Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Green Infrastructure Design Guidelines and Strategies by wedesign

THE BROOKLYN WATERFRONT GREENWAY An Agent for Green Infrastructure, Climate Change Adaptation, and Resilience NYS Department of State Brooklyn Greenway Initiative WE Design eDesign Dynamics

CONTENTS

PURPOSE

P. 3

Introduction

P. 6

Part 1: Green Infrastructure Design Typologies, Guidelines and Case Studies

The Brooklyn Greenway Initiative procured the design and engineering services of WE Design and eDesign Dynamics, through a grant from NYS Department of State Local Waterfront Revitalization Program on a project funded by the NYS Environmental Protection Fund, to develop stormwater infrastructure design guidelines for the 14-mile Brooklyn Greenway. The majority of the Brooklyn Greenway was inundated during Hurricane Sandy and lies within the 1% probability flood risk zone. This project includes looking at ways the Brooklyn Greenway can also provide climate change and flood resilience for adjacent communities.

P. 54 Part 2: Appendix - Segment Analysis

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This report was prepared for the New York State Department of State with funds provided under Title 11 of the Environmental Protection Fund. Contract #C007122; Task 12 The study would not have been possible without the exceptional support and contributions of NYC Department of Transportation (DOT), NYC Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) and NYC Department of Design & Construction (DDC). The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway project cuts across departmental jurisdictions and Brooklyn Greenway Initiative’s (BGI) objective of leveraging the construction of the Greenway to achieve unprecedented stormwater management benefits. It has required deep contributions and access to information from each agency. We are most appreciative of the spirit in which DOT, DEP and DDC embraced the potential for new possibilities in cross jurisdictional stormwater management strategies. Throughout the process this work has benefited from the support and guidance of the NYS Department of State Coastal Resources Division, The Brooklyn Borough President’s Office and the Mayor’s Office for Long-Term Planning and Sustainability.

CONTRIBUTORS

Milton Puryear - Brooklyn Greenway Initiative Tricia Martin, Alexandria Donati, Liza Trafton, Ashley Drexler & Alanna Rios - WE Design Eric Rothstein, Ian Lipsky, Justin Shih - eDesign Dynamics Chelsea Muller - Governor’s Office for Storm Recovery Gita Nandan and Ian Marvy - Co-Chairs, Red Hook New York Rising Committee Chris Longo and Pippa Brashear - Parsons Brinckerhof Michelle O’Connor and Michael Nilson - Langan Engineering Andrew Kimball - Jamestown LP., Gregory O’Connell - The O’Connell Organization Amir Rasty, Ted Wright, Nick Magilton, Keith Bray, Christopher Hrones - NYC DOT Angela Licata, Magdi Farag, Jim Garin, John Mclaughlin, Tetyana Klemenko, Nick Barbaro - NYC DEP Narayana Venugopalan, Rhiannon Woitowitz, Timothy Lynch - NYC DDC David Bragdon - Mayor’s Office Michael Marrella, Alexandros Washburn - NYC DCP Red Hook New York Rising Committee and Community participants Elizabeth Yeampierre, Ryan Chavez - UPROSE Fred Landa - NYS DOS S.W.I.M. Coalition

The New York City Department of Transportation’s Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Implementation Plan details 23 capital projects stretching from Newtown Creek to Bay Ridge. Each of these Greenway “Segments” will run near the lowest contours of Brooklyn’s East River sub-watersheds. Brooklyn Greenway Initiative seeks to drive innovation in stormwater management through watershed based green infrastructure networks. Through a combination of green and gray infrastructure, BGI proposes that each Greenway segment serve as the backbone for a sub-watershed stormwater network that can over time divert much of the stormwater in its sub-watershed from the combined sewer system. Additionally, we propose to investigate the opportunities for the Brooklyn Greenway to function as flood protection infrastructure in order to protect adjacent waterfront communities during future storm events while also providing the benefits of non-motorized transportation, public space and environmental infrastructure. Implementation of all 23 of the Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway “Segments” will have a cost measured in nine figures. This is a unique opportunity to implement stormwater mitigation improvements that will facilitate the conveyance of upslope stormwater to the East River and New York Harbor. This scope of work is intended to identify the design requirements, challenges and solutions that will make it possible for the construction of the Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway to transmit upslope stormwater to the natural water bodies while also contributing to storm surge and flood protection.

Local individuals contributing to the vision of the Brooklyn Greenway (Image Source: http://www.brooklyngreenway.org)

INTRODUCTION The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway green infrastructure design guidelines and strategies are intended to provide a coherent expression for Greenway development while addressing a range of issues influencing urban coastlines. Fourteen miles of Brooklyn’s waterfront perimeter is to be monumentally transformed by the construction of a continuous corridor for bicycles and pedestrians, triggering the opportunity to integrate forward-looking concerns about changing climate, rising sea levels, water quality, and coastal habitat enhancements. Large areas of Brooklyn were flooded by the storm surge generated by Hurricane Sandy in 2012 [Fig.1]. One year earlier, Hurricane Irene brought heavy precipitation and inland flooding caused by inland runoff. Simultaneously protecting against both types of storm risks is technically challenging—balancing the need to protect properties from storm surge and the need to release stormwater from heavy rains. The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway will precisely delineate those locations where, one day, Irene will meet Sandy. If these low-lying areas are to survive extreme storm events for the indefinite future, comprehensive interventions are required to mitigate risk to property, and maximize resilience of habitat and infrastructure. By including design considerations for green stormwater management and storm surge protection, the Brooklyn Greenway presents an opportunity to address these issues in many locations along the route while creating a valuable public amenity. New York City’s Long Term Control Plan (LTCP), developed to establish compliance with State and Federal environmental regulators enforcing the Clean Water Act, promises dramatic reductions to Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO’s) in the coming decades. The LTCP describes massive infrastructure improvements to the City’s sewers, along with Green Infrastructure (GI) practices that manage stormwater through source controls and “green” systems that replicate natural hydrological processes. These practices, however, are largely limited by their disconnection from historic drainage ways and connections for release to open water. Because the Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway will lie over precisely those potential points of discharge, the Brooklyn Greenway Initiative (BGI) hopes to demonstrate the benefits of reestablishing the pathways that permit collection, treatment and release of stormwater runoff from developed land to natural waterways. In doing this, BGI proposes using many of the tools established for use by New York City’s Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP) and the Office of Green Infrastructure. However, some new tools are still needed to reach the full potential of GI systems to capture and treat urban stormwater in these coastal applications. One such tool planned for use by NYCDEP is the high level storm sewer (HLSS), which redirects runoff collected near shorelines away from the combined sewers toward new points of discharge to the waterways. This form of strategically separating storm and sanitary flows has great potential to reduce CSO, but with minimal use of water quality controls. Once the HLSS becomes common practice in the City, it is expected that State and Federal regulators will impose MS4 obligations to treat stormwater prior to release. The design scenarios in this document illustrate the use of HLSSs and their potential for integration with living filters and wetland treatment systems.

Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO’s)

New York City Department of Environmental Protection signed a consent order with New York State to reduce the release of raw sewage in the city’s water bodies. Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) occur when the volume of stormwater overwhelms the capacity of the sewer interceptors that carry both sanitary waste and stormwater to the city’s sewage treatment plants. CSO’s can be minimized by reducing the volume of stormwater that enters the interceptors. Green infrastructure is one way to accomplish this. It works by making the landscape more absorbent with underground reservoirs beneath planted infiltration swales. In Greenpoint, Brooklyn Greenway Initiative (BGI) is pursuing a strategy that will intercept 40% of the stormwater falling on streets and sidewalks in the West Street subwatershed from entering the combined sewer system. This will be accomplished through a combination of green infrastructure and grey infrastructure (high level sewers that deliver stormwater directly to the river). This project is one of the 23 capital projects along the Greenway route. Similar opportunities exist among the other 22 capital projects in the Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Master Implementation Plan.

SE +5.9 +4

CSO

CSO +0 CSO

CSO

GE -0.6

CSO

SE +8.7

GE -3.0

SE +6.6

CSO

GE -5.9

Where coastal flood risks are highest, BGI proposes the construction of the Greenway atop vegetated protective berms using a system of deployable gates where entrances and rights of way crossings are needed. The challenge is to find a sufficient footprint on which to build the elevated Greenway. In only a few locations is there sufficient space within the public right of way to accomplish this. While these structures will require significant cost and integration with private flood protection systems to implement, it is recognized that protective measures are necessary and that over time flood related losses will far outweigh the cost. This will required extensive collaboration and integration with private land owners.

SE +4.8

GE -3.0

CSO

-2

CSO

Figure 1: Red Hook (Segment 9) storm surge inundation area

PROJECT CONTEXT City Context

Greenways are being designed and built throughout all five boroughs of New York City. Hudson River Park is located along Manhattan’s West Side on the shore of the Hudson River. The Park includes a continuous five mile promenade and separated bike lanes from Battery Park in Lower Manhattan to 59th Street. Other Greenways in Manhattan include Riverside Park, Harlem River Greenway, and the East River Blueway. The Bronx River Greenway is a 32-mile trail connecting waterfronts in Westchester County and The Bronx, to other boroughs in New York City. Groups like the Jamaica Bay Greenway Coalition are working to create a continuous Jamaica Bay Greenway that would connect with the Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway. Most recently the New York City Parks Department has identified approximately 45 miles of additional Greenway projects and on-street connections . They have targeted projects that will link under-served communities to their waterfronts and recreational destinations [Fig. 2].

Two segments of the Brooklyn Greenway, West Street in Greenpoint and Flushing Avenue along the Brooklyn Navy Yard, are already underway as NYC capital projects. DOT and BGI are actively seeking funding to move additional segments toward implementation This study is building on the work of BGI , RPA, and the NYCDOT since 2004. This project does recommend specific route alternatives in the NYCDOT Master Plan in order to maximize green infrastructure and storm surge protection goals. The design approaches are the result of input from stakeholders including residents, businesses and public entities.

Segment Context

(http://www.nycgovparks.org/facility/bicycling-andgreenways/expansion).

For the purposes of analyzing the potential of the Greenway to support extensive green infrastructure and storm surge protection, this study investigates 15 segments along the Greenway route. The segments are differentiated by a neighborhood and/or a sub-watershed [Fig. 3].

Overall, 41.6 miles of the new Greenway has been funded for design and construction using $133 Million in City, State and Federal funds over the next four years. The Bronx: 55 miles envisioned Brooklyn: 35 miles envisioned Manhattan: 32 miles envisioned Queens: 63 miles envisioned Staten Island: 20 miles envisioned

From 2004-07, BGI and RPA hosted community workshops to develop a Conceptual Plan for the Greenway. From 2009-11 BGI and RPA worked directly with NYC DOT and UPROSE to host additional community workshops to get input and feedback for the NYC DOT Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Implementation Plan released on June 21, 2012, comprised of 23 individual segments, or capital projects, each to be designed and built by the City as funding is secured.

Figure 2: New York City Greenway Plan (Map Source: www.nyc.gov)

Quality of life implications for the proposed Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway are apparent. However, Superstorm Sandy taught us that protection from storm surges, and climate change in general are also needed along NYC’s waterfront edges. This project will demonstrate how a network of city Greenways can play an important role in mitigating the effects of climate change, in addressing our imminent stormwater challenges, and contributing to overall community resilience.

Brooklyn Context

The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway is a 14-mile continuous, separated bike/ped route from Greenpoint through Sunset Park. The Greenway will pass through distinct neighborhoods varying in width and design depending on location. For the past 10 years, Brooklyn Greenway Initiative (BGI), along with its planning partner Regional Plan Association (RPA) and UPROSE, has been the catalysts for selecting the route, implementing community based planning, securing federal and state funding and building a consensus for the creation of the 14-mile Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway.

Each segment is analyzed through various site conditions with emphasis on existing land use, stormwater catchment area, the amount of rain water that is “captured” for a particular storm event, and by its status within the 100-year floodplain [See Part Two - Segment Analysis beginning on page 54 for more detail on each Segment]. The existing land use helps us understand the relationship the Greenway will have to its neighborhood, whether residential, commercial, industrial, governmental or institutional and informs what the Greenway might look like and the programs that are most appropriate. The stormwater volume in the catchment area will determine the amount of green infrastructure necessary to make an impact. The floodplain analysis will help us understand the importance of storm surge and flood protection along the route of the Greenway. Figure 3: Brooklyn Greenway segment map

METHODOLOGY Project Format [Fig. 4]

This document has been divided into two parts. Part 1-Green Infrastructure Design Typologies, Guidelines and Case Studies consists of green infrastructure design guidelines including: conditions for green infrastructure along the Greenway route, green infrastructure typologies, environmental and social outcomes of green infrastructure systems, “Big Move” strategies for green infrastructure systems placement and storm barrier typologies. Part 1 suggests how various strategies and typologies could be used as a “Kit of Parts” to be applied where appropriate along the Greenway route. Two case studies, Red Hook (Segments 8, 9, 10) and Sunset Park (segments 11, 12, 13), demonstrate how the ‘Kits of Parts” can be applied to specific neighborhoods and sub-watersheds. Part 2 is an appendix to Part 1 which consists of detailed site analysis for all 15 of the Brooklyn Greenway segments identified in this project. Analysis includes: topography, storm surge inundation zones, combined sewer overflow locations, existing tree and loading dock locations, private property boundaries, soil boring outcomes including water table depth, stormwater run-off calculations within specific watersheds and a variety of segment specific opportunities and constraints. This analysis led us to specific opportunity areas for green infrastructure and storm surge protection along the Greenway which informed Part 1-Green Infrastructure Design Typologies, Guidelines and Case Studies. GREENWAY SOIL TYPES

THE BROOKLYN GREENWAY

15 GREENWAY SEGMENTS

EXISTING TREES GALLONS OF RAIN WATER [INFORMS]

ANALYSIS

Figure 4: Project Process Diagram

ADJACENT PARKS

TOPOGRAPHY

Contributing sub-watershed boundary Tier 1= Greenway route footprint Tier 2= Open, vacant and parking lot space located 1 block upland from the Greenway route Tier 3= Building rooftops located within 1 block upland from the Greenway route Tier 4= The remaining open, vacant and parking lot space as well as rooftops within contributing watershed adjacent to Greenway route

OPPORTUNITIES AND OUTCOMES GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE TYPOLOGIES

A KIT OF PARTS

[INFORMS]

CASE STUDY: RED HOOK CASE STUDY: SUNSET PARK

FLOODPLAINS ADJACENT TO PUBLIC PROPERTY

Stormwater Management Tiers

“BIG MOVE” STRATEGIES

STORM BARRIER OPPORTUNITIES

DEISGN GUIDELINES

Stormwater Management Calculations Methodology

In order to identify the extent of contributing stormwater run-off within each segment’s sub-watershed we have identified four stormwater management “Tiers” as the base criteria to map opportunities for capturing run-off adjacent to the Greenway route [Fig. 5]. While it is not likely that the run-off from these total areas can be entirely managed within the Greenway footprint, the areas provide a target goal and quantified potential for stormwater mitigation. The Tiers are defined as follows: Tier 1- represents the Greenway footprint itself and the impervious rights-of-way directly adjacent. Note: This is the current standard extent of GI management in New York City Tier 2- represents one block upland from the Greenway route and includes right-of-way areas and adjacent impervious areas such as vacant and parking lots Tier 3- represents building roof areas within one block upland that could be disconnected for future connection with the GI system Tier 4- includes the remaining area and rooftops of the upland contributing sub-watershed adjacent the Greenway route. Assuming a total catchment area along all studied segments of the Greenway route, including Tier 1 + 2 + 3 , approximately 2,075,000 cubic feet or 15,527,000 gallons of rain water could be captured within a 1 inch storm event. This amounts to 580,705,000 gallons of rain water that can potentially be managed annually. A Waterfront Greenway that can mitigate impacts of this magnitude, will become an important and effective element of public utility infrastructure. NOTE: As placement and design parameters become established for GI implementation within the Greenway and priorities for right-of-way land use are decided, the extent of potential runoff capture beyond Tier 1 can be identified and the GI systems sized accordingly.

Figure 5: Example of stormwater management tiers shown on West St. in Greenpoint - (Segment 2 of appendix, page 59)

PART 1 GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN TYPOLOGIES, GUIDELINES AND CASE STUDIES CONTENTS P. 6

Introduction

P. 7

Greenway Conditions

P. 10

Green Infrastructure Typologies

P. 12

“Big Moves” Connection Strategies

P. 18

Green Infrastructure Outcomes

P. 19 Green Infrastructure Outcome Considerations P. 20 Greenway Resiliency Barrier Typologies P. 28 P. 40

Design Case Study - Red Hook [Ferris St. - Halleck St.] Design Case Study - Sunset Park [29th St. - Marginal St.]

INTRODUCTION

The design guidelines and design typologies have been organized into four different parts. A tool kit of typologies and “Big Moves” are cataloged separately and then expressed as schematic designs for two case studies along the Greenway route. 1. The first part includes a tool kit of stormwater / green infrastructure and storm surge protection typologies that could be applied to a specific set of conditions that exist throughout the 14 miles of Greenway. The combination of site-specific conditions and design typologies that could be applied results in a set of outcomes that meet the goals of this project. 2. The second part showcases the “Big Moves” for the project. These design typologies demonstrate how to connect various green infrastructure systems at transitional junctions in the system. These “Big Moves” include 1. Moving Water Across the Street, 2. Conveying Water to the Receiving Water Body, 3. Moving Water from Private to Public Land or Public to Private, and 4. Conveying Water from an Elevated Structure to the Ground. 3. The third part includes a variety of elevated Greenway typologies for storm surge protection. The storm “resiliency barrier” typologies have been organized by spatial constraints - narrow, medium and wide. 4. The fourth part consists of two in-depth case studies that demonstrate how and where to apply the above mentioned typologies and “big moves” and the impacts this has on the design configuration of the Greenway and the amount of rain water that can be mitigated within each case study and the storm surge protection that it can provide.

GREENWAY CONDITIONS Greenway conditions have been identified along each Greenway segment (see Appendix beginning on p. 54 for Segment Analysis). Identifying conditions along the Greenway route help to inform appropriate stormwater, green infrastructure and/or storm surge protection strategies. The identified conditions include:

Adjacent to public/open space

Adjacent to waterfront

Adjacent to elevated roadway

Narrow right of way

Adjacent to private land

Adjacent to public street end

Striping within right of Way

Wide right of way

GREENWAY CONDITIONS

Narrow right of way

Example of Greenway with a narrow right of way on Marginal Street in Sunset Park (Segment 14)

Adjacent to waterfront

Example of Greenway adjacent to waterfront at Halleck Street in Red Hook (Segment 9)

(Map and Image Source: Google Maps)

Striping within right of way

Example of roadway striping within Greenway on Kent Ave. in Williamsburg (Segment 4)

Wide right of way

Example of Greenway with a wide right of way on 29th Street in Sunset Park (Segment 12)

GREENWAY CONDITIONS

Adjacent to public/open space

(Map and Image Source: Google Maps)

Adjacent to elevated roadway

Example of Greenway adjacent to public open space on Kent St. in Williamsburg (Segment 3)

Example of Greenway below elevated roadway on 3rd Ave. and 29th St. Sunset Park (Segment 12)

Adjacent to public street end

Adjacent to private land

Example of Greenway adjacent to public street ends in Red Hook (Segment 8)

Example of Greenway adjacent to large open private land on Beard Street in red Hook (Segment 8)

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE TYPOLOGIES The set of Green Infrastructure typologies presented here are intended to work as a complete â&#x20AC;&#x153;kit of partsâ&#x20AC;? which can be assembled and configured to meet the specific conditions found at each location. Stormwater systems consist of inlets, storage, conveyance, treatment and discharge. While conventional systems rely on street inlets and catch basins to drop run-off below the level of the street. GI systems intended to operate along relatively flat areas must manage water closer to grade. The following icons represent typologies that can be used to meet drainage and storm surge protection needs along the Greenway route and upland adjacent streets.

