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om i.c id am rg gh d.o ad wri hm a da l-m ve .a . ja w w ww w w "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

om i.c id am rg gh d.o ad wri hm a da l-m ve .a . ja w w ww w w "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

om i.c id am rg gh d.o ad wri hm a da l-m ve .a . ja w w ww w w "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

om i.c id am rg gh d.o ad wri hm a da l-m ve .a . ja w w ww w w Address: Post Box 5185, Lahore Pakistan. Website: www.al-mawrid.org Email : info@al-mawrid.org, almawrid@brain.net.pk "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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** Ć’ §Z Âťx Âť k Q D™g ZĂœZg !* g !* Ă‚D WaÆYĂ?Ă­ {zX¸ ĂŒ :èZgaÆkS ~Ă?zzĂ…]!* Ĺ Ă”X ĂĽĹ HĆ’Âť~Y 1978 ce {ŠâW~y s !* ‰ƒZâÍÆyQĂŒ[ xZ‰F[ĂŤWgzZI−{QX ĂĽ ~ „Z', uĂ…yQX¸vg) , Ă?Ć’  ~V2zĹ }gør # ™iZâGXZĆ’ Æ k&Z Ĺ’Z }Z xâZ f *Z d $½kÂśZ Ă… kS X ˆð¯œ>q -Z -Z Ă…øZĹ z D[!* q gZ~ T Ă°Ć’Ă‚~ w; b ÆgĆ’Ă‘]gZĹ“k , i Ăł Ĺ Ăł g>Z L L[ Z Ĺ HW~Ĺ z {g ZĹ Z {z~ 1983y gzZ Å• ÑäŠZÂŽ~(, ~ Y 1985ˆ>²Ÿ Æ kS XĂŹ Ï‥~ yĂŽ N* we â Æ51 Ă? x ** Æ X ;g @* Ć’Ăš ĂĄ ~]gĂ&#x;Ă…Ă?q -Ztw‚zĹ | l, eX Ĺ HĆ’ĂŒ§Z Âť Ăł Ăłt ZĂ‘Z L L $ e ÂťkS = ~Y 1987 tJ -[ZĂ?‰ Ăœ zk Q ĂŹ ]ÂťvZX Ĺ HĂŻcĂŚĂŽšG

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™ »ÐQyŠ Ï Qä~Ô~Š=äV,Q[  yŠ}uzŠÆkS ~÷X Zƒ ZzÐ ÌZ Å?Š ~ Z # å µñª ~ Ï0 + i ~÷t X 1 -ZÐS ä ~Xì q O~(,Ð ƒ q  ÅÏ0 + i ~÷Ì` M /Zz ¸ ,~{ÇkgŠ ~(, Ѓ  ÅgƒÑä~Ô~ˆX åHÝqÐ~V n Ð V;z~ ìt |ÔqðÃ~(, Ð kS Xð0* ½Å[ŠZ ~m, ôZgzZ ) )ëƒ ®  }÷Ôl» :eÎ;g!* ~½yZgzŠä~Xe™:ÝqÌ X Dƒ}g ¦ / Ð5 ZgkS ñƒD Y~k , $ÑLÌŠ *ZgzZ Æ š Ï QÐ # r™·à z X Š H/u 0* ~ { â ÔÔˆ w‚ F ~¬ k',äV˜ ¸ } 9 z Ì` M {z X ðƒ ]‡56,} i ZzgŠ :c* Zƒrg ÃÌgzZ ðÃÐ{ ÇkgŠ ÅyQÔx¥7=X 嬊¹Qä ˆ}÷ZŠ Zzi Z0 +Z à zdðƒ [Y 1986]

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?ÅX~ VÒ{¾ ¶{â wV Ýq » Š z V© ~ Š z }%

V¼ ] H LZ ~ Ä y!* i ìg: ÙWÌ{z [ ZÐ Vî Zâ~% Vƒ Ë~ V†à~ Ô*0 +}% ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 52 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

³³³³³³³³³³³³ tĂ˜ztzf ³³³³³³³³³³³³

„g „ [ Ă… kò =g = „g „ & M | Ă… & }% [Y 1988]

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š!* ò

:üšäi ZèĆ’q

Ă„c* „Z ĂŠÂź A gŠš!* ò šâ€š {$ + Zg ç z Ĺ !*)g [ W g )

ÂŹĹ ;g !* ä ~pĂ”7c* Ă° M' ,zig Mt Ă…² ĂĄ Æi ZèĂ”xÂĽ7= XĂŹ @* JĂ kòizgC Ă™ šâ€š}g )ÆŠ!* )g[ MÆgĆ’Ă‘ ĂŹ ÆÏÆ„ƒqĂ”¡` C Ă™ ÂťwĂ‘iÆkQgzZ ĂĽ H~gY ä â€œĹ Ĺ !* )g :Ï¿ü/Ă”._ vZ gĂ&#x; Ĺ“ â Ĺ !*)g i E+ Ă—Ă‘i ĂĽhIB Eò ĂĽ / Æk QX c7ĂŒwĂ‘i~k QgzZ Ă…7~g Yäâ€œĹ Ă‹1Ă…gĆ’Ă‘ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 53 l^Ăš^Ă?Ăš ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

³³³³³³³³³³³³ tØztzf ³³³³³³³³³³³³

Å k Q© pÔgØ~g« b§TÔì ðƒ B b§kS è~ ã0* k QÔ D™ Za gZi {!gzZ | # gŠtzgzŠ6,Vzg )Æ k QgzZ ò Zy  ×M ìz',zg { óQ ì @* Æb§kS ~Vƒó 켃  {z~ŒÆ y!* igzZ C M 7:ZzÂáZe ÌiZ0 +Zß {ó6,kS òŠ MX Sg7]gz¢Å :ì 9g (Z"

om i.c id am rg gh d.o ad wri hm a da l-m ve .a . ja w w ww w w

Vc* i »{ óq -ZÔŠÎg ZD Ù aÆwŠ

ë~}g !* Æå[ MXì @*MÐ óº ó ZvZ ÒgŠ L Lã 0* »Š !* )g À& :ì H Zay*HÐkS äƒqÔ õ/GŸG ŠXì ] ¬x £»k Q ²lp Š !*,Z z 0g [ W z i Zè IG 45“  Zgí8 cg w{ døE „

GiG ¢ Û  zZ ~ Y]¬ å[WiZ ï „ E I34$  Z óº „ ó Z vZ L L øšE â [ W@*

•Z ÅkS = X Å7ÒÃLä ~ Å+ Y È»1kS ÅàLZ t Xì @* ƒ qzÑÐ óº ó ZvZ ïgŠ L LÔ¹ä ƒq 6ÔŠ !* )g Xì x¥ Vð; Æ ]gŠÔ—" ÐS Xì Cƒ »6, º ó ZvZLx £å a}÷ aÆ tzf r # ™C Ù t yxgŠÆ VÂgq™ÅàpÔH7ðä ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 5 4 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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G Ýzg¼¼~cgzZ¦Y7Z #‰ Ü zkQû%Fä~Xìx£»Hî0E 0¢Z% Xì ¬Š íJ -V-—Åy1 MÐV¹Å}iÐS Ôì CY’ # yŠaÆXÔáZz g~ VzàÆ äâ i kS -E »ˆÆ‘  î*0G # ðgzZ @* -E L¤ /Z {z XÐ Ã:™ÐS Ôì Cƒ qƒ¬ ¼ Ð izg î*0G ƒ BŠ DƒqƒÃð™ƒ} 9}g)ÆkS ~Vî YÅVzg @* I ze

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3 Zg »îJ -á Zz ä¯Æݬ kS Ô7 [ M ¡t ƒx¥¹Q  Xì Ì

V/ë›~T H7m"Ðy M Œ Û kQsÜ…äyÕ6 tWÅTì c* Š™xzøÌÐ y M Œ Û k Q Ô ñƒ¤ /{)~ k]Æ E3Bt yŠP {z [ ZX å k7,izgz‘  Ly¨ KZ&gzZ Iè~ ]¡ î0ªG k7,g ¶ Z¬Ðƒ  gzZ @* g @* Z~9zvg LZ ã0* » { (v',ÔÞZñ m  X Cƒ7¸ðÃKZÅk QÔ Cƒ,¸ƒ  aÆk Q~Tì Š !* )g[ M kSÆgƒÑ ì Hkò{z x¥HÐQÔ~‘  zizgyS ?ì CYðJà}g )Æ &Š /ŸÀG NŠ D F, Zà ð6,x £ËÆb§ÏS Ôh + á äËX c* MŠ c* ÄHÔ õG :å¹™ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 55 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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aÆh]oÃÃIZ,Z ë /Z ¶°» ð ÂDƒ : wÎg ¤ [Y 1986]

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`ZÐ yî N* yegÇE X Z7,Ü$ +yk CZû%zŠ= ~ V¸P Ô ´ â Æy6 ~ yƒ N* wD Z ¸ ñƒ ‹ ä{gG Â/ÌZ ñƒ : Zƒnç„zc* ÍX 1™ê»&ÐQä

‰ ÌáïgzZ¸: ÌÆÆW

ðVZœ~(,~ä¯. Þ ‡Æ gÐ S gzZlˆÅykkS ä~ yX Ç} 7,3ZÐ VŒ ~¢âZ= å: Ì~yázëz}÷X ¶ ™f » ~g6KZB‚Æ# Ö Z0 +~(,äk QX åkˆZ »kS Ìô âÆ ¦Ãéz>ÔZƒ wì= X @* Yƒ lñ{ G {z Â êŠ ™g ïZ ~ X H = ~ ]gßÅg ïZ ǃ: ¦ / Ù ~ s¬ k Q {z Ôì {' C × ~ ä™ :1™{°z»¶Š™à {yä~X ÏìgxVŒ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 56 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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+Z l : âW ¾i Z ô *iz0  zig Wx gŠ î0Ï›^I „ ô, Zi !* -Z y »}uzŠ X á$ q +y k Fä ~ Ô~ VÎ',{gG Ô Æ ähgy CZ ´ â » yLZ # = X ì @* 7,„ * *™à {ÃòŠ M yŠ *Š kS X ì ã ; ŠŠ c* Å|~(,q -Zt Vƒ @* ™kC~ Ôì Ha

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aÆä hgÐ S G yŠ q -Z Ì{ z Ô ì g {g~ yÆTë~ X 7ykZ Ì»kS t ‚Æk QÔ M h™g ZƒÐ ´ â kS ëX Ǿ ëX Yƒ 7Ìt V ; z Ô M h YáB‚ v' ,zi ‚ƒ  CZ ëVŒ Hw E Z b§TÐ Q ä ëgz Z , Š™à { y » k QyŠ q -Z g6 Ѓ  ÅÝ ¬kSt X NY ñ ZÆw ¬t ‚Æk QaÆk QÔì |ÏS ÝZgŠXŠ qC Ù V Œ X 7GaÆËÐ Tì |~ (, :ì ã ; ŠŠ c* Å

‰ Ô_Š Zj yÃîì Ã U IZ 7 Š *Z ' i Z Á `ñ î0*ŠÅ [Y 1986]

