Avocado
Cultivation Seed to fruit complete crop protection
Right way of orange farming can reward any farmer with enough fruit to enjoy
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SOME IMPORTANT FACTS OF AVOCADO We know that avocados are a nutrient-dense fruit loaded with ber, healthy omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A, C, E and potassium. We also know that avocados are among the best foods to help ght stress due to their abundance of B vitamins.
Total 500 varieties of Avocado
SOME IMPORTANT FACTS OF AVOCADO The global production of avocados was over 5.6 million tonnes.Fossil records show that a variety of avocado was widespread millions of years ago. Avocados are in the same plant family as cinnamon and stinkwood.
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We know that avocados are a nutrient-dense fruit loaded with ber, healthy omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A, C, E and potassium. We also know that avocados are among the best foods to help ght stress due to their abundance of B vitamins.
Avocado Farming requires the dedication of many of our natural resources, including land, water, and climate. So let’s talk about these important points. Farmers need natural resources , such as land, air, nutrients, water and sunlight for heathy crop. Every crop is highly dependent on the climate. Climate affects all components of crop production. The second key component is soil. It is a key element of agriculture. Without it we wouldn´t be able to grow plants, which are used as food for both humans and animals. Like climate or soil Water is also very important for both livestock and for plants. It forms a large part of all plant tissues as well as being an essential component of all animal body cells. In crop agriculture, water is an important climatic factor. It affects or determines plant growth . And the last process is harvesting. It is the process of gathering a ripe crop from the elds. For maximum vase life of cut owers, harvest owers daily at their proper stage of development. Harvesting too early or too late signi cantly reduces the vase life of the owers. With these sources farmers can easily grow a healthy crop.
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Avocado plants are grown in tropical and semi tropical humid areas. These plants cannot tolerate hot dry winds and frost. They thrive best in true tropical to warmer parts of the temperate area.
Climate for Avocado cultivation 4
Avocado
Soil And Sowing for Avocado cultivation These fruits can be grown on wide variety of soils except on poorly drained soils as these plants are very sensitive to water logging. Avoid the saline soils as these plants cannot tolerate saline conditions. The optimum soil pH should be between 5.0 and 7.0 for better growth and yield. Propagation and Planting Material in an Avocado Fruit Farming:- Usually, avocado is propagated through seeds in India. Generally, the avocado viability of seeds can be increased storing the seeds in sand @ 5 °C (or) storing the seeds in dry peat Mature seeds taken from the avocado fruits are used for direct sowing on nursery beds or in polyethylene bags. After growing seedlings for six months in nursery can be transplanted to the main eld.
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Land Preparation & Spacing Make the land weed free and ne tilth by giving couple of ploughings. Prepare the soil in such a way that water should not be stagnated. Adding enough farm yard manure or well rotten compost will increase the fertility of the soil so the yield. Dig the pits size of 90 cm x 90 cm and ll the pits with farm yard manure and top soil in 11 ratio preferably in Feb to March period. Plant spacing in an avocado fruit farming depends on the cultivar and growth habit of the plants. Generally, a plant spacing of 8 m to 10 m is recommended in avocado plantation. For "Fuerte" variety, more spacing should be given due to its spreading nature. In Sikkim, a distance of 10 mu 10 m is preferred in June to July period on hills slopes.
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Avocado
Irrigation In an avocado fruit farming, irrigation should be carried out as soon as the transplantation takes place in the main eld. Subsequent irrigations can be carried out @ 3 to 4 weeks interval, especially in dry hot weather conditions. Mulching should be carried to avoid any moisture stress during the winter season. Mulch the plants with dry grass or dry leaves to retain the moisture. There is no need of irrigation in rainy season.
In case of heavy rains or ooding, water should be drained out as avocado plants are very sensitive to water stagnation. Drip irrigation is preferred irrigation method as it improves the size of the fruit and oil percent and reduces the harvesting time.
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When plants are young, weeds should be controlled either mechanically or chemically. Hand weeding can be carried out in the avocado plantation. HPM’s herbicide should be applied to prevent the weeds.
In an avocado plantation, the common pests found are mealy bugs, scales and mites. Control measures should be taken by spraying appropriate HPM’s insecticides.
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Diseases found in an avocado plantation are fruit spot, leaf spot and root rot. To control the root rot disease, apply HPM’s Fungicide.
Avocado
Mealybugs suck phloem sap. When common, they can reduce tree vigor, foul plants with sticky honeydew, and promote growth of blackish sooty mold that fouls fruit. Mealybug numbers are usually very low in avocado. They occasionally are pests of young trees.
Avocado Pest
Mealy Bug
Nymphs and adult female mealybugs (order Pseudococcidae) are soft, oval, white powder- or wax-covered insects. Adult males are tiny, two-winged insects with two long tail laments, but are rarely seen. In many mealybug species the female lays tiny yellow eggs in an ovisac, a mass of eggs intermixed with white wax.
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Soft scales rarely are pests in avocado. They suck phloem sap from foliage and twigs. Rarely do they feed on fruit. Where soft scales are common, the large q u a n t i t i e s o f st i c k y honeydew they excrete promotes growth of blackish sooty mold, which can foul fruit.
Avocado Pest
Scales
Soft scales at maturity are 0.08 to 0.2 inch (2–5 mm) in diameter. The soft scale's surface is the actual body wall of the insect and, unlike armored scales, cannot be removed. Adults are black, brown, or orangish with a hemispherical, humped, or roundshape.