Porous paving

Rain garden

Resiliency barrier

Right of way bio-swale

High level storm sewer

Surface channel

Gravel beds

Bulb-out

Wetlands/wave-break

“BIG MOVE” CONNECTION STRATEGIES In addition to the NYCDEP standard GI components proposed for use along the Greenway, BGI is proposing a number of Big Moves that are not currently part of NYC’s GI toolkit. These techniques allow us to expand the role and capacity of GI systems, providing connectivity between sources, BMPs and receiving waters. These measures are not described here in great detail, and their functions can be performed using a variety of means and materials. The GI systems integrated within the Greenway are designed to intercept run-off prior to it reaching the City’s primary storm inlets, and to bypass flows when their capacities are exceeded. For this reason, these proposed conveyance measures need not handle peak flow rates, but instead serve as low-flow pathways for slow release of detention structures, or to equalize water levels between structures when catchment areas or infiltration rates are not equal. A number of genuine constraints exist to adopting these “Big Moves” within the design vernacular. The GI methods for moving water across streets have no precedence in NYC, and no established system for maintenance.

Big Move #1: Moving Water Across the Street Strategies A) Surface channel with grate at grade B) Below grade pipe bypassing combined sewer system C) Porous conveyance channel below grade

When using porous conveyance channels, there exists a risk of imposing saturated conditions within roadway foundations, which DOT fears will destabilize the road surface and increase maintenance needs, especially during winter freeze. Moving stormwater between public and private properties introduces questions of liability, ownership and maintenance which are not well resolved. Both of these practices may also change existing catchment boundaries, and alter the conditions behind the NYCDEP’s drainage models. As with the use of High Level Storm Sewers, conveying BMP discharges and overflows to receiving waters creates a need to address the NYSDEC who regulates outfalls. As enforcement of the Clean Water Act advances on several fronts, NYC is in a period of transition with respect to MS4 and stormwater quality discharges, the requirements for which are likely to become more stringent in the coming years. The Greenway design guidelines anticipate these conditions, and offer an opportunity to present an example for resilient design throughout the City and region.

Big Move 2: Conveying Water to the Receiving Water Body Strategies A) High level storm sewer pipe bypassing the combined sewer system B) Surface channel with grate at grade NOTE: Inclusion of surface channels in rightC) Porous conveyance channel below grade of-way should be approved by the City. D) Vegetated channel

Big Move 3: Moving Water from Private to Public Land or from Public to Private Vertical Connectivity Strategies A) Conveyance from private or public roof to rain barrels B) Conveyance from private or public roof to gravel bed C) Conveyance from private or public roof to rain garden

NOTE: Currently, moving storm water between private and public property and vice versa is not a practice accepted by NYC Department of Environmental Protection.

Strategies A) Conveyance from private or public land to public or private land through surface channel to Bio-swale B) Conveyance from private or public land to public or private land through below grade pipe to Bio-swale C) Conveyance from private or public land to public or private land through porous conveyance channel D) Conveyance from public roadway to private constructed wetland 12

“BIG MOVE” CONNECTION STRATEGIES 1

Big Move #1: Moving Water Across the Street Strategies A) Surface channel with grate at grade B) Below grade pipe bypassing combined sewer system C) Porous conveyance channel below grade

Expressway

Habitat

Expressway

Habitat

Habitat Habitat

Habitat

Soil

Roadway

Soil

Roadway

Infiltration

Roadway

Infiltration

Surface overflow Flow direction

Flow direction

Soil

gravel substrate

Rain Garden

gravel substrate

Surface Channel

Rain Garden

Below Grade Pipe

Rain Garden

Porous Conveyance Channel

Rain Garden

“BIG MOVE” CONNECTION STRATEGIES 2

Big Move 2: Conveying Water to the Receiving Water Body Strategies A) High level storm sewer pipe bypassing the combined sewer system B) Surface channel with grate at grade C) Porous conveyance channel below grade D) Vegetated channel

Sidewalk Sidewalk Sidewalk

Sidewalk Sidewalk

Sidewalk

Habitat

Public Roadway

One-way valve * Backflow preventer

Habitat

Public Roadway

One-way valve * Backflow preventer

Habitat

Public Roadway

One-way valve * Backflow preventer

Detention

ROW Swale ROW Swale

Surface Channel

Below Grade Pipe

outflow to receiving water body

ROW Swale

Gravel Burrito

outflow to receiving water body

Sidewalk

Habitat

One-way valve * Backflow preventer

Public Roadway

outflow to receiving water body

“BIG MOVE” CONNECTION STRATEGIES 3

Habitat Habitat

pipe diversion

pipe diversion pipe diversion

Rainwater Harvesting

Private Building

Private Building Private Building

Habitat Detention

overflow catchment and filter

Sidewalk Sidewalk

OW To R

Public Roadway

Overflow

Sidewalk

wale

Bio-s

Public Roadway

Overflow

“BIG MOVE” CONNECTION STRATEGIES 3

Big Move 3: Moving Water from Private to Public Land or from Public to Private Strategies A) Conveyance from private or public land to public or private land through surface channel to Bio-swale B) Conveyance from private or public land to public or private land through below grade pipe to Bio-swale C) Conveyance from private or public land to public or private land through porous conveyance channel D) Conveyance from public roadway to private constructed wetland

Habitat

Public Roadway

Public Sidewalk

Public Roadway

Public Sidewalk

Public Sidewalk Private Parking Lot/ Open Space

Private Parking Lot/ Open Space

Public Roadway

Detention

Surface Channel Below Grade Pipe

ROW Swale

Gravel Burrito

ROW Swale

outflow to cross street (See Big Move #1)

PRIVATE

PUBLIC

Rainfall Habitat

Building

Conveyance Roadway

Over flow

Constructed Wetland [Private Land]

Public ROW

River

“BIG MOVE” CONNECTION STRATEGIES 4

Big Move 4: Conveying Water from an Elevated Structure to the Ground Vertical Connectivity Strategies A) Conveyance from elevated roadway to rain garden B) Conveyance from elevated roadway to false catch basin C) Conveyance from elevated roadway to gravel bed * Consideration: Structural integrity of support pilings must be considered in advance of imposing infiltration. Expressway

Expressway

run-off collection pipe

run-off collection pipe Habitat

parking

soil

parking

Infiltration

roadway

surface grate

outflow

outflow to cross street (See Big Move #1)

outflow

outflow to cross street (See Big Move #1)

Detention

gravel substrate

Rain Garden

Gravel Bed

False Catch Basin

Detention

roadway

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE BENEFICIAL OUTCOMES Benefits from green infrastructure practices go beyond management of stormwater and reductions to CSOs. Integrating green systems within the urban landscape can serve to replace many of the hydrological functions lost through dense urban development. These functions include conveyance, contaminant and nutrient filtration, groundwater recharge, and niche habitat improvements. GI structures also detain and slow the release of stormwater through pipes to waterways and reduce flashy conditions that create flood hazards downstream. Recent studies have been quantifying the contributions of green roofs in reducing the urban heat island effect through evapotranspiration and changes in surface albedo. More recently, coastal area planners have been looking toward beach nourishment, dune creation, salt marsh and offshore reef structures to reduce damage from storm surge and make cities more resilient in the face of rising sea levels. BGI has integrated as many of these benefits within the Greenway network as possible, while simultaneously maximizing the potential to manage stormwater and provide publicly accessible green amenities.

Storm surge protection

Carbon sequestration

Stormwater detention

Evapotranspiration

Stormwater conveyance

Stormwater filtration

Reduced heat island effect

Stormwater infiltration

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE OUTCOME CONSIDERATIONS

Introduction

While there are benefits to integrating green infrastructure and storm surge protection into the design of the Greenway, there are also important regulatory, maintenance, and technical considerations that need to be weighed when making final design decisions.

Regulatory Considerations

NYC Department of Transportation (DOT) • Big Move Connection Strategies - Moving Water Across the Street • Anything on the ROW • Parking spaces • Bus stops • Lanes, traffic, crosswalks, bike paths, pedestrian ways NYC Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) • Big Move Connection Strategies - Conveying Water from Private to Public Land or Public to Private • Change mapped catchment areas • Storm sewers, combined sewers, catch basins, culverts, or any storm water infrastructure • Discharge to surface water NYC Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) • Parks or open spaces • Tree pits • ROW swales NYS Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) • Big Move Connection Strategies - Conveyaing Water to the Receiving Water Body • Outfalls to surface waters • Storm resiliency barrriers • Wetland wave breaks (shoreline habitat) NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOH) • Water reuse • Human contact with stored water (or saturated soils) in public access zones Private Utilities • Setbacks from utility lines • Rules for infrastructure overlay (esp. at street crossings)

Maintenance Considerations Big Moves Strategies

1) Moving Water Across the Street • Removing debris and sediment from trench drains 2) Conveying Water to the Receiving Water Body • Removing debris and sediment from sump portions of pipe connections to surface water 3) Moving Water from Private to Public Land or from Public to Provate • Removing debris and sediment from private connections to green infrastructure • Public outreach to reduce improper disposal into storm drains 4) Conveying Water from an Elevated Structure to the Ground • Removing debris and sediment from elevated drainage structures

Sustain Plant Health

• Regular weeding of planted areas • Pruning and plant replacement • Soil replacement • Pest control

Sediment and Litter Removal

• Inspect erosion and sediment build up • Catch basin clean-out • Vacuum / pressure wash porous pavements • Leaf and trash removal

Technical Considerations Big Moves Strategies

1) Moving Water Across the Street • Proper structural support for trench drains • New roadway designs with porous sub-base • Creating connections between BMPs along a contour 2) Conveying Water to the Receiving Water Body • Moving water from inland flooding through a constructed barrier • Water quality of discharges • Potential pretreatment required before discharge (DEC Guidelines) • Preventing backflow 3) Moving Water from Private to Publid Land or Public to Private • Re-evaluating/overloading existing storm water infrastructure capacities (Change of existing catchments) • Maintenance/liability/access/ownership issues 4) Conveying Water from an Elevated Structure to the Ground • Setbacks from structural columns • Energy attenuation of downspout discharge • Avoiding clogging at oulets

General Brooklyn Greenway Considerations

• Finding enough areas appropriate for infiltration / subsurface storage • Utility setbacks and competition for space • Limited changes in elevation • Limited space available for elevated and shoreline Greenway sections • Instability caused by soil saturation, esp adjacent to roadways • Basement intrusion

General GI Considerations

Bioengineering • Plant selection • Soil selection • Sub-surface structure (esp. at storm resiliency barriers) Plant Health • Water • Proper catchment area sizing for sufficient watering • Prolonged ponding • Contaminated runoff to planted zones • Salt water intrusion/spray • Soil • Moisture regime • Permeability • Sediment loading to planted zones • Sediment run-off • Light regime Construction/Existing Conditions • Anomalous subsurface conditions: ie. foundations • High water table • Low permeability soils/fill • Contamination of future planted zones, soil disposal Vandalism/Mis-use • Illegal dumping • Plant theft • Trampling

GREENWAY RESILIENCY BARRIER TYPOLOGIES

Introduction

In many towns and cities across the globe, flood protection systems are being reinforced or raised due to sea level rise and increasingly strong storm surges. Often, flood defense in urban areas consist of sheer walls due to the lack of space. If there is enough space, flood protection lines can consists of dikes or levees that are often earthen embankments; they can constitute dynamic landscape features with powerful ecological design potentials. Although engineering challenges are recognized in creating preliminary Greenway barrier designs, landscape potentials to improve public amenities, manage stormwater and create habitat have been explored. The Greenway barrier designs on the following pages have been conceptually grouped by space availability: narrow, moderately wide and wide width conditions. These typologies are intended to offer conceptual design guidelines that address important considerations of waterfront barrier systems. Note: the exact barrier details will depend on specific site conditions and limitations. The barrier typologies categorized for “narrow conditions” (15-25 ft.) will have include structural erosion control; structural lattice or sheet piling for example. Typologies for “moderately wide conditions” (30-40 ft.) can potentially accommodate gradual vegetated slopes and stairs for seating and access. Lastly, and the most desirable, is barrier typologies for “wide conditions” (50 + ft.) where a variety of ecological, cultural and economic functions could emerge. Barriers for “wide conditions” can furnish a variety of ecological functions such as constructed wetlands and rain gardens. Additionally, Greenway barrier typologies within wide urban conditions have the potential to become important conduits for stormwater collection, ecological restoration, public enjoyment and commercial activity.

Structural • • • • •

In order to determine the best option for structurally supporting the barrier, geo-technical site information is needed. This especially plays a role when considering barriers with steeper slopes. In addition, the level of required erosion control will depend on the degree of site exposure to marine waters. The exact structural details of the barrier will be determined by the specialized engineer tasked with the complete barrier design, as well as the available budget for the construction. Before any cost estimating can be done, soil borings must be performed to determine the bearing capacity of the land forms below. The range of possible civil engineering interventions include: structural pilings, sheet pilings, excavation and fill, poured concrete retaining walls, etc. Wave action to different sites specifically will alter the structural needs of the barrier given its location. The use of structural lattice, gabions, or willow stakes depends on many factors such as geo-technical requirements and budget. Gabions have a lifespan of 20-30 years, so they may have to be replaced in the long term. Willow stakes are typically used along freshwater streams, and may not be appropriate as a shoreline barrier. Sheer or vertical walls are also feasible where space is most limited. Typical techniques in this application involve use of sheet pilings, which offer very little or no habitat value. On the land-side, sheer walls could be proposed that receive or support plantings.

Barrier Typology Considerations

(Maximization of green infrastructure opportunity, habitat value and structural feasibility) • • •

• • • • • •

The shallower the side-slope, the better for planting mediums. The plantings on the water side are susceptible to a variety of issues: garbage/debris collection from high tides, salt inundation, lack of maintenance. A pipe that goes through the barrier that allows stormwater to flow to the surface water is a good opportunity for stormwater management, releasing stormwater slowly toward the sea-side. This pipe would be controlled with check valves to prevent the higher salinity surface water from reaching the plantings on the land side. The precise spacing and sizing of these pipes will have to be determined based on specific conditions. Any stairs or public access points to the barrier will be determined by location of the barrier along the street. Rip-rap can serve as erosion control but cannot be used alone as a storm surge barrier. Techniques for integrating habitat niches within rip-rap slopes can be applied. Stairs along the water side are a great option for public access. Public amenities and increased habitat value can be combined by using hard risers and intermittent planted runs. Flood tolerant plantings, furniture and paving materials such as boardwalks, stairs, paths and plazas should be considered. Boulders and stepping stones which rise above the mean water level allow visitors to experience the water at certain times of the year, creating an ephemeral connection with the river’s edge. All Greenway barrier designs should consider aesthetic qualities that respond to high and low water levels as well as all season use.Artful lighting designs can contribute to a very pleasing environment for cyclist and pedestrians. Consider lighting designs to be sensitive to wildlife functions and resilient to water inundation.

Vegetated riparian terracing as storm protection system with overlook platforms and access boardwalks. Precedent: Shanghai Houtan Park: Landscape as a Living System Shanghai, China (Image Source: http://www.asla.org/2010awards/006.html)

GREENWAY RESILIENCY BARRIER TYPOLOGIES: WIDE CONDITIONS

Bermed flood barrier (habitat creation)

Vegetated rain garden (rainfall catchment conveyance) Native plants

Potential storm surge water level

Stormwater flow direction Sidewalk

Greenway

Outflow Oyster habitat

CONCEPTUAL BARRIER TYPOLOGY WITH VEGETATED RAIN GARDEN, TERRACED LANDSCAPE, OPEN SPACE AND INCREASED WATERFRONT HABITAT POTENTIAL. This typology is achievable where wide conditions exist along the waterfront. This example shows the potential for continuous vegetated rain gardens to manage upland stormwater runoff. Attractive vegetated terracing can increase habitat function and could capture and treat a large amount of rainfall.

Receiving water body

GREENWAY RESILIENCY BARRIER TYPOLOGIES: WIDE CONDITIONS Vegetated swale (rainfall catchment conveyance)

Potential commercial/retail space (increased public amenities, economic value) Seasonal Public Space

Constructed wetland (habitat creation)

View

Potential storm surge water level

Pedestrian crossing

Stormwater flow direction Sidewalk

Temporary flood defense walls allow year round access to the waterfront and provide protection during storm events. Precedent: Parque Del Agua River: Ebro - Zaragoza, Spain Image Source: Prominki

Greenway

Outflow

CONCEPTUAL BARRIER TYPOLOGY WITH VEGETATED SWALE, COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY, PUBLIC PLAZA SPACE AND CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS

Oyster habitat

This typology is achievable where wide conditions exist along the waterfront. This example shows the potential for commercial activity to be embedded into the Greenway structure. This condition allows for stormwater management installations and public access to the waterfront.

Receiving water body

Structural Levee Wall

Salvaged Bulkhead Berm (habitat creation)

Vegetated terracing provides storm protection and opportunities to interact with the waterfront. Sculptural art has been integrated into the terraced staircase. Precedent: Green Ring River: Neckar - Ladenburg, Germany Image Source: Prominki

Vegetated rain garden (rainfall catchment conveyance) Potential storm surge water level Native planting

Stormwater flow direction Sidewalk

A large stepped storm barrier creates an urban plaza for public gathering while remaining a working waterfront. Precedent: IJsselkade Residential Area River: IJssel - Doesburg, Netherlands Image Source: Prominki

Greenway

Outflow

CONCEPTUAL BARRIER TYPOLOGY WITH VEGETATED RAIN GARDEN AND NATURAL WATERFRONT EDGE This typology is achievable where wide conditions exist along the waterfront. This example shows the potential for larger stormwater management installations such as continuous vegetated rain gardens to manage upland stormwater run-off. On the water side a natural edge, constructed or preserved depending on context, could enhance aquatic habitat functions, slow tidal surges and provide an aesthetically beautiful view of the shoreline.

Receiving water body

GREENWAY RESILIENCY BARRIER TYPOLOGIES: MODERATELY WIDE CONDITIONS Vegetated swale (rainfall catchment conveyance)

Vegetated seawall

Potential storm surge water level

Pedestrian crossing

Maintenance setback Stormwater flow direction Sidewalk

Greenway

Outflow

CONCEPTUAL BARRIER TYPOLOGY WITH VEGETATED SWALE AND PUBLIC GATHERING SPACE This typology is achievable where moderately wide conditions are available. It proposes vegetated swale installations on the land side of the barrier to manage upland stormwater run-off. This typology can also accommodate public plaza space, stairs and seating for gathering. On the waterfront side, the structural face of the levee can house a green wall system to encourage habitat functions at the waterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s edge.

Receiving water body

Vegetated levee wall Landscape plantings

Vegetated swale (rainfall catchment conveyance)

Potential storm surge water level

ess to R iv Acc

tings lan

e d Tol rant

Waterfront landscape plantings (habitat creation)

Stormwater flow direction

Sidewalk

E An earthen berm storm barrier serves as a bike and pedestrian route with access ramps to the lower level waterfront edge. Precedent: Parque Del Agua River: Ebro - Zaragoza, Spain Image Source: Prominki

Greenway

CONCEPTUAL BARRIER TYPOLOGY WITH VEGETATED SWALE, GREEN WALL AND LANDSCAPED OPEN SPACE This typology is achievable where moderately wide conditions are available. It proposes vegetated swale installations on the land side of the barrier to manage upland stormwater run-off and a vegetated structural wall. This typology can also accommodate green space for habitat restoration and/or public leisure.

