Пакеты прикладных программ by WENDIGO

CPE,4HEE IIPO<PECCJ!OHAJihHOE OEPA30BAHJ!E

3.B.$Y$AEB,

n.~.$Y$AEBA

nAKETbl nPMKnAAHblX nPOrPAMM PeHoMeHaoaaHo </Jeaepan&HblM zocyaapcmaeHHblM y'lpe)l(aeHueM «<PeaepanbHb/U UHCmumym p03BUmUR o6pa30BOHUR» (</JrY «<IJMPO») a Ha'lecmae y'le6Hozo noco6uR anR ucnon&JOBOHUR a y'le6HoM np0t.iecce o6pa3oaamen&Hblx y'lpe)l(aeHuiJ, peanuJy10w,ux npozpaMMbl cpeaHezo nporjJeccuoHan&Hozo o6pa3oBaHUR no cneu,uan&Hocmu «npozpaMMHoe o6ecnel/eHue Bbl'IUCJIUmenbHOiJ mexHUHU u aamoMamU3UpOBOHHb/X cucmeM» Pezucmpau,uoHHb/U HOMep peu,eHJUU 351 om 4 OHmR6pR 2010 2. </J[Y «<IJMPO»

7-e 1nAaH1<1e, 1-1cnpas11eHHoe

MOCKBa l13tJ,aTe(]bCKl1tt u,eHTp «AKa,a,eM11H»

2013

YLlK 681.3.06 EEK 32.973.26-018.2H723 <1>964 Pe u e H 3 e HT bI: JaM. rnaBHoro KOHCTpyKTopa Mlf3HA KaH.ll. TeXH. HayK E. A. HJMaW!oB; rrperrotiaBaTeJib crre11;t1HCUHIIJIHH MfKJfT C. B. Ka3aKo8a

<1>964

<l>yct>aee 3. B. IlaKeThI npHKJUl,D;HhIX nporpaMM : yqe6. noco611e .nirn cry)];. yqpe)l{)l;eHHM cpeLI;. npo<t>. o6pa3oBaHHH / 3. B. <l>y<t>aeB, n.11. <l>y<t>aeBa. - 7-e 113)1;., Hcnp. - M.: l13Ll;aTeJibCKHM u;eHTP •AKa,n;eMHH», 2013. ~ 352 C.

ISBN 978-5-7695-8883~9 OrrHcaHbl Meto,!lbl 3$$eKTHBHolt pa6otbl c rrpHKJiatiH:hIMH rrporpaMMHblMM rrpo.nyKTaMH: TeKCTOBb!MH pe)laKTOpaMH, CHCTCMaMH yrrpaBJieHIDI 6aJaMM .i.aam.1x, ·1:1J1ex1p0Hith!Mlt ·rrponaccopa~ut, CHCteMaMH RBTOMaTH3HpoBaHHOfO· KOHCTPYJfPOBllHKI H 'reXHOJIOrwtecxoro npoetCTMpOBaHIDI, KOMMYHHKatnl:OHitbiW Itf)Otpll,MM\U1tMH C:MCTeMllMB. Co.nep:llOIT Orth!T npeno.naua'teitLCttoA H npaittlAecKoA ,!leH'l'eJihHOCTH autopOB, a Ta!Olte peJyJibTaTbl HX HllytlHNX HCCilenc>uwlfl B o6itllCTH Hll$opMal(HOHHWX TCXHOJlornA, BhlIIOJIHCHH&lX no rprutraM MHmrctepcTBa o6paJOBllfffill PoccHH:cxoH: <l>e,nepauHH. Yqe6Hoe nooolbte MillKeT 6bt'tb 111crtoJTh3ouano npH ocuoenm1 npoit>ecCHOHaJILHoro MOJ:IY.11H ITM.02. PaJpa60TKa, BHe.npeHHe H atianTaUIDI oTPacneaoro nporpaMMHOro o6ecneqeHIDI (M)J,K.02.01) no cneuHanbHOCTH 230701 «IlpHKJia):IHaJI HH$OpMaTHKa (no OTpaCJillM)». ,Unll CTy)leHTOB yqpe:lK,lleHHH cpe)lHero rrpo<t>ecCHOHaJibHOfO o6paJOBaHIDI.

YLlK 681.3.06 EEK 32.973.26-018.2H723 Opui!UHat1-Ma1Cem iJannow U300HUH RBARemcR co6cm8ennocm&10 H3iJameA&CKow u.enmpa «AKaiJeMUH", u ew BocnpoU38eiJenue 11106&1M cnoco6oM 6e3 coZ!lacUR npaB00611aiJameAR 3anpe~aemCR

Y'te6Hoe u3oaHue <l>ycl>aea 3.nyap.r. BBJieHTBHOBll'I, Cl>ycjJaeaa Jl~JI Haauoaua

IlaKeTW npHKJUl,ll,llblX nporpaMM Y'le6uoe noco6ee 7-e HJJlaHHe, Hcrrpaunettttoe PetiaKrop B. H. MaxoBa. TexHHqecKHH: petiaKTop H. H. I'op6a11eBa KoMIIbIOTepttaH BepCTKa: P. IO. BoAKOBa. KoppeKTop H.B. Moi!UAeBeu. lfa.n. NQ 107103940. no.nm1catto B rre'!aTb 07.12.2012. <l>opMaT 60 x 90/16. fapHHrypa «Tati.MC». n}'Mara o¢>ceTHaH NQ I. Ile'laTb o¢>cemal!. Yen. rre•1. JI. 22,0. TnpaJK 1000 3K3. 3aKa3 NQ M-1850. 129085, MocKBa, rrp-T Mnpa, lOIB, cTp. I. Ten.j¢>aKc: (495) 648-0507, 616-00-29. CattnTaptto-:irrlf)leMHOJiorn'!ecKoe JaKJIIO'leHne N.! POCC RU. AE51. H 16067 OT 06.03.2012. Orne'!aTaHo B mnorpaqmn cj>HJIHaJia OAO «TATMELl;HA» «nHK «11.uen-npecc». 420066, r. KaJaHh, yn. ,[(eKa6pncme, 2.

BBE,Q,EHl.'IE

IlpHMeHemrn COBpeMeHHhlX HH<l>opMaU:HOHHbIX TeXHOJIOrHH HMeeT pernaiorn;ee 3HaqeHHe ~ IIOBblIIIemrn 3<l><l>eKTHBHOCTH rrpOH3BO,UCTBa H 6H3Heca. KaK H3BeCTHO, u:eJibIO 3KOHOMM:qeCKOH .n:e.sITeJibHOCTII JII06o:H <l>HpMbl KRK B c<t>epe MarepHaJibHOro rrpOH3BO,UCTBa, TaK H B c<t>epe o6c.rry-

RBJlJlemCR npou38oiJcmBo mo8apo8 UJIU yCJ1y2 c mpe6yeMblM 1Ca11ecm80M u MUHUM(JJlbHblMU 3ampam0Mu mpyiJoBblX u Mamepu(JJlbHblX pecypcoB, 8 1Co11e11110M umoze - no11y11e11ue npu6b1Jlu. ,ll,ocTIOKe路

)l{HBRHIDI HaceneHIDI

HHe 3TOH u:eJIH -

3a,z:i;aqa MHOroIIJiaHOBa.sI, perneHHe KOTOpOH 3RBH-

CHT OT rnopqecKHX crroco6HOCTe:H Bcex COTpY.UHHKOB <l>HpMbl, T. e. OT Toro, KaKHe perneHIDI rrpHHHMaeT KIDK,u;bIH yqaCTHHK rrpOH3BO,UCTBeHHOro rrpou;ecca OT PYKOBO.UHTeIDI .n:o p.smoBoro 11crroJIHHTem1 Ha CBOeM yqaCTKe IIpOH3BO,UCTBa. Ilpou:ecc npHHHTHH OIITHMaJibHOro perneHHH orrpe.n:eIDieTCH o6pa60TKOH H aHaJIH30M ,UOCTaTOqHo 60JibIIIOro o6beMa HH<l>opMaD;HH H BKJIJOqaeT B ce6H CJie,UYJOII.J;He 3TaIIbI:

I. 2. 3. 4.

C6op 11 aHaJIH3 HH<l>opMaU:HH no pernaeMotl: 3a,z:i;aqe; Orrpe.n:eneHHe BapHaHTOB .n:orrycTHMbIX perneH11tl:; Bb16op onTHMaJihHoro BapHaHTa -

npHHHTHe perneHm1;

O<PopMJieHHe perneHHOM 3a,z:i;aq11 B <PopMe CHCTeMbI TeXH11qecKotl:

.UOKYMeHTaU:HH, .n:etl:CTBYJOII.J;e:H Ha npe.n:rrpHHTHH. B coBpeMeHHbIX 3KOHOMM:qeCKHX ycJIOBIDIX perneHHe nocTaBJieHHbIX 3a,z:i;aq 06ecrreq11BaeT rrpHMeHeHHe aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHbIX CHCTeM o6pa60TKH HH<l>opMaU:HH c MaKCHMaJibHbIM HCIIOJlb30BaHHeM rraKeTOB npHKJia,!J;HbIX nporpaMM. Pa3pa6oTKa aBTOMaTil3HpoBaHHbIX c11cTeM o6pa6oTKH HH<l>opMau;HH Hepa3pbIBHO CBH3aHa c C03,UaHHeM aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHbIX CHCTeM ynpaBJieHIDI npOH3BO,UCTBOM (ACY), pa3pa6oTKa KOTOpbIX HaqaJiaCb B

60-x rr.

xx B., T.e. c rrmrnJieHHeM nepBbIX 3JieKTPOHHbIX BhNHCJIHTeJibHbIX Ma-

IIIHH (3BM). B HCTOpHH C03,UaHHH ACY, OCHOBaHHbIX Ha HH<l>opMaU:HOHHbIX TeXHOJIOfHHX, MO)KJ{O Bbl)J;eJIHTh CJie.ri;yIOII.J;He 3TaIIbl.

Ilepebtii 3man (1955- 1964 rr.) -

3apm1<.n:eH11e HOBoro ttayqttoro

UH<jJOpMaU,UOHHbte mexHOJl02UU, HJIH 3Tan nocmaH06KU 3aiJa11u Ha coeiJuHeHue npo6J1eM ynpa8J1eHUR c MemoiJaMu u cpeiJcmBaMu o6pa6omKu uH<jJopMau,uu. HanpaBJieHHH, KOTOpoe cero,UHH Ha3bIBalOT

3a 3TOT nep110.n: BpeMeHH 6hIJIH pa3pa6oTaHbI 11 BHe.n:peHbI Ha rrpe.n:npmITHHX aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHbie CHCTeMbl, HanpaBJieHHhie B OCHOB-

HOM Ha aBTOMannau:mo c6opa 11 o6pa6oTirn: 11mpopMau1111 o xo.ue 11pott3BO.UCTBeHHoro 11pouecca B peaJihHOM MacIIITa6e BpeMeHH. TaK, Ha11p11Mep, Ha JlbBOBCKOM TeJieBH3HOHHOM 3aBo.ue (YCCP) aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHhie CHCTeMhl HCl10Jih30BaJIHCh MH c6opa .uaHHhIX 0 pa6oTe KOHBe:UepHbIX JIHHHH 110 c6opKe TeJieBH30pOB. Bmopou 3man (1965-1969 rr.) xapaKTepHJyeTCH co3.uaH11eM 06be.u11HeHHhIX KOJIJieKTHBOB c11eUHaJIHCTOB B o6JiaCTH 3KCI1JIYaTaUHH 3BM 11 11paKT11qecK11x yrrpaBJieHueB. 11051BJieHHeM 3BM y MHOfHX C11eUHaJIHCTOB CJIO)l(JfJIOCh MHe-

HHe, qTo 3BM MO:lKeT Bee. Ha co3.uaH11e ACY Bhl.ll:eJI51JIHCh orpoMHhie cpe,acTBa B CCCP, CIIIA 11 .upyr11x cTpaHax Mttpa, HO KaK OKa3aJIOCb BilOCJie.UCTBHH, nonyqeHHhie pe3yJihTaThI He COOTBeTCTBOBaJIH 3aTpaTaM. KaKOBhI xe 6hIJIH npJlqHHhI HecocTOHBIIIHXCH o:lKH,UaHH:U? MHeHHH cneuHaJIHCTOB MO:lKHO CBeCTH K cne.uyrow;eMY: «Pa3BHTHe MeTO.UOB H cpe.ucTB yrrpaB.JieHHH B paMKax ACY He npHBeno K o:lKH,UaeMOMY pe3yJlbTaTY BCJIC)lCTBHe O)lHOCTOpOHHe:U HanpaBJieHHOCTH pa6oT H He.uooueHKe CTPYKTYPHPro acneKTa npo6neMhI». TaKoe cocTOHHHe .D;eJI Ha BTopoM 3Tane C03.llaHHH ACY MO:lKHO onpe,aeJIHTh cne.uyrow;HMH npJlqHHaMH: HeCOOTBeTCTBHe opraHH3allHOHHhIX <t>opM ynpaBJieHHH npOH3BO.UCTBOM H MeTO.UOB H cpe,UCTB o6pa60TKH HH$OpMallHH, T. e. npHMeHeHHe 6oJihIIIHX 3BM, TPe6yrow;HX ueHTPaJIH30BaHHo:U 3KCI1JIYaTallHH, He COOTBeTCTBOBaJIO opraHH3allHH yrrpaBJieHHH npOH3BO.UCTBOM, npe.uCTaBJIHIOIIJ;e:U co6oi1: CHCTeMy MHoroypOBHeBhIX .ueueHTPaJIH30BaHHhIX cnyx6; HeCOOTBeTCTBHe TeXHwqecKHX ypOBHeM c11euttaJIHCTOB-yrrpaBJ1eHueB 11 pa3pa60Tq11KOB ACY, T. e. B 6onhIIIHHCTBe cnyqaeB c11eu11aJI11CThI B o6JiaCTH yrrpaBJieffqeCKOM .ueHTeJihHOCTH He BJia,UeJIH HM 513hIKaMH 11porpaMMHpOBaHHH, HH TeXHonorne:U pa6oThI Ha 3BM, a crreu11aJI11CThI 110 3KCI1JIYaTaUHH 3BM H 11porpaMMHpOBaHHIO He o6Jia,UaJIH Heo6xo.UHMhIMH 3HaHHHMH B o6JiaCTH yrrpaBJieffqeCKOM .ueHTeJihHOCTH. Tpemuu 3man (1970-1974 rr.) xapaKTep113yeTcH pa3pa6oTKOM ueHTPaJIH30BaHHhIX ACY OTPacneBoro 11 rocyuapcTBeHHoro Ha3HaqettHH HJIH CThIKOBKOM CTPYKTYP yrrpaBJieHHH c opraH113au110HHhIMl1 11 TexH11qecK11MH B03MO:lKHOCTHMH 3BM. Ha 3TOM 3Ta11e cTaHOBJieHHH 11H$opMau110HHhIX TexHonor11i1: B CCCP 6hmtt pa3pa6oTaHhI: o6w;erocy.uapcTBeHHaH CHCTeMa yrrpaBJieHHH AC; pecny6n11KaHcK11e cttcTeMhI yrrpaBJieHHH - PACY; OTPacneBhie c11cTeMhI yrrpaBJ1eH11H - OACY; Ha OT,UeJihHhIX KpyrrHhIX npOMhIIIIJieHHhIX npe.urrpHHTHHX aBTOMaTl13HPOBaHHhie c11cTeMhI yrrpaBJieHHH npo113BO.UCTBOM - ACYTI. lfem6epmbtu 3man (1975-1986 rr.) xapaKTep113yeTcH pa3pa6oTKOM ACYTI Ha OCHOBe Ml1H11-3BM H co3,aaHtteM cne.uyrow;HX <l>YHKUHOHaJihHhIX CHCTeM y11paBJ1eHHH:

aBTOMannHpOBaHHOM CHCTeMbl rocy,ll;apCTBeHHOM CTaTHCTHKI.f ACfC; OTpaCJieBbIX aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHblX CHCTeM CHa6)1{eHJrn H TOpfOBJIH; aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHbIX CHCTeM roc6attKa H CTpo:H6aHKa.

IlRmblU :Jman

1986

r. ITO HaCTO.SIIUee BpeMH) MO)l{HO C'IHTaTb

3TaIIOM 6ypttoro pa3BHTIDI HHQ:>opMa:u;HOHHbIX TeXHOJIOrHM. Cero.JJ:IDI MhI HBJIBeMcH CBH.JJ:eTeJIHMH yttHKaJihHoro TeXHoJiorH'!ecKoro HBJieHIDI -

rrpaKTH'!eCKH e)l{erO,ll;HOro IlOHBJieHIDI KOMilbIOTe-

poB H npHKJIMHbIX nporpaMMHblX npO.JJ:YKTOB c HOBbIMH TeXHH'!eCKHMH xapaicrepHCTHKa.Mlf.

TaK, ttanpHMep, B 1996 r. Ha poccH:HcKOM pbIHKe

BnepBbie IlOHBHJIHCb pyc:11Q:>:11:u;:11poBaHHbie BepCHH npHKJIMHOM npo-

95 c KOMilJleKTOM npHJIO)l{eHHM Microsoft 1997 r. exero,ll;Ho BhmycKaIOTCH HOBbie Bep-

rpaMMHOM CHCTeMhl Windows Office, a

yxe

Ha'IHHaH c

CHH 3THX npHJIO)l{ettHM. CJie,ll;yeT OTMeTHTb ,!J;Ba BaJKHblX CBOMCTBa COBpeMeHHblX npHKJia,n;HblX nporpaMMHblX CHCTeM: Bo-nepBblX; OHH Il03BOJIHIOT pa3pa6aTbIBaTh aBTOMaTH3MpOBaHHble CHCTeMbI o6pa6oTKH HHQ:>OpMa:u;HH cne:u;HaJIHCTaM, He BJia,n;e10w;HM npoQ:>eccHOHaJibHO H3bIKaMH nporpaMMHpOBaHHH; BO-BTOpblX, MO,!J;HQ:>HKal.l;HH npHKJIMHbIX nporpaMMHbIX CHCTeM, KaK npaBHJIO, o6Jia,n;aIOT npeeMCTBeHHOCTbIO c npe.JJ:bIAYIIIHMH BepCIDIMH. 0TMeTHM, O,ll;HaKo, 'ITO TaK KaK mo6aH KOMilbIOTepHaH Bbl'IHCJIHTeJibHaH CHCTeMa (ynpaBJieHIDI rrpOH3BO,ll;CTBOM, pac'leTa TpaeKTOPHH ,ll;BH)l{eHIDI KOCMH'IeCKOfO arrrrapaTa, aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOfO npoeKTHPOBaHIDI H ,ll;p.) BKJIIO'laeT B ce6H arrnapaTHOe, HHQ:>opMa:u;HOHHOe u rrporpaMMHoe o6ecrre'leHIDI, :113yqett:11e rraKeToB rrpHKJIMHhIX rrporpaMM B3aHMOCBH3aHO co BCeMH 3THMH KOMIIOHeHTaMH. Ilo.JJ: TepMHHOM 6bl'tUc!lume!lbHOH cucmeMa B o6meM BH.JJ:e cJie.JJ:yeT IIOHHMaTb KOMIIbIOTepttyIO CHCTeMY o6pa60TKH HHQ:>opMa:u;HH (KCOH), rrpe,ll;CTaBJIBIOmyIO co6o:H KOMIIJieKC arrrrapaTHbIX (HHCTpYMeHTaJibHbIX) H rrporpaMMHbIX cpe,ll;CTB H HBJIHIOmyIOCH o6H3aTeJibHbIM KOMIIOHeHTOM CHCTeMbl aBTOMaTH3HPOBaHHOfO rrpoeKTHPOBaHIDI (CAilP), aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOM CHCTeMbl HHQ:>opMa:u;HOHHOfO o6ecrre'leHHH (ACHO), CHCTeMbl HHTeJIJieKTYaJihHoro attaJIH3a ,ll;aHHbIX (CHA,ll), aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOM CHCTeMbl ynpaBJieHHH rrpOH3BO,ll;CTBOM (ACYil) H AP路 CocTaB KOMIIJieKca arrrrapaTHbIX H rrporpaMMHbIX cpe.JJ:CTB AJIH pa3pa60TKH 3THX CHCTeM 3aBHCHT OT xapaKTepa o6pa6aTbIBaeMOM HHQ:>opMa:u;HH.

JaBHCHMOCTH OT rrpHMeIDieMoro crroco6a KOMIIbIOTeptto:H o6pa-

6oTKH HHQ:>opMal.l;HH IIO,ll;pa3,n;eJIHeTCH Ha TeKCTOByIO (CHMBOJibttyIO), rpaQ:>H'!eCKyIO H MYJibTHMe,!J;HMHyIO (ay,ll;HO H BH,ll;eo). Heo6xo.JJ:HMhIMH arrrrapaTHbIMH cpe.JJ:cTBaMH AJIH o6pa6oTKH HHQ:>opMa:u;:11:11 HBJIHIOTCH KOMIIbIOTepbl H coe,ll;HHeHHbie c HHMH rrep:11Q:>ep:11:HHble ycTpOMCTBa: rrpHHTepbI, IIJIOTiepbl, CKattepbI, MO,ll;eMbI, :u;:11Q:>poBbie Q:>oToarrrrapaThI, BH.JJ:eoKaMepbI H AP路

ecJIH anrrapaTHbie cpe.n;-

CTBa cocTaBJUitoT «TeJio» KCOl1, TO ee «.uyrnotl: H MOJroM» SIBJISitoTCSI nporpaMMHbie cpe.ucTBa. KaK noKaJaJia npaKTHKa, tta1160Jibrnee npwMettettwe noJiyqHJIH TaKHe nporpaMMHhie CHCTeMhl, KaK TeKCTOBhie pe.uaKTOpbl, CHCTeMbl ynpaBJiettHSI 6a3aMH .uatttthIX (CYE,ll,), 3JieKTpotttthie npoueccopw (3JieKTpOHHbie Ta6JIHUbl), rpaQ>Ht.teCKHe pe.uaKTOpb! (B TOM lfHCJie cwcTeMhI aBTOMaTH3HpoBattttoro npoeKTHpoBattHSI CAD/CAM) H KOMMyttHKaUHOHHhie nporpaMMbl. TeKCTOBwe pe.uaKTopw SIBJIHtoTCSI caMbIMH pacnpocTpattetttthIMH nporpaMMHhlMH cwcTeMaMH, H TPY.UHO ttaHTH c<f>epy .ueSITeJibHOCTH, r.ue 6w OHH HH npwMeIDIJIHCb. CwcTeMw ynpaBJiettHH 6aJaMH .uatttthlX ttaIIIJIH rnHpoKoe rrpHMettettHe B rrpou.eccax ynpaBJieHHH rrpOH3BO)J,CTBOM, rrpH aBTOMaTH3HpoBaHHOM rrpoeKTHpOBaHHH, B MapKeTHHfOBOH )J,eHTeJibHOCTH, a TaIOKe rrpH pa3pa60TKe CHCTeM HCKYCCTBeHHOro HHTeJIJieKTa H 3KCnepTHblX CHCTeM. 3JieKTpOHHble Ta6JIHI.I,bl HBJIHIOTCH OCHOBOH rrpH aeTOMaTH3aI.I,HH JII06blX pact.teTOB: OT rrpOCThlX apHQ>MeTil'IeCKHX orrepaI.I,HH )J,0 C03)J,aHHH CJIO)l{}{bJX MareMaTil'IeCKHX CHCTeM HHTeJIJieKTYaJihHOfO attaJIH3a )J,aHHblX, KOTOpble ttaxO,ll,HT rrpHMettettHe B CHCTeMax ynpaBJiettHSI KaqecTBOM TIPO.DYKUHH rrpOMbIIIIJiettttblX rrpe.urrpHHTHH H HCIIOJib3YJOTCH KpyntthlMH TOpfOBblMH Q>HpMaMH npH attaJIH3e pblHKOB C6bITa.

B rrocne.uttHe npaBJiettHe -

ro.uL1 6ypttLIMH TeMrraMH pa3BHBaeTcSI ewe o.utto tta-

KOMMyttHKaUHOHHble TeXHOJIOfHH (B TOM lfHCJie npo-

rpaMMHbie CHCTeMbI o6Metta HttQ>opMa1111etl: B cen1 Internet), SIBJISIIOIIIHecSI OCHOBOH COBpeMettttoro Mette)J,)KMettTa H MapKeTHHra B npoH3BO)J,CTBe H 6H3ttece. PaccMoTpHM TexttoJior1110 pa6oThI c coBpeMetttthIMH npHKJia,ll,tthIMH nporpaMMHbIMH CHCTeMaMH H 3<f>Q>eKTHBHOCTb HX npHMetteHHSI )J,JISI aBTOMaTH3aUHH npoueccoB o6pa60TKH HHQ>OpMaUHH B pa3JIH'IHbIX o6JiaCTSIX npOH3BO)J,CTBeHHOH )J,eSITeJibHOCTH.

4ACTbl

nP"1KJ1A.QHblE nPorPAMMHblE C"1CTEMbl 06PA60TK"1 TEKCTOBOM "1 rPAcJ>"1"1ECKOM "1HcJ>OPMAU"1"1 rnaea 1 TEKCTOBblE PEAAKTOPbl

1.1.

npMHMMnlitl o&pa&OTKM TaKCTOBOA M rpacl:»M't8CKOA

MHcl>opMa"'""

TeKCTOnte nponeccopw, lfJIH TCKCTOBhte PeA&kTOPhl, ~ 3'00 npH· KJUl,IJ;Hhie nporpaMMHhte OHCTeM:hl, ll03BomttotnHe C03,l(IUl8Tb TeKCTO· Bhle .n;oK}'MeHTbl pa.3JIM'UtOro Ha3HatteWU1. TepMHHLI mwccmOfJwil pei}adnop H apac]Ju'lectcuu pei)a1'mop coOTBeTCT· B}'IOT oco6hlM TeXHOJlOIWICCKHM npHeMaM ynpawt:emut 3tcpaHOM MeKTPOHHo-.rryqeBbIX MOHHTOpOB nepBLIX KOMDLIOTCpOB (90-e rr. XX B.), KOTOpbie Ha3blB8JIH nepr:oHCl.!lbHblMU 3/leKmpoHH0-6bl'iUCJlUme11bHblMU MOULUHOMU

(CT3BM).

IlpHHLJ,HII IIOJIBJiemrn HH$OpMaLJ,HH Ha 3KpaHe MOHHTopa CBH3aH c ct>opMHpoBaHHeM Ha ero noaepXHOCTH CBeTHW.eHCH TOqKH - nuKce/10. 3neicrpoHHhlli Jly'i, rrepeMeIUIDICh no 3KpaHy cneaa Harrpaao u: caepxy BHH3, rrocJie.n;oBaTeJihHO co:maeT MHOiKeCTBO 6JIH3KO paCIIOJIOiKeHHhlX IIHKCeJIOB. CaeTHIUHecH ToqKH, CJIHBaHcb .n;pyr c .n;pyroM, ct>opMu:pyroT Ha 3Kpatte HeKoTopoe H3o6pIDKeHHe. B OTJIHqHe OT rronyqeHH.H TeJieBH3HOHHoro H306pIDKeHHH BblBO,D; HHcl>opMaLJ,HH Ha 3KpaH KOMilbIOTepHOfO MOHHTOpa ,D;OJDKeH 6bITb rrporpaMMHO ynpaB.illleMblM, a CJie.n;oeaTeJibHO, Heo6xo.n;HMO HaJIHqHe rrporpaMM yrrpaBJieHH.H KaiK,D;bIM IIHKceJIOM. IlpM 3TOM CKOpOCTh pa60Thl rrpou,eccopa TOJibKO MH yrrpaBJieHHH 3KpaHOM MOHHTOpa ,D;OJiiKHa COCTaBJIHTh CBbIUie MHJIJIHOHa KOMaH.n; B ceKyH.n;y. TexHu:qecKHe xapaKTepMCTHKH rrepBbIX rrpoueccopoB I103BOJIHJ1H TOJlbKO cPOPMMpoBaTb H306paiKeHHH Ha MOHHTOpe. Ha .n;pyrHe rrpou,eccbI o6pa6oTKH Httcl>opMaLJ,HH y HHX y)[{e He xBaTaJIO pecypca. )J,.rrH peUieHHSI 3To:H rrpo6neMbI 6bma pa3pa6ornHa TaK Ha3hIBaeMaH 6ycl>epHIDI rraMHTb - 6UOeonOMRmb .n;JIH paJMerueHH.H pe3yJibTaTOB BhlIIOJIHeHH.H rrporpaMMhI yrrpaBJieHH.H IIHKcenaMH. YcJH)BHo roeop.H, 6yct>epHaH rraMHTb 4:pacrronara.rracb» MeiK,LJ;Y rrporpaMM.ou H cxeMaMH 3JieKTpottHOH pa3BepTKM HJo6paiKeHHH H HMeJia .n;aa RXOJla - nopma. K o.n;-

HOMY nopry «o6pamanacb» nporpaMMa, 06ecneq110aiom<U1 paJMemeHHe B naMHTH c¢>opMHpOBaHHbIX 3Ha1!eHHH xapaKTepUCTHK IlHKCeJIOB, a K ;:i:pyrOM}' - nporpaMMa ClJUTbIBaHHH HH¢>opMaUUH " nepe;:i:a•m ee B cxeMbI paJBepTKM uJo6pIDKeHHH. B 3TOM cnyqae Me;:i:JieHHO pa60Ta10IUCU1 nporpaMMa nepe;:i:aBana ¢>parMeHTbI uJo6pIDKeHHH B BM)J,eonaMHTh, a 6bICTpO pa60Ta10mue cxeMbI paJBepTKM ¢>opMupoBanH HJ ¢>parMeHTOB u306pIDKeHue Ha 3KpaHe. Ilpu 3TOM nepe)J.aBaeM!UI Ha 3KpaH MOHHTOpa HH¢>opMaUHH npe)J,CTaBJl}lJla co6oii CUMBOJibl -

TeKCT

u pucyttKU - rpa¢>uKY. l13JIO)l(eHH!UI TeXHOJIOfHH ¢>opMUpOBaHHH U306pIDKeHMli xapaKTepHa KaK AJIH TeKcToBoii, TaK H AJIH rpa¢>H1!ecKoii HH¢>opMaUHM. O;:i:HaKo, peIIIHB O.UHY TeXHH1!eCKYIQ npo6JieM}', T. e. pa3pa6oTaB BH)J,eonaMHTb, KOHCTpYKTOPbl II3BM CTOJIKHYJIHCb c ;:i:pyroii npo6JieMOH - Heo6xo.UHMOCTb10 coJ;:i:attHH 6o1ThIIIHX 061.eMOB BH;:i:eonaMWrH. TaK, HanpHMep, )J,AA xpaHeHIDI ,ll;BOH1IHOH HH¢>0pMaUHH 0 COCTOHHHH Ka)K)J,OfO IlHKCeJia B qepHo-6eJIOM H306pIDKeHHH Ha 3KpaHe c xapaKTepHCTHKO:.lt 200 CTpOK no 640 IlHKCeJIOB B CTpOKe He06XO;:i:HMa mlMHTb, paBH!UI (200x640)/8=16000 6aiIT. ~ IlOJiyqeHIDI )l(e UBeTOBblX H306pa)l(eHHH Tpe60BaJIOCb pe3KOe yseJIWleHHe 061.eMOB BH)J,eOIIaMHTH, 1ITO, B CBOIO oqepe.n;b, ,ll;OJDKHO 6blJIO 3Ha'IHTeJlbHO yseJIWllITb CTOHMOCTb II3BM. CrreuHanHcTaMH ¢>HpMbl IBM 3Ta 3a,n;aqa 6hma peIIIeHa cJie.n;y10IUMM o6pa30M. IlpH pa6oTe c TeKCTaMH Ha 3KpaH MOHIITOpa CTaJIU BblBO)J,UTb He OT,UeJibHbie rrporpaMMHO ynpaBJl}leMbie IlHKCeJibl, a JapaHee c¢>opMHPOBaHHbie 256 CUMBOJIOB, xpaHHmuecH B nocmORHHOM 3anoMuHa10~eM ycmpoilcm6e (I13Y) II3BM. IlpH 3TOM MH pa3MemeHMH Ha 3KpaHe JII06oro CUMBOJia (6YKBhI, 3HaKa npenuHaHUH ")J.p.) UCITOJib30BaJiaCb npHMOyrOJibH!UI MaTpuua 8 x 8 64 IlUKCeJIOB, Ha3blBaeM!UI 3HOKOMecmoM, T. e. Ha 3KpaHe MOHHTopa Ka)K)J,!UI CTpOKa CUMBOJIOB 3aHHMaJia BOCeMb CTpOK CTp01IHOH pa3BepTKU. TaK KaK Ka)K)J,bIH CUMBOJI HMeeT CBOH HOMep, TO B BH)J,eonaMHTH CTaJIO B03MO)l(H0 xpaHUTb He oqepTaHHH CUMBOJia - 8 6ai1T BH)J,eonaMHTU, a TOJibKO ero

HOMep, T. e. Bcero

6ai1T. McnoJib3YH 3TOT 6ai1T KaK KJII01I nporpaMMbI

ynpaBJieHHH 3JieKTpOHHbIMH cxeMaMH pa3BepTKU, MO)l(HO HaHTH B II3Y COOTBeTCTBYIOIUHH CHMBOJI " BbI1!epTUTb ero Ha 3KpaHe. EcJIH Heo6xo)J,HMO c¢>opMupoBaTb UBeTHOe H306pIDKeHue, TO Ka)K)J,Oe 3HaKOMeCTO B BH)J,eonaMHTH onpe.n;eAAeTCH He O)J.HMM 6aiiTOM, a ABYMH. BTopoi1 6ai1T npe;:i:Ha3Ha1!eH )],AA YKa3aHHH UBeTa CUMBOJia H OKp~aiomero ero <t:>oHa. TaKUM o6pa3oM, crreuHanucTbI B o6JiacTu TeXHOJioruH KOMIThlOTepHoi1 o6pa6oTKH uH¢>opMauuu pa3pa60Tanu )J,Ba pe)l(HMa ynpaBJieHHSI 3KpaHOM MOHUTOpa: meKcmo6blU" zparjJuiteCKUU. IlpH 3TOM TeKCTOBbIH pe)l(HM OCHOBaH Ha nporpaMMHOM BblBO)J,e Ha 3KpaH MOHUTOpa 3apaHee c¢>opMupoBaHHbIX CUMBOJIOB -

MaTpHU

8 x 8 IlHKCeJIOB,

rpa¢>uqeCKUH - Ha nporpaMMHOM ¢>opMHPOBaHUH Ka)K)J.OfO IlUKCeJia npu BbIBO,Ue ero Ha 3KpaH MOHHTOpa.

1.2.

KnaccM<t>MK8L-'M.R M 0611aCTM npMMeHeHM.R TeKCTOBblX peAaKTopoe

TeKCTOBbie pe,ll,aKTOphI rrpe,ll,Ha:maqeHhI )],JUI C03.llamrn H pe,ll,aKTHpoBamrn TeKCTOBbIX )J,OK}'MeHTOB. 3TH rrpmrna,n:Hble rrporpaMMbl 3aHHMaIOT JIH,ll,Hpyiomee IIOJIO)KeHHe y IIOJib30BaTeJieH rrpHKJia,n:Horo rrporpaMMHOfO o6ecrreqemrn.

B Hacrm1mee BpeMj{ cymecTByIOT COTHH reK-

CTOBhIX pe,ll,aKTopoB, KOTOpble no CBOeMY Ha3HaqeHHIO MO)l{HO pa3)J,eJIHTb Ha CJie,ll,yIOlll;He rpynIIhI: • TeKCTOBbie pe,ll,aKTOpbl )J,llil pa3pa6oTKH )J,eJIOBOH .llOK}'MeHTaUHH, B TOM ql{cJie .llOK}'MeHTaUHOHHOfO o6ecrreqemrn )J,e~ITeJibHOCTH JII06oro rrpe,ll,IIpIDITIDI; • H3)J,aTeJibCKHe CHCTeMbl; • reKCTOBble pe,ll,aKTOphI )J,.JUI pa3pa60TKH Web-.llOK}'MeHTOB; • Herrpo<J:>ecCHOHaJibHble TeKCTOBble pe,ll,aKTOpbI.

TeKCTOBwe pe,zuurropw AJUI p83pa6onm .lle.JIOBOi .llOK)'MeBT8.llllll. Ilo.u repMHHOM oeJ108DJ1 001cyMenmau,U11 6y,neM IIOHHMaTh .noK}'MeHThl, pa3pa6aTblBaeMble rrpe,n;rrpIDITIDIMH H <l>ffPMaMH KaK JlJlll BHYfPeHHero IIOJib30BaHIDI, TaK H )J,llil ,neJIOBOfO o6meHIDI Me:xc,ny opraHH3auIDIMH.

B JII06o:H opraHHJaUHH KaJK.lJ;hIH COTPY.UHHK .uoJDKeH npHHHMaTb OIITHMaJibHble perneHIDI. rrpHIDl'rIDI OIITHMaJibHOfO perneHIDI He-

ArrH

o6XO,Il;HMa ,Il;OCTOBepHa.SI HH<J:>opMaUIDI, rrpe.ucTaBJieHHaH B <J:>opMe, 06Jierqa10me:H ee BOCIIPIDITHe qeJIOBeKOM . .LJ:ocTOBepHOCTb HH<l>OpMaUHJf H KaqecTBO ee rrpe,ll,CTaBJieHIDI HBJUlIOTCH Ba)l{HeHIIIHMH TPe6oBaHIDIMH K ,neJIOBOH .UOK}'MeHTaUHl-1. IlpH o<J:>opMJieHHH )J,eJIOBbIX .llOK}'MeHTOB H pa6oTe c HHMH Bee opraHH3aUHH pyKOBO.llCTBYJOTCH cooTBeTCTBYJOlll;HMH HOpMaTHBHhIMH aKTaMH PoccH:HcKo:H <l>e,ll,epauH:u. TaK, HarrpHMep, B c¢>epe ynpaBJieHHH cymecTBYJOT orrpe.ueJieHHhie TPe6oBaHIDI K pa3pa6oTKe opraH:uJau:uoHHo-pacnopH,ll,HTeJihCKOH .llOK}'MeHTaUHH (OP.LI:)

[17].

Heo6xo,ll,HMO TaKXe OTMeTHTh eme OJl.HO oqeHb Ba)l{HOe CBOHCTBO .ueJIOBoro .llOK}'MeHTa BO MHOfHX

c~a.si:x

ero IOPH.llHqecKyIO 3HaqHMOCTh . .LJ:oKYMeHThI

HBJIHIOTCH rnaBHbIMH apryMeHTaMH B crropHbIX

cHryauH.si:x Me)l{,ll,y napTHepaMH. 11Hor)J,a TepMHH IOT KaK

cnoco6 iJoKa3ame11bcm6a [7].

ooKyMeHm

orrpe,ll,eJIH-

CoBeprneHHO oqeBH,ll,HO, qTo BhI-

rroJIHeHHe Bcex Ha3BaHHhIX TPe6oBaH:u:H K C03.llaHHIO )J,eJIOBhIX .llOKYMeHTOB orrpe.ueJIHeT Heo6XO)J,HMOCTb rrpHMeHeHIDI COBpeMeHHblX HH<t>opMaUHOHHhIX TeXHOJIOfHH, T.e. TeKCTOBbie .llOK}'MeHTbl Heo6XO)J,HMO pa3pa6aTbIBaTb c rrpHMeHeHHeM TeKCTOBbIX pe,ll,aKTOpOB. Ha cero.UHHIIIHHH .ueHb JlJlll pa3pa6oTKH )J,eJIOBhIX .llOK}'MeHTOB Hau6oJiee pacrrpocTpaHeHHbIMH TeKCTOBbIMH pe.uaKTOpaMH HBJIHIOTCH: HHOCTPaHHbie Microsoft Word, WordPerfect, WordStar

2000

u poc-

cu:HcKH:H JleKCHKOH. CoBpeMeHHbie TeKCTOBbie pe,ll,aKTopbI rrpaBHJibHee 6bmo 6h1 Ha3hIBaTb meKcmo60-2pa</Ju~ecKUMU, TaK KaK OHH I103BOJIHIOT pa6oTaTb He TOJibKO c TeKCTOM, HO H C03)J,aBaTb H pe,ll,aKTHPOBaTb HJIJIIOCTPaTHB-

Hble MaTep118Jibl: PHCYHKH, cxeMhl, rpact>HKH, KOTOpbie MOryT 6h1Th B ,l(eJIOBhIX .lJ.OKYMeHTaX. H;maTeJiltCKHe CHCTeMW. KpoMe no,l(roTOBKH HCXO.lJ.HOH Httcl>opMaIIHH Ja,u;aqeit: H3,l(aTeJibCKHX CHCTeM srnm1eTCH BbITIOJIHeHHe BepcmKU, T. e. paJMemettHe TeKcTa no CTpa1m11aM .ll.OKYMeHTa. K HJ.lJ.aTeJihCKHM TeKCTOBhlM pe,l(aKTOpaM MO)l(HO OTHeCTH TaKHe CHCTeMhl, KaK Adobe Acrobat, Aldus, PageMaker. C11e)J.yeT OTMeTHTh, qTo TeXHoJiorHH nepBHqttoro C03,l(aHHH TeKCTa B 3THX CHCTeMax CJIO)l{Hee, qeM B TeKCTOBhIX pe)J.aKTopax. TI03TOMY qame Bcero TeKcToahle JlOKYMeHThl )].ml Hl)].aTeJihCKOH ,l(eSITeJihHOCTH TIO,l(fOTaBJIHBaIOT a )].Ba 3Taua: TeKCT tta6Hpa10T c rroMOIUhJO TeKCToaoro pe,llaKTopa (ttanpHMep, Microsoft Word), a BepCTKY H OKOH'laTeJibttyJO 110,l(roTOJJKY .ll.OKYMeHTil BhlUOJIHBIOT B H3)J.aTeJibCKOit CHCTeMe. TeKCTOawe pe,lUIUopw .IUUI paapaGOTKH Web-AOKYMeffTOB. Ha:Jttaqemt:e 3To:it rpynllhl pe,llaxropoa - pa:Jpa6oTKa Web-cTJ>aHHU H co路 npoeouemm WWW-Y'Jlf.OB B ce'l'H Internet. Bo ecex pe.zwcropax .ll.aIIHOit

rpymibI (Web-pe.zuucropax) HCIIOJlh3yeTCR cneUHlUlhllhdt R3hll< <t>opMaTifPOIWlIDl noKYMelml ....,. HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language ~ nmeirreKcrotn.ut Jl3blX pa:JMeTKH). CJie)J.yeT OTMe'fHTL, 1lTO npH C03JlRHHH Office 97 <l>HPMa Microsoft KcnoJ1b30BMa cpe.ll;c'faa npeo6pa:Joaamm .l(OK}'MeHTOa, pa3pa6oTaH~ HhlX c rroMOIUhJO Access, PowerPoint, Excel H Word, a <t>opMa'f HTML. 0)].HaKO B03MO)l{HOCTett 3THX cpe.ztCTB rrpeoopa:JoBaHHR MR C03,llaHHJI Web-caifmB, a TeM 6oJiee MH C03.ll.llHHH H ynpaBJiettHJI WWW-yJJiaMH RBHO He,l(OCTaTOqHo. K 3TOH rpynne pe,l(aKTOpOB OTHOCHTCH, HanpHMep FrontPage. Henpocl>eccaona.JILHhle TeKcToewe pe.z.aKTopw. 3To MHOrolJHCJieHHbie nporpaMMHhle TIPO.ll.YKThl, HHOr,l(a Ha3hIBaeMbie ,l(OMaWHHMH TeKCTOBbIMH pe)J.aKTopaMH. TaKHe pe)J.aKTOPhl npocTbI B o6pamettHH H HX TIOMOIUhIO MO)l(HO coJaHHMalOT 3HalJHTeJibHO MeHbWe naMRTH. 3,l(aBaTb paJJIHqHble TeKCTOBhie ,l(OKYMeHTbl 6e3 oco6bIX co6JIIO,l(eHHH ttopMaTHBHO-TeXttttqeCKHX Tpe6oBaHHH K oct>opMJieHHIO. TaK, ttanpHMep, co)J.ep)l(aJUHecH B Microsoft Office pe,l(aKTopw NotePad H WordPad JaHHMaIOT o6beM naMHTH nopR)J.Ka 4 K6ait:T K!UK,llhIH, B TO BpeMH KaK pe)J.aKmp Word 97 Tpe6yeT MH HOPMaJibttoro <l>YHKIIHOHHpoBaHHH npHMeptto 35 M6ait:T naMHTH tta )f(eCTKOM .lJ.HCKe. )l,aJiee npe,l(CTaBHM TeXHOJIOfHIO 3ct>ct>eKTHBHOro npHMeHeHHH TeKCTOBbIX npo11eccopoB B npOH380,l(CTBeHHO-TeXHHqecKOH ,l(eHTeJibHOCTH mo6ow opraHHJaIIHH.