³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 57 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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®Ò7 ÛŒ ‡ Z ì gzŠ KÓ r z ðà }™ Za #Z¢ wŠ ¬

om i.c id am rg gh d.o ad wri hm a da l-m ve .a . ja w w ww w w

Ð V¸FÔ{ Ç7 ÅKìY Å k Q ÔVƒ Lg ~DT~ K™g¦ / Ð X¸ ñƒ ¶gŠ {Š ‚¼ '~} æ M',¬ Xì yk , i ` @* gzZ ä Et ‚™w$ +~ V1Zø¹Q[ ZX¸ Dƒ4ZŠ~ yÑZŠÆ }æ M', ¬Š ä~X ˆ~Š™ qzÑy¬{ â g e&ÂZƒê»ä¯ ~9J -¿ÐEy5~„}‚‹gzZ ðƒxâ~VâŠg Z-Š Å à{Ð}g Ç• M Z~ Và&zŠ „¸ö»K[ Z åwì Z÷X ˆƒ Ü z Zƒx¥ÂàJ ‰ -Vzg ogzZVæ' ,Å ` @* nçZ # pÔ ÇñYƒ ¶: C7,¯ ¬ X ‰ ugÐ x »B; Æ Vzg zgzZ ˆíg ëg Å ¹~yÅVz+gzZ ÂÆ Y' ,q -Z q -Z [ Z Ô¶CY VJ -x !* g Z-Š Ô ~K¬ KÔ7x¥X ì KÏ KgÅî }÷t X Dg ¦ / [ë Mû%Xä Vzg zÆyQ6,Væ' ,gzZV1ZøÅû` @* gzZ vH ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 58 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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Ă… g zĂ°ĂƒX ǃŠDĆ’ {ž6,ÂŹZĂƒ Ă° 4Ó›¨ Ă‚ĂąYĂ–aÆžZ F,èG  :@* Ć’7Vc* ĂşĂŒâ€šĹ *Ă”B$ +:~V¸yĹ J -Z # ZĆ’4A $É`Z # g !* ĂŽ "% b§Ă?S Ă°C 0G Ă™ B‥z pĹ g DĆ’ ĂŒ{zĂ„XĂŹ BĂƒwž ĂŽ0E {zgzZ Ô‰ Ć’ rg ĂƒĂ? K M F, Ă…yZ- Ĺ q -Zš}uzĹ C Ă™ Ă‚ĂŹg DĆ’x

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: Ĺ Hš~}g !* ÆXĂŒ

I ŠEĂ… Ă… 0*ĂąZ' d þŠE Ĺ g W iz' ,Ăľ/E , gZĂ‹ zZ s°!* „â z r%

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Ĺ % Ă? ÂŽ yp ĂŹ Ă… ÂŽ Ă’7

t Ă› ~ ò}Æ VâzĹ yS vĂ&#x; ZĆ’ 7g !* ÂŤ~ äâ i kS XĹ qt *Ĺ kS XĂŹ Ă­Ĺ Âť_Ĺ Zj-S F, Ăľg @* Ă…xĹ M Âľ XĂŹgĂœâ€ĄĂ? ä™ ÆyQĂť% ¨ ¸gzZ OiQä VĂ?Ă&#x; [Ć’t ;g !* ĂŒÂŹĂ? kS Ă”~ x ÂŁÂťyQ~ äâ iÆ[zÂŚ- gzZ Ă…Ă’ĂƒĂ…äâ„˘Ă°â„˘ĂŒĂ„~ yZ-Ĺ : ž yĂƒĂ?VĂ?Ă&#x;Æb§kS X ;e** ™³Ă?Ĺ ZÂŽĂ…+mÆyQ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 59 l^Ăš^Ă?Ăš ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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{@* Ã ì B; Ôtâ z Û ~¾ { ó EE 5B+ s Z F, {k Hì » — ÿG [Y 1989]

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x: Vâ M/

t‚ » ~0 + zZ} .Øga}g øŠ z »T ˆƒ ÁgÐ *Š {z Vî 0* LZ ¶éZpÅyQX ‰ 0* ] Ãzx H−Zz ðÅY86 ~g†B 19X å Ë ÂñÎ{zX ~Š™~g7 éZpt ÅyQävZX ,hgà *Š kS ºÐ z._Æw©Ã]ZgXÐBŠ: ð‹Z å: Ì~ yáz ëzÆ ëX ìg™kC~g ZØŠ¼ ~h e ÷‚ Zƒx¥Ô Hçz Ô`ZaÆ ÆäÆxŠtpÔÐNYiÌZÔåwìX ‰ − k0* ÆyQƒ  Te y ©h + á {z Ô¬Š ä ëX¸ } 9k0* Æ _ X å Z9Z 7a X ‰ƒZ] .Ðë~VwgzZ 3gu6, ¤äV,QÔÅŠæä~X w‚K!* äX H qzÑB‚Æ~œ, kS ä V,Q^ »Ï0 + i Å~g Z2ZoÆ~gZŠ Ãz Ï0 + i ~g7 QX 3gxŠ~~Š Zz Ås¦ ¸Æ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 60 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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, ¦ LZX Å7lˆ{ ZgÅÁg L~k QÔŒ+Š&Xìg ¶k :_7,q^tB‚ÆiÎzŠgŠ} (, LLX å§{mu"Ð ** ƒ ÏŠ HƒðÎe $6,} /Kg

©$E Ãî0(G LZ={zX„g~gzŠ Åy1 Mz}i~]c* ÃÆyQgzZ}÷ ©$E X @* ™7Ãî0(G »< L zy M Œ Û t ‚ÆyQ~Ô D™ÒÃÅä™b‡»

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L~ mb!* ì ]»vZpÔCYƒ Za Ì]gßÅ {øoz c :ånç„zc* ÍX ðƒ7Za ~gzŠ

*zZ !* å ~gzŠ e $.gŠ

Ôe™: ZŠ Z h» # Ö } .ÅyQ~ ìt hXìg k0* }÷å {z X ‰™ ZŠ Z b§~g7h»›KZ {z 7µ~kS p ‘Ð ¥ˆ Æ ]Ãz Åxj% ZŠ ZŠ X å ~gZŠ }i& ð!* M » yQ 6,wÈz IZ LZgzZ ] Z f KZÐ ~ k Q Ôc* ¾ XìgƒÆ Ï QQX Zƒ X c* Š™g 2 +Å ¼ƒ  ;g !* X H ay Á¹ LZgzZ t~ ª qC Ù Å ÙpgzZ §Xìg m" Ð qC Ù Å *Š {z Zƒ kC¸ Ô¬Š Z #C Ù !* X 3ßÃx á ÒZ Ô ä 3 ðX ì‡6,] Ñ© o8 Ð wqy!* i c* ÍXì 7w2ðÃÅyQÔ n pg ö-FFwŠÐ^sÜ : ìgÈ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 61 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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i Zz6,]¯ i x: VâW/ * ¨ ' ,{ Ç ÔÌ c á /“ b§Ï QÔ¸ D YÖ{zaÆVwPk0* ÆËb§T º{ Zg ëpÔ Çƒ »“ ^ Zg ø … Y 7—" Ô ëX Š Hƒ »^gzZÆ ì ¸ |~(,Ð ƒ  ÅÝ ¬kS Xì ** ƒ »wq¾ÐQ … Y

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:

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[Y 1986]

(y{ îŠ

Éz[WyZ(}Z7iðŠ¤ / I

Ñ yÇ * i Z xgZŠ B gŠ ½W & ! M X Vƒ ´6,öÅ·_KZP ÔÆ ] Zg 34»G Å} # ä ýGG ! mZ Åk QÔ ¸Hgzi »k Q6, > M ÅJ gpÔì ~Š NC Ù !* ò¤ /~g‚ cOŠ ZOŠ Z Vc* g Ï ¼ Åk Q ;e ;g !* ä ~Xì „gzÐ VÎ', ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 62 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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ƒ Á H>B $Ð kS pÔñY M g Z Œ Ûh + á ÂVzŠ wZ e Ì~Ä Zg ðƒ ?ÏñY +Wxg Z Œ h Û Z´ h + á xŠi áç Y G ± m {g ZÑ èE4h i ŠŠ/ ¤: Á>B $

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:,Š ÌÃVzuzŠ è »v M kS [ @* "ŠpVc* g Ït` M ë @* â Òg * 0 œwŠ i Z}u>åhI±ò â Òg Z ¯ / iz%Z Š1 >W l

[ë M » wD Z }g ø ~ Tì w‚ {z » õg @* ~gø V˜ Y 1857 Ìqƒ6,# Ö Z i~ w‚kS [ë M ZuzŠ q -Z V;z Ô Zƒ[z¾~R', tæî0%u {z :w–Æ~z0 +yѦXì ÷Za w‚ » (** Ññt X Zƒ » -Qt X ‰ ƒÁgÐ *Š ~ [f î0%u ÆY 1914gzZ ñƒ Za ~ t ~ËÆ kS gzZ Zƒ sg ¬ ª Zg ø Ð d $$! f~ Tì gzŠ Ã+Š: Zƒ^6,]!* kS {z¤ /q -ZÐ ~yS X ˆ# $~Vƒz¤ /zŠ # Ö Z  Zg{Z', „ ™ƒF, Ñ!* ÐV-ZgÅ' , » ZLZgzZ~ŠIzwßZÆ„‰LZm{ ÆkS xEÆ k QgzZ d $$! f:gzZì e'Ð < L zy M Œ Û Ì‡~ Vz(, Æ{z¤ /kS X ,Æ~ VzÃÅ+Š IZÐ UË{z Ôãæ £Z @Ô~ª» { á gâ Z Ô~È -Š dZ ŠúÔ „{ q£Z æg Ô~ Ââ ** ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 63 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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»VÍßyQ {z¤ /ZuzŠ X Vc* ú¹ x ** Æã ¢£ZY ngzZ ~â åZsÑZ »yQX ñ0* gZŒ Û xEÆk QgzZ d $$¸g £ »ë!* z hq -Š 4, ÆX å :å¹ä(Šp~}g !* ÆT åJ % +„zîu n Zg f uZ ~ # Ð ~c ï ]gß Å − Â

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kS X ñƒ ã !* Æ® ) ) ~Šq -Z ~ «£Æ VâzŠ yS ( ú ë ì ¸ ¹F, a }g ø t q -Z :¸ zŠ wßZ ~Š ã CÆ ® )) # gzZ å ; g F,Zy M Œ Z ÛZ # NY V~gzŠ k Q J -V ŒÔNY− ° 0 Å * ŠŠpt t }uzŠ gz Z X å¥ #Ð V â ¨ KZ Šp9 ~y M » Z} . ~gøÐ *Š b§TÔ g Ù M b§ÏQ ÌÐ h +] .ë ì ]gz¢ Ô„Z Û +−ZqÔ~ŠzŠñdÑZ1Z ÔŠ Zi M xæZ1Z Ô~z0 +yѦXì ð‚Ù H ó ó(y{ îŠ L LÐS ~X ' , » ZÆ® ) ) ÏS ƒ  t Ôk&Z ŒZ}Z ÅÇkS i Zz M Åy Q X ì g 0Ð y { îŠ ÏS F,{Š c* i Ìw D Z X Vƒ z, ë @* X ð0* gZŒ Û D¬ [Š Z ~² á Å y Q X ¶i Zz M +F, ]gß[p o8F õg @* KZë¬Ð kS ; g „zn ç »y QÐzz Å ö-F wŠÐ s¦ 6,k QÔñƒ§ ZÆ Ág w Z çT{ z X ¸`N Š V ; Æ à Z ç }Ô~ gÆgzZ ˾¸  ٠ŠÐQQÔ n J pg~y¾¾aÆä` ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 64 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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"All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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k Q ; Å Za —œ[ ˆzu" aÆy¨ KZ ; K [Õ" ë› Æ äF,Z ~ ò W, gzZ äѸŠc* W, ÐQ ;ì ~Š™ì‡6,', zd # Ö ÓÅ {zXì yZªy¨ KZŠp6,Vçx» à ©)KZ J -VŒ Xì c* Š ¯. Þ ‡ 4ƒÝ¬ ì @* Æk QgzZì ~Ĥ /Åk QJ -u0Z]ª] G é5šG3E ™kC X ‰ w$ +~|[ Zp