Outflow

Oyster habitat

Receiving water body

GREENWAY RESILIENCY BARRIER TYPOLOGIES: NARROW CONDITIONS Artistic Li

ng hti

g in

Public Sea t

This protective system divides the waterfront edge into an upper level behind a decorative retaining wall and a lower terrace, which can be flooded. Precedent: Flood Management Concept River: Main - Miltonburg, Germany Image Source: Prominki

A series of large boardwalks and promenades are elevated and constructed on an existing bulkhead to create open spaces with playgrounds, restaurants, and programmed public gathering areas. The lower level promenade, located under the boardwalk shown above, is inundated by seasonal flooding. Precedent: Berges du Rhone River: Rhone - Lyon, France Image Source: Prominki

Vegetated gabion wall Potential storm surge water level

Surface channel (rainfall catchment conveyance)

Vegetated structural lattice Vegetated swale (rainfall catchment conveyance)

Seasonal Public Space Potential storm surge water level

Stormwater flow direction

Sidewalk

A planted retaining wall using reinforced concrete stacks can be found on the inter-urban Greenway trail in the Pacific Northwest, United States. Precedent: Bellingham Greenway Trail at Arroyo Park (Image Source: www.bellinghamgreenroofs.com/case-studies)

Greenway

Outflow

Sidewalk Greenway Oyster habitat G

CONCEPTUAL BARRIER TYPOLOGY WITH SURFACE STORMWATER CHANNEL AND VEGETATED LEVEE WALL This typology is appropriate where only narrow conditions are available. It suggests a surface channel on the land side of the levee to manage upland stormwater run-off and a vegetated green wall system on the face of the structural wall.

Receiving water body

Outflow Oyster habitat

CONCEPTUAL BARRIER TYPOLOGY WITH VEGETATED SWALE AND VEGETATED STRUCTURAL LATTICE This typology is appropriate where only narrow conditions are available. It suggests vegetated swales on the land side of the levee to manage upland stormwater run-off and a vegetated structural lattice system applied to the face of the levee structure to encourage plant growth.

Receiving water body

GREENWAY RESILIENCY BARRIER TYPOLOGIES: NARROW CONDITIONS

Temporary flood defense barrier being constructed. Precedent: Bewdley, Worcestershire River: Severn - United Kingdom (Image Source: www.boxbarrier.com)

Temporary flood defense wall during storm surge event. Precedent: Bewdley, Worcestershire River: Severn - United Kingdom (Image Source: www.boxbarrier.com)

Deployable Greenway railing transforms into flood protection wall

Surface channel (rainfall catchment conveyance)

Temporary flood defense wall attached to permanent waterfront railing and pillar system. Precedent: Modern Woodmen Park River: Mississippi - Davenport, Iowa (Image Source: www.ibsengineeredproducts.com)

Temporary flood protection employed just before time of storm event

Vegetated swale (rainfall catchment conveyance)

Potential storm surge water level The Greenway railing is designed to deploy and serve as a protection wall during storm events

Stormwater flow direction

Sidewalk H

Greenway

CONCEPTUAL BARRIER TYPOLOGY WITH SURFACE STORMWATER CHANNEL AND TEMPORARY FLOOD PROTECTION SYSTEM This typology is appropriate where only narrow conditions are available. It suggests a railing system at the edge of the Greenway that can be engaged and transformed into a structural flood protection wall during potential storm events.

Potential storm surge water level Temporary flood walls attach (as a modular system) to the permanent greenway railing during storm events.

Stormwater flow direction

Outflow

Sidewalk Oyster habitat

Receiving water body

Greenway

CONCEPTUAL BARRIER TYPOLOGY WITH VEGETATED STORMWATER SWALE AND TEMPORARY FLOOD PROTECTION SYSTEM This typology is appropriate where only narrow conditions are available. It suggests the use of a modular employable/deployable flood protection wall system designed to attach to permanent waterfront railing systems or other site infrastructure.

Outflow Oyster habitat

Receiving water body

GREENWAY RESILIENCY BARRIER TYPOLOGIES: ADDITIONAL CASE STUDIES The precedents below show examples of how a waterfront barrier can be designed as a multi-faceted and high-performance piece of urban infrastructure. The Brooklyn Greenway, as a bike and pedestrian route, can contribute much more than only access. As a storm surge barrier it can contribute to vital ecological functions and become an important public amenityâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;allowing city dwellers to access the waterfront while providing nearby residents adequate flood protection during storm events. (Image Sources: Prominki)

A variety of garden-like promenades speckle this waterfront. The upper terrace is accessible year round while lower levels become submerged in storm events. Precedent: Berges du Rhone River: Rhone - Lyon, France

ent Board erg

rsible Fu r

e tur ni

e bm

This riverside area has been divided into two levels. The existing promenade has been retrofitted with a 1meter high embankment wall that also serves as a parapet for site lighting. The second (lower level) terrace is built just above the mean water level at the waterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s edge. Precedent: Quai des Gondoles River: Seine - Choisy-le-Roi, France

Along with renewed public waterfront access and double-tiered promenades this design incorporates ecological upgrading of the Seine river. The creation and restoration of riparian shores contributed to increased habitat functions. Precedent: Quai des Gondoles River: Seine - Choisy-le-Roi, France

Fl Wide public embankment promenades have been designed at three different levels with the highest being 4.5m above sea level. Precedent: Hafen City River: Elbe - Hamburg, Germany

This project utilizes a historic riverfront mill site to mitigate flood inundation. In the sections between former canal walls (once used for the mills production efforts) wave-like terraces have been built into the terrain as a defense mechanism. Precedent: Factory by the Water River: Limmat - Zurich, Switzerland

e d Tol rant P

tings lan

This waterfront protection strategy provides access to the water using a path system parallel to the river. Catwalks, balconies and direct routes have been delineated to serve a variety of functions including: connecting open spaces, providing views, and enabling direct interaction with the water. Precedent: Wuppertal 90 degrees River: Wupper - Wuppertal, Germany 26

GREENWAY RESILIENCY BARRIER TYPOLOGIES Applicable Brooklyn Locations Potential locations along Brooklynâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s waterfront where a Greenway barrier may be applicable:

Wide Conditions

Commercial St. at Newtown Barge Playground GREENPOINT

Kent Ave. at Bushwick Inlet Park WILLIAMSBURG

Brooklyn Bridge Park Greenway BROOKLYN HEIGHTS

2nd Ave. between 29th and 36th at Industry City SUNSET PARK

Marginal St. at Marginal St. Piers and Industry City SUNSET PARK

Moderately Wide Conditions

Halleck St. at Red Hook Park RED HOOK

Marginal St. at Marginal St. Piers and Industry City SUNSET PARK

First Ave. between 43rd and 51st St. SUNSET PARK

Ferris St. at Louis Valentino Jr. Park and Canover St. at Pier 44 Waterfront Garden RED HOOK

Narrow Conditions

Beard St. Between Van Brunt and Dwight St. - RED HOOK

Ferris St. between Van Dyke and King St. - RED HOOK

Hamilton Ave. at Smith St. - GOWANUS

West St. - GREENPOINT

DESIGN CASE STUDY- RED HOOK

Context

Red Hook experienced extensive damage from Superstorm Sandy and much of the neighborhood is within the 100 year floodplain. Additionally, Red Hook also experiences flooding and frequent combined sewer overflows due to inadequate and aging stormwater management systems. In addition to the data available for Red Hook, our team is following other developments and projects related to postSandy recovery and planning efforts. On January 22nd, the design team presented our conceptual proposals to the New York Rising Committee. There is support for our project in Red Hook and the team will continue to follow other developments by The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, including a stormwater modeling project and by other consultants working as part of the Rebuild By Design Initiatives.

SE +5.9

RED HOOK : EXISTING CONDITIONS—SOIL AND WATER ANALYSIS

GW -0.6

6.5 ft. below surface

SE +8.7

GW -3.0

11.7 ft. below surface

SE +6.6

Narrow right of way

Adjacent to public street end

GW -5.9

12.5 ft. below surface

SE +4.8

GW -3.0

LEGEND

Adjacent to open space

Adjacent to waterfront

Adjacent to private land

SOIL BORING

-2

7.8 ft. below surface

Top Soil

Segment

SE - Surface Elevation

Medium / Medium to Coarse Sand

Greenway Route

GE - Ground water Elevation

Fine / Fine to Medium Sand

Superstorm Sandy Surge

Concrete / Cobblestone + Asphalt

Very Fine Sand

100-year Flood Zones (FEMA)

Gravel / Boulders

Organic Matter

Combined Sewage Outfalls (CSOs)

Fill

Ground Water Note: “Ground Water Elevation” is at time of measurement

O K LY N B

DESIGN CASE STUDY- RED HOOK

A T T

R A H

M M O

-4 -2 0

LA Y

-6 ST

VA N

AR CH RI

8 MIL

LS T

10 YK

RAIN

SIG

6 KS

LOR

HIC

BUS

8 ST

OTS

CRE

8 ST

VA N

ST R VE

10 RE

BIA LUM

Adjacent to waterfront

10 YK

TA TI

IV AN

S RI R

VA N

Adjacent to private land

Narrow right of way

12 B I A M

BAY 6

L U

K ST

HALLEC

CLIN TON

HA 1 LL2E C

14 KS T

10 B

Truck Route Water Mains 10

14 6

City-Owned Property Road Striping

Loading Docks Trees 6

Y A

S T

LEGEND Adjacent Segment Segment

CO LU M

BIA

Adjacent to public street end

Adjacent to open space

Y E R

Red Hook is characterized by a diversity of land-uses including big box retail mixing with recreational fields, small-scale residential, and active maritime uses. Red Hook also contains the largest public housing development in Brooklyn. We identified five different conditions along the Greenway route in Red Hook. Red Hook is unique in that the Greenway follows along the waterfront at two different stretches. Once along Beard street and second, within the Recreational ball fields. We have proposed two alternative designs. The second proposal explores the idea that the elevated Greenway could run along the waterfront throughout much of Red Hook, providing maximum protection from future storm surges and wave damage. Specific stormwater / green infrastructure strategies that we recommend include ROW bio-swales along sidewalks that are greater than 10 feet in width, rain gardens within stripped and traffic triangles and within public parks, larger vegetated swales within public parks, and wetlands along waterfront parks. Additionally, the Greenway is elevated where possible to connect with other protection strategies to become part of a contiguous protective barrier.

100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) 2â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Contour 8

RED HOOK MASTER PLAN DESIGN - ALT 1

LA Y

ST .

Rain garden

Wetland/wavebreak

ST .

A ST .

ST .

COL U

Pier 4 Waterfront Museum

DY KE

Coffey Park

VA N

CO F

M AN

ST .

MBI

OL CO T

OV CO N

ST .

IVA

ST .

IS RR FE 2

Valentino Park

Right of way bio-swale

PIO

VA N

ST .

Fairway Garden

OST

EGO

ST.

Red H Com ook Farm munity s

Ikea

sin

Pa r

Right of way bio-swale

R Rec ed Hoo reat ion k Cen ter

FERRY 1

Right of way bio-swale

Brooklyn Greenway Stormwater conveyance at grade Stormwater conveyance below grade Directional flow of surface water

Resiliency barrier

DOT Master Plan preferred route alternative

Stormwater Big Moves 1

Moving Water Across the Street

Conveying Water to the Receiving Water Body

Green Infrastructure Typologies 3

Moving Water from Private to Public Land or from Public to Private

Wetland/wavebreak Rain garden Resiliency barrier

Surface channel Right of way bio-swale

1” = 500’

RED HOOK MASTER PLAN DESIGN - ALT 2

IM LA Y

Rain garden

ST .

ST.

Right of way bio-swale

ST .

EXW

OST

EGO

N WA

ST.

2 Fairway Garden

COL UMB IA

Pier 4 Waterfront Museum

DY KE

ST .

VA N

ST .

DW IG HT

CO F

M AN

OL CO T

OV CO N DI

ST .

IVA

ST .

Resiliency barrier ST .

AR D

Valentino Park

VA N

FE RR

ST .

PIO

UN T

ST .

HA TO MIL V NA

Red Hook Community Farms

IKEA FERRY

Right of way bio-swale

2 1

Surface channel

Wetland/wavebreak

PR O EX SPE W CT Y AV

W AN

Resiliency barrier

Brooklyn Greenway Stormwater conveyance at grade Stormwater conveyance below grade Directional ow of surface water

Stormwater Big Moves 1

Moving Water Accross the Street

Conveying Water to the Receiving Water Body

Green Infrastructure Typologies Wetland/wavebreak Rain garden Resiliency barrier

Surface channel Right of way bio-swale

1” = 500’

RED HOOK WATER MANAGEMENT CALCULATIONS Proposed green infrastructure interventions for the Red Hook Master Plan Alt. 1 design has the capacity to capture 5,069,000 gallons of stormwater run-off annually with 10,300 sq. ft. of green infrastructure. This matrix is based on our methodology’s “Tier 1” goal to capture and treat 100% of the first one inch of rainfall within the Greenway ROW (adjacent to or containing the Greenway, measured from building to building). The chart below shows the area of impervious surface of the Greenway footprint along six public streets in Red Hook. This area has then been used to calculate how much area of green infrastructure is needed to manage 100 % of the first 1 inch of rainfall that reaches this watershed in a given storm.

Red Hook Greenway Segments 8,9 & 10

Ferris St. between Sullivan and Van Dyke Van Dyke St. between Ferris and Canover Conover St. between Van Dyke and Beard Beard St. between Conover and Dwight Beard St. between Dwight and Columbia (Bike Lane only) Halleck St. between Columbia and Court

Total ROW area (ft^2) Total green infrastructure area proposed (ft^2) Total Managed Volume 1-‐inch Storm Event (gal) Total Managed Volume Annual 85% (gal)

ROW Area (ft^2) (Assume all impervious)

Area of green infrastructure proposed (ft^2) -‐ See Note 1

Managed Volume 1-‐inch Storm Event (gal)

Managed Volume Annual 85% (gal) -‐ See Note 2

40,644 20,017 10,652 54,439 11,991 70,227

2,000 1,000 500 2,700 600 3,500

25,335 12,477 6,640 33,934 7,474 43,775

990,589 487,861 259,614 1,326,805 292,249 1,711,596

207,970

10,300

Note 1: Assumes 20:1 ratio of impervious area to GI

129,635

5,068,714 Note 2: Assumes 46 inches of annual rainfall.

Moving water across the street

5’ x 20’ Bulb-out (typ) 5’ x 20’ Bio-swale (typ)

Canover Street

Parking Lot

Van Dyke Street

CORNELL PAPER AND BOX CO.

Coffey Street

Dikeman Street

21ST AVE. TRANSPORTATION

Wolcott Street

Loading dock location

Conveying Water to the Receiving Water Body

Outflow to River

Waterfront Garden and Museum

Wave Attenuation/ Habitat Creation

Liberty Warehouse Pier 41 Assoc. LIBERTY TRANSIT

10’

Outflow to park

Greenway

28’ 15’ 10’

Ferris Street

ER Y

Outflow into park (channel)

TY ER USE B LI O E EH TH AR W

S E’ EV

TIME SHRED SERVICES

Valentino Park

M LI PI ES

Vegetated channel Overflow through proposed development

Outflow to River

Plan A - Ferris Street to Beard Street Proposed

Scale: 1”=110’ Note: Alternative 1 Design

Improved Public Amenities Wetland/Wavebreak

Flow direction of water run-off

Vehicular traffic flow direction

Outflow direction of water to receiving waterbody

Direction of high level storm sewer flow

Location

Flow direction of water through conveyance structure TBD

Bicycle Route

Ground Water below Surface

6.5’

Discharge through Park (conveyance structure TBD)

Existing Building

Section A - Ferris Street Proposed Looking South Scale: 1”=10’

+/- 10’

24’

Sidewalk

Two-Way Driving Lanes

5’

10’

Greenway Bio-swale With Sealed Bottom (no infiltration) *

10’ Sidewalk

Valentino Park

* High Ground Water Level = Sealed Bio-swale (no infiltration)

Moving Water Across the Street

852’ in length Resiliency Barrier

5’ x 20’ Bio-swale (typ)

Van Dyke Street

Dwight Street

Van Brunt Street 5’ x 20’ Bio-swale (typ)

Red Hook Cold Storage 15’ 38’

Beard Street

10’ 20’

Ramp

Ikea Parking

Richards Street

Inflight Supplies and Services

Outflow to Erie Basin

Location Outflow direction of water to receiving waterbody

Plan B - Beard Street Proposed Scale: 1”=110’ Note: Alternative 1 Design

Outflow to Erie Basin

Improved Public Amenities

Flow direction of water through conveyance structure TBD

Flow direction of water run-off Vehicular traffic flow direction

Oyster Habitat Conveying Water to the Receiving Water Body

Infiltration Bicycle Route

Improved Public Amenities

Living Wall

Waterfront

Coastal Protection

Ground Water below Surface

Pipe overflow to receiving waterbody

8’

15’ Existing Building

Sidewalk

5’ Bio-swale

8’ Parking

38’

8’

Two-Way Driving Lanes

Parking

5’

6’

Rain Garden Terraced Landscape

20’ Greenway Resiliency Barrier

Industrial Pier

Section B - Beard Street Proposed Looking East Scale: 1”=10’

Moving Water Across the Street

Location

Baseball Fields

5’ x 20’ Bulb-out (typ)

Red Hook Swimming Pool

5’ x 20’ Bio-swale (typ)

Red Hook Recreation Center

Columbia Street

Rain Garden Terraced Landscape

Continuous Bio-swale

Outflow to RainGarden

Conveying Water to the Receiving Water Body

Outflow to Gowanus Bay

Baseball Fields

Oyster Habitat H

Columbia Street

Plan C - Halleck Street Proposed

Greenway

Outflow to RainGarden Ramp

Scale: 1”=110’ Note: Alternative 1 Design

Opportunity to convey storm water run-off through Park to green infrastructure at Greenway

Red Hook Comm. Farms

Red Hook Park

Soccer Field

Clinton Street

Bay Street

Flow direction of water run-off Improved Public Amenities/ Coastal Protection

Outflow direction of water to receiving waterbody

Vehicular traffic flow direction Direction of high level storm sewer flow

Flow direction of water through conveyance structure TBD

Bicycle Route

Improved Public Amenities

Coastal Protection

C 100 yr. Flood Water Level Discharge

Pipe overflow to receiving waterbody

10’ Mean Water Level *Bathymetry unknown

6’ Red Hook Park

Section C - Halleck Street Proposed Looking South-East Scale: 1”=10’

Rain Garden

13’ Vegetated Landscape (stabilized slope)

15’

5’

10’ Bikeway

Pedestrian Walk

30’ Greenway/Resiliency Barrier

10’

6’

Vegetated Rain Garden Landscape (stabilized slope) Oyster Habitat

Gowanus Bay

DESIGN CASE STUDY- SUNSET PARK The Greenway travels mostly through industrial land use in Sunset Park. This stretch is particularly unique in that much of the land ownership is by one or two developers and a long stretch of the Greenway passes along the waterfront. Sunset Park has many opportunities to demonstrate how the Greenway can be an elevated barrier and serve as storm surge protection SE +9.3

while also improving the quality of life for those working and commuting to and from Sunset Park. Our team will continue to be in touch with the developers of Industry City to collaborate in creating a Greenway that meets all of their needs while providing an infrastructural amenity for the entire district.