1.3.

0CHOBHbl8 nOHHTMH Ill T8pMMHbl, 111cnonb3Y8Mbl8 np111 C03A8HMM T8KCTOBOM MH<l>OpM8l-'llllll

TaK KaK 11106ow )J.eJIOBOJi .lJ.OKYMeHT HMeeT HH<l>OPMllUHOHHyIO H IOPH.ll.HqecKYIO 3HlllJJilMOCTh, TO cymecrny10l11He HH<f>opMaIIHOHHhle

TeXHOJIOrHH npe.nycMa'flJHBaIOT pa3pa60TKY He TOJihKO 3JieKTPOHHOH sepCHH .LlOKYMeHTa, xpaIDilll,eHCH 8 KOMnhIOTepe, HO H ero ocl>opMJieHHe Ha 6yMIDKHhIX HOCHTeJIHX - CTPaHHU:aX. PaccMOTPHM OCHOBHhie nOIDITHSI, CBH3aHHble c BHeIIIHHM oct>opMJieHHeM CTpaHHU: .LlOKYMeHTa. CTpamma .noKyMeHTa onpe.neAAeTCH cne.nyIOIUHMH xapaKTepHCTHKaMH (napaMeTpaMH): • eepXHHM, HIDKHHM, npaBbIM H JieBbIM IlOJISIMH; • IlOJieM )1,JDI nepeITJieTa ( ecJIH npe.nycMaTPHBaeTCH COOTBeTCTByIOIUaH TeXHOJIOfHSI xpaHeHHSI .LlOKYMeHrn); • eepXHHM H HIDKHHM KOJIOHTHTYJlaMH; • cl>opMaToM; • op11emau:Hei1. llon.e - 3TO paCCTOHHHe OT KpaH CTPaHHUhl (JIHCTa) .no HB'!aJia TeKCTa. llon.e dllR nepenn.ema - 3To noJie OT Jieeoro Kpa.JI cTpaHHUbI (JIHc~ Ta) .no HB'!aJia TeKCTa, npe.nyCMOTpeHHoe )1,JDI flO.llWHBKH BJIH nepe~ ITJieTa .noKyMeHTa. Kon.onmumyn. - 3TO o6JiaCTb Ha KIDK.lloii cTpaHHUe .noK}'MeHTa, B KOTOpoit Mo:lKeT 6b1Tb Hane'laTaHa KaKa.JI~m160 HHcPOPMRUIDI, Ha~ npHMep HOMep CTPaHHUhl. B JaBHCHMOCTH oT pacnonoxemm BBepxy HJlH BHH3y CTpaHHUbl KOJIOHTHTYJibl COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha3blBaIOTC» eep~ XHHMH HJIH HHXHHMH. B AOKYMeme B03MOJKHo co3,llaHHe oco6oro Ko~ JIOHTHTYJIR TOJibKO )1,JDI nepBOH CTPRHHU:hl, OTJIH4BIOIUHXCH KOJIOHTHTYJIOB )1,JDI 'leTHbIX H He'leTHhIX CTpaHHU:, a TaIOKe MOXHO eoo6rue HX He HCilOJih30BaTb. </JopMam - 3TO pa3Mep JIHCTa, Ha KOTOpOM 6y,11;eT Hane'laTaH .noKYMeHT. OcHOBHhIMH cl>opMaTaMH .LlJIH .LlOKYMeHTOB HBJIHIOTCH A4 (2IO x 297 MM) H AS (148 x 210 MM).

OpueHmau,u11 - :no cl>opMa pacnoJio)l(emrn TeKcTa Ha cTpam1u:e. IlpHHHThI .nee cl>opMhI optteHTaU:HH CTPaHHU:: KHIDKHaH H aJih60MHaH. KHH)l(HaH cl>opMa optteHTaU:HH npe,11;ycMaTPHBaeT pacnonmKeHHe CTPOK TeKCTa napaJIJieJibHO MeHbIIIeH no pa3Mepy CTOpOHe JIHCTa, a aJih60Mt-IaH -napaJIJieJihHO 60JihllleH no pa3Mepy CTOpOHe JIHCTa. PaccMOTPHM noIDITHH, CBH3aHHhie Henocpe.ncTBeHHO c co3.naHHeM H OcPOPMJieHHeM TeKCTa. A63au, - 3TO KpacHaH cTpoKa, oTcTyn B Ha11ane cTpOKH, HJIH TeKcT Me)l(,Lly ,ll;BYMSJ: TaKHMH OTCTynaMH. BTopoii eapHaHT onpe.neneHHSI a63au:a, no HarneMy MHeHHIO, B 60JibllleH CTeneHH OTPR)l(aeT oco6eHHOCTH KOMnhIOTepHoro Ha6opa TeKcTa B coepeMeHHhIX pe.naKTopax. TeKcT BffYTPH a63au:a Ha6HpaeTcH Ha KJiaBHazype nenpepblBHO 6eJ nepexoiJa na HOBYIO cmp01zy (.no HR)l(aTHSI KJiaBHIIIH [Enter]). Ilepexo.n Ha HOBhIH a63au: npOH380.LlHTCH Ha)l(aTHeM KJiaBHllIH [Enter] - KOMaH,Llbl nepexo.na Ha HOByIO CTPOKY. qHCJIO CHMBOJIOB B CTPOKe BHYTPH a63au:a ycrnHaBJIHBaeTcH aeToMaTH'leCKH npH 3a,IJ;aHHH cl>opMaTa H opHeHTaU:HH CTpaHHUhl.

A63au xapaKTepH3YJOT cne;:i:yiomHe napaMeTPhI: 0 Tc Ty n

( CJieBa, cnpaBa) -

pacCTO.SIHHe OT Kpa.si: COOTBeTCTByio-

mero noJI.S1 CTPaHHUhI ;:i:o Ha•rnna TeKcTa; H HT e p Ba JI -

paCCTO.SIHHe Me)l{)zy a63auaMH (B MHJIJIHMeTpax HJIH

nHKCeJiax). TiepBa.si: CTPOKa a63aua xapaKTepH3yeTc.si: pa3MepoM o Tc Ty n a HJIH B hi c Ty n a.

TI pH

3a):{aHHH OTCTYOa Ha'laJIO nepBOM CTPOKH no OTHO-

rneHHIO K Ha'laJIY BCex nocJieJJ:YIOll(HX CTPOK CJJ:BHraeTC.SI BnpaBO Ha HeKoTopoe paccTO.SIHHe. TipH 3a;:i:aHHH BhICTYOa Ha'laJIO nepBo:U CTPOKH no OTHOllleHHIO K Ha'laJIY Bcex nocne;:i:yIOll(HX CTPOK CJJ:BHraeTC.SI BJieBO Ha HeKOTopoe paCCTO.SIHHe. TipH C03L{aHHH JJ:OKYMeHTa nepahle H IIOCJieL{HHe CTPOKH a63aua MOryT OKaJaThC.SI COOTBeTCTBeHHO JIH6o B nocne;:i:tte:U, JIH6o B nepBOM CTPOKe CTPaHHI~bI.

B 3TOM cnyqae HX HaJhlBaIOT

B 11 c .si: q 11 M 11 c T p o-

K a M H. IlpH HaCTPOMKe napaMeTPOB a63auea CJie;:i:yeT HCKJIIO'IHTb B03MO:>KHOCTb IIO.SIBJieHH.SI BHCH'IHX CTPOK.

MeJICOycmpO'-IHblU UHmep8Q/l -

3TO mrrepBaJI Me)l{)zy CTPOKaMH Bttyr-

PH a63aua, KOTOphlH 3a;:i:aeTC.S1 B pa3Mepax BhlCOThl CHMBOJia.

B TeKCTO-

BbIX pe.n;a.IcrOpax npIDUIThl CJie.n;yiolllHe OCHOBHhle pa3Mephl Me:X<;DyCTPQ'lHbIX HHTepBaJIOB: OJJ:HHapHbIH, IIOJIYTOPHhlM, JJ:BOMHOM. KOHTpOnbHble eonpOCbl

1. Ha KaJGIX npHHI.Umax OCHOBaHbI TeKCTOBbIH H rpaqmqecKHH pe:lKHMbI ynpaBJieHJUI 3KpaHOM .UHCTIJieH? 2. lfro TaKoe TIHKCe11? 3. f.ue npHMeHHIOTCH TeKCTOBbie pe.uaKTOpbI? 4. KaKHMH napaMeTpaMH xapaKTep113yeTCH cTpattwu.a .UOKYMettrn? 5. lfro TaKOe a63au. H KaKHMH napaMeTpaMH OH xapaKTep113yeTCH?

r11aea 2 TEKCTOBblE PE,QAKTOPbl MICROSOFT WORD

2.1. 06nacn1 3<j><j>eKTMBHoro npMMeHeHM.R TeKCTOBblX peAaKTopoe .[(ml np1rnepa paccMO'fPHM TeKCTOBhie pe.uaKTophI Word qmpMhI Microsoft, TaK KaK, Bo-nepBhlX, OHH co.uepxaT npaK1W1eCKH Bee coBpeMeHHhie TeXHOJionrn He TOJlbKO )l)UI C03.UaHIDI OT.UeJlbHblX .ueJIOBblX .UOK}'MeHTOB, HOH )l)UI pa3pa60TKH Ha npe.unpIDITIDIX aBTOMaTH3HpoBaHHblX CHCTeM HH<i>OpMaUHOHHOro o6ecneqeHIDI, a BO-BTOpbIX, OHH B3aHMO.UeHCTB}'IOT co BCeMH npHJIOXeHIDIMH CHCTeMbl Windows, B TOM 1111cJie c ra6JIJlqffbJMH npoueccopaMH 11 c11creMaMH yrrpaBJieHIDI 6aJaMH .URHHblX (CYB.ll:), KOTOpble HRXO.llRT Bee 60JibIIIee npHMeHeHHe B CHCTeMax ynpaBJieHIDI npe.unpIDITIDIMH. CpaBHHBWI pa311JlqHble BepcHH pe.uaICTopoB Word (2.0, 5.5, 6.0, 97), HeTPY.llHO 3aMeTIITb, ~o B KIDK.llOH HOBOH BepcHH npOHCXO.UHT pacIIIHpeHHe TeXHJlqeCKHX B03MO)KHOCTeH npH coxpaHeHHH BCex ocHOBHblX TeXHOJIOI'H'leCKHX npHeMOB pa6oTbl. 0.llHaKO CJie.uyeT OTMeTHTh, qTo Ka)K.llaJl HOBaJl Bepcllil TIJe6yeT YBeJIJlqeHIDI pecypCOB naMHTH KOMilbIOTepa. Hanp11Mep, B pe.uaKTope Word 97 3Haq1neJihHO pacurnpeHhI rpa<t>JlqeCKHe B03MO)KHOCTH, H 'ITO O'leHb BR)KHO, Ha Harn B3fJIHJJ., BBe.ueHa B03M0)!(}{0CTb coxpaHeHIDI C03.UaHHOfO .UOKyMeHTa B <t>opMaTe HTML, Heo6xo.uHMOM )l)UI nepe.ua11H HH<i>opMaUHH B ceTh Internet. TeKCTOBhie pe.uaKTOphI Word MOryT HcnoJih30BaThCH c BhICOKOH 3<l><l>eKTHBHOCTblO B CJie.UYJOIIJHX HanpaBJieHHHX: • pa3pa6oTKa OT'leTOB, TeXHH'leCKHX HHCTIJYKUHH H TeKCTOBblX .uoK}'MeHTOB KOHC'fPYKTOpCKOH .UOK}'MeHTaUHH; • pa3pa60TKa THilOBbIX <t>opM B .ueJionpOH3BO.UCTBe; • COCTaBJieHHe Ta6JIH'IHblX .UOKYMeHTOB; • peKJiaMa H MapKeTHHr; • C03.UaHHe aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHblX CHCTeM HH<t>opMaUHOHHOro o6ecneqeHIDI. Pa3pa60TKa oT'leToe, TeXH1111ecKHX HHCTpYKJI.Hii H TeKcToewx .umcyMeHTOB KOHCTpytcropcKoii ,ll,OtcyMeHTa~. B 3THX CJIY'laJCX Word no3BOJIHeT He TOJibKO 6bIC'fPO H B COOTBeTCTBHH c TPe6oBaHIDIMH HOpMaTHBHblX .uoK}'MeHTOB (fOCToB, OCToB H .up.) o<t>opMHTh .uoK}'MeHTaumo, HO H BHeCTH B Hee Heo6XO.UHMYJO rpa<t>1111eCKYJO HH<i>opMaUHIO (rpa<i>HKH, .UHarpaMMbl, pHCyttKH, <t>ororpa<i>HH H .up.). Pa3pa60TKa THnoewx cl>oPM e ,11,eJionpoa3eo,11,CTBe. Ha npe.unpIDITHHX npHMeIDIIOT pa3JIH11Hble BH.llbl .UOK}'MeHTOB, KOTOphie o<t>opMJIHIOTCH no onpe.ueJieHHhIM npaBHJiaM H THnOBhIM <t>opMaM (6JiaHKaM). TeK-

cTOBbie pe.uaKTopbI Word npe.uocTaBIDIIOT noJib30BaTeJIIO B03MO)KHOCTb C03.UaBaTb rna6JIOHbl TUTIOBbIX .UOI<yMeHTOB, KOTOpbie MOryT 3aTIOJIIDITbCH " ne'IaTaTbCH no Mepe Heo6XO)J,UMOCTU, B TOM 'IUCJie " nmorpa¢>cKHx 6JiaHKax.

CocTaBJieuae Ta6Jill'IHhlX .ll.OIQ'MeHTOB. 0.UHHM 113 .uocTOUHCTB TeKCTOBbIX pe.uaKTopos Word HBIDieTcH B03MO)KHOCTh coJ.uaHUH .uoI<yMeHTOB, co.uep)J(amux UH¢>opMaumo B Ta6JIU'IHOM BH,Jle. Ha OCHOBe TaKUX Ta6JIU'IHbIX .UOI<yMeHTOB B03M0)KH0 npose.uettue aHaJIU3a 'IHCJIOBOH uH¢>opMauuu nocpe.ucTBOM ee npeo6pa3osaHHH s rpa¢>uKU u .uuarpaMMhI, a TaKXe aBTOMaTH'IeCKOe BblTIOJIHeHHe He06XO.UUMbIX pacqeTOB. IlpH'IeM 3TO MO)KHO BblTIOJIIDITb KaK Henocpe.LJ,CTBeHHO B TeKCTOBOM pe.uaKTope, TaK H CBH3b1Basl TIO.UfOTOBJieHHhie Ta6JIHUbl c Ta6JIH'IHb1MH npoueccopaMu Excel. BoJMO)KHOCTh npuMeHeHIDI TeKCTOBblX peJJ,aKTopoB MH COCTaBJieHIDI Ta6JIU'IHblX .UOK}'MeHTOB onpe.ueJIHeT ux '.lcl><t>eKTHBHOCTb npu Be,ZJ.eHHH H RHaJIH3e 3KOHOMU11eCKOH .LJ,eHTeJlbHO-

cm npe,n,npIDITHH,

a TaKXe cocTaBJiemm oT'!eToB no o6pa6oTKe 3Kc-

nepHMeHTMhHblX ,Ll,RHHblX HayqHhIX HCCJie,Ll,OBaIIHit PeuaMa a MapKeTlllll'. 0.n.ttoii H3 3a,n,aq peKJiaMHoii H MapKeTUHronoit ,l(eHTeJibHOCTH npe,n;npIDITHH HBJIHeTCH npO,Ll,BH)J(eHHe co6cTBeHHOi1: npOJlYKUHH, TOBapoB H yc.rryr Ha BHyTpeHHUX H Me)J(,Ll,yHapo,Ll,HblX pbIHKax. 3¢>¢>eKTUBHOCTb 3TOH .n;eHTeJibHOCTU BO MHOfOM onpe,n;eJIHeTCH cnoco6oM nepe.ua'IH peKJiaMHbIX MaTepHMOB IlOTeHUUaJibHbIM noTpe6HTeJIHM TOBapoB " yc.rryr: • ny6JIHKaU,UH MaTepUaJIOB B cpe.ucrnax MaCCOBOH UH<t>opMauuu; • a,n,pecHaH IlO'ITOBasI paCCbIJIKa; • ucnoJib30BaHue ceTu Internet; • UCTIOJib30BaHue 3JieKTPOHHOH nO'-ITbI; • a,n;pecHaH paCCbIJIKa no <t>aKCMO.LJ,eMHOM CBH3U. ITocJie.UHUe Tpu cnoco6a HBJIHIOTCH He TOJihKO secbMa 3¢>¢>eKTUBHbIMU c TO'-IKH 3peHHH CKOPOCTH .UOCTaBKH HH<t>opMaU,UH noTeHUHaJibHOMY 3aKa3'-IHKY, HO u caMbIMH .ueweBbIMH. Bo3MO)KHOCTU TeKCTOBbIX pe.uaKTopos Word .uenaioT ux npHBJieKaTeJihHbIMH .llJIH peKJiaMbI 11 MapKeTHHra B npOU3BO.UCTBe H 6U3Hece. Co3,ZJ.anae aeToMaTH3Hpoeauuwx cacTeM auclJopMaQ11ouuoro 06ecne'leHHJ1. 0.UHOM 113 npo6JieM COBpeMeHHbIX npe.unpHHTHH HBIDieTCH onepaTHBHoe o6ecne'-leHHe coTpy,n;HHKOB HH¢>opMau,11ei1. TexHoJIOrHH IIOJiyqeHHH npOH3BO.UCTBeHHOM HH<t>opMaU,HH B HeKOTOpOH CTeneHH aHaJIOfH'-IHa pa6oTe 6H6JIUOTeK. KaK HJBecTHO, '-IT06b1 noJiyqHTh Heo6xo.UHMYJO KHHry B 6116n110TeKe HyxHO onpe,n;eJIHTb MeCTO ee xpaHeHHH no UMeIOIUeMyCH KaTaJIOry, a 3aTeM JIU6o caMOMY HaHTH Ha IIOJIKe, JIH6o nopy'-IHTb 3TO c.ueJiaTb 6u6JIHOTeKapIO. Pa3pa6aTbIBaH npoH3BO.UCTBeHHbie .uoKyMeHTbI B KOMIIbIOTepHoM BH,n;e, T. e. c nOMOIUbIO TeKCTOBbIX HJIH rpa¢>11'-1eCKUX CHCTeM, MO)J(HO co3.uasaTb KOMnhIOTepHbie 6aHKU .uaHHbIX. EcJIH Ha npe.unpHHTUH HMeeTCH JIOKaJibHasI Bbl'-IHCJIHTeJibHaH ceTb, .UOCTYII K JII060MY .UOI<yMeHTY

MO)l(eT fihJTh ocymeCTBJieH c npHMettemteM meXHO/l02UU cunepCCbl/lOK. JJ,OCTaTO~fHO B KaJK,ZI.OM KOMilhIOTepe nOJih30BaTeJUI HMeTh Karn11or cymecTByiolll;i;1x Ha npeJJ,npWinm JJ.OK}'MeHTOB c rnnepcchUJ~ KaMH Ha MecTo HX xpaHeHWI. TaKHe KaTanorH Moryr pa3pa6aThIBaThC.R c npHMettettHeM TeKCTOBhlX peJJ.aKTopoa Word , HaqHttrui: c eepcHH 97. B 3TOM CJI}"lae, npocTo ll\emozye MhIIIIhIO no cTpoKe c HMetteM AOKYMeHTa, ero MO)l(HO B TeqettHe HeCKOJlhKHX CeKYHJJ, J],OCTaBHTh Il0Jlb30~ BaTeJIIO npRMO Ha pafioqee MeCTO.

,[(ml 3TOro

2.2. TexHononu• pa3pa6oTKlll AenoeblX AOKYMeHTOB B TeXHOJIOrHH pa3pa6oTKH JJ,eJIOBhfX JJ.OK}'MeHTOB a TeKCTOBhlX pe~ JJ,aKTopax Word MO)l(HO pa3.JllfqHTh c11eJJ,YJOll\He 3Tanhl: • 3arpy3Ka ( OTKphITHe) TeKCTOBOro peJJ,aKTopa; • BhICTaBKa napaMeTpoB cTpaHHU:hl (J],IDI ecero JJ.OK}'Mettrn); • BhICTaBKa napaMeTpoe a63au;ea (J],IDI acero JJ.OK}'MettTa); • C03JJ,aHHe J],OK}'MeHTa; • coxpattem1e JJ.OK}'MeHTa; • BhlXOJ], H 3aKphITHe peJJ,aKTopa. 3arpy3Ka (oTKpblTHe) TeKcToaoro pe,11,aKTOpa. KaK H3BecTtto, n CH~ cTeMe Windows OTKphITHe JJ.OK}'MettTa (HJIH npHJIO)l(eHWI) CBO.llHTCff Kero noHCKY H aKTHBH3au;HH. AKTHBH3HpoaaTh JJ.OK}'MeHT (HJI» npHMicrosoft Word - llo•~MeKTl

llifa f3

Pnc. 2.1. OKHo TeKCToaoro peJJ:aicropa Microsoft Word 97

JIO)l(eH11e) 03Ha11aeT OTKpbITb ero M5I npoeMOTpa MJIM BbIIIOJIHemrn. 3TOro Heo6XO,[(MMO Bbl,[(eJIMTb MM51 3TOfO ,[(OK)'MeHTa MJIM eooT-

ArrH

BeTeTBYJOIIIMH eMY 3Ha1IOK M IIIeJIKH)'Tb no HeMY JieBOH KHOnKOH MbllIIM. Ha p11e. 2.1 noKa3aHO OKHO pe;::i;aKTopa Microsoft Word 97' KOTOpoe noeJie OTKpbITIDI no.SIBmieTe.SI Ha 3KpaHe MOHMTOpa. IlpM OTKpbITMM pe.naKTopa M5I e03,[(aHIDI HOBOfO )l;OK)'MeHTa B eTpOKe 3aroJIOBKa no.SIBmieTe.SI nepBOHa'IaJibHOe MM51 3Toro ,[(OK)'MeHTa -

,l(oKyMeHm 1. ,l1;JIH pe.naKTMpOBaHIDI paHee

e03,[(aHHOfO ,[(OK)'MeHTa Heo6XO,[(MMO aKTMBM3MpoBaTb ero <t>a:H:JI. IlpM 3TOM npOM30:H:.[(eT 3arpy3-

Ka pe.naKTOpa eOOTBeTeTBYJOIIIMM ,[(OK)'MeHTOM, np1111eM B 3arpyxeHHOM ;::i;oK)'MeHTe eoxpaHHTe.SI Bee napaMeTpbI, 3a.[(aHHbie np11 ero pa3pa6oTKe.

BYcTasn napaMeTpOB CTPa~ (AJIH scero JJ.OK)'MeHTa). Ilpe)l()J;e tieM npHeTYflaTb K pa3pa6oTKe .llOK)'MeHTa peKOMeH]lyeTe.SI BhieTaBHTb napaMeTphI rorn ero eTpaHHu;. 3a,[(aHIDI napaMeTpOB eTpaHHD;bI Heo6XO,[(HMO BbIIIOJIHHTb e11e-

ArrH

JlYIDIIIHe .ue:H:eTBIDI: ~ IIIeJIKffYTb MbIIIIbIO no MeHIO <PaWi; ~ BhI6paTb B OTKPbIBIIIeMe.SI OKHe KOMaHJlY

Ilap(J.Mempbl cmpaHUU,bl

(pHe. 2.2), noeJie BbIIIOJIHeHIDI KOTOpo:H: no.SIBHTe.SI ,llHaJIOfOBOe OKHO M5I yeTaHOBKH rrapaMeTpOB eTpaHHD;hI;

~ aKTHBH3HpOBaTb pa3,[(eJI IloJLH, IIIeJIKHYB JieBOH KHOnKOH MbIIIIH no ero Ha3BaHHIO, noeJie qero no.SIBHTe.SI OKHO M5I yeTaHOBKH eOOTBeTeTBYJOIIIMX napaMeTpOB; ~ yeTaHOBHTb pa3MepbI none:H:. IlpH'IeM, eeJIM pa3Mep JieBoro noAA

2,5

MM, TO none M5I rrepeIIJieTa MO)l(HO 3a,[(aTb paBHbIM ttymo; yeTaHOBHTb pa3Mepbl KOJIOHTMTYJIOB B 3aBMeHMOeTM OT BM,[(a TeK-

eTa MJIM pa3MepOB pMeyttKOB; ~ B OKHe IlpUMeHUfflb BbI6paTb rrapaMeTp

Ko 6CeMy aoKyMeHmy MJIM

Omc10aa u ao KOHU,a; ~ aKTHBH3MpoBaTb pa3,lleJI

Pa3Mep 6yMacu;

~ yeTaHOBMTb pa3Mep 6YMar11, eOOTBeTeTBYJOIIIHH pa3Mepy e03,llaBaeMoro JlOK)'MeHTa; ~ B oKHax

IllupuHa

Bbtcoma

3a.[(aTb eooTBeTeTBYJOIIIHe pa3MepbI

JIMeTa; ~ B OKHe

OpueHmau,uJt Bh16paTh rrapaMeTp KHU;J1CHaJ1 MJIM Arlb60MHaJt. IlpH Bb16ope rrapaMeTpa KHU;JICHaJt none M.SI rrepeIIJieTa, MJIM Jle6oe, 6y.neT paenonaraTbe.SI Ha ,llJIMHHOH eTopoHe JIMeTa. Ilp11 BhI6ope rrapaMeTpa Arlb60MHaJt none rorn rrepeIIJieTa 6y.neT paenonaraTbe.SI Ha Y3KOH eTopoHe JIMeTa, a TeKeT - B,[(OJib ero urnpOKOH eTOPOHhI; ~ IIIeJIKffYTb MbllllblO no KHOIIKe [OK] ,[(MaJIOfOBOfO OKHa. BhlcTaBKa napaMeTpOB a63au,es (AJIH ecero )J.OK)'MeHTa). Ilp11 pa3pa6oTKe ,[(OK)'MeHTa peKOMeHJlYeTe.SI yeTaHOBHTb napaMeTpbl a63au;eB, KOTOpb1e 6y.uyT eoxpaHeHbI rorn Beem JlOK)'MeHTa. Een11 .umi: OT,[(eJibHOro a63au;a 6y.neT tty)l(HO H3MeHHTb rrapaMeTpbI, TO ero Bbl,[(eJI.SIIOT M yeTaHaBJIHBaIOT Tpe6yeMbie napaMeTpbl TOJibKO M5I 3TOro a63au;a.

['j

Co3Mfb.. .

r+T

~ QrKpbrTb.. .

Ctrl+tU

;;!aKpbrrb

lifl .(;o•paH"1'b

Sh11t+F12

Co:.cpaHHTb .tS:aK... Co~paH"1'b B <1>opMare HTML.

B;:pc>M ..

e_a3Mep 6yMan1

!l_epxHee:

lflD

!:!.i-·nKHee:

j2,5 CM

0Tnpae1-rrg CeofjcTBa

n~soe:

13 CM

np@oe:

12 CM

nepenaer:

jo CM

J !1_croYH11K 6yMan1 f

M_aKer

06pa3eu ----~

OT Kpas:i AO KOJlOHTJ.1Tyna sepf.Hero:

jl,25 CM

HH~Hero:

jl,25 CM

IKo see

My AOKyMeHTY

? O.onA

L.~~.~-h·~·F.L~.i.~-~-~~J } ~CTOYHl1K 6yMan1

Pa3Mep §yMarn:

::J

jM 210 x 297 mm !JJ_HpHHa:

121

!'2.blCOTa:

129,7 CM

f.'

]

M_aKeT }

6pa>e,...u_ _ _ _-,,

~ ~

KHHW:Has;

no YMOn~aHHt<l, ,, l

OTMeHa

Puc. 2.2. )J,HaJioroBbie oKHa AJUI ycTaHOBKH napaMe'fPOB C'fPaHHU

Ha pMc. 2.3 rroKa3aHbI JJ.mmoroBbie OKHa .lI)UI 3aJJ,aHIDI rrapaMeTJ)OB a63au;eB. IlapaMe'l'pbI a63au;a ycTattarumBaIOT B cJieJJ.YIOmeM rropsmKe: =) meJIKHYfh MhilllhIO no MeHIO <PopMam; =) B OTKpbIBllleMCH OKHe BbI6paTb KOMaHJJ.Y A63a~, IlOCJie BbIIlOJIHeHHH KOTOpo:U IlOHBHTCH COOTBeTCTBYJOIIIee )J,lfaJIOfOBOe OKHO; =) aKTHBH3MpoBaTb BKJiaJJ.KY Omcmynbl u uHmepBa!lbl; =) 3aJJ,aTb cJieJJ.YIOIIIHe rrapaMe'l'pbI a63au;a: 0111~1flYn (MeBa u cnpaBa), Ilep80.ll cmp01ca, HHmep8a!l (nepeiJ If n~qt1e aooa~a), MeJ1Ccmpo11HblU (HHTepBan), BbtpaBHUBaHue (no llIMpHl-ie1 u;eHTPY, neBOMY HJIH rrpaBOMY KPaIO). · , ·

91·:·--· !A

J!!PH<!>'f...

1= [f!HCOK... ~_§

1$:0J10HKH...

Orcrynbl H lliiTepeanbl

!a6!JJ1RUHR ..

~1paBHHBattt1e:

l nono~eHHe

Ha CTpaHHU,e

no neBOMY Kpal'O

Orcryn cn.esa:

capaea:

lo CM lo CM

nepsaa. cTpOKa:

!:id:

jorcryn

jl,27 CM

Jom j6m

~ ~

VIHrepean n§PM;

nQ..cne:

t1.e:IKAYCTP04HbU'.1:

10AHHapHbU1

~a4eH11e:

3 I

06pa3eu

Orcrynb1 11 ttHrepea11b1

LB.~.~g.i~~.~~~-·:~~~---.~~ie·~~-~~J

Pa36"1BKa Ha CTpaHHU.bt ,,......,~.,....,

P" 3ao.per BHCs:lYHX CTPOK

t1.e pa3pbl63Tb afoau

'90PeTl1Tb HyMepauHto CTPOK

r c c HO!!_OH crpaHHUbl

He Q._TpblBaTb OT Cllea,ytotUero

3g_npeTt1Tb aBTOMdTH4€CK~1H nepeHOC mos

06pa3eu

.....,.,.a;,..,._,..,..,,.,,

Clip111CQ...,..,,.,, Ofipm.,,,..,..,,.,, O!ipmca.....,... Olipmca......,... O&pm"ll. Ofipmq;i, .....,..,. 'IUClll Olipm<a, ....,... Olipm<q, .....,..,. O'ipmca. ....,... O'iipmqi, .....,..,.

a:;,..,.._

O&pmq;i......,..,. Olipm"<V, .....cra Ofipmo;a,....,... OliipmCQ......,..,.

PHc. 2.3. )l;mUioroahle oKHa MH ycTaHOBKH rrapaMeTpoa a63a~a

JIOCJie yCTaHOBKH napaMeTpOB IIporpaMMa aBTOMaTJPieCKH oy,ll,eT pacno11araTb TeKCT Ha CTpam1ue (3a,ll,aHHhie 'HICJIO CTPOK H CHMBOJIOB B cTpoKe). Kypcop B Ha'lane cTpaHHUhl 6y,L1,eT TaIOKe pacrronaraThCH Ha 3a)J,aHHOM paCCTOHHHH;

~ aKTHBH3HpOBaTh BKJIMKY

II011o:J1Ce11ue 11a cmpa11ul{e;

~ YCTaHOBHTh KOMaH,ll,y 3anpem 6UCR'tUX cmpoK (B OKHe IIOSIBHTCH 3HaK

y");

~ ll.l,eJIKHYTh MhllllhlO no KHOIIKe [OK] )J,HaJIOroBoro OKHa. IlocJie ycTaHOBKH napaMeTpOB CTpaHHUhl H a63aueB MO.}l(HO rrpwCTYfiaTb K C03)J,aHHlO ,ll,OKYMeHTa. Co3,ll.auae .11.oicyMeHTa. Co3,ll,aHwe ,ll,OK}'MeHTa 03Ha'laeT tta6op w coxpattem1e TeKCTa B COOTBeTCTBHH c Tpe6oBaHHHMH K KOtlKPeTHOMY THny ,ll,OK}'MeHTOB. PaccMoTpHM HeKoTophle TeXHH'lecKHe rrp11eMbl ,

He06XO.Ll,HMhie npH C03.Ll,aHHH .Ll,OK}'MeHTa. Ilpe)J()le Bcero, TIOHCHHM OCHOBHhie TIOHHTH5I H TepMHHhl, KOTOpbie He 6bIJIH onpe.Ll,eJieHhl paHee: BH.Ll, rnpmt>rn; TeKCTOBhIH KYPCOP H CHMBOJI KOHLJ,a TeKcTa; MacrnTa6 H MaCIIITa6HpOBaHHe TeKCTa.

BuiJ Ulpu,Pma. ,U1rn

Ha6opa TeKcTa B pe.LJ.aKTopax Word B pacnopH-

)l(eHHH TIOJih30BaTeAA HMeeTCH .LJ.OCTaTOlJHO 60JihIIIOe lJHCJIO rnpml>TOB, xapaKTep113yeMhIX CJie.LJ.YIOILl,HMH OCHOBHhIMH napaMe'rpaMH: THIlOM, HallepTaHHeM, pa3MepoM. KpoMe Toro, np11 o¢opMJieHHH .LJ.OK}'MeHTa TeKcT MO)l(}{O BhI.LJ.eAATh u,seTOM, HHTepBaJiaMH Me)J()ly 6YKBaMH 11 .LJ.pyrHMH np11eMaM11. YcTaHOBJieHHhie

/Io yM01111aHu10

napaMeTIJhI rnp11¢Ta 3a.LJ.aHhI .Ll.J15I Bcero

.LJ.OK}'MeHTa. EcJIH .Ll.J15I OT.LJ.eJihHoro ¢parMeHT&TeKcTa Heo6xo.LJ.HMO 113MeHHTh napaMe'fPhI rnp11¢Ta, TO 3TOT ¢parMeHT BhI.LJ.eAAIOT 11 3a.LJ.aIOT Tpe6yeMhie napaMe'fPhI TOJihKO .Ll.J15I Hero. Bh16op napaMe'fPOB rnp11¢TOB npOH3BO.Ll,HTCH B CJie.LJ.YIOILl,eM IlOPMKe:

~ aKTHBH3HpoBaTb MeHIO </JopMam; ~ B OTK!'bIBIIIeMCH OKHe BbI6paTb MeHIO filpurjJm; ~ B IlOHBHBIIIHXCH .Ll.HaJIOfOBhIX OKHax Bb16paTb 'rpe6yeMbie napaMe'rphl. Ha pHc.

2.4 noKaJaHbI )lHaJIOroBbie

oma .Ll.J15I Bb16opa napaMe'fPOB

IIIPH¢Ta.

Te1t:cm0Bwii KYPCOP u CUMBOA 1t:ouqa me1t:cma. TeKCTOBbIH Kypcop « I», YKa3hIBaIOILl,HH, Ky)la

npe,llCTaBAAeT co6oii sepT:11KaJihHbIH III'fPHX

B .Ll,aHHhIH MOMeHT 6y.LJ.eT BBO.Ll,HThCH TeKCT, BCTaBJIHThCH p11cyHOK HJIH Ta6JIHLJ,a. TeKCTOBhIH Kypcop nepe.LJ.BHraIOT c noMOILl,hJO KJiaBttIII ynpaBJieHHH KypcopoM HJIH c TIOMOILl,hIO MhlIIIH (meJIKaH ee JieBOH KHOTIKOH B HYJKHOM MeCTe .Ll.OK}'MeHTa). CHMBOJI KOHu,a TeKCTa npe.LJ.CTaBAAeT co6oi1: ropH30HTa.rihHhIH III'fPHX

«-»,

KOTOphIH HaXO.Ll,HTCH TOJihKO B KOHLJ,e TeKCTa H He MO)l(eT 6bITh

nepe.LJ.BHHYT npoH3BOJihHO. EcJIH 3Toro CHMBOJia HeT Ha 3KpaHe, Heo6xo.LJ.MMo aKTHBH3HpoBaTh Memo

HbtU.

IlpM 3TOM cJiesa OT cJioBa

Bua 11 BhI6paTh KOMaH.LJ.Y HopMallb-

HopMallbHbtu

noHBMTCH MeTKa (TOllKa),

a B KOHLJ,e TeKCTa IlOHBMTCH ropM30HTaJihHhlH IIITPMX (CHMBOJI KOHLJ,a TeKCTa).

MacU1ma6 u MacU1ma6upoBauue me1t:cma.

Macrnrn6 onpe,lleJIHeT

¢opMaT M306pa)l(eHH5I .Ll.OK}'MeHTa B npou,eHTHOM Bhlpa)l(eHMM no OTHOIIIeHHIO K ero HOpMaJihHhIM pa3MepaM. Hanp11Mep, Macrnrn6

200 %

03HalJaeT' lJTO OTo6pa)l(eHHe .Ll.OK}'MeHTa .Ll,OJI)l(HO 6bITh B.Ll,BOe KpynHee ero HOPMaJihHoro pa3Mepa, a Macrnrn6 100 MeHT OT06pa)l(aeTCH B HaTYpaJihHOM BH.Ll,e. Macrnrn611poBaHMe TeKcTa -

03HalJaeT, lJTO .LJ.OKy-

3TO npou,ecc yseJIHlJeHH5I HJIH YMeHh-

rneHMH pa3Mepa l1306pa)l(eHHH TeKCTa Ha 3KpaHe. Macrnrn6upoBaHMe TeKcTa MO)l(}{O ocymecTBMTh .LJ.BYMH cnoco6aMM: c noMOILl,hIO KOMaH.LJ.hI HHH B OKHe

Macwma6

Macwma6 M3

Memo

Bua M BbI6opoM 3HalJe-

Ha naHeJIM HHCTpYMeHTOB.

WpH!l!_r:

j11bMID@lljiij System

lo6bl4Hbl.::i

Tahorna Tempus Sans ITC

Kypc11B nony>Kl1pHbli1

mTiliieriillmllinaf!l

nony>Kl1pHbo1 KYPCl1B

mm••••:...J..:.f

!J.ser:

I•

ABTO

:'lcjicjieKTbl

~a'-!epKHYTbli1

r: ll.BOi1Hoe >aYepKHBaHHe r r

B§PXHi-111 11HA8KC

Hl1~Hl1i111HA8KC

~-------1

\!JpHcjiT

r: MS.flble npom1cHb1e

C TeHbtQ.

f'j !S.OHTYP

np11nOAH8.Tbli1

[i.'l_i;;:~P~-~i!J AH!1MaUH~

Macwra!i:

j100%

lllH~pean:

jo6bt4Hbn1

CM!l_Ul8HHe: JHeT

~ce npom1cHbte CKP!>!.Tbli1

3 ti

K_epHHHr AOs:f Cl1MBOllOB pa3MepoM:

' - - - - - - - - - ; !,!JpHcjiT

tta:

i.l

H§..:

I lllHTepBal!

{!YHKTOB H 6onee

[~~\i~~~;;] j

!l.HA: KpacHble Mypaab11 Mepuatt11e MHrat0U1HH cjioH Heottoaa~ peKnaMa U>eHepeepK 4epHblB MypaBbl1

PHc. 2.4 . .Ll:HaJioroBhie OK.Ha MJI Bh16opa napaMel'pOB rnpHqna

ilOCJie 3anHCH ,UOK)'MeHTa B $aful BbI6paHHbie napaMe'fPbl C'fPaHHU:, a63aU:eB H IlIPHcPTOB coxpaIDIIOTCH, T. e. npH nocne.uyiorn:eM BBO.ue <Pafula ,UJI5I pe,UaKTHpOBaHHH HJIH npo,UOIDKeHH51 Ha6opa TeKCTa BbICTaBJI51Tb HX He TIJe6yeTcH. CTp11 tta6ope TeKcTa BHY'fPH a63au:a tteo6xo,n:11Mo cne,UHTb TOJibKO 3a co6n10,n:ett11eM 3HaKOB npen11HaHH5I 11 op<Porpa$11eit IlporpaMMa aBTOMaTW:IecKH pa306beT a63au: Ha CTpOKH H BblpOBIDieT HX no IlIHPHHe. CTpH BbipaBHHBaHHH TeKcTa no rn11p11He MO)l(}fO ycTaHOBHTb nepettoc cnoB, .LLJUI qero Heo6xo,n:11Mo B MeHIO Cep6uc BbI6paTb KOMaH,LIJ' Ilepenoc CJI06 ... H B noHBHBilieMCH ,UHaJIOrOBOM OKHe c,n:eJiaTb COOTBeTCTBy10w:11e ycTaHOBKH. Ilocne OKOHl.JaHHH tta6opa TeKCTa o.uttoro a63au:a 11 np11 nepexo.ue K ,n:pyrOMY a63au:y cne,n:yeT HIDKaTb KJiaBHilIY [Enter]. Kypcop aBTOMaTHl.JeCKH CMeCTHTCH K Hal.Jany CJie,UYJOrn:ero a63au:a.

1-fraK, Mbl 110,n:roTOBIDUI pe,n:aKTOp K C03)];aHHlO )];OK)'MeHTa B coOTBeTCTBHH c Tpe6oBaHHHMH paCl10JIO)!(eHHH TeKCTa Ha JIHCTe 6)'MarH. Ho 11pe)!()];e qeM 11pHCTYIIHTh K pa3pa6oTKe ,n:oK)'MeHTa, 11p11Be,n:eM ew,e HeCKOJibKO 11paKTHqecKHX COBeTOB 110 Ha6opy H pe,n:aKTHPOBaHHlO TeKCTa.

BBoiJ meKcma.

TeKcT BBOAHTCH B TOM MecTe, r,n:e Haxo,n:HTCH TeK-

CTOBhIH KYPCOp. IlepeMern,eHHe KYPCOpa B MeCTO BBO,n:a BbIIIOJIHHeTCH !J.BYMH c11oco6aMH: c 110MOW,bl0 KJiaBHIII 11epeMern,eHHH HJIH c 110MOllJ,blO Mblllilf. BTopo:H c11oco6 HBJIHeTcH Ha116onee 6bICTphIM H CBOAHTCH K cne,n:y10w,11M ,n:eHCTBHHM: YKa3aTeJib MbIIIIH l10Mew,a10;r B Heo6xo,n:HMOe MecTO Ha 3KpaHe H w,enKaIOT JieBOH KJiaBHIIIeH MbIIIIH.

IlepeiJBUJtCeuue no meKcmy 11.11u

nepeMe~euue

meKcma ua 3Kpaue.

3TH ,n:eHCTBHH 11pOH3BOMTCH TaKXe JIH6o c 110MOW,bl0 KJiaBHarypbl, JIH60 MbIIIIblO. IlepeMern,eHHe KYPCOpa H 11pOKPYTKa TeKCTa c 110MOID;bl0 KJiaBHaTYPhl ocyw,ecTB.mreTcH KJiaBHIIIaMH [ ~], [ ~],

[i], [J,].