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gŒZ ›â » y¨ KZ VâzŠ Ôq -’t Å6U*> ¶ KgzZ k B t s ÜÆ \7 ðÃgzZ \7 ðÃL~ h+Š X åë!* òúŠ »\7 7µ~ kS X ë!* ~ wqC Ù òúŠtX ;g 7bq yxgŠÆ VzÈ Æ k QgzZ Z} .~gŠ 0* hq -Z—" ä V,QÔ c* Šg Z Œ Û ë!* ÐS ä VÍßXX åce ** 0* gZŒ Û q O~(,Ѓ  Åy¨ KZDXì »q -’Å6U* >¶ K nç¸X H]m Z » ÅgŠGÐQÔÏñYÅÌ[ aÆÄc* gŠgzZÄc* i !* Åk QXì ~q -’kS gzZ k B kS ì ¬$ +Åy¨ KZpX Ç ñY ¬ŠÐ { ó Ѓ  kS Å] Ñ»B‚ÆkS Ô H7ŠgÃ\7sÜä];Å¿Šg x Ó LZ gzZ t‘Å Z} .6,}i kS y¨ KZ ì c* Š ™Šg ÌÃ|~(, Xì {Š[ Z t ‚Æk QgzZ ,@* »¬Æk Q~] 5ç qçñkS X _g ¦ /Vc* œg eX ðƒ7Šg6,¯ Å?Š Ë|t }g7 ëˆÆä™·_ÐÉ Ü Š »k QÔì Š H–¼ ~[f6, ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 107 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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+ZÐS M hÈB‚Æt Nz Šg ä ]Ðî0E !_ .x Î" gzZ ƒñ0 Æy¨ KZ {z Ôì ¹¼ ä y!* igzZ –¼ ~ [ !* kS ä ¯Xì H lˆÅ|X ˆ¿g Zzgª ˜~gzŠÆwÑ+ ZzDXì xѯ ) !* a Vß Zz ä™-6,ÅDX Å ãZŠ¤ / zgÐ |ä Vß Zz g VZŠ¤ / u~ gzZ ñzg }i¤ /Z6,kS Xì˜Z Z (,Ð ƒ  »gzŠ kS t X c* Š™ŠgÃDä [Y 1987]

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Xce ** ƒ: ÀÃËÂ}™ ?â y1 W

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Æ õg @* 4z] .Åœs ÜÆtâuX g » ÅgzZ` @* $ „ +g o w2T~Z’ZÅ~œkS VZzg»tXì _0ì»]‡~yT $Ú ' Vâ {«™Æ èEÒ)G™ r ⊠»k QXìŠ Hƒ4zŠ g C»xŠ M V;zÔåàJ ™ðwi oÆ»gZ~Vâ{5Æ„  c* gŸ»k QgzZì Š Hc* Š™pô~ X ‰ 0r â Š z wŠÆÆŠ zà Cg ˆÆ\g- s§~uzŠX ì ; g

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Vƒ Z} .{Š { á Š !* gzZ Ô ¶CÑ~Š zÃ{ á Š !* zŠ Å] ŒŠÆ*ŠU â i ª k Qyúg 0* gzZì êŠ ÀÃyúg 0* tâu »Vzà6 X å@* ™„ C1 Å Å bzg$ +~ + M¨ KZò Vc* i ‚֙Ū zŠi ‚g Z X ì C™«™Å ' 6, VÂg qk1†Åugc* EgzZVzgZ-Š ™Å èEÒ)G™X ˆ™wÖb§ c* Š™y´Z » ãZxKZ ä kS V;z ìt sÜt Û X ìï»Â L M ÏS s¬´ÍÆD¤Z\7Xì ~gY¬»kS 6,y!* iÅVâ ZxÆVŒgzZ Æh +] .[fpÔì Ù M †Ì[ Z»ûÆk QXì ;g™x Zg M ~ :~D¬Š š ] Zg qÅV¶ Æ| (, }ÐV ¤ / 6,Ka Å!ø X ì ;g { Çg¦ /Å[ ckS J -á²sîq -Z tæ ÆV- g »{ nÅk QJ - kz& +Z™áÐ ¿Z%ÂñY¬Š™ƒ} 9 ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 109 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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Û zÝúLZpÔì [F, Z ã 0* X Vc* úg U*M » cgñX ì Š Hhgi Z X Çñ M ~Š zy˜ q -Z »]ªz]‡ ÂÇ}™ ¶g^y*ZŠ ÅkS ¯ kS pÔì c* W^ß yLZe $*tˆÆØZz„ !ÆV-œ& ìg^e ` â z ` c* Ãg Z- Š Å!ø Xì [ á À *q -ZÐ UÆ X } 9~SÆõg @* Qû%q -Z}ÈÆZ} .gzZÔ

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[Y 197 9]

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Þ] æ àm "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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yZZ ÔM h Y 7AŠ Ð V\ M ë›{z t pÆ Ø!* 7N Š ë à ~0 + z Z} .] Z f X á y â 6,¯ Å bÑŠ [¡y ¨ KZ ¹Q s§ÅÅzmvZ -Ñ ;ì ðƒ’Ð V\ M ~g ø ÌZ # Ö ª ;M h ÃVÂ!*  yS ëŠ z!* ƒ ÆkS pÔ¬Š 7ä ëD™kzÃ}Z sƒ ŠpgzZ~ t à M zÑZaÆ+ â Ãë›yS ìtzz ÅkS X … â ðÃg ïZ »X Š ñbÑŠ ~ ¸, Z ÔH7ä9ÆvZ ~x¯k Q X Y™7=# r™

@Š q{zX … âAŠ0Ô … â 7ŒdÎ" ¹S ëçO  „ Ÿ» »Ú ŠÐQÔì $ ƒ Ë Y ªÐ)g fÆ=pÔ$ Ë Y7 q ÅÄc* gŠ äb‚~äâ ikS µ XXì [" ~(, Ð … â b§ÏS Š z!* Æ kS pÔ M h á 7~ Ĥ /Å kZj LZ ë ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 113 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

³³³³³³³³³³³³ øZŠz+Š ³³³³³³³³³³³³

PzŠ b§TÔ D™g Z Œ Û Z » ]!* kS nÆ y M Añ m Xì ðƒ#s§C Ù \ðŠ ÅkS gzZì ;g®`gÎ Xì ¸ ÌŠ ã CÅyZZ}g ø6,yQÔ K 7 ë› ä y M Œ Û Å=¹QäëX 7Zgzâ Ð=pÔ Zgzâ ÐkZj—" Ô{z Ø!* yZZ6,yQ ëçO X ð0* 7¶½ Cg ~ yQgzZì ÑÂ~ yZö

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… â 6,¯ÅbÑŠ ¬Æ]¡z=¹Që tpÆkS X n pg XÐ3â „ˆÆÚ ŠÐV\ M D™7g ZÜZ6, ] !* kS X [Y 1987]

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|Å ug Zæ Q X ¶ðƒ Ð *z c 0Ð ë›Yg { Z’Z Ð k Q ˆªt # Ö ´ Åk Q  Š Hc* Šg Z Œ Û ÝZø$ +gzZ µcqçñ Y™s %ZÐ qC Ù {z ìtnç » y¨ KZ1Ô @* ƒ 7s %ZÃË t wq]gß[ ZX ‰ ƒ qzÑ ** ƒ Za ] 2z yögzZ Zƒ ¸çO Xì zg °Zx ÓXì ÝZ „zgzZì kCsÜx¥ ìg ZÜZ » & Ûq -Z ì

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r â ŠX BЊæÅkZjLZë& Dƒ Za Ð qk Q]Ñì 6,k Qq ðì Ð uZgŠ Z}g ø Xì {Š ‚ bß ªÔ( tabula rasa) Ëë ZÎÆ gæ ÑgzZ Ñ] ZŠg ZzD ì Ht ZuzŠ X Cƒ 7œ q ðà ZÎÆkCW,Z ì òúŠ »}ŠX n pg 7¢ »Š zÆŠ ñ Ô Š OZ. Þ ‡** VâzŠ Ô„gzZf ì 3g™y´Z ä¸a gzZì 7D X CY7„ ð0* Ð}uqðÃÅx ** DgzZ¢~*ŠakS ZuzŠ ;ì c* Š™g ïZ »Š çgzZ[ZÔbzgÔ=ä& Û ¬?ì H³»kS ]m Z »q ËZÎÆ¡DgzZì ” G»VâzŠ ZŠ;} â 7ÃkCÝ ¬ kS qËÐ~yS {zÔì ~Š™ÔÅ¢gzZDt :ÑZZä¸a;@* ™7 å ¹t Z # ä(Descartes)]g kŠXì 7g »aÆ+ â Ìà z DQû%q -Zˆ Æ Vî#z o Zc ÂÔó óVƒ~a kS ÔVƒ øÎ~L L EG ¸~e $h +] .ˆ â gzŠX *¶Å ÒÃÅ% ïÐ ùÏS à ýiÒ¨$ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 115 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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ÌÂðÃ~¿X 7Ì}{zÔ~VÓ: ~p ÖZ: pçO ~ –à pJ - p ÖZ c*  }uzŠ {z Z® Ô@* ƒ 73» p b§ ~g7 D™³cg CZ p}g –Æp ÖZZb§ÏS Xì ꊙ (defer) çOX Dƒ7îgzZ¬L{zÔì Lg m$ +' , Z' ,¹Qt ( »]g „Ô ÆðÉgÅÞZkzX** ‰ƒ7îÌ{zÔ p"ÌgZŠZhZzÐyQ kS akS Ômƒ7ÁêÌÒÃtÅ]g kŠX 'Cogito ergo sum' * ($ XŠ Hc* ¯ 7wÑ+Z} ¯ Ãk‚ ZgzZÝZ Å] G é5;XG +g0 +ZÆ㨠KZ]¡Ì~ 4ŒÅZˆâ ÅŠ z¬ Ð ƒ w CG é5šG3E  (Jaques Derrida) Zh +gŠ uZ jçO

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"All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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{zÔì C7,6,qT¬Ðƒ  {ó 7µ~kS Xì D¸ |gŠ Cƒ7zÂÐQXì @* ™ qzÑ[KZy¨ KZ™yâ ÝZÃÏS Z®Ôì ¸$ + ($ Zƒ |; gzZ @* àJ -] G é5;XG +ÐQ ì D~¡ » k Q ~ |t ðÃÐ ~ yS ÔwÑ+ Z ÔÃÔ> Ø Z$ +Â@* ƒ: Dt Xì * @Yá J -] c* à sÜ{z Ôì C M q Ð `g { a kS Ô ¶$ Ë ƒ 7k , +Š z Ìq 5 @* ƒŠ ñÐ ¬ g0 +ZÆ Ñ{z Ô @* M 7Ð `g {¬»yQX ] ¬çñ @* ì ꊙsp~] ¬çñ6 Ã] ¬çñ;g !* gzZ @* άt „zXì DZuzŠgzZ¿ªÐ~Tìg¼»ÏS uZgŠ ZztzfX ñά*6,yQ Æ™m, /~]!* ¤ .]”{z ìt˜Z »y¨ _ KZpÔì @* ƒt ›Z³»ÒÃ