Context +6

SUNSET PARK : EXISTING CONDITIONS—SOIL AND WATER ANALYSIS

M AR GI N

GE +0.6

8.7 ft. below surface EX

+12

W AN

SE +12.2

Adjacent to public street end

+10

GREENWOOD

GE -1.0 13.2 ft. below surface SE +11.4

SE +14.6

+10

+12 +8 +10 +6 +8

Adjacent to elevated roadway

Adjacent to private land

GE -0.1

GE +5.1

11.5 ft. below surface

9.5 ft. below surface SUNSET PARK

SE +20.0

SE +21.6 +20

+18

+16

+14

+12

G E +1.9

GE -2.48 24.08 ft. below surface

Adjacent to waterfront

Wide right of way

LEGEND

18.1 ft. below surface SOIL BORING

Top Soil

Segment

SE - Surface Elevation

Medium / Medium to Coarse Sand

Greenway Route

GE - Ground water Elevation

Fine / Fine to Medium Sand

Superstorm Sandy Surge

Concrete / Cobblestone + Asphalt

Very Fine Sand

100-year Flood Zones (FEMA)

Gravel / Boulders

Organic Matter

Combined Sewage Outfalls (CSOs

Fill

Ground Water Note: “Ground Water Elevation” is at time of measurement

DESIGN CASE STUDY- SUNSET PARK We identified five different conditions along the Greenway in Sunset Park with the opportunity to integrate four different GI design typologies, including ROW bio-swales along 2nd Avenue, rain gardens down the center of 29th Street, and wetlands along Marginal Street. In addition, we have proposed two different design alternatives for an elevated Greenway along Marginal Street. One alternative shows the elevated barrier hugging the existing bulkhead. The second alternative is a more ambitious proposal where the Greenway is integrated into a large park-like space, with fingers of constructed wetlands, boardwalks and kayak launches for visitors. 27

Adjacent to waterfront

EX US Y W EX W AN

Wide right of way

Adjacent to private land

W AN

ST ST

V LE

Adjacent to public street end Adjacent to elevated roadway

GO W AN

LEGEND Adjacent Segment Segment

City-Owned Property Road Striping

Truck Route Water Mains

Loading Docks Trees

100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) 2â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Contour

SUNSET PARK MASTER PLAN DESIGN 2

Rain garden 1

AV EN UE

Surface channel

st.

2N D

NU AV E

E NU

st.

Alt 2

Alt 1

AV E 4T

US WA N

st.

Right of way bio-swale

st.

Resiliency barrier

rd s

st.

FERRY

Rain garden

transit utilities no land-use assigned

st.

parking

Co s

st.

tco

AV E

st.

AV E

Wetland/wavebreak

TA VE

Tra c

GREENWOOD CEMETERY

WA N

BUSH TERMINAL PIERS PARK

AV EN

Rain garden

Surface channel

Brooklyn Greenway Stormwater Conveyance At-Grade Stormwater Conveyance Below-Grade

AV EN

4T H

Right of way bio-swale

Stormwater Big Moves

Green Infrastructure Typologies

Moving Water Across the Street

Conveying Water to the Receiving Water Body

Moving Water from Private to Public Land or from Public to Private Conveying Water from an Elevated Structure to the Ground

Wetland/wavebreak Rain garden Resiliency barrier

Surface channel Right of way bio-swale

1” = 500’

SUNSET PARK WATER MANAGEMENT CALCULATIONS Proposed green infrastructure interventions for the Sunset Park Master Plan Alt. 1 design has the capacity to capture 11,738,000 gallons of stormwater run-off annually with 24,100sq. ft. of green infrastructure. This matrix is based on our methodology’s “Tier 1” goal to capture and treat 100% of the first one inch of rainfall within the Greenway ROW (adjacent to or containing the Greenway, measured from building to building). The chart below shows the area of impervious surface of the Greenway footprint along four public streets in Sunset Park. This area has then been used to calculate how much area of green infrastructure is needed to manage 100% of the first 1 inch of rainfall that reaches this watershed in a given storm.

Sunset Park Greenway Segments 12,13 & 14

3rd Avenue between 28th and 29th Streets (A) 29th Street between 3rd Avenue and 2nd Avenue 2nd Avenue from 29th Street and 36th Street Marginal Avenue Alt 1 from 39th Street to 44th Street

Total ROW area (ft^2) Total green infrastructure area proposed (ft^2) Total management volume of GI proposed (gal) Total annual volume managed (gal/yr)

Area of green Managed Volume 1-‐inch ROW Area (ft^2) (Assume all infrastructure proposed Storm Event (gal) impervious) (ft^2) -‐ See Note 1

16,598 83,830 301,107 80,093

800 4,200 15,100 4,000

481628

10,346 52,254 187,690 49,925

24,100

Note 1: Assumes 20:1 ratio of impervious area to GI

Managed Volume Annual 85% (gal) -‐ See Note 2

404,532 2,043,133 7,338,680 1,952,053

300,215

11,738,398 Note 2: Assumes 46 inches of annual rainfall.

Conveying Water to the Receiving Water Body

Moving Water form an Elevated Structure ot the Ground

Moving Water Across the Street

5’ Bio-swale (typ)

73’

GOWANUS EXPRESSWAY

Sidewalk Greenway

20’ 15’

Outflow to River

29th Street

High Level Storm Sewer

Parking 10’

To Waterfront and Sims Recycling Facility Ramp

5’ x 20’ Bio-swale (typ)

METROPOLITAN DETENTION CENTER

FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS

22’ Bio-swale (typ) 5’ Bulb-out (typ)

ST AL IN RG

TELEPORT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP

W AN

2nd Avenue

Scale: 1”=100’

Parking Lot

Plan A - 29th Street Proposed

Greenway/Resiliency Barrier

RR Track

30th Street

GREENWOOD

SUNSET PARK

Outflow direction of water to receiving waterbody

Vehicular traffic flow direction

Flow direction of water through conveyance structure TBD

Direction of high level storm sewer flow

Location

Habitat Creation

Ground Water below Surface

Infiltration

Bicycle Route

9’

10’ Sidewalk

16’ Diagonal Parking

17’ One-way Driving Lane

10’ Bio-swale

14’ Driving Lane

16’ Diagonal Parking

5’

10’ Bike Lane

20’ Sidewalk

Bio-swale

Section A - 29th Street Proposed Looking West Scale: 1”=10’

Moving Water Across the Street

32nd Street

31st Street

30th Street

29th Street 20’ 15’

10’

73’

METROPOLITAN DETENTION CENTER

INDUSTRY CITY

TELEPORT COMMUNICATIONS GROUP

10’ Bio-swale (typ) 5’ x 20’ Bulb-out (typ) 5’ x 20’ Bio-swale (typ)

5’ x 20’ Bio-swale (typ)

15’ 56’

2nd Avenue

15’

Greenway/Resiliency Barrier

RR Track GO

W AN

22’ Bio-swale (typ)

Moving Water from Public to Private Land

22’ 16’

High Level Storm Sewer

Conveying Water to the Receiving Water Body

Ramp

56’

Parking Lot

To Waterfront and Sims Recycling Facility

GREENWOOD

H SUNSET PARK

Outflow to River

Plan B - 2nd Avenue Proposed Scale: 1”=100’

Photos of deployable flood barriers for entrances and other gaps in a flood barrier. (Image Sources: ekofloodusa.com)

SOUTH BROOKLYN MARINE TERMINAL

Location Outflow direction of water to receiving waterbody

Vehicular traffic flow direction

Flow direction of water through conveyance structure TBD

Direction of high level storm sewer flow

Lease Line

Property Line

Improved Public Amenities

Infiltration Habitat Creation

Bicycle Route

+17’ ASL +8’ ASL

Ground Water below Surface

Pipe overflow to receiving waterbody

9’

Living Wall

10’

5’

Sidewalk Bio-swale

16’ Parking

24’ Driving Lane

16’ Parking

5’ Bio-swale

10’ Sidewalk

18’ Parking

179’

20’

18’

Driving Lane

Parking

10’

12’

16’

Greenway/ Vegetated Storm Barrier Landscape (stabilized slope)

Rain Garden

FreightLine

Proposed Public Right-of-way

Section B - 2nd Avenue Proposed Looking South Scale: 1”=16’

W AN

M AR GI

NA L

Location

GREENWOOD

SUNSET PARK

Elevated Greenway/ Resiliency barrier

Living wall

Moving Water Across the Street

Rain Garden

Bio-swale

Rain Garden

Parking Lot

2nd Avenue

Bio-swale

Ramp to Greenway

Bicycle route

29th Str

eet

Birds Eye View - Green Infrastructure and Climate Change Resiliency The Greenway at 29th Street and 2nd Avenue - Sunset Park

Moving Water Across the Street

Conveying Water to the Receiving Water Body

Improved Public Amenities

Moving Water Across the Street

East River

Dilapidated Pier

Dilapidated Pier Dilapidated Pier

Outflow to River

37’

Outflow to River

18’ 15’

Greenway/Resiliency Barrier

Marginal St.

10’

MR. FRANABAR INC. CORRECTIONS & REWORKS

Proposed Ferry Terminal

Outflow to River

5’ x 20’ Bio-swale (typ)

NYSKETCHES EVENT ENTERTAINMENT

5’ x 20’ Bulb-out (typ)

W AN

39th Street

42nd Street

43rd Street

GREENWOOD

INDUSTRY CITY NO

Railroad Tracks

SUNSET PARK

RTH

Location

Plan C - Marginal Street Alt.1 Proposed Scale: 1”=110’

Outflow direction of water to receiving waterbody Flow direction of water through conveyance structure TBD

Vehicular traffic flow direction Direction of high level storm sewer flow

Bicycle Route

Improved Public Amenities

Infiltration

+17’ ASL Existing Bulkhead 100 Year Flood Level Ground Water 9’ below Surface

Pipe overflow to receiving waterbody

Mean Water Level

9’ 10’

8’

36’

10’

9’

Sidewalk Parallel Parking

28’ Driving Lane

5’

10’

18’

Sidewalk Greenway/ Resiliency Barrier Bio-swale

East River

79’ Existing Public Right-of-Way

Section C - Marginal Street Alt. 1 Proposed Looking South Scale: 1”=20’

Dilapidated Pier

East River

Public Lawn

Wetland

Public Deck

Public Lawn

Increased Wave Protection

WATERFRONT ACTIVITY CENTER

Improved Public Space

Habitat Creation

Outflow to River 5’ x 20’ Bio-swale (typ)

Outflow to River

15’

Conveying Water to the Receiving Water Body

48’

Moving Water Aross the Street

10’ ST

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

W AN

INDUSTRY CITY

MR. FRANABAR INC. CORRECTIONS & REWORKS

39th Street

RTH

41st Street

42nd Street

43rd Street

5’ x 20’ Bulb-out (typ)

GREENWOOD

SUNSET PARK

Location

Plan D - Marginal Street Alt. 2 (Restored Piers) Proposed Scale: 1”=120’

Outflow direction of water to receiving waterbody

Vehicular traffic flow direction

Flow direction of water through conveyance structure TBD

Direction of high level storm sewer flow

Existing Bulkhead

Property Line

Greenway/Resiliency Barrier+17’ ASL Lawn

Public Deck

20’ 5 x 20’ Bulb-out (typ)

10’ 9’

9’ 5’ 30’ Two-way Sidewalk Driving Lane Bio-swale Parallel Parallel Parking Parking

120’ Public Pier Deck

145’ Constructed Wetland /Wavebreak

Proposed Building

16’

120’ Constructed Wetland /Wavebreak

45’ Public Pier Deck

Public Playing Lawn

Section D - Marginal Street Alt. 2 (Restored Piers) Proposed Looking South Scale: 1”=30’

PART 2 APPENDIX - SEGMENT ANALYSIS CONTENTS P. 55 Segment 1 - Commercial Street P. 59 Segment 2 - West Street P. 63 Segment 3 - Kent Avenue, Franklin Street to Clymer Street P. 69 Segment 4 - Kent Avenue, Clymer Street to Hewes Street P. 73 Segment 5 - Flushing Avenue P. 77 Segment 6 - Navy Street P. 81 Segment 7 - Plymouth Street P. 85 Segment 8 - Ferris Street to Beard Street P. 89 Segment 9 - Columbia Street to Smith Street on Halleck Street P. 93 Segment 10 - Smith Street between Halleck Street and Hamilton Street P. 97 Segment 11 - Smith Street to 29th Street and 3rd Avenue P. 103 Segment 12 - 2nd Avenue between 29th Street and 39th Street P. 107 Segment 13 - 39th Street between 2nd Avenue and the water P. 111 Segment 14 - Marginal Street - 39th Street to 59th Street P. 115 Segment 15 - 2nd Avenue - 58th Street to Shore Parkway

SEGMENT 1- COMMERCIAL ST.

NYC DOT Capital Project Number 1 * Refer to The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Implementation Plan, page 60-71

SE +11.8

OVERVIEW Segment 1 is the northern-most segment of the Brooklyn Greenway. It runs along Commercial Street from Manhattan Avenue to Dupont Street. Commercial Street is primarily light industrial, however, there is considerable open space with one playground and one park currently in design for renovation and another proposed new park. Commercial Street runs parallel to Newtown Creek and provides the sole access for the buildings and sites along the Newtown Creek waterfront. Commercial Street is a priority NYCDOT Greenway capital project in preliminary design. This is an important opportunity to incorporate green infrastructure and design the Greenway to stop flood waters from crossing Commercial Street.

+10

BOX STREE

R ME

CIA

CLAY STREE

Greenpoint Manufacturing Center and Design Center is a neighborhood anchor that provides office and work space for small manufacturing enterprises, artisans and artists. At the west end of Commercial Street is land owned by developer Park Tower Group which plans to build a 10-tower luxury development called Greenpoint Landing.

SS BLVD

GW -3.0

T LS

E MC GUINN

ASH STREE

M CO

The Greenpoint and Williamsburg waterfront was re-zoned from industrial to residential in 2005. The area is transforming from a low density waterfront to a high density residential area of 30-story towers along the water’s edge. These developments are being built above the flood risk elevation.

REET

DUPONT ST

STREET

FREEMAN

N MANHAT TE

FRANKLIN

EE EAGLE STR

STREET

There are seven combined sewer outfalls emptying into Newtown Creek and the East River. Environmental remediation and sustainability are important goals for the Greenpoint community. Flooding from Superstorm Sandy (2012) submerged parts of Segment 1 and the surrounding area.

REET

WEST ST

GREENE ST

REET

HURON ST

SUMMARY OF OPPORTUNITIES • Various of islands and striping as cross streets intersect with Commercial Street offer opportunities for rain gardens.

EET

INDIA STR

T JAVA STREE KENT STREE

• Proposed Box Street Park and Barge Park can provide open space and green infrastructure connectivity

• Wide sidewalks provide opportunity for public ROW bio-swales

REET

INT ST GREENPO LEGEND

SOIL BORING SET- Surface Elevation REE MILTON ST

Segment Superstorm Sandy Surge 100-year Flood Zones (FEMA) Combined Sewage Outfalls (CSOs)

WEST ST

Adjacent Segment

GW - Ground Water Elevation

REET

NOBLE ST

Top Soil Medium / Medium to Coarse Sand Fine / Fine to Medium Sand

Concrete / Cobblestone + Asphalt

Very Fine Sand

Gravel / Boulders

Organic Matter

Fill

Ground Water

Segment 1 sub-watershed map

EXISTING CONDITIONS Segment 1 runs the full length of Commercial Street from Manhattan Avenue to Dupont Street. The area is zoned industrial with large lots and large warehouse structures on both the north and south sides of the street. There are few street trees along Commercial Street but there are large sidewalks on both sides of the street. Because of the industrial land-uses there are also many curb cuts and driveways along commercial street. Striping in the road, public parks and wider than average sidewalks could provide opportunities for green infrastructure.

Geotechnical Analysis Segment 1 slopes down along Commercial Street from Manhattan Avenue (+10.6) to Dupont Street (+8.5). Geotechnical boring records (1962) identify the groundwater level 13 feet below the surface (+11.8) at the intersection of Franklin and Dupont. SEGMENT 1 SIDEWALK WIDTHS ROADWAY WIDTH ROADWAY CONFIGURATION PARKING

15-‐18 FEET ~ 41 FEET 2-‐WAY, 2-‐LANE TRAVEL PARALLEL, BOTH SIDES

SEGMENT 1 RUN-‐OFF VOLUME (ft3)

Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 1+2+3 7,597 14,527 19,319 41,443

NOTE: Calculations are based on the total run-off from the 1 inch storm event (DEP standard)

(Images Source: Google Earth)

2 1

Segment Adjacent Segment

1. NYCDEP water tower

2. View of Barge Park

3. Proposed location for Box Street

4. Ash Street west to Manhattan

SegmentPlan 10 cross section NYC DOT Implementation Greenway Route

Fig. 2: Possible Reconﬁguration for Commercial Street

OPPORTUNITIES

Manhattan Ave Street End Park

ASH ST PA ID MC GUIN

Newtown Barge Playground

• •

R ME

Greenway Condition: NYCDOT Greenway capital project in preliminary design - Large Street Islands Stormwater / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, Rain Gardens Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Heat Island Mitigation, Carbon Sequestration

DUPONT

M CO

D NESS BLV

Large Street Islands •

Future Box Street Park • •

T EAGLE S FREEMAN

•

GREEN ST

Greenway Condition: Adjacent Parks Stormwater / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving, Constructed Wetlands, Rain Gardens Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Heat Island Mitigation, Carbon Sequestration, Habitat Creation

HURON ST

INDIA ST JAVA S T

OIN

P EN

V TA

KENT ST

Transmitter Park

MILTON

T NOBLE S

INN

•

Truck Route Water Mains

Loading Docks Trees BE

N ST FRANKLI

AV NT KE

LVD

•

100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) 2’ Contour

ASSAU AV

N Striping and Wide Sidewalks Stormwater / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, Rain Gardens Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, WY Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Heat Island EX NS RY E R Mitigation, Carbon Sequestration QUE CHE

• Greenway Condition: GREENPOINT

RI M

N ST

Striping and continuous wide sidewalks

T City-Owned Property Road Striping

BIN

B DO

LEGEND Adjacent Segment Segment

ST ER

NK BA

(Images Source: Google Earth)

•

• •

QUAY ST

Newtown Barge Playground

I FF

V NA

TA AT

OAK ST

N LY AV OK E R O K BR E E M

SEGMENT 2- WEST ST.

NYC DOT Capital Projects Numbers 2 & 3 * Refer to The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Implementation Plan, page 60-71 SE +11.8

OVERVIEW Segment 2 runs along West Street, parallel to the East River in Greenpoint, Brooklyn. The land use is currently light industrial along the West side of West Street and residential along the East side of West Street. The Greenway will run from Dupont Street to Quay Street along West Street. This segment is a fully funded NYC capital project that includes a high level storm sewer for the northern half of the segment. High level sewer is planned for the southern half in the future, subject to achieving adequate right of way for the outfall. The high level storm sewer will capture the stormwater from the side streets for one block east of West Street where it is implemented. The West Street sub-watershed reaches two blocks east to Manhattan Avenue.

+10

ASH STREET S ST MCGUINES

+4 BOX STREET

+2 M

M CO

+10

CLAY STRE

REET

SE +10.9

C ER

GW -3.0

REET

DUPONT ST

ET EAGLE STRE

FREEMAN

There are currently three major proposed developments underway along the waterfront including: Greenpoint Landing and 77 Commercial Street.