Ilp11 HaxaTHH

KJiaBHIII [Home], [End], [Page Up], [Page Down] KYPCOP 11epeMew,aeTcH COOTBeTCTBeHHO B Haqano CTpOKH, B KOHeu; CTpOKH, Ha OKHO BBepx, Ha OKHO BHH3. Ecn11 11epeq11cneHHb1e KJiaBHIIIH HaxHMaTb B coqernHHH c KJiaBHIIIe:H

[Ctrl],

IlpOHCXO)];HT ycKopeHHOe rrepeMeW,eHHe KYPCOpa: [~] -

Ha CJIOBO BJieBO,

[~] -

Ha CJIOBO BrrpaBO,

Ha a63au; BHH3; [Home] AOK)'MeHTa; [Page Up] -

[i] -

Ha a63au; BBepx,

[-1-] -

B Haqano )];OK)'MeHTa, [End] -

B KOHeu;

B Haqano OKHa, [Page Down] -

B KOHeu:

OKHa. Mo)!(Ho rroJib30BaTbCH KJiaBmnaMH yrrpaBJieHHH KYPCOpoM Ha u:mppoBo:H KJiaBHarype, ecnH BhIKJI10qeHa 110,n:cBeTKa

Num Lock,

yrrpaBJIH-

eMM HaxaTHeM O)];HOHMeHHOH KJiaBHIIIH. IlepeMeW,eHHe TeKCTa c 110MOW,bl0 MbIIIIH (rrpOKPYTKa TeKCTa) ocyw,ecTBJIHeTCH 11pH HCl10Jlb30BaHHH 110JIOC rrpOKPYTKH. B pa6oqeM OKHe HMeIOTCH )];Be IIOJIOCbl 11pOKPYTKH -

BepTHKaJihHaH ( c rrpaBoro KPM

OKHa) H ropH30HTaJibHM (BHH3Y OKHa). IlepeMern,eHtte TeKcTa Ha OAHY CTPOKY BBepx HJIH BHH3 rrpott3BOAHTCH w,eJiqKoM MbIIIIH COOTBeTCTBeHHO 110 KJiaBHIIIaM - [i] H [ j,] . .[l.JIH ycKopeHHH rrepeMern,eHHH TeKCTa He06XO)];HMO BbIIIOJIHHTb CJie)];YIOW,He ,n:eHCTBHH:

~ ycTaHOBHTh YKa3aTeJib MhIIIIH Ha rronocy rrpOKPYTKH (YKa3aTeJih 11ptto6peTeT BHA crpenKH); ~

rroMeCTHTh YKa3aTeJib-CTpeJIKY Ha rrpHMoyroJihHYIO KHOIIKY;

y,n:ep)!(}fBaH YKa3aTeJih, HaxaTb neBYIO KHOl1KY MhIIIIH H ITepeMe-

w,aTb ee BBepx HJIH BHH3 ITO 3Kpatty. B HaCTOHW,ee BpeMH ITOHBHJIHCb KOHCTpYKI..J;HH MbIIIIH c ABYMH KHOITKaMH H poJIHKOM. B TaKHX ycrpo:Hcrnax ITPH Bpaw,eHHH ponttKa ITpottcxo,n:HT ITepeMeW,eHHe TeKCTa BBepx HJIH BHH3 ITO 3Kpatty 6e3 HCITOJ1b30BaHHH BepTHKaJibHOH ITOJIOCbl ITpOKPYTKH.

BwiJuenue me1ecma.

fnaBHaJI KOHu;erru;IDI rrp11 pa6oTe c Word BhI-

pIDKaeTcH cnoBaMH: «Bhl.uenHTh 11 o6pa6oTaTM. Bhmenett11e TeKcTa 11n11 ero <f>parMeHTOB Tpe6yeTcH rrp11 BhmontteHHH u:enoro pH,Ua orrepau:11H: Ha6opa H pe.uaKTHPOBaHIDI: y.uaneHIDI, KOIIHpOBaHIDI, <f>opMaTHpoBaHIDI, H3MeHeHIDI IIIPH<i>Ta H .up. BhmenHTh TeKCT MO)l{}{O cne.uyiomHMH crroco6aM11: • BBe,UeHHeM KoMaH,UbI

Bb1aeJ1umb 6ce

B Memo

flpa6Ka

(rrp11 3TOM

Bbl,lleAAeTCH Beeb TeKCT); • HCIIOJib3YH KJiaBHrny yrrpaBneHHH KYPCOpoM; • C IIOMOiu;bIO MblIIIH. Bbl,lleJieHHe reKcTa c IIOMOIUhIO KnaBHIIIH yrrpaMeHIDI KYPCopoM npOH3BO,llHTCH B CJie.llYIOmeM nopH,UKe:

=> ycTaHOBHTb KYPCOp B Haqano Bbl,lleJIHeMOfO TeKcTa; => HWKaTb H He OTnycKaTb KJiaBHIIIY [Shift]; => HaJKaTb KJiaBHllIY ynpaBneHHH KYPCopoM B HanpaaJieHHH

Bbl~

.ueneHIDI (rrpH HIDKaTHH KJiaBHllIH npOHCXO,ll;HT Bbl,lleJieHHe O.D;HOfO CHMBOJia, a npH ee y.uep:xarnaHHH ~ HenpepbIBl:loe Bhl,lleJieHHe TeK& CTa). Cnoco6 Bbl,lleJieHHH reKcTa c noMOIUbIO MbillIH 3aBHCHT oT

roro,

KaKo:H <f>parMeHT TPe6yeTCH BbI.n;eJIHTh: • .n;AA Bbl,lleJieHHH oT.n;enbHo:H 6YKBbI cne.uyeT nocTaBHTh YKa:JateJib

MbIIIIH CJieBa HJIH crrpaBa OT 3TOH 6YKBbl H npH HIDKaTOH neBOH kHon~ Ke MhIIIIH rrepeMecTHTh YKa3arenh Ha pa3Mep 6YKlJhI; • .n;AA Bbl,lleneHIDI cnoaa cne.uyeT ycTaHOBHTh YKa3aTeJib MhIIIIH Ha

JII060H 6YKBe 3TOfO CJIOBa H ,llBIDK,llbl meJIKHYTb ee neBOH KHOIIKoif; • ,llJIH Bbl,lleJieHHH CTPOKH cne.uyeT IIOCTaBHTb yKa3aTeJib MblIIIH Ha rronoce Bhl,lleJieHHH HanpOTHB H)l)KHOH CTpOKH H HIDKaTb ee JieByIO KHOIIKY.

lloAoca 6blaeJleHUR -

3TO HeBH,UHMaH nycrnH rronoca B.llOJih nesoit

rpaHHU:bl OKHa .llOKYMeHTa, HCIIOJih3yeM8JI ,llJIH Bhl,lleJieHHH TeKcTa c IIOMOIIJ;hlO MbIIIIH; • .n;AA Bbl,lleJieHIDI HeCKOJibKHX CTPOK CJie)J.yeT IIOCTaBHTh yKa3aTeJih

MhIIIIH Ha rronoce Bbl,lleJieHIDI HanpOTHB H)l)KHblX CTpOK H rrepe)J,BHfaTh ero BBepx HJIH BHH3, y.n;ep)!{HBaH neByio KHOIIKY; • .D;JIH Bbl,lleJieHIDI npe,llJIO)K.eHIDI CJie)J.yeT IIOMeCTHTh YKa3aTeJih MhIIIIH

B n106oe MeCTO 3TOfO npe,llJIO)K.eHHH, HIDKaTb KJiaBHIIIY [Ctrl] H menKHYTh neBoif KHOIIKOH MhIIIIH; • .n;AA Bbl,lleJieHIDI a63au;a CJie.n;yeT IIOCTaBHTb yKa3aTeJih MblIIIH Ha

nonoce Bhl,lleneHHH ttanponrn 3Toro a63au:a 11 .D;BIDK.llbI menKHYTh ee neBOH KHOIIKOH HnH IIOCTaBHTh YKa3aTeJih B cepe.n;HHe a63au:a H TpH pa3a meJIKffYTh KHOIIKOH MbIIIIH; • .n;AA Bhl,lleJieHIDI Bcero TeKCTa CJie)J.yeT IIOCTaBHTh YKa3aTeJih MbIIIIH

Ha nonocy Bbl,lleJieHHH, HIDKaTh KJiaBHrny [Ctrl] H menKHYTh KHOIIKOH MhIIIIH. L(JIH OTMeHbl Bbl,lleJieHIDI TeKCTa YKa3aTeJih MblIIIH TIOMeIIJ;aIOT Ha Bhl,lleJieHHbIH ero yqaCTOK H menKaIOT neBOH KHOIIKOH MhIIIIH.

J(o6as.11euue meKcma. 3TO o6hIKHOBeHHhIH BBOA TeKcTa B Heo6xoAHMoe MeCTO C03AaHHOro .n:mcyMeHTa. ,ll.o6aBJieHHe TeKCTa HJIH OTAeJihHbIX CHMBOJIOB (rrpH HcrrpaBJieHHH ourn6oK) MO)l(HO ocymecTBJIHTh B pe)l(lfMe BCTaBKH HJIH B pe)l(lfMe JaMeHhI. IlpH pa6oTe B pe)l(lfMe BCTaBKH BBOAHMble CHMBOJihI, CJIOBa H npeAJIO)l(eHHH BCTaBJIRIOTCH B TeKCT, KOTOpbiit rrpH 3TOM CMemaeTCH BrrpaBO. IlpH pa6oTe B pe)l(lfMe JaMeHbI HOBble CHMBOJibI JaMeHSIIOT B TeKCTe }')Ke HMeIOIUHeCH CHMBOJihl B TOM MeCTe, r.n:e HaxOAHTCH KYPCOp, IlpH 3TOM CTapbie CHMBOJibI aBTOMaTHqecKH YAaJISIIOTCH, T. e. HOBbIH TeKCT BBOAHTCH KaK Obl UOBepx CTaporo. ,l(;rn rrepeKJ110qeHID1 pe:xrn:MOB BBOAa TCKCTa HCIIOJih3yeTCH KJIRBHma [Ins] (Insert). IlpH 3TOM BbI6paHHbIH pe)l(lfM OTpaxaeTCH B CTpOKe COCTOHHIDI (BbIAeJICHHble O}'KBbl 3AM 03HaqaIOT BKJIIOllettHe pe)l(lfMR 3RMeHbI). MO)l(HO TaK)l(e rrepeKJIIOllHTh pe)l(lfM BBO,ll;a TCKCTa MhlillbIO, .Il:BR)l(m

6yxuax 3AM a CTpOKe COCTOJll{WI. Y;JuC111ue me1tcma. B rrpouecce co:maHIDI .n:oK}'MeHTa npu

)lb! m;eJIKRYB KHOilKOH Ha

ero pe~ )laKTHpOBRJ{HH rrpHXOJIHTCH He TOJibKO .n;o6aBJIHTb, RO H y.n;MHTh <!>par~ MCRTJ"tl TCKCTa - CHMBOJihI, CJIOBa H OTJJ;CJibHbIC yqaCTKH. Y.n;aJIHTb OTJJ;CJibl{blC CHMBOJibl MO)l(HO .ltBYMR crroco6aMH. IlepabIA crroco6: ycTaHOBHTh TeKCTOBbIH KYPCOp crrpaBa OT YJJ;aJISI• eMoro CHMBOJia H HR)l(RTh KJIRBHIIIY [BackSpace]. IlpH 3TOM TeKCTOBhlH xypcop aBTOMan1qecKH rrepeMeCTHTCH Ha o.n:ay I103HI.1,HIO BJieBO, y.n;aJIHH ttaxo.n:HIUYJOCH TaM 6)'KBy. 3THM crroco6oM MO)l(HO YAaJIHTh HeCKOJihKO CHMBOJIOB, rrocne.n:oBaTeJihHO CTOHIUHX CJieBa OT xypcopa. Bropoit crroco6: ycTaHOBHTh TeKCTOBblit xypcop CJieBa OT y.n:aJIHeMoro CHMBOJia H HaxRTh KJiaBHUIY [Del]. IlpH 3TOM TeKCTOBhlli xypcop ocnrnerCH Ha Mecre, a CHMBOJI, HaxOAHIUHHCH crrpaBa OT Hero, 6y.n:er y.n:aneH. ,ll.JIH y.n:aneHHH yqacTKa TeKCTa Heo6XOAHMO BbmeJIHTh 3TOT TeKCT H Ha)l(aTh KJiaBHllIY [Del]. EcJIH cnyqaitHo 6hIJI y.n:aneH Hyxttbiit TeKcT, ero MO)l(HO BePHYTh CJieAYJOIUHMH crroco6aMH: • c IIOMOIUbIO KOM6HHaI.J,HH KJiaBHllI [Ctrl] H [Z]; • BBe.n:eHHeM KOMattAhl Om.MeHumb B MeHIO llpa61<.a; • KHOITKOH [OTMeHHTb] Ha rraHeJIH HHCTpYMeHTOB. Konuposauue u nepeA1e111,euue y11acmKoB meKcma. Ilp11 pa3pa6oTKe .n:eJIOBbIX AOKYMeHTOB B TeKCTe MOfYT HCIIOJih30BaThCH OAHHaKOBbie CJIOBa H u;eJihie <f>pa3bl. qT06bI He BbIIIOJIHHTb IIOBTOpHbIH BBOA TeKCTa, 11crroJih3YJOT orrepau;HIO Korr11p0Bamrn. TaKXe rrpH pe.n:aKTHpoBaHHH TeKCTa rrpHXOAHTCH rrepeMemaTb OTAeJihHble ero <f>parMeHTbI c o.n;Horo Mecrn Ha .n:pyroe. BhmontteHHe 3THX orrepau11it rrpoH3BOAHTCH ABYMR crroco6aMH - 6e3 HCIIOJih30BaHHR 6y<f>epa o6MeHa H c HCIIOJib30BaHHeM 6y<f>epa o6MeHa. Eyrj.Jep 06.MeHa - 3TO yqacToK orrepaTHBHoit rraMHTH, B KOTOpbiit BpeMeHHO IIOMem;aeTCH TeKCTOBaH HJIH rpa<f>11qecKaH HH<f>opMaI.J,Irn.

Co;:i:ep:lKHMoe 6y<l>epa o6MeHa ITPH Heo6xo;:i:HMOCTH BCTaBJUieTCH B ;:J;OI<yMeHT. IlpH ITOMern;eHHH B 6y<l>ep o6MeHa HOBOM HH<l>opMa1IHH CTapbie HaxOMIUHeCH B HeM ;:i:aHHbie YJ:J:a.JUllOTC51. IlepBblM CITOC06 peKOMeH;:J;yeTC51 HCITOJlb30BaTb ITPH pe;:i:aKTHpoBaHHH BH;:i:HMbIX Ha 3KpaHe <t>parMeHTOB TeKCTa, a BTOpOM -

,lLJUI KOITH-

poBaHH51 qacTO ITOBTOp51IOIUHXC51 H ITepeMern;eHH51 ;:J;OCTaToqHo 60Jib11mx <l>parMeHTOB TeKCTa. IlepeMern;eHHe TeKCTa 6e3 ITOMern;eHH51 B 6y<l>ep o6MeHa ITPOH3BO;:J;HTC51 MeTo;:i:oM Drag and Drop (ITepernrn;HTb H ocTaBHTb), WUI qero Heo6xo;:i:HMo:

~ Bbl;:J;eJIITTb BbI6paHHblM TeKcT; ~ ycTaHOBHTb YKa3aTeJib MbllIIH Ha Bbl,lleJieHHOM yqaCTKe TeKCTa, HIDKaTb JieBYJO KHOITKy MblIIIH H He OTrryCKaTb ee (T. e. CXBaTHTb TeKCT). IlpH 3TOM TeKCTOBblM KYPCOp ITPHMeT <l>OPMY IIITpHXOBOM BepTHKaJibHOM JIHHHH, a Ha Hlf)l(HeM KOHlle YKa3aTeJI51 MbIIIIH IT051BITTC51 HefiOJibIIIOM ITpjJMOyroJibHHK; ~

He OTrryCKWI JieBYJO KHOITKy H nepeMeIIIWI YKa3aTeJib MblIIIH,

YCTaHOBHTh IIITpHXOBOM TeKCTOBblM KYPCOp B TO MeCTO, Ky;:J;a Heo6xo;:J;HMO nepeMeCTifTb Bbl;:J;eJieHHbI:H: yqaCTOK TeKCTa; ~

OTrryCTifTh JieBYJO KHOnKy H OTMeHHTb Bbl;:J;eJieHHe.

KoITHpoBaHHe TeKcTa 6e3 ITOMern;eHH51 B 6y<l>ep o6MeHa BbIIIOJIHHeTcH aHanomqHo nepeMern;eHHIO, TOJibKO HIDKaTb H y;:i:ep:lKHBaTb B TaKOM ITOJIO:lKeHHH Ha,D;O KJiaBHIIIY [Ctrl]. IlpH 3TOM HaBepxy YKa3areJI51 MblIIIH IT051BHTC51 3HaK

.Z:Vrn pa60Tbl c

«+» .

6y<t>epoM o6MeHa Heo6xo;:i:HMO ITOJib30BaTbC51 KHOIT-

KaMH, ;:i:y6JIHPYJOIUHMH KOMaH;:i:hI H3 MeHIO

llpaBKa,

Bbtpe3amb, KonupoBamb, BcmaBumb

KOTOpb1e ITPH ycrnHOBKe Word aBTOMan1qecKH

BbIBOMTC51 Ha ITaHeJib HHCTpYMeHTOB. Ecnu 3TH KHOITKH ITO KaKOMJiu6o ITpHqHHe OTCYTCTBYJOT, TO HX MO:lKHO ycTaHOBHTb c ITOMOIUblO KOMaH;:i:bI

llaneflb uncmpyMenmoB

H3 MeHIO

Bua.

IlpH HCITOJib30BaHHH 6y<l>epa o6MeHa ITepeMern;eHHe yqacTKOB TeKCTa ITPOH3BO;:J;HTC51 B CJieJ:J:YIOmeM ITOPMKe: ~ Bbl,lleJIUTb TeKcT;

~ meJIKHYTb MbllllbIO ITO KHOITKe [Bbipe3aTb]; ~ ycTaHOBHTh TeKCTOBhIM KYPCOP B Hy:lKHOe MecTo; ~ meJIKHYTb MbllllbIO ITO KHOITKe [BCTaBHTb]. KoITHPOBaHue yqacTKOB TeKCTa ITPOH3BOJ:J:HTC51 aHanorHqHo: ~ Bbl,lleJIHTb TeKcT; ~ meJIKffYTb MbllllbIO ITO KHOITKe [KOITHpOBaTb]; ~ ycTaHOBHTb TeKCTOBbIM KYPCOp B Hy:lKHOe MecTo; ~ meJIKHYTb MbllllblO no KHOITKe [BCTaBHTb]. Pa3iJe.aenue meKcma na cmpanuu,w. IlpH co3;:i:aHHH TeKcToBoro ;:i:oKyMeHTa Word aBTOMaTHqecKH pa3;:i:enHeT ero Ha CTpaHHllbI, ecJIH B MeH10 CepBuc no KOMaH;:i:e Onu,uu B OKHe pa3;:i:ena 06w.ue BKJI10qaeTc51 ITepeKJI10qaTeJib </JonoBOJl pa36UBKa Ha cmpaHUU,bl. B 3TOM cnyqae aBTOMaTHqecKH rrpoCTaBJI51eTC51 CHMBOJI KOHlla CTpaHHllbI, Ha3bIBaeMbIM

tteofol3aTeJibHbIM. Ecm1 TeKCT Ha6ttpaeTcH B pe)l(MMe Memo

BuiJ,

HopMOilbHblii

TO KOHeu CTpaHHUbl o603HaqaeTCSI ToqeqHOM JIHHHeM BO

BCID urnpmry 3KpaHa. CHMBOJI KOHUa cTpaHHUbI MO)K}{O TaIOKe ycTaHOBHTb Bpyqtty10, ecnH Tpe6yeTCSI 3aKOttqMTb CTpaHHllY B KaKOM-JIH6o KOHKpeTHOM Mecre.

)J)rn

3T0f0 Heo6xo.u;HMO BbIIIOJIHHTb CJie.UYIOlllHe .u;e:HCTBHSI: =:::}

ycTaHOBHTb KYPCOP B Tpe6yeMoe MecTo TeKcTa;

Pa3pbt8

B MeH10

Bcma81ca;

=:::}

BbI6paTb KOMatt;::i;y

=:::}

B .u;ttanoroBoM OKHe BKmoqHTb nepeKJI10qareJib

=:::}

no.u;rnep.u;MTb BbI6op, llleJIKHYB MbllllblO no KHOnKe

KoHeu, cmpaHUU,bl;

[OK] .UHaJIO-

fOBOfO OKHa. IlpH 3TOM B KOHKpeTHOM BbI6paHHOM MecTe TeKCTa 6y.u;eT nocTaB-

B pe)l(MMe HopMOilbHblU BuiJ KOHeu cTpaHHUhI o6o3HaqaeTcH Toqeqtto:H JIHHHe:H co cnoBaMH KoHeu, cmpaHUU,bl B cepe.u;tttte 3Kpatta. Hpocma110BKa 110MepoB cmpa11uu,. Ilocne c03.u;aHMH .UOKYMeHTa, ecJIH

JieH o6SI3aTeJibHbIM CHMBOJI KOHUa cTpaHHI..J;bl. H3 MeH10

TeKCT 3aHMMaeT 60Jibllle O,ll;HOH CTpaHHUbl, Heo6xo.u;HMO MX rrpottyMepoBaTb.

)J)rn qero cne.u;yeT: Bcma8Ka; HoMepa cmpaHuu,;

=:::}

aKTHBH3HposaTb MeH10

=:::}

s1>16paT1> KOMatt;::i;y

=:::}

c.u;eJiaTb ycTaHOBKH B noSIBHBllleMCH OKHe

HoMepa cmpaHUU, (YKa-

3aTb B KaKOM MeCTe CTaBHTb HOMep CTpaHHUbl H KaK ero pacnoJIO)l(MTb, a TaIOKe CTaBHTb JIM HOMep Ha nepBOM CTpaHHUe); =:::}

eCJIH HYMepaUHSI CTpaHHU .D:OKYMeHTa .u;om1rna HaqHHaTbCSI He

c e.u;HHHUbl, BbI6paTb KOMatt;::i;y

Mepa cmpaHUU, =:::}

<l>opMam ...

H B OTKpbIBllleMCSI OKHe

Ho-

YCTaHOBHTb Tpe6yeMbIH HOMep;

no.u;TBep.u;HTb BbI6op, llleJIKHYB MbllllblO no KHOnKe

[OK]

.UHaJIO-

fOBOfO OKHa.

Pa6oma co cnucKa.Mu. B npouecce pa3pa6oTKH TeKcTa .UOKYMeHTa npH BbIIIOJIHeHHH nepeqHcJieHHM HJIH onHCaHHH nocne.u;oBaTeJibHOCTH .u;eMCTBHM 6brnaeT Heo6xo.u;HMO BbI.u;eJIHTb KaKOM-JIH60 TeKCT 3HaqKaMH HJIH UM<ppaMH, .u;JISI qero CJie.u;yeT: =:::}

Ha6paTb Beeb TeKCT, BbICTaBHB npe.u;BapHTeJibHO napaMeTpbl CTpa-

HHUbl H a63aua; =:::} BbI,ll;eJIHTb qacTb TeKCTa, OTHOCSilllerocSI K nepeqHcJieHHIO HJIH onpe.u;eAAIOlllero nopH.u;oK .u;e:HcTBHM; =:::}

aKTHBH3HpOBaTb MeHIO

=:::}

Bh16paTh KOMatt.u;y

=:::}

B noSIBHBllleMCSI ,ll;HaJIOfOBOM OKHe aKTHBH3HpOBaTb COOTBeT-

CTBYIQlllHe BKJia.u;KH: =:::}

<l>opMam;

Cnuc01c;

E10/UlemeHb, HyMepo8aHHbtii, Hepapxu"tecKuii;

BbI6paTb CHMBOJI .u;JISI BbI.u;eJieHHSI, llleJIKHYB MbllllblO no paMKe

c COOTBeTCTBYIOlllHM 3HaqKoM; =:::}

llleJIKHYTb MbllllblO no KHOnKe

[OK].

HpoBepKa u ycmpa11enue op,Pozpaf/Ju11ec1Cux oruu6otc.

Ilocne Ha6opa

TeKCTa CJie.u;yeT npoeepHTb B HeM op<t>orpaqmio H ycTpaHHTb OllIH6KH. )l.JISI npoeepKH H ycTpaHeHHSI op<t>orpa<l>ttqecKHX OllIH60K B pe.u;aKTO-

pe HMeeTCH op<l>orpaqmqecKMM CJIOBapb. IlpoBepKa IIPOH3BO)l.HTCH IIOcpe,ll.CTBOM cpaBHeHMH Ha6paHHbIX CJIOB c HMelOIIIHMHCH B op<t>orpa~ <l>ttqecKOM CJIOBape. IlpoBepKa TeKcTa rrpoHJBO.ll.HTCH no KOMaH)l.e OprjJoeparjJUfl B Memo Cep6uc. IlpttqeM cHaqana Heo6xo)l.HMO ycTaHOBHTh TeKcTOBhIH KYJ)cop B TO MeCTO TeKcTa, c KOToporo Heo6XO)l.HMO rrpOH3BeCTH rrpoBePKY· IlocJie BKJIIOqeHMH KOMaH)l.bl OprjJoeparjJUfl qepe3 IIOHBHBIIIeecH Ha 3KpaHe OKHO MO)KHO )l.06aBHTh HOBOe CJIOBO B op<l>orpa<l>HqecKMH CJIOBapb. 3aDHci. ,ll,OicyMeHTa a flJaii.JI. TeKcT BbIIIOJIHe1moro .ll.OKYMema Heo6XO.ll.HMO coxpaHHTb Ha )l.HCKe, MH qero CJie)l.yeT BblIIOJIHHTb CJie)l.yro~ mtte orrepan;tttt: :::$ aKTHBH3HpoBaTb MeHIO </Jail.fl; ::z) BbI6paTh KOMaH,lly 301cpblmb; :::$ rrpH JaKpbITHH BHOBh C03)1.aHHOro .UOKYMeHTa IIOCJie UOJio)lrn~ TeJlbHOro OTBeTa Ha KOMaH,lly OTKlJOeTCj{ OKHO, B KOTOpOM Bhl6HpaIOT )l.HCK, KRTaJIOf Ami ero pa3Melll;eHHH H BBOMT M:MH AOicyMeHTll. IlpH Heo6xo.n;HMOCTH pa60Tbl c coJ,naHHblM ,ll;OK}'MeHTOM, T.e. MR BBo.n;a ero :e oKHo pe.n;aKTOpa, 11eo6xo.n11Mo J.UeJIKHy'l'b MbllllbIO no KHon~ Ke [OTK:pbITb] Ita naHeJIH HHCTpy-MeHTOB H n OTKpbllmieMCj{ OKHe YKa~ 3aTb :rryTh K <l>a:H;ty (.UHCK, KaTaJIOt, HWI cpaIDt:a). Ile'laTi. .z.oK)'MellTa. BhlBo.n; .n;oK}'MeHTa Ha neqaTh Mo)KHo Bhlilon~ HHTb )l.BYMH cnoco6aMH: • c IIOMOlllhlO KHOIIKM [IleqaTb] Ha rraHeJIH HHCTPYMeHTOB; • c IIOMOlllhlO KOMaH)l.bl Ilettamb H3 MeHIO </Jaii.Jl. Ilptt HCIIOJihJOBaHHH rrepBoro crroco6a rrpHHTep pacrreqarneT Bee cTpaHHUhI TeKcTa B O.ll.HOM 3K3eMIIJIHpe. BTopoH. crroco6 orrpe,ll.eJIHeT pa3JilfqHbie BapHaHTbl rreqaTH )l.OKYMeHTa, HarrpHMep rreqaTb TOJibKO YKaJaHHhIX CTPaHHII TeKcTa HJIH JMaHHoro qlfcJia 3K3eMIIJIHpoB. IlocJie JarrycKa KOMaH)l.bl Ilettamb H3 Memo </JaWi IIOHBHTCH )l.HaJIOfOBOe OKHO, B KOTOPOM ycTaHaBJIHBaIOT TPe6yeMbie crroco6bI rreqaTH )l.OK}'MeHTa. Ilepe,ll. rreqaTblO )l.OK}'MeHTa MO)KHO rrpOCMOTpeTh pacnOJIO)KeHHe TeKCTa Ha ero CTpaHHIIaX, )l.JIH qero Heo6XO)l.HMO meJIKHYTh MbIIIIblO no KHOnKe [IlpocMOTP rreqaTH] Ha naHeJIH HHCTPYMeHTOB, .n;y61rnpyIOII1,eii KOMaH)l.y IlpocMomp HJ MeH10 </JaWi. IlocJie OKOHqaHHH pa60Tbl c pe,ll.aKTOpOM He06XO)l.HMO JaKpblTb <t>aH.JI (<l>aHJihI) " JanycTHTb KOMaH)l.y Bbtxoa H3 MeHIO </JaWi.

2.3. Co3,q,aH111e ,q,oKyMeHTOB c

Ta6n111~aM111

Cpe.n;H MHoroo6pa3MH cJI~e6HhIX .noK}'MeHTOB oco6oe MecTO 3aHHMa10T Ta6JIHllhI, T. e. )l.OK}'MeHTbl, TeKCT KOTOpbIX JaIIOJIHHeTCH B npHHHTbIX Ha npe.n:npHHTHH HJIH ycTaHOBJieHHbIX COOTBeTCTBYIOIIl,HMH HHCTPYKIIHHMH Ta6JIHqHbIX <l>opMax. 3To npaKTHqecKM Bee TeXHOJIO-

Ta61111ua

2.1

Ka.neH,ZJ,apublii: DJiaH BbIUOJIHCHHJI pa6oT

HoMep Co,n;ep)l(llHHe 3TIIIIa pa6oT

3'rarra

pa60T

AHaJIH3 TeXHWieCKOM ,!1,0I<:y-

CpoK BblIIOJIHeHHH

05.01.2000

CroHMOCTh, )l,OJIJI.

500

MeHTaUHH H IIOCTilHOBKa

qeM JaKaJf'IHBae1CH 3Tilil

Crpyicrypa 6a3,!l,aHHhIX

3a,!l,a'IB

Pa3pa6oTKa

CYE.Ll:

c11cre-

15.01.2000

150

CYE.Ll:

20.01.2000

150

CYE.Ll:

30.01.2000

200

CYE.Ll:

10.02.2000

285

CYE.Ll:

Mhl yqeTa IIOC'I)'IUleHHM MaTepHaJIOB H KOMIUieicryIOIIl;HX

Pa3pa60TKa

CYE.Ll:

c11cre-

Mhl yqeTil IIOCTaBKH MaTePHaJIOB H3f010BHTeJUIM IIpO.JJYKUHH

Pa3pa60TKa

CYE.Ll:

CHCTe-

Mhl IIOCTaBKH f010BOM rrp0,!1,}'Kll.HH ropryiorn;HM opraHH3aUIDIM

Pa3pa6oTKa

CYE.Ll:

c11cre-

Mhl yqeTa rrpOH3B0,!1,CTBeHHOM ,!l,eHTeJihHOCTH <l>ttpMhI l1roro

1285

n1qecKHe ,ll,OKYMeHThI, qnrnaHCOB0-6yxraJITepcKHe, TeKCTOBhie KOHCTPYKTOpCKHe If MHome ,npyrHe. B Ta6JI.

2.1

noKa3aH npHMep oq>0pMJiemrn KaJieH,II.apHoro TIJiaHa Ha

BhITIOJIHeHHe pa6oT npH 3aKmoqeHHH X03HHCTBeHHhIX ,ll,OroBopoB. Ta6Jimi;a cocTOHT H3 c To JI 6 u o B (KoJioHoK) H c T po K. KaJK.UhIH CTOJI6eu. HMeeT HaHMeHOBaHHe. CTpOJ<Y c HaHMeHOBaHH51MH CTOJI61.l,OB Ha3hIBalOT 3aroJIOBKOM Ta6JIHU,hl (rnanKOH Ta6JIHI.l,hl). 06JiaCTh Ta6JIHll,hl Ha nepeceqeHHH CTpOKH If CTOJI6u.a Ha3hIBaIOT H q e

H: K

H:.

TeKCTOBhIH pe,D,aKTOp Word o6JI3,JJ,aeT 6oJihIIIHMH B03MO)l(HOCTHMH no co3,naHHIO H 0<popMJieHHJO TafiJittqHhIX ,ll,OJ<YMeHTOB. B HeM TaIOKe HMe!OTCH BCTpOeHHhie <l>YHKI.1,HH, TI03BOJIHIOII.l,He BhIIIOJIHHTh MaTeMaTJfqecKHe pacqeThI, CTpOHTh rpa<t>HKH If ,ll,HarpaMMhI, HanpHMep Heo6XO,ll,HMhie npH aHaJIH3e 3KOHOMJfqecKOH ,ll,eHTeJihHOCTH <t>HpMhI. Word no3BOJU:IeT BCTaBHTh B TeKCT ,ll,OKYMeHTa rn6JIHI.l,hI, rpa<t>HKH H ,ll,HarpaMMhI, pa3pa6oTaHHhie c TIOMOII.l,hIO ,npyrHX rrpHJIO)l(eHHH Windows, HarrpnMep Ta6JIHU.hI, coJ,naHHhie B Excel. Bo3MO)l(HhI ,ll,Be cxeMhI o<t>opMJieHnH rn6JinqHhIX ,ll,OKYMeHTOB (,naJiee rn6JIHU.):

• coJ,n:antte rn6nm.1,h1 H Janonttetttte ee tttt<PopMau:tten; • co3,n:att11e TeKcTa 11 npeo6pa3oBaHMe ero B Ta6nmzy. IlepBYJO cxeMy peKOMemzyeTCH npMMeHHTb .ll:JlH COJ,n:aHHH .ll:OK)'MeHTOB c ycrnttoBJieHHOM CTpYKTYPOM Ta6JIHU:hl. BTopaH cxeMa u:enecoo6pa3Ha npM C03,n:aHMM .ll:OK)'MeHTOB, CTpYKTYPa KOTOpbIX ern:e He onpe,n:eJieHa. PaccMOTpMM nocne,n:oBaTeJihHOCTh .n:encTBMM np11 co3,n:att1111 rn6n11u: no 3TMM cxeMaM. Co3)J;auae Ta6JIHQLI a 3aooJ1HeHHe ee HHcltopMaIU1eii. 3rn cxeMa coJ.n:attMH .ll:OKYMeHTOB BbIIIOJIHHeTCH B CJieJzyIOrn:eM nopH,n:Ke: => o<t>opMJ1ett11e JaroJIOBKa Ta6JIMU:hl; => JanoJIHeHMe Ta6JIMU:bl MH<l>OpMau;Men; => o<t>opMJiettwe Btteurnero BM.n:a Ta6JIMU:hI. B npou:ecce coJ.n:attMH Ta6JIMU:hI onepau:1111JanoJIHeHMH11tt<PopMau:11e:U 11 o<t>opMJieHMH BHenrnero BM.n:a MOryT qepe.n:oBaTbCH. Ot}lopMAenue 3azo.110BKa ma6.11u14w npoMJBO.ll;HTCH KOMatt.n:aMH HJ MeHio Ta6Auu,a. Ilepe.n: ttaqanoM coJ.n:aHMH Ta6JIHU:hl tteo6xo.n:HMO ycTaHOBHTh icypcop B COOTBeTCTBYJOmyro o6JiaCTb CTpaHHU:bl (3Kpatta), a JaTeM BbIIIOJIHHTb CJieJzyIOrn;He .n;e:UCTBMH: => aKTHBH3HpoBaTh MeHIO Ta6Auu,a; => BhI6paTh KOMamzy BcmaBumb ma6Auu,y; => ycTaHOBHTh B nOHBHBIIIeMCH .ll;HaJIOroBOM OKHe Tpe6yeMOe qlfCJIO CTOJI6U:OB (npH 3TOM IIIHpHHa CTOJI6U:OB Ja.n:aeTCH napaMeTpOM ABmo); => rn:eJIKHYTu MbllllblO no KHOnKe [OK]. TaKaH nocne.n:oBaTeJibHOCTh o<t>opMJieHMH JaroJIOBKa rn6JIHU:hI npHMeHHeTcH npH BblIIOJIHeHHM npOCTblX .ll;OKYMeHTOB . .Ll:JIH o<t>opMJieHHH .ll;OKYMeHTOB, HMelOW:HX 6onee CJIO)l(HYJO CTpyKTypon (pwc. 2.5), IJ,eJiecoo6paJHo wcnoJihJOBaTh KoMatt.n:y 06oeouHUmb .HiteUKU, T. e. Heo6xo.n:HMO: => C03,n:aTb CTpyKTypy Ta6JIMIJ,bl c Tpe6yeMbIM qwcJIOM CTOJI6IJ,OB; => Bbl.[(eJIHTb HqenKM, KOTOpbie .ll;OJI)l(Hbl 6bITb o6'be,n:HHeHbI;

,.....

11 Puc. 2.5.

Ilp0Mepb1 o¢>opMJieHH51 3aro110BKOB Ta611m.i;h1

~ aKTHBH3HpoBaTh Memo

Ta61mu,a;

~ BbI6paTb KOMaH)zy 06oeOUHUmb R'l-eUKU. EcJIH Ta6JIHUa 3aHHMaeT HeCKOJibKO CTpaHHU, TO Ha Ka,)l{,ll;OH CTpaHHUe noBTOpRIOT ee rnarncy, ,!VUI qero cne,n;yeT BhinOJIHHTh cne,n;yio-

W:He ycTaHOBKH: ~ aKTHBH3HpoBaTh MeHIO Ta6Auu,a; ~ Bb16paTb KOMaH)zy 3aZOA08KU.

3ano.11nenue ma6.11uqw un<jJopMaqueii B o6w;eM cnyqae BhinOJIHReTcR no npaBHJiaM Ha6opa H pe.n;aKTHpOBaHHR TeKCTa c HCilOJib30BaHHeM HeKoTophlx npHeMoB nepeMew;eHHR KYPCOpa, noKa3aHHhlX B Ta6JI. 2.2, H cneUHaJihHhIX KOMaH,n;. IlpH 3anOJIHeHHH Ta6JIHUhl MO)l{eT nOTpe60BaThCR HCilPaBHTh Olilll6KH. IlpHeMhl pe,ll;aKTHpOBa.HIDI TeKCTa BHYTpH gqe:HKH aHaJIOI'H'IHhl npHeMaM, H3JIO)l(eHHhlM B no.n;paJ.n;. 2.2. IlpHBe.n;eM cneUHaJlbHhle npHeMhI, HCilOJih3yeMble npH pe,n;aKTHpOBaHHH Ta6nm:.i;. KoMaH,IJ;hl )VUI pe,n;aKTHpoBaHHR Tafurnu HaxO.n;RTCR B Memo Ta6Auu,a. 3TO KOMaH,n;hl, Il03BOIDIIOIIJ;He: .no6a.B.IDITb CTpOKH, BCTaB.IDITb CTOJI6u;bl, YAa.JlilTh CTpOKH H CTOJI6Uld. ,[lmI .no6aeneHIDI CTpOKH B KOHeu Ta6JIHUhl Heo6xo,nHMO: ~ YCTaHOBHTh KYPCOp B nocne.n;HIOIO gqeibcy nocne.n;Heit CTpOKH Ta6JIHUhI; :::} HaxaTh KJiaBHrny [Tab].

Ta61rnua 2.2 KIIaeHIDH MH BblDOJieeeHJI nepeMemeeaii IQ'PCOpa Krrammm

TiepeMemem1e J<YPCOpa

Ha 511-reihcy snpaoo

[Tab]

Ha 51'Ieihcy BJieoo

[Shift]

B tta'Ia.TIO nt6mtUhI

[Home]

B Kotteu nt6JIHUhI

[End]

B nepsyro H'-leihcy CTpOKH

+ [Home) [Alt] + [End) [Alt] + [Page Up) [Alt] + [Page Down)

B nocne.11,tt1010 51'reti:rcy CTpOKH B sepxtt1010 H'-leti:rcy cron6ua B HIDKHIOIO H'-leti:rcy CTOJI6ua TI pH Me 'I a H H JI: I.

+ [Tab]

[Alt]

TipH HIDKaTHH KJiaBHIIIH [Tab) rrocne Ha6opa TeKCTa B rrocne-

.llHeH ll'leHKe CTpOKH icypcop rrepeMeCTHTCll B Ha'laJIO rrepBOH ll'leHKH cnenyromeil: CTpOKH. Tio3TOMy rrpH o<t>opMJieHHH CTpYKTYPbI Ta6JIHUbl yKa3bIBaTb B .llHaJIOrQBbIX OKHax 'IHCJIO CTpOK He o6Jl3aTeJibHO.

TeXHOJIOfHll Ha6opa TeKCTa B ll'leHKe ITOJIHOCTb!O COOTBeTCTByeT TeXHOJIOfHH

Ha6opa TeKCTa Ha OT$opMaTHPOBaHHOH CTpaHHUe. EcJilf TeKCT rrpeBbIIIIaeT ITO .llJllfHe IIIlfPHHY CTOJI6ua, OH aBTOMaTH'leCKH nepeHOCHTCll Ha CJie.lly101Uy10 CTpOKY ll'leHKH. f1pH 3TOM BblCOTa BCeH CTpOKlf Ta6JIHUbl yneJI!f'llfBaeTCll.

.[(ml

)J,06aBJieHIDI. O)J,HOM CTpOiill B mo6oM MeCTe Ta6JUUJ,hl CJie)J,yeT:

:::} ycTaHOBHTh TeKCTOBhIM KYPCOp B mo6oM MeCTe CTpOKH, Ha)], KOTOpOM Tpe6yeTCH BCTaBHTh )J,OIIOJIHHTeJibHYJO CTpOKY;

Ta611uu,a; BcmaBumb cmp01cu .

:::} aKTHBH3HpoBaTh MeHio :::} BhI6paTh KOMaH)J,y

.[(ml

)J,06aBJieHIDI. cpaJy HeCKOJihKHX CTpOK Ta6JIHIJ,hl He06XO)J,HMO:

:::} ycTaHOBHTh TeKCTOBhIM KYPCOP B mo6oM MecTe CTpOKH, HM KOTOpOM Tpe6yeTCH BCTaBHTh )J,OIIOJIHHTeJihHhie CTpoKH; :::} Bbl)J,eJIHTh BHH3 c IIOMOIIJ,hIO KYPCOpa CTOJihKO CTpOK, CKOJihKO Tpe6yeTCH )J,06aBHTh;

Ta611uu,a; BcmaBumb (iJo6aBumb) cmpoKu .

:::} aKTHBH3HpoBaTh MeHio :::} Bhl6paTh KOMaH)J,y

.[(ml

BCTaBKH (Ao6aBJieHHH) HOBOro CTOJIOIJ,a Heo6XO)J,HMO:

:::} Bhl)J,eJIHTh B Ta6JIHIJ;e CTOJI6e11;, CJieBa OT KOToporo Tpe6yeTCH )J,06aBHTh HOBhIH CTOJI6e11;;

Ta6.!lu1.4a; BcmaBumb (iJo6aBUmb) cmo116u,bl.

:::} aKTHBH3HpoBaTh MeHIO :::} Bhl6paTh KOMaH)J,y

TeXHOJIOrHH BCTaBKH HeCKOJihKHX HOBhIX CTOJI6IJ;OB aHaJIOrlflIHa TeXHOJIOrHH BCTaBKH CTpOK c TOH TOJihKO pa3HHIJ;e:H, 'ITO tty)KHO Bhl)J,eAATh COOTBeTCTBYJOIIJ,ee 1IHCJIO CTOJI6IJ;OB CJieBa OT Toro CTOJI6IJ;a, rrepe)J, KOTOPhlM 6y)J.yT )J,06aBJieHhl HOBble. YAaJieHHe 11mpopMa11;11H B CTpOKax H cTon611;ax 6e3 YAaJieHHH caMHX CTpOK H CTOJI6IJ;OB 113 Ta6JIHIJ;hl rrpOH3BO)J,HTCH aHaJIOrITTHO YAaJieHHIO CTpOKH TeKCTa, T. e. Heo6XO)J,HMO: :::} Bbl)J,eJIHTh KYIJCOpOM HHcPOPMaumo B CTpOKe HJIH CTOJI6ue; :::} HCUl<:aTh KJiaBHIIIY [Del). YAaJieHHe CTPOK HJIH cToJI611;0B Ta6JIHUhI rrpoH3BOAHTCH B cJie)J,yromeM rropH)J,Ke: :::} BhIAeJIHTh CTPOKY HJIH CTOJI6eu;

Ta611uu,a; YiJMUmb fliteiiKu;

:::} aKTHBH3HpoBaTh MeHio :::} BbI6paTb KOMaHAY

:::} B IIOHBHBIIIeMCH )J,HaJIOrOBOM OKHe BhI6paTh COOTBeTCTBYJOIIJ,YJO

(YiJMUmb 6Ce cmpOKU HJIH YiJMUmb 6Ce cmo116U,bl). OtjJopM.11.euue Bneumezo BuiJa ma611uu,b1 BKJI1011aeT B ce6H

KOMaH)J,y

cJie)J,YJO-

IIJ,He OCHOBHbie 011epau1111: • H3MeHeHHe IIIHpHHhl CTOJI6IJ,oB; • H3MeHeHHe BhICOThl CTpOK; • ocl>opMJieHHe ceTKH Ta6JIHIJ,hI; • H3MeHeHHe IIOJIO)l(eHH.sI Ta6JIHIJ,hl Ha CTpaHHIJ;e JIHCTa. Cnoco6 H3MeHeHHH IIIHpHHhl CTOJI6ua COCTOHT B CJie)J,yroIIJ,eM: :::} ycTaHOBHTh YKa3aTeJih MhIIIIH Ha JieByro HJIH rrpaByro BepTHKaJihHYJO JIHHHIO CTOJI6ua (rrpH 3TOM yKa3aTeJib COOTBeTCTBeHHO H3MeHHT HarrpaBJieHHe CTpeJIKH); :::} Ha)l(aTb JieByIO KHOIIKY MhlIIIH H, He OTITYCKaH ee, «nepeTaIIJ,HTh» BepTHKaJihHYJO JIHHHJO COOTBeTCTBeHHO BJieBO HJIH BnpaBO Ha Tpe6yeMOe paCCTOHHHe.

lIIHplUJY CTOJI6U,OB MO)l(}{O J8,[(aTb c IIOMOlll,blO KOMaH,D,bl

mupuHa Jltteibcu

Bblcoma u

Ta611uu,a.