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Avocado
Persea mite feeding on the u n d e rs i d e o f l e ave s c a u s e s discrete circular chlorotic to brown spots on the lower leaf surface. These spots become visible on the upper leaf surface. Persea mite colonies are small and can become very numerous. Each colony can produce dense webbing, which resembles a silvery spot on the underside of the leaf. High persea mite numbers can often be recognized by numerous brownspotted, green leaves hanging from trees and on the ground beneath infested trees.
Avocado Pest
Mites
High persea mite numbers causepremature leaf drop and defoliation. Defoliation leads to sunburned bark and fruit, aborted or dropped fruit, and severely stressed trees, which later reduces yields.
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Fruit Spot Fruit Spot of avocado is a common fruit disease causing severe losses during marketing and in storage. Avocado fruits may appear free of blemishes before they ripen, but latent fungal infections quickly result in symptoms when the inhibitory, anti-fungal compounds present in unripe fruit skins diminish during fruit ripening.
Leaf Spot You’ll know you have avocado algal leaf disease when green, yellowish or red-orange raised spots start to appear in abundance on your avocado leaves. Sometimes those spots spread to twigs and branches or come together to create larger blobs of discolored tissue. As the algal reproductive systems mature, the spots will all turn rust-colored and may also discolor the unaected side of the leaf.
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Root Rot This fungal disease affects avocado trees and thousands of other plants. The rst visible symptoms of root rot in avocado trees is light green to yellow, undersized foliage on infected plants.
Avocado
HPM’S Contribution HPM is a highly focused research driven agrochemical company. Every day HPM touches thousand of lives. At HPM, we want make agriculture better for farmers and families
Our life’s work is to improve agriculture, and we pledge to do so in a transparent and sustainable way. In future we will do more than treat agricultural problems—we will aim to make a remarkable impact on farmer’s lives. 12
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24 KARAT Also improves the physiological ef ciency of the crop by stimulating the hormonal and enzymatic activities and increases the yield and quantity of the crop produce. 24 Karat mobilizes reserves in seed to germinating point leading to breaking of seed dormancy and faster germination 24 Karat stimulates cell division and elongation that causes internodes to stretch leading to better growth of the plant. Improves taste and quality of fruits , and enhances their marketability speci c to crop. Improves photosynthesis and plant metabolism, Improves leaf area and root system. Regulates GA: ABA ratio leading to less ower and fruit drop. It increases stem length in owers grown for export. 24 Karat is unique combination of Sea weed extracts and GA . Gibberellic Acid acts synergistically with plant metabolism and accelerates the growth functions of the plant.
Quantity 1.2-2 ml in ltr of water 13
Avocado
HPM Gold HPM GOLD is unique product containing microbes as Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) and has broad spectrum action in granular form. It contains granular spores and other propagules of VAM Mycorrhizal Fungi in a granular carrier and has broad spectrum fertilizer activity. Due to high solubility in water it is absorbed rapidly through plants and roots, resulting maximum supply of compost and micronutrient to the crop. roots growth with excellent root setting, resulting greenness by vanishing yellowing in crop. It helps in greater utilization of nutrients, and provides plant protection from disease causing organism to the root and also makes insect resistant plant. It is completely safe to use HPM Gold. It also combats with the drought and stress loss by the crop. Its mycelial threads penetrate inward into the root, thereby increasing the surface area for absorption and translocation of essential plant nutrients including Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Calcium, Zinc and copper.
Quantity 4 Kg / Acre 14
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AASRA Aasra solution spreads quickly, and provides enhanced spreading of agrochemicals on the leaf surfaces and leads to better spray coverage, which improves the ef cacy of the agrochemical used. It is when added to spray water tank lowers the tension of spray water on leaf surface, which promotes the better spreading and penetration of Agro product. Aasra is compatible with most agrochemical formulations and can be used on a wide variety of crops. It has improved deposition of the agro product which enhances its coverage and retention on foliage. It ensures the solution doesn't wash off even after immediate rain. Aasra is designed in such a way that it ensures proper wetting of leaf surface, which makes the pesticide or agro product uptake and absorption rapidly by the plant. It ensures the proper penetration of the agrochemical product into the plant by reducing the droplet sizes of the spray. It is suggested to uses Aasra with agrochemicals at 0.025%-0.1% dose. General recommendation is 5 ml/ 15 lit. of water.
Quantity 5 ml in 15 ltr of water 15
Avocado
HEERA ZINC PLUS Zinc is most important nutrient in all the micro nutrient. It used manly in to improve nutrient growth in Soil. It improves the health and makes greenery in crops. It acts as resistant against disease and gives proper growth. Dosage: Foliar Spray @ 250 gm/acre in 250ltrs water.
Quantity 250 gm per acre / 250 ltr. of water 16
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Harvesting of Avocado 17
Avocado
Plants grown from seeds will be ready for fruit harvesting in 5 to 6 years after planting. There are two varieties of fruits in an avocado farming, purple and green. To determine the maturity of the fruits, colour change should be observed. Usually, purple variety will change the colour from purple to maroon where as in green variety, colour changes from green to yellow. Avocado fruits will be ready for harvesting when the seed coat changes its colour from yellow white to dark brown colour. These fruits only soften after harvest and it takes 5 to 10 days for ripening. 18
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