N STREET

STREET

MANHAT TE

FRANKLIN

STREET

REET

GREENE ST

WES T ST

Flooding from Superstorm Sandy (2012) covered parts of Segment 2 from Eagle Street to India Street and from Oak Street to Quay Street.

REET

HURON ST

GW N/A

INDIA STRE

SE +13.4

SUMMARY OF OPPORTUNITIES • Existing and proposed street-end parks can be connected to green infrastructure interventions along the Greenway

ET JAVA STRE

+12 ET

KENT STRE

+10

STREET EENPOINT

REET

MILTON ST WES T ST

GW +4.9

OAK STRE

TRE

S YER CAL

Dupont

GREENPOINT

Freeman Green Huron

India Java

ess

• Wide sidewalks can accommodate public ROW bio-swales.

Eagle

NEW WEST STREET HIGH LEVEL SEWER CATCHMENT AREA

FUTURE REDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

N AVE

Box

Mc Guinn

OLE

RIGHT OF WAY BIOSWALES

Franklin

SER

Ash

l cia er m m Clay Co

t Wes

SE +10.2 +8

• Proposed adjacent developments can connect into the Greenway’s green infrastructure system.

REET

NOBLE ST

SUSTAINABLE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR WEST STREET SUB-WATERSHED IN GREENPOINT, BROOKLYN

K ent

Greenpoint Ave. (G)

t Greenpoin +4

GW +2.1

Milton

Noble

High Ground Water 8ft below SE

Oak r lye Ca

Top Soil

Segment

SE - Surface Elevation

Medium / Medium to Coarse Sand

Adjacent Segment

GW - Ground Water Elevation

Fine / Fine to Medium Sand

Superstorm Sandy Surge

Concrete / Cobblestone + Asphalt

Very Fine Sand

100-year Flood Zones (FEMA)

Gravel / Boulders

Organic Matter

Combined Sewage Outfalls (CSOs)

Fill

Ground Water

ord

SOIL BORING

Cliff

LEGEND

Segment 2 sub-watershed map

EXISTING CONDITIONS Approximately 0.65 miles in length Geotechnical Analysis The water table is 8’ or more below the ground surface. Fill is predominate soil medium for at least the first 5’ and in some areas there is up to 10’ of fill. SEGMENT 2 SIDEWALK WIDTHS ROADWAY WIDTH ROADWAY CONFIGURATION PARKING

6 4

SEGMENT 2

Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 1+2+3 RUN-‐OFF VOLUME (ft3) 14,415 31,672 45,350 91,438 NOTE: Calculations are based on the total run-off from the 1 inch storm event (DEP standard)

(Images Source: Google Earth)

3 Segment

~15 FEET ~ 31 FEET 2-‐WAY, 2-‐LANE TRAVEL PARALLEL, BOTH SIDES

1. Franklin St. south from Calyer

2. Quay St. east from West St.

3. Calyer St. east from West St.

4. West St. south from Green St.

5. West towards Transmitter Park at West St. and Greenpoint Ave.

6. West St. north from Green St.

Adjacent Segment

NYC DOT Implementation Plan cross section

Fig. 4: Possible Conﬁguration for West Street

OPPORTUNITIES

Manhattan Ave Street End Park

ASH ST PA ID

Playground

M M

DUPONT

• Greenway Condition: Wide sidewalks • Stormwater / Green Infrastructure Techniques: ROW Bio-swales, Porous Paving • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance

Adjacent Proposed Development - various locations

D NESS BLV

Wide continuous sidewalks on west side of West St.

CI ER

MC GUIN

Newtown Barge

• Greenway Condition: Adjacent Proposed Development • Stormwater / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Bioremediation Gardens, Porous Paving, ROW Bioswales, Constructed Wetlands, Storm Barrier • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Wave Break, Flood Prevention

T EAGLE S FREEMAN

GREEN ST HURON ST

INDIA ST JAVA S T E

WEST ST

OIN

P EN

V TA

KENT ST

Transmitter Park

MILTON

T NOBLE S

TA AT

WY EX NS RY E R E E QU C H N LY AV K R OO K E BR E E M

N ST FRANKLI AV

LVD

IME

City-Owned Property Road Striping

N ST

NASSAU

GREENPOINT

BB DO

LEGEND Adjacent Segment Segment

R LO

DP OR

V NA

IFF

(Images Source: Google Earth)

QUAY ST

• Greenway Condition:, Street-end Park • Stormwater / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Rain Gardens, Porous Paving, Constructed Wetlands • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Flood Prevention

INN GU

Transmitter Park: Street End Park

OAK ST

Truck Route Water Mains

Loading Docks Trees

100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) 2’ Contour

SEGMENT 3- KENT AVE., FRANKLIN TO CLYMER STS.

NYC DOT Capital Project Number 4 * Refer to The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Implementation Plan, page 60-71

OVERVIEW Segment 3 is the longest continuous segment and runs along Kent Street, parallel to the East River in Williamsburg and South Williamsburg. NYCDOT has implemented the Greenway on Kent Avenue separated from traffic by a floating parking lane and continuous striped buffer. It is a priority segment for which NYCDOT is pursuing preliminary design of Greenway capital improvements. This is an important opportunity to incorporate green infrastructure in the design of this segment.

VEN EA

ROL

SE ME

IN ST

FRANKL

Bushwick Inlet

AN RM NO

N N

Bushwick Inlet Park

N N N

AV E

N N N

AV NT KE

HE S

WY T

TRE

• Opportunities to incorporate green infrastructure in the Kent Avenue Greenway capital project.

• Opportunities to collect rain water off the elevated Williamsburg Bridge

STR EET BROADW AY

• Opportunities to convey water along side streets towards street end parks before final discharge into the East River.

WIL

LIA

NOTE: Soil boring documents for boring sites at Division Street end and Kent Avenue, “Ground water will be tidally influenced”. SUMMARY OF OPPORTUNITIES • Public parks exist on both the west and east sides of Kent Avenue that can provide important green infrastructure connectivity.

REE

TRE

H ST

GW -N/A

TRE

EET

S 5T

TRE

S 3R

S 4T

TRE

STR

S 2N

Flooding from Superstorm Sandy (2012) inundated waterfront properties along the East River but Kent Avenue did not experience flooding.

McCarren Park

ENT AV

SE +8.4

AV E

GR S1

ITA

VEN UA SSA

DF O

ER RY S

N AVE

MS B

SE +7.2

WILLIAMSBURG

S 9TH ST

REET

S 10TH

VENU ION A

DIVIS T KEN

STREET

GW -N/A

YM CL

-2

LEGEND

SOIL BORING

Top Soil

Segment

SE - Surface Elevation

Medium / Medium to Coarse Sand

Adjacent Segment

GW - Ground Water Elevation

Fine / Fine to Medium Sand

Superstorm Sandy Surge

Concrete / Cobblestone + Asphalt

Very Fine Sand

100-year Flood Zones (FEMA)

Gravel / Boulders

Organic Matter

Combined Sewage Outfalls (CSOs)

Fill

Ground Water

Segment 3 sub-watershed map

EXISTING CONDITIONS Approximately 1.7 miles in length Geotechnical Analysis Two soil borings from the southern section of the segment show a significant layer of fill and a low water table.

2 SEGMENT 3 SIDEWALK WIDTHS ROADWAY WIDTH

ROADWAY CONFIGURATION PARKING

~12-‐15 FEET ~ 40-‐62 FEET CALYER 1-‐WAY OTHERWISE 2-‐WAY, 2-‐ LANE TRAVEL PARALLEL, BOTH SIDES

SEGMENT 3

Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 1+2+3 RUN-‐OFF VOLUME (ft3) 3,255 44,662 134,268 246,985 NOTE: Calculations are based on the total run-off from the 1 inch storm event (DEP standard)

(Images Source: Google Earth)

Segment Adjacent Segment

1. Kent Avenue north from N 6th

2. Kent Avenue south from N 9th

3. Kent Avenue south to S 5th

4. Kent Avenue south at Division St.

NYC DOT Implementation Plan cross section

Fig. 8: Possible Configuration for Kent Avenue South at Navy Yard - Reprogram Parking Space as Bike Lane

OPPORTUNITIES 3A

QUAY ST

OLE

SER

FRANKL

IN ST

N N

Bush Inlet Park

• Greenway Condition: Adjacent to park • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Bioremediation Gardens, Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, Constructed Wetlands • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Heat Island Mitigation, Carbon Sequestration, Flood Protection

RIV

N2 N1

KEN

S2S

ST RD

EA V

BE DF O

11 S

YT H

Bushwick Inlet Park

McCarren Park

Continuous Greenway street striping on the west side of Kent Ave.

• Greenway Condition: Capital project in preliminary design phase • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Rain Gardens, Porous Paving, ROW Bioswales • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Heat Island Mitigation, Carbon Sequestration

T AV S3S

WIL

LIA

MSB U

BROADW

B Q

S 8 ST

WILLIAMSBURG

S 9 ST

S 10 ST

Grand Ferry Park at the corner of Grand Ave, and Ferry St.

East River State Park

T AV

(Images Source: Google Earth)

ION AV

KEN ST ST

LIA MSB URG

YM CL

WIL

• Greenway Condition: Waterfront Edge Condition • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Bioremediation Gardens, Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, Constructed Wetlands, Barrier • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Wave Break, Flood Protection

S 11 ST DIVIS

LEGEND Adjacent Segment Segment

City-Owned Property Road Striping

Truck Route Water Mains

Loading Docks Trees

100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) 2’ Contour

• Greenway Condition: Adjacent to park • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Bioremediation Gardens, Porous Paving, Constructed Wetlands • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Heat Island Mitigation, Carbon Sequestration, Flood Protection

OPPORTUNITIES 3B

QUAY ST

OLE

SER

FRANKL

IN ST

N N

• Greenway Condition: Wide Sidewalk / Public ROW • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Rain Gardens, Porous Paving, ROW Bioswales • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Filtration, Stormwater Detention, Heat Island Mitigation, Carbon Sequestration

RIV

N2 N1

KEN

S2S

ST RD

EA V

BE DF O

11 S

YT H

Bushwick Inlet Park

Greenway implemented with striping and floating parking lane.

Havemeyer Park between S 3rd and S 4th on Kent Ave.

McCarren Park

T AV S3S

WIL

LIA

MSB U

BROADW

B Q

S 8 ST

WILLIAMSBURG

S 9 ST

S 10 ST

S 11 ST DIVIS

(Images Source: Google Earth)

Jacob’s Ladder Playground on Kent Ave. and Clymer St.

T AV ST

LIA MSB URG

YM CL

WIL

• Greenway Condition: Across the street from park • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving, Constructed Wetlands • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Filtration, Stormwater Detention, Heat Island Mitigation, Carbon Sequestration, Flood Protection

ION AV

KEN

Roberto Clemente Ball field at Kent Ave. and Division St.

LEGEND Adjacent Segment Segment

City-Owned Property Road Striping

Truck Route Water Mains

Loading Docks Trees

100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) 2’ Contour

• Greenway Condition: Across Kent Ave. (upslope) from park • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving, Wetlands • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Heat Island Mitigation, Carbon Sequestration, Flood Protection

SEGMENT 4- KENT AVE., CLYMER TO HEWES STS.

NYC DOT Capital Project Number 5 * Refer to The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Implementation Plan, page 60-71

OVERVIEW Segment 4 runs along Kent Avenue from Clymer Street to Hewes Street. This area is characterized by the Brooklyn Navy Yard to the south and residential housing to the north. This segment is a priority NYCDOT Greenway capital project in preliminary design. This is an WILLIAMSBURG important opportunity to incorporate green infrastructure.

VENU ION A

DIVIS

KEN ENU

T AV

Flooding from Superstorm Sandy (2012) covered most of Segment 4. ET

SUMMARY OF OPPORTUNITIES • Long, continuous stretch of wide sidewalks provide opportunities for well connected ROW Bio-swales

T RS

YM CL

WY S EX

W ET

EEN

E AV

T SS

T PS

NT AV

Brooklyn Navy Yard

BRO

OKL YN

• Large open spaces within the Navy Yard provide opportunities for public to private stormwater management / green infrastructure interventions.

G AVE

FLUSHIN

LEGEND

NOTE: Soil Borings N/A Segment Adjacent Segment Superstorm Sandy Surge 100-year Flood Zones (FEMA) Combined Sewage Outfalls (CSOs

Segment 4 sub-watershed map

EXISTING CONDITIONS Approximately 0.35 miles in length Geotechnical Analysis We do not have any geotechnical data for Segment 4

SEGMENT 4 SIDEWALK WIDTHS ROADWAY WIDTH ROADWAY CONFIGURATION PARKING

~10-‐16 FEET ~ 62 FEET 2-‐WAY, 3-‐LANE TRAVEL PARALLEL, BOTH SIDES

SEGMENT 4

Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 1+2+3 RUN-‐OFF VOLUME (ft3) 13,702 11,962 20,369 46,034 NOTE: Calculations are based on the total run-off from the 1 inch storm event (DEP standard)

4 (Images Source: Google Earth)

Segment Adjacent Segment

1. Triangular Sidewalk Island at Kent Ave. and Williamsburg St.

2. Williamsburg St. southwest from Kent Ave.

3. Kent Ave. at Washington St. looking southwest to East River

4. Clymer St. and Kent Ave. south

NYC DOT Implementation Plan cross section

Fig. 8: Possible Configuration for Kent Avenue South at Navy Yard - Reprogram Parking Space as Bike Lane

S OS

Street striping separating bike lane from traffic and at ends of on-street parking

• Greenway Condition: Striping • Green Infrastructure Techniques: Bioremediation Gardens, Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales ST S • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, E W HE Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, ST Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Flood NN Prevention PE

E OP

T RS

E DG

D AR W Y

W HE

NC LY

N TO E DL ID ST M T BOUT S

WY SO

QUEE KLYN

8 AV

14 AV

BROO

PA RK AV

N ST

SKILLMA

IN AV

P TAAFFE L

N AV

CLASSO

N PL

EMERSO

FRANKL

100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) 2’ Contour

Trees

SPENCER

AV K Loading Docks R PA

PARK AV C U M B E R L AN

AND AV

T PL

MO N

X F O R D W AL K

• Greenway Condition: Wide Sidewalk • Green Infrastructure Techniques: Bioremediation Gardens, Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Convey Water, Flood Prevention

N ELLIOTT PL

7 AV

UNNAMED ST

4 ST

Long continuous center road median and wide continuous sidewalks on the West side D AV

NAVY ST

ING AV

STEUBEN

AV GRAND

Truck Route Water Mains

RYERSON

HALL ST

ON AV

City-Owned Property Road Striping

T WASHING

Y AV WAVE RL

ILT AV

CLINTON

B VANDER

T AV

N CLERMO

I ST

ADELPH

CARLTON

D ST

AND ST

L CUMBER

N OXFOR

N PORTL

N ELLIOT

U ME MO N L K WA

MON UME N WAL K T

LEGEND Adjacent Segment Segment

S OUTH S T

FLUSH

BEDFOR

CE AN DN V OR A

Y R R AV

SOUTH ST

• Greenway Condition: Adjacent Development Brooklyn Navy Yard • Green Infrastructure Techniques: Bioremediation Gardens, Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, Constructed Wetlands, • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, N Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, E EB T B Q E R Y S Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Flood A L L I Protection (Images Source: Google Earth)

9 AV

NA V

10 AV

PAULDING ST FARRAGUT ST

WALLA

C L AS

NS EX

MARKET ST

T SS

WELDING RD

ST E OP

ASSEMBLY RD

EASTW

E AS T W A Y

P EA

GEE AV

1 AV

WYT

T 3S

Y RR P E AV

Y NE

Brooklyn Navy Yard

Industrial development site on west side of Kent Ave.

MED ST

ILS T S

EA V

4 ST

U NN A

N SO

IS A V T

AU ST

YL TA

R LO Y TA ST

WESTW

HARRISON AL

MO R R

DS ST

EEN S EX WY L LI AM SB UR G

YM CL

D AV

E S T

WEST

JA Y

• Greenway Condition: Waterfront Edge Condition, tier 1 CSO outfall • Green Infrastructure Techniques: Bioremediation Gardens, Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, Constructed Wetlands, • VINEGAR Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, HILLSHIP AV WAYS Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Flood AV Protection L IT

YM CL

HE YT W PL

HUDSON AV

N TO R O M ST

WILLIAMSBURG NE

OKL YN

Clymer St. and Kent Ave. intersection adjacent to Buttermilk Basin

BRO

A AN LI JU PL

KAY AV

ILR

N TO R O

I O N AV

B E DF O R D AV

D IV IS

S 11 ST

SHALL ST

WA LK

S 9 ST BERRY ST

OPPORTUNITIES

DRIGGS

WYTHE A V

S 8 ST

SEGMENT 5- FLUSHING AVE.

NYC DOT Capital Projects Numbers 6 & 7 * Refer to The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Implementation Plan, page 60-71 WILLIAMSBURG

SE +21.2

SE +11.4

SE +9.0

+20

+18

NAVY ST

+10

+16 +6

EEN

GW+1.5

VINEGAR HILL

OKL YN

G+2.1

GW+1.7

Flooding from Superstorm Sandy (2012) submerged parts of Segment 5 including the blocks between Clinton Avenue and Claremont Avenues and between Oxford and N. Elliot Street

BRO

GW+2.2

+10 +2

S EX

+12

High Ground Water 7.3 ft below SE

Brooklyn Navy Yard

SE +9.6 +8

NAVY ST

SE +11.4 +10

OVERVIEW Segment 5 runs along Flushing Avenue from WIlliamsburg Street to Navy Street. It is characterized by larger warehouse buildings, the Brooklyn Navy Yard, public housing projects and Commodore Barry Park where Flushing Street meetings Navy Street. The Williamsburg Street stretch of this segment will not support right of way swales due to its high water table and water lines running under the sidewalk along the curb. The Flushing Avenue segment of the Greenway is a funded capital project that was in final design at the time of this reportâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s publication. There is no longer an opportunity to include green infrastructure in this capital project.

NAVY ST

NASSAU AVENUE

WILLIA MSBU

RG ST

FLUSHING AVENUE

GW+0.8

FLUSHING AVE

SE +9.5

+16

GW+1.1

REET TON ST

G WASHIN

REET

LY ST WAVER

N STREET

FORT GREENE

RE HALL ST

GW+2.1 CLINTO

Adjacent Segment

NAVY STREET

Segment

STREET

N STREET

BILT STRE

+10

LEGEND

GRAND

+12

STEUBE

VANDER

NT STRE

CLERMO

I STREET

ADELPH

N STREET

High Ground Water 7.3 ft below SE

REET

LAND ST

GW+2.2

CARLTO

N.PORT

+10

STREET

+14

SE +12.3

N RYERSO

SE +17.4

SOIL BORING

Top Soil

SE - Surface Elevation

Medium / Medium to Coarse Sand

GW - Ground Water Elevation

Fine / Fine to Medium Sand

Superstorm Sandy Surge

Concrete / Cobblestone + Asphalt

Very Fine Sand

100-year Flood Zones (FEMA)

Gravel / Boulders

Organic Matter

Combined Sewage Outfalls (CSOs)

Fill

Ground Water

Segment 5 sub-watershed map

EXISTING CONDITIONS Approximately 1.10 miles in length Geotechnical Analysis Although there are thin layers of concrete or rubble at some of the soil boring locations the predominant soil medium is fill. The water table is high in a couple of locations with a 7’ depth to water table at Commodore Barry Park. There is nearly 20’ to the water table at Washington Avenue.