HJ MeHIO

BblCOTa 111060M: CTpOKH Ta6JIHU,bl MOlKeT 6bITb J8,[(aHa c IIOMOlll,blO

Bbtcoma u mupuHa JltteiiKu HJ Memo Ta611uu,a O)J,HHM HJ Tpex ABmo, MuHUMYM, TottHo. IlapaMeTp ABmo orrpe)J,eJUieT BblCOT)' CTpOKH Ta6JIHU,bl B COOTBeT-

KOMaH,D,bI

napaMeTpoB:

CTBHH c rrapaMeTpaMH a6Jau,a, KOTOpbie ycTaHaBJIHBalOTCH rrpH rrepBOHaqaJibHOM cpopMaTHpoBaHHH )J,OKYMeHTa. B 3TOM cnyqae BbICOTa CTpOKH Ta6JIHU,bl ycrnHaBJIHBaeTCH aBTOMaT:uqecKH B JaBHCHMOCTH OT paJMepoB BBO)J,HMOfO B Hqeti:KY TeKCTa. IlapaMeTpbI

MuHUMYM H TottHo

ycTaHaBJIHBaIOTCH TOJibKO )],JUI CTpOK

C03,lJ;aBaeMOH Ta6JIHU,bl. IlpH BbI6ope 3THX rrapaMeTpOB BblCOTa CTpOKH Ta6JIHU,bl 38,[(aeTCH q:ucJIOM TIHKCeJibHblX ToqeK. Ilp:u BBOJJ;e TeKcrn B gqeliKY c ycTaHoBJieHHbIM napaMeTpoM

MYM

MuHu-

MHHHMaJibHaH BhICOTa CTPOKH onpe.n;eJUieTcH 38,[(aHHblM qHcJioM

IlHKCeJibHblX ToqeK. 0)1;HRKO eCJIH pa3Mepbl BBOl!;HMOfO TeKCTa npeBblrnaK>T Ja,n;aHHbie pa3Meph1 gqeliKH, BblCOTa CTpOKH rn6JIHll.bl }'BeJIH~ qHBaeTCH B COOTBeTCTBHH c pa3MepaMH TeKCTa. IlpH BBO)J,e TeKCTa B gqeliKY c ycTaHOBJJeHHhlM napaMeTPOM

TottHo

BbICOTa cTpoKH He MeHHeTCH. Ecn:u pa3Mep BBO)J;HMoro TeKCTa npeBbIlllaeT 38,ll;aHHble pa3Mepbl gqeliKH, B Hett OCTaeTCH TOJibKO BMeCTHB~ rnancH ero HaqanhHaH qacTb. Bb1c0Ta CTpOKH MOlKeT 6hITh 38,[(aHa KaK )],JUI Bceli rn611Hu,h1 cpa3y, TaK H )],JUI JI106oti: OT)J,eJibHOH CTpOKH.

y CTaHOBKa

BbICOTbl CTpOK Ta6-

JIHU,bl npOHJBO)J,HTCH B CJie)J,yIOlll,eM nopH)J,Ke:

==> ==> ==> ==>

Bbl)J,eJIHTb CTpOKY (HJIH Bee CTpOKH); BhI6paTb KOMaH,D,y

B IIOHBHBIIIeMCH )J,HaJIOfOBOM OKHe ycTaHOBHTb napaMeTpbI:

coma cmpoKu

==>

Ta611uu,a; Bbtcoma u mupuHa JltteiiKu;

aKTHBHJHpoBaTb MeH10

CKollbKO

Bbl-

(paJMep B IIHKCeJihHbIX ToqKax);

lll,eJIKHYTb MblIIlblO 110 KHOI1Ke

[OK]

)J,HaJIOfOBOfO OKHa.

Ha 3KpaHe B C03)J,aHHoti: rn611:uu,e cTpoKH H cT0116u,h1 (ceTKa rn6JIHU.hI) Bhl)J,eJieHbI IIYHKTHPHOH JIHHHeti:, T. e. npH BhIBO)J,e )J,OKyMeHTa Ha npHHTep rn611Hu,a pacneqarneTcH 6e3 ceTKH.

,l1,mI pacrreqaTKH rn611Hu,b1

c ceTKOH Heo6XO)J,HMO BbIIIOJIHHTb CJie)J,YJOlll,He )J,eHCTBHH:

==> ==> ==> ==>

Bbl)J,eJIHTb Ta6JIHu,y;

<PopMam; 06paM11eHue u 3ano11HeHue ... ;

aKTHBHJHpOBaTb MeHIO Bh16paTb KOMaH,D,y

B IIOHBHBIIIeMCH )J,HaJIOfOBOM OKHe aKTHBH3HpoBaTb BKJ18,[(KY

06paM!leHue

H BbI6paTb He06XO)J,HMble ycTaHOBKH (paMKY HJIH ceTKY

Ta6JIHU,hl, TOJilll,HHY H U,BeT JIHHHH);

==>

lll,eJIKHYTb MblIIlblO no KHOrrKe

[OK]

)J,HaJIOfOBOfO OKHa.

IlpH lKeJiaHHH OT)J,eJibHhie CTOJI6U,bl HJIH CTpOKH Ta6JIHU,bl MO)l(}{O Bbl)J,eJIHTb paJJIHqHbIM U,BeTOM.

==> ==>

)].JUI 3T0f0 Tpe6yeTCH:

Bhl)J,eJIHTb CTPOKY HJIH cT0116eu,; aKTHBHJHpOBaTb MeHIO

<PopMam;

~ Bbr6paTb KOMaHJJ;y ~

06p(lMfleHue u 3anoAHeHue ... ;

B noHBHBllleMCSI .n;muroroBOM OKHe aKTHBH3HPOBaTb BKJia;:J;Ky

3anOJlHeHue

H BbI6paTb Heo6XO)J,HMbie ycTaHOBKH (y3op, UBeT y3opa H

u;BeT <t>oHa);

~ I.IJ;eJirrnyTb MbllllbIO no KHOnKe [OK] )J,HaJIOroBoro OKHa. O<t>opMHTb Ta61rnuy MOXHO c HCnOJib30BaHHeM ycTaHOBJieHHbIX

.n;.rnr qero rpe6yeTCSI: ~ ycTaHOBHTh KYPCOp B JI1060M MecTe Ta6JIHUhr; ~ aKTHBH3HpoBaTb MeHIO Ta6Jlul{a;

B pe.n;aKTope THnOBbIX CTHJieH,

~ Bbr6paTb KOMaHJJ;y

ABmo<jJopMam ma6AUl{bl ... ;

~ B nOHBHBIIIeMCH )J,HaJIOrOBOM OKHe BbI6paTb O)J,HH 113 npe.n;Jiara-

eMbIX <t>opMaTOB; ~ I.IJ;eJirrnyTb MbIIIIbIO no KHOnKe [OK] )J,HaJIOroBoro OKHa.

Co3,!Ulllae TeKcTa a npeo6pa3oeaeae ero

Ta6JilllJY.

3Ta cxeMa co-

3.n;aHIDI Ta6JIHU npHMelUleTCH npH o<t>opMJieHHH )J,OKYMeHTOB,

.n;.rnr

KOTOpbrx He CyI.IJ;ecTByeT ycTaHOBJieHHbIX <t>opM. B 3TOM cnyqae nocJie)J,OBaTeJibHOCTb orrepau11H: H CIIOC06bl HX BbIIIOJIHeHIDI aHaJIO~HbI HCIIOJib3yeMbIM B cxeMe o<t>opMJieHIDI Ta6JIHtIHbIX )J,OKYMeHTOB rrepBbIM crroco6oM ( o<t>opMJieHHe 3aroJIOBKa Ta6JIHUhl, JarroJIHeHHe Ta6JIHUbI HH$OpMau;HeH, o<t>opMJieHHe BHeIIIHero BH.n;a Ta6JIHUbI). 0TJIHq11e COCTOHT TOJibKO B IIOCJie)J,OBaTeJibHOCTH o<t>opMJieHIDI IIIaIIKH Ta6JIHUbI, KOTOpyIO paCCMOTpHM Ha npHMepe C03)J,aHIDI KaJieH,D;apHoro IIJiaHa BbIIIOJIHeHIDI pa60T (CM. Ta6JI.

2.1):

~ Ha6paTb TeKcT JaroJIOBKa Ta6m1u;hr, np11qeM B npouecce Ha6opa

B KOHUe TeKCTa Kax;:J;OH npe.n;noJiaraeMOH KOJIOHKH (KpOMe nocJie)J,He:H) HaxHMaTb KJiaBHIIIY [Tab];

~ Bbl,ll,eJIHTb Ha6paHHbIH TeKCT; ~ aKTHBH3HpoBaTb MeHIO Ta6Auu,a; ~ BKJIIOqHTb H306paxeHHe ceTKH KOMaHJJ;OH JfUHUU ~ Bhr6paTh KOMaH.n;y ~

cemKu;

flpeo6pa3o6amb meKcm;

B nOHBHBIIIeMCSI )J,HaJIOrOBOM OKHe I.IJ;eJIKHYTb MbllllblO no KHOn -

Ke [OK]. ITocJie BhIIIOJIHeHIDI YKa3aHHhIX .n;e:HCTBHH Ha 3KpaHe nosi:BHTCH JaroJIOBOK Ta6JIHUbI. Bee ;:J;aJibHe:Hrntte .n;e:HcTBIDI no cOJ.n;aHHIO rn6JIHU 6bIJIH paccMoTpeHbI paHee.

2.4. CocTaeneHMe Ta6nw路tHblX ,qoi<yMeHTOB c pac"teTaMM B npoHJBo.n;crneHHo:H .n;esi:TeJibHOCTH JI106o:H <l>HPMhI 11cnoJibJYeTcsi: MHOXeCTBO .n;eJIOBbIX )J,OKYMeHTOB (KpOMe 6yxranTepCKHX), npH co3)J,aHHH KOTOpbIX Heo6XO)J,HMO BbIIIOJIHSITb pa3JIHqHbie MaTeMaT11qeCKHe BhNHCJieHHH. HanpHMep, ;:J;OKYMeHThI no yqery npttxo.n;a H pacxo.n;a npo.n;yKUHH; nporH03HpOBaHHIO npo.n;ax, H3MeHeHHH Kypca BaJIIOT, )J,HHaMHKH H3MeHeHHH pbIHKa no BH.n;aM npO;:J;YKUHH, )J,OXO)J,OB H T. n.; COCTaBJieHHIO 6aJiaHCOBbIX Ta6JIHU; yqery .n;eHe)l(HbIX qeKOB H .n;p.

IlpH pa3pa6oTKe TaKHX .n;oK}'MeHTOB B Word MO)l(}{O npoHJBeCTH Heo6xo.n;HMbie pacqeTbI, He npH6errui: K TaKHM .npHJIO)l(eHIDIM Windows, KaK KaJihKYIDITop HJIH Excel. IlpH 3TOM peJyJihTaThI pacqeTOB aBTOMan1qecKH BBOMTCH B COOTBeTCTBYJOII.t:He ~eHKH Ta6JIHU:bl. Word o6Jia;:i;aeT tta6opoM MaTeMaTWiecKHx <l>YHKUHH, noJBOIDIIOW.HX BbIIlOJIHHTb CJie.n;yromHe onepau;HH: • CJIO)l(eHHe, BbNHTaHHe, YMHO)l(eHHe, .n;eJieHHe; • BhiqHcJieHHe cpe.n;Hero JHaqeHHH; • BbNHCJieHHe npou:eHTOB; • BbI6op MHHHMaJibHbIX H MaKCHMaJibHbIX 3HaqeHHH. BbIIlOJIHeHlle MaTeMaTWieCKHX BbNHCJieHHH OCHOBbIBaeTCR Ha MeTO,ll;ax o6pa6oTKH HH<t>opMamm, npHMeHHeMblX B Ta6JIJiqtthlX npo.u;eccopax Lotus, Excel H ;:i;p. CymHOCTh 3THX MeTo.n;oB CBOAHTCR K TOM}', qTo Bee MaTeMaTWieCKHe ,lleHCTBHH npOH3BO,llRTCR c qHCJIOBhIMH ,llaHHbIMH, HaxOMII.t:HMHCR B ~eHKax Ta6mru;hl. Kax)laR ~e:HKa Ta6JIH.U:bl HMeeT 6YKBeHHo-qHcJioao:H CHMBOJI, HanpHMep Al, A2, Bl, B2 H T.,ll., r,lle 6YKBa o603HaqaeT CTOJI6e.u: Ta6JIHIJ;hl, a .U:H<t>pa (aKJIIOqaR CTpOKH warrKH).

CTpOKY

IlepBhle 26 CTOJI6.U:OB Ta6mru;hl 0003HaqaJOTCR 6YKBaMH JiaTHHCKO-

ro aJI<t>aaHTa OT A ,llO EcJIH CTOJI6.U:OB B Ta6JIH.U:e 60JibWe 26, TO OHH 0603Haqa10TCR AA ... AZ H T. Jl. CTpoKH Ta6JIH.U:hI 060JHaqa10TcR qHcJiaMH, HaqH:HaR c e,llHHHIJ;hI.

TaKHM o6pa3oM, Bbipa)l(eHHe Dl A4 • C6 03HaqaeT, ~o qHcJio, JanHCaHHOe B gqeifKe nepaoro CTOJI6u:a qeTBepTOH CTpOKH Ta6JIHU:bl (A4), YMHO)l(aeTCH Ha qHCJIO, 3aITHCaHHOe B gqeifKe TpeThero CTOJI6u:a weCTOH CTpOKH (C6), a pe3yJibTaT aBTOMaTHqecKH 3aITHCbIBaeTCH B gqeifKY qeTBepTOro CTOJI6u:a rrepBOH CTpOKH (DI). <l>opM}'Jia .llJlH pacqern JanHCbIBaeTCH B TOH gqeifKe, r;:i;e tteo6xo.n;HMO YKa3aTh peJyJihTaT. IlopH,llOK BbIIlOJIHeHH:H pacqeTOB paCCMOTpHM Ha npHMepe COCTaBJieHHH HaKJia,ll;HOH Ha Bbl,llaqy TOBapoB <l>HpMe-IIOKYfiaTemo co CKJia;:i;a <t>HpMbI-npo;:i;aau:a. <l>opMa TaKOH HaKJia,ll;HOH IlOKa3aHa B Ta6JI. 2.3 (HeKOTOpbie peKBH3HTbl HaKJia,ll;HOH He rrpe,UCTaBJieHbl). B rn6JI. 2.3 Ha;:i; cToJI6U:aMH YKaJaHbI 060JHaqa10mHe HX CHMBOJibI.

Ta6irnua 2.3

Haua,1uuu1 M _

ea OTl'JJY3KY Toaapa

HaHMeHOBaHHe roaapa

E.n.H3M.

Ko11.

l.l,etta, p.

CTOHMOCTh, p.

3neKTpoqaifHHK «Tefal»

IIIT.

400

500

200000

3JieKTpoynor «Tefal»

IIIT.

700

450

315000

.Hroro

515000 33

IlpH JanOJIHeHHH HaKJia,z:i:HOH TJ)e6yeTC.sl aBTOManflieCKH BhlnOJIHHTb pac11eT CTOHMOCTH no KIDK,UOMY HaHMeHOBaHHIO H no.uBeCTH HTOr no o6meif CTOHMOCTH OTnymeHHOro TOBapa. CTOHMOCTh TOBapa nepBoro HaHMeHoBaHH.si: pacc11HThIBaeTc.si: no <l>OPMYJie F2 = 02 路 E2. CTOHMOCTh TOBapa BToporo HaHMeHoBaHH.H F3 = 03 路 E3. Tor.ua cToHMOCTb Bcero TOBapa 6y.ueT npe,UCTaBJI.si:Tb co6oif CYMMY 3Ha'leHHH .s111eeK F2 H F3, T.e. F4=F2+F3. Onpe.ueJIHB pac11eTHb1e <t>oPMYJibI, MO)l{}{O npHCTYCTaTh K JanoJIHeHHIO Ta6JIHUbI. IlocJie,UOBaTeJibHOCTb pa3pa60TKH Ta6JIHUhl 6bma H3JIOXeHa pattee, no3TOMY }'KaxeM Tenepb TOJibKO nocJie,llOBaTeJibHOCTb .ueifCTBHH, CB.slJaHHblX c BbIIlOJIHeHHeM pac11eTOB: => BBecTH 'IHCJia B .s111e:HKH cTon6uoB Kon. H U:etta, p.); => Bbl,lJ;eJIHTb Bbl'IHCJI.HeM)'IO Sl'leHKY (F2); => aKTHBH3HpoBaTb Memo Ta611u1-4a; => Bhl6paTb KOMaH,Uy <PopMy/la ... ;

=> B IIO.slBHBIIIeec.si: .UHaJIOroBoe OKHO BBeCTH pac11eTH}'IO <l>OPMYJIY 02路 E2); => Bhl6paTb <t>opMaT JaIIHCH 'IHCJia; => meJIKffYTb MbIIIlbIO no KHOnKe [OK]. PeJyJihTaT Bhl'IHCJieHH:H aBTOMaTH11ecKH 6y.ueT 3arrHcaH B .s111e:HKY F2. AHanorH'IHhie .ueifcTBH.H BhIITOJIHHTh ,UJI.H .s111eeK F3 H F4, BBe.u.si: (=

COOTBeTCTByIOIUHe <l>OPMYJibl. EcJIH Heo6xo.u11Mo ycTaHOBHTh ,UJI.H Bcex 11Hcen Ta6JIHUhI O.UHHaKoBhIH <t>opMaT JanHCH, TO BBO,UHTb HX cne.uyeT qepe3 KOMaH,Uy </JopMyJla, T. e. BBO,UHMOe 'IHCJIO CHa'laJia JanHCbIBaeTC.sl B C'fPOKe </JopMy/la ,Ul-laJIOroBoro OKHa, a 3aTeM BbI6HpaeTC.sl <t>opMaT ero JanHCH. <l>opMaT 'IHCJia - 3TO BH,U OT06paxemrn ero npH BblBO,Ue Ha 3KpaH H B ne11aTb. B .UHaJIOroBOM OKHe KOMaH,Ubl </JopMy/la ... MO)l{}{O BbI6paTb CJie,UyIOIUHe <t>opMaTbl 'IHCeJI: # ##0 - uenoe <IHCJIO c paJ.uenettHeM Tb1c.si:11; # ##0,00 - 'IHCJIO, Bbl'IHCJI.HeMoe c TO'IHOCTbIO .uo BTOporo 3HaKa nocJie JaII.si:TOH; # ##0,00 p. - npe.ucTaBJieHHe <IHCJia B py6n.si:x. ,ll,.rr.si: CYMMHpOBaHH.sl pe3yJibTaTOB Bbl'IHCJieHHH MO)l(HO HCnOJib30BaTb <l>YHKUHIO SUM B cne,UyIOIUHX <t>opMax Jan11c11: =SUM (Al: AlO) - Bhl'IHCJiettHe CYMM ,UJI.H .s111eeK c 1-if no 10-10 cTon6ua A; =SUM (Al;DlO) - BhI'IHCJiettHe CYMM M.H .si:qeeK c Al no 010; =SUM (ABOVE) - Bb11111cnett11e CYMM M.H Bcex .s111eeK cTon6ua, HaxO,ll.slIUHXC.sl BbIIIIe TeKYIIIeH .si:qeifKH; =SUM (LEFT) HJIH =SUM (RIGHn - Bhl'IHCJieHHe CYMM .llIDI Bcex .si:qeeK CTpOKH, HaXO.U.HIUHXC.sl CJieBa HJIH cnpaBa OT TeKYIIIeH .si:qeifKH. Word npe.uocrnBJI.si:eT noJibJOBaTeJIIO .uocTaTO'IHhIH tta6op MaTeMaTH'IeCKHX <l>YHKUHH .llIDI BbIIIOJIHeHH.H IIIHpoKoro Kpyra paC'IeTHbIX Ja,z:i:a'I. 34

HaHMeHOBaHHe

En.

roeapa

HJM.

3JieKTpoqaihrn:K «Tefal»

lllT.

400

lllT.

700

2 3JieKTpOynor

KoJI.

UeHa, p.

{ =

CTOHMOCTh, p.

500\#"###0"} 450

D2*E2\\#"###0"}

D3*E3\\#"###0"}

«Tefal»

11roro PHc. 2.6. BH,11, HaKJia.uttoif c <l>OPMYJiaMH nepeqeHb 3THX <l>YHKllHM MO.}l{HO ye::u,n;eTb B ,ll;HaJIOroBOM OKHe KOMaH)J.bl

<J>opMylla ... IfTaK, HaKJia.n;Hrui: COCTaBJieHa, pacqeTbl BbIIIOJIHeHbl, HO Bbl o6Ha-

P)')KIDIH, qTo HerrpaBHJibHO BBeJIH q:uCJIO OTrryw,eHHblX ynoroB.

.nmi

rrepepacqeTa Heo6xo.n;HMO BbillOJIHHTb CJie.ll}'IOIIlHe .n;eMCTBIDI: ~ Bbl,ll;eJIHTb H'leMKY ~

3aMeHbl q:ucJia;

y.n;armTh q:ucJio;

~ aKTHBH3HpoBaTh MeHio Ta6Auu,a; ~ Bb16paTb KOMaH,n;y <PopMylla ... ; ~

B IIOHBHBIIIeecH ,ll;HaJIOrOBOe OKHO BBeCTH HOBOe q:ucJio;

~ BbI6paTb <t>opMaT 3aIIHCH q:ucJia; ~ meJIKH}'Tb MblIIIbIO no KHOIIKe [OK] (rrp:u 3TOM HOBOe 3HaqeH:ue Jarr:uIIIeTcH B gqeifKY);

Ta6Auu,a; BbtOeAumb ma611uu,y;

~ aKTHBH3HpoeaTb MeHIO

~ BhI6paTh KOMaHJJ.y

~ Ha}l{aTb KJiaBHIIIY [F9] (Word rrpoH3Be)J.eT rrepecqeT eceu Ta6JIIDU>1); ~ OTMeHHTb Bbl)J.eJiett:ue Ta6JIHUbl. Ilp:u tteo6XO)J.HMOCTH rrpaBHJibHOCTb BBe)J.eHHbIX pacqeTHbIX <t>opMYJI MO)J(HO rrpoBepMTb, Bbl)J.eJIMB Ta6JIMuY M Ha)J(aB KOM6Mttaumo KJiaBMIII HapMC.

lfa

[Shift] + [F9],

TOr)J.a Ta6JI.

2.3

6y)J.eT MMeTb BM)]., IlOKa3aHHbIM

2.6.

pHCyttKa BM)J.HO, qTo B gqeifKax CTOJI6ua Ko.JI. <l>OPMYJia OTCYT-

CTByeT. 3To 03HaqaeT, qTO q11cJia B 3TH gqenKH BBO)J.HJIMCb 06b1qHbIM crroco6oM, T. e. 6e3 rrp:uMetteHIDI KOMaHJJ.bI

<PopMylla. B gqenKax c

<t>op-

MyJiaMM YKa3aH eme M <t>opMaT BblBO)J.a q11cJia. qT06bI BePHYTb Ta6JIHUe ee rrepBOHaqaJibHbIH BM)]., tteo6xo,n;HMO Bbl)J.eJIMTb ee M Ha)J(aTb KOM6Httaumo KJiaBHIII

[Shift]+ [F9].

2.5. nocTpOeHMe ,qMarpaMM M rpa<l>MKOB Ha OCHOBe McrroJib30BattMe Word

Ta6nM~

wrn co3)].att:uH )J.eJIOBbIX )J.OK}'MettTOB rro3BO-

m1eT rrpoBeCTM attaJIH3 CHT}'au:u:u M rrporH03HpOBatt:ue pe3yJibTaTOB )J.eHTeJibHOCTM <l>ttpMbI. PaccMOTpHM B03MO)J(HOCTM Word tta rrp11Mepe

Ta6nHua

2.4

0rteTB8JI Be,11.0MOCTh DO pe8JIB3Bn&B npo~ 38 1-e DOJl}TO,ll.lle 1996 r.

HaHMeHoBaHHe rosapa

nn.

1 3neicrpoqaifHHK

KOJIHllecTBO peanHJOBaHHoro rosapa, urr., no Mec.11uaM ro)l.a

50000

45000

20000

10000

5000

300

100

2000

15000

25000

31000

45000

«Tefal»

3neicrpoynor «Tefal»

COCTaBJieHIDI exeMeCWIHOH CBO,ll;IGI 0 qHCJie npo,ll;IDK npo~HH qmpMbl (Ta6JI.

2.4).

Ha OCHOBe npHBe,ll;eHHOH Be,ll;OMOCTH MO)l{HO rrpoaHaJIHJHpoBaTb )J;HHaMHKY HJMeHeHIDI o6'heMa rrpo,ll;IDK no HaHMeHoBaHIDIM rrpo,LzyK-

60000~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

50 ooo

························t·1laiii.iiKii····:···························:···························1·················

40000 .............

,~o~· 30 000 ··········· ······

20000 ·············· 10000 ....

Mec.RUbI

PHC.

2.7.

fpact>mrn ofu.eMa npo,ll;IDK, COOTBCTCTB)'IOW:HC )l.aHHbIM Ta6n.

2.4

50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 -¥=-J'--"-~J-...

4 -

PHc.

2.8.

-YTJOrn

CTOJJ6HKOBM ,11.HarpaMMa, nocTpoeHHM no ,ll;aHHhIM Ta6n.

2.4

UHH, ,ll,JI.H qero Heo6XO,ll,HMO nocTpOHTh COOTBeTCTBYJOll{He rpaq>HKH IDIH ,LJ,HarpaMMbl.

,[lmI

nOCTpOeHH.H rpaq>HKa IDIH ,ll,HarpaM-

Mbl Heo6XO,ll,HMO:

==>

Bbl,Ll;eJIHTb CTpOIGI IDIH CTOJI6Ubl ,LJ,aH-

HbIX;

==> aKTHBH3HpoaaTb MeHio Bcma61ca; ==> BbI6paTb KOMaHJlY 06'beKm ... ; ==> B ,lJ,HaJIOfOBOM OKHe BbI6paTb npIDioxeHHe Microsoft Graph 5.0. TiocJie qero OTKpoeTc.H OKHO

cmpoeHwi auazpOMM U zparjJUK06.

Macmep no,nanee, Bbl-

IlOJIH.H.H no rnaraM ace KoMaH,LJ,bI MacTepa, no.n:yqaIOT rpaq>HK IDIH ,LJ,HarpaMM}', COOTBeT-

Puc. 2.9. KpyroBM Jl:HarpaMMa, COOTBeTCTBYIOmru1 J1:aHHhIM Ta6n. 2.4 3a MaPT Mec111.1,

CTBYJOll{He ,LJ,aHHbIM Be,LJ,OMOCTH. Ha pttc.

2.7

noKaJaHa ,LJ,HHaMHKa H3MeHeHHH o6'beMa npo,D,ax no

HattMeHOBaHH.HM npOJzyKI.J:HH B COOTBeTCTBHH c Ta6JI.

2.4.

Ha pHC. 2.8 H pHC. 2.9 npe,D,CTaBJieHbl CTOJI6HKOBa.H H KpyroBa.H ,lJ,HarpaMMbl, KOTOpbie TaKXe MOXHO npHMeIDITb ,lJ,JI.H aHaJIH3a pe3yJibTaTOB ,LJ,e.HTeJibHOCTH B pa3lil{qHbIX c<t>epax.

2.6. Pa6oTa c 6a3aMM AaHHblX Eme o,LJ,Ha 3aMeqareJThHa.H B03MOXHOCTb Word- 3TO pa6oTa c 6aJaMH ,LJ,aHHbIX.

BaJa ,LJ,aHHblX -

3TO MH<l>opMau;HH 06 o6'beKTax, xpaIDII.l{a.HCH a naMH-

™KOMTibIOTepa (Ha ,lJ,HCKaX H ,D,pyrHX HOCHTeJI.HX). 0,LJ,HOTHilHble Ofi'beKTbI xapaKTepH3YJOTC.H 0,lJ,HHaKOBbIM Ha6opoM npH3HaKOB H OTJil{qaJOTC.H O,ll,HH OT ,D,pyroro TOJibKO 3HaqeHHHMH 3THX npH3HaKOB. MH<l>OpMaUH.H B 6a3e ,LJ,aHHblX xpaHHTC.H B BH,LJ,e Ta61mu, COCTO.HII..J;HX H3 KOJIOHOK (noJieH) H CTpOK (3anHceH:). Kax,LJ,oe none Ta6JIHUbl npe,D,HaJHaqeHO ,lJ,JI.H OnHCaHH.H KaKOH-JIHOO O,ll,HOH xapaKTepHCTHIGI

o6'beKTa.

Kax,LJ,OH ,HqeHKe O,ll,HOH CTpOIGI 3anHCblBaeTC.H 3HaqeHHe COOTBeT-

CTBYJOiu;eH xapaKTepHCTHIGI o6'beKTa. ~a.H CTpOKa 3anHCH 6a3bl ,LJ,aHHbIX xapaKTepH3yeT O,ll,HH H3 06'beKTOB. CaMblH npocrn:H npHMep 6a3hl ,LJ,aHHblX -

3TO HH<l>opMaUHH o co-

TpYAHHKax <l>HPMbl, CBe,LJ,eHHa.H B Ta6JIHUY. KaK npaBIDIO, Ha Kax,LJ,Oro COTpY,LJ,HHKa <l>HPMbl 3aBO,lJ,HTC.H KapToqKa c }'Ka3aHHeM ero ,ll,OJDKHOCTH, OKJia,aa, ,LJ,aThl nocTYflJleHHH, ,LJ,OMarnHero a,apeca H APYfHX cee,LJ,eHHH. ,l(aHHbie H3 TaIGIX KapToqeK MOXHO CBeCTH B Ta6JI. 0,LJ,HO H3 Ha3HaqeHHH 6a3 ,LJ,aHHblX -

2.5.

npoH3BO,lJ,HTh nOHCK Heo6xo-

,ll,HMOH HH<l>opMaUHH. Word no3BOJI.HeT npOH3BO,LJ,HTb noHcK ,LJ,aHHbIX B Ta6JIHUax, COCTaBJieHHblX KaK c nOMOIUblO caMoro pe,D,aKTopa, TaK H c npHMeHeHHeM cneuHaJibHblX npHKJia,LJ,HbIX nporpaMM, HanpHMep Access IDIH Excel.

Ta6nwua 2.5 Ta6JIHU.a ;:i;auuwx o coTpy.n;uuKax ,[l;OJDKHOCTh

OKJian;, p.

,[l;am noc1)'IIJie mm

Be;:i;. HIDKeHep

15 000

01.01.99

MocKBa, yn. E.TioJIHHKa, ,LI;. 39, KB. 34

12 000

12.01.99

Eanaumxa, yn. JleHHHa, ;:i;.5, KB.123

20000

20.12.98

MocKBa, yn. MMKOBCKOro, ,LI;. 13, KB. 264

<1>110

HB<tHOB H.H.

Cw;:i;opoB C.C. MeHe.n;:lK:ep TieTpoB TI.TI.

Haq. oT.n;ena

,[l;oMaunrnil: a11pec

Ilocne.ri;oBaTeJibHOCTb 110HCKa u:mpopMaU,HH paCCMOTpHM Ha 11pu:Mepe rn6n.

2.5,

xpamnue:HcH Ha .ri;u:cKe c u:MeHeM basa.doc.

IlyCTb He06XOAHMO Haif:Tu: c11eu,1rnJIHCTOB <J:>u:pMbl, 11onyqa10mu:x OKJIM 6onee

12000 p.

IloHCK ocymeCTBJIHeTCH B CJie)J;ylOII(eM 110PMKe:

Bb16paTb KOMaffAY

Ea3a iJaHHblX B MeHIO BcmaB1ca, Ha 3KpaHe Ea3a iJaHHblX (pu:c. 2.10);

110HBHTCH )J;HaJIOfOBOe OKHO

=> meJIKffYTb MbllllblO 110 KHOl1Ke [IlonyqHTb .ri;aHHbie •.• ]; => B 110HBHBIIIeMCH )J;HaJIOfOBOM OKHe (pu:c. 2.11) Bb16paTb H)')KHYlO Ta6nu:u,y (6a3y .ri;aHHbIX) H meJIKffYTb MbllllblO 110 KHOl1Ke [OK];

=> B CJie)J;ylOII(eM 110HBHBIIIeMCH )J;HaJIOfOBOM OKHe

(pu:c.

2.12)

110)];-

TBep.ri;HTb, qTo 6a3a .ri;aHHhIX co3.ri;aHa B pe.ri;aKTope Word;

110CJie 110)J;TBep)l()J.eHHH HCTOqHHKa .ri;aHHblX B )J;HaJIOrOBOM OKHe

Ea3a iJaHHbtX (CM. pu:c. 2.10) meJIKffYTb MhIIIIhlO 110 KHO II Ke [ Onu,u:u: 3anpoca];

B 110HBHBIIIeMCH )J;HaJIOrOBOM OKHe

Onl(UU 3anpoca 3anu:caTb

YCJIOBHH BbI6opKH Htt<J:>opMal(HH H3 6a3bl .ri;aHHbIX, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha

2.13, H meJIKffYTb MblIIlblO no KHOIIKe [OK]; => B IIOHBHBIIIeMCH BHOBb )J;HaJIOfOBOM OKHe Ea3a iJaHHblX (CM. pu:c. 2.10) w:eJIKffYTb MbIIIlblO 110 KHOIIKe [BcTaBHTb .ri;aHHbie B AOKYMeHT]

pu:c.

(TeKYW:HH).

6a3a

aaHHbl><

Pwc. 2.10. ,l],wanoroBoe OKHO Ea3a iJaHHbtx

0TKpblTb MCTO'IHMK AaHHblK

'Paiin:

!S;rranor:

jhasa.doc b1 16.doc b1l.doc b18_26.doc b27_31.doc b32_33.doc b34_40.doc b41 47.doc b48:::58.doc b59 n.doc book_n.doc book_o.doc

I. I. L

c: \ed\school

l.J

:El

~c:\

~ed

L:Jabc

~ ~

IQ c: ms-dos_6

~01<yHeHTw Wo1d ('.doc)

El B

J!ai~n1...

Cnp;i_a11a

!111c1t:

11111:

OK lJTHeHa

fiC

Oo.uaepllUl.eH11e !JPeo6pasoaaHMA

Puc. 2.11. )l.ua.JioroBoe oKHo Alli OTKPhITIDI 6a3hI .n:aHHhIX

WordPerfect 5.0 qepes KOHBeprop (".doc) WordPerfect 5.1 AllA MS-DOS qepes KOHBeprop (".doc) WordPerfect 5.x AflA Windows qep"" KOHBeprop (".doc) 8ropwqHwil ...,WI WordPerfect 5.1 """ 5. 2 qepes KOHBep 8ropwqHwil ...,An WordPerfect 5.0 qepes KOHBeprop ('.d _ 1 Word AllA Windows 2.0 qepes KOHBeprop ('.doc) .i.!..J

ace

!JPeo6pasoaaHMA

I•m:

j.n~yHeHTw Word ('.doc)

Puc. 2.12. )l.ua.JioroBoe OKHO IloiJmoepxiJeHue ucmormwca iJaHHblX

OmtMM sanpoca

!lone: CpaaHeHwe: jo""""'--Py6=i:J

J,. 6_on_•_we-----.-....,

fi1Ef I

CpaoHeHwe c qeH:

.-----=--...-.1

CJ:J~l=:=:::=::=:-===;:::;~=====i::::.:~~:::.::::::=::::~:..;:::;1 C:S-~~:=======.;:::;·=~===:::::::=~~ r=s~

,...=.-=-~~~1

CEU,!·-·==,=~,-OK

OrHetta

]

O~wCTH'lb ace

Puc. 2.13. OI<Ho On14uu 3anpoca c BBe,n:eHHhIMU ycnoBIDJMU Bbl6opKH

<1>110

,[{OJDKHOCTb

01oia.n,

.[{am

IIOC'JYlllleHW!

L{OMllIIIHHH a,npec

HBattoB 11.11.

Be.n;. HIDKeHep

15000

01.01.99

MocKBa, yn. 6. IIoJUIHKa, )];. 39, KB. 34

IIeTpoB II.II.

Ha':I. o-r.n;ena

20000

20.12.98

MocKBa, yn.Masi:KOBCKOfO, )];. 13, KB. 264

PHc. 2.14. PeJyJibTaT noHcKa ,n;aHHblX no Ja;::i:aHHbIM ycJIOBIDIM

pe3yJibTaTe rrpoBe)leHHOfO IIOHCKa Bee CBe)leHIDI, OTBeqaJOIIJ;He

3a)laHHbIM YCJIOBIDIM Bbl60pKH, 6yJlYT BhlBe)leHhl Ha 3KpaH B BH)le Ta6JIHUbI, IIOKa3aHHOH Ha pHC.

2.14.

TIOHCK )laHHhIX B Ta6JIHuax MO)l(HO OCYIIJ;eCTB.JUITb 0.llHOBpeMeHHO no HeCKOJibKHM ycJIOBIDIM (HeCKOJibKHM rroIDIM). HarrpHMep, MO)l(HO HaiiTH )laHHhle, Y.llOBJieTBopRIOIIJ;He cJieJlYIOIUHM ycJIOBIDIM: crreuHaJIHCThl, 3aHHMaIOIIJ;He 0.llHY H TY xe JlOJl)l(HOCTb H HMeIOIIJ;He OKJla)l H .llaTY IIOCTYIIJieHIDI B 3a)laHHhlX rrpe)leJiax (60Jibllle, MeHbwe, paBHO, He paBHO, 60Jlb111e HJIH paBHO, MeHb111e HJIH paBHo).

J.fa rrpHBe)leHHoro rrpHMepa BH)lHO,

'ITO .llIDI C03)laHIDI 6a3 )laHHbIX

H pa60Tb1 c HHMH TeXffHqeCKHX BOOMO)l{HOCTeit peJlaKTOpa Word BIIOJIHe JlOCTaToqHO BO MHOfHX rrpOH3BO.llCTBeHHhlX CHTYaUHSIX. EcJIH Ha qrnpMe HMeIOTCH 6aJbI )laHHbIX, pa3pa6oTaHHbie B CHCTeMe Access, HJIH Ta6JIHUbI (HarrpHMep, 6yxra.11TepcKHe), C03.llaHHbie B cpe.lle Excel, TO rrpH BbIIIOJIHeHHH pa3JIWIHbIX OT'leToB, crrpasoK H .llPYrHX )leJIOBbIX .llOKYMeHTOB H3 HHX c IIOMOIIJ;blO pe)laKTopa Word MO)l(HO TaIOKe IIOJIY'IHTb He06XO.llHMbie CBe)leHHSI, BbIIIOJIHHB )leHCTBHSI, aHaJIOfHqHbie H3JIO)!(eHHbIM paHee.

2. 7.

0,qHoepeMeHHaJI pa6oTa

c pa3HblMM ,QOt<yMeHT3MM LI.eJiorrpoH3BO.llCTBO sKJIIOqaeT B ce6H pa3JIWIHb1e BH.llbI pa60Tb1 c .llOKYMeHTauHeli:, HarrpHMep: • COCTaBJiem-i:e .llOKYMeHTOB c 0.llHHaKOBbIMH TeKCTOBbIMH <l>parMeHTaMH; • BHeCeHHe B .llOKYMeHTbl HH<l>opMaUHH H3 6a3 )laHHbIX HJIH 3JieKTpoHHblX Ta6JIHU; • BbIIIOJIHeHHe B npouecce C03.llaHIDI .llOKYMeHTa pacqeTos; • C03)laHHe pHCYHKa .llJIH BCTaBKH ero B TeKCT H Jlp. TipH pa3pa6oTKe JlOKYMeHTOB HCIIOJib3yIOT )lBa pe)!(HMa pa60Tbl pe)laKTopa Word: MHorooKOHHbIH pe)!(HM H pa6orn c .llPYfHMH rrpHJIO)!(eHHSIMH Windows. TipWieM o6a pe)!(HMa pa6oTbI ocHoBaHbI Ha 11cnoJib30BaHHH 6y<l>epa o6MeHa.

Pa6ara pe,znurropa Word e MHOl'OOKOHHOM pe1KBMe.

Pa3pa6oTKa .n:o-

K)'MeHTOB B MHOfOOKOHHOM pe)l(HMe npOH3BO.llHTCH no cxeMe: ~ OTKpblTb OKHO .lI)UI C03,llaHHH HOBOfO .llOK}'MeHTa, BhI6paB KO-

MaH)zy

Co3oamb

H3 MeHIO

<Pau.n

IDIH w;eJIKHyB MblIIIblO Ha COOTBeT-

crnyiow;eii KHOnKe naHeJIH HHCTp}'MeHTOB; ~

OTKpbITb .llOK}'MeHT, H3 KOTOporo .llOJDKHhl KOnHpOBaTbCH .n:aH-

Hhie, BblIIOJIHHB He06XO.llHMhle .n:eiiCTBHH no 3arpy3Ke 3TOfO .llOKYMeHTa (npH 3TOM Ha 3KpaHe .llHCIIJieH .llOJDKeH noHBHTbCH TeKCT 3TOro L{OK}'MeHTa);

~ Bhl.IleJIHTh He06XO.llHMblH <l>parMeHT TeKCTa H CKOnHpOBaTb ero B 6y<l>ep o6MeHa; ~ OTKpblTb OKHO HOBOro .llOK}'MeHTa, w;eJIIOIYB KHOIIKOH MblIIIH

no MeHJO

0KHo;

~ B IIOHBHBIIIeMCH HHCIIa,n;aiow;eM MeHlO meJIKHYTb KHOIIKOit MhillIH

no HMeHH cOO,llasaeMoro .llOKYMeHTa (B c.rryqae, eCJIH .llOKYMeHT He coxpammcH, 1ITO COOTBeTCTByeT OIIHChlBaeMo:H: cxeMe, BMeCTO HMeHH B MeHIO 6y,neT YKaJaHO

,l(oKyMeHm 1); (,l(oKyMeHm 1)

~ B OTKphIBIIIeMCH OKHe

C03,llaTb Heo6xo,nHMblit

TeKCT' BCTaBHB H3 6y<l>epa CKOIIllpOBaHHhlit B Hero <l>parMeHT ,npyroro .llOK}'MCHTa.

Pa6ora pe.znurropa Word c .z.pyrBMB npBJioJK:eBBJIMB Wmdows.

