مسئلۂ تملیک

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15


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18


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"All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy ³³³³cannot ³³³³³³³³³³³be uploaded ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³on ³ any website except those of the publisher and the author."

41


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çâ ]„âæ ]‚÷e] š^Ú †ÚŸ] á] o×ÃÊ èÛÓvÚ èmŸ] ០p‚ß ÙçÏÖ] Ÿæ h^jÒ àÚ ^í‰ ^Þ^ãÖ Ü×ÃÞ Ÿ (ÜãÖ^u ]„â ÝçÎ á^Ò ]ƒ^Ê èß³‰ Ønß×Ö Ÿ] Ý¡‰Ÿ] oÊ ÜãÖ èfÆ…Ÿ …†• Üãje…^vÚæ Ü`i … oÊ á^Òæ ˆÃÖ] àÚ Üâ‚ß ^ÛÖ Ý¡‰Ÿ] o× m á] Ý^ÚŸ] p]†Ê (èÃßÛÖ]æ Ù¡íÖ ÔÖ]ƒ ØÃÊ è΂’Ö] àÚ ÜãÖ h^jÓÖ^e „ìŸ] àâ ]‚u] V'¡$ o³× ^³nϳfÖ] ènÞ^³³%Ö]æ èß³ŠÖ]æ ‹m^ne ‹nÖ äÞ] è%Ö^%Ö]æ (ànÛ׊ÛÖ] á] Ý¡‰Ÿ] Üãe p ^Ûi á] ÜãßÚ óÜ`jfÆ… Ü`nÊ àŠviæ åçãÏËm

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43


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44


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45


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46


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47


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48


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Ă? > 2iz ] ‥œaÆ äĆ’ M' ,{ÇĂ? ~g ZĹ )f kZ Ă°Ć’ Ă°VZ KZ ĂŹ : Ëœ ĂŁÂťĂ˜x â ZX Ăą0* Ĺ ZĂŚZ nĂ…{)z e $Ĺ @* Ć’ 0* ,ZĂ—(Z Ă°ĂƒyxgŠÆyZZ ' # ĂĽtwq Âť[²IZL L kZvZ °vÂĄaÆä[ Ăƒ} Ă—gzZ ĂžZ ¿ðĂƒ Ă‚@* Ć’F F6,c_à â ËÆ # XĂŹ ĂŻ Z ĂĄ ~ t ĂœZ xg kqt X @* YĆ’ ÂťZĂ—gzZ Š 8ĂĄu LZĂƒ~g ZĹ )f aÆŠZĂŚZ Ă…kZ Ă‚ĂŹ Ă VZ ~g ZĹ )f Ă°ĂƒĂ… b§kZ ä ¿Ë ¸ è ĂƒVĂ?Ă&#x;

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c* Ă„ M ~z z èg Z Ă‹ÂľZĂ&#x; Z ° Âżq -Z t { z ÔÏ Ă…Ăš Ĺ ~ kZq q -Z ' I E -o!KZÂĄc* GBG ĂŹ ZĆ’g !* , k i™ M ~Ĺ i Ă… ĂŽ J m g @* Z ÂŞZz Ă‹ LZ c* s Zu Z LZgzZ ĂŻ Ĺ ĂŚĂ? -Æ > 2igzZĂŹ xg ¸ {z Ă‚ĂŹ ]gĂ&#x;¤ /ZXĂŹ ZĆ’g D Âť ðâ i M ĂŤtĂ˜ Ă?ĂŚ Ă…] ‥œz > 2i Ă i Z Ă Ă°Z ‚ Ă› Z,jĂ…kZ Ă‚Ć’]gĂ&#x;~uzŠ¤ /ZpĂ” Âť ä0* X Ă?}Ĺ wZ e6, { ZgĂ&#x;ĂƒVĹ’qt:gzXceã™7

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{z Æ Ă°>gzZ ng0 +ZÆ TĂŹ b ËœZ Ă Zz pg x|Wz q -Z vZ −° Ăž £ÆkZXĂŹ ðâ . Ă› ðÉgäwĂŽgÆkZgzZvZs§Ă…X 4ZĹ x Âť}g‚ 3g w ä y- ĂŹ ÂŞ Hx Ă‚ Zg7 {z Ĺ Z%Ă? TĂŹ ]¨ŽZ −° b ËœZ {zĹ Z%Ă?vZ−° ĂŹ Ç ď \ MĂ? \ M ]!* t Ă‚Ă™g¨~ Ă?zg Ă…. Ăž ÂťkZXĂŹ Zb Z Âľ Z Âľ ZÆkZgzZĂŹ Zg @* Z ä\ÂŹvZ ĂŹ YĆ’ ĂŒŒÚ¨e $Z@x Ă‚Zg7 x PZÆkZgzZ ’ zx ªÆx Ă‚}g7kZŒÚ¨¤ /ZX M hĆ’Ĺ Z%Ă? kZ ĂŒ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy ³³³³³cannot ³³³³³³³³³³ be uploaded ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³on Âł any website except those of the publisher and the author."

49


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ËÆ kZ¤ /ZgzZXì 7ipðÃÌZ # ñY H ay  Ð æ Å > 2iz ] ‡œ6, XìvZ−°{zÌZ # ÙsÜÃkZ6,¹F, z«™Å b „q -Z ðƒ wEZ b ˜Z ÅvZ−° V˜ V˜B‚ÆmÆwÓ!* Š ˜ gzZ t ÎZ kZ n ƒ { i Z0 +Z¼ @* D™ÜÐ ˆy M Œ Û VŒ BV‰ÅkZ ëÔì : $ Ë M , qH H Æb ˜Z

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Øônûfô‰ø oûÊô Üû`öøÖ]çøÚûø] áøçûÏöËôßûmö àømû„ô$Öø] ?Ÿøæ$ ^ß&Úø ]çûÏöËøÞûø] «Úø áøçûÃöfôjûmö Ÿø Ü$ $ö äô×#Ö] ( 262:2{ÂZ) ópƒ÷ø]

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yˆZgÖZúÆay  kZgzZ~3Zg ó Xó ïŠ Î7šÅ Z j +ZgzZ

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"All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy ³³³³³cannot ³³³³³³³³³³ be uploaded ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³on ³ any website except those of the publisher and the author."

50


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:ìŠ Z%+ ŠDgzZ+ŠÐvZ−° ì ãZzÐx¯t (~e $ M kZ

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"All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy ³³³³cannot ³³³³³³³³³³³ be uploaded ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³on ³ any website except those of the publisher and the author."

51


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óóóóé†n%Ò ä×#Ö] سf‰ ÔÖ^³Ú Ù^³Î äÞ] Ÿ^Î ^ÛãÞ^Ê ÐvF‰]æ ‚Ûu] àÚ p‚ß x’³m p„Ö]æ svÖ] è×Ûq àÚ s³v³Ö] á] ^³Û³ãÖç³Î ( 969/2) óæˆÇÖ] ÄÚ ØfŠÖ]

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"All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy ³³³³³cannot ³³³³³³³³³³ be uploaded ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³on ³ any website except those of the publisher and the author."

52


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~ kZXì æ Wzq -Zæ ÅvZ−° ì Cƒ" $U* ]!* t Ð wZ ¸Z Ñ!* {gÃè +Z Ì]!* ðÃÅÅ~z*Šz´Š ÅxsZX 4ZŠx »„}g ‚Æð>gzZ n 7wZÎðÃÌ»FÐ UË~ kZXƒ ð M: ƒg0 +ZÆkZ ì ˆ{g7 "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy ³³³³³³cannot ³³³³³³³³³ be uploaded ³³³³³³³³³³³³³on ³³ any website except those of the publisher and the author."

53


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}Ĺ ĂĄn Y H~ .Zx|ÂťFĂ? T7ĂŹ +ZqĂ°ĂƒVĹ’Ă‚wzZèYĂ” @* Ć’Za Fg0 +ZÆTĂŹĂło³ÊLVĹ’Ă” Ĺ HHn² 6ĂŒ6, (Ă…kZpĂ” ĂĽĂł xĂł Ă‘L Lq -Z™ 6Ă” D MĂ­sg rF, x Ă“ ÆkZ¤ /ZĂ”3U* X* @Y c* 0* 7ĂŒ< ĂĄ ĂŒĹ Z Ă°ĂƒÂť e** Y c* 0* ~ VĂ‚gĂ&#x;~g‚yZ Ă‚Âť —F Ă‚ĂŹ Ă… ô¼ä[ZgzZ fÆĂ?C Ă™ XĂŹ 7s %Z‌Ă?kZgzZĂŹ e** Yc* 0* Œ½ZF Ă‚ĂŹ e¤ /ZXĂŹ 7„

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54


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55


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( 574wZñÑZ[ )

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»kZÔì CY Åp° 6, gîx ¬Å > 2i ìt Â?Š ãZzq -Z Ås %Z kZ X @*M 7tŠ ™6, zZÆkZ Ìb ðà :ì CYÅt6, gîx ¬p°Å > 2i äYbŠÃT bŠÃòŠ M,Z ËÆb§kZ c* MËzðà » {gH[»L L ðà »áZz ¶ŠÐ wâ {Š™ « ƒ b§kZ bŠt gzZƒ:Š ñú â ¦ÑðÃ~ ó Xó ìg:hZzŠ ¢

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X 7b ðû[ »B3Å ã!* Û Œ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy ³³³³³cannot ³³³³³³³³³³ be uploaded ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³on ³ any website except those of the publisher and the author."

56


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ËL Z w 3Å ã !* Û KZ ÌŠp\ M Ôì 7~gz¢ bŠ ÄMË ˜ i ÑÃy Z Œ h}ŠÃ ` ZgzZ d M $¾ËÔ M h}ŠÃ„  zŠ ËLZÔ M hÑ~s^ CZ f x ZŠÆkZ™ Ö @ Å] !* kZ Âì Ƙ¤ /Z'Ô M h™‘œ7ÅkZ™ Ö @Ô XÙ:„Åä™} 7 kZèYÔ C M 7ÃC Ù „ Ìzz ðÃÅi q Ð ZÆ×; ) c* ×; Ë~ ¶ŠÆkZ CZ »á Zz ¶ŠX C M 7tŠ ™Ìb§Ë¨Åäƒ ó óé»wâ ÆVÍß L L6, zZÆ

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Åw3Å ã !* Û KZ ¿ðä Œ /Z X Cƒ 7x¥zz ðÃÅ äƒ {Ð kZ ÌŠ ¢ Ìy›}uzŠgzZì Y| 7,i úÌŠp{z6,kZ Â} Š™<z6,KÅD™ ¯ i úY X M h| 7, i ú6, kZ

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( 28:22ÝZ)

c* ó ]çûiö!™ L f »¶ŠÃM~kZ ì »pgpÅNtB‚ƤS~e $ M kZ ~ hð¤ /ZXì c* MB‚ÆÂÆó ]çûÛöÃô›ûø]LÉ Ôì c* M 7B‚Æp ÖZÆó ]çûÎö‚$ ’øiøL aÆx|Æ—Fp Ö ZÆó Ñ‚’³igLzZ ó ð^³jm] L ñY1™n Û taÆk , Š ?ì ïq »x|Æ—FÌ » ó Ý^Û]LH Âì @* Y HòúŠ 6Ô D M î~]gßÅx ¬]úŠq -Z™šÃV'¾Ð¹™ å“  Í » ã!* Û CZ¿q Œ -Z¤ /Z 7F~]gßkZ ._Æô¥Å ók , ó ;Z ìLè L Ñq ?ǃ: x ÍZt H Â}Š Xì Š Hc* ŠgZ Œ Û xi ÑoÑÅ > 2iz] ‡œÃTˆð0* ¬„z‚ ì " $U* Ð ]%¥Å gzZ g $Š q Z Ôì »“  ÍÆã!* Û ¬ Œ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy ³³³³³cannot ³³³³³³³³³³ be uploaded ³³³³³³³³³³³³³on ³³ any website except those of the publisher and the author."

57


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¡XĂŹ Ç ď ]i YZ Ă…äVZ {Z +ĂƒĂ? Æ w3kZ ĂŹ ~z%Ă? Ĺ’0

"All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy ³³³³³cannot ³³³³³³³³³³ be uploaded ³³³³³³³³³³³³³on ³³ any website except those of the publisher and the author."

58


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b§kZ c* Ă­aÆyòŠM ~!$ +

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tĂ‚ZĆ’^ ,Y** 3“  Ă? Âť ĂŁ!* Ă›Z Ĺ’ # LL

oĂ—Ă‚ Ă™ ^ĂŁĂ&#x;Ăš Ă˜Ă’Ÿ] ‥^q ^Û³ÖÌ Ă? VĂ&#x; 3Ă…kZ ĂŹ ?Ĺ Ă…kZ]!* Ă Ăš ^â çĂ—rÂłe Ă…^³Ë³jĂžŸ] ‥]ç³q kZªÆ ÔÏ Y VZ ĂŒ{Z +Ăƒ òŠM Ă™^³Î ÔÖ]„³ÖÌ Ă„ÂłnfĂ–] èãq †³³nÆ Ă?Z X}™: Ă’ĂƒĂ… ä¯ tâuĂ? ‚×re Ă…^Ă‹jĂžŸ] ‥çrm ^Ă&#x;e^vÂłâ€˜] ĂŁ!* ÛŒ ĂŹtĂ˜<è f}g øĂ?zz †Û à  ÔÖ]Ć’ pÌ‌Ì ènv•Ÿ] ¸ XĂŹ ^ ,Y ** VZ {Z +Ăƒ Ă? w3Ă… ofĂƒdĂ–] Ă™^ĂŽĂŚ èdĂą^Ă‚ĂŚ Ĺ’^fĂ‚ Ă e]ĂŚ ]|gzZĂ”k„0Z]|Ă”/]|]!* äjnv•] ÔŠÚ „íjm Ñ̆ŠÚ ĂĄ^Ă’ -ĹĄ^I XĂŹ ~z%ĂŒĂ?ĂˆÂŹ ĂŤ ĂśE óänĂ—Ă‚ o×’mĂŚ o×’Ú ÂŻ iĂş} Y Ă…w3Ă… ĂŁ!* Ă› KZtzä Ĺ’

( 293/3m ĂŠ}8E –1ZĂ”y M Ă…Zx ŠZ )

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59


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kZ ì ‘œgzZ > 2iw3Å ã !* Û HpÔì B Œ bgwÅÁgaÆ> 2i 5ZŠ Z ?N YKZ +¬Æ> 2igzZ‘œx ©Z}g ‚6, Æ ã !* Û ìt { z Ôì Œ¼ ~ Ýzg Åw Z ¸Zz g Œ $Š q Z Ñ!* {gÃè Âä ~ ÔtÜZxgk}OÆpgmПÆ>2iz]‡œnç»Vß3ÅkZgzZ“ Í ÃVzuzŠgzZ D' ,ŠpÔ ñîÔñ3ÃyZ òŠ M Ôì ‚ rgmÐ qrz yˆ ZgzZ è5 :„Åä¯tâu™ Ö @c* pg™ÀÃyZ 'X} Š6,gîÆ ºœgzZ Ôb@

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(ÅvZèg)¨ ¤!Z0ZZ]|LL

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oÞ†Ú] Ù^Î gÖ^› oe] àe] o× à Ü׉æ än× ä×#Ö] oב ä×#Ö] Ù牅 Ñ‚’i] á]æ äÞ‚e o×F Ýç³Î] á] ó^ãj×q]æ ^â ç×qæ ^ãÚçv×e

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( 4145¶gÔò«ZðûZò)

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7{Z +ÃÐyZÌÐÎâËŠpòŠ M ì 7Å > 2iz]‡œx¬ÎâÅkZ ]!* kZµš{zXì ZƒJÈB‚Æ*Zçz°Z¸mºs¥»kZg0 +ZÆyZ c* YV Z Ø" ÃkZ Âì ;g 0* ÆaÆ!* ¾Ã]â} .Å{gZŠ Z c* ³Z ˤ /Z ì ‚ rg h» X @* ƒZa 7wZÎðûFË~kZXì Y}Š 9ä ~ ÔJ -u ÅDLZ Ôì Hn²ä ~¼ t ì lg Z ¦ / t ~y M sw¼ ƒ  t Y™7òúŠt ~pÔì ÅÒÃÅä™~ .Z ò} 9Ð bÑŠ ¬gzZ îq -ZÃkZ Vƒ &s ÜÆ~g ZŠ)ft ~Ðzz kZXì „Çsw "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy ³³³³³cannot ³³³³³³³³³³ be uploaded ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³on ³ any website except those of the publisher and the author."

60


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X VzŠ wÅ ò :ÃkZ™ƒ izIÐ £ LZ c* X Vz™7Ð wÅ} Zg Ð kZ ä VÍߊ OZ . Þ ‡‰~ Tì ÐX, Z q -Z m» kZ²m<!* LZÐ bÑŠ Ã} Zg KZ ~èa ë @* X ì Å ì‡ä ~ ì Å ì‡} Zg Z ÆÃz„ÃkZ @* ™kC7s # DðÃ~ kZÐzzkZÔVƒ ;g 0* o¢~w ì ¼ aÆä™g¨6, X´Š ë Zq -ZÐ kZì eÔVz™7t ‚ÆDIZa ÔÐ ,™ ãZz Vc* gz$Å} Zg ~÷B‚Æ bÑŠ d[ ôZ :X † Zg 5

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wJB‚Æà Š {Š ¤gz Zt ]] !* ~ ¸C Ù Åy Zgz Z ÇVz™xlí» ðÉgÅyZ~ X ÇVz™

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"All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy ³³³³cannot ³³³³³³³³³³³be uploaded ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³on ³ any website except those of the publisher and the author."

61


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