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"All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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tb§Ï QÃVhÆ DkS ì g6{z Ôì 7q ~g (Z ðÊ fZ G58E y¨ KZ Ð}\ M Xì @* ™t2 »ÆV ð3ÒE KZ {z b§TÔ}™ Ð y!* i ìt [ Z » kS ?Y™7VY » kS Âì Y™g ïZ »qC Ù z¡ IZÆ k Q Ô¿» k Q ‰ Ü z Ï Q ÐÔì @* ™‰ Ü z T1Ôì Y™ G 6,¿~Z ÐC Ù çO X ï Š™d $†Åk Q wZjZÆ k QgzZ bg Z ÐS 6,¯ ÏS ä „ Z Û + −Zqx â ZXì ]' ,kôÜt ì @* Yƒ ãZz 3;X&q x AZ ûE -Z~ã ¨ KZÑ ì c* â Û„  gŠÇ!* gzZ H¨Ð ~g ZCZD }~¡ë&ì @* M~Š z{], ZŠ {z»DÐ kS Xce I/ œ%ÐS Ôì ~ ~ÃgzZ ¸$ +¡„ÅDçO Xì ~ÃgzZ ¸$ +ˆ Æ kS XÐ Xì |¸èYÔceãƒ~~ÃgzZ¸$ +Ô~¡Ô~g_ .É Ô7 À& Š~ÝzgkS : õ/GŸG Ð „Š z LZ {z Xì ]¡Å] ‡‘g Z Œ Û Z » Û{ ì @* Cy M Œ Û ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 118 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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[g}g øgz¢\ M ÔV; å c* Š [ Z „ q -Z ä ƒ  ÂVƒ 7[g t Xì ꊙg ïZ ]‡zZ ‰y¨ KZ~ ~EŠ ]§ … Y ë1X ~DÒ],ZŠ LZ ‰ Ü z Ï QÐÔì @* ™g ïZ‰ Ü z T Z®Xì ]', k¡ W, ZC Ù ÔsßñaÆÚC Ù Ôh +%aÆ} Š Zg ZC Ù Ô¶ÃaÆwgZC Ù Xì @* ƒ VZŠ¤ / u~ lˆÅò** œzlq -ZaÆ ÄC Ù gzZ W, ñaÆ gïZÆk Q ì d $†Å¿tXì “  *uÅ ãZŠ¤ / uÏS Dx Ó»k Q Xì ãZz~ZgŠ ~y M Ç!* |Å

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.X Cƒ7s ÜÆy M Œ Û Å ¬æÆk Q {zXì ,@* »ÞZ[ Â9» Z} BVÅkS ~[ KZxâZX @* ™7wpzpL~ k QÔì @* ™ mvZ -vZ wÎg 0Ð x ©ZÆy M Œ Û D™Gg!* g!* gzZ ïŠ t Â Ç ñY ** â 7ÐQXì yÒ sÜgzZ yÒ {z Ôì c* â Û ¼ ä Åz Le „z1»k Q akS Ô Çƒs Z ZЬÆk QÔ7~zcÅy M Œ Û Xì 7ZÐk Q A»k QÔì ;gƒãZzÐ zƒÅ9 ì

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yĂ’Âź ~VĂŹZzg0Ă?x Š Zƈy M ÛŒ Ă?ĂąYĆ’ĂŁZz| KZ ä Ă…zmvZ -vZ wĂŽg & ĂŹ Âť p Ă–Z Æ k Q {z ÔÏ ZĆ’ ~Ă­!* ÆÂĂ? kS ĂƒV9¨ ¤Æy M Ĺ’ Ă› XĂŹ c* Š™C Ă™ ÂŞĂ?] %= Æy M Ĺ’ Ă› Ă? kS c* œŠâ„˘Ĺ gĂ?S Ă”ce ã™Ă?qĹĄ M F, Ă…KĂƒk Q™F, Z Xceã™7]g Ă…wĂ‘+ Z6,ÂŹ

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Xì YYH7ÐwÅy M Œ Û ~g7 p ÖZÆ y M ÛŒ t pÆ kS Xì G îÈÑ−Z ¬y M Œ Û Ô 3U* B‚Æ DÐQ Âá ™wJðÉg ÅyQ y¨ KZ n pg ¢ A& gzZDºsÜt X ‰ ñÑ{zaÆT,Š àJ - ¬æ k QÇ Xì * @Y {g܇РKÐQ ] ‡zZ ‰y¨ KZ6,¯ ÅTì ', +º D ¬æ CZ {zXì 7mðà »kS Ð yÒ2‚ ZÆk QgzZ y!* i Åy M Œ Û X Lg7܇LÐä™yÒ I gzZ ì g Zæ » e $Z@ Å k Q 6,X œt M ƒ  {z Å y M Œ Û Ô éS5ÅU* G §$E G . 3 ÚËÐ ~V ð gzZVzÅ]y M ~X t M {zsÜ]·? §$E G.G c* gzZ wdZz ] ÌÆ\¬vZ c* ì Zƒ~ i Z0 +ZÆUgzZšyÒ » ï ~ [|Z u] !* ðÃÅÝ ¬ ËÆ k Q Zgzâ Ð }@xgzZ D}g ø Xì x ·Z ðÃ~ x|Æ yS :gzZ ³): t Mt Xì ˆÅyÒ BÆŠŠ F, Ë%ëpÆyS gzZ p ÖZÆ„ ! ²Ìp ÖZÆyS ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 146 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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gzZ + Y kS pÔM h yY 7~ *Š kS ë%Z Ô |Å yS X Ì9gŠÆkS ëakS Ôì 7mðÃèaÐ ûÆy M Œ Û »+ Y: X Dƒ7 {z6,TÌ9{z » Z} . J -VŒÔ£c* ëkz ðÃC Ù !* Ðy M Œ Û Ô oZg Æ qC Ù ~ +Š X Y™7pz çF,ðÃ~ ¬ËÆ k Q Ôì Zƒ wi **

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Xì 7÷RðÃaÆq Z 4, ÆkS Xì Š Hc* Š™yÒ ~< L zy M Œ Û ì „z sÜ+ Š t xÎ ÅzmvZ -vZ wÎgXì Y Y c* Šg Z Œ Û +ŠÐQ: Ôì +Š q ðÃ{z´ yQÔì * @Y¹ ó óg $uL Lxk!* qŠ q Mg ¶ ZÆd $¦zk , ½gzZ÷zw¸Æ C M ~yQ,q 0Ð +ŠX @* ƒ7†ŸZ »¿z{oË~+ ŠÐ

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L zg < $u Šy M Œ Û Ã *Š ä ÅzmvZ -Ñ ä \ M ,q {z´ÆkS Xì c*

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6,yS gzZ + â ¹S y›C Ù Ð wÅ+ŠX +Š ,q VÐt t~}g !* ÆÚÅyS Ð ÅzmvZ -ÑXìÈ0* »ä™¿ k Q X Y™7]g Å s Z ZÐ yS yZZ # r™ ðÈ Æ äYƒ Ë% Âì Le ** %gzZ Ð wÅy›¤ /Z {z ì ¸ âiaÆ X}Š™ntut ‚ÆyS ÆŠŠ F, ~ X D™wEZ ó ó< L L L „ q -Z aÆ VÐyS f}g ø Æ ~uzŠ Ôó ó< L L La Æ q «q -Š 4,}÷X &7VziñÐS ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 149 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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ã™ wEZ b ˜Z Å óõ ó ÒÎZ L La Æ ~ŠgzZ ó ó z ƒL La „q -ZgzZ ÆyZÄ„q -ZÃq Û gzZÝZ ìt Š°Ð kS Xce X ñYc* Š™gzŠÐQÔì @* ƒZaƒi жŠÄg~ZgŠ ÂñY ¬Š Ð p ÒÆ |:gz Ôì s %Z » ]q ˜Z ¡t /Z +Š** ¤ }÷Xì 7t Û ðÃñu~ %ñÆ x î0*J'ZgzZ }÷

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5Ë~+Š c* bŠ¬*ðÙ? Ø Ð Vzq Ñq -Š4, }÷** ™†ŸZ»]!* Xì7„ïá ~g» Ò], ZŠÆˆy M Œ Û c* ÅzmvZä ~aÆ # sŸz Å yS ? H *ZçÆ ”Å < L Ô 3U* -ZÐ yZÄÆ ó ó< q L' , +~Š IL L~ ó ó~Š Iz wßZ L ) D L lÆ ó óyZöL L L ÆqËD# < r™C Ù 6,Š ã CÅyS X wßZ]‚tXì –[ !* Zg7

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‰X 7ÌZƒÈ L ìt |gzZ Yƒ7È L{ i ZzgŠ »kS Xì [ ƒÈ ˆÆ~ó ~œ¶a t Š z!* Æg ZÜZ kS Ð s§ÅVÍß V2 ìg DƒZaå +C Ù âÆy.zxEZgzZ Ôf, ZÔì Ãy¨ KZ ä\¬vZX ìg™Ì‰ Ü zkS gzZì HŠ ¿Z~äâ iC Ùä » ] 5ç LZ ì ˆ~Š a ÏS Ãy¨ KZ Út Xì Zi ZâÐ =z D

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ðÃÅnZ ‹Z~ kS Âì ꊙ7iwëðûZËÌ›)ðà X ÇñY1™wJ™™óàÚ©ÛÖ] èÖ^•Ð L S Ôσ7q Æe $àgzZ °zÄÔuÔ„  (~¢qgzŠ ì |tçO xk!* y›gzZ KäVÇ)]ZŠ¿Z F, {Š c* i0аZ ¸z wßZ yQgzZg ZŠZ ~g/Ôe $g/wVãZzq -Z ÅkS X ñƒKt¹Q c* Š äy M Œ Û wßZ »e $g/X *ZçÆVzg ZŠ ZáZzäƒ ì‡ Æ Xì c* ¯ ä VÇ)x Ât Xn ¯ 7x ÂðÃaÆkS y›1Ô å Ãx ÂkS t sÜ: È) IèF, gzZ z f ³NŠŠ z!* ÆkS ZŠ Zg ZŠ™ » wzZC Ù å ~4z] .Å ’ gzZ rz Û Æ kS É Ô C™t ¸tzg 9~ yQÔ lñ{~ ]5çX< L zy M Œ Û X „g C™ Xcexgì‡6, ÏS gzZì [Y 2011]

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Ă? VzŸ aÔùY HGĂ? VzKšQ ĂŹ C™ Ÿwq]gĂ&#x;t ÔùY Ă°Ă‘Ĺ zĂ‚g !* g!* Ă? )g fÆ ] Zg Âś ZgzZ yn, ÚÔ-i +g ÔùY Zg ĂĽ woz wâ Âť k QgzZ Ă?0 + i Ă… *Ĺ ĂąY c* Ĺ kgĹ ~ Vzg ZĹ ZÆ ĹĄ M F, z½ ž?t} OÆä0* z~„å Ĺ !* Ă… Z} .# Ă– ÂŞizgXĂŹgzžq Oq -Z ĂŹg½}g Ăł Z~ Ăš LZ c* Ă?~ p Ă–ZÆ yWĹ’ Ă› XĆ’ĂŹg™[ NZ Âťq KZgzZâ€?Ă? k QXĂŹ 7qà ŠðĂƒ c izĹ Ă…ĂĽ ĂąY c* CšQXĆ’ ävZ z™„._Æyâ ‥k QÇB‚Æ~g ZĹ $c* Ĺ ~g7 _Zá ä¿Ă‹ ĂŹ c* â Ă› äĂ…zmvZ -vZwĂŽgXĂŹ c* Š™gH~[!* kS ήk Q™ ÂŻ tĂŽĂƒk Q~ # Ă– ÂŞ Ă‚HĂŻ ^ ,Y** ĂŒ6,}i', Z',ÂŞ!* X ÇùYc* Ĺ wZ e~ *