SEGMENT 5 SIDEWALK WIDTHS ROADWAY WIDTH ROADWAY CONFIGURATION PARKING

~10 FEET ~ 50 FEET 2-‐WAY, 2-‐LANE TRAVEL PARALLEL, BOTH SIDES

SEGMENT 5

Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 1+2+3 RUN-‐OFF VOLUME (ft3) 30,526 70,140 95,610 196,277 NOTE: Calculations are based on the total run-off from the 1 inch storm event (DEP standard)

2 (Images Source: Google Earth)

Segment Adjacent Segment

1. Williamsburg St. south at Kent Ave.

2. Flushing Ave. east at Williamsburg St.

3. Flushing Ave. west towards Navy St.

4. Intersection of Flushing Ave. and Navy St. facing west. 74

NYC DOT Implementation Plan cross section

Fig. 9: Possible Configuration for Flushing Avenue

OPPORTUNITIES

H UD S O N WA L K

WALK

N ELLIOTT PL

FLEET PL

EE T ST

W AL K

YS T

PS T KEA

Y A V MAR C G S T E

WALL

NS EX WY NA V

RG ST

C L AS

KLYN

FLUSH

N TO LE D ID ST M ST ABOUT N LY

QUEE

WILLIA MSBU

10 AV

9 AV

8 AV

7 AV

RO DN E

ST ER EY

H AV E M SB ST

WIL

WELDING RD

ASSEMBLY RD

ING AV

PA RK AV

Street Striping as center median and Jersey Barrier as separation for bike and vehicular lanes. May be an opportunity to replace with green infrastructure.

TON PARK

O XF O R D

PRINCE ST

AY EASTW

UNNAMED ST

4 ST NAVY ST

PRINCE ST

GOLD ST

MYRTLE

Loading Docks Trees

G WASHIN

RD'S ST

GOLD ST

Truck Route Water Mains

STEUBEN

FORTE GREENE

City-Owned Property Road Striping

GRAND

DUFFIELD ST

RYERSON

HALL ST

N AV

TO WASHING

WAVERLY

MYRTLE AV

CLINTON

BILT AV

NT AV

AR YW

ST EDWA

ASHLAND PL

DUFFIELD ST

AUBURN PL

P OO

• Greenway Condition: Protected by jersey barrier • Stormwater / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving, ST ES W ROW HE Bio-swales • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, ST Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water NN PE Conveyance T S

T RS

C UM B E R L AN

VANDER

CLERMO

I ST

ND ST

ADELPH

CARLTON

A CUMBERL

N OXFORD

ND AV

MO N U

EX AV

WILLOUGHBY ST

LEGEND Adjacent Segment Segment

O HO

S OUTH S T

H Williamsburg St. W south from Kent Ave.

SOUTH ST FLUSHING AVE

BRIDGE ST

C AN DN AV

N PORTLA

B R IDG E ST

Y R R AV

N ELLIOTT

BRIDGE ST

U ME MO N L K WA

TB U FLA

(Images Source: Google Earth)

PAULDING ST FARRAGUT ST

PARK AV

MONUME N WAL K T

VY NA

• Greenway Condition: Pending Greenway capital U NN A TECH PL MED JOHNSON ST ST project, Adjacent Proposed Development • Stormwater / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Rain FLE E T Gardens, Constructed Wetlands M YR TLE • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, AV Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Flood Prevention

ALK

E X ST AV L D S H F F IE T B U DU F LA

Admiral Row - Proposed Development

NASSAU ST

T IL L AR Y S T TILLARY ST

MARKET ST

EN EB T BQE R Y S A L T IL

5S T 4S

4 ST

CONCORD ST

BROO

1 AV

WYT

14 AV

TL L IT

WEST

WESTW

E AS T W A Y

GOLD ST

SANDS ST

ON ILS T S

EA V

S ST

IS A V

Y RR P E AV

YL TA ST

Brooklyn Navy Yard

E DN RO

MO R R

R LO

WAYS

VINEGAR HILLSHIP

Y TA

D AV

YORK ST

JA Y

FRONT ST

N TO OR M ST

E WILLIAMSBURG DN

ILS

HARRISON AL

BRIDGE ST

HUDSON AV

• Greenway Condition: Adjacent Natural open space • Stormwater / Green Infrastructure Techniques: LimitedPLYMOUTH ST opportunity due to high water table, inappropriate WATER ST soils and water lines under the sidewalk.

E S T

JOHN ST

S 9 ST

HE YT W PL

The Naval Cemetery Landscape - Williamsburg Street

WA Y

L LI

YM CL

MARSHALL ST

MS BU

BRO

LIA

AN LI JU PL

KAY AV

IL R

IO N AV

TO OR

ROEBLIN G ST

D I V IS

BEDFORD

BERRY ST

S 11 ST

S 9 ST

DRIGGS AV

WYTHE AV

S 8 ST

100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) 2’ Contour

• Greenway Condition: Striping and jersey barrier, pending Greenway capital project • Stormwater / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Bioremediation Gardens, Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, Constructed Wetlands, Levee GHBY AV • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, WILLOU Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Wave Break, Flood Prevention

SEGMENT 6- NAVY ST.

NYC DOT Capital Project Number 8 * Refer to The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Implementation Plan, page 60-71 SE +31.1

OVERVIEW Segment 6 runs along Navy Street from Flushing Avenue to Plymouth Street. This short stretch passes through public housing, the Brooklyn Navy Yard, and the historic neighborhood of Vinegar Hill.

+30

+28

SE +9.6

+26 +8 +24 +6

MA A ATT

PLYMOUTH STREET

WATER STREET

FRONT STREET

SANDS STREET O BR

NAVY ST

GOLD STREET

+10

• The Navy Yard to the north of Navy Street may provide opportunities for green infrastructure connectivity.

High Ground Water 7.8 ft below SE

YORK STREET

SYSTEMS MAP

GW+1.8

+14

+12

SUMMARY OF OPPORTUNITIES • 13-foot sidewalk along Navy Street provide opportunities for ROW Bio-swales.

HUDSON AVE

RID

YN KL

+22

GW+1.2

SE +16.4 Brooklyn Bridge Park

VINEGAR HILL

DUMBO

Flooding from Superstorm Sandy (2012) covered the intersection of Navy Street and Flushing Avenue.

OK N LY EE QU

GW+2.6

NASSAU AVENUE

FLUSHING AV

SE +9.9

W Y

+6 BROOKLYN QUEENS EXPR

ESSWAY

NAVY STREET

High Ground Water 7.2 ft below SE

GW+2.7 +2

FORTE GREENE

LEGEND

SOIL BORING

Top Soil

Segment

SE - Surface Elevation

Medium / Medium to Coarse Sand

Adjacent Segment

GW - Ground Water Elevation

Fine / Fine to Medium Sand

Superstorm Sandy Surge

Concrete / Cobblestone + Asphalt

Very Fine Sand

100-year Flood Zones (FEMA)

Gravel / Boulders

Organic Matter

Combined Sewage Outfalls (CSOs)

Fill

Ground Water

Segment 6 sub-watershed map

EXISTING CONDITIONS Approximately 0.42 miles in length Geotechnical Analysis There is a high water table at the intersection of Navy Street and Flushing Avenue. Fill is the dominant soil medium along Navy Street.

SEGMENT 6 SIDEWALK WIDTHS ROADWAY WIDTH ROADWAY CONFIGURATION PARKING

~12 FEET ~ 57 FEET 2-‐WAY, 2-‐LANE TRAVEL PARALLEL, BOTH SIDES

SEGMENT 6

Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 1+2+3 RUN-‐OFF VOLUME (ft3) 10,390 28,245 21,418 60,054 NOTE: Calculations are based on the total run-off from the 1 inch storm event (DEP standard)

3 2 (Images Source: Google Earth)

Segment Adjacent Segment

1. Looking north on Navy St. from Sand St.

2. Northwest on Navy St. toward Hudson St. at York St.

3. Northwest on Hudson St. toward Front St.

4. North toward the East River on Hudson St. at Front St. 78

NYC DOT Implementation Plan cross section

Fig. 11: Possible Configuration for Navy Street

OPPORTUNITIES

E S T

AY E AS T W

EASTW

BRIDGE ST

ADAMS ST ADAMS ST

TON

MON R

CLIN

T S T

NE Y PL

S ID

GAR

7 AV

UNNAMED ST

4 ST

N ELLIOTT PL

NAVY ST

PRINCE ST

GOLD ST

OE P L

RY HEN

B R ID G E ST

HICK S

DEN

PL LOW

DUFFIELD ST

B R ID G E P LA ZA CT

ADAMS ST

CADMAN PLZ E

T WS WIL LO

TS EIGH IA H U MB COL

I ST

ADELPH

CARLTON

ND ST

WIL

SOUTH ST

LA CUMBER

D ST

N OXFOR

AND AV

MBI

C AN DN V A

N PORTL

PARK AV

N B E E E ST BQ RY LA

JAY ST

TECH PL

Y AV

EMON

JORAL

FLUSHING AV

V EX SH A

N PLZ

• Greenway Condition: Adjacent Park J O H NS O N S T JOHNSON ST • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: MO NTA Paving, ROW Bio-swales Bioremediation gardens, Porous GUE ST GRA • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater CE C T Detention,GStormwater Filtration, Heat Island Mitigation, Carbon R EMS RAC E EN S T Sequestration CT AL

(Images Source: Google Earth)

TBU FL A

A CADM

PIER

TILLARY ST

EPO NT Playground at the intersection of Navy St., York St. and Hudson Ave. ST

TS L

E LA

CATHEDRAL PL

FARRAGUT ST

T 8S

FLUSHING AV

W W

NASSAU ST EEXX

RK S

CHAPEL ST

HUN

PAULDING ST

NSS N

LE S

EE EE UU

APP

Q Q

LOV

4 ST

N N

CLA

LLYY

PINE

K K O O

NGE

O O BBRR

HIGH ST

ORA

1 AV

T 2S

ST MAN FUR

NAVY ST

SANDS ST

RRY

S AN

RY R P E AV

NBE

CRA

JAY

AGH

AV T

PR OS PE CT S T

ADAMS ST

MID D

WESTW

LIT

HUDSON AVE

GOLD ST

BRIDGE ST

JAY ST

PEARL ST

FLEET AL

P P A R PR B AP K R B B BK ST N O

R IS

MOR

YORK ST

AYS A V

SHIPW

• Greenway Condition: Street Striping • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous VIN Paving, ROW Bio-swales, Rain T E STGardens NS TO UL • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater F Brooklyn D OL N Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Heat Island Mitigation, Carbon E Bridge Park B POP W Sequestration LAR E R Q

EVANS ST

WATER ST

Street Striping on Navy St. at York St.

WEST

ADAMS ST

WASHINGTON ST

DUMBO

E DG

D BRI

I BR

VINEGAR HILL

PLYMOUTH ST

TAN

N LY OK

DOCK

JOHN ST

HAT

O BR WATER ST

N MA

MAIN S T

MARSHALL ST

LEGEND Adjacent Segment Segment

City-Owned Property Road Striping

Truck Route Water Mains

FORTE GREENE Loading Docks Trees

100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) 2’ Contour

SEGMENT 7- PLYMOUTH ST.

NYC DOT Capital Project number 9 * Refer to The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Implementation Plan, page 60-71 SE +28.5

SE +10.5

OVERVIEW Segment 7 runs along Plymouth Street through the historic neighborhoods of Vinegar Hill and DUMBO.

+28

+8 +26 +6

Flooding from Superstorm Sandy (2012) covered the western end of Plymouth Street along Main Street Park.

+24

High Ground Water 6.9 ft below SE

+4 +22 +2

SUMMARY OF OPPORTUNITIES • Opportunities to convey run-off from the streets into adjacent open spaces and parks • Opportunities to collect rain water from the elevated bridge structures into Brooklyn Bridge Park • Opportunities to pave Plymouth Street with porous pavers in order to capture maximum stormwater.

+20 +0

GW - 3.6

GW+2.2

A ATT

MAIN ST

YN KL

SYSTEMS MAP

WATER STREET

DUMBO

JAY STREET

FRONT STREET

SE +25.0

GOLD STREET

BRIDGE STREET

ADAMS STREET

Brooklyn Bridge Park

VINEGAR HILL

PLYMOUTH ST

RID

JOHN STREET

+24

+22

+20

+18

+16

GW+0.0

LEGEND

SOIL BORING

TopFORTE Soil

Segment

SE - Surface Elevation

Medium / Medium to Coarse Sand GREENE

Adjacent Segment

GW - Ground Water Elevation

Fine / Fine to Medium Sand

Superstorm Sandy Surge

Concrete / Cobblestone + Asphalt

Very Fine Sand

100-year Flood Zones (FEMA)

Gravel / Boulders

Organic Matter

Combined Sewage Outfalls (CSOs)

Fill

Ground Water

Segment 7 sub-watershed map

EXISTING CONDITIONS Approximately 0.50 miles in length Geotechnical Analysis The water table ranges from over 20’ below the surface at the higher elevations towards Navy Street and less than 8’ at the lower elevations in DUMBO. The soil is predominantly fill.

SEGMENT 7 SIDEWALK WIDTHS ROADWAY WIDTH ROADWAY CONFIGURATION PARKING

~10 FEET ~ 21 FEET 1-‐WAY, 1-‐LANE PARALLEL

SEGMENT 7 RUN-‐OFF VOLUME (ft3)

Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 1+2+3 8,130 8,392 25,720 42,243

NOTE: Calculations are based on the total run-off from the 1 inch storm event (DEP standard)

(Images Source: Google Earth)

Segment Adjacent Segment

1. Plymouth west at Hudson Ave.

2. Jay St. north at Plymouth St.

3. Jay St. north at Plymouth St.

4. Plymouth and Adams intersection northwest

NYC DOT Implementation Plan cross section

Fig. 18: Possible Configuration for Plymouth Street looking west from Jay Street

OPPORTUNITIES

Brooklyn Bridge Park development site on John St. at Adams St.

Brooklyn Bridge Park at Washington St. end at Plymouth St. E S T

WESTW

LIT

WEST

EASTW

ADAMS ST ADAMS ST

ST CLIN TON

7 AV

UNNAMED ST

4 ST

N ELLIOTT PL

NAVY ST

DUFFIELD ST

PRINCE ST

L OE P MON R

GOLD ST

RY HEN

B R ID G E ST

HICK

PARK AV

EN ST

JAY ST

T S T

City-Owned Property Road Striping JORAL

NE Y PL

S ID

DEN

GAR

BRIDGE ST

ADAMS ST

S ST

B R ID G E P LA ZA CT

WIL

CADMAN PLZ E

ST LOW

TS EIGH IA H COL UMB

L BIA P

LOW

WIL

I ST

ADELPH

CARLTON

AND ST

SOUTH ST

CUMBERL

COL

N OXFORD

TS L

C AN DN V A

SEN

HUN

REM

ND AV

GRA CE C LEGEND T AL Adjacent Segment Segment

TECH PL

B E E BQ RY LA

N PORTLA

CE C

JOHNSON ST

Y AV

GRA

NTA GUE

J O H NS O N S T

FLUSHING AV

V EX SH A

ONT

TILLARY ST

REP

E LA

TBU FL A

PIER

E ST

LOV

TAG U

CATHEDRAL PL

W W

CHAPEL ST

FARRAGUT ST

FLUSHING AV

EEXX

PAULDING ST

NSS N

RK S

NASSAU ST

EE EE UU

AN PL

(Images Source: Google Earth)

LE S

Q Q

MON

APP

CADM

• Greenway Condition: Street End, Adjacent Park • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Rain Gardens, Constructed Wetlands • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Heat Island Mitigation, Carbon Sequestration, Habitat Creation

N N

Adams Street-end north from Plymouth St. adjacent to Main Street Park

CLA

4 ST

LLYY

PINE

NGE

K K O O

ORA

O O BBRR

HIGH ST

BRIDGE ST

JAY ST

ADAMS ST

E AS T W

ADAMS ST

PEARL ST

MAIN ST

ST DOCK

FLEET AL

1 AV T 2S

GOLD ST

NAVY ST

SANDS ST

MAN

RY R P E AV

SANDS ST

S AN

AV T

PR OS PE CT S T

R IS

MOR

AYS A V

SHIPW

• Greenway Condition: Elevated Structure and Adjacent Park • Green Infrastructure Techniques: Rain gardens, Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, Constructed Wetlands • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Flood Prevention

AGH

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EVANS ST

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P P A R PR B AP K R B B BK ST N O LT

LT O

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VINEGAR HILL

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Brooklyn Bridge Park

JOHN ST

HAT

YN KL

OO VIN

WATER ST

N MA

• Greenway Condition: Adjacent Park • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Rain Gardens, ROW Bio-swales • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Heat Island Mitigation, Carbon Sequestration

WASHINGTON ST

MARSHALL ST

EMON

Truck Route Water Mains

Loading Docks Trees

100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) FORTE 2’ Contour GREENE

SEGMENT 8- FERRIS ST. TO BEARD ST .

NYC DOT Capital Projects numbers 13, 14, 15 & 16 * Refer to The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Implementation Plan, page 60-71

OVERVIEW Segment 8 wraps around the eastern, industrial edge of Red Hook and then parallel to Erie Basin along Beard Street. Ferris Street and Beard Street are high priority Greenway segments for which NYCDOT has begun preliminary design. This represents an opportunity to incorporate green infrastructure in these capital projects and to investigate the potential for the Greenway to play a role in a flood barrier system for Red Hook.

SE +5.9 +4

High Ground Water 6.5 ft below SE

EE TR

RE ST

LA YS

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The segment begins on Ferris Street providing an opportunity for the Greenway to connect with Louis Valentino Park. The Beard Street stretch is primarily industrial with some pockets of residential use. The street is cobblestone from Conover to Richards street.

GW -0.6

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SYSTEMS MAP

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Waterfront properties along this segment include: Port Authority Piers 10, 11 and 12, Estate 4’s sites including the former Snapple and ATF buildings, The O’Connell Organization’s civil war era warehouse properties and Thor Equities’ Revere Sugar Refinery development site. Two important big box destinations are adjacent to Segment 8 - Fairway Market and Ikea. Both locations also have water taxi stops providing important boat / bike transportation connections in an area under-served by public transportation. The former Revere sugar refinery on the south side of Beard Street between Van Brunt and Dwight Streets is a major waterfront development site immediately adjacent to the Greenway route.

VA N

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Flooding from Superstorm Sandy (2012) covered most of segment 8 and the surrounding area. There is one high point in this area that did not get flooded as you can see from the map on the left. The soil is mostly fill along segment 8 with one exception off Ferris Street where the a thin layer of concrete and cobblestone rubble covers a deep layer of very find sand and organic matter.

+4 EET

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High Ground Water 7.8 ft below SE

GW -3.0

LEGEND

-2

SOIL BORING

Top Soil

Segment

SE - Surface Elevation

Medium / Medium to Coarse Sand

Adjacent Segment

GW - Ground Water Elevation

Fine / Fine to Medium Sand

Superstorm Sandy Surge

Concrete / Cobblestone + Asphalt

Very Fine Sand

100-year Flood Zones (FEMA)

Gravel / Boulders

Organic Matter

Combined Sewage Outfalls (CSOs)

Fill

Ground Water

SUMMARY OF OPPORTUNITIES • Ferris Street has 14-foot sidewalks that might support ROW Bioswales • Filtered water can be conveyed via Ferris Street toward Wolcott and Sullivan Streets for conveyance to Buttermilk Channel. Stormwater on Beard Street can be released to Erie Basin. • Wide streets and sidewalks where we could integrate ROW swales and other infiltration strategies. • Connecting the green infrastructure with Erie Basin Park and possibly the Added Value Farm. Working with waterfront property owners to create an integral barrier system to protect Red Hook from future storm surge related flooding.

Segment 8 sub-watershed map

EXISTING CONDITIONS Approximately 0.9 miles in length Segment 8 runs the full length of Ferris Street from King to Van Dyke Streets, where it travels East-West for one block on Van Dyke Street to Conover Street, and North-South one block to Beard Street. Louis Valentine Park is at the southern end of Ferris Street through Coffey Street and is the only green open space along this segment. Most of Ferris consists of industrial and manufacturing buildings with wide sidewalks. There are no trees or plantings. There are street trees along the south side of Van Dike Street and numerous loading docks on the north side of Van Dike and east side of Ferris, opposite the NYCDOT Greenway route alternate on Ferris.

Geotechnical Analysis Segment 8 has a relatively high water table with the highest at 6.5’ below the surface elevation along Ferris Street and the lowest water table at the corner of Van Brunt and Conover. Infiltration may be a challenge in this area that experiences flooding even without a storm.

SEGMENT 8 SIDEWALK WIDTHS ROADWAY WIDTH ROADWAY CONFIGURATION PARKING

~10-‐15 FEET ~ 30 FEET 2-‐WAY, 2-‐LANE PARALLEL, BOTH SIDES

SEGMENT 8

Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 1+2+3 RUN-‐OFF VOLUME (ft3) 22,111 53,316 42,721 118,149 NOTE: Calculations are based on the total run-off from the 1 inch storm event (DEP standard)

(Images Source: Google Earth)

Segment

1. Ferris St. north at Dikeman St.

2. North end of Ferris St. looking into Piers 11 and 12

3. Ferris Street south toward Valentino Park-Coffey St. on the right

4. Continuous wide sidewalks throughout the area

ON ILT

E AV

Adjacent Segment

DEPOT NYC DOT Implementation Plan cross section LOOKING WEST ON BEARD ST. BETWEEN VAN BRUNT ST AND CONOVER ST.: EXISTING CONDITIONS HA

CITY OWNED PROPERTY

SUNSET PARK INDUSTRIAL PARK

GOWANUS BAY

LA FARGE NA CEMENT DISTR. FACILITY

JETRO

LIMITED TWO WAY TRAFFIC

WATERFRONT

BUILDING

LIMITED TWO WAY TRAFFIC

WATERFRONT

BUILDING

+/-15'

SMOOTH SMOOTH COBBLE COBBLE BIKE LANE BIKE LANE

30' 22 SMOOTH SMOOTH ND P COBBLE S COBBLE TR BIKE LANE Fig. 28: Possible Configuration for Beard Street between Conover Street andBIKE ErieLANE Basin Park E

RE P

M R BUILDING

BUILDING

Scale: 1/8" = 1'-0"

ET +/-15'

2BRUNT ST AND T LOOKING WEST CONOVER ST.: +/-15'ON BEARD ST. BETWEEN VAN +/-15'PROPOSED 30' 3 R D

OPPORTUNITIES

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Beard Street is a cobble street with some street trees.

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8 10

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OTS

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10 RE

Greenway Condition: 14-foot Sidewalk / Public ROW Green Infrastructure Techniques: Bioremediation Gardens, Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, High Level Sewer Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Heat Island Mitigation

BIA

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•

12 YK

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TA TI

6 R

Greenway Condition: Wide Sidewalk Green Infrastructure Techniques: ROW Bio-swales, High Level Storm Sewer Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Heat Island Mitigation

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Wide sidewalks along Ferris Street

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City-Owned Property Road Striping

Truck Route Water Mains

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LEGEND Adjacent Segment Segment

Greenway Condition: Wide Sidewalk / Public ROW, Public Street End, Adjacent Park / Waterfront Green Infrastructure Techniques: ROW Bio-swales, High Level Storm Sewer, Constructed Wetlands Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Heat Island Mitigation, Water Conveyance, Wave Breaks, Habitat Creation

(Images Source: Google Earth)

New waterfront developments and large, parking lots may provide opportunities for larger green infrastructure installations.

•

CLIN

Connect to Louis Valentino Park •

•

Greenway Condition: Wide Sidewalk / Public ROW Green Infrastructure Techniques: ROW Bio-swales, High Level Storm Sewer Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Heat Island Mitigation

Loading Docks Trees

100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) 2’ Contour

SEGMENT 9- COLUMBIA ST. TO SMITH ST. ON HALLECK ST.

NYC DOT Capital Project Number 17 * Refer to The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Implementation Plan, page 60-71

OVERVIEW Segments 9 runs along mapped Halleck Street through Red Hook Park. The Red Hook Recreation Facilities adjacent to Segment 9 provide more pervious surface area than the typical Greenway segment.

N WA GO

RED HOOK

REE A ST

SUMMARY OF OPPORTUNITIES • Available public land for an expanded Greenway integrated into existing Red Hook Park

STR

• The integration of resilience and adaptation mechanisms into the design of an elevated Greenway for storm surge protection.

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Flooding from Superstorm Sandy (2012) submerged all of Segment 9

HA MI LTO WY

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SOIL BORING

GO W AN

LEGEND

Top Soil

Segment

SE - Surface Elevation

Medium / Medium to Coarse Sand

Adjacent Segment

GW - Ground Water Elevation

Fine / Fine to Medium Sand

Superstorm Sandy Surge

Concrete / Cobblestone + Asphalt

Very Fine Sand

100-year Flood Zones (FEMA)

Gravel / Boulders

Organic Matter

Combined Sewage Outfalls (CSOs)

Fill

Ground Water

Segment 9 sub-watershed map PR

PE OS

89 PE

EXISTING CONDITIONS Approximately 0.45 miles in length Segment 9 runs along Halleck Street, an abandoned legally “mapped” street. From Columbia Street to Court Street it runs through Red Hook Park. It is currently populated by naturalized trees and other undergrowth plant material. However, this narrow band of public land is not accessible to the public due to toxic dumping from adjacent industrial land uses. Between Court Street and Smith street the park is currently used mostly as a truck route and for loading for the adjacent manufacturing and industrial uses. This is one of several stretches of the Greenway that will be able to cut through a large open space, completely separated from vehicular traffic. Given its close location to the water’s edge and a large area of public space, opportunities exist to integrate resilience and adaptation mechanisms into the design of the Greenway to protect the community beyond that was heavily flooded during Superstorm Sandy.

Geotechnical Analysis Geotechnical information was not available for Segment 9. 2 3 4

SEGMENT 9 SIDEWALK WIDTHS ROADWAY WIDTH ROADWAY CONFIGURATION PARKING

~10-‐15 FEET ~ 27 FEET 1-‐WAY, 1-‐LANE PARALLEL

SEGMENT 9

Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 1+2+3 RUN-‐OFF VOLUME (ft3) 5,993 7,082 5,514 18,590 NOTE: Calculations are based on the total run-off from the 1 inch storm event (DEP standard)

(Images Source: Google Earth)

Segment Adjacent Segment

2. Halleck Street continues through Red Hook Park , west from Clinton Street

4. Halleck Street as truck route and loading zone between Court St. and Smith St.

1. Halleck St. continues through Red Hook Park, east from Columbia St.

3. Halleck St. shown as overgrown right of way running along Red Hook Park and existing manufacturing , west from 90 Court St.

NYC DOT Implementation Plan cross section

Fig. 32: Possible Configuration for Halleck Street between Court Street and Clinton Street

EAM

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Stre e

t Str eet

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NEY

NTO

eck

Privately-owned basin off Gowanus Bay immediately south of the Greenway route:

OUR

CLI

• Greenway Condition: Adjacent to Water, Adjacent to Park • Stormwater / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving, Constructed Wetlands, Storm Barrier, Elevated Greenway • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Heat Island Mitigation, Carbon Sequestration, Flood Prevention, Wave Break

URT

LUM

BIA

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CLI

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SIG

Cou r

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n St reet

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HAL

BAY

RAI

Clin to

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NTO NS CLI

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ST HIC KS

ST BIA CO LUM

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AV S NU ON LT V WA NA GO TO MIL

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M HA

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CO LUM

BIA

OPPORTUNITIES

Todd Triangle at Columbia and Halleck Streets: Surface area for green infrastructure LEGEND Adjacent Segment Segment

City-Owned Property Road Striping

Truck Route Water Mains

Loading Docks Trees

100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) 2’ Contour

• Greenway Condition: Wide Sidewalk / Public ROW • Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Heat Island Mitigation (Images Source: Google Earth)

SEGMENT 10- SMITH ST.- HALLECK TO HAMILTON STS.

NYC DOT Capital Project Number 18 * Refer to The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Implementation Plan, page 60-71

GOWANUS OVERVIEW Segment 10 runs through the industrial southern stretch of Smith Street. GO

Segment 10 falls within the Gowanus Canal watershed, one of nearly a dozen high priority areas the NYC DEP have prioritized for the implementation of stormwater best management practice and low impact development.

N WA

RED HOOK

A ST

REE

Y EXW US

BUS

Flooding from Superstorm Sandy (2012) covered Segments 10.

E ST

REE

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T REE

TRE

SYSTEMS MAP TH S

• Opportunities for the collection of run ruff from the elevated Gowanus Expressway at Hamilton Avenue.

SMI

REE

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K ST

COU R

TON LEC

CLIN

HAL

SUMMARY OF OPPORTUNITIES • Street end mechanisms can be connected to the Greenway along Smith Street in order to filter run-off from this industrial area with low pervious surface area.

V NA

STR

AIN

STR

BAY

TO MIL

LOR R

REE

COL U

MBI

H ST

HA MI LTO

EX V N A SPECT PRO PR

LEGEND

CTE

SOIL BORING Segment

SE - Surface Elevation

Adjacent Segment

GW - Ground Water Elevation

Y Top Soil

PR / Medium to Coarse Sand Medium OS

Fine / FinePto P Sand E Medium

Very Fine SandT E

100-year Flood Zones (FEMA)

Gravel / Boulders

Organic Matter

Combined Sewage Outfalls (CSOs)

Fill

Ground Water

Concrete / Cobblestone + Asphalt

RO S XW PEC TA Y V

Superstorm Sandy Surge

Segment 10 sub-watershed map

EXISTING CONDITIONS Approximately 0.20 miles in length Segment 10 starts at the southern end of Smith Street, where it intersects with the eastern end of Halleck Street, and travels north up Smith Street to the intersection of Smith and Lorraine Streets and Hamilton Avenue. Smith Street is an industrial route, characterized by truck loading and traffic. It is a low lying segment that frequently experiences flooding. Along this route, three streets terminate at the Gowanus Canal (Bay, Creamer and Smith Streets), and there is currently a vacant lot on the waterfront, eastern side of Smith Street. Overhead electrical wires run above the east side of the street. Geotechnical Analysis Geotechnical information was not available for Segment 10.

SEGMENT 10 SIDEWALK WIDTHS ROADWAY WIDTH ROADWAY CONFIGURATION PARKING

~14 FEET ~ 33 FEET 1-‐WAY, 1-‐LANE PARALLEL, BOTH SIDES

SEGMENT 10

Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 1+2+3 RUN-‐OFF VOLUME (ft3) 5,352 12,362 14,541 32,256 NOTE: Calculations are based on the total run-off from the 1 inch storm event (DEP standard)

(Images Source: Google Earth)

Segment Adjacent Segment

1. Vacant Lot on East side of Smith St., south of Bay St., adjacent to the Gowanus Canal

2. Loading docks at the South end of Smith St., view north

3. Smith St. north from Bay St.

4. Smith St. south from Creamer St.

NYC DOT Implementation Plan cross section

Segment 10 Greenway Route

Fig. 36: Possible Configuration for Smith Street between Sigourney Street and Bay Street

OPPORTUNITIES

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et Bay

Str e

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Street

rS tre

Smith

13Smith ST Street

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Canal

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100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) 2’ Contour

3A V

(Images Source: Google Earth)

WY 16

US E GOWAN H A M ILT O N

AV OS PR

Loading Docks Trees

AV O N

Truck Route Water Mains

15 • Greenway Condition: Public Street-end ST • Stormwater / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Bioremediation Gardens, Porous Paving, Constructed Wetlands • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater 14 Filtration, Heat Island Mitigation, Flood Prevention ST

ILT

CO U

ILT

City-Owned Property Road Striping

Public street ends at Creamery and Bay Street

M HA

LEGEND Adjacent Segment Segment

Gowanus

llec

ST • Greenway Condition: Street Striping • Stormwater / Green Infrastructure Techniques: ROW Swales • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Heat Island Mitigation 11 ST

ITH

ITH SM

ST CO

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ST T NS NTO CLI T

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HAL

Striped road surfaces at Smith Street and Hamilton Avenue

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V NA

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CO URT

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95 ST

SEGMENT 11- SMITH ST. TO 29

ST. AND 3RD AVE.

NYC DOT Capital Project Number 19 * Refer to The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Implementation Plan, page 60-71

+10

LOR R

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High Ground Water 5 ft below SE

TO MIL

H ST

BUS

REE H ST SMIT

SE +11.8 +10

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EX V N A SPECT PRO

FUTURE GOWANUS CANAL CONSERVANCY PROJECT: LONGBANK PARK

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NU E AV E

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PR O EX SPE W CT Y AV

SE +13.1

+10

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• Opportunities to connect right of way bio-swales along 3rd Avenue with street-end green infrastructure installations at the water’s edge.

+12

AV E H 4T

SUMMARY OF OPPORTUNITIES • There is an opportunity to secure DEP investment in green infrastructure and possibly in high level storm sewers along this segment. The combination of the two could divert a substantial portion of the first tier of this sub watershed from the combined sewer system. • Opportunities exist to capture and filter water runoff from the elevated Gowanus Expressway and to connect these mechanisms with street-end green infrastructure installations at the water’s edge.

Y PR

Flooding from Superstorm Sandy (2012) covered much of the waterfront property along Segment 11.

GW -2.2

CTE

GW -1.2 PE

PE OS

23 24

The northern portion of Segment 11 falls within the Gowanus Canal watershed, one of NYC DEP’s priority areas for investing DEP capital funds in stormwater infrastructure. NYC DEP should be engaged in the development of this NYCDOT Greenway capital project referred to as the Gowanus Connector. The Gowanus Connector is a high priority Greenway capital project on which DOT has begun design and capital funding as of the publication of this report.

REE

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OVERVIEW Segment 11 wraps around the mouth of the Gowanus Canal, connecting Red Hook and Sunset Park.

GW +6.5

COL UMB IA

EGO

STR EET

STR

RED HOOK

OST

SE +11.5

S EX NU WA GO

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GOWANUS

GREENWOOD

LEGEND

SOIL BORING

Top Soil

Segment

SE - Surface Elevation

Medium / Medium to Coarse Sand

Adjacent Segment

GW - Ground Water Elevation

Fine / Fine to Medium Sand

Superstorm Sandy Surge

Concrete / Cobblestone + Asphalt

Very Fine Sand

100-year Flood Zones (FEMA)

Gravel / Boulders

Organic Matter

Combined Sewage Outfalls (CSOs)

Fill

Ground Water

Segment 11 sub-watershed map

EXISTING CONDITIONS

Approximately 1.10 miles in length

Segment 11 begins along the northern edge of Gowanus Canal at the intersection of Smith Street and Hamilton Avenue. It travels southeast on Hamilton Ave, crossing the Canal, bearing right onto 3rd Ave after crossing the bridge. The Greenway rout follows along the west side of 3rd Ave to 29th Street. Segment 11 is lined with industrial and commercial land uses including big box retail, a DSNY barge loading facility, large warehouse and manufacturing buildings, heavy traffic, and an overhead highway structure. Geotechnical Analysis Segment 11 has a relatively high water table at 5’ below the surface elevation near the Gowanus bridge. The other two borings show an adequate water table level for infiltration purposes at 13 to 15 feet below the surface. Fill is the dominant soil type for the first 5-10 feet below surface. The soils should have good permeability as the layers below the fill layers are very fine sand to medium fine sand.

SEGMENT 11 SIDEWALK WIDTHS ROADWAY WIDTH ROADWAY CONFIGURATION PARKING 2

~12 FEET ~ 50 FEET 1-‐WAY, 3-‐LANE PARALLEL, ONE SIDES

Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 1+2+3 RUN-‐OFF VOLUME (ft3) 108,034 434,323 84,177 626,535 NOTE: Calculations are based on the total run-off from the 1 inch storm event (DEP standard)

(Images Source: Google Earth)

Segment

1. Gowanus Expressway and Hamilton Avenue Bridge over the Gowanus Canal

2. Wide Roadway along 3rd Ave., south from 20th St.

Adjacent Segment

NYC DOT Implementation Plan cross section Segment 11

SEGMENT 11

There are catch basins on the east side of 3rd Ave., but the majority of the road surface drains to the west curb.

Greenway Route

Fig. 41: Possible Configuration for Third Avenue between 21st Street and 27th Street

Heavy storm water runoff from the Gowanus Expressway can be effectively diverted through a conveyor system at street level to be cleaned before flowing into the bay.

Interstitial space beneath the Gowanus Expressway may support stormwater infiltration.

OPPORTUNITIES HA MI

Hamilton Ave Marine Transfer Station

LTO 2A V

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n ve dA 3r

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Loading Docks Trees

4A 4A V V CT

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• Greenway Condition: Gowanus Connector Greenway segment is in design phase • Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving. ROW Swales • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Heat Island Mitigation

19t 14

Truck Route Water Mains

V 3 AV

3 ST

WY EX

(Image Sources: Google Earth)

City-Owned Property Road Striping

4A 4A V V

hS tree

Striped road surface on 3rd Ave. (North of 18th St. on East and West sides)

LEGEND Adjacent Segment Segment

US EXWY GOWAN H A M ILT O N A V

AV O N

V NA

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4A 4A V V

FUTURE GOWANUS CANAL CONSERVANCY PROJECT: LONGBANK PARK

18t

Expressw ay

11 S

V NA

LTO

Gowanus

11 S

• Greenway Condition: Gowanus Connector segment in design • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving, ROW Swales • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Heat Island Mitigation

N WA

NEY

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Home Depot driveway south of Hamilton Transfer Station could convey runoff from 3rd Ave.

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100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) 2’ Contour

hS tree

Future Park 15

Gowanus Canal

19th St. access to the Gowanus Canal, possible HLSS outfall. Opportunity to utilize future park development for green infrastructure installations. • Greenway Condition: Public Street End • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, Constructed Wetlands • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance

OPPORTUNITIES PR

3A V

3A ST

4 AV AV

4 4 A AV V ST

3rd Ave. sidewalk is 15 feet wide between 20th to 29th Streets with frequent curb cuts

4 4 A AV V

AV 3

V 3A

3 GO

4 4 AV AV

City-Owned Property Road Striping

5A V 5A

Y EX W

4 4 AV AV

ST V

4 4 AV AV

V 3A

3A V W AN US

LEGEND Adjacent Segment Segment

ST V

4 4 A AV V

Truck Route Water Mains

Loading Docks Trees

4 4 A AV V

3A V

4 4 A AV V

3A GO V W AN US 3A V

EX W

• Greenway Condition: Gowanus Connector Greenway segment is in design. • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Bioremediation Gardens, Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance

4 4 AV AV

4 4 A AV V

W AN

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3A V

100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) 2’ Contour

STArea

below Gowanus Expressway receives runoff from elevated highway and from upslope side streets, east of 3rd Avenue. Shady conditions beneath the highway are separated from the Greenway route by the southbound lanes of 3rd Avenue

• Greenway Condition: Elevated Roadway • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving, Gravel Beds • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance (Images Source: Google Earth)

100

102

SEGMENT 12- 2

AVE. - 29TH ST. - 39TH ST.

NYC DOT Capital Project Number 20 * Refer to The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Implementation Plan, page 60-71

OVERVIEW Segment 12 runs along the east side of Upper New York Harbor, west of the Gowanus Expressway and downhill from the Sunset Park residential neighborhood. In most cases, the Greenway is separated from the waterfront by the publicly owned South Brooklyn Marine Terminal.

26 ST

M AR

AV EN

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37 TH

ET 39

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SUMMARY OF OPPORTUNITIES • 29th Street has wide sidewalks for moving water from 3rd Ave to 2nd Ave. • Public street-end at 28th street for filtering water before it enters the harbor

• Alternate placement of the Greenway on Industry City leasehold located on South Brooklyn Marine Terminal along the west side of 2nd Ave. Opportunity for elevating the Greenway to create a flood barrier.

GREENWOOD

LEGEND

SOIL BORING

Top Soil

Segment

SE - Surface Elevation

Medium / Medium to Coarse Sand

Adjacent Segment

GW - Ground Water Elevation

Fine / Fine to Medium Sand

Superstorm Sandy Surge

Concrete / Cobblestone + Asphalt

Very Fine Sand

100-year Flood Zones (FEMA)

Gravel / Boulders

Organic Matter

Fill

Ground Water

Combined Sewage Outfalls (CSOs)

Flooding from Superstorm Sandy (2012) covered Segments 12

SUNSET PARK

Segment 12 sub-watershed map

103

EXISTING CONDITIONS Approximately 0.60 miles in length

Segment 12 runs along 29th Street between 3rd and 2nd Avenues and down 2nd Avenue between 29th and 39th Streets. 29th Street carries two-way traffic and has extensive impervious parking areas. Three groups of loading docks exist along the north side of the street, where the furthest west is a built out structure that fills the sidewalk. 2

2nd Avenue is also wide (79 ft. right of way) with truck traffic that extends north to 28th Street, where access is restricted to a Con-Edison sub-station. The road surface is asphalt over Belgian block; railroad tracks run down the middle of the avenue. The South Brooklyn Marine Terminal and Sims recycling facility lie to the west of 2nd Ave. Industry City has a 100-foot deep leasehold on the SBMY property immediately west of the 2nd Ave right of way.

Geotechnical Analysis We do not have any geotechnical data for Segment 12. See Segments 13-14 for geotechnical data within a few hundred feet of Segment 12. SEGMENT 12 SIDEWALK WIDTHS ROADWAY WIDTH ROADWAY CONFIGURATION PARKING

~10-‐18 FEET ~ 51 FEET 2-‐WAY, 2-‐LANE PARALLEL, BOTH SIDES

SEGMENT 12

Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 1+2+3 RUN-‐OFF VOLUME (ft3) 22,791 61,885 66,657 151,312 NOTE: Calculations are based on the total run-off from the 1 inch storm event (DEP standard)

(Images Source: Google Earth)

Adjacent Segment

2n d

Av e

Segment

1. 29th Street West from 3rd Avenue: Wide right of way and wide sidewalks

2. 2nd Avenue south of 29th Street

3. Built out structure on the north west end of 29th Street at the corner of 2nd Avenue

4. Built out structure at 29th St. and 2nd Ave looking east along 29th. 104

NYC DOT Implementation Plan cross section Segment 12 Greenway Route WATERFRONT

C.L.F.

ADJACENT PLANTING

10'

WALKWAY

BIKEWAY

BUFFER

P BUMP- OUTS AT TRACK XINGS & INTERSECTIONS

22'

TRAVEL LANES

39'

18'

2ND AVE NORTH OF 39TH ST. - OPTION B: BIKEWAY BOULEVARD

Fig. 44: Possible 2 Configuration for Second Avenue 27th Street to 39th Street

Scale: 1/8" = 1'-0"

BROOKLYN WATERFRONT GREENWAY

27 28

2nd

Ave

tre hS

EX US W

Opportunity to connect runoff from 29th Street and 2nd Ave. to the water28 ST front at 28th and 2nd Ave.

Waterfront access at the west end of 28th Street at 2nd Avenue

• Greenway Condition: Wide Public ROW, Public Street End • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, High Level Storm Sewer, Constructed Wetlands • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Flood Protection, Storm Barrier

W AN

• Greenway Condition: On SBMT or Public ROW, Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, High Level Storm Sewer • Storm Surge Protection: Elevated Greenway • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Convey Water, Flood Protection, Storm Barrier

GO W AN

Leasehold west of 2nd Ave. offers an alternative routing for the Greenway where an elevated Greenway as flood barrier is possible.

W AN

40 ST

1A V

Wide sidewalk on north side of 29th St.

54 (Images Source: Google Earth) ST

LEGEND Adjacent Segment Segment

7A V

Wide right-of-way along 29th St., view east toward 3rd Ave.

• Greenway Condition: Wide Public ROW • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, High Level Storm Sewer • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater 37 Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance S

1A V

48 • Greenway Condition: On SMBT or Public ROW ST • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: 51 49 Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, High Level Storm Sewer, ST ST Constructed Wetlands 50 • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, ST Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance

Wide right-of-way along 2nd Ave., looking North from 47 ST Costco at 39th St.

OPPORTUNITIES

City-Owned Property Road Striping

Truck Route Water Mains

Loading Docks Trees

100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) 2’ Contour

105

SEGMENT 13-

39TH ST.- 2ND AVE. - WATER

NYC DOT Capital Project Number 20 * Refer to The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Implementation Plan, page 60-71

M AR GI

NA L

OVERVIEW Segment 13 runs along 39th Street from 2nd Ave. to the waterfront. Property of Industry City lines the south side of the street and South Brooklyn Marine Terminal (SBMT) lines the north side of the street. Flooding from Superstorm Sandy (2012) covered Segment 13

• Wide sidewalks provide opportunity for right of way bio-swales. Opportunity for continuation of elevated Greenway as flood barrier.

MA R

W AN

SUMMARY OF OPPORTUNITIES • Possible connections to take water along 39th Street to the Harbor

39 40

AV EN

TA VE N

LEGEND

GREENWOOD

SOIL BORING

Top Soil

Segment

SE - Surface Elevation

Medium / Medium to Coarse Sand

Adjacent Segment

GW - Ground Water Elevation

Fine / Fine to Medium Sand

Superstorm Sandy Surge

Concrete / Cobblestone + Asphalt

Very Fine Sand

100-year Flood Zones (FEMA)

Gravel / Boulders

Organic Matter

Combined Sewage Outfalls (CSOs)

Fill

Ground Water

SUNSET PARK

Segment 13 sub-watershed map

107

EXISTING CONDITIONS

Approximately 0.20 miles in length

Segment 13 is the stretch of 39th Street between 2nd Avenue and to the waterfront. This two-block portion of 39th Street is a wide, Belgian block paved road with heavy truck access along the south side and an MTA bus turn-around in the middle on the northern side. Water main pipes are along the south side of the street. The west end of 39th is a dead end with South Brooklyn Marine Terminal entrance at the end and north side, and currently unoccupied Industry City buildings at the south. Geotechnical Analysis Segment 13 has medium to low groundwater elevations. The highest elevation is at 9.9’ below the surface elevation. After a shallow layer of concrete or gravel the soil medium is fine/ medium fine sand. SEGMENT 13 SIDEWALK WIDTHS ROADWAY WIDTH ROADWAY CONFIGURATION PARKING

~12-‐18 FEET ~ 60 FEET 2-‐WAY, 4-‐LANE PARALLEL, BOTH SIDES

SEGMENT 13 RUN-‐OFF VOLUME (ft3)

Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 1+2+3 10,243 15,113 35,897 61,255

NOTE: Calculations are based on the total run-off from the 1 inch storm event (DEP standard)

(Images Source: Google Earth)

1. Intersection of 39th Street and 2nd Avenue, view east toward Costco

2. Intersection of 39th Street and 2nd Avenue, view north toward South Brooklyn Marine Terminal (SBMT)

3. Active loading docks on the south side of 39th Street

4. Wide right of way with Belgian block paving

Segment

Adjacent Segment

Segment 13 Greenway Route

108

OPPORTUNITIES 22

27 28

West end of 39th Street, SBMT on the right 28

EX W AN

39th Street and waterfront

• Greenway Condition: Potential for elevated Greenway. • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, High Level Storm Sewer, Constructed Wetlands • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Elevated Greenway, Storm Barrier

GO W AN

EX W

ST 37

W AN

40 ST

Wide sidewalk on North side of 39th St., view East

• Greenway Condition: Wide Sidewalk / Public ROW • Stormwater Management / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, High Level Storm Sewer • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance

(Images Source: Google Earth)

Truck Route Water Mains

Loading Docks Trees 45

100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) 2’ Contour V

City-Owned Property Road Striping

ST LEGEND Adjacent Segment Segment

Bus turnaround on North side of 39th St., view west

109

SEGMENT 14- MARGINAL ST.- 39

ST. TO 51ST ST.

NYC DOT Capital Project Numbers 21 & 22 * Refer to The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Implementation Plan, page 60-71

OVERVIEW Bush Terminal Piers Park at the south end of Marginal Street is nearing completion with ball fields and natural areas. Waterfront infrastructure along the north end is dilapidated including the bulkhead, relieving platform and piers 6 and 7. M AR

Flooding from Superstorm Sandy (2012) nearly covered all of Segment 14.

W AN

SUMMARY OF OPPORTUNITIES • Opportunities for direct stormwater discharge

• Opportunity for continuous elevated Greenway as flood barrier

MA R

• Terminal Piers 39 40

AV E

TA VE

SE +14.6

+12

+10

GW +5.1

SE +21.6

+20

+18

53 +16

GREENWOOD

SUNSET PARK

SE +20.0 +18

+16

ET +14

+12

+14

G W +1.9

GW -2.5

LEGEND

SOIL BORING

Top Soil

Segment

SE - Surface Elevation

Medium / Medium to Coarse Sand

Adjacent Segment

GW - Ground Water Elevation

Fine / Fine to Medium Sand

Superstorm Sandy Surge

Concrete / Cobblestone + Asphalt

Very Fine Sand

100-year Flood Zones (FEMA)

Gravel / Boulders

Organic Matter

Combined Sewage Outfalls (CSOs)

Fill

Ground Water

Segment 14 sub-watershed map

111

EXISTING CONDITIONS

Approximately 0.80 miles in length

Segment 14 is comprised of Marginal Street between 39th and 51st Streets, and the east-west connector of 50th or 51st Streets between Marginal Street and 1st Avenue. This alignment of the Greenway will allow it to function as part of a flood barrier that would remove 8 million square feet of industrial space from the 1% risk flood zone. Manufacturing and industrial uses dominate Segment 14. The Bush Terminal Industrial Park Complex between 41st and 51st Street is a heavily used facility with truck traffic and active freight. A Port Authority rail float barge loading facility operates between Marginal and 1st Ave. between 50th and 51streets. Moving north to south, a slip at 40th Street will have to be bridged and the bulkhead will have to be rebuilt up to 43rd Street. An elevated Greenway will require a significant portion of the Marginal Street roadway. At the south end, the Greenway should turn east in line with 50th Street to avoid crossing the rail line at the float bridge and should return to grade at 1st Ave with a deployable flood gate across the rail line crossed.

Geotechnical Analysis Segment 14 has medium to low water tables. The highest elevation is at 9.9’ below the surface elevation. Borings taken along 1st Ave. show lower water tables than along Marginal Street. Fill was the dominant soil layer along 51st stree. The soil along Marginal Streets was mostly rubble with layers of fine to medium sand. SEGMENT 14 SIDEWALK WIDTHS ROADWAY WIDTH ROADWAY CONFIGURATION PARKING

N/A ~ 40 FEET N/A N/A

SEGMENT 14 RUN-‐OFF VOLUME (ft3)

Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 1+2+3 15,618 69,166 25,664 110,448

NOTE: Calculations are based on the total run-off from the 1 inch storm event (DEP standard)

(Images Source: Google Earth)

Segment Adjacent Segment

Segment 14 Greenway Route

1. Bush Terminal Piers Park currently under construction between 45th and 50th Streets

Master plan of Bush Terminal Park. (Image Source: www.NY.curbed.com)

112

OPPORTUNITIES

e tre S l

Str e

et 35

Wide sidewalks along 51st Street; water main pipes along the north (right) side of the road

Y W EX

Connection needed to36 Slink the West end of 39th St. to the unmapped Marginal St. T

• Greenway Condition: Waterfront Edge Condition 37 ST • Green Infrastructure Techniques: Bioremediation Gardens, Porous Paving, ROW Bioswales, Wetland GO W • Storm Surge Protection: Elevated Greenway AN US E • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, XW Y W B Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Wave Break, Flood Prevention

• Greenway Condition: Wide Sidewalk, Public ROW • Stormwater / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, High Level Storm Sewer • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance

W AN US

n gi ar

ST ST

NA GI M

Bush Terminal Piers Park site between 45th and Marginal St. right of way along the bulkhead. 50th Streets 6A

46 2A

(Images Source: Google Earth)

LEGEND Adjacent Segment Segment

• Greenway Condition: Waterfront Edge Condition 45 ST • Green Infrastructure Techniques: Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, Constructed Wetlands, Levee, Storm Barrier • Storm Surge Protection: Elevated Greenway • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Wave Break, Flood Prevention

City-Owned Property Road Striping

Truck Route Water Mains

Loading Docks Trees

100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) 2’ Contour

113

SEGMENT 15- 2

AVE. - 58TH ST. TO SHORE PARKWAY

NYC DOT Capital Project Number 23 * Refer to The Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Implementation Plan, page 60-71

TR EE OVERVIEW T 52 ND S Segment 15 connects the Brooklyn Greenway to the remaining 13 miles of Brooklyn’s Waterfront TR EE 53 T RGreenway the Shore Road Greenway. This segment runs on 2nd Ave. along the Brooklyn Army D ST RE E T Terminal from 58th Street to Wakeman Pl. and around Owl’s Head Park to connect to the Shore Road Greenway.

There is one combined sewer overflow and this segment also runs along the Owl’s Head SUNSET PARK Wastewater Treatment Plant and the Brooklyn Navy Terminal. Most of Segment 15 was not affected by flooding during Superstorm Sandy (2012) except for some of low lying edge of Owl’s Head Park along the Shore Parkway. 59

63 Y W AK

BEL TP KW Y

Owls Head Park

2A VE

67T

68T

69T

70T

LEGEND

W AN

SUMMARY OF OPPORTUNITIES • Stormwater capture on 2nd Avenue

TRE

SH O

RE RD DR

TRE

NOTE: Soil Borings N/A Segment Adjacent Segment Superstorm Sandy Surge 100-year Flood Zones (FEMA) Combined Sewage Outfalls (CSOs

Segment 15 sub-watershed map

115

EXISTING CONDITIONS Approximately 1.05 miles in length The Greenway along 2nd Ave is a priority project in design at NYC DOT. The Greenway will run along the west side of the street where there is one entrance to the Brooklyn Army Terminal, but no loading docks. There are not many street trees and those that do exist are not very healthy. Geotechnical Analysis We do not have geotechnical analysis for this segment but the elevation on 2nd Ave and Wakeman Place are high.

SEGMENT 15 SIDEWALK WIDTHS ROADWAY WIDTH ROADWAY CONFIGURATION PARKING

~8 FEET ~ 31 FEET 1-‐WAY, 1-‐LANE PARALLEL, BOTH SIDES

SEGMENT 15

Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 1+2+3 RUN-‐OFF VOLUME (ft3) 30,716 81,761 114,041 232,594 NOTE: Calculations are based on the total run-off from the 1 inch storm event (DEP standard)

(Images Source: Google Earth)

3 2 4

Segment Adjacent Segment

1. Wakeman Pl. west from 2nd Ave.

2. Wakeman Pl. east to 2nd Ave.

3. Wakeman Pl. west at Colonial Rd.

4. 2nd Ave. north from Wakeman Pl., view of Belt Pkwy.

NYC DOT Implementation Plan cross section

Fig. 56: Possible Configuration for Wakeman Place between Sedgewick Place and Bergen Place

116

W AN US E

OPPORTUNITIES

51 52

Northwest end of Owl’s Head Park on Shore Road • Greenway Condition: Adjacent Park • Stormwater / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Rain Gardens, ROW Bio-swales, Constructed Wetlands •Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Flood Prevention

SUNSET PARK

ST V

59 Striping on the West corner of Owl’s Head Park at Shore ST Rd. and 86th St. 4A

• Greenway Condition: Striping • Stormwater / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Rain Gardens, ROW Bio-swales • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration 3A

2A VE

W AK KP

W DG

3 AV

Owls Head Park

W AN

S AV

RE RD DR

AN G

U O

Y Belt Pkwy. overpassA Nfrom ST E 2nd Ave. facing South. B

6 US

5S E N • Greenway Condition: T Striping 65 X W S T • Stormwater / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Rain 64 Gardens, ROW Bio-swales ST • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration

73 S

NAR

City-Owned Property Road Striping

Truck Route Water Mains

Loading Docks Trees

100-YR Flood Zones (FEMA) 2’ Contour

117

4 AV

GE A V

SH O

72 S

ROW

72 C

71 S

RID

(Images Source: Google Earth)

CKA YP L

BAY

LEGEND Adjacent Segment Segment

R ID

R S TE BLIS

T LOU IS TER E

70 S

• Greenway Condition: Waterfront Edge Condition Stormwater / Green Infrastructure Techniques: Rain Gardens, Porous Paving, ROW Bio-swales, Wetland • Surge Protection Techniques: Elevated Greenway • Environmental Outcomes: Infiltration, Evapotranspiration, Stormwater Detention, Stormwater Filtration, Water Conveyance, Wave Break, Flood Prevention

OW HEA LS DC T

KW Y BEL TP

View from West corner of park facing Owl’s Head Park to Shore Roads Parks Conservancy

W AK

BIBLIOGRAPHY WEBSITES: www.bellinghamgreenroofs.com/case-studies www.NY.curbed.com www.ekofloodusa.com www.boxbarrier.com

www.ibsengineeredproducts.com www.google.com/maps DESIGN STUDIES: Brooklyn Greenway Initiative and WE Design. Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway: West Street Stormwater Study. 2009-2010. NYC Department of Environmental Protection. Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Stormwater Management Systems, NYC Department of Environmental Protection, 2012. PlaNYC and NYC Department of Environmental Protection. New York City Green Infrastructure Plan: A Sustainable Strategy for Clean Waterways. NYC Department of Environmental Protection, 2010. PlaNYC. A Stronger, More Resilient New York. The City of New York, 2013. RBA and NYC Department of Transportation. Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway Implementation Plan, NYC Department of Transportation, 2013 PUBLICATIONS: Hellmund, Paul Cawood and Smith, Daniel Somers, Designing Greenways: Sustainable Landscapes For Nature and People. Island Press, Washington DC, 2006. Benedict, Mark and McMahon, Edward. Green Infrastructure: Linking Landscapes and Communities. Washington DC: Island Press, 2006. Prominki, Marin, Stokman, Antje, Zeller, Susanne, Stimberg, Daniel, Voermanek, Hinnerk. River. Space. Design.: Planning Strategies, Methods and Projects for Urban Rivers. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser, 2012. Gruzen Sampton LLC and Matthews Nielson Landscape Architects. Sustainable Urban Site Design Manual. Prepared for NYC Department of Design and Construction, June 2008. NYC Department of Environmental Protection. New York City Green Infrastructure Annual Report. NYC Department of Environmental Protection, 2011-2013.