO caMo 110 cc6c. 3aTCM

AIITBepneHe 1WrH6n o

neca11r nomKCII 6biJI BCTpCTI1TbCH c KOpa6nHM I1 np11Kpb!TH51. DpH

noMos. YI Jnasani1C b JJHCTOBKH, n KOTOpbiX coo6u.(anocr,, 4TO

3TOM CyLUCCTBOBaJI OrpOM IIbiH p11CK CTOJlKHYTbCH C QlnOTOM npo-

KOp36JJI1 apMall.hl Harpy)I(CHbl Opy.UHliMH llbiTOK, a Ha 60pTy

TI1BIII1K3. TeM He MeHee, C opraHI133U110HHOH T0'1KI1 3p C1111SI 11Jl311

T3K)I(C 11 pHCYTCTBYIOT OllbiTIIble HHKBH311TOpb1.

npe.UCT3BJIHJI C060H llleLJ,eBp. 8 ycnOBHliX fiJJOXOH CBli3H 11 6a-

8 JIHTepaType '13CTO npeJlCTaBJJSIIOT 3 11 rJJI1HCKOe OfiOJJ'le-

JJ3HC11p0B3H HH 113 rpa 1111 6a11KpOTCTB3 ro cy.uapCTBCHHOH Ka:Jilbl

IIHC, K3K 6aHli.Y fiJIOXO BOOpy)I(CIIIIbiX KpeCTbll ll, KOTOpbiX CllaC

ocymeCTBHTb onep3UHIO M0)1(H0 6b1Jl0 TOJlbKO )J.eHCTBy H pCWH-

OT pa3rpOM3 H rH6CJIH 6pHT3HCKHH cpi iOT. I I a C3MOM ):lCJJC, B

TeJlbHO H IIJJ3IIOMCpHo. C blrpana pon r, 11 Jlli'IHOCTb caMoro CI:>I1JII1nna

11,

CJIY'I3C BbiCali.K H n a p Mbl B AHfJIHH, 11CX0ll. K8Mfi3 11HI1 6r,JJJ 6b!

KOTOpbiH OTJJ H43JJCH y npHMCT BOM H H36Hp3TCJibiiOH

cnenoToi1 11a Ql3KTbl. Eu~;e s ceHTl!6pe

1571

)l3JICKO HCllpCli.CKa3yCM.

r. OH n Hcan repuory

B

IIHCbMe OT

5

anpCIIH

1588

I~ KOpO-

JIIO n apMa llHCaJI:

Am,6e o6 H)lee BTOp)l(elmll s AHrnHIO. « 51 crpacTHO )I(CJT3IO JTO-

« Bpar npe.L~ynpe)I(JleH 11 311aer o 11awHx n naHax. 01-1 npo.ue-

ro npCli.TipH51T HH , ll llpHKHIIeJJ K HCMY BCeM cep.uUeM, H y6e)l(lJ.ell,

nan BCC IIC06XOlJ.I1Mh!e rrpHroTOBJieHHH K 060p 0HC. n o3TOMY one-

4TO 11aw CnacHTeJJb np11MeT ero, KaK Csoi1 co6crseHHbiH. Mc11S1

paltHll , KOTOpaS! npe)I(,L\C HC Bbi3B3JJ8 6hl HI1K3 KH X 33Tpy.UHeHHH,

HeB03M0)1(110 pa3y6e.LJ.WI'b}).

T enepb MO)I(CT li.OCTH4b ycnexa JJ HUJ b c orpOMIIbiM TPYL\OM 11 ue-

l-fCB03M0)1( 1·10 IIH ' I CfO CKa3aTb 0 CTp aTeJ'HH 11 T3KTHKC HC-

n oi1 ropa:JL\O 6oJihW HX pacxo).(OB, n oTcp b H TPYAOB» .

fi8HUeB. Koponr, HHLJero Ha :nor C'leT He rosop 11n, a llapMa 11c ocTaBI1JJ H HKaKHX 3an Hcei1. B o3MO)J<Ho, DapMa AO KOHua He sep1111 B TO, 4TO BT0p)I(CH HC BCe )I(C COCTOHT CH. l1cnaHCK3H a p MHH B l-fH.UC pJJall)laX H3XO)li1JI8Cb B paccpC.UOTO'I CH HOM COCTO-

32


J: /1CtJU/ICKilii tUIKtllleJY'f}eJ i)ocneX06

2: HcnaucKuit orfm~ep 3: #CII{IHCKilii 1/ICIUI


3

1: lfcnaucKuli ap zynam bep 2: H cnauCKllli rwucep 3: H e.llei (Kifli u ae,l lllblli pumm ep

!llllllllllllllllllllllllllll

2 200000

2

347879


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.