X 4133ÂśgÔ›X 3198ÂśgĂ” ~g g * ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 229 l^Ăš^Ă?Ăš ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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ó óyZöL L[ KZ ä ë]¬ÅkS ?ì Hyâ ‡t » V $Zgz„ ]gßÅ]ïP8Ü »k QaÆã;ŠŠ c* ¡VŒX ~Š™yÒ~ X ï ŠKyÒ~ ZŠ Z {zÐ ~ÆF, Æk Q¬Ð ƒ  ƒ nŒ Û )fÆá Zz ä%X 1 ˆÆkS X ÏñY Å ~g7 {z ƒ Åä k Q¤ /Z¤z ðÃQX ÇñY H

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X σ„V $Zgz

ðÃÅk Q c* ]ÑqÆk Q t ÆäOZÔ$ Ë ƒ7¤z~ hÆ_g ZzX 2 X}™ Ÿ»»kS ~wq]gßm{Ë]gz¢c* Ö } # . Š ÑzZ Åè_g Zz ÅÆF, ˆÆ¶Šz »C Ù Øc* ~çgzZ + −ZzX 3 +ZiÐ zŠ c* Z zŠ ~ Š ÑzZ Å k QgzZƒ Zhg: »±ðÃä áZz ä%Xì ƒ ű„q -ZX ÇñY c* Š ðäzŠ »ÆF, ñƒa ¹Q ÂVƒ „ VH± Zg‚t ÂVƒ „ƱsÜ~Š ÑzZ ÅèX σg ZŠ hÅÛÆ k Q {z »Æ±q -Z ÂVƒVâzŠ ÔVH±Æ±~Š ÑzZX ÇñY c* Š™„~ yQwâ ñY H„~-Qwâ Zg ‚Ì~]gßkS gzZ ǃ' , Z', ÆVY±zŠz XÇ X x £ ì‡Æ Š ÑzZ Ç ð¸ Æ è~ ÏŠ ñ) ÅŠ ÑzZ X 4 ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 230 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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¸ _gZzÆèˆÆ¶Šz »yQ ÂVƒŠ ñC Ù Ø c* ~çgzZ +−Zz ì „zi§»V $Zgz„~yQgzZ{ÆyQaÆ_** ZzgÃfXÐVƒ Xì ZƒyÒ6, zZaÆŠ ÑzZ Ãq -ZC Ù Ð~+−ZzÂVƒÇð¸gzZƒ:Š ÑzZ c* ƒŠ ÑzZÆèX 5 Æ è „ +−Zz ËgzZ Vƒ: ÌÇ ð¸ X Ç ñY c* Šz Ù »ÆF,

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Xì h»\!* ðäzŠgzZVâ ðäq -Z »ÆF, ÂVƒ_gZz AzVZ^W»ÆF, Ã~çÅk Q ƒŠ ÑzZÅk QgzZƒŠ%ÑZzä%X 6 k QgzZƒ]gúèX σg ZŠ hÅÆF, ðåaq -Z {zƒ:Š ÑzZÆk QX Ç ðåaÃC ٠؃Š ÑzZÆk Q¤ /ZgzZì »C Ù ØÆk Q F, Û Âƒ:Š ÑzZ Å X ÇA F,

_g Zz»ÆF, ÃË Âì e¤ /Z ÑZzä%~ÏŠ ñx°ÅVNg ZzyS X7 Çc* ð¸q -Z »k QgzZƒg ZŠ¸g¤ /Z {zÔƒŠ Hc* ¯_gZzÿTXì Y¯ ¹!* ˆÆ¶Š¹Q ðäq -Z ÂVƒÇð¸{Š c* iÐ q -ZgzZz٠ƒ X ÇA ÐQ ðäzŠ c* 5 /6 [Y 2010]

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X »whe $zg c* â Û gH ¶ »¶ZzfaÆ egzZ ypgaÆ Vzizg ä \¬vZ

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ÅyS ì ;gck , iЄ Z’ZwZÎtakS Ô ¹~‡VâzŠtXì Ð k QÔì Å~ äâ ikS ¹F, ä ] ƒD?ñY Å b§¾” ƒ7Æ{Š c* iÐ yŠ M¹ ~‡ ¸ %Zz ÂÐ ]!* kS vß̬ # äy M Œ Z Û X D Yƒ ÌÆyŠ ûZt å @* C {@xx ¬1ÔM h v߼Р~ yQ Zƒ60 +Z Âc* Š ¬»pg} izgƹ}g7 ÃVÍß mvZ -ÑçOXÐ, ™g ZÜZ6,ä™}g7 yŠ M~zŬkS ÃgzZce ¢ 8™ qzÑ ¶ » ypg ÂñY M Ã0 +e c* â Û Gä Åz 7~gz¢ ** ™}g7 yŠ MaÆ kS Xce bŠ ™ »Ãk Q ÂñY M mvZ -ÑXÐNYK}g7 ˜iÑyŠ Mƒ: s ™iÔV; Xì T ~Š }Š ]gß{zÐ ] Ã¥LZ ä V-zZg&ì Š á g Z ¸ » Åz c* Š™È0* »Ú Š0 +eÃVÍßaƔŹä\ M Š Hƒx ¬W, @* tÐ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 232 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

³³³³³³³³³³³³ øZŠz+Š ³³³³³³³³³³³³

ÅzmvZ -vZ wÎg~ j§q -ZÆe $Zzg ì ¬lp~g ø Xì :ì c* â Û Šá g ZXì ˆƒÜÌ~]gßÝZ KZe $Z@tÅ Ôì @* ƒ Ì» yŠ ûZ ¶L L gzZ Åg {izg ÂßNŠ 0 +e a kS s ™i¤ /ZQX z™g -Z ÂßNŠ

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ó Xó ß™}g7yŠ ƒ:

]ƒ¬Ê (áæ†9Âæ ÄŠi †ã9Ö] ]ƒ6æ ( ]çÚç’Ê Ù¡ãÖ] Üjmœ… Ü Æ á ¬ Ê ( ] æ † _ Ê ªÊ å ç Û j m œ … óäÖ ]æ…‚Î^Ê ÜÓn×Â

( 1080¶gÔ›)

-ZÆ e q $Zzg ÅÅvZ èg {k , Ù 1Z X ì e C $Zzg Å/0vZ†** ¦t +eaƔŹ ì ãZzÐ kS X p ÖZ¸‚Ì~ & § 0 c* ZÆxi ÑÃh e ™ qzÑ ¶ˆÆh eNŠ0 +eÉ Ô Š HH7xi ÑÃÚ Š $Z@ Åpg} izgƹ}g7äy M ÛŒ Æ™wìtvß @* e ìŠ H VŒ„ Z’Z Å] !* ç OX , ™:g ZÜZ6,ä™} g7 yŠ MÔì ðâ Û X ( ì @* ƒÌ»yŠ ûZ ¶)óáæ†9Âæ ÄŠi †ã9Ö] L ìCƒÐ ¹!* ]gz¢tÂNYƒ}g7yŠMXì 6,¯ÏS ]gz¢ÅÚ Š0 +e : c* ñ M Ã0 +eXì ¬Ç!* DZg ø ~A çkS a kS ÔSg 7 ¹F, ÅDXì [ ƒ qzÑ ¶† ZgzZ Zƒ »¶ê … Y ëÔ ñ M ÆD~g7ë[ ZXì ~Š™ Za Ì~}g !* ÆûZ]g߸ ä ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 233 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

³³³³³³³³³³³³ øZŠz+Š ³³³³³³³³³³³³

 ÷Za Å0 +eaÆ*Š M h CB‚ œ / %Ã)(lakS X σ“ Ï Qg ZqIèx ÓgzZ ñY c* Š ¯ gr~‡Ð p ÒÆ÷Za Å0 +e¤ /Z™ ¯ ”Ź A » +Š Xì 7ú â q ðÃ~ kS ÂNY ño._Æ Ë¤ /Z [ Z gzZ Hg (Z ÐQ ä k Q ¶$ Ë ƒÐ Ú Š0 +e ¤ /Z {z Xì Š XZ ~{Xì 7nZ ‹Z ðÃÐQ Ì6,kS Âì $ Ë ƒÐ)g f}uzŠ

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Ú Š [z¾z qƒ» `gÎ b§TaÆVzi úKZ ëˆÆ äYƒ ÌÈ0* Æwhe $zgaÆ”ÅV¸~‡b§ÏS Ôìg7È0* Æ Xì Zƒ Za Ð ] Ã¥Æ V-zZg ~ g $uq -Z ¡Xt Xìg 7 Ñ ì CYƒ ãZz ï@*ÌŠ !* |t Ð Ú ŠÃVh§x ÓÆ e $Zzg X åZuzŠÇ!* A»ÅzmvZ-

[Y 2008]

~g »0 + kÅ ¡ IZ aÆ + M¨ KZ gzZ ñ3Š Ø™ ä b‚~ V-œzŠ ë ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 234 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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Ð)g fÆ~`  u ìtqà©)q -ZÐ~yQÔ Å Za —œ h YK spÐ ¡ M IZ „  gHÆ ¿}uzŠ Ë ¡ IZ ³** Æy¨ KZ Zƒ Za wZÎt6,kS X ̈Æ]ñgzZì Yƒ Ì~Ï0 + inçt X SÃË)ðà CZ~Ï0 + i¿ðà ì ^ ,YtHÐzgÅ<Ñz+ Š ?ì YYc* ŠÃ¿}uzŠ)tˆÆä% }™¤zc* }Š™

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Ù „ ~g C $uzyWÛŒ akS Ôce ** ƒ~] mZ[ Z »wZÎkS gZŒ Û^ ,Y** ÐS xk!* fÆR' ,1Ôƒ ú â ~ kS ì 7+Zq ðà : CY½'!* zŠ~A çkS X ï Š

ä% (7ht Ãk Q Z®Ôì 7´ â »ŸLZ y¨ KZ t q -Z Æk QJ -‰ Ü zÏ QŸ»òŠ WX}™¤zŶŠÃË¡ IZ LZ¬Ð ˆÆäY òÐ k QÔì Lg~Ÿk QŠp{zJ -Z # Ôì ~ s¥ gzZ}™¤z ~}g !* Æ k Q {z Lg 7¹!* hðÃ6,ŸkS » k Q ™Å X ñY~Šg Z Œ Û ÿ) ZÇ** ¤ztÅk Q ðÃÐQ y¨ KZ {0 + iXce 6g ì‡# Ö wÅ lÑ ã¨ KZ t ~uzŠ B‚Æx Z Z}g7Ÿ»áZzä% ì n Û »yQX M hà7yv *ŠgzZì äw" Åk Q ¢ 8^»)ðûk Q c* ** h M** oÃlÑX ,Š™®Š X Y}Š7]i YZÅkS x ¹ÜZ ðû ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 235 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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X Ãû'!* VâzŠtq -Š 4, }g ø ÌtB‚Æ kS 1Ôì \¬vZ ´ â Ç»qÙC 7µ~ kS ~yQ {zg0 +ZÆÞZŠzuÔ ~ŠÃy¨ KZ,q ä\¬vZ ì | gzZíz LZgzZ wÈz IZ Ôz' , WÔ]³çOXì ‚ rg h»s¥Æb§C Ù ñƒ… YtgzZÔì êŠ twâ CZÔì ꊙy!* Û yYKZ {zaÆ+Š Œ