Ilpu

pa3pa6oTKe TeKCTOBbIX ,D;OK}'MeHTOB MO)f(CT B03HHKHyTb HeOOXO,llHMOCTb BhIIIOJIHeHHH KaKHX-JIH6o .n:eitcTBHH, KOTOpb1e B Word HeB03MO)f(Hbl ;rn6o He3<P<l>eKTHBHhl. HanpHMep, BhIIIOJIHHTh npocTbie apH$MeTHqecKHe pacqeThI B CHCTeMax Windows 3.1 H Windows 3.11 MO)f(HO, He 3aKpbIBaH pe.n:aKTHpyeMblH .llOK}'MeHT, ,llJUI qero He06XO.llHMO:

~ HaxaTb KOM6HHaUHIO KJiaBHIII [Ctrl] BbIIIOJIHeHHlO KOMaH,Ilbl

+ [Esc],

IlepeKlllO'IUmbCR 6 ... ,

'ITO paBH03Ha'IHO

KOTOpaH CTaHeT .llOC-

rynHOM npH IUeJI'IKe MbIIIIH no KHOnKe CHCTeMHOro MeH10;

~ B noHBHBIIIeMCH OKHe Bhl.IleJIHTb CTPOKY ,l(ucnem'lep npocpaMM H, [OK], OTKpblTb COOTBeTCTBYJOIUee OKHo; ~ JarrycTHTb Ha BbIIIOJIHeHHe COOTBeTCTBYJOIUee npHJIO)f(eHHe;

meJIKHYB no KHOnKe

~ BbIIIOJIHHTb B npHJIOXeHHH Tpe6yeMbie .n:e:ti:CTBHH;

~ nepeKJIJO'IHThCH B Word, HaxaB KOM6HHaUHlO KJiaBHIII [Ctrl]

[Esc], H B nOHBHBIIIeMCH OKHe OTMeTHTb MhIIIlblO CTpOKY

Word.. ,

nocJie qero Ha 3KpaHe OTKpOeTCH oKHo c pe;::i:aKTHpyeMbIM .llOKYMeHTOM. EcJIH B pe3yJihTaTe pa6oTbI c ;::i:pyrnM npHJioxeHHeM Windows Heo6xo.n:HMO BCTaBHTb B TeKCT pe;::i:aKTHpyeMoro .llOK}'MeHTa, TO rrepe;::i: «B03BpameHHeM» B Word CJie.n:yeT CKOnHpOBaTh HX B 6y<l>ep o6MeHa, a nocJie nepexo.n:a K pe,llaKTHpyeMOMY .llOK}'MeHry BCTaBHTb HH$OpMaUHIO H3 6y<l>epa B Hy)f(HOe MeCTO. IlpH pa6oTe B CHCTeMe Windows

nepexo,ll HJ O.llHOro npHJioxe-

HHH B ,llpyroe 3Ha'IHTeJibHO rrpow;e, T. e. npH pa6oTe c HeCKOJibKHMH npHJIO)f(eHHHMH rrpOCTO IIOCJie,llOBaTeJibHO OTKpbIBaIOT Kax,lloe H3 HHX.

3TOM cnyqae B CTpOKe COCTOHHHH IIOHBJUllOTCH Ha3BaHHH KHOIIOK

OTKpblTbIX npHJIOXeHHH, H Tor.n:a .lI)UI nepexo.n:a H3 aKTHBHOro rrpHJIO-

)l(eHJUI K mo6oMy .n;pyroMy L(OCTaTO'IHO lll,eJIKHYTh MhllllhlO ITO COOTBeTCTB)'IOlll,eU KHOITKe. PaccMOTpHM HeK0Toph1e rrpHeMhI pa6oThI, Heo6xo.n;HMhie rrpH co3.n;aHHH .D:OKYMeHTa c HJIJIIOCTpaTHBHhIM (rpa<t>H'leCKHM) MaTepmUIOM. CHcTeMa Windows H pe.n;aKTop Word rrpe.n;ocTaBJUIIOT B03MO)l(HOCTh BCTaBKH fOTOBhIX pHCyttKOB H3 <t>aUJla Clipart, BXO,LVllll,ero B COCTaB <t>aUJloB pe.n;aKTOpa Word, H PHCYHKOB H3 .n;pyrHX .D:OKYMeHTOB. BcmaBK11 Wm06wx pucyHK06 w f[Jaii.Jla Clipart. B crreIU1a.JlhHOM <t>aUJle Clipart TeKcToBoro pe.n;aKTopa HMeeTCR OKOJIO 100 roTOBhIX p11cyttKOB, KOTOphie MO)l(HO BCTaBHTh B C03L(aBaeMhIU .D:OKYMeHT (pHC. 2.15). Bhl6op 11 BCTaBKa roTOBhIX pHCYHKOB H3 <t>aUJla Clipart rrpOH3BO.D:HTCR B CJie.n;yiolll,eM rropR.n;Ke: ~ ycTaHOBHTh TeKCTOBhIH KYPCOp B TO Mecro, KY.n:a Tpe6yeTcR BCTaBHTh p11cyttoK; ~ aKTHBH3HpoBaTh MeHIO Bcma61ca; ~ 3arrycTHTh KOMaH,Dy BcmaBumb pucynoK ... ;

~ B OTKphIBIIIeMCR .n;HaJIOroBOM OKHe HaHTH Tpe6yeMyio KapTHHKY' KOTOPM B rrpo11ecce IIOHCKa IIORBHTCR B OKHe IlpoCMomp (pHC. 2.16), H lll,eJIKHYTh MhIIIlhlO no KHOIIKe [OK]. Bh16paHHM KapTHHKa 6y.n;eT BCTaBJieHa B reKcT .n:oKYMeHTa B MecTe Haxo)l(L(eHIDI TeKCTOBoro KYPCopa. BcmaBKa pucynKoB w iJpyzux iJoKyMenmoB. PaccMOTpHM rrocne.n;oBaTeJihHOCTh .n;eHCTBHH rrpH BCTaBKe pHCyttKa H3 .D:OKYMeHTa, pa3pa6oTaHHOfO B JII060M rrpHJIO)l(eHHH c rrpe.n;BapHTeJihHhIM ero pe.n;aKTHpOBaHHeM: ~ BhI.n;eJIHTh pHCyttOK HJIH ero <t>parMeHT; ~ CKOIIHpOBaTh pHCyttOK B 6y<l>ep o6MeHa c IIOMOlll,hlO KOM6HHallHH KJiaBHIII [Ctrl) + [C); ~ rrepe:UTH B JII06ou rpa<t>H'leCKHU pe.n;aKTop, HMelOlll,HUCR Ha L(HCKe (qepe3 KOMatt.n;y Ilepeumu B ... ); ~ BCTaBHTh pHCyttOK H3 6y<t>epa o6MeHa L(JIR pe.n;aKTHpOBaHHR c rroMOlll,hlO KOM6HHa1IHH KJiaBHIII [ Ctrl] + [VJ; ~ OTpe.n;aKTHpOBaTh pHCyttoK; ~ BhI.n;eJIHTh OTpe.n;aKTHpOBaHHhIU pHCyttOK HJIH ero <t>parMeHT; ~ CKOIIHpOBaTh BhI.n;eJieHHhIH o6'beKT B 6y<t>ep o6MeHa; ~ rrepe:UTH B Word (B .D:OKYMeHT, KY.n:a BCTaBJIReTcR p11cyttoK); ~ BCTaBHTh pHCYHOK H3 6y<l>epa o6MeHa. Pe.n;aKT11poBam1e pttCYHKOB B rpa<t>11qecKHx pe.n;aKTopax - rrpHJio)l(eHHRX Windows - rrocne 113yqeHHR Bcex rrpHeMOB pa6oThI B Word He cocrnBHT oco6hIX CJIO)l(Hocre:U. Ha p11c. 2.17 rroKaJatto oKHo rpa<t>H'lecKoro pe.n;aKTopa Paint, c rroMOlll,hlO KOToporo aBTOphI BhIIlOJIHRJIH pe.n;aKTHPOBaHHe pHCYHKOB .n;aHHOH KHHfH. lfa pHCyttKa BH.n;HO, 'ITO OKHO rpa<l>H'leCKOro pe.n;aKTopa rrpaKTHqecKH He OTJIH'laeTcR OT ~e 3HaKoMoro oKHa pe.n;aKTopa Word, T. e. OCBOeHHe rpa<l>tt'leCKOfO pe.n;aKTopa He rrpe.n;crnBJIReT oco6hIX TpY.D:HOCTeu, Il03TOMY .n;a.n;HM JIHIIIh .n;Ba COBeTa.

P11c. 2.15. CTp11Mepb1p11cyHKOB113 <Pai111a Clipart

E'f

BCT aBHTb pMcyHoK ~;n111:

!l;rranor:

jhooks.wml

c:\winW01d\clipai!

1 stplace. wml anchm.wmf artist.wmf atomengy.wmf banner.wmf

r flpocMOTp

127 c:\ ~winword

bea1m1kt.wml bird.wml bullmrkl.wml buttrlly.wmf catwmf celtic.wmf

..:..I AMcâ&#x20AC;˘<:

j (g c: ms-dos_6

Irm:

IBee rpa11pw111ec1twe cpaliblbl o~

0r-

l.:J

liall'r11...

[iC [!pocMOrp C11!J'i1T1> (i' XpamHb pHC!~Hoj\ H LJ.O~~~Hew.e

c:.,._..

P11c. 2.16. 811n n11Morosoro OKHa KOMaHllhl Bcmaeumb pucyHoK

;='Pa:.....11n..,..:_..,.___ _ ~anor: jbooks. wmf c: \winword\clipart 1stplace.wmf anchor.wmf

artist.wmf atomengy.wmf

~c:\ ~winword

•~mm••••

banner.wmf bearmrkt.wmf

bird.wmf bullmrkt.wmf buttrfly. wmf cat.wmf celtic.wmf

Twn:

Jln~ OOJ'lylfeHMR cnpaBK~ BbKJepwe KOMat1J.Y 1'8bl30S crtpaBl!(i-t" M3 MeHIO '7"

.;IJn~cK ~ Microso/t WOid -879_ DOC llii1'6esMMeHM - Paint

PHc.

2.17. BM mrna rpacl>H'!ecKoro pe,l.l;aKTopa Paint c JJ:]UI

li1!I

1459

pHCYffKOM

pe,l.l;aKTHpOBaHIDI

Ilpe~e qeM Haq1rnau, KaKoe-1u160 .ri;eitcTBHe c pHCYffKOM, 3a,nyMaHTeCb, qTo xe He06XOJ].HMO CJ].eJiaTb? Tiocne qero w;eJIKHHTe MblIllblO no cooTBeTCTBYIOilleH .KHom<e H BbinOJIIDIHTe, ~o 3~aJIH. OTMeHHTb xe BbinOJIIDieMOe J].eHCTBHe MO)l{HO COOTBeTCTBYIOilleH KOMaHJl.OH H3 MeHIO IIpaBKa. Tipe~e qeM 3aKoHqHTb .ri;aHHblH pa3.nen, He06XOJl.HMO CKa3aTb 0 3aMeqaTeJibHOM CBOHCTBe KJiaBHIIIH [Print Screen], npH HaxaTHH KOTopoit Bee co.ri;ep)KHMOe 3KpaHa 6y.ri;eT cKonHpoBaHo B 6y<t>ep o6MeHa. OcBoeHHe TeXHoJiomH pa6oTbI c pe.ri;aKTopoM Word 3HaqHTeJibHo coKpaTHT Bpewi: Ha H3yqeHHe JJ.pyrHX npHJio:xceHHH Windows.

KoHTponbHb1e eonpocb1 1. fJJ:e npHMeIUi:eTCR TeKCTOBhlH pe,l.l;aKTop Word?

2. KaKOBa ITOCJie,l.l;OBaTeJibHOCTb pa.3pa60TKH .neJIOBOro .llOK}'MeHTa? 3. KaKOBbl cnoco6bl KOITHposaHIDI H nepeMeIUeHHSI yqaCTKOB TeKCTa? 4. OrKpbIB Ha KOMilblOTepe TeKCTOBblH pe,l.l;aKTop Word, OTBeTbTe, KaKOBO HaJHaqeHHe KOMaH.ll MeH10 BuiJ, <PopMam? 5. KaKoBa nocJieJJ:oBaTeJibHOCTb JJ:eHCTBHH npu coJJJ:aHHH Ta6JIHl.Ud? 6. KaKOBa nocne,l.l;oBaTeJibHOCTb JJ:eHCTBHH npu BCTaBKe B TeKcT o6'beKTOB HJ JJ:pyrux npHJio:lKeHHH Windows? 7. KaKoBa nocJieJJ:oBaTeJibHOCTb i:i:eii:cTBHH no coxpaHeHHIO .llOK}'MeHrn?

rnaea 3 MACTEP COJ,QAHM~ nPEJEHTAUMH MICROSOFT POWE RPO INT

3.1. 06nacTM np111MeHeHMH Microsoft PowerPoint Macrep co3.a;aHIDI rrpe3eHTaUHH Microsoft PowerPoint MO)l{HO OTHeCTH K rpyrrrre TeKCTOBo-rpa<t>W1ecKHX pe.a;aKTopoa. TepMHH «rrpe3eHTaUIDI» 03HaqaeT rrpe.a;CTaBJieHHe, IIOKa3, CJie.a;oBaTeJibHO, OCHOBHOe Ha3HaqeHHe PowerPoint - c03.a;aHHe .a;eMOHCTpal.lHOHHbIX CJiaH.a;oa, KOTOpble MOryr HMeTh Pa3JIH'IHble 3B}'KOBble H aHHMal.lHOHHble 3$$eK.Thl (a TOM qffCJie peqeaoe corrpoaox,.zi:eHHe). IlpHMeHeHHe MaCTepa C03)l;aHIDI rrpe3eHTauHH BeCbMa pa3H006pa3HO. HarrpHMep, .a;eMoHcTpaUIDI HJIJIIOCTpaTHBHoro MaTepHaJia rrpH BbICTyrrJiemrnx Ha Pa3JIH'IHblX Hayqm,IX KOH<t>epeHmmx H 33.IUHTe KYPCOBblX H )l;HIIJIOMHbIX pa6oT BO apeMH yqe6bl. 3<t><t>eKTHBHO rrpHMeHeHHe PowerPoint B peKJiaMHOH .a;eHTeJibHOCTH rrpe.a;rrpIDITHH H <l>HpM, oco6eHHO c yqeTOM Toro, qTo IIOCJie)l;HHe ero aepCHH (HarrpHMep, PowerPoint 2000) II03BOIDIIOT pacrrpocTpaIDITb rrpe3eHTaUHH B ceTH Internet. Ha pHc. 3.1 rroKa3aHo pa6oqee OKHO Microsoft PowerPoint 2000, OCHOBHbie rryHKTbl MeHIO KOTOporo aHaJIOfH'IHbl MeHIO TeKCTOBOfO pe.a;aKTopa Word. TeXHonorH'-!eCKH pa3pa6oTKa rrpeJeHTaUHH cao.a;HTCH K coJ,n:aHHIO TeKCTa H BCTaBKe B Hero rpa<t>H'leCKHX o6beKTOB, T. e. rrpaKTH'leCKH oHa aHaJIOrH'IHa pa6oTe B TeKCTOBOM pe.a;aKTope Word. IloCKOJibKY rrpeJeHTaUIDI rrpe.a;CTaBJI51eT co6oH: HeKOTOpyIO IIOCJienoBaTeJibHOCTb CJiaii:.a;OB, TO rrpex.n;e qeM rrpHCTyrraTb K ee COJ,n:aHHIO Heo6xo.a;HMO pa3pa60TaTb cueHapHH: 6y.llYlllero BH.a;eo<t>HJibMa. ,[(JIH rrpHMepa IIOKIDKeM <t>parMeHT rrpe3eHTaUHH, OTpaJKa10iueH: CJie)l;yIOIUHH cueHapHH BH.a;eo<t>HJibMa: Cnaii:.a; 1. HaJBaHHe Ka<t>e.a;pbI H ee KpaTKaH xapaKTepHCTHKa. Cnaii:.a; 2. XapaKTepHCTHKa crreUHaJibHOCTeii: Ka<t>e.a;pbI. Cnaii:.a; 3. OpraHHJarop H PYKOBOAHTeJib Ka<t>e.a;pbI (JaBeAYJOIUHH Ka<t>e.a;poH:). Cnaii:.a;bI 4 ... 9. Ilperro.a;aaaTeJIH Ka<t>e.a;pbI (<t>ororpa$HH H qHTaeMbie npe.a;MeTbI). Cnaii:.a; 10. 3acrnaKa (yqe6HbIH rrpouecc Ha Ka<t>e.a;pe). Cnaii:.a; 11. Oco6eHHOCTH yqe6Horo rrpouecca. Cnaii:.a; 12. 3acTaBKa (HayqHaH pa6oTa Ha Ka<t>e.a;pe). CJiaii:.a; 13. OcHOBHbie HarrpaBJieHIDI HayqHoH: pa6oTbI Ha Ka<t>e.a;pe. Cnaii:.a; 14. 3acrnaKa (KYJihrypa, cnopT H OTAbIX). Cnaii:.a; 15. KyJihTYPHhie MeporrpIDITIDI.

J~Micioioft PowerPoint

PHc. 3.1. Pafioqee oKHo Microsoft PowerPoint 2000

Bcr~a i:JlQPtja? c~ n()f<.~ c.naftQoc il,KHO ,Cnpt1l!IKO

33'<

I EJ 2E) JE)

•El SE)

•El 7EJ •El •El !OE)

11~·

12EJ 13EJ 11EJ 15E)

••El 17EJ

(Tp)'f(TYJ)O

t;tlnse<

l';;J 6 ri~HSI

Hoeas:! ~TSUl1SI

•I H@Miom•oll Powe•Pomt...

l\OKY""""l · M~r...i1w .

PHc. 3.2. IlpHMep cnamxa npe3eHTaUHH

(!;

CnaH,r\ 16. CnopT H OT)l.hIX. Cnaitr\ 17. Ilo)KeJiattwe a6mypwettTaM .uo BCTpeqw 1 cettni:6pH. Ha pwc. 3.2 noKa3aH rrpHMep cnaH,r\a rrpe3eHTaUHH. OcttOBHhIM .uocTOHHCTBOM MacTepa co3.z:i:attHH rrpe3eHTau11:H PowerPoint qmpMhI Microsoft HBJIHeTCH .n;ocrnrnqHhIH tta6op cpe.n;cTB )l.JIH pa3pa6oTKH cnaH,r\oB ttenp0<peccwottanaMH. O.n;ttaKo )l.JIH rrp0<pecCHOHaJibHOH pa3pa60TKH rrpe3eHTaUHH, oco6eHHO B peKJiaMHOH .ueHTeJibHOCTH, tty)KHhI cuettapHCTbI H .UH3aHHepbI. PaccMOTpHM tteKOTOphie B03MO)KHOCTH PowerPoint 2000.

3.2. TexH011or111J1 pa3pa60TK111

npe3eHTa~111M

e pe,qaKTope

PowerPoint 2000 Ilocne 3arpy3KH PowerPoint H BbI6opa KOMaH)l.bI Co3aamb npe3eHmau,wo H3 Memo <Pail.A OTKpbIBaeTCH HaqaJibHOe .UHaJIOroBoe OKHO, co.uep)Kamee TpH BKJia.ZJ:KH, T.e. TpH MeTo.ua co3.z:i:attHH npe3ettTaUHH: 06~ue, Ilpe3eHmau,uu, llla6AoHbl o</JopM!leHWl (pHc. 3.3). Ilp11 BbI6ope BKJia,UKH 06~ue IIOJlb30BaTeJIIO npe,UOCTaBJUieTCH ,UBa crroco6a co3.n;aHHH rrpe3ettTauw11: HoBOJl npe3eHmau,wz 11 Macmep aB-

mocoaepJK:aHwz. Crroco6 HoBOJl npe3eHmau,wz rrpe.n;rronaraeT, qTo

pa3pa6o~HK rrpo.UYMaJI cuettapw:H, T. e. orrpe.ue11HJI cocTaB, rroc11e.uoBaTeJihHOCTh cna:H-

Y~.

~Coi:tep>Ka..,

rflA9A5路. jfm Microso...

Pttc. 3.3. Haqa.nhHoe .n:HanoroBoe OKHO MacTepa co3,n:aHH5! npe3eHTaUHH

PHc. 3.4. OKHo Macrepa co:maurui: cna:H.na

---/

? x

A.nfl ~MCTep lll!lTOCOA~

1'1>8AMl"l8T saMblC&n H CTJ>YICTYPY 6y4yuu1ti

a c a

.. rnABA 5

I~ Mocrow.•

PHc. 3.5. OKHo Ha':lanbuoro .D.Hanora

.uoB H .UHJaliHepcKHe CTHJIH Ka.)J{,l];oro HJ HHX. B 3TOM c.rryqae 11onh30BaTemo 11pe.n:.rraraeTcR 11ocne.uoBaTeJibHO pa3pa6oTaTb Ka.)J{,l];bIH cnaH.u.

lb PHC. 3.4 BH,llHO, 'l:[TQ .llIDI o<t>opMJieHIDI Ka.)J{,l];OfO cnaH.ua pa3pa6o'f'IIHK MOJKeT BbI6paTb aBTOMaKeT, COOTBeTCTB)'IOIIJ;HH paHee pa3pa60TaHHOMY cu;eHapmo. EcnH xe cpe.u11 HMe10m;11xcR aBTOMaKeTOB He Hali.ueTCR HYJKHOfO BapHaHTa, MOJKHO BbI6paTb MaKeT rryCTOfO cnaH.ua H o<t>opMHTb ero 110 CBOeM}' CTHJIIO. C11oco6 Macmep aemocoiJepJ1CaHUR 11pe.u11onaraeT pa3pa6oTI<y 11peJeHTau;1111 llOJib30BaTeJieM Ha OCHOBe 11pe.n:.rroxeHHbIX co.uepxaHIDI H .lJ,H3atiHa. IlpH BbI6ope 3TOfO c11oco6a CHatiana OTKPblBaeTC.sI OKHO Ha1:!aJibHOfO .lJ,HaJIOra C03.lJ,aHIDI 11pe3eHTall;HH (pHC. 3.5), a JaTeM Heo6xo.D.HMO JIHIIIb 11ocne.uoBaTeJibHO BbI6HpaTb .u11anor0Bh1e oKHa BuiJ npe-

3eHmau,uu, CmWlb npe3eHmau,uu, JlapaMempbl npe3eHmau,uu, 3aeepweHue 11 cne.uoBaTb yxaJaHH.sIM Macmepa aemocoiJepJ1CaHUR. IlpH HCllOJib30BaHHH BKJla.lJ,KH Jlpe3eHmau,uu llOJib30BaTemo 11pe.unaraeTCR Ha6op fOTOBblX IIIa6JIOHOB (pHC.

3.6).

HarrpHMep, rrpH Bb16ope xaprucrepa rrpe3e.HTIUJ;HH 063op npoe1Cma OTKIJbIBaeTC.H .lJ,HaJioroooe OKHO co crpyicrypoli THTIOBblX CJiali.D.OB (pHC. 3.7). LJ:anee TeXHOJIOfH.sI C03,llaHH.sI cnaH.ua CBO.llHTCR K CJie.D.)'IOmeMy': • BbI6paTb COOTBeTCTB)'IOIIJ;HH CJiali.u, m;eJIKH)'B MbllllbIO 110 ero HOMepy; • JaMeHHTb TeKCT II1a6JIOHa TeKCTOM pa3pa60'f'IIHKa.

CeeAetflA o6 opratfl:

CooliwaeM Ayptible Hi Te~Cl"Ne-r

m~.""

lfIDMiCJo..11 P...

PHc. 3.6. OKirn c nepeqHeM rna6noHoB npe3eHTaU:Hil:

2 El Ue.1"'1 npoet<Ta • OcHoet-ble U.eJM

f1l09KTa

• CB.R3b C ,a,pyn.M;1 f"p:lBKTato'M

• OCl-llEM>IB C?Jl<l'I 3 El llrH:aHlo'le •OrH.lJ.1Te~,H8

yrorpe6M1! T8XHl'149ct<JJIX

T"""'*'°" • Vicnolb3yATe HSOl5XOAl#'IOS KOIM48CTBO cnai:1A08

An.A

o6::y)l(;A9Hl4.A COCTOa-M.A, KaJleHAapHOrO nnaHa, fKlA)l(;BTa MT.A.

4ElPe~eH3'11o1 • Peu,eH30HTbl • (BCTaBbTe no OAHOMy cnaiir.Ay Ha Ka)l(;ACJrO peu.eH30HTa)

• ACX:TOl.ff:Tea np;::>eKTa (M3

pet.18H3>M)

:mo:::'i' I

IleiP-·

_ _,.

PHc. 3.7. CrpYJCTYPa rrpe3eHTauHH 063op npoeKma

Ilocne co3.aamrn cnafuloB Heo6xo.aHMO npoBeCTH peneTHUHIO npeJeHTaum1 H ycTaHOBHTb BpeMeHHbie HHTepBa.Tlbl HX CMeHbl.

.lVrn 3TOro

paJpa6oTaHHYJO npeJeHTaUIUO peKOMeH)lyeTC.sl npe)lCTaBHTb B pe)l(HMe

CopmupoBw,w' CJlauiJoB, Bb16paB B rryHKTe MeHIO BuiJ coorneTCTBYJOIUYIO KOMaH)ly. IlpH 3TOM Ha 3KpaHe 6y.ayT noKaJaHbl Bee cnafulbI rrpe3eHTaUHH (pHC. 3.8) .

.lVrn ycTaHOBKH HHTepBa.TIOB IlOKaJa cnaH.aoB He06XO)lHMO BbIIlOJI-

HHTb CJieJlYIOrn;He .aeii:CTBIDI: ~ Bhl)leJIHTb O)lHH HJIH HeCKOJibKO cnafuloB;

~ Bb16paTb KOMaHJlY

CMeHa C/lQU006,

rn;eJIKHYB MblIIIbIO no KHOIIKe

[ CopTHpOBIUHK cnafuloB] Ha naHeJIH HHCTPYMeHTOB.

B pe3yJibTare 3THX .aeii:CTBH:H rroHBHTCH JlHa.TIOroBoe OKHO CMeHa CJ1auiJ06 (pHC. 3.9), B KOTOPOM CJie.ayeT Ja)laTb BCe YCJIOBIDI CMeHbl Ka)lpOB: • 3<jJ<jJeKm - Ha6op 3<l><l>eKTOB, conpoBO)l{)J;aIOIUHX CMetty Ka)lpoB; • IIpoiJBu:>1eeHue - BpyqHYJO (no rn;e.1I'IKY) HJIH aBTOMaTH':lecKH (npH 3TOM 33,ll;aeTC.sl BpeM.sI CMeHbl Ka)lpOB);

• 36yK -

Ha6op 3BYKOBbIX 3<l><l>eKTOB ll.IDI corrpOBO)l{)J;eHIDI .aeMOH-

CTPaUHH cnaH)loB.

PeneTHIUU1 npelelIT~. CyTu peneTHuHH 3aKJI10qaeTc.s1 B npocMOTpe rrpe3eHTaUHH H pe.aaKTHPOBaHHH OT)leJibHbIX CJiaH)loB (B TOM 'IHCJie H BpeMeHH IIOKa3a Ka)l{)J;Oro H3 HHX) . UHH cne.ayeT BbI6paTb B MeHIO

.lVrn .aeMOHCTPaUHH rrpe3eHTa-

IIoKa3 CJ1auiJ06 KOMaHJly Ha"amb noKa3.

4':)1'1:03

J:]B:03

~0:03

.¢"JB:03

J:j~8:03

4':)N:D3

4'JIA:03

' =:~~'" ..____ _ .' =~:=:~::.:j' --·-----..-------·-

-----~-

4'Jl8:03

--··---···- .•, .

-.-:;=.:::;;.::;;,;.:;:..-.:.. I

HoeM1~3et1TalJ.j.tq

I ~CCJ:lepxa

..,-.,-.- ~c~~ I

J ~rnABAs l~JiiSJ~w-

~..£

~·>J

10:13

Puc. 3.8. IlpuMep rrpe3eHTilQHH B peXHMe CopmupoelJ,(uK CJ1auaoe

'.d

~ 66~

~ ~........~· -··~~~~~~~-~~

~Tbl(OflC.e?ll

°"""""'"" I 0THetta

4'Jl8:03

4"J0:03

I M--·--·-

l'I

_ _ _ _ ,._

"flUI" cv•"' HayKa

I I

Puc. 3.9. OKHo HaCT})OHKH ycnoBHH CMeHbI Ka,apoB

IIocJie rrpocMoTpa peKoMeHJJYeTCH rrpe.ucTaBHTh rrpeJeHTau;1uo B pe:xarne Copmupo6w,wc cAaiioo6 H rrpmnBecrn: tteo6xo.uHMYJO KoppeKTHpomcy CJiaH.uoB, HCIIOJib3YH TeXHOJIOfJilqecKHe rrpHeMbl, H3JIO)KeHHbie pattee. IlpH pe.uaKTHPOBaHHH H B rrpou:ecce C03,UaHHH rrpe3eHTaU:HH MO)KHO BCTaBJIHTb HOBbie CJiaHubl H Y.UaJIHTb HMeIOIU:HeCH. B peJyJihTaTe KpaTKoro JHaKOMCTBa c MacTepoM rrpeJeHTau;w:H PowerPoint HeTpy.UHO JaMeTHTh, qTo rrpaKTwqecKH Bee TeXHoJiorHqecKHe rrpHeMbl C03,UaHHH TeKCTa, rpaqrnKH H HX pe.uaKTHpOBaHHH attanorwqHhI rrptteMaM pa6oThI c TeKCTOBhIM pe.uaKTopoM Word. KOHTpOnbHble eonpOCbl

1. f.ne npwMeIDieTcH MacTep npe3eHTau;wH: PowerPoint? 2. KaKOBhl TeXHoJiorWiecKHe npweMhI 3a,naHID1 cJie.zzyromwx ycJIOBHH CMeHbI c11aH,nos: tta6opa 3<l><l>eKTOB conposo)l{,D;ettID1; pyqttoro HJIH aBTOMaTWieCKOfO npo,nBIDKeHIDI; MHTeJibHOCTH Il0Ka3a; Ha6opa 3BYKOBhlX 3<l><l>eKTOB MH .neMOHCTpau;ww? 3. KaKosa nocJie,nosaTeJibHOCTb .neH:cTBHH npw ,neMOHCTpau;ww npe3eHTauww? 4. KaKOBa nocJie,nosareJibHOCTb ,neHCTBHH, He06XO,nHMhlX il:JIH BCTaBKH CJiaH.na B pa3pa6oTaHHYJO npe3ettrnu;mo? 5. KaKOBO tta3HaqeHHe cnoco6a npe,ncTaBJiemrn npe3eHTau;ww B pe)IGIMe

Copmupoew,wc CAaiiiJoe?

YACTb II

C"1CTEMbl

YnPABJ1EH"1~

5A3AM"1 .QAHHblX (CYS.Q)

rnaea 4 06LUME nPMHUMnbl PA3PA60TKM MHCl>OPMAUMOHHblX CMCTEM

4.1. 5a3bl ,qaHHblX. TepMMHbl M onpe,qeneHMH Ilpmm:MaTb onTHMaJibHhle perneHIDI c nepsoro pa3a, a He YCTPaIDITh pe3yJibTaThl H IlOCJie,llCTBIDI HenpaBHJibHblX TeXHWieCKHX perneHHH -

BOT ,lleBH3 ynpaBJielJlieCKOH ,lleHTeJibHOCTH COBpeMeHHbIX npe,ll-

rrpIDITHH.

CYE,ll -

3TO ycnex B ynpaBJieHHH.

Ilpouecc npHIDITIDI OITTHMaJibHoro perneHIDI B mo6bIX c<l>epax ,lleRTeJibHOCTH CB513aH npe)l{)l;e Bcero c He06XO,llHMOCTbIO rrpe,llBapHTeJibHOro aHaJIH3a 60JibIIIHX 06'beMOB HH<l>OpMaUHH, T. e. c TeM, qTo6bI cttaqaJia HaHTH o6JiaCTb ,llOnyCTHMbIX perneHHH, a 3aTeM B orpaHwqeHHOH o6naCTH BbI6paTb O,llHO e,ri:HHCTBeHHO OIITHMaJibHOe perneHHe. KaK noKaJana rrpaKTHKa, rrpHIDITHe HepauwoHaJihHhIX perneHHH BO MHOfOM orrpe,ri:eAAeTC51 OTCYTCTBHeM y cneUHaJIHCTa He06XO,llHMOH MH<l>opMaUHH. na3bl ,ri:aHHbIX H CHCTeMbl ynpaBJieHIDI 6a3aMH ,ri:aHHbIX B 3TOM CJIY•-rae MO)l(}{O paccMaTpHBaTb KaK CTpaTerwqecKHe cpe,ri:CTBa B COBepweHCTBOBaHHH ynpaBJieHIDI rrpOM3BOJJ:CTBOM, TaK KaK 3TH rrporpaMMHbie npO,llyKTbl II03BOAAIOT C03,llaBaTb HH<l>opMaUHOHHbie CHCTeMhl, tteo6XO,llHMbie JJ:JI5I rrpHIDITIDI OIITHMaJibHbIX perneHHH. lfraK, qTo )l(e TaKoe 6a3a ,llaHHbIX 6aJaMH ,llaHHhIX

(CYE,ll)?

(E,ll)

H CHCTeMa ynpaBJieHIDI

K CO)l(aJieHHIO, B 3TOM ttarrpaBJieHHH HH-

<l>opMaUHOHHhIX TexHonorH:H He CYWecrnyeT .llOCTaToqHo qeTKHX onpe,ri:eJieHHH. PaccMOTpHM HeKoTophie HJ HHX.

1. Ea3a aa1t1tblX - UMeH06QHHOJl C060KynHOCmb aaHHblX, ompaJK:alOUJ,OJl cocmoHHue o6oeKmo6 u ux omHoULeHuii 6 paccMampu6aeMoii npeiJMemHoii 061wcmu [9]. CucmeMa ynpa6/leHUH 6a3aMU aaHHblX - C060KynHOCmb fl3blK06blX u npocpaMMHblX cpeacm6, npeOHa3HaiteHHblX a/lfl C03aaHUH, 6eaeHUH U C06MecmH020 ucno11b306aHUH E/l, MH02UMU no11b306amellflMu. 2. Ea3a aaHHblX - :Jmo C060KynHOCmb C6eaeHUU (o pe(lflbHblX o6oeKmax, npou,eccax, co6blmwvc U/lU H6/leHwvc), omHOCHUJ,UXCH K onpeae;zeHHoii 53

meMe WlU 3aoaite, opcaHU306aHHOJl maKuM o6pa3oM, itmo6bt o6ecneitumb yoo6Hoe npeocmaBAeHue 3mou coBoKynHocmu KaK 6 u,eAoM, maK u J1106ou ee itacmu [19). 0cH06Hbte rjJyHKU,UU cucmeMbt ynpa6JleHUR 6a3aMu oaHHbtX- 3mo onpeoeAeHue OOHHblX (onucaHue cmpyKmypbt 6a3bl OOHHbtx}, o6pa6omKa oaHHblX u ynpaBJleHue oaHHbtMU. 06paTHM BHHMaHHe Ha cymeCTBeHHOe OTJIM.'IHe BTOporo orrpe;::i:eJiemrn

E,It

a HMeHHO Ha xapaKTepttcTHKY oco6oll: opramnauttH HH-

ELI,. B HaH60JihIIIeH CTerreHH, no HaIIIeMy MHeHHIO, CymHOCTh IIOIDITHM ELI, H CYE,LI, pacKphITa B TOJIKOBOM cJioBape no Bhl'IHCJIHTeJihHhIM CHCTeMaM [ 16].

<t>opMaUHH B

Ea3a oaH1tblX - 3mo t]JaiiA iJannwx, OAR onpeoeJ1e1tuR u 06paU{e1tuR K KomopoMy ucnoJ1b3y10mCJ1 coomBemcmBy10U{ue cpeocmBa ynpa6J1e1tUR. 3mo 031taitaem, Bo-nep6b1X, itmo 3mom rjJaii.Jl onpeoeJ1e1t nocpeocmBoM cxeMbl, ne 3a6UCRU{eu om npo2paMM, Komopbte K HeMy 06paU{a10mcR, u, 60BmopblX, itmo on pea.J1U30Ban B BuiJe 3an0Muna10111,ezo ycmpoiicmBa c npaMblM iJocmynoM.

B 3TOM

orrpe;::i:eneHHH rro.rryxHpHhIM IIIPH<l>ToM BhI;::i:eJieHo rrpHHUH-

IIHaJihHoe OTJIM.'IHe IIOIDITIDI <t>all:Jia 6a3bl ;::i:aHHhIX OT JII06oro TeKCTOBOfO <t>all:Jia, a HMeHHO B03M0)1(HOCTh rro.rryqeHIDI HH$opMaUHH (;::i:aHHbIX) 0 KOHKpeTHOM o6'beKTe (KOHKpeTHOM 3aIIHCH) H3 3TOro <t>all:Jia. TaKHM o6pa3oM, yqHThIBaH npttBe;::i:eHHhie onpe;::i:eJieHHH, MO)l(HO

6a3a iJaHHblX - 3mo t]Jaii.tl, opzaHU306QHHblU KQK t]Jaii.tl c npRMblM iJocmynoM. * CucmeMa ynpaeAeHUR 6a3ou oa1tHbtX - 3mo cucmeMa npo2paMM1tow 06ecneite1tUR, UMe10U{OJ1 cpeocmea o6pa6omKu Ha R3btKe 6a3bt oaHHbtx, n0360J1R10U{aR o6pa6ambt6amb 06paU{e1tuR K 6a3e oa1t1tbtX, Komopbte nocmyna10m om npuKJlaOHbtx npoipaMM u (UAu) Ko1teit1tbtx noAb30BameAeu, u noooep;JJCU6amb u,eJlOCmHOCmb 6a3bl OOHHblX. CKa3aTh, qTO

Pa3JIHqa10T TpH KJiacca

CYE,LI,,

06ecneq1rna10111nx pa6oTY ttepap-

XM.'IeCKHX, ceTeBbIX 11 peJIHUHOHHhIX CHCTeM 6a3 ;::i:aHHhIX.

HaCT05II11ee BpeMH )J;JI5I pa3pa60TKH HH$OpMaUHOHHhIX Cl1CTeM

npe;::i:npIDITHM 11 ¢>11pM Hatt60JihIIIee pacnpocTpaHeHHe no.rryqHJIH

JIJlU,UOHHbte 6a3bt oa1tHbtx.

ELI,

pe-

A.rrropHTMhI o6pa6oTKH HH$opMau11H B TaKHX

OCHOBaHbl Ha 3JieMeHTax peAAUHOHHOM anre6pbl. no CBoe:H CYTl1

peAAUHOHHaH

ELI, -

3TO HH$opMaUHH (;::i:aHHhie) 06 o6'beKTax, rrpe;::i:-

CTaBJieHHaH B BH,JJ;e ;::i:ByMepHhIX MaCCHBOB B o;::i:HOM ¢>all:Jie

ELI,

Ta6JIHU. qHCJIO Ta6JIHU

3aBHCHT, Bo-nepBhIX, OT 3a;::i:aq, peIIIaeMhIX HH-

¢>opMaUHOHHOM CHCTeMOM, H, BO-BTOphIX, OT Heo6XO)J;l1MOCTH OIITHMaJihHOfO pa3;::i:eJieHl151 HH$OpMau1111 Ha OT,JJ;eJibHbie, CB513aHHbie Me)K-

;::i:y co6o:H Ta6JIHUhI. KpttTepIDIMH onTHMaJihHOCTH peAAUHOHHOM

* IloIDinie <t>awrn rrpiIMoro .LJ:Ocryrra H

ELI,

rrpHHl\HIIhI ero opraHtt3au;uu H3BeCTHhI H3

TeOpHH rrporpaMMHPOBaHHJI MHOfOMepHbIX MaCCHBOB, B TOM qucJie Ha anropHTMHqecKHX JI3bIKax Basic H IlacKaJib.

HBm110Tc5I q11cJio rnaroB rro11cKa 11mpopMau;1111 11 o6neM rraMHTl1, tteo6xo,n:HMhIH ,[(JI51 pa3MeILI;eHH51 ,n:aHHhIX. lfraK, peJI51l.(110HHa51 6a3a ,n:aHHhIX rrpe,n:cTaBJI51eT co6oii HeKOTOpoe MHO)l(eCTBO Ta6JIHU:, CB513aHHhIX Me)l(.[(y co6oii orrpe,n:eJieHHhIMH OTHOIIIeHH51Mlf. 0,n:HaKO 6a3a ,n:aHHhIX MO)l(eT COCT051Th If lf3 0,[(HOH Ta6Jil1LI;hI.

,[(Jul

C03,[(aHH51 aBTOMaTl1311pOBaHHOH 11HcJ:>opMaLI;HOHHOH CHCTeMhI,

rrpe,n:Ha3ttaqeHHOH .[(JI5I rrpe.n:ocTaBJieHH51 rroJih30BaTemo orrpe,n:eJieHHhIX ,n:aHHhIX H3 Ta6JIHU:

B.Z:t

Heo6xo,n:11MhI rrporpaMMhI, 06ecrreqHBa10Iu;He:

• IIOHCK HttcJ:>opMaI.J;lfl1 B Ta6JI11u;ax; • Bhrno.n: HHcJ:>opMaU:HH B TPe6yeMOM Blf.[(e; • y,n:o6HhIH ,[(lfaJIOfOBhlH pe)l(lfM pa60ThI. TaKHM o6pa3oM, pa3pa6oTaB Ta6JIHU:hI

B,[( H cooTBeTCTBYJOILI;He

rrporpaMMhl, Mhl rronyqHM HHcJ:>opMaLI;HOHHYJO CHCTeMY yrrpaBJieHH51 peAAU:HOHHhIMH 6a3aMH ,n:aHHhIX HJIH peAAU:HOHHYJO

CYB,[(.

4.2. 06aop nporpaMMHblX CMCTeM All.A paapa60TKM pen~n."MOHHblX CY6A Bee 513hIKH MaHHIIYJIMpoBaHH51 ,n:aHHhIMH

(HM,[() -

513hIKH 3arr-

pocoB, C03,[(aHHhie ,[(0 II051BJieHH51 peJI51LI;HOHHhIX 6a3 ,n:aHHhIX If pa3pa6oTaHHbie .[(JI5I MHOrHx

CYB,[(,

6hIJIH opHeHTHpoBaHhI Ha orrepa-

u;1111 c ,n:aHHhIMl1, rrpe,n:cTaBJieHHhIMl1 B Blf,[(e HepapxHqecKH CB513aHHhIX cJ:>aiiJIOB, If HMeJIH COOTBeTCTBYJOILI;He aJifOp11TMhl IIOl1CKa l1HcJ:>opMau;1111. Ilo51BJieHHe peJI51LI;HOHHhIX 6a3 ,n:aHHhIX orrpe,n:eJIHJIO rrpe,n:rrOChIJIKH ,[(JI51 C03,[(aHH51.[(pyr11x, 6oJiee 6bICTPhIX aJiropHTMOB IIOHCKa HHcJ:>opMaU11lf. PaccMOTPHM rrpHHU:HIIl1aJihHhie OTJI11qlf5J Me)l(.[(y HepapXM:qecKoii l1 peJI51IJ;HOHHOH opraH113aIJ;lf51Ml111Hcl>OpMaIJ;HOHHOH Cl1CTeMhI Ha rrpHMepe rroqTOBOH CB513lf. B cooTBeTCTB1111 c 11epap~ecKoii opraHH3au;weii HHcJ:>opMau;HoHHOH cHcTeMhI (pHc.

4.1)

.[(JI5I Toro qT06hI Y3HaTh, r.n:e rrpo)l(lfBaeT lfBa-

HOB 11.11., Heo6XO,[(HMO YKa3aTb a;::i:peca BCex Bepllil1H IIOl1CKOBOfO rpacJ:>a. ArrropHTM TaKOfO IIOHCKa MO)l(HO OIIHCaTb CJie,[(YJOILI;HMH .n:eiiCTBH51Ml1 (o6o3HaqeHo rryHKT11ptthIM11 CTPeJIKaM11):

~ ttaiiTH TPe6yeMoe 3HaqeHHe rroJI51 <1>110; ~ HaHTH If 3aIIOMHHTh HOMep KBapTl1ph1;

~ HaMTl1 11 3aIIOMHHTh HOMep ,[(OMa;

~ HaHTH 11 3aIIOMHHTh HOMep (Ha11MeHOBaHHe) YJI11U:hI; ~ HaHTH If 3aIIOMHHTh HOMep (HaHMeHOBaHHe) ropo.n:a (eCJIH ClfCTeMa pa3pa6oTaHa ,[(JI5I KOHKpeTHOfO ropo,n:a, 3TOT IIyttKT MO)l(HO HCKJIIOq11Tb); ~ BbIBeCTH pe3yJihTaT IIOHCKa. TaKHM o6pa3oM, .[(JI5I Haxo)l(,[(eHH51 a;::i:peca B ,n:aHttoii 11epapX11qecKOH cxeMe Heo6xo,n:HMO BhIIIOJIHHTh II51Th rnaroB.

.[(OM

CH.llopoB

c. c.

1.1.2

HBllHOB H.H. I I

-----------------------------~

PHc. 4.1. HepapXWiecKasi: oprairn3amrn HH¢>opMaUHOHHo:ii CHCTeMhl ropo)la 1

PacCMOTJ)MM aJifOPMTM IIOMCKa a)lpeca ,ll)UI attanorwrno:H CMCTeMbl, CTJ>YKTYPMPOBaHHOM B B:u.n;e Ta6JIMU:bl - pemi:u;MOHHOM cxeMbl opraHM3aU:MM CMCTeMbl (p:uc. 4.2). AnropMTM IIOMCKa a)lpeca B TaKOM CMCTeMe orrpe,n;emi:eTCH cne,n;yioIIJ;MMH rnaraM:u: ~ HaMTM HOMep CTJ)OKM, ,ll)UI KOTOpo:H 3HaqeH:ue IIOJUI Cl>MO paBHO 3a)laHHOMY (MBaHOB M.M.); ~ BbIBeCTM 3HaqeHMH rrone:H B CTOJI6u;ax 1 ... 3 CTJ)OKM 2. TaKMM o6pa3oM, JIY)KHOe q:ucno rnaroB rro:ucKa a,n;peca rrp:u pemi:U:MOHHOM opraHM3aU:MM :umpopMaU:MOHHOM CMCTeMbl OKa3aJIOCb rrpaKT:uqecKM B TJ)M pa3a MeHbrne, qeM B :uepapx:uqecKo:H.

HoMep crpoKH

HoMep .H Ha1rneHoaaH.He cron6ua

HoMep yJIMUhI

HoMep.n;oMa

HoMep KBaprnphI

<1>110

CH)lopoB C.C.

11BaHOB 11.11.

Pwc. 4.2. Ta6Jiwrnasi: (pemn.(HOHHasI) cxeMa opraHH3aU:HH .HH¢>opMaU:HOHHOH CHCTeMbI ropo)la 1

Ta6nw1.1;a 4.1

XapatcrepHCTHKH nporpaMMHLIX CHCTeM (CYB)];) CHcreMa

XapaKrepHCTHKli

Access

.[LJul rrpHMeHemm pa3ITH'!HhlMH CIIeIIHaJIHCTilMH (He rrporpaMMHCTilMH) rrpH pa3pa60TKe HH<!>opMaIIHOHHbIX CHCTeM B rrpe,11;enax rrpe,11;rrpmrnui:

SQL-Server

.[LJul rrpo<t>eccwoHaJibHbIX rrporpaMMHcroB; o6ecrrequBaeT B03MOlKHOCTb BbICOKOH crerreHH 3aIIIHTbl ,ll;aHHblX

Visual Basic

.[LJul rrporpaMMHCTOB; o6ecrretJHBaeT B03MO)l(HOCTb pa3pa60TKH HeCJIO)({Hb!X HH<!>OPMaIIHOHHblX CHCTeM H C03,ll;aHHe rrporpaMM wrn aBIOMaTH3aIIHH pa60Tbl c KOMIIOHeHTaMH Access

Visual C FoxPro

.[LJul rrpo<l>eccHOHaJibHblX rrporpaMMHCTOB; HMeeT HeorpattHqeHHble B03MOlKHOCTH .[LJul rrporpaMMHCTOB; o6ecrretJHBaeT C03,ll;aHHe HH<l>oPMaIIHOHHblX CHCTeM B rrpe,11;enax 0,ll;HOfO rrpe,nrrpIDITIDI; ,ll;aHHble He 3aJ.llHIUCHhl

~ o6pa60TIGI HH<l>opMaUHH, CTpYJCTYPHPOBaHHOH B BH,D;e Ta6JIHU, - ,n;ByxMepHhIX MaccMBOB B KOHUe 70-x rr. XX B. <l>MpMo:H IBM 6bm pa3pa60TaH COOTBeTCTBYJOW:MH H3bIK, KOTOpbIH B ,ll;aJibHe:HrneM rro.rryqIDI Ha3BaHMe SQL. 5:13hIK SQL HBJrneTCH MPOM Bcex rrporpaMMHhIX rrpo,n;)'KToB wrn pa3pa6oTKH CYELI;. Ha6onhrnee pacrrpocTpaHeHMe cpe.n;M rroJih30BaTene:H M pa3pa6oT'-IMKOB CYELI; rro.rryqIDIM cne,n;yro:w;Me rrporpaMMHhie rrpo,n)'KThI: • crreuManhHhie H3hIKM rrporpaMMMpoBaHMH dBASE, Clipper, Paradox, FoxPro M ,n;p.; • rrpMKJIMHhie rrporpaMMHhie cMcTeMhI Clarion, Oracle, Delphi, Microsoft Access M ,n;p. B rn6n. 4.1 rrpMBe,n;eHhI HeKoTopble xapaKTepMCTMKH rrporpaMMHhIX cMCTeM wrn pa3pa6oTKH CYELI;.

4.3.

3neMeHTbl pen.RL-'MOHHOM

CY6.Q

KOMilbIOTepHaH MH<l>OpMaUMOHHaH CMCTeMa, rrpe.n;cTaBJIHIOW:aH co6o:H peJIBUMOHHYJO CYELI;, ,n;oJDKHa co,n;ep)!(aTh cne,n;yro:w;Me ocHoBHhie 3JieMeHTbI: Ta6JIMUhI, 3arrpOChl, <t>opMbI, OT<IeTbl. Ta6.J11HU>1. Ta6JIMUhl 6a3hI ,n;aHHhIX Moryr MMeTh pa3JIMqHoe Ha3Ha'-lettMe. HarrpMMep: Ta6JIMUhI rrocTOHHtto:H MH<l>opMaUMM M ,n;MHaMMqecKHe Ta6JIMUhI. Ta6J1uu,w nocmoannoii untjJopMaquu (ycnoBHO rrocTOHHHo:H) ,n;oJI)!(HhI co,n;ep)!(aTb ,n;aHHbie, He MeHHIOW:MeCH B TeqeHHe ,n;JIMTeJibHOro Bpe-

MeHH. HanpttMep, cn11cKH COTPYJ1:HHKOB opratttt3au;tttt, tta3Bamrn Texttonor11qecKHX onepau;nu H T. n.

Tafi11uu,w nepeMennoii umjJopMau,uu (iJunaMu'lecKue mafi11uu,b1) 3TO Ta6JIHU:hI, HH<pOpMaU:IDI 06 o6'beKTax B KOTOPhIX IIOCT05IHHO ,n:oIIOJIH5IeTC5I HJIH H3MeHHeTC5I IIOJib30BaTeJieM. Ta6JIHU:hI 6a3bI ,n:aHHhIX (pHC. 3a1rnce:U -

II o JI e

C'TpOK H 5J:qeeK -

4.3)

COCT05IT H3 rrone:U -

CTOJI6U:OB,

nepeceqeHHH CTOJI6IJ;OB H CTIJOK.

co,n:ep:xau 3HaqeHIDI o,n:ttoro H3 npH3HaKOB, xapaKTeptt3y-

IOIUHX 06'heKThI

B,r:i:. qHCJIO TIOJie:U B Ta6JIHu;e COOTBeTCTByeT qwcny npHB,r:i:.

3HaKOB, xapaKTepH3YJOIUHX o6'heKThI

3 arr H c

co,n:ep)l(HT 3HaqeHIDI Bcex rrptt3HaKoB, xapaKTepH3YJO-

IUHX O,n:HH o6'beKT. qHCJIO 3anttcei:f: COOTBeTCTByeT qwcny o6'beKTOB, ,n:aHHbie 0 KOTOpbIX co,n:ep)l(aTCH B Ta6JIHIJ;e.

51 q

ii Ka

co,n:ep)l(HT 3HaqeHHe COOTBeTCTBYJOmero rrpH3HaKa O)J,-

HOfO (KOHKPeTHOro) 06'beKTa.

B.ll:

Ilone Ta6JIHU:hI

xapaKTeptt3yeTCH MHO)l(eCTBOM napaMeTIJOB,

cpe,n:H KOTOpbIX o65I3aTeJibHhIMH HBJI5IIOTC5I HMH TIOJI5I, no,n:IIHCb TIOJI5I, KOJittqeCTBO CHMBOJIOB, THTI J1:aHHbIX.

HMR no.llR -

Ha6op CHMBOJIOB, no KOTOpbIM rrpottcxo,n:HT IIOHCK

cTon6u;a Ta6JIHU:hI.

B HeKOTOphrx rrporpaMMHhIX cttcTeMax cymeCTBYJOT

orpaHttqeHIDI Ha o603HaqeHHe HMeH IIOJieH no qwcny CHMBOJIOB HJIH THny IIIpmjJTa (HarrpHMep, TOJibKO aHfJIHHCKHH).

Jloonucb nofla -

ttaJBaHHe rrptt3HaKa, KOTopoe 6y,n:eT Jarrwcatto

B 3arOJIOBOK COOTBeTCTBYJOmero CTOJI6u;a Ta6JIHU:hI. Ha TIO)J,IIHCb TIOJI5I He cymecTByeT KaKHX-JIH60 orpattwqeHHH, o,n:HaKo npH ee COCTaBJieHHH CJie,n:yeT yqHTbIBaTh npe,n:rronaraeMYJO IIIHPHHY CTOJI6u;a B Ta6JI11u;e.

Ko!lu.,,,,ecm6o CUM60fl06 -

xapaKTeptt3yeT IIIHPHHY cTon6u:a Ta6JIHU:hI

M orrpe,n:eJI5IeTC5I THIIOM ,n:aHHbIX.

Tun iJaHHbtX -

ycTattoBJieHHhre rrpaBHJia onwcaHIDI CBOHCTB (xa-

paKTepttcTHK) o6neKToB.

B CYB.ll: rrpHH5IThI cne,n:yroru;He octtOBHhre THTihI

,n:aHHhIX (H COOTBeTCTBeHHO THIIhI rrone:U): • CHMBOJibHbie (TeKCTOBbie), co,n:ep)l(amtte )J,O

255

CHMBOJIOB;

• qwcJIOBhre;

I Mo.ueJib cramca

I KJiacc

----

TO'IHOCTII

Ilomi: (CTOJI6U:bl)

Dmax B MM

Lm,,,_BMM

fa6apHTHhre pa3Mepbl B MM

I Macca B Kr

T-60

1060 x 800 x 1200

1200

CT-125

125

250

1550 x 790 x 1150

1800

3anMCM (cTpoKM)

JlqeJ1Ka

P11c. 4.3. Ta6JIMU:a 6a3hI )J;aHHhIX MeTaJIJiope)KylllJIX cTaHKOB

qHCJIO VIMH ITO.JUI

Ilo;:i:IT11cb ITO.JUI

Tm1;:i:aHHbIX

ToqHocTu

CHMBOJIOB

MoACnrn

Mo,nenh CTilHKa

TeKCTOBhrn

KJiaccCTilH

Knacc T()qHOCTH CTilHKa TeKCTOBhIM

Dmax

MaKCHMaJihHhIM ):(HaMe'lp ,neTilJIH (MM)

qHCJIOBOM

Lmax

Hatt6onhIIIasi: ):(JIHHa o6pa60TKH (MM)

qHCJIOBOH

fa6CTilH

fa6apHTHhie pa3MephI CTilHKa (MM)

TeKCTOBhlli:

MacCTitH

Macca (Kr)

qHCJIOBOH

Pttc. 4.4. <l>parMeHT onttcaHIDI QJHJwqecKoM: Mo,nentt ).l,aHHhIX • ,D;aTa IDIH BpeMR; • ,D;eHe:xrnb1e ( o6o3Haqemrn ,D;eHe:xrnhlX e,D;HHH11); • norlfqecKHe (,I(a/HeT); • TeKCTOBble rrpHMeqa.HIDI (MeMo), KOTOpbie MOryr CO,D;epxaTh TeKCT o6'beMOM HeCKOJibKO ,D;eCHTKOB TblCj{q 3HaKoB; • o6neKThl OLE (Object Linking and Embedding), T. e. o6'beKTbI, pa3pa6oTaHHbie ,D;pyrHMH rrpIDioxeHHHMH Windows. Pa3MepbI rroAA TaKoro o6'beKTa MOryT ,Il;OCTHfaTb COTHH M6aitT. ITpoeKTHPYH Ta6nm.1,y B,IJ;, tteo6xo,D;HMO cttaqana orrHcaTb xapaKTepMCTHKH Bcex IIOJieit, T. e. pa3pa60TaTb <l>H31fqeCKYJO MO,D;eJib )J;aHHbIX.

<!JU3U'leC1CllR MoaeAb aaHHblX npeacmaBARem C060U MHOJICeCmBO XapaKmepucmUK, onpeaeJ1J1.10w,ux cBoucmBa KaJ1Cao20 noAR. 0TMeTHM CJie,DyIOI1.I,He oco6eHHOCTH OIIHCaHHH <l>H3JiqeCKOH MO)J;eJIM )J;aHHbIX (pHC.

4.4):

qJiCJIO CHMBOJIOB YKa3bIBaeTCH AAA TeKCTOBbIX IIOJie:H, qTO CBH3aHO c He06XO)J;JfMOCTbIO 3KOHOMHH rraMRTH KOMIIbIOTepa; ToqHOCTb 3a)J;aeTCH AAA qJiCJIOBbIX rroneit H BbipaxaeTCH qJiCJIOM 3HaKOB IIOCJie 3aIIHTOH.

3anpochl

li,I(. 3arrpOCbI rrpe)J;cTaBJTHIOT co6oit tta6op KOMaHA, rrpeA-

Ha3HaqeHHbIX MH IIOHCKa H o6pa60TKH HH<l>opMaI.I,HH B Ta6JIHI.I,ax ITO 3MaHHbIM rroJib30BaTeJieM ycnoBHHM (3HaqeHHHM rroneit). CoBpeMeHHbie CYB,IJ; rroJBOAAIOT <PopMHpoBaTb cne,DyI011.1,He BMbI JarrpocoB: Ha Bb16opKY, o6HoBJieHHe, A06aBJieHHe, YAaJieHHe, coJ)J;aHHe Ta6JIHI.I,. 3 a II p 0 c

Bbl 6 0 p Ky rrpe)J;Ha3HaqeH MH IIOHCKa (BbI6opa)

HH<l>opMaI.I,HH B KOHKpeTHOH Ta6JIHI.I,e (Ta6JIHI.I,ax) 6a3bl )J;aHHbIX (HarrpHMep, IIOHCK MO)J;eJieit CTaHKOB KJiacca AB Ta6JI. PHC. 3 a II p 0 c

4.3).

0 6 H 0 B JI e H H e rrpe)J;Ha3HaqeH AAA aBTOMaTlfqeC-

KOro o6HOBJieHHH )J;aHHbIX B OT)J;eJibHbIX j{qettKax Ta6JIHI.I,bl (HarrpHMep, ecJIH rrpH MOJJ:epHH3aI.I,HH CTaHKa CT-125 Ha pHc.

4.3

6y)J;eT M3MeHeH

KaKOH-JIH6o rrapaMeTp, MO:xrno C03)1;aTb 3arrpoc, KOTOpbIH aBTOMaTH-

PHc.

Ta6Jrnua

<l>opMa

3arrpoc

<l>opMa

4.5.

CxeMa CBH3eH Me)!{)zy KOMIIOHeHTaMH CYE,IJ;

qecKH HafuleT B 6a.3e ,llaHHblX COOTBeTCTBYJOIIzyIO 3aITHCb H H3MeHHT KOHKpeTHoe 3Haqemrn napaMe'lpa B coomeTCmyiorn;eii H<IeiiKe).

3 arrp o

.u o 6 aBJI e HH e

HJIH

y .u a JI e H He rrpe,UHa.3Ha-

qeH COOTBeTCTBeHHO AID! aBTOMaTffqeCKOro .uo6aBJieHIDI 3aITHCeif: B Ta6JIHllbl (E,Z:O HJIH HX y.uaJiemrn. 3 a II p 0 c H a c 0 3 .ll a H He rrpe,UHa.3HaqeH AID! C03,D;aHIDI HOBblX Ta6JIHU Ha OCHOBe yxe HMeIOIIJ;HXCR B

E,ll;.

IlpH 3TOM aBTOMaTffqeCKH

$opMHpyeTCR C'lpYKTYPa HOBOH Ta6JIHllbl.

Cl>opMY.

<l>opMbl rrpH pa.3pa6oTKe HH$OPMauHOHHbIX CHCTeM rrpe.u-

Ha.3HaqeHbl .llJIH opraHH3aUHH .upyxecmeHHoro HHTep$e:Uca Me)l{)zy IIOJib30BaTeJieM H KOMIIbIOTepoM. Ilo CBOeMY Ha.3HaqeHHIO pa3JIJlqaIOT $opMbI: • ,llJIH BBO,lla ,UaHHbIX B Ta6JIHUbl; • ,llJIH BBO,lla YCJIOBHH BblIIOJIHeHIDI 3arrpocoB; • ,llJIH aBTOMaTJlqeCKOfO yrrpaBJiemrn pa6oTOH CHCTeMbl (KHorroq-

Hble q,opMbl, $opMbI-MeHIO H .up.).

Or-ieTLI.

O~eTbl -

3TO $opMbl BbIBO,lla pe3yJibTaTOB o6pa60TKH

HH$OpMaUHH B y.uo6HOM ,llJIH IIOJib30BaTeJIB BH,lle. KaK rrpaBHJIO, OTqeTbl COOTBeTCTBYJOT $opMaM o~eTHOCTH, rrpHHHTbIM Ha rrpe.urrpIDITHH, HarrpHMep $opMbl, rrpHHHTbie AID! 6yxraJITepcKOH o~eTHOCTH HJIH TeXHOJiorn:qecKOH .llOKYMeHTaUHH.

~eTbl pa.3pa6aTuIBa10TCR Ha OCHOBe HH$OpMaUHH, co.uepxarn;eif:cR E,U HJIH $opMHpyiorn;eif:cR B pe3yJihTaTe BbIIIOJIHeHIDI 3arr-

B rn6n11uax

pocoB. IlpH pa3pa60TKe

CYE,ll; ee 3JieMeHTu1MO:ryr6b1Th CBR3aHbI Me)l(.lly 4.5.

co6o:U B COOTBeTCTBHH co cxeMOH, rrpe,UCTaBJieHHOH Ha pHC.

4.4.

~H<l>opMa4MOHHble MO,qenM ,qaHHblX

IlpHCTyrraR K C03,llaHH10 HH$opMaUHOHHOH CHCTeMbl, pa3pa60Tq11K ,llOJl)l(eH rrpO,UYMaTb TaKYJO opraHH3aUH10 6a.3bl .uaHHbIX, KOTOpaR OTBeqaJia 6bI, KaK MHHHMYM, CJie,llYJOIIJ;HM YCJIOBIDIM: • IIOJIHOe COOTBeTCTBHe 'lpe6oBaHIDIM IIOJib30BaTeJieif:; • o6ecrreqeHHe MHHHMaJibHOro BpeMeHH rronyqeHIDI ,llOCTOBepHOH HH$opMaUHH IIOJib30BaTeJieM;

• IIOTIJe6HOCTb MHHHMaJibHO B03MO)l(HOH rraMHTH Ha )l;HCKOBOM npOCTIJaHCTBe KOMIIbIOTepa. EcTecrneHHO, qTo pernaTb JII06yio 3Maqy (s TOM q.HcJie H HmpopMau;HOHHYJO) MO)l(HO pa3JIJ1qHbIMH crroco6aMH .

.[(ml

ou;eHKH crroco6os opraHH3alI,HH

B.LJ:

pa3pa6aTbIBaIOT HH$op-

Mau;HoHHbie MO,n;eJIH )l;aHHbIX, KOTOpbie rrpe,n;ycMaTIJHBaIOT TPH yposHH 011.HCaHHH CHCTeMbI: KOHlI,errryarrbHbIH, JIOflfqeCKHH H $H3.HqeCKHH.

KonqenmyOJlbHWii ypoBeHb onucanua E/( (Kon14enmyOJ1bHOR MOOe.Ab) npe,n;CTaBJIHeT HH$OpMau;HOHHble o6'beKTbI H HX B3aHMOCB513H 6e3 yica3aH.HH crroco6os OIIHCaHHH H xpaHeHHH .n;aHHblX, T. e. B 3TOM CJIY1Iae 1rn$opMalI,HOHHbIMH o6'beK.TaMH Ha3bIBaIOT 3JieMeHTbl HH$OpMalI,H-

B.LJ:. KaK npasHJio, B.LJ: co,n;epxaTcH cse,n;eHHH 06 o6'heKTax o.n;Horo KJiacca.

OHHOH cHcTeMbI, cse,n;eHHH o KOTopblX xpaHHTcH s B rn6mru;ax

KJI a cc o M HaJhlBaIOT MHoxecrno o6'beK.ToB, xapaK.TepH3YJOID;HXcH omrnaKOBhIM Ha6opoM rrpH3HaKOB • .ll:attHble 06 HH$OpMalI,HOHHblX o6'heK.Tax O,ll;HOfO KJiacca MOryT HaxO,ll;HTbCH B O.n;HOH HJIH HeCKOJibKHX Ta6JIHD;ax. .ll:aHHble 06 HH$opMaD;HOHHblX o6'beKTax pa3Hb1X KJiaCCOB )l;OJDKHbl HaxO,ll;HTbCH B pa3HblX Ta6JIHlI,ax. KoHIJ;errryaJihHblH yposeHh OIIHCaHHH

B.LJ: orrpe,n;eJIHeTCH KOHKPeT-

HblMH 3a)J;aqaMH HH$OpMau;HOHHOH CHCTeMbl. TaK, HarrpHMep, HH$opMalI,HOHHaH CHCTeMa ,lJ)UI OT,ll;eJia KMPOB rrpe,n;npHHTHH B Kaqecrne o6'heK.TOB MO:>KeT co,n;epxaTb pa3JIJ1qHble CBe,n;eHHH 0 CO'fPY.n;HHKax rrpe,n;npHHTHH: • a)J;pec MeCTa :>KHTeJibCTBa; • ,ll;OJDKHOCTb H MeCTO pa60Tbl (HaHMeHOBam1e IIO)l;pa3)l;eJieHHH); • Ta6eJibHbIH HOMep H 3apa60THYJO IIJiaTY H )l;p. Kotteqtto:H 3Maqe:H paJpa6oTKH Kottu;errryarrhHo:H MO)l;eJIH HBJIHeTcH ycTaHOBJieHHe OIITHMaJibHOro COCTaBa Ta6JIHIJ;

B.LJ: H CBH3eH Me:x<;Uy HHMH.

KoHu;err'fYaJihHaH MO)l;eJib, KaK rrpasHJio, He JaBHCHT OT Bb16paHtto:H: rrporpaMMHOH cHcTeMbI ,lJ)UI pearrHJalI,HH

B.LJ:.

Jlozu11ecKuii ypoBenb onucanua /;/( (.11ozu11ecKaa MOOe.11b) JIOflfqeCKHe CBH3H Me:x<;Uy )l;aHHhIMH.

OTIJIDKaeT

B peJIHlI,HOHHhIX B.LJ:, rrpe)l;cTaBJIH-

IOIIJ;HX co6o:H: HeKOTOpoe MHOXeCTBO Ta6JIHlI,, cymeCTBYJOT CJie,n;yioW:He THIIbl CBH3eH Me)l()Jy )l;aHHbIMH: O,ll;HH K O)l;HOMY, O)l;HH KO MHOfHM, MHOrHe KO MHOfHM. CBH3b oauH K oaHoMy 03HaqaeT, qTo O)l;HH 3JieMeHT (HJIH O)l;Ha 3aIIHCb) O)l;HOH Ta6JIHlI,bl CBH3aHbl TOJibKO c O,ll;HHM 3JieMeHTOM (HJIH O)l;HOH 3aJIHCblO) )l;pyro:H: Ta6JIHlI,bl. CBH3b oauH KO MHOi!UM 03HaqaeT, qTo O,ll;HH 3JieMeHT (HJIH O)l;Ha

3aIIHCb) O)l;HOH Ta6JIHIJ,bl CBH3aHhl co MHOfHMH 3JieMeHTaMH (HJI:H MHOfHMH 3aJIHCHMH) )l;pyro:H: Ta6JIHIJ,bl. CB513b MHOi!Ue KO MHOi!UM 03HaqaeT, qTo MHOrHe 3JieMeHTbl (HJIH MHOrHe 3aJIHCH) O)l;HOH Ta6JIHlI,bl CBH3aHbl co MHOfHMH 3JieMeHTaMH (HJIH MHOfHMH 3aJIHCHMH) )l;pyro:H Ta6JIHIJ,bl.

</JU3u11ecKuii ypoBeHb (tjJU3u11ecKaa MoiJe.11b)

peJIHlI,HOHHOH 6a3hI

)l;aHHhlX xapaK.TepH3yeT crroco6b1 o6pa6oTKH, a cJie)l;osareJibHO, H orrH-

camrn CBOMCTB ;.:i:aHHhIX. <l>InMqecKaH Mo;.:i:enh Ta6nmi;hI E.II. npe;.:i:cmBJIHeT co6oM: onMcaHMe CBOMCTB Bcex noneM:. <1>1n~eCKaH MOJ.J:eJib <PopMbl ycTaHaBJIMBaeT xapaKTepMCTMKM Bcex ee 3JieMeHTOB (uBeT <PoHa, pa3Mep paMKM, nm IIIPH<l>Ta M ;.:i:p.). TaKMM o6pa30M, npoeKTHpoBaHMe HH<l>opMaUMOHHhIX cwcTeM Ha OCHOBe peJIHUMOHHbIX 6a3 ;.:i:aHHbIX CBOJ.J:HTCH K cne;.:i:yIOIUHM ;.:i:eM:CTBMHM: • nocTaHOBKa 3a;.:i:aqM Ha pa3pa60TKY CMCTeMbI; • pa3pa60TKa MH<l>opMaUMOHHbIX MOJ.J:eJieM M BbI6op HaH6onee 3<P<PeKTHBHOM Mo;.:i:enw opraHM3aUMH E.II.; • peaJIM3aUMH CMCTeMbl. PaccMOTPMM cneJ.J:YIOIUMM npMMep. IlycTb TPe6yeTCH co3;.:i:aTh MH<PopMaUMOHHYJO CMCTeMY J.J:JIH Be;.:i:eHMH yqem 3aKJI10qeHHbIX ;.:i:oroBOpoB co CTOpOHHHMH opraHM3aIJ;MHMM MeHe)J,)KepaMM no;.:i:pa3;.:i:eneHMM <l>MPMhl, KOTOpaH J.J:OJDKHa TaIOKe no3BOJIMTb PYKOBOJ.J:MTeJIIO opraHM3aUMM oueHMTb 3<P<PeKTHBHOCTb pa60Tbl KIDK,LI.Oro MeHe)J,)Kepa. YqeT ;.:i:eHTeJibHOCTM MeHe)J.)KepoB Be;.:i:eTcH no cneJ.J:YIOIUHM noKa3aTeJIHM: • ct>M.O MeHe)J,)Kepa; • Ha3BaHMe no;.:i:pa3;.:i:eneHMH, B KOTOpOM pa6oTaeT MeHe)J,)Kep; • Ha3BaHMe <l>MPMhI, c KOTopoM: JaKJI10qeH ;.:i:oroBop; • HOMep 3aKJI10qeHHOro c <l>MpMOM ;.:i:oroBopa; • CTOHMOCTb 3aKJI10qeHHOro ;.:i:oroBopa B py6JIHX. IloJIHaH MH<l>opMaUMH 0 pa6oTe MeHe)J,)KepoB <l>MpMbl MOXeT 6bITb npe;.:i:cTaBJieHa B BHJ.J:e Ta6JIMUhI, CTPYKTYPa KOTopoM: noKa3aHa Ha pHC. 4.6. IlycTb B opraHH3aUHH HMeeTCH TPH OT;.:i:ena: «OT;.:i:en C6bITa», «IlpoH3BOJ.J:CTBeHHblM OTJ.J:eJI» M «0T;.:i:en peKJiaMbl», B KOTOpblX COOTBeTCTBeHHO pa6om10T MeHe;.:i::>KepbI liBaHoB 11.11., Cw;.:i:opoB C. C. H IleTpOB II. II. Ha pwc. 4. 7 noKa3aHbI pe3yJihTaTbI pa60ThI MeHe)J.)KepoB Ja HeKoToPhIM nepMo;.:i: BpeMeHH. Ilpe;.:i:noJio)l(MM, qTo KIDK,LI.aH 5{qeMKa 3TOM m6JIHUhI HBJIHeTCH CHMBOJibHOM M co;.:i:ep)l(MT 50 CHMBOJIOB. Tpe6yeMbIM o6'beM naMHTH 6y;.:i:eM oueHHBaTh no qMcny CMMBOJIOB. 11cxoM M3 Ja;.:i:aHHhIX ycnoBHM MH opraHH3aUMH E.II. noTPe6yeTCH o6'beM naMHTH (OII), paBHbIM npOM3Be;.:i:eHHIO qMcJia 51qeeK Ta6JIHUbl (qJI) H qMcJia CHMBOJIOB B KIDK,ll.OM 51qeM:Ke (qC):

on= qJI · qc. <l>HO Mette.u)l(epa

PMc.

4.6.

I10.upa3.uenem1e

<l>HpMa

HoMep .uoroBopa

CTOHMOCTb .uorooopa

Crpyicrypa Ta6JIMU:hI AJUI ou;eHKM pa6oThI MeHe,lOKepoB qmpMhI

<1>110 HoMep CTpOIQI

Mette,10Kepa

Ilo.upa3.UeJieID1e

<l>MpMa

HoMep .uoroBOpa

CTOHMOCTI: .uoroBOpa, ThIC. p.

OpMOH 1

100

Ile'rpcrn TI. TI. Or.uen peKJiaMbI U:emaBp

U:emaBp 1

200

CJ.i.uopoB C.C. TipOM3BO.UCTBeH- TiapTIDI ffi>IH OT.UeJI

TiapTIDI 1

300

Tierpcrn TI. TI. Or.uen peKJiaMbI U:emaBp

U:emaBp 2

150

TierpoBTI.TI. Or.uen peKJiaMbI TpM IGITa

TpM IGITa 1

500

CJ.i.uopoB C. C. TipOM3BO.UCTBeH- <l>opMo3a IHbiii OT.UeJI

<l>opMo3a 1

1300

11BaHOB H.H. Or.uen c6brra

11BaHOB H. H. Or.uen c6brra

OpMOH

Eenbrn Berep Ee.JlblH BeTep 1

1100

Pwc. 4. 7. TipMMep Ta6JIMI.J;bl .!l.illl yqeTa pa6oTbl Mette.uxcepoB

B CBOIO oqepe,n;1> 1UI paBHO rrpoM3Be,n;eHHIO qHc11a CTIJOK (q3) H qHcJia CTOJI6UOB - IIOJie:H qrr Ta6JIHI..(hl:

3a1mce:H

q51 = 7 . 5 = 35. TaKMM o6pa3oM, B paccMOTIJeHHOM npHMepe TPe6yeM1>1:H 06'1>eM naMHTH

on= 35. 50 =1750 CHMBOJIOB. PaccMOTIJHM ,n;pyro:H cnoco6 opraHH3aUMH Ta61rnu B,ll 3arrm.neM HHcpOpMaumo, co,n;epxaIUYIOCH B HCXO,D;HOH Ta6n11ue, B ,n;Be Ta6JIHUhI, CBH3aHH1>1e Me)K)JJ' co6o:H: ,n;aHHhie o MeHe,lJ;)l(epax 11 ,n;aHHhie o pe3ynhTaTax HX ,n;eHTeJihHOCTH (p11c. 4.8). CBm11 Me)K)JJ' 3THMH rn6JJMUaMH ycTaHOBHM no nomo <l>l10 MeHe,lJ;)l(epa. XapaKTep CBH3eH - 0,lJ;HH KO MHOfHM, T.e. o,n;Ha 3anHCh 0,lJ;HOH Ta6JIHUhl MOXeT 6hITh CBH3aHa co MHOfHMH 3an11CHMH ,n;pyro:H Ta6JIHUhl. Tpe6yeMhIH o6'beM naMHTH B 3TOM cnyqae IIOCTIJOeHHH B.I( Ha:H,n;eM no cpopMYJJe

on= OIIl + OI12. 06beM rraMHTH Ta6JIHUhl Ha p11c.

4.8, a

OIIl = 3. 2. 50 = 300 CHMBOJIOB, a o6beM naMHTH rn6JJHUhI Ha pHc.

4.8, 6

OII2 = 4. 7. 50 = 1400 CHMBOJIOB. Tor,n;a 0

II = 300 + 1400 = 1700 CHMBOJIOB.

O'\

""" )1;amu.1e o pe3ym.niTBX ,11.e.RTe.JlhBOCTB Meee,11.lKepos Kon <1>110

)1;aHHwe o Meee,11.lKepax NQ

<1>110 MeHe,ll:lKepa

Ilonpa;meJieHHe

~ IA"

11BaHOB 11.11. 0r.[(eJI c6hITa

IIeTpoB II.II. 0r.[(eJI peKJiaMbI

3 CHJJ:opoB C.C. IIpmnBOJJ:CTBeHHbIH OT.[(eJI

Ilonpa:meJieHHe

<l>HpMll

HoMep ,llOI'OBOpa

CTOHMOCTh TblC.

,llOI'OBOpa,

OrJJ:eJI c6bITa

0pHOH

0pHOH 1

100

OrJJ:eJI peKJiaMbl

l.(eJITaBP

l.(eHTaBP 1

200

[/3

IIpOH3BO.[(CTBeHHbIH OT.[(eJI IIapTIDI

IIapTIDI 1

300

t/2 -2

OrJJ:eJI peKJiaMbl

l.(eJITaBP

l.(eHTaBP 2

150

0r.[(eJI peKJiaMbl

TpH KHTa

TpH Klffil 1

500

IIpOH3BO.[(CTBeHHbIB OT.[(eJI <l>opMooa

<l>opMoJa 1

1300

~' r-.... 3

~ I\

OrJJ:eJI c6brra

Be.JlblH serep BeJibrn serep 1

Pttc. 4.8. )1;aHHhie o Mette.[()Kepax qmpMhl (a) H peJyJihTaTax HX pa60Tbl (6)

1100

Ha 3TOM tte6oJihIIIOM rrpMMepe MhI rroKa3aJIM B03MO)l(l:IOCTh oueHKM 3¢>¢>eKTMBHOCTM pa3HbIX crroco6oB opraHM3au;MM 6a3 JJ.aHHbIX. Heo6XOJJ.MMOCTh pa3pa60TKM M oueHKM pa3JIMqHbIX MH¢>opMaUMOHHbIX M0)1.eJieH B HaCTOHlll,ee BpeMH CTaHOBMTCH o6H3aTeJibHOH rrpM rrpoeKTMposaHMM mo6bIX 6a3 )1.aHHhIX, M oco6eHHO B MHOrOIIOJib30BaTeJibCKMX MH<l>OpMaUMOHHhlX CMCTeMax.

4.5.

npHH~Hnbl H <l>OpMbl OpraHH3a~HH

MHOrononb30BaTenbCKHX HH<l>OpMa~HOHHblX CHCTeM

Ilpmmanw pa3pa60TKH MBOroDO.Jlb30BaTeJILCKBX BHcl»OPMaintOHHhlX CHCTeM. QqeBMJJ.HO, qTo pa3pa6aThIBaeMhle Ha rrpeJJ.ITPHHTIDIX MH<t>opMaL(MOHHhie CMCTeMbl M 6a3bl )1.aHHhlX JJ.OJDKHhl 6b1Tb MHOroITOJib30BaTeJibCKHMM, MHaqe 3aTpaTbl Ha MX pa3pa60TKY MOryT He OKYIlMTbCH. IlpHHIUll1hl pa3pa60TKM MHOroITOJib30BaTeJibCKMX MH<t>opMa:L(MOHHhIX CHCTeM CBOJJ.51TCH K BhIIlOJIHeHllIO )1.Byx o6H3aTeJibHblX YCJIOBHH: CMCTeMHhIH IlOJJ.XOJJ. M CTaH,llapTM3aI..J;HH.

CucmeM11wil noiJxoiJ

K pa3pa6oTKe 03HaqaeT, qro MH¢>opMaUHOH-

HaH CMCTeMa paccMaTpHBaeTCH KaK «60JibIIIaH CHCTeMa»' COCTOHlll,aH M3 HeKOTOporo MHOXeCTBa «B3aMMOCBH3aHHbIX M B3aMMOJJ.eHCTByIOlll,MX MeJIGJY co6oi1 3JieMeHTOB»

(2).

IlpM 3TOM o6H3aTeJihHhl: yqeT MH-

TepeCOB Bcex IlOTeHUMaJibHbIX IIOJib30BaTeJieH CMCTeM M MOJJ.YJibHbIH npMHUMil pa3pa6oTKM M BHeJJ.peHHH.

,11.JIH yqeTa HHTepecoB Bcex IlOTeHUMaJibHbIX l10Jlb30BaTeJiei1

CMCTe-

Mbl Heo6XOJJ.MMO ycTaHOBMTb: • KaKMM crreuMaJIMCTaM M B KaKMX IlOJJ.Pa3JJ.eJieHHHX rrpeJJ.ITPHHTHH Tpe6yeTCH MH¢>opMaUMH 0 KOHKpeTHOM MH<t>opMaUMOHHOM o6'beKTe; • rrpM3HaKM onMcaHMH o6'heKTOB pa3JIMqHbIMM nOJib30BaTeJIHMH; • o61ll,MH COCTaB npM3HaKOB o6'heKTOB 0)1.HOro KJiacca. TaKoii noJJ.XOJJ. K npoeKTMpoBaHMIO YBeJinqMBaeT cpoKM pa3pa60TKM

B)l,,

HO o6ecneqMBaeT 3HaqMTeJihHOe CHll)l(eHMe 3aTpaT Ha pa3pa-

60TKY sceH. MH<l>OpMaUMOHHOH CMCTeMbI B ueJIOM.

,11.JIH 60TKM

noHCHeHml npMBe)J.eM CJieJJ.YIOlll,MH peaJibHbIH npMMep pa3pa-

B)l,

Ha OJI.HOM M3 npeJJ.npHHTMH, rJJ.e nmrnJieHMe coorneTCTByIO-

ll(MX nporpaMM 6hmO no JJ.OCTOMHCTBY oueHeHO COTpYJJ.HMKaMM, M OHM «6pOCMJIMCb» pa3pa6aTbIBaTb He06XOJJ.MMbie

JJ.JIH ce6H 6a3bl )1.aHHbIX.

OJI.HOH M3 OCHOBHbIX 3a)J.aq, CTOHlll,MX nepeJJ. pa60THMKaMM uexoB, 6hm BbI6op MHCTpyMeHTa

JJ.JIH MexaHMqecKOH o6pa60TKM )1.eTaJieH, no3TO-

MY pa3pa60TaJIM uexoByIO

B)l,

no pexymeMY MHCTpYMeHTY, Ha qTQ

COOTBeTCTBeHHO 3aTpaTMJIM BpeMH M cpeJJ.CTBa.

TO xe speMH B KOHCTpYKTOPCKOM OT)J.eJie 3aBOJJ.a cneUHaJIMCTbl,

3aHMMalOlll,MeCH npoeKTMpOBaHMeM pexymero HHCTpYMeHTa, TaKXe co3JJ.aJIM aHanornqHyIO

B)l,.

0JJ.HaKo, KOrJJ.a PYKOBOJJ.CTBO npMHHJIO pe-

weHMe C03)1.aTb COOTBeTCTBeHHO 061ll,e3aBOJJ.CKyIO MH<t>opMaUMOHHyIO

CHCTeMy, OKa3a.JIOCb, qTO O,ll,HH H Te )Ke rrpH3HaKH

pe~IIJ;ero

HHCTpy-

MeHTa pa3Hble crreUHa.JIHCTbl OIIHCblBa.JIH pa3HbIMH crroco6aMH.

11 pa3-

pa6oTaHHbie paHee 6a3bl ,D,aHHbIX rrpHIIIJIOCb IIOJIHOCTblO rrepe,D,eJlbIBaTb, Ha qTo IIOTpe60Ba.JIHCb ,ll,OIIOJIHHTeJlbHOe BpeMH H ,ll,OIIOJIHHTeJlbHbie cpe,D,CTBa. IIpoIIJ;e roBopH, cpe,D,CTBa, 3aTpaqeHHbie Ha pa3pa60TKY HecornacoBaHHbIX Me)l(,ll,y crreu:warrttcTaMH B,It 6bmH rroTepHHbI ,lJ,JlH rrpe,D,rrpMHTMH.

Mo,D,yJibHbIH rrpHHUHII 03HaqaeT, qTo J1106aH cttcTeMa ,ll,OJl)l(Ha pa3pa6aThIBaTbCH B BH,D,e OT,D,eJibHbIX B3aHMOCBH3aHHbIX MO,D,yJie:U (IIO,ll,CHCTeM), KOTOpbie MOryT BHe,D,p.SITbCH B rrpOH3BO,ll,CTBO H OT,D,eJlbHO, T. e. ,ll,O OKOffqaTeJlbHOH pa3pa60TKH Bce:U CHCTeMbl.

CmaniJapmU3au,u pa3pa6omKu

HH<l>opMaUHOHHblX cttcTeM c yqe-

TOM HX MHOfOIIOJlb30BaTeJlbCKOro xapaKTepa BKmoqaeT B ce6.SI CJle,D,ylOIUHe acrreKTbl: HH<t>opMaUHOHHbIH, rrporpaMMHbIH H arrrrapaTHhlH. CrnH,D,aPTH3aUHH HH<l>opMauttoHHoro o6ecrreqeHHH 06ycJ10BJieHa rrpHHUHIIaMH KOMIIbIOTepHOH o6pa6oTKH CHMBOJlbHOH HH<t>opMau1rn, npH KOTOpoH: 06'beKThl 6a3 ,ll,aJIHhlX ,ll,OJDKHhl O,ll,H03HaqHo paCIT03HaBaTbC.SI KOMilbIOTepoM.

3TOT acneKT pa3pa6oTKH BLI: onpe,D,eJll[eT Heo6-

xo,D,HMOCTb qeTKHX npaBHJI H,D,eHTH<l>HKauHH (rpaMMaTwqecKoro HaIIHCaHHH) ecex 1rn<t>opMau1mHHbIX o6'beKTOB. TaK, ycTaHOBHB HaJBaHHe HHCTpYMeHTa ,lJ,JlH MexaHwqecKoit: o6pa6oTKH ,D,eTarrH

moimoii,

Pe3eu, pac-

He,D,onycTHMO HCITOJib30BaTb HHKaKoe ,D,pyroe ero o6o3Haqe-

HHe, T. e. B 3TOM cJiyqae Bblpa)l(eHHe Bblpa)l(eHHIO

Pe3eu, pacmo11,nou

HeH,D,eHTlfqHO

Pacmo11,nou pe3eu,.

Heo6xo,D,HMOCTb cTaH,D,apTH3aUHH rrporpaMMHoro o6ecrreqeHHH oqeBH,D,Ha: rrpH pa3pa60TKe MHOfOIIOJib30BaTeJibCKHX y,D,arreHHbIX ,D,pyr OT ,D,pyra CHCTeM ,D,aHHbie O,ll,HOH H3 HHX ,ll,OJl)l(Hbl o6pa6aTbIBaTbCH rrporpaMMHbIM o6ecrreqeHHeM ,D,pyro:U. CrnH,D,apTH3aU:HH arrrrapaTHoro o6ecrreqeHHH CBH3aHa c Heo6xo,D,HMOCTbIO CHlf)l(eHHH 3aTpaT Ha 3KCIIJIYaTaUHlO KOMIIblOTepHOH TeXHHKH.

OpraHH3a~ MHOl'ODOJib30BaTeJibCKHX HHcl>OpMaD,HOHHblX CHCTCM. KoMrrb10TepHb1e HH<l>opMaUHOHHbie cwcTeMbI coBpeMeHHhIX rrpe,D,npwHTHH pa3pa6aThIBalOTCH c npttMeHeHHeM ceTeBhIX TeXHoJiorw:U. Ilpw

C03,D,aHHH 6a3 ,D,aHHhIX B ceTeBhIX HH<l>OpMaQHOHHhlX CHCTeMax rrpHMeHHlOT ,D,Ba Tttrra (,D,Be apmTeKTYPhI) opraHH3aUHH CYBLI:: <Pait:JI- cepBep H KJIHeHT-cepBep. 06IIJ;HMH npH3HaKaMH opraHH3aQHH 3THX THITOB CYBLI: HBJll[eTCH Ha.Jilfqlfe

c e p Be pa

(KOMIIhlOTepa), Ha KOTOpOM HaXO,ll,.SITCH 6a3hl

(<l>ait:JibI) ,D,aHHhIX, H pa6oqHX CTaHUHH (KOMIIhlOTepoB IIOJib30BaTeJie:U)- KJIHeHTOB.

apXHTeKType <t>aH:JI -

ChmaeTcH <t>aH:JI c

B,n:,

cepBep rro Jarrpocy KJIHeHTa K HeMY rrepe-

a JaTeM Ha KOMIIhIOTepe KJIHeHTa rrpoH3BO,D,HT-

cH Bee rrpoueccb1 o6pa6oTKH HH<l>opMaUHH.

apXHTeKTYPe KJIHeHT -

cepBep Bee npouecchI o6pa6oTKH HH<l>opMaU:HH no Jarrpocy KJIHeHTa BhIIIOJIH.SllOTCH Ha cepBepe, a KJIHeHTY OTCbIJialOTCH TOJibKO pe3yJihTaTbI o6pa60TKH ,D,aHHhIX.

OpH opraHHJaU:HH MHoronoJihJOBaTeJibCKHX ceTeBhIX

CYB.U

npe,Il-

110'-ITHTeJihHO HCnOJib30BaHHe apx1ne:icrypbl KJIHeHT-cepBep, qTo BblTCKaeT HJ CJie,IlyIOll.l,HX <t>aKTOPOB. He,IlOCTaTKH opraHHJaU:HH

B.U

no apmTe:icrype <Pai1JI- cepBep:

l. IlpH nepe,Ilaqe no ceTH <t>ai1JioB

B.U (oco6eHHO c

6oJibIIIBMH o6be-

MaMH HH$OpMaU:HH) c yqeTOM B03MO)l(H0f0 o6pall.l,eHIDI K HHM O,IlllOBpeMeHHO HeCKOJibKHX nOJib30BaTeJieM pe3KO CHIDKaeTCH npOHJBOJUffeJibHOCTb pa60Tbl c CHCTeMOM.

IlpH O,IlHOBpeMeHHOM nepe,Ilaqe no ceTH <t>aMJIOB c 60JiblIIHMH

o6oeMaMH HeCKOJihKHM noJihJOBaTeJIHM YBeJIHqHBaeTCH BepoHTHOCTh HapYIIIeHIDI ,IlOCTOBepHOCTH nepe,IlaBaeMOM HH$OpMaU:HH, T. e. CHIDKaeTCH H3,D;e)l(HOCTb pa60Tbl CHCTeMbl. IlpeHMYIIIeCTBa opraHHJau;HH

B.U

no apmTe:icrype KJIHeHT-cep-

sep:

IlpH nepe,Ilaqe no cen1 TOJihKO peJyJihTaTOB o6pa6oTKH ,IlaHHhIX

no JanpocaM KJIHeHTOB pe3KO CHIDKaeTCH Harpy3Ka Ha ceTb, a CJie,IlOBaTeJihHO, YBeJIWUIBaeTcH BOJMO)l{l:IOCTh no):UQl10qeHID1 K

B.U 6oJihIIIe-

ro qncJia noJib30BaTeJieH, T. e. npOH3BO,IlHTeJihHOCTh pa60Tbl CHCTeMbl B 3TOM cnyqae 3HaqnTeJibHO Bblllle, qeM B apXHTeKTYPe <t>ai1JI- cepBep.

QeHTPaJIH30BaHHOe xpaHeHHe H o6pa60TKa ,IlaHHbIX Ha cepBepe

IlOBhIIIIaIOT H3,D;e)l(HOCTb pa60Tbl CHCTeMbI. Ke

3. PaJpa60TKY cepBepHoi1 qacTH CYB.U MO)l(HO BhlllOJIHHTh Ha HJhISQL HJIH ,IlpyrHx HJhIKax BhICOKoro ypoBHH, 'ITO noBbIIIIaeT Ha)J,e:x<:-

HOCTh H npoHJBO,IlHTeJihHOCTh o6pa6oTKH ,IlaHHhIX. PaJpa60TKY KJIHeHTCKOM qacTH

CYB.U

MO)l(HO BhlllOJIHHTh c npHMeHeHHeM npHKJia,n;HhIX

nporpaMMHhIX npo)J,yKTOB, HanpHMep Visual Basic, Microsoft Access, 'HO 3Ha'!HTeJibHO COKpamaeT BpeMH Ha pa3pa60TKY HH$OpMaU:HOHHOH CHCTeMbl. MeTO,IllfqecKHe npHeMbI pa3pa6oTKH HH$opMaUHOHHhIX cHCTeM Ha OCHOBe 6a3 ,IlaHHbIX H TeXHOJIOfIDI pa60Tbl c HHMH 6y,Ilyr paCCMOTPeHbl ,IlaJiee Ha npHMepe HCnOJihJOBaHIDI

CYB.U

Microsoft Access.

KOHTpOnbHble eonpOCbl

1. )laihe orrpe,UeJieHJfe

IIOIUITHHM «6a3a ,UaHHbIX» H «CHCTeMa ynpaBJieHHH

6a3aMH ,UaHHbIX».

qTo rrpe,UcTaBJIHeT co6oi1: peJIHU:HOHHaH 6a3a ,UaHHhrx? KaKHe xaparcre-

pwcTHKH peJIHU:HOHHbIX 6a3 ,UaHHbIX C,UeJiaJIH HX caMbIMH pacnpocTpaHeHHbIMH ,IlJIH C03,UaHHH HH<pOpMaU:HOHHbIX CHCTeM?

KaKHe rrporpaMMHhie cwcTeMbI rrpHMeIUIIOTCH ,IlJIH co3,UaHHH 6a3 ,UaH-

Hhrx? )laHTe cpaBHHTeJibHbie ou:eHKH 3THM rrporpaMMHbIM CHCTeMaM.

4. Kar<yro poJib HrpaeT cTpyicrypttpoBaHHhIH H3hIK JarrpocoB SQL B

coBpe-

MeHHhIX rrporpaMMHhIX rrpoJJYKTaX ,IlJIH pa3pa60TKH 6a3 ,UaHHhrx?

5. I-fa KaKHX

3JieMeHTOB cocTOHT peJIHU:HOHHaH CYE)l?

KaKHMH napaMeTpaMH xapaKTepH3yeTcH Ta6JIHU:a 6a3hr ,UaHHhrx?

7. 8. 9.

KaKHMH rrapaMeTpaMH xapaKTepH3yeTcH rroJie Ta6JIHUbI 6a3bI ,D;aHHbIX? KaKHe THIIbI ,D;aHHbIX o6pa6aTblBaIOTCH coBpeMeHHbIMH CYE,IJ;? K KaKOMY THrry ,D;aHHblX MO)IQ{O OTHeCTH CJie,!l;yIOmHe xapaKTepHCTHKH

MeTaJIJiope.xcy:mero o6opy,D;oBaHHH:

200 400 ... 3000 2000 x 1500

MaKCHMaJibHblH ,D;HaMeTp o6pa6oTKH, MM ............•......................... qacTOTa BpameHHH IIIIIHH,!l;eJIH, 06/c ................................... ra6apHTHble pa3Mepbl, MM ......................................

1000 x

HaJIHqHe CHCTeMbl qffCJIOBOfO rrporpaMMHOro yrrpaBJieHHH ............. ,D;a

10.

qTO TaKoe HHcPOpMaUHOHHbie MO,D;eJIH ,D;aHHblX H ,!l;JIH qero OHH pa3pa-

6aTbIBaIOTCH?

11.

KaKYIO ueJib rrpecJie,D;yeT co3,D;aHHe KoHuerrryaJibHOH MO,D;eJIH peJIHUH-

OHHOH E)l?

12.

KaKHe THIIbI CBH3ei1: Me:>KJJY rn6JIHUaMH E)l OTpIDKaeT JIO[HqeCKaH MO-

,D;eJib E)l?

13.

qTO TaKoe cPH3ffqeCKaH MO,D;eJib rn6JIIIUbI E)l?

14.

KaKOBbl OCHOBHbie rrpllHUIIIIbl pa3pa60TKH MHOroIIOJib30BaTeJibCKIIX

IIHcPOpMaUIIOHHbIX ClfCTeM?

15.

KaKHe ,D;OCTOIIHCTBa If He,D;ocTaTKH lfMeIOT cl>opMbI opraHI13aUI1H MHO-

rorroJib30BaTeJibCKIIX CYE)l ¢>aHJl-cepBep If KJilfeHT-cepsep?

rnaea 5 CY6,Q MICROSOFT ACCESS

5.1.

Ha3Ha'leHMe M o6naCTb npMMeHeHMH

CYS.Q

Microsoft Access Microsoft Access - 3TO rrporpaMMHruI cpe.ua, pa3pa6oTaHHruI <tmpMOH Microsoft, KOToprui: rrpe,UHa3HaqeHa .llIDI co3.uamrn cu:cTeM ynpaBJiemrn pemIUHOHHblMH 6a3aMH .uaHHblX c .llOCTaToqHo 60JibIIIHMH o6beMaMH HHcpopMauHH (coTHH M6a.Kr). Cu:creMa ynpaBJieHIDI 6a3aMH .uaHHblX Microsoft Access rrpe.uocTaB.IDieT IIOJib30BaTeJIIO BCe He06XO,llHMble cpe,llCTBa .llIDI aBTOMaTH3aU1111 C03,llaHIDI H o6pa60TKH ,llaHHblX, a TaIOKe ynpaBJieHIDI ,UaHHblMH npu: pa6ore. Cu:creMa Microsoft Access 06ecrre11HBaeT pa3pa60Ticy HHcpopMauHOHHblX CHCTeM B pa3JIHqHbIX ccpepax rrpOH3BO,llCTBa H 6H3Heca. 11 XOT.R 11ttor.ua ee Ha3blBaIOT HaCTOJibHOH CYE,n:, oHa o6Jia.uaeT xapaKTepu:cTHKaMH, II03BOIDIIOIIt;HMH rrpu:MeH.RTh ee .llIDI peIIIeHIUI TaKHX CJIO)l(HbIX MHOfOIIOJib30BaTeJibCKHX 3a,llaq, KaK pa3pa6oTKa CHCTeM aBTOMaTl13HpOBaHHOfO rrpoeKTHpOBaHIUI HJIH aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHbIX 3KCIIepTHbIX CHCTeM. Hanpu:Mep, cpHpMa «Torr-CHcTeMbI» pa3pa60TaJia c rrpHMeHeHHeM Microsoft Access CHCTeMy aBTOMaTH3HpoeattHoro rrpoeKTHpoeaHHH TeXHOJIOfHqecKHX rrpoueccoe H3fOTOBJieHH.R .ueTaJieH «TeXHOpo», HHTerpHpOBaHHYIO B CHCTeMy rrapaMeTpttqeCKOfO qepqeHHH «T-flex-CAD». Ha Kacpe.upe «TeXHoJiornH rrpoH3BO.UCTBa rrpH6opoe H cu:cTeM ynpaBJieHH.R JieTaTeJII>HbIX arrrrapaTOB» MATM-PfTY HM. K. 3. Uu:oJIKOBCKoro pa3pa6oTaHhI CATIP TeXHoJiorHqecKHx rrpoueccoe c6opKH «11a3ep 2000» H 3KCnepTHrul CHCTeMa oueHKH O)l(H.llaeMbIX 3aTpaT Ha 113fOTOBJieHHe HOBbIX rrpH6opoB «Krlacc - 3KcrrepT». CYB,lJ; Access HMeeT xapaKTepHCTHKH, cTaBHrn;He ee BHe KOHKYpeHUHH npH o6yqeHHH MeTO.UOJIOfHH pa3pa6oTKH HHcpopMaUHOHHbIX CHCTeM Ha OCHOBe 6a3 .uaHHbIX: • rrpocTOTa OCBOeHH.R crreUHaJIHCTaMH, He BJia,UeIOIIlHMH H3bIKaMH nporpaMMHpOBaHH.R, qTO o6ecrreqHeaeT COKpameHHe BpeMeHH Ha npoeKTHPOBaHHe H 3aTpaT Ha pa3pa60TKy; • coeMeCTHMOCTb c rrpHJioxeHH.RMH Windows; • B03MO)l(HOCTh co3.uaHH.R B,n: co BCTaBKOH rpacpttqeCKHX H MYJibTHMe.uu:ii:HbIX o6beKToB; • B03MO)l(HOCTb pa60Thl B JIOKaJibHbIX H fJI06aJibHbIX CeT.Rx; • B03MO)l(HOCTh HcrroJib30BaHH.R Ta6JIHU B,lJ;, pa3pa60TaHH1>1x .upyrnMH rrporpaMMHbIMH CHCTeMaMH.

5.2. "1MnopT, np11tcoeA11tHeH11te

11'1

3KcnopT A3HHblX

O;::i;H11M 113 ;::i;ocTOl1HCTB CYE,U Access 51BJHieTC51 B03MO)!(HOCTb pa6oTbI c ;::i;aHHbIMl1, pa3pa6oTaHHbIMl1 c rrp11MeHeH11eM ;::i;pyrMX rrporpaMMHbIX rrpo;::i;yicroB, T. e. 11MrropT mm 3KcrropT ;::i;aHHbIX. Access B3a11Mo;::i;eikTByeT c ;::i;aHHbIMl1, pa3pa6oTaHHbIMl1 ;::i;pyr11M11 rrpMJIO)!(eHM51Ml1 Windows (TeKCTOBbIMl1, rpaq>:w1ecKMMl1, 3JieKTPOHHbIMl1 Ta6JIMI.J;aM11), a TaK)!(e c 6a3aMl1 ;::i;aHHbIX, pa3pa60TaHHbIMl1 c 11CIIOJib30BaHl1eM crreu.11aJibHbIX 513bIKOB rrporpaMM11pOBaHM51 dBASE, Paradox, Btrive, SQL. Bee ;::i;eH:cTBM51 c 11mpopMau.neH: B CYE,U Access - qTeH11e, BCTaBKa, y;::i;aneH11e ;::i;aHHbIX 11 ;::i;pyr11e BbITIOJIIDIIOTC51 c IIOMOll.lbIO KOMaH;::i;, HarrncaHHhIX Ha CTPYKTYPl1POBaHHOM 513hIKe 3arrpocoB - SQL, KOTOPhIH ,ll;OJI)!(eH 6bITb yTBep)l{)leH Me)!()J;yHapO,ll;HOH opraHH3al.l,HeH CTaH;::i;apTOB ISO B KaqecTBe oqm:u,HaJihHOro CTaH;::i;apTa peJI5IU.110HHhIX 6a3 ;::i;aHHbIX. Mo;::i;mpHKaU.HH 513b1Ka SQL rrpHMeIDIIOTC51 B CTPYKTYPe rrpaKTHqecKM Bcex peJI5IU.110HHhIX. CYE,U. B CTPYKTYPe CYE,U Access co;::i;ep)!(HTC51 ;::i;paH:Bep Open Database Connectivity (ODBC OTKPhIThIH ,ll;OCTYII K ;::i;aHHbIM), o6ecrreqnBaIOll.lHH B3aHMO,ll;eHCTBHe c ;::i;pyrHMH 6aJaMl1 ;::i;aHHbIX.

HMIIOP'f a npacoe,ll,lllleHHe ,11;3.llllblX. I1p11 co3;::i;aHHH Ta6JIHU. B Access 06ecrreq11BaeTC5I B03MO)!(HOCTb 11MIIOpTa ;::i;aHHbIX 113 <t>aH:JioB c pa3JIJfqHbIMl1 <t>opMaTaMl1, pa3pa60TaHHbIMl1 c IIOMOll.lbIO ;::i;pyr11x rrporpaMMHbIX rrpOAYK'fOB, rrocpe;::i;CTBOM KOII11pOBaHl151. I1p11coe;::i;11HeH11e ;::i;aHHbIX - 3TO B03M0)!(H0CTb o6pameHM51 113 o;::i;HOH 6a3bl ;::i;aHHbIX K UH$OpMau.1111, UMeIOmetl:c51 B ;::i;pyrux 6a3aX ;::i;aHHblX (Ta6JIHU.aM), KOTOpbie MOryr HaXO,ll;UTbC51 KaK B TOM )Ke KOMIIbIOTepe, TaK " B ;::i;pyr11x KOMIIblOTepax, o6be,ll;UHeHHbIX ceTbIO. 11MrropT ;::i;aHHbIX rrpe;::i;rroqT11TeJieH B cJie;::i;yrom11x cmyau,M51x: • Heo6xOJJ;l1Mbie ;::i;aHHbie HaXOMTCH B <t>aH:Jie He60JibllIOfO pa3Mepa (K6aHTbI); • He06XO,ll;l1Mbie ;::i;aHHhie HaXOMTC51 B <t>aH:Jie, co;::i;ep)!(aH11e KOToporo IIOJib30BaTeJieM MeIDieTC51 JJ;OCTaToqHo pe;::i;Ko; • rrp11 3aMeHe Bepc11u Access <t>aH:JlhI rrpe)!(Hero <t>opMaTa B HOBOH Bepc11u 11CIIOJib30BaTbCH He MOryr. I1p11coe;::i;uHeHue ;::i;aHHbIX rrpe;::i;rroqTuTeJibHO B cJie;::i;yromwx c11zyaU.M5IX: • TPe6yeMbIH <t>aH:JI no pa3Mepy 6oJihllie MaKCl1MaJihHO B03MO)!(HOro pa3Mepa EL( B Access (1 f6atl:T); • ;::i;aHHbie <t>anJia qacTO MeH5IIOTC51 IIOJib30BaTeJieM; • ;::i;aHHbie <t>aH:Jia 11CIIOJib3YJOTC51 rrp11 pa6oTe B pe)!(HMe KOJIJieKTl1BHOf0 ;::i;ocryrra. TeXHoJior1151 11MrropTa <t>aH:JioB:

~ OTKPbITh 6aJy ;::i;aHHhIX, B KOTopyro 6y;::i;eT 11MrropT11poBaTbC5I <t>aH:JI; ~ aKT11B113upoBaTh MeHIO </Jaii.n 11 KOMaH;::i;y HMnopm;

:::::} B IIOHBMBIIIeMCH )J;Ma.JIOfOBOM OKHe lfMnopm BbI6paTb M3 rrpeMO)l(eHHOfO crrwcKa ¢>opMaT MMrropTMpyeMoro <t>aitrra. TipM 3TOM Access OTKpoeT .IJ:Ma.JIOroBoe OKHO Bbt6op <PaWio6; :::::} B OKHe Bbt6op <jJaUA06 BbI6paTh MMIIOPTMpyeMblM <t>aitrr. B rrpo:uecce MMIIOpTa rrpOMCXO.IJ:MT rrpeo6pa30BaHMe TMIIOB IIOJie:H 11 MrropTMpyeMhIX ;::i:aHHhIX B ¢>opMaThI ;::i:aHHhIX Access. AHa.JiorWIHO rrpoM3BO.IJ:MTCH MMrropT ;::i:aHHhIX M M3 ;::i:pymx B,Z:t pa3pa6oTaHHhIX B cpe;::i:e Access. HarrpMMep, rrpM MMIIOPTMPOBaHMM TeKCTOBhIX ¢>aitrroB B rn6JIM:UhI Access MX Heo6xo;::i:MMO COOTBeTCTBYIOIUMM o6pa30M CTpYKTYPMPOBaTh: JIH6o TeKCT o<t>opMMTb B BM)J;e Ta6JIM:U, JIM6o MCIIOJib30BaTh B TeKCTe pa3;::i:emrren11, OTJIWiaIOIUlle Haqa.Jio 11 KOHe:u a63a:ua. TaKHMll pa3;::i:eJ111TeID1M11 MOryT CJIY)l(HTb 3alliITaH, rrpo6eJI, Ta6yJIHI(llH. TeXHoJiorHH 11p11coe;::i:11HeHHH rn6n11:u: :::::} OTKpbITb 6a3y ;::i:aHHhIX, B KOTOpyro 6y;::i:eT HMIIOpm:poBaTbCH <l>aitrr; :::::} aKTIIBll3HpOBaTb MeHIO </JaWi II KOMaH,.!JY IlpucoeiJUHUmb ma611u-tzy; :::::} B IIOHBHBIIIeMCH )J;llaJIOfOBOM OKHe IlpucoeiJuHeHue ma611u14 Bbl6paTb 113 11peMOXeHHOfO CIIllCKa <t>opMaT HMIIOpm:pyeMoro <t>aitrra, Access OTKpoeT ;::i:11a.Jioroeoe OKHO Bbt6op 603bl iJaHHbDC; :::::} B oKHe Bbt6op 6a3bl iJaHHbDC Bh16paTh llMH B,lI;, Access OTKpoeT .IJ:MaJIOfOBOe OKHO CO CIIllCKOM Ta6Jill:U Bhl6paHHOM B,lJ;; :::::} BbI6paTb HYXHYID Ta6n11:uy II aKTllBll311pOBaTb KOMaH.IJ:Y Ilpucoe-

OUHUmb. 3KcnopT .n;annhlx.

TexHonorMH 3Kcrroprn rn6mr:u M3 o.n;Ho:H B,lI; B ;::i:pynre rrpaKTWieCKH aHanomqHa MMrropry.

5.3. ny6m1Ka4MJ1 AaHHblX B ceTJIX Internet "' Intranet CoBpeMeHHhie KOMIIhlOTepHbie TeXHoJionrn, 11p11MeHHeMb1e B rrpoH3BO)J;CTBe M 6113Hece, OpMeHTHPYIOTCH Ha IIIHPOKHe B03M0)!(HOCTM npMMeHeHHH JIOKa.JibHbIX M fJI06a.JibHbIX BblqlfCJIMTeJihHbIX ceTeM Intranet H Internet, T. e. rrepe;::i:aqy MJIM rronyqeHHe rpa¢>wqecKo:i1: M TeKcToBo:H HH¢>opMa:UHH (qepTe)l(eM .n;eTa.Jie:H, y3JloB, TeXHOJIOrWiecKo:H JJ:OKYMeHTa:UMM, ;:i:aHHbIX 0 <l>MHaHCOBOM ;::i:eHTeJibHOCTM <l>HpMbl 11 ;::i:p.) y;::i:a.JieHHhIMM rroJib30BaTeJIHMH. CYB,lI; Microsoft Access 2000 npe;:i:ocTaBJIHeT IIOJih30BaTeJI10 Bce Heo6xo;::i:HMhie cpe;:i:cTBa MH BhInoJIHeHHH 3TMX orrepau;w:H. ,lljrn 11H¢>opMa:UHOHHoro o6MeHa qepe3 Internet B CYB,lI; Access 2000 npe;:i:ycMOTpeHO C03,[(aHMe TaK Ha3bIBaeMblX CTpaHM:U )J;OCTYIIa K ;::i:aHHbIM (Data Access Pages), rrpe;::i:cTaBJIHIOIIIHX co6otl crre:u;Ha.JihHhie ¢>opMhI, c KOTOPhIMM MO)l(HO pa6oTaTh B Web-6poy3epax, HaIIpMMep Internet Explorer. no CYTM CTpaHH:Ua ,[(OCTYIIa K ;::i:aHHblM - 3TO WebCTpaHH:Ua, pa3pa6oTaHHaH B BM)J;e <t>opMbl, 1103BOJIHlOII(eH BBO,[(MTh, npocMaTpHBaTh H .uenaTh BhI6opKH MH<t>opMa:UHH B 6a3e .uaHHhIX. CrpaHM:UhI .UOCTYIIa K .uaHHhIM, B OTJIWIHe OT <t>opM xpaIBITCH B BR)le OT-

,lleJibHblX <t>aIDIOB BHe <t>aIDia 6a.3bl .uaHHbIX H MOI)'T rry6JIHKOBaTbCH Ha Web-cepeepax. <l>aKTHqecKH CTPaHHUhI .llOCTYIIa K .uaHHbIM no3BOJIHIOT coJ.uasaTh H xpaHHTb HH<t>opMaUHIO B <t>opMaTe HTML. 0.UHHM H3 ,llOCTif)l(eHHH COBpeMeHHbIX HH<t>opMaUHOHHbIX TeXHOJIOfHH HBJIHeTCH 803MOXHOCTb COBMeCTHOH pa60Tbl cneuHaJIHCTOB B JIOKaJlbHblX (B npe.uenax npe.n:npIDITIDI) KOMnbKYrepHbIX CeTHX Intranet. B 3TOM c;zyqae Access 2000 no3BOJIHeT opraHH3oBaTb 3<l><l>eKTHBH}'IO pa6ory c 6a.3aMH .uaHHhIX no apXHTeKT}'Pe KJIHeHT-cepeep, T.e. co3.llaTb cneu11anbHbIH <t>aIDI npoeKTa c pac11111peHHhlM ADP, B KOTOpoM xpaHHTc.si: o6'beKTbl HHTep<t>eika noJib30BaTeJIH - <t>opMhl, o~e Thl, MaKpOChl, MOJlYJIH. Bee o6'beKThl 6a.3hl .uaHHhlX - Ta6JIHUhl, JaIIpocbl pa.3pa6aTblBaIOTC.SI Ha .SI3h1Ke SQ L H xpaHHTC.SI B BH.z:t:e <t>aIDios SQL-Server, a KJIHeHTCKaH qacTu pa.3pa6aTumaeTC.si: B cpe.ue Access 2000. B 3TOM cnyqae o6ecrreq}{BalQTC.si: ueHTPaJIH30BaHHoe coJ.z:t:aHHe 6aJ .uattHLIX H 3<l><t>eKTHBHhlii )lOCTYII K 3THM )laHHhIM pa3.JIH11HhIMH IlOJib30BaTeJIHMH. TaKHe 6a3hl .llaHHhlX HHor.ua Ha3hIBaIOT KoprropaTHBHhIMH.

5.4. "1HTenneKTYanbHblM aHanM3 AaHHblX B HaCTO.SIIUee BpeM.SI rro;zyqaeT pa.3BHTHe HOBoe HarrpaBJieHHe KOMIlbIOTepHbIX HH<t>opMaUHOHHbIX TeXHOJIOfHH - HHTeJIJieKryaJibHbIH aHaJIH3 .uaHHblX (MA.l1:), OCHOBHOe Ha3HaqeHHe KOTOporo - IlOBbIIIIeHHe 3<l><l>eKTHBHOCTH npHHHMaeMbIX peIIIeHHH. C11cTeMbI MM peaJIH3YIOT HOBbIH HHTeJIJieKTYaJihHbIH no.uxo.u K npHMeHeHHIO CYB)],, a HMeHHO noucK u 8blH8AeHue JaKoHoMepHocmeii B pa3JIHqHbIX c<t>epax .ueHTeJibHOCTH. TaK, eme npH wcnoJih30BaHHH CYB)], «Pe6yc» ( dBase- III) pa3pa6aTbIBaJIHCb 6a3bI .uaHHbIX MH yqeTa H IIOCJie,llYJOIUero aHaJIH3a rrpHqHH OTKa30B H3,lleJIHH B rrpouecce rrpoH3BO.llCTBa H 3KcnJiyaTaUHH. B HacToHmee epeMH c pa3BHTHeM CYB)], 3TO HanpaeneHHe pa3pa6oTKH B)l, CTaJIO HCIIOJih30BaTbCH rrpH aHaJIH3e 6H3Hec-rrpoueccoe B caMhIX OTBeTCTBeHHhIX c<t>epax .ueHTeJibHOCTH - MapKeTHHre, rrpOH380,llCTBe, o6CJIY)l(HBaHHH. Pa3BHTHe MA.l1: o6ycnoBJieHo cJieJlYIOIUHMH TeXH11qecKHMH H coUHaJibH0-3KOHOMHqecKHMH <t>aKTopaMH: • IlOHBJieHHeM OTHOCHTeJibHO .ueIIIeBblX H )lOCTaToqHo o6beMHbIX YCTPOHCTB xpaHeHHH HH<t>opMaUHH (.uo 100 f6aff:T), C03)laHHeM KOMIlbIOTepOB c rrapaJIJieJibHOH apXHTeKT}'POH H pa3BHTHeM ceTeBblX TexHOJIOrHH; • cTatt.z:t:apTHJauweH: cpe.ucrn CYB)]. Ha ocHoBe SQL-Janpocos; • o60CTPeHHeM KOHKYPeHTHOH 6opb6bl 3a c<t>epbl BJIHHHHH Ha IIOTPe6HTeJieH IIPO.UYKUHH H ycnyr; • rrepexO,llOM OT MaCCOBOro o6CJiyxHBaHHH IIOTPe6HTeJieH K HH.z:t:HBHJzyaJibHOMY. Pa3JI}{qaJOT cne.uyiomHe 3TaIIbI npouecca

MM:

=> => =>

BhI6op .uaHHhIX;

TpaHcq>0pMa1urn .uaHHhIX; aHaJIHJ HmpopMaUHH. KaK rrpaBHJIO, ,U.JUI pernemrn KOHKpeTHOM Ja,naqH Tpe6yeTCR He BCR

11H<l>opMaUHR, co.uepxamaRcR B 6,[J:, T.e. HJ HMeIOIIlHXCR Ta6JIHU Tpe6yeTCR BbI6paTb JaIIHCH c orrpe.ueneHHOM HOMeHKJiaTYPOM IIOJie:H. TeXHonorHR Bb16opa .uaHHhIX ,U.JUI

11A,U:

COJ,UaHHe Ta6JIHUbl (AHOJZU3 OOHHblX) c Tpe6yeMOM CTpYKTYPOM ( COCTaBOM IIOJie:H HJ HMeIOIIlHXCR Ta6JIHU 6,[J:);

=> COJ,UaHHe JanpocOB Ha Bbl6op Tpe6yeMOM HH<l>opMaUHH HJ Ta6JIHU H ee .uo6aBJieHHe B ra6nnuy AHOJZU3 iJaHHblX. Ilocne COJ,UaHHR Ta6JIHUhl ,U.JUI aHa.JIHJa .U3HHhIX HHOr.ua rrpOBO.D;HTCR ynopR,D;oqHBaHHe HH<l>opMaUHH (TpaHc<t>opMaUHR) y,n;aJieHHe .uy6JIHPYJOIIlHX JaITHce:ii, npHBe.n;eHHe .n;aHHblX B IlOllilX K e.n;HHOMY <PopMazy H ,n;p. ,llmI Henocpe,n;cTBeHHoro aHaJIHJa HH<l>opMauHH c ueJlbIO no.rryqeHHR onpe,n;eJieHHhlX JaKOHOMepHocTeit rrpHMeIDIIOTCR HJBeCTHble MeTO.D;bl MaTeMaTJNeCKOit CTilTHCTHKH. IlpH 3TOM npouecc aHaJIHJa HH<PopMauHH CBO.D;HTCR K .D;BYM OCHOBHhIM rrpoue,n;ypaM: npoeepKe mnoTeJ H IlOHCKY JaKOHOMepHOCTe:H. ,llmI rrpoBepKH mnoTeJhl npe,n;cTaBJIRIOT HH<l>opMaUHIO, co,n;ep:xcaIUYIOCR B Ta6nuue AHOJZU3 iJaHHblX, B BH.D;e OT11eTa (Ta6JIHUhl, rpa<l>HKa, .uuarpaMMbI), npwreM peJyJibTaTbl 3T0f0 o~eTa MOryT IIO,UBepraTbCR CTaTHCTH'IeCKOMY aHaJIHJY c npHMeHeHHeM paJJmqHbIX MaTeMaTWieCKHX MeTO.UOB. 110HCK JaKOHOMepHOCTe:H CBO.UHTCR K CJie.UYIOIIlHM onepaum1M: nporHOJHOMY MO,UeJIHpoBaHHIO; aHaJIHJY CBRJe:H; cerMeHTaUHl-1 6,[J:; 11)].eHTH<l>HKaUHH OTKJIOHeHHM. Uenh nporHOJHoro Mo.uenHpoBaHHR JaKJI10qaeTcR B coJ,UattHH 0606w.eHHOM MO,UeJIH IIOBe,UeHHR aHaJIHJHpyeMOM CHCTeMbl .uaHHbIX Ha OCHOBe IIOCTpOeHHR H aHaJIHJa MaTeMaTHqecKHX Mo.uene:H. 3aBHCHMOCTH (CBRJH) Me)K)zy OT,UeJibHblMH JaIIHCRMH 6,[J: orrpe.ueJIRIOTCR KJiaCCH'IeCKHMH MeTO,UaMH KoppeAAUHOHHOro H perpeCCHOHHOfO aHaJIHJa. U:eJibIO cerMeHTaUHH 6,[J: - paJ6HeHHR JaIIHCe:H Ha rpynIIhl c ueJlhlO cyxeHHR o6naCTeM aHaJIHJa .uaHHblX - RBJIReTCR COJ,UaHHe o~e TOB c rpynnHpOBKOM .uaHHbIX. U:eJibIO H,D;eHTH<l>HKaUHH OTKJIOHeHHM RBJIReTCR BbUIBJieHHe JaIIHce:H, He BXO,URIIlHX B ycTaHOBJieHHbie rpynIIhl, H rrpoBe,UeHHe MaTeMaTHqeCKOM o6pa60TKH .uaHHblX, T. e. ycTaHOBJieHHe, RBJIRIOTCR JIH 3TH OTKJIOHeHHR «llIYMOM» HJIH xe OHH rrpe,UCTaBJIRIOT co6o:H JaKOHOMepHhIM rrpouecc.

KoHTponbHble eonpocb1

1. KaKHe xapaKTepHCTHKH CYE.Il Access C.LleJiarrH ee O.LIHOJ:t H3 caMhIX nonyAApHhIX nporpaMMHhIX CHCTeM?

qTO TaKOe HMUOpT, 3KCUOpT H npncoe.n;HHeHHe .n;aHHhIX?

3. qeM OTJmqaeTCH HMUOPT .n;aHHhIX OT npncoe.n;HHeHHH .n;aHHhIX? 4. B KaKHX CJIY'IaHX 11eJiecoo6pa3HO npHMeHeHHe HMUOpTa H B KaKHX npHCOe,ll;HHeHHe .n;aHHhIX?

qTO TaKOe HHTeJIJieK'ryaJihHhIH aHaJIH3 .n;aHHhIX?

6. B KaKHX c<t>epax .n;eHTeJihHOCTH npHMeHHIOT l1A,[l? 7.

KaKOBhl OCHOBHhie 3Tanhl npo11ecca l1A,[l?

8. c KaKOH 11eJihIO npOBO,ll;HTCH aHaJIH3 HH<t>opMaIIHH? 9. .[Lim qero nplIMeHHIOT TeXHOJIOrHIO TpaHc<t>opMaIIHH .n;aHHhIX? 10. J.fa KaKttX onepa1111il: COCTOHT 3a,11;aqa IlOHCKa 3aKOHOMepHOCTeil:? 11.

qeM o6ycJIOBJieHO UOHBJieHHe 11A,ll,?

rnaea 6 TEXHOJ10rl.1.SI PA3PA60TKl.1 TA6111.1U 6A3 .QAHHblX

6.1. Pa3pa6oTKa <1>M3M"leCKOM MOAenM AaHHblX IlpelK,lle qeM BKJIIOqHTh KOMIIhIOTep H JarrycTHTh Access, Heo6xo,n;HMO ycTaHOBHTh o6H3aTeJibHbie xapaKTepHCTHKH o6'beKTOB B.[l cPHJHqeCKYIO MO,D;eJib ,D;aHHbIX, T.e. HOMeHKJiaTypy rrpH3HaKOB OIIHcaHHH 06'beKTa (cocTaB H qHCJIO IIOJieU:) H xapaKTepHCTHKH KIDKJlOfO IIOJIH Ta6mn.J;hl, a pe3yJihTaThI O<popMHTb B Ta6JIHqHOM BH,D;e (pHC.

6.1). XapaicrepHCTHKH norreil:

IlpH3HaKH ofu.eicra

B.D:

P11c. 6.1. BH.ll: rn61rnu:h1

HMH

)LJUI

IlOJUI

B.D:

THn

lJHCJIO

.llllHHhIX

CHMBOJIOB

ToqHOCTb

orrncamui: xapaKTep11cTHK noneii: 6a3hI .n;aHHhIX

3aTeM MO)l(HO rrpHCTYITHTh K C03,llaHHIO Ta6JIHUhI B cpe,lle Access. Bo Bcex HMeIOW:HXCH BepcHHX 3TOM CHCTeMbI IlOCJie,n;oBaTeJibHOCTb ,n;e:HCTBHM rrpaKTflqeCKH o,n;HHaKoBa. CymecTByeT JIHIIIh tteKOTOpaH pa3HHua B o<t>opMJieHHH JlHaJIOroBbIX OKOH. PaccMOTpHM rrpHMepbI co3;::i;aHHH Ta6JIHU c HCITOJih30BattHeM Bepcww Microsoft Access

2000.

6.2. C03AaHMe Ta6n1>1'-'b1 c noMOU4blO KOHCTpyKTopa Ta6nM"" ,[lJIH C03)J;aHHH Ta6JIHUbl

Heo6XO)J;HMO BbIIlOJIHHTb CJie;::i;yiomwe ,n;e:H-

CTBHH: ::::} BKJIJOqHTh KOMIThIOTep H 3arpy3HTu rrporpaMMHoe o6ecrreqeHHe Windows H Access; ::::} B IIOHBHBIIIeMCH ,D;HaJIOfOBOM OKHe JlBaJK,D;bl meJIKHYTb KHOIIKOH MhIIIIH 110 MeHIO

<l>all.n

H Bb16paTh KOMaHJlY

::::} B ,n;wanoroBoM oKHe

Co3aaHue

(pnc.

C03aamb;

6.2)

aKTHBH3HpoBaTh rrepe-

KJIJOqaTeJib Ba3hI ,n;aHHhIX H menKHyTh MhIIIIhIO no KHOIIKe ::::} B )J;HaJIOfOBOM OKHe

</>aUJl H060U 6a3bl aaHHblX

(pHC.

[OK]; 6.3) rrp11-

CBOHTb HMH <t>a:Hny, yKa3aB rrpH 3TOM HMH )J;HpeKTOPHH (nanKH), r;::i;e 6y;::i;eT xpaHHThCH

B,[l,

H meJIKHYTh MhIIIIhIO no KHOnKe

Co3-

oamb;

CrpatMUI AOCTYM KAetflblot

PHc.

(CYUUICTeytO.U ...

6.2. )1.Ha.Jioroaoe OKHO Co3iJaHue 6a3bl ,ll,aHHhIX

<J1dMll llOUOM 6d3 bl AdHttbll!

Qn.:11:

18 MoH AOICYMOtfTbl My.Webs

-.w-

"'째""'째"ft>o6a.flos

-""'""""

OT1cpwnta.fle:s cf>!

<i>2 d>3

\!!<fl~"" ----o1,I1111Q>atma:

PHc.

16a!t:llA.-..OCMaosoftAccess

6.3. )1.Ha.Jioroaoe OKHO <l>aii.ti H08oii 6a3bl iJaHHblX

~a.lll ~"

.U....i

Ber~ C~

.QIUiO ~a

ll 11 ~g..

i:f .•

IP~·

GJ.

J.'kl non_q MOXeT tOCTORTb 61 ~oe ~ )"4'!T1M roo6enoe AAA C/l)aeP:H no l1l1llttal'I noneH tta)lc"'"Te

"""""":

PHC.

6.4 . .LJ:mumrosoe OKHO KOHCTpyicropa Ta6JIHU

=> e .zum.JioroeoM oKHe Ea:Ja iJaHHblX aKTHBH3HpoeaTh JaKJia,nKy Ta6Auu,a

H BbI6paTb KOMaH,Zzy

=> (pHC.

Co3oamb 6 pe:JICUMe KOHCmpyKmopa;

B IlOHBHBllleMCH ,ll;Ha.JIOfOBOM OKHe KOHCTPYKTOpa Ta6.JIHU

6.4)

C03,llaTb CTpYKTYPY Ta6.JIHUhl B COOTBeTCTBHH c YCTaHOB-

.JieHHhIMH COCTaBOM H xapaKTepHCTHKaMH IlO.JieM. KoHCTp}'KTOP Ta6.JIHU co,llep:>KHT qeTbipe u:mpopMauu:oHHhIX 6.JioKa:

HMR noM; Tun iJaHHblX; Onucanue; CBoucmBa nollJl. B 6.JioKe C6oucm6a no.llJl HMeIOTCSI ,llea oKHa (3aKJia,nKH) - 06w.ue H

lloocmaH06Ka.

06IUHe CBOHCTBa IlO.JIH Jano.JIHHIOTCH o6H3aTe.JibHO.

B OKHe lloocmaH06Ka MO)f{.HO Ja,naTb CilHCOK 3HaqeHHM,

KOTOpblM npu:

BBO.lle ,llaHHhIX 6y.IIeT BhIBO.IIHThCH Henocpe.IICTBeHHO e Ta6.Jiu:ey.

B 3TOM

c.rryqae no.JibJoeaTe.Jih .IIOJDKeH 6y.IIeT .JIHlllh me.JIKffYTh MhllllhIO no H)')KHOMY JHaqeHHIO. TaKu:e no.JIH Ha3hIBaIOT no.JIHMH co cnHcKoM. IlpH Ja,naHHH HMeHH no.JIIO Ta6.JIHUhI Heo6xo.IIHMO PYKOeo.n;cTeoeaTbCH C.Jie.llYIOIUHMH peKOMeH,llaUHHMH: • HMH IlO.JIH He ,llOJDKHO HaqHHaTbCH c npo6e.Jia; • HeCMOTpH Ha TO qTO HMH IlO.JIH MO)l(eT CO,llepxaTh ,llO

2000)

(Access

CHMBO.JIOB, ero C.Jie;zyeT Ja,naeaTb MHHHMa.JibHblM qHc.JIOM CHM-

BO.JIOB c ue.JiblO o6ecneqeHHH MHHHMH3aUHH o6DeMa naMHTH H epeMeHH IlOHCKa HH<t>opMaUHH; • )l(e.Jiare.JihHO, ~6hl HMH no.JIH npe,llcTaB.JIH.Jio co6oH: a66peeu:aT}'Py Ha3BaHHH npH3HaKa OObeKTa, KOTOpbIM 6y,lleT BBO.n;HTbCH B SJ:qeifiat: no.JIH;

• B HMeHH IIOJUI He .D:OJDKHO 6bITb 3HaKOB rrpeIIHHamui:, CK060K, BOCKJIHIIaTeJihHbIX 3HaKoB; • He .n;onycKaeTC51 IIOBTOpeHHe HMeH B Ta6JIHI1e. Tex.ttoJiorIDI JaHeceHHH .n;aHHhIX B CTpOKH HH$opMaIIHOHHhIX 6JioKOB KOHCTp}'KTOpa Ta6JIHII aHaJIOfH'!Ha TeXHOJIOfHH pa60Tbl c Ta6JIH11aMH B TeKCTOBOM pe.n;aKTope Word. IlpH'!eM JarroJIHeHHe HH$opMaIIHOHHhIX 6JIOKOB CJie.nyeT rrpOH3BO.D:HTb IIOCJie.n;osaTeJibHO .D:llil KIDK,Ll;Oro IIOJUI B CJie.nyromeM IIOPH.n;Ke: ~

BBeCTH HM51 IIOJIH;

~ Bb16paTb THII .n;aHHbIX; ~ BBeCTH B CTpOicy 6JIOKa OnucaHue KOMMeHTapHH, IIOHCHHIOIIIHH xapaKTep BBO.D:HMbIX 3Ha1:1eHHH B H':leH:icy .LJ:aHHOfO IIOJIH (B .LJ:aJibHeHIIIeM rrpH 3aIIOJIHeHHH Ta6JIHllhl 3TOT KOMMeHTapHH BbIBO,llHTC51 B CTpOKY 110.D:CKaJKH B HIDKHeH 1:1aCTH 3KpaHa);

~ 33,ll;aTb CBOHCTBa IIOJIH; ~ IIOBTOpHTb YKaJaHHbie .n;eHCTBHH .D:llil acex OCTaJibHblX IIOJieH Ta6JIH11hl.

B KOHcrpyicrope Ta6.mm Microsoft Acee~ ahl6op THIIa .llaHHhIX MOJKHO ocyw;eCTBHTb 1:1epe3 CIIHCOK. IIpHBe.n;eM THIIbl .n;aHHhIX, BXO.ll;HID;HX B 3TOT CIIHCOK.