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~k B Ã\ WLZaÆœ£ -S ÔÇVzŠ Å)ðà CZ c* ÇVî Y Zg â Æ ä™0ZÃ}ç} (,Ð } (,Ôì @* 7,ŠÃ~ v WÔì êŠ 7 -Ñ t Î ZgzZŠ ˜Æ w â gzZÑÃ] Ã¥y S äˆy WŒ Û X ì @* Yƒg »a t KZ ì ~Š (F, ((ÃVß Zz + â LZgzZì H¨ÐvZ−° s¥hkS yWÛŒ ì ãZzÐkS X ,™ ay  aÆœ£yS {z,q Xì @* ™tÃ

pg htb§TëçOXì)i Ñ»s¥hÏS ¤zh»y¨ n KZ Ìht b§ÏS Ô,™¤z ~ }g !* Æ wâ LZˆ Æ ä% CZX ,Š™¤z ~}g !* Æ @D + gzZ \z½ÅŸLZ n pg ,Y¤ ^ /Z,qƒ  «XìмÏS ̤zŶŠÃ¿Ë)ðà }g!* Æ¡ IZ  $ Ë ƒŠ z!* Æ äY òÐ ŸLZÆ òŠ WgzZ ?ì YYc* Šg Z Œ Û b§¾^ ,Y** äz~ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 236 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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Ð ] »øgzZ+ M m»kS Xce 9 Š b§ÏS ÌÃäw" ÅlÑ gzZ mŸaÆkS ~ yWŒ Û Xì x` ** àyvÃ)Æ ¿ËXì c* B; » k Q ËZ e q -ZÐ ]i YZ Å!%pÔ ‰ bŠ x ©ZÆe $Š 6,lÑ Å w>Q X êŠ 7g Z Œ Û xêÐQ Ì¿ðà Âì êŠ ^» Vî 0* ä™Gg *7 »k QaÆ)z ïgzZ ä™? »k Q c* äZhzŠ} h˜

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Â}™¤z ŶŠÃq]gz¢Ëwâ CZ òŠ W ?ñY H: VY t Û~ ¤z Å ¶Š Ãq]gz¢Ë)ðà CZ b§ÏS Ôì x » » nq -Zt ŒVY äw" Å lÑ ÃzÅ kS Xce I„ n ÌÐS Â}™ [Y 2010]

?ñY

g Zi ZwòZgzZ Sh Z e

X ¶ðƒ ¿g Sh Z e Ìä ÅzmvZ -ÑX ìg n pgŠ%Sh Z e Æg Ö ZƧ{mB‚Æ\ M¤ /Z¿ðÃÐ ~Vß Zz+ âÆ\ M ']Š X¯ ) !* Ð S Âì ‚ rg Sh Z e ~ tØÆ q nZ Å \ M c* a ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 237 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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7të ‚ rg7Sh Z e¤ /Z¿ðÃZ®Xì 7¬ðû+ŠtpÔce » ÷q Nc* x ZwËä k Q c* ì ug@*» Z # Zz z n Û Ë{z M hÈ Sh Z e {zÔì c* â Û ¼ ~A çkS ä ÅzmvZ -ÑXì H[ ‚g Z Åpg†ñgzZ Sh Z e ì ƘÅ] !* kSÉ Ôì 7e $Z@Åpg y¨ KZt Xì x` Z (,q -Z°Xƒ: Z- ce ã™7g (Z äz +Z ðÃ

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@* ƒVc* ú~qC Ù Ô „ {' ,z ÜgzZ k]Ô säz ÔWÔwJ e we Å c* _& + ñSh Z e vß ‰Xì Ì» VsñgzZ Sh Z enç ¸ Xì ÐS ä ÅzmvZ -Ñ X f e J (,¹ †ñpÔ n pg Kg :g (Z äz Å+- ì ðâ Ûe $Z@ ÃVÍßÆ b§kS gzZ H7I Kg~ wqC Ù †ñ1ÔB J (,Sh Z e  T e ** J (,¤ /Z {z X , ™ * qçñ » k Q Ôì BÃy¨ KZ e $Z@ Ð )g fÆ x?Z :m CZ X O g

ÅzmvZ -Ñ Xì t ÜZsgzZ lâzgpsÔì y$ +sÔ ] ZŠ „ Å\ M 0Ð Sh Z eXì c* â Û ÐÑÆt ÜZsÔì c* â Û ¼ ä b§kS gzZ Œ¬» äJ (,Sh Z eÐS ä VÍß1Ôå¸ û9»Ã X$ Ë ƒ70b§ËÐkS ~Š™4ZŠ~+ Šq+Zq -Z åi§x ¬»+-~‹Y[²Xì »g Zi Z˜ÐV'nç¸ X 602¶gÔ›X 5892¶gÔ~g g * ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 238 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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−J -nÐ #H» ~ôÔÐ (1M kS Ð V'g Zi Z Ô Çƒ Zƒ ëwòZÐS ~y!* i! ²Xì „gï6, }i SŠ M c* Í ÏƒngŠ yŠÆ # Ö ªvZ ì c* â Û gzZ HI ** JÃkS ä ÅzmvZ -ÑX X ƒ¸ñƒ ñ ³ÈMCZÐ gz¾ Ç} ™7I Ì9 Š ÿkQ *

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−nÐ V 'Ð Q ì $ Ë Y ½% Z Ô] !* t ~} g !* ÆÈ M CYƒ Za ¹ xÅÎâq -ZÐ äz kS Å+ - Âñ Y c* Š hg Zƒ Ë Y ½] !* $ t Xce ã™o ôZ ƒ Ì:°zz Åä \ da kS Ôì Ôì Cƒ ~ „È M ¹ xt ì |ÌtB‚Æ kS pÔì X ì 7mðûkS Ð yGgz Zó Y 0* Ôg ZÏ~g ø [Y 2008]

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$Š @* d Å]gú V”~ç{z ì CƒZ +¬~g ZŠ)ft6,Š%~Tì {@çq -Z b ï X 5455¶gÔ›X 5783¶gÔ~gg * ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 239 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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Û ]YZy ZÆ î @* ',» b§kS B‚Æ yQgzZ}™}g7 B‚Æ àŠ c Z F6,]z%z3gÔƒ ._Æ]¡z=ÔƒyF á yc* á ÆV¶Ñ }™ Ÿ»Ð]gúb§ÏS X VƒìgpÅ2 »Æs »Zzw°~k QgzZƒ ce * *™g (Ztzg » ~g ZŠ' , Vâ Û gzZkZñB‚ÆC Ù ØÐQ ì @* YH Xce㙫™Åkñ** z]³Åk QgzZVzi ZgÆC Ù ØgzZ

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ì C™ Ÿ» ÌÎât Å} @ç b§Å ]Z@ç}uzŠ x Ó ÆØ @Âz` igzZ SÔÒgzZ}™~igz s ÜÅkS ðä /ZÐ ~ ¢ Û Ìª Z°d $Š @* tX ñYÅd $Š @* Åk Q ƒ:g »aÆb & ZKZŠ z!* ÃC Ù Øht äyWŒ Û X M h™Ìvg ) , gzZ} (, ÆyZ0 +{gzZì $ Ë ™ F, Z6,ÉuÆ™ ½ÃèZ ¸Åk Q¤ /Z ]gú ì c* â Û çO Xì c* ŠÌ :ì Y™g (Z'gß&{zaÆäXy CZ ÂñW

ì » ó ÀÂûæøLaÆkS ~ y WŒ Û X ñ Y ÅÃÃ]gú t « Xì $ Ë ƒÌØ @Âz` iJuË~kS tpÆT G ƒ{ i Z0 +ZÐQ @* ñYc* Š™uF, 5Ü»n: é¨EÒ¹$"Ðk Q t~uzŠ X M hƒà ©)ò}ÆkS ÂÑ$ +:tzgCZäk Q X ñY~Š Zw ãKÐQ t~Š B‚Æ ~pÅyÕ ì @* ƒ Za wZÎt ~}g !* Æq ~y WkS ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 240 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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Ù ØH„  c* g Å ZwgzZ Vƒ: W, ñ¤ /ZÛZ D +VâzŠ « ì $ Ë ™È0* ÃVzC ,Š™Š4ƪ Z°nçÉ ÔÐ ,™7x ZŠZ ðÊp{z ÂñY W" $â ?Ð Æ¿6,e $Z@Å\¬vZ akS Ôì $ Ë ™ G ìt [ Z Zg ø b & ZÅ]gúX @* ƒ7جðÃÐkS Ôì ~pÅg » & §¡ta

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c_ (Z ðÃÃVß Zz yÆ k QgzZ ]gúÂñY 1™g (Z¤ /Zi§t X ñY0¯ ) !* »Ï' ×$ +Ë6, µñÆb ï Ç} 7, ** ™7 e :Zzc_t Ã]gú{z~ TÏñY ïúÅyŠ} âÃC h ÙØ Xì Y™{Š â WaÆ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 243 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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Ù Øt : g ì‡(KZ Ôrz ¬x Ó{za kS Ô ÏƒÐ s§ÅC X pÅ~yâ ‡Æ\¬vZ Ð [Y 2008]

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c* Š™ 0* ',[ zZ0Z]ª~ùZg fÆ^s Ü' , ÆkS ä¢q§zŠ Æ«™~ VqgzZ i ˜ ÔsgXì @* ƒ~ V [ R[ Z^ »V¸Xì Xì [ƒspÇ!* ÌÄ»{)zV-ZugzZV™ƒX ] â OZ à©) ~−J -Vî Ç}uzŠÐVî Çq -Z ËÃec* ÇKZ¬w‚ÎÐ ` M kCŠŠ F, ðû b§kS Ì~^Æk%ZgzZ\g- [ZpÔå@* ƒŠŠ F, Ì VÂgú‚ÙKZ'gúgzZì [ƒpô~ZgŠ ~y M Ì^» eX @* ƒ7 ZŠ Z‹oÆ{/zegzZ $ Ë Y kli sB‚ÆyEZe $.~öÅ Ð Vz^Æ¢qgzŠ ì ì C™ Ÿ» ~pt Å]ÑqX $ Ë ™ KZ ƒ:(ðÃÅ}ç ñY ~Š ]i YZÃVÂgúgzZ ñY Œ: 0 Ô,™^Ô e b§T~ ö ÅVÂgúc* Ë{zÐ p ÒÆ VÂgz¢ 3Ð VzygzZìgpô~ wqC ä Ù ] ³ÅyQ Og pÅ]!* âZ ë @* kS  à Zz + â ÃwÎgÆk QgzZvZ¤ /Z { zXƒ: êðÃÐ yQ‰ Ü z ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 252 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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/yŠ 1206,Üg Z`Z Xì 7^ ,Y ~ wq Ëo bZ » k Q ÂNYg ¦ ~g7 Ð zg ňyWŒ Û ì O»y¨ KZ|gŠ O»<ˆÆ]æ kS ˆÅyÒ3~$ +Z~ yWŒ Û ZwÅkS Xì sŠ ZáƶŠ™OÃ+ M¨ KZ Ô$ Ë ƒ7t :ÑZ ZÌs # !* Zt1Xì b I%ZÔo bZ¬Ð kS Xì o bZ ~ òsZ}Xce ** ƒ ˜iÑ : L ÇgzZg±wëðÃaÆ kS ]æ ÏS ,ã ¨ KZÃa ì ˆÅgHakS ]æt ÅyŠ 120aÆ Ï0 + i Åk QXì @* ƒŠ zãZ³q -Z {z¬ÐkS Xì CY ~Š6,8{Æ ÃŠ›0*  ¨‡ãZ³ »k Q~]ækS ÅyŠ 120Xì CƒÏ0 + i ãZ³Ì &ì q {z ¸ X D â Û «,㨠KZÐQ \¬vZ Âì @* YV Šá g Z Xì Š HH¨Ð ¶Š™sp~ t‘~uzŠ q -ZÃ<~ yWŒ Û :ì c* â Û ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 253 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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èa~( D 7,^ Is§Åk Q  D0* qÅöc* ]gˆðÃZ # G E 2B+óæûø]Lsw .G yQªÔìaÆ„} OÆóàm…çÒ„ÛÖ] ‚uœ l^f$6Lc* çG kS gzZ Ô s§ÅÚÓö¼gzZ Dƒzás§Å]gˆ¼Ð ~ gzZ™èq -ZakS Ô Dƒ~„¬Æ¦msÂgzZsÂÌ~ ;~ó ^ãønûÖøô]LÔì ZƒµZzd $Œ Û Æ;p ¤ /Z™èªóçãûøÖÐ L ~/ $ñq -Z

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gzZ ó é…ø^røiôLÌU%»kS~}Zg~gøgzZì ðƒwEZ„/ $ñuZzgzê X „VâzŠÔóçãûøÖL

[Y 1982]

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™f »\ M(C Ù ~ˆy M Œ Û X Ì·gzZì Ì£Zx ** »ÅzmvZ -Ñ Æ \ M ]g t K Å []|~ ` ÒgÎpÔ ì ZƒÐ x ** Æ· zzÅkS q -Š 4, }gøXì c* M£Zx ** »\ M~k QÔì ðƒÜ~}g !* ì ~Ä0ZXì „£Z {zÔ 3gä)H{−ZzÅ\ M x ** »\ M ìt X 11:62 1C ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 295 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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Âì Zƒ VYÐ x ** Æ·™f »\ M(C Ù ~ˆ y M Œ Û ] !* t „g i Z ³Zz sÑÆ\ MçOX ì ÄÐg ±Z ~s· ó L ìt : L »kS {™E +»\ M Ì~ # Ö ZgzZ HÐ ÏS ™f »\ M Ìä \¬vZÃ7Æ Xì @* ƒÐx ** ÏS F, {Š c* i

[Y 1989]

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†¿Þ æ ‚ÏÞ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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e yâ 'Ât ?mHÐ =»+Š ëxk!* h vßV; }g ø * @Y H76,gîÆ?Š w¸t»ÅvZègZ~[ !* kSçOX ì qÅ C6, zZÆ Vƒ 0* ÅzmvZ -Ñ ÂDƒ F F6,=¤ /Z x © ZÆ +Š ì }nÐn F, {Š c* ièa Vƒ 0* å¸ Ÿ» »=X ï Š: ¬» ä™ ©$E 9b§ËÃî0 G tq -Š 4, }g ø X @* Y H z ÌCa kS Ô Dƒ x ÓLZ {zX ì F F6,=+ Š Zg‚ ì Hs # Z !* ˆy M Œ Û Xì 7 ½Ì]* ! ä k QX ì @* ™7t ‚ÆVâ ¨ KZ6,Š ã CÏS Z + zx © Z g(Z { ZgÅ m, / ¤ Ð bÑŠ yS {zX K7bÑŠ [(C Ù aÆk QÔì »ˆy M Œ Û Xf e 7x » VYÐ =KZ {z ì @* ™ÒÃVß Zz ä™ Ã+Š y¨ KZ ì CYƒ ãZz Ç!* ] !* t ÂñY HB‚Æ', + D /Z·_ ¤ Æk Q ì Š Hc* ZÆakS „ » 䙿6,] c* Z@ Åk QgzZ + â ËÆTòŠ M Ï>q -ZçOXì ðâ Û «ÚÅ=ÐQäg ÇŠgz6, ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 299 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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x Ó~ + ŠÐzz Å äYƒxzøÐ =¡Ô @* ƒ 7ÚðÃ~ Š z!* Æ äƒÝ‚ 9Ð pÒC Ù ¹!* {zX ì * @Y c* Š g ZŒ Û ~',Ð V-gZŠ)f Æ x` ËÐ Q: gzZì @* ƒ » i úz { izg: Ð zg Åg $uz y M Œ Û Xì $ Ë Y~Š Zw6,[ ‚g Z pÔ $ Ë ™7Äc* gŠŠpë›´ŠÐ ¹=~gø 7µ~kS

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—"Ô¢ A &ÅK¹Q{zˆÆs # ŸzÅyQÐs§ÅV1ÆvZ Xì HÐÏQä\¬vZÌŸ»»+ â¹Q ìzz¸XìB bg Äc* gŠ ä¥Æb‚~] çY~g øÄŸZ›Ã»í6Zí M TgzZ BÐQizgC Ù {z[ ZpÔ M h7Ì™Äc* gŠÐQh + á {zX H7 »b‚X f e yâ Æ ŠŠ F,Ë% Ô D 0* ._Æ =KZ Ju Ð Ï QgzZì @* ™[ æÄ =ÅyQ Âì @* Œ¹QtÃt Z # ÔŠ * Z X äâ ÐS {z ì @* ™ Ÿ»

$Z@ðÃZgzâ Ð={zçOXì @* e ™[ æÄ=Åy¨ KZ Ì+Š X ._Æ=Ç!* ] c* Z@x ÓÅk QX êŠ7Ã= ]!* {z~}g !* ÆCä y¨ KZ ¬‰ÅvZègZ B7ë ì Y™ï@*ÌŠ !* ¿C Ù Ð ~ ëXì ðƒ yÒ 6, zZ σ ½ Å ³wÅkS X @* Y H7aÆ ä™gzŠ «ÝÅyQ C6,V1Z`  ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 300 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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D™Ýq Ï À 0* 6f Å b§q -ZëÐ Tì Å# Ö ´q -Z¡b§ ~~zcŬÆ\¬vZqt M hÈB‚ÆyEZ}g7ëX =s Üb§ËÐSXì CYƒÝqÐh e¢B;6, zZÆVƒ 0* ¡ X Y Y c* Š 7g Z Œ Û [Y 1988]

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/Z {z ƒ c* Š™: VY *„ H{n »|ä k QgzZƒ: VYß „ Xp¤ : VY„s ÜÆ< L ãZzËÅwÎgÆk QgzZ¬ôÜËÆvZ {zgzZ 8 o ö-FFwŠðÃÐ]!* kS¹QXDƒ7g»aÆG gWðÃ6, kQvßÔƒ ©$E ÅyQXì Å7 H?Š~ hÆÃî0 G LZ äá Zzì Cƒ7 äXÃe $Zzg k Q KZ b§Ë: Ë{z ì @* ƒt sÜg"»zŠzK -~g‚

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„ZeÐQt Â}ßÃ} Zg ˤ /Z Z§Iè}uzŠÐzz kS Ô Dƒ X D™ÒÃÅä™" $U* ÐQt Â,Šg Z Œ Û „ ZeÐQ {z Ô ë ÔD Y V˜ {z ?Hë!* gzZì Hh Cƒ7n¾ðÃÐ ] !* kS ¹S lˆ!)¼ a Æ yÅ ,KZ Ô X Ð TgzZ _7,¼ o8 ö-FFwŠÐq˹Q ZÎÆä& + ðe3ZgðÃaÆ]Š(KZgzZä™

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gzi Zg ‚ CZÉ Ô D™7g (Zi§ »¸ õdÌ~ c {zX Cƒ7 Å]!* kS ÃVî Z§ IèÆ™— }ÈÆ nÅ bŠ: äY Ô** ñÔ¢ 8 ~Š uÔƒe¢gŠTÓC Ù Å ïzD D™sÜ6, ä™zás§ gZ¦ /yŠP~ÄÅ¿,Z ËL~µ%ËÆÏ0 + i¤ /Z {zX ñY G5E "¦- ä k]»Vß !* Æ. $zZ b§Åá Zz ¶Š î*g4F ˆ ™tÅh e kS Ï0 + i ¹!* Âì @* ™x¯ b§ÅVƒ á Š !* gzZ @* 3ß1gzZ Vc* +Ô ; Q Ù {zX B™: Zâë »wŠ%kS ̹Q}vß ïŠg Z ¦ C /~÷¡ p¤ /Z~Xƒg {Ç WÔÍß D™ù á )** ]Y Z' ,q -ZyŠ}Š}uzŠ g!* zŠÆ r% {z ƒ T e bŠ ÇÐQ ?[ ZpÔ嶂 » [L X Vƒ„~{zÔÇ}™g ïZ »k Qû%&¬Ð¶ŠyZ f Z Æ Vzzc LZ {z Xì Cƒ ] ZŠ § î0”ùÐq -Z ,Å yQ ?ŠÔì Åì‡} Zg äV,Q D™òúŠB‚Æy á ~(, t‚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 303 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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/Z ¿ðĂƒçOXĂŹ ÅÏ‥6,ÂŻ Ă… Ç}Š™" $U* Ă&#x;Ăƒ} Zg Ă…yQĂ? ?Š¤ yQ¿ðĂƒZ # pĂ”Ă? VĆ’g ÂťaÆ+ â tKZÆŠŠF, Ă‹% {z Ă‚ Š$E Ă˜" Ă‚ĂŹ * @Y Wt ‚Æ yQ™å Ê‥y;' ,s ĂœĂ† ĂƒĂŽ0 G Æ 8# ¢ Ă– } . Ă? TĂŹ Ă… ~& + Ă&#x;q -Z'Ă‚wĂ…?Ĺ Ă”Vx : D â Ă› ?Ĺ ~{ Çg !* Ă…k QgzZÔÏ ~pĂ…wĹ Ă‚~p-ZX Ă?ùÑO{zĂ”Ă?Ć’e

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]!* Ă… yQÆ Ć’Ă‹% {z ĂŻ Ĺ ]úŠĂƒVĂ?Ă&#x; {z ?w HĂ… Ă‚ĂŹ Le Ăş 7] !* Ă…}uzŠÆƒË%zc Ă°Ăƒ ÂťyQ Z # pĂ”[ Æ yQĂƒV@Ă? ~g‚ Ă…Ĺ zÆ yQĹ pgzZ Ĺ Z b§Ă…} zĂ‘ ‌ Âť yQ yÂťgzZâ€?Ă? Vâ ĂĄ}' , ĂŻ Ĺ kgĹ ĂƒVzuzĹ {zXĂŹ ꊙƒet ‚ aÆ Ég ZŠ™Å³ #Ă‹LZpĂ”z™i Z ZĂ? g ~ {IgzZ äĂŽ Ă™ gzZc C eZĂƒĂ&#x;C Ă™ aÆ kS {z Ă‚Ć’ ÂľĂ‚ĂŒĂ…Y Zg – Âťx Ă‹¤ /ZšQ X D YĆ’g ÂťaÆä™ sĂƒ~Ĺ Zz

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VÍßxk!* g £ »ßgzZ 9V˜ ;ì CYƒ klÔNYg ¦ /Vc* œg ezŠ ?ñYVY„ Åy WµÂÅbzgË4ÐkS V;zÔì @* ƒðZk , +~ 5 wj â Æ b§ÏS xk!* µ ~(,~(,Å *Š ì îŠ „ ZÍ õg @* \ Ôn 0{Zg‡~]úŠ Å [z¦- :bzgt X ðƒg ZŠ%6,Ý ¬ ÷ %~

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[Y 1987]

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B‚Æã‚ W¹ Ì~g ‡x ¬q -Z »k Q]!* t ~}g !* ÆyWŒ Û Za Ð XgzZ + â ÃX ë›{z sÜ qçñ » k Q ì YyY -S {zXì g ®Z » b #~$ +Z Åy¨ KZ6,„ ä™ Zg7 ÃVç»á Zz äƒ Å+ â ¹S ÃxŠ WµÔì @* ™" $U* ÐbÑŠÆõg@* gzZt ÃWzÑZÃë› Ð yS gzZì @* ™g ZŠ¸¹QÐ ò}Æ ¶Š PÃyS Ôì êŠ ]úŠ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 305 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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Ð q Ë{z´ÆyS Xì @* ™# sŸzz bÑÅyQÔ Dƒ Za 2 » ©$ELZ 7µ~ kS Xì 7cÐQ ݬ {zaÆ# sŸz ÅÃî0 G 7s ÜÆ |LyÒ » k Q Âì H¼ ¤ /Z Ì~ }g!* ÆA gzZ KÄc* gŠ ä=Åy¨ KZy.zxE 0ÆÝ ¬kS pÔ @* ƒ 7c k , i Lˆ yWŒ Û ¹Q ÔÏ}™Äc* gŠ ~ Vâ â iáZz äW{z

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Xì 7„qçñ»k QÐ}uqðÃÅ b§kS X @* Ñ kS Åk QÃ[ÂkS vß ;g !* ~õg @* Å# Ö ZkS v HÐS p t ¬ ä V,QçO X ñƒ 7g »aÆ ä™wJ~ ]gß-Z kS y.zxE}g ‚Æ*ŠakS Ôì [ ÂÅvZèat Hì‡)l 454Xe äƒ!õÑ~ G aÆä™" $U* ÃólkS LZ {zˆÆkS X èG ~ ] c* WÅk Q ~ .â Æ y.z xEyS b§Ë ñƒ9gŠÆ ]!* kS i Z0 +ZÃê ÑŠC Ù Åx¯Ägz Z y Ò z y !* iç O XNYá ï& + ðe Ð E ä â i m {q -Z LÔ‰ K " $U* Ð kS x ; z ZÆ y ** - î0ªEiÒ¡LÆ™ gzZ V#Å kS |gŠ {z Š HH òúŠ ~ }g !* Æ ] â ¥³‚ Å Ð kS Z + ‰Æ]ƒzxægzZ¥DLÔ ˆÅ~ .ZÐ e $WV# Ð ~ kS ™f » î6,0 +egzZ ä¯ / VZÆ y¨ KZ LgzZ Ô‰ KæW', XŠ Hc* 3Š™wï ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 306 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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Æ[ÂkS ä V,Q ~ 7,** VZakS sÜÃVÍßØi ~g‚t äg ÇŠgz6, ÆÝ ¬ Œ7Ã]!* kS {zX 1™ì‡g¦ßÇ!* ~}g !* $ÁÅgÇŠgz6,[ Âtb§TXì Å «=Ãy¨ e KZ¬Ð [ ÂkS ðÉg Å=~]5çXçOXì e $ÁÅÏ Q Ì=b§ÏS Ôì c[ ÂtÐXgzZ7mðÃÃ[ ÂkS Ð yQÔì °»aÆk Q

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|ÝZ Å] Ñ»z ] § „ ]ZŠ ¢ ~Š â gzZ „g h ÂxŠ× W× W ÝqÐ ½x ÂkS ä Vâ Z â}gø ì ;¸X ìg 0* gZŒ Û :~|½x ÂtZg ø M hNŠÐV\W?ë[ ZXì H s ÜÆ]z%z+Š /ì li ‚q -Z [Y 1987]

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,q&~yS X ]ÃWÅx Â(Æk QX Z (, -Z »x ¸~g ø q : zÂ. Þ ‡m<!* Xì ;g™ {óg’¸g Zg ø x Ât Ð e $Zzg R&~g ø t q -Z ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 339 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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Ð wò ¸~w‚äkŠŒ Z ì @* ƒ ãZzs ™Âõ/GÍ$Ð VY5 ä Ç"Ð y!* i! ²¬Ð kS XÐVƒ`Åh + á“  ZŠŠ c* KZ ë ™"Г  ZŠŠ c* ~g øw‚Î{g !* ¸*ä Ç"Ð Ïg ÃgzZw‚Î{Ša Î&Æe $Zzg R&~g øXì ; gƒB‚ÆzŠg Znç¸[ ZX bŠ ìg: ¹!* ̼ ÂZƒgz$¸g Zg øÐ kS X hZzÐ y!* i kS w‚

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aÆ ½à"Z~ Ï0 + i£C Ù ½òÀÅw‚ {g !* t }uzŠ Šã CðÃÅ b§kS aÆ “ W Ý ¬ » +Š 1Ôì C™ë Z Û ]g '~Š ã C ¹!* tJ -Z # gzZ ñƒ Za Ð „@* ÃkS kg Zæ ´Š X C™7ë Z Û ÔVâ ZŠ b‚ b§TÃÌ‚ÎXÐ g Dƒ Za b§ÏS Ô Ïìg fÝÆ+Š b§ÏS Ôì ]gz¢ÅVzbZgzZVzËZ eÔVz² á ÔV'Š Z ÇkgŠ Žà"ZaÆä™ Zg7Ã]gz¢kS Xì ]gz¢ÌÅ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 340 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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aÆkS ?σ Za V¹qZ ~Š ã Caƾ ZŠ ~ yQ ÂNY Åì‡ Xì 7(ðà ƽòÀÅw‚{g !* ï Š 7Â]i YZtÿËë t}Š Ô}™ì‡}g ZŠ ZÆä¯C Ù â »ˆ}uzŠ Ëc* bZ ÔËZ eÃV”{z% aÆÑkS Xì 7~È0* ðÃÅ b§kS aÆ“ W ݬ»+Š1

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»wÆyQV˜ Ô D Ya™4ZŠ~ VÎgæ, ZÐ „ Z’Z¥ z² á c* yZŠb‚ÔbZÔËZe¹Q ì YƒÔä]gŠXì @* Yƒê ztzfgzZ¢ A &ÔqZÅyQkgZæt1ÔƒH ZaaÆ“ WgqgzZd $Š Z ËÆ Ï0 + iˆ Æ îÃ/ÅgÅgzZ D ¯ ݬ ¹QÃsÐ yDg ݬÃXQX ï Š™ »aÆyQ µZñÆh e™[ NZ »ˆ}uzŠ -Z ÌÃ,ÅyQ ¯ q ) !* Æ òzøÐ ½òÀÅw‚ {g !* Ô D ¯ {g™ƒ bZ~}Ñç„ LZ {zÐ T ï Š wJ e~ ‘‚, Z X D Y }gøXìC™ Ÿ»»]âZŠZà©)aÆb &ZKZwq]gßt : sf`gŠm, zˆ~gøaÆkSÂN 0* =ÂÅkS-zi[!* gZ $ g f ~ m, ~Š ™ »& ¸C Ù Å ½î0œG ôZ gzZ zŠg Z gzZ Iè)gzZ Iè X 1 gzZ ~ y!* i ~ m, ôZ èc* g gzZ b‚ Ô~ zŠg Z xE CÑç x ÓX ñY ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 341 l^Ú^ÏÚ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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]« CŠ X ñYðJ 7, ~y!* i! ²„  Zg {Z', ¼» e ÔN ¬Š Åi úsÜ~ Vo) õ0* «aƽ´ŠX 2 XNYñZ™Šc* [!* zŠ~y WƈyWŒ ÛJ (114)óŒ^ßÖ]Ð L ( 50) ó ?ÑLgzZ ä2°Z¸~gz¢Æy!* iÔñYÅ qzÑЮ ) )”½Åy!* i! ² X B™ »Zg7J -® ) ) ,ðg !* ¥&ñY c* Š ¯ gi +gÈyWŒ Û ˆÆ

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ñY HÈ0* 2X ñY c* ¯z »x (ò ¸Ð wÅVzg ZŠ Z {g!* XÐ,™74ZŠ ~VzgZŠ Z LZÃD¨ ¤Ë{z%ƽòÀÅw‚ ÅyQ ÔVƒ ._Æ ] Zg £0aÆ ½dZ }gZŠ Z Ð ~ yS taÆ~ e ÝZ8gzZ…* ZÔ} Z * ZÔ} Z! ˆÆ]q & ZyS Vc* /e ¤ XNYà™

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K Z& y ›X a' ,: ĂŹ \7 Ă°ĂƒV Ĺ’ X ĂŹ g Z M Z y Z- Z „ K~ Ă™ Å„ C  (z< Ă˜ èX ǃ „zĂŒx â Z Âť]Š„ÅyQĂ”Ă?NÂŻ x â Z „ ( XĂŹ ˆ~Š™ ÂťaÆü[ Z & ¸ L t~kQÔÅÏ‥ä/ôÆ\WĂ„Ăœ ˆÆÅzmvZ-Ă‘ < Ă…wqZ LZ yZxZ # ~Vâ â iƈpĂ” „g Ï‥B‚Æy ĂĄ ~g7

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V,QĹ pŸ aÂťVzK Ă‚ĂŹg: . Ăž ‥ÆäĆ’} 9z', zgÆVĂ?Ă&#x;Ă?zz ÆkS XĂŹXĹ q0ZĂ?Z {Ĺ c* iĂ?Ć’  Âť Ăľg @* ~g øtX c* Š™Š4Æfä Ć’xzøĂ?w)LZ„  (gzZw°LZ< Ă˜ è Ă™ Ĺ ĂŤ[ ZĂ”~Ă‹ gzZ VĂšuĂ? V- Ĺ“Ă” Âśce ĂŁĆ’ Ă?q ~i Z Ă› u q{z XĂŹ ˆ Ă…äqšQ ĂąVZub§kS äV,QÔüce** Ć’VĂšuq g yÆV¸ Ă› Z,KX D VZu VzgZD Ă™ Ă‚ĂąY Ă…Ă’Ăƒ aÆ- X D™~g !* Ÿ '6,}uzĹ q -Z ĂŽuÆ yQ™Ö~ X {z¤ /(Z q -Z Âť V-Ă&#x;Ăągz& ä k Q ÔÏ Ă°Ć’ Ă?q šQ „  c* g Ă? t XĂŹ )ÂŻ ) !* aÆ fĹ z Âť TĂŹ c* Š™ Za ~}Ă‘ç}g ø DgĂŽ ?gĹ j ZgzZ D)xŠ› / Ă?k Q Ă‚ sĂ…y!* i~Âż#Ă…Ă‹Z # yS ĂĽ ĂŻzDgzZĂŹ @* Ć’ Ă­Ă? VzžĂ†yS g ZĹ ' ,DC Ă™ Âť h]úŠX aÆVĂ…VpH: ZgZĹ â€˜ Ă› { i ZzgĹ ÂťKC Ă™ X Tg~Ĺ iĂ…VzĂ&#x;Æ ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 344 l^Ăš^Ă?Ăš ³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ "All rights of this book are reserved for the publisher and the author. This copy is for reading purpose only. This copy cannot be uploaded on any website except those of the publisher and the author."

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