TeJCcmoBblU.

IIoJie ,uaHHhIX 3TOro THrra MoxeT co.nepxaTh .no

mo6bIX CHMBOJIOB, B TOM 1:1HCJie H IIH$phl.

255

B TaKoe IIOJie .n;aHHbIX MOryT

TaKXe BBO.LJ:HTbC51 O.LJ:HH IIH$phl, eCJIH c HHMH He rrpe.nrroJiaraeTC51 npOH3BO.D:HTb Bbl1:1HCJieHHH.

MeMo.

IloJie .n;aHHhIX 3Toro THrra, HaJhIBaeMoe rroJieM TeKCTOBhIX

IIPHMe1:1aHHH, rrpe.n;Ha3Ha1:1eHO )J,Jl51 co.n;ep)l(aHH51 TeKCTOBOH HH$OpMallHH )J,JIHHOH 6oJiee

255

CHMBOJIOB; B Access

2000 -

.no

65 535

CHMBO-

JIOB. 3TOT THII .n;aHHbIX OTJIH'!aeTC51 OT TeKCTOBOfO TeM, 'ITO rrpe.n;cTaBJIHeT co6oH: He caMH .n;aHHhie, a CCbIJIKH Ha COOTBeTCTBYIOlllHe 6JIOKH .n;aHHbIX, xpaHH111nec51 OT.D:eJibHO, 'ITO 3Ha1:1HTeJihHO YCKOpHeT o6pa60TKY Ta6JIHII. Ilpn 3TOM rroJIH .n;aHHhIX Tttna

MeMo

He MOfYT 6hITh

KJllO'IeBbIMH HJIH HH.n;eKCHbIMH.

lfUCJl060U. )laHHbie 3TOfO THna npeJJ;Ha3Ha1:1aIOTC51 )J,Jl51 xapaKTepHCTHKH 06'beKTOB 6a3bl JJ;aHHbIX, KOTOpbie MOryT yqaCTBOBaTb B MaTeMaTH'IeCKHX pac1:1ernx.

J(ama/ 6peMR.

)laHHhie TaKoro THna rrpe.nHaJHa1:1etthI MH YKaJaHHH

JJ;aTbl HJIH speMeHH, xapaKTepH3YJOIIIHX KOHKpeTHYJO JailHCb Ta6JIHllhl, HanpHMep JJ;aTbl rroczyIIJieHH51 TOBapa Ha CKJiaJJ; HJIH BpeMeHH Ha1:1aJia H OKOH1:1aHHH pa6oThI rroJihJOBaTeJIH B ceTH Internet. JJ;aHHbIX 3TOfO THIIa MO)l(HO BBOL(HTb JJ;aTbl c

J(eHeJICHblU.

100

9999

rroJie

fOL(bl.

)laHHbie 3T0f0 THIIa aHaJIOfH'!Hbl .n;aHHbIM 1:1HCJIOBOfO

THIIa H OTJIH1:1aIOTC51 OT HHX TOJibKO xapaKTepHCTHKaMH BBO.D:HMbIX 1:1HceJI. To1:1HOCTh 1:1HCJia .naHHhIX TaKoro THIIa He rrpeBhIIIIaeT 1:1eTb1pex 3HaKOB IIOCJie 3a1I51TOH, a 11emu1 qacTb MOXeT co.nepxaTb L(O TH':IHhIX paJpMOB. HHe BaJIIOTbl.

15 .necH-

B KOHIIe 1:1ncJia MO)l(eT 6h1Th rrpocrnBJieHo 060JHa1:1e-

C11em11wc.

IloJie co.uep:>KHT YHl1KaJihHhIH (He noBTOpH10m11iicH) HO-

Mep Jan11c11 rn6JI11u;b1 B)l,. 3HaqeHHH 3Toro noAA He o6HOBAAIOTCH. Ta6JIHI.J;a Access

2000

JlozuiteCICUU.

MO:>KeT co.uepxaTb

MJIP.U Jan11ceti.

IlapaMeTpbl IlOJIH .uaHHbIX 3TOro Tl1Ila MOryr npl1Hl1-

MaTb TOJlbKO .usa JHaqeHHH, l1HTepnpeT11poBaHHhie KaK )l,a/HeT, licTHHa/Jlo:>Kb, BKJI10qeHo/Bb1KJI10qeHo. IloAA .uaHHhIX JIOIWiecKoro T11na He MOryr 6bITb KJIIOqeBbIMl1, HO MOryr 6bITb 11H,UeKCHbIMl1.

OLE (OLE-o6'heKT).

B H'leHKH noJIH .uaHHhIX 3Toro THna BBOMTCH

cchIJIKH Ha npHJio:>KeHHH, pa3pa60TaHHhie UM Windows.

3TO

Moryr

6hITh TeKCTOBbie, rpa.pnqecKHe 11 MYJihTl1Me.UHHHhie .PatiJibI. 06neM xpaHHMbIX .uaHHblX TaKoro THna B Hqeif:Kax IlOJIH orpaHHqeH TOJibKO .U11CKOBblM npOCTPaHCTBOM KOMilbIOTepa.

I'unepCCblJllCO

(Hyperlink). IlOJBOJIHeT BCTaBAATb B IlOJie a.upec, c

IIOMOil.t;bIO KOTOporo MO:>KHO CCblJiaTbCH Ha JII06oif: 4>atiJI HJIH q,parMeHT n106oro .PatiJia, HaxoMmerocH B TOM xe KOMilbIOrepe, r.ue Haxo.uHTCH Ta6nHu;a B)l,, HJIH B JII060M KOMilbIOrepe JIOKaJibHOH ceTH HJIH B ceTH Internet. fHrrepCCbIJIKa COCTOHT HJ TPeX qacTeif:: a.upeca, YKaJblBaIOil.t;ero rryrh K .paif:Jiy, .uonoJIHHTeJibHOro a.upeca, YKaJbIBaIOw;ero nonoxeHHe .pparMeHTa BHyrpH .PatiJia HJIH CTPaHHI.J;bl TeKCTa, H OT06paxaeMoro TeKcTa. KIDK,.uaH qacTh mnepccbIJIKH MO:>KeT co.uepxaTh .uo

2048

Cl1MBOJIOB.

Macmep noiJcm01-t0601C.

IloJBOJIHeT coJ.uasaTh 4>11Kc11posaHHb1e cn11c-

KH 3HaqeHl1H, KOTOPhie MOryT rrpHHl1MaTh .uaHHhie, JaHOCl1Mhie B j{qeifKH IlOJIH. IlocJie ycTaHOBJieHl1H 11MeHl1 11 T11na .uaHHhIX Kypcop IIOMern;aIOT B coOTBeTCTBYJOmyIO CTPOKY 6JioKa

OnucaHue

H co3.ua10T KOMMeHTa-

p11ti, Il03BOJIHIOIU11H IlOJibJOBaTeJIIO npaBHJibHO BBO.UHTh 11H.PopMau;1110 rrp11 JanoJIHeH1111 Ta6JI11u;b1. PeKOMeH,D,yeTCH o6HJaTeJihHO BBO.U11Th KOMMeHTapHH, oco6eHHO B Tex CJI)"laHX, Kor.ua B o6oJHaqeHl111 11MeHl1 HJll1 IlO.Uill1CH IlOJIH co.uep)1(11TCH He,UOCTaToqHo l1H4>0pMau;1111 MH npaBHJihHOro BBO.Ua .uaHHbIX. Hanp11Mep, np11 sso.ue xapaKTep11cT11K TeXHoJior11qecKoro 06opy.uoBaH11H B noJie

Dmax

(CM. p11c.

4.3)

IlOJihJOBaTeJih ,UOJl)l(eH JHaTb, qTo

MaKCl1MaJibHbIH .u11aMeTP JaroTOBKH, KOTOpaH MO:>KeT 6hITh o6pa6oTaHa Ha CTaHKe .uaHHOH MO,UeJil1, YKaJaH B MHJIJil1MeTpax, T. e. B 3TOM

OnucaHue MO:>KHO c.ueJiaTb cJie,UYJOIUHH MOICCUMaJlbHblU iJuaMemp 3a20m061CU 6 MM.

cJiyqae B CTPOKe 6JioKa MeHTap11ti:

IlocJie BBO.Ua KOMMeHTapHH He06XO.Ul1MO nepetiTH K 6JIOKY

cm6a noflJl B paJ.lleJie 06w,ue H

KOM-

C60U-

Ja,IJ,aTh noJIIO TPe6yeML1e csoticTBa. B KOH-

CTPYKTOpe Ta6JIHI.J; Ka)l(,UOMY IlOJIIO B JaB11CHMOCTl1 OT Tl1Ila .uaHHblX aBTOMaT11qeCKl1 (no yMoJiqaH11IO) Ja.uaeTCH onpe.ueJieHHbIH Ha6op CBOHCTB. KoHCTPYHPYH Ta6JIHI.J;y, 3TH CBOHCTBa HJMeHHIOT B COOTBeTCTBl111 c KOHKpeTHbIMl1 TPe6osaHHHMl1 K .uaHHbIM. Ha pHc.

6.5

noKaJaH .pparMeHT CTPYKTYPhI Ta6JI11u;b1, coJ.uaHHOH

B pe)l(l1Me KOHCTPYKTOpa, c on11catt11eM CBOHCTB O.UHOro 113 IlOJieH.

-~------, -1-

f..;;M1c1osof1Access ~aAA Ilpa!lr..:i

D_Hll 8cr§Ell':e

~ 11 ~§l» ~;.. 06o~ AeTarttJ TeKCT~ T~

t'Pi!l· c6. eA

Cny•e&t..'i CHMl!IOn

_.,,..,......

TeKCTca..1

liofolep~e

TeKCTC>ebti

HoHep pa6o4ero HeCTa

,_..,,,_.,,..,...... KOA onepawtH

TeiocToebi1

~Aa<yMeHTe(A.Olt)'"eHTte)

Tei«TotlbWi

TeKCTOl!bl1 •Teio::noeoiH

Cnyllc:e6tibM ct1MBOfl 6 KOA o6opyAO&alffl ~o6opyAoeatttm

Tet<eTC>llbM

~-~-~-----

C!!ICM'll'TBa/'\llAA

rloACT&HClelt&

Pa~OOJ'IA

Ci).

HoMepu.exa

'knoooH T111KCToew1

06wJ.te

.-_, J .Sfj}i"3

.QKHO t;np4Bl<.a

¢10pMaT nonA

MacKa8BOAa

'1o.A<Kb !Hao«lttl~no'(MCIJN¥11110

Hrtil t'IOrtAHO:*:eT COCT~Tb H!- fi'4 lt1el(08 c )"«ITOH AAA Cf1P¥tOt no motiaM l10net1 l'WO'll1Te

~nae

Ytno&lotett.sJHd<.leHHe

tCMIHUy•!

Coo&i.tet91eo60i.LH5M

PHc.

6.5. IlpHMep BHeceHIDI xapaKTepHCTHK Ta6JIHUbI B KOHCTpyicrop Ta6JIHI.J,

IlocJie onHcaHIDI xapaKTepHCTHK (CBOHCTB) Bcex noJieH Ta6nHUhl KOHC'l"p)'KTOP JaKphlBaIOT' rrpH 3TOM OTKphlBaIOTCH ,ll,HaJIOfOBble OKHa, B KOTOphIX rrpe,UJiaraeTCH 3a,UaTh HMH Ta6nHUbI H ycTaHOBHTb KJIIoqeBhle IIOJIH, ecnH OHH He 6hlJIH 3a,UaHbl paHee. IlpH 3a,UaHHH HMeHH Ta6nHUhl Heo6XO,ll,HMO yqHTbIBaTb cne,UYIOrn;He peKOMeH,UaUHH: • HMH ,ll,OJDKHO O'l"pIDKaTb CO,UepxaHHe ,UaHHblX B Ta6nm.-e (KJiacc 06'beKTOB); • B HMeHH He ,ll,OJI)l(HO 6hITh 3HaKOB rrperrHHaHIDI H CK06oK; • HMH He ,ll,OJI)l(HO HaqHHaTbCH c rrpo6ena; • B. O.llHOM <l>a:Hne

BLI.

He ,UOJDKHO 6hITh Ta6nHU c O,UHHaKOBhlMH

HMeHaMH. KmoqeBhle noJIH ycTaHaBJIHBaIOTCH B Tex cnyqaHX, Kor,Ua ,UaHHhie O,ll,HOH Ta6nHUhl

BLI. ,ll,OJDKHhl 6hlTh CBHJaHhl c

,UaHHhlMH llPYrHX Ta6-

nHu. IlpH 3TOM KJIIOqeBoe none ,ll,OJDKHO O,llHOJHaqHo onpe,lleIDITh KIDK-

llYIO

3aIIHCb B Ta6nm1e, a ero 3HaqeHIDI He ,IJ;OJDKHhl IIOBTOpHTbCH.

KJI10qeBhIM MOlKeT 6hITb n106oe none Ta6JIHUhl, 3HaqeHIDI ,UaHHhlX KOToporo O,UHOJHaqHo orrpe,UeJIHIOT BCIO JanHcb. EcnH JanHCh Henh3H O,ll,H03HaqHo onpe,UenHTb no JHaqeHHeM ,UaHHhIX O,ll,HOfO noJIH, ycTaHaBJIHBaIOT HecKonhKO KJI10qeBhIX none:H. HO BhI6paTh none ,UaHHhlX KIDKJIYIO JanHCh Ta6nHUhl.

B KaqecTBe KJI10qeBoro Mox-

C"lem"IUIC, KOTOpoe O,ll,H03HaqHO onpe.aeJIHeT

Kn:10qeBoe none C03,UaeTC5I npH onHCaHHH CBOHCTB none:H B KOHCTp)'KTOpe Ta6nm:i;, llJl5I qero cne.uyeT BbI,UenHTh Heo6xo.uHMOe none H Ha naHenH HHCTpyMeHTOB menKHYTh MbllllbIO no COOTBeTCTBYIOme:H KHOnKe. IlpH C03,UaHHH HeCKOnhKHX Ta6nm:i;, .co.uep)l(all.(HX O.UHHaKOBbie xapaKTepHCTHKH o6'beKTOB, cne.uyeT npHMeH5ITb TeXHonormo KOnHpoBaHH5I .uaHHblX. CTBH5I:

,[(Jrn 3TOro Heo6XO.UHMO BblilOnHHTh cne.uyIOil.(He .ue:HKoncmpyKmop;

:=}

OTKphITh C03.UaHHYJO paHee rn6nmzy B pe)l(HMe

:=}

BbI,UenHTb none, KOTOpoe noBTOp5IeTC5I B .upyro:H Ta6nm:i;e; CKOnHpOBaTb Bbl,UeneHHOe none (co BCeMH ero CBOHCTBaMH)

:=}

B 6y$ep o6MeHa; :=} BCTaBHTb H3 6y$epa o6MeHa xapaKTepHCTHKH noJl5I B COOTBeTCTBYJOil.(YJO CTpOicy KOHCTp)'KTOpa Ta6nHu.

E,n

Kor.ua CTpYKTYPhl Ta6nHU C03.Uatthl, llJl5I o6ecneqeHH5I uenocTHOCTH .UaHHbIX Heo6xo,UHMO YCTaHOBHTb CB5I3H Me:>K)ly C6R301lllbtMU Ta6-

nHUaMH. ll;eJIOCTHOCTb .UaHHhIX rapattTHpyeT 3aIUHTY HH$opMaUHH OT cnyqaihn.Ix H3MeHemm B CB5I3aHHblX Ta6JIHuax. B CB5I3aHHhIX Ta6JIHUax o,UHa Ta6nHua HB.IDieTC5I r JI a B H o ii, a BTOpaH n 0 .u q H He H H 0 H:. fJiaBHa5I Ta6JIHUa ,UOJl)l(Ha o65I3aTeJlbHO co.uep)l(aTb KJIIOqesoe none, a no.uqHHeHHaH - aHanOrttqHOe none, KOTopoe He 5IB.IDieTC5I KJIIOqeBbIM.

~ ycTaHOBJieHH5I CB5I3eH Me:>K)ly Ta6JIHUaMH Heo6XO.UHMO BblilOJlHHTb cne,UYJOil.(He .ue:HCTBH5I: :=} Ha naHenH HHCTpYMeHTOB OKHa 6a3hl .uaHHbIX COOTBeTCTBYIOW:HM 3HaqKOM aKTHBH3HpoBaTb KOMaH,Uy CxeMa iJaHHbtX (pHc. 6.6); :=} B OTKpbIBIIIeecH OKHO nOCTpOHTeJl5I cxeMbl .uaHHbIX (pHC. 6. 7)

BBeCTH rnaBHYJO H no.uqHHeHHbie Ta6nHUhI; :=} CB5I3aTb Ta6nHUbI no 0,UHHaKOBOMY nonIO. Ha pHc. 6.8 noKa3aHo oKHo nocTpOHTeAA cxeMbI .uaHHhIX, B KOTOpoM ycTaHOBJieHa CB5I3b O.UHH - KO MHOrHM Me)l(,Uy .UBYMH Ta6nHUaMH CAIIP TIT «JlA3EP 2000». B npouecce co3,UaHH5I CB5I3H BKJ110qeH napaMeTp 06ecneztenue u,e;wcmnocmu iJaHHbtx, npH KOTopoM He .uonycKaeTcH npOH3BOnhHOe y.uaneHHe HJIH H3MeHeHHe 3anHce:H B rnaBHOH Ta6nHue. EcnH ycTaHOBHTh (BKJ110qHTh) napaMeTpbI CBH3H Me:>K;UY Ta6nm:i;aMH KaCTwiJnoe o6noBAenue CBR3aHHbtX no;zeii H KacKaiJnoe yiJaJlenue

C6R301lllblX 3anuceu,

TO npH JII06hIX H3MeHeHH5IX .uaHHbIX B rJiaBHOH

Ta6JIHUe npOH30H.ueT aBTOMaTffqeCKOe H3MeHeHHe CB5I3aHHblX .uaHHbIX B no.uqHHeHHOH Ta6JIHUe. 11.TaK, COCTaB Ta6nHIJ; 6a3bl .uaHHbIX ycTaHOBJieH, CTpYKTYPa KIDK.uo:H Ta6JIHUhI pa3pa60TaHa, onpe.ueneHhI H ycTaHoBJieHbI CBH3H Me)l(.uy Ta6JIHIJ;aMH. Mo)l(HO npHCTYflaTb K 3anonHeHHIO Ta6nHU .uaHHhIMH.

* B 1rn<t>opMaU:HOHHOH rn6JIHU:aMH

CHCTeMe MOryT 6b!Tb Ta6JIHU:bl, He CBll:JaHHbie c .upyrHMH

E.[(.

- Cl

0nepaQ&.M cneu.wa.llM

i.1HCTP9"1e11rC~a>KHbM

!ml

OnepauMM_n~

\II~ cneuwallbHbM

[ID 0 nepauMOH!iaR Kapr

lmJ

o,,.,.QK

Mapu!p9THaS1Kapra

[ID

npwcnoco611eHMSl

MarepMaflbl ecnoMOl'"aTellbHbie

Marel)MalblOCHOeHble

lml ITiil

MKatt~a

[ll

o~-

[)!

\.1~MepMT"e~

18.f!Mfr@@I IQ@@

lWl

PHc. 6.6. OKHo 6a3bI ,naHHhIX

Ilo6aonemmTa6nMUbl

6£i

MaTepHa/lbl &llOMOf"aTCJbttie

MaTepHallbl OCHOetl:>te

fl'tC a11anora

06aoY•-

Onepaiu1H o6wero ~ Onepau1111~ Onepau,Hl'l_~Mble AOKy1..etiTbl

0nepauHOHHml KapTa

0T'-leTOK

np11cnoco6neH1111

140S

PHc.

6.7. OKHo IIOC'fPOHTeJUI cxeMbI ,naHHhIX

Pa)?AaTa ~,0.aTa

ToXHOn TexHOrTAaTa YTB<lli1o YTe,lJ.au1

N9on

Ko.a.On

Ha....onep

li!c;OHTp.nllltlo

06,D.OKYM

HKOHTp11,lJ.aTa

CnC6 Ko.a.06

06Vb.a.

H06op

06ACfi

06,ll.OK Ha11MJ.134

MsMeHem~e ceS13eM

Jl11rl

fl11r2

""'' 3aoo•l1•,_

llllanKaMKl_l

06~11ttet111e.

~ U.~J10CTHOCT11_tt<H:bfX:

r r

Kai.;,i<:aAHOe ')IA&T"leHHe CBA3QHHblX

(acKa.11.HOe

°'...,.. I ttoeoe··

·I I

o6Hoenet111e (M;i;OHHbt)( nol!el1 )alltlCeH

roroeo

~n.,..

PHC.

NUM

6.8.

C!Hzl ml

teinA3EP20

l1ID r,..,,....,

I · Yw'"'° I ~YACTb l

lio;!lc•eMu..

'!alillJ#/'1;1'0••~ 1551

0KHO cxeMbI ,n:aHHbIX c YCTaHOBJieHHOH CBH3bl0 O,D:HH -

KO MHOI'HM

BBo.n; .n;aHHhIX B rn6mu~hI npoM3BO.IJ:MTC51 .IJ:BYM5J: cnoco6aM1-i:: ttenocpe.n;cTBeHHO B H'!eHKH Ta6JIMUhI H qepe3 <t>opMhI. IlpM BhI6ope cnoco6a BBO,IJ;a .n;aHHhIX B Ta6JI11Uhl Heo6xo.n;11MO PYKOBO,IJ;CTBOBaThC51 CJie,LJ,yiolll,l1MH coo6pffiKeHH51MH: • }'MeHhIIIeHHe Bep051THOCTl1 OIIIl160K onepaTopa; • y.n;o6cTBo opratttt3au1111 caMoro npou:ecca Bso.n:a ,n:aHHhIX. KoHTponbHble eonpocb1

1. 1-fa KaKHx HHcPOpMaUHOHHbIX 6JIOKOB

COCTOHT KOHCTPYKTOP Ta6JIHU H

B KaKOH IlOCJie,!l,OBaTeJibHOCTH CJie,!l,yeT HX JanOJIIDITb?

2. J-fa CKOJibKHX CHMBOJIOB MO)l(eT COCTOHTb HMH IlOJIH? 3. Mo)l(eT JIH HMH noAA Haq1rnaT1>CH c npo6eJioB? 4. KaKHe CHMBOJibl HeJib3H HCilOJib30BaTb npH o603HaqeHHH HMeHH noJIH? 5. B qeM COCTOHT OTJiffqHe ,!l,aHHbIX TeKCTOBOI'O THOa OT ,!J,aHHblX THOa MeMo? 6. B qeM JaKJI10qaeTCH paJJIHqHe qffcJIOBoro H .n:eHe)l(Horo THilOB .n:aHHbIX? 7. B KaKHx cnyqaHX cJie,!l,yeT npHMeHHTb .n:aHH1>1e THna OLE? 8. B KaKHX cnyqaHX cJie,!l,yeT npHMeIDITb .n:aHH1>1e THna runepcci.mKH? 9. B KaKHX cnyqaHX noJIIO npHcBaHBaIOT CBOHCTBO KJIJOqeBoro? 10. Mo)l(eT JIH KJIJOqeBoe noJie HMeTi. noBTOpHIOI.UHeCH 3HaqeHHH ,n:aHHbIX B Ta6JIHUe E;:J;?

11. B KaKHX cnyqaHX noJIIO npHcBaHBaIOT CBOHCTBO o6HJaTeJii.ttoro? 12. KaKHe Ta6JIHUbI Ha3i.rnaIOTCH rnaBHbIMH H no.n:qHHeHHbIMH? 13. qTO TaKoe o6ecneqeHHe ueJIOCTHOCTH ,!l,3HHbIX?

rnaea 7 TEXHOl10r1Afl PA3PA50TKM JAnPOCOB B CYEi,Q MICROSOFT ACCESS

7.1. BM,qb1 3anpocoe npM pa6oTe c ,qaHHblMM OcHOBHOe Ha3Haqemfe mo6oii HH<t>opMaUHOHHOH CHCTeMbl COCTOHT B rrpe.u;ocTaBJieHHH IIOJib30BaTemo Heo6xo,ri;HMOH H ,fl;OCTOBepHOH HH<t>opMaUHH, H 6a3bl .u;aHHbIX B 60JibIIIeH CTeneHH OTBeqaJOT 3TOMY Ha3HaqeHHIO. 06pa6oTKa HH<t>opMaUHH, co.u;epxameiic.si: B Ta6JIHuax B.U, OCYIUeCTBJijleTC.si: c IlOMOIUbIO 3anpocoB, KOTOpble npe,fl;CTaBJijllOT co6oH: HeKOTOpbIH Ha6op KOMaH,ri;, npe,n;Ha3HaqeHHblX )1;Jijl IlOHCKa H o6pa60TKH HH<l>oPMauHH B Ta6JIHUax no 3a,fl;a.HHblM ITOJTh30BaTeJieM yCJioBIDIM (3HaqeHH.si:M noJieH:). B CHCTeMe Access B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BblITOJIH.si:eMblX .u;eHCTBHH MOXCHO C03,fl;aBaTb CJie,ri;yIOIUHe BH,ll;bl 3anpocoa: Ha BblITOJI HeHHe .u;eHCTBHH (Bb160pKY); o6HOBJieHHe; .u;o6aBJieHHe; y.u;aneHHe; C03,IJ;aHHe Ta6JIHUbl. BH.n;bI 3anpocoa Moryr paJJiffqaTbc.si: reXHoJiorneii co3,11;aHH.s1 H <t>opMoti npe,u;cTaBJieHH.si: HH<l>opMaUHH. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TexHoJiorHH C03,UaHH.sl 3anpOCbl pa3,UeJI.sllOT Ha IIOCTOHHHbie H rrapaMeTpHqecKHe.

rr o c T o H H H bl x 3 arr p o c ax ycJIOBH.si: Bb16opa HH<l>opMaUHH He MeH.si:IOTC.sl B TeqeHHe ,u;JIHTeJibHOro apeMeHH. B II a pa Me T p H q ec K H x 3 a II p 0 ca x rrapaMeTpbl BbI6opa HH<t>opMaUHH MeH.si:IOTCH. B pe3yJibTare BbIIIOJIHeHH.si: 3arrpocoa rronyqaIOT .UHHaMffqeCKHe rn6JIHUhl, KOTOpbie no ceoeM: <t>opMe MOryT 6b1Tb .ueyx BH,UOB: co CTpYKTYpoii, COOTBeTCTByIOIUeH HCXO.UHOH Ta6nm..i:e (Ta6JIHUaM) E.U, H co CTpYKTYPOH, OTJIHqaJOIUeHCH OT HCXO.UHOH Ta6JIHUbI (Ta6JIHI..J:) E.U, KOTOpbie Ha3bIBalOTCH K p 0 c C-T a 6 JI H u a M H. B OTJIHqHe OT HCXO.UHOH Ta6JIHUbl E.U 3aroJIOBKaMH cTon6uoa B Kpocc-Ta6JIHUe HBJijllOTCH He HMeHa, a 3HaqeHH.si: Bbl6paHHbIX IIOJieH. Kpocc-Ta6JIHUbl <t>opMHpyIOTCH c rroMOIUbIO oco6bIX BHllOB 3arrpocoa II e p e KP e c TH bl x, T. e. 3arrpOCOB, KOTOpbie rrpHMeH.si:IOTCH llJijl Bbl6opa HH<t>opMaUHH c O.UHOBpeMeHHblM rpyrrrrHpoBaHHeM .uaHHbIX no 3HaqeHH.si:M OT,UeJibHbIX IIOJieH.

7.2. Cnoco6b1 co3,qaHM.R 3anpocoe B CHCTeMe Access IIOJib30BaTemo rrpe.u;JiaraeTc.si: .uaa crroco6a co3.u;aHH.s1 3arrpocoa: • KOHCTpYHPOBaHHe B peXHMe MeH10; • rrporpaMMHpoaaHHe B peXHMe SQL.

- ff ~oim

!lpae11.a

a1.i Bcr~a (§p&c Q1<:t10 ~a

oi5

~ °'"'""· 1£ ~""

• (i) •

-.=...,,=---.,..---=-·

@Co¥m.

'""~=-eo,...... -_--.........

t----~-'11.

i§I ~... 98199 @ B~ padar~ 90199

c§l rAK-98199

rC¥loeaff HarPJ31<.a _98199 ~--98199

Ja-o>ocl K-98199 @ K_,..,_,_......98199

i§I K-padar~

fla6opa'ropHbJe •

§:

fleti;UMOt111Ml

~ CeMeCTp 2001 r

ttar~a Ha ocet"'*4 CeMeCTP 2001 r

.!.l

Puc. 7. l. OKJm 061.eKTOB B.ll: c O'l'KphlTOA: BICJIIWCOA: 3anpocbl CoJ.aaHHe Janpoca e pe:>KHMe MeH10 BhIIlOJIIDieTcR c noMOIUhIO CHCTeMbl MaCTepoe. B 3TOM cJiyqae noJib30BaTeJih, yira3ae napaMeTpbI 3anpoca e oKHe KOHCTpYffpoeamrn, HCilOJib3yeT npe.uocTaBJUieMbie MaCTepoM B03MO)KHOCTH. CHcTeMa Access B 3TOM cnyqae aeT0MaTw1ecKH <t>opMHpyeT KO.U rrporpaMMbI B BH.lle cneu:HaJibHOH IlOCJie)lOBaTeJibHOCTH KOMaH)l Ha cTpyicrypHpoeaHHOM R3hIKe <t>opMHpoeaHIDI Jarrpocoe - SQL. IlpH nporpaMMHpoeaHHH B pe)l{HMe SQL noJih30BaTeJih .aoJDKeH OITHCaTb Bee BbIIIOJIJUieMbie npH 3anpoce .aeif:CTBHR c ITOMOIUbIO COOTeeTCTByIOIUHX KOMaH.ll Ha R3bIKe SQL. Bo3MO)KHOCTH KOHCTpYHPOBaHHR Jarrpocoe B pe)l{HMe MeHJO .uocTaTOqHbI .llfill perneHIDI rrpaKTuqecKH JII06bIX Ja.uaq o6pa6onrn HH<t>opMaU:HH B Ta6JIHU:ax .E,ll. TeXHOJIOrHIO KOHCTpYJipoeaHHR Janpocoe paccMOTpHM Ha npHMepe CY.E,ll Access 2000, B KOTopoif: npoeKTHpoeaHHe Janpoca MO)KeT BbIIIOJIIDITbCR .UBYMR cnoco6aMH: caMOCTO.HTeJibHO H c ITOMOIUbIO MaCTepoe. IlpH JII060M cnoco6e npoeKTHpoBaHIDI Heo6XO.UHMO OTKpblTb OKHO 3anpOCbl o6'beKTOB .E,n: (pHC. 7.1), aKTHBH3HpOBaB KHOilKY [3anpochr]*.

* Bee paCCMOTpCHHbIC .ll3Jlee npHMepbl OCHOBaHbl Ha 6aJe .naHHblX, pa3pa60TaHHOA .llJUI cocraBJieHIDI H aHaJIHJa HarpyJKH npeno.nasareneA.

- ti x ~a1n (!p.nr.a ft.~ Bcr§8"a

(pHC Ott.HO ~a

Cl~

~ ~

Ho0bl'4 3unpoc

npocToH !af1XIC flepeicpec:THbl'1 Jar1>0C: floetQPstOWJ1eCA)«'l101 ~H6elno.O.'ff'letl1blX

II.JM

$!il!l-I

•G»JJ.J

19 01

PHc. 7.2. OKHo Ha'laJILHoro .n;HaJiora npH co3,naHHH 3anpoca IloJib30BaTeJib MO)l(eT BbI6paTb cne.nyiomHe BapHaHTbl KOHCTpYHpoBaHHH JanpocoB: meJIKH}'Tb MbllllblO no KHOnKe [ COJ,n;aTb] B CTpOKe MeHIO OKHa 3JieMeHTOB E.Li:; menKH}'Th MbIIIIblO no JHaqKY [ COJ,n;aHHe Janpoca B pe)l(HMe KOHCTpyicropa]; menKHyrh MbIIIIblO no JHaqKY [ CoJ.n;aHHe Janpoca c noMOIUbIO MacTepa). IlpH BhI6ope nepBoro cnoco6a OTKpbIBaeTCH oKHo co3,n;aHID1 Janpoca (pHc. 7.2), B KOTOpoM noJib3oBareJIIO npe.ll.llara.IOTCH Ca.Mocmoame.JlbHoe

co3aaHue Ho«ow 3anpoca H Co3aaHue 3anpoca c noMOUJ.blO KOHcmpyKmopa B pe)l(HMax: llpocmou 3anpoc; llepe1CpecmHf>1u; llo«mopa10w.ueCJl 3anucu; 3anucu 6e3 noa11uHeHHblX.

7.3. Co3AaH111e 3anpocoa c

noMO~blO

KOHCTpyKTopa

3anpocoa IlpH C03)l;aHHH JanpocoB c noMOIUblO KOHCTpyicropa JanpocoB (pHC. 7.3) Heo6xo,n;HMO BbIIlOJIHHTb CJie)l;YJOIUHe ,n;e:HCTBHH: ~ OTKpblTb KOHCTpYJCTOP JanpocoB; ~ B OTKpbIBIIIeMCSI OKHe J{o6a6/leHue ma6/lU~bl BbI6paTb Ta6mU.lY HJUI Ta6JIHUbl, Ha OCHOBe KOTOpblX COCTaBJUieTCH Janpoc (nocpe,n;-

-cpym .. OUJ6o'leCT~

~Aa&aTe/»1 Cetec:Tpbl

C/'lew1albl"IOCTl1

"'*'APbl

...,._,.,.,._. "°'"'

PHC.

7.3. 01om KOHC1JlyxTOpa 3arrpOCOB

CTBOM KOMaH,!J;bl J(o6a6umb). Bb16op ocymecTBJUieTC.SI ll(eJl'IKOM MblllIH no HMeHH COOTBeTCTB)'lOll(eH Ta6JIHUbl. CTpH 3TOM B oKHe KOHCTPYKTOpa no.s:iBHTC.SI Ta6JIHUa c HMeHaMH noJieH (Ha pHCyttKe BbIIlOJIHeHHe 3THX ,ll;eHCTBHH IlOKa3aHO CilJIOllIHblMH CTPeJIKaMH);

=> IlOCJie BBO,ll;a Ta6JIHUbl (Ta6JIHU) meJIKHYfb MbllllblO no KHOnKe ( 3aKpbITb); => nepeMeCTHTb He06XO,ll;HMbie ,ll;JI.SI Janpoca noJI.SI Ta6JIHUbl B nOJI.SI oKHa KOHCTPYKTOpa Janpocoe (Ha pHcyHKe BhIITOJIHeHHe 3THX ,ll;eHcTBHH noKaJaHo nyttKTHpHhIMH CTPeJIKaMH), nocJie qero npo,ll;o.JDKHTh KOHCTPYHPOBaHHe no ycJIOBH.SIM BhIITOJIHeHH.SI Janpoca; => ycTaHOBHTh nop.Sl,ll;OK copTHpOBKH JanHceii no 3ttaqeHH.SIM KaKHX-JIH6o noJieii (HanpHMep, e ampaBHTHOM nop.Sl,ll;Ke no nomo <l>HO); => B CJIY'lae Heo6XO,ll;HMOCTH BblBO,ll;a Ha 3KpaH 3HaqeHHH noJieH cooTBeTCTBeHHO meJIKHyrh MhillIKOH no KBa,u.paTHKY B CTPOKe B&1600

Ha 3KpaH.

=> eeecTH e CTPOKY YCJ10Bue om6opa cooTBeTCTB)'lOIUHe 3Haqettli.SI noJieH, no KOTOpblM npOH3BO,ll;HTC.SI oroop ,ll;aHHblX H3 Ta6JIHU. Ha pHc. 7.4 noKaJaH BHA pa3pa6oTaHHoro Janpoca, no KOTOPOMY ,ll;OJDKeH npOH3BO,ll;HTC.SI oroop 3anHceii H3 Ta6JIHUbl Hazpy3Ka ,lJ;JI.SI Bbl6opa npeno,ll;aBaTeJieii (noJie <l>HO), HMeIOIUHX e eeceHHeM ceMeCTPe (noJie

CeMecmp)

eKTbI (noJie

no AHCUHITJIHHaM (noJie

lipeoMem)

Kypcoeble npo-

KPlI). CTpH 3TOM <t>aMHJIHH npeno,ll;aeaTeJieii AOJDKHhI Bbl-

KHorrKa [BhliloJIH11Tb Jarrpoc] x

.p.,o Aon Wm

....

Cel'tec:TP

,._,. , Y"1naH

'""""

!::J

PHc. 7.4. BH.!l 3anpoca, pa3pa6oTaHHoro B pexrnMe KOHCTPYJCTOpa B0,11,HTbCH B ampaBHTHOM nopH,11,Ke, a 3HaqeHHe no.JUI )l(HO BbIB0,11,HTbCH Ha 3KpaH .

CeMecmp He ,11,oJI-

.[\.Jul BbIIIOJIHeHHH 3a,11,aHHbIX ycJIOBHH rrpH KOHCTPYHPOBaHHH BBe,11,eHhI cJie,JzyIOIIIHe napaMeTPbI Jarrpoca: B CTpOKe Copmup06KQ JJ)IH no.JUI <l>HO- nopH,11,0K COpTHPOBKH «ITO B03paCTaHHIO~;

B CTPOKe YCJ106ue om6opa JJ)IH no.JUI CeMecmp - ycJIOBHe «BeceHHHH»; B CTPOKe YCJ106ue om6opa ,IJ,IDI no.JUI KPII - ycJIOBHe «>0», 03Haqa10I11ee, qTO B 3TOM none q11CJIO qacoB, OTB0,11,HMblX Ha BblnOJIHeHHe KYPCOBoil: pa6oTbI, ,11,oJDKHo 6bITb 6oJibllle tty.JUI; B CTPOKe Bb16oo na 3Kpan OTMeHeH BbIBOA 3HaqeHHH noJIH CeMecmp. B rrpouecce KOHCTPYHpoBaHHH Janpoca MO:>KHO npoH3BO,IJ,HTh nposepKY ero BhlnOJIHeHHH . .[\.Jul 3Toro ,11,ocTaToqHo IIIeJIKttyTb MhIWbIO no KHOnKe BhIIIOJIHeHHH Janpoca Ha natteJIH HHCTPYMeHTOB. Mhl paccMQTPeJIH reXHonorHIO co3,IJ,aHHH JaIIpoca Ha Bb16opKY. TexHOJIOIIDI rrpoeKTHpoBaHHH ,11,pyrHX BH,11,0B JanpocoB aHaJIOrH:qHa. 0KHO ,IJ,JIH Bhl6opa BH,11,a Janpoca noKaJaHo Ha p11c. 7.5. Ilo OKOH'laHHH KOHCTPYHPOBaHHH 3anpoc tteo6xo,11,HMO JaKphITh, wemrnys no COOTBeTCTBYJOWeil KHOilKe OKHa KOHCTPyicropa. IlpH 3TOM

M1crosofl Access ~al\n

•

119 f3

!}paei-,a j1'1 Bcr~r;a ~ ~ QkHO !;~a

;J. I

- --=----.::.....;·

°to

,i..,,.,.

e.,.

@~-·

1i - -.......... ~nrr., ! ,C03Qa-Me Ta6JHu,t KOHC 1:J '7°! Q.6tmneHMe

:::;6"'

::.1•1.u--

'----=')(!

\:l,Qa)Jefil.;e

PHc. 7.5. OKHo Bbl6opa au.n:a Jarrpoca OTKpOeTC.R .UH<lJIOfOBOe OKHO, B KOTOPOM 6y.ueT rrpe,U.TIO)l(eHO 33,UaTb ttwi: 3arrpocy.

IlpaeHJia COCTaBJieHHJI yCJIOBHH oT6opa ABHHWX. IlpH 33,UaHHH ycJIOBHH oT6opa .uaHHbIX Heo6XO.UHMO co6mo.uaTb CJie.uyiorn;He rrpaBHJia:

Ilepe.u BBO.UHMblM 3HaqeHHeM TeKCTOBOfO ( CHMBOJibHOfO) IIOJI.R

,UOJI)l(eH CTOHTb 3HaK = .

BBO.UHMaH CTpOKa CHMBOJIOB ,UOJI)l(Ha 3aKJIIOqaTbC.R B KaBbNKH

(ecJIH Bbl 3a6bIJIH .uattttoe rrpaBHJIO, Access BhIIIOJIHHT ero caMa).

MaTeMaT}fqecme ycnoBHH Bb16opKH orrpe.ueJIHIOTCH H3BeCTHhIMH

orrepaTopaMH cpaBHeHHH

=, <>, <, >, < =, > = . KpoMe

Toro, MOryT

Between, In, Like. 4. IlpH COCTaBJieHHH YCJIOBHH BbI6opKH B IIOJIHXJ(ama/BpeMR MOryT

rrp11MeHHThCH crreu11aJibHbie orrepaTOpbI cpaBHeHHH

rrpHMeHHTbCH <PYHKUHH, rrpHBe,UeHHbie B Ta6JI. 7.1, KOTOpbie rrpH coCTaBJieHHH 3arrpoca BBOMTCH KaK BblqHcJIHeMhie IIOJIH. EcJIH tteo6xo.UHMO BbI6paTb JaIIHCH, oTBeqaiorn;He O.UHOBpeMeHHO HeCKOJlbKHM rrapaMeTpaM, T. e. 3HalJeHHHM HCCKOJibKHX IIOJieif, ':ITO

H (AND), YCJ10Bue om6opa.

COOTBeTCTByeT JIOf}fqeCKOMY ycJIOBHIO

TO COOTBeTCTBYIO-

rn;He 3HaqeHHH BBOMTCH B CTpOKY

Ecmr Bb16op 3arrH-

ceU: Heo6XO.UHMO rrpOH3BCCTH no 3HaqeHHHM HeCKOJibKHX IIOJieH, CBH3aHHbIM HCKJIIOqaIOIIJ;HM OTHOIIICHHCM

If.Jiff (OR),

TO COOTBCTCTBYIO-

rn;He 3HalJeHHH BBOMTC.R B HqCHKH CTpOKH HAU. Beo.u ycJIOBHH OT6opa .uaHHbIX Herrocpe.ucTBeHHO B CTpOKH KOHCTpyicropa 3arrpocoe peKOMeH)lyeTC.R rrpOl13BO.UHTb rrpH KOHCTpYJIPOBa-

Ta6n11:1.1,a 7.1 <l>y111m1111, np11MenJ1eMble ,!l)IJI 38,!J,aHllJI CBOHCTB HJlll ycJIOBHH Bbl60pKH B DOJIJIX THDa

J(ama/8peMH

3ttaqe.HJ1e

Cl>YHKUIDI

Day

YcnrnaBJIHBaeT ycJIOBHe BhI6opKH no q11:cnaM Mec511.1, B ,[(Hamt30He OT 1 ,[(0 31

Month

YcTitHaBJIHBaeT ycnoBHe BhI6opKH no Mec511.1,aM B .[(Hana3oHe OT 1 .IJ.O 12

Year

y CTaHaBJIHBaeT ycJIOBHe BhI60pKH no fO,[(aM B ,[(Hana30He OT 1()() .[(0 9999

Weekday

y CTitHaBJIHBaeT YCJIOBHe Bhl60pKH no ,[(H51M He,[(eJIH OT 1 (BOCiq>eCeHh51) ,[(O 7 (cy660Thl)

Hour

y CTaHaBJIHBaeT YCJIOBHe Bhl60pKH no qacaM CYTOK OT 0 ,[(0 23

Datepart q mm ww y CTilHaBJIHBaeT ycJIOBHe Bhl60pKH COOTBeTCTBeHHO no HOMepaM KBapnlJIOB H He,[(eJih ( q rrpHHHMaeT 3HaqeffH51 OT 1 ,[(0 4, a WW - OT 1 ,[(0 53) Date()

YcTitHaBJIHBaeT TeKYmYIO .IJ.aTY KaK ycnoBHe Bh16opKH (HanpHMep, ycJIOBHe <Date()-15 03HaqaeT, qro 6Y.IJ.YT BhI6paHhl Bee 3anHCH, ,[(aTa KOTOphIX MeHhIIIe TeKYil.l,eH Ha 15.IJ.Heif)

HMM IIOCTOHHHhIX 3arrpocoB. Tip11 KOHCTPYHPOBaHMM rrapaMeTp11qeCKHX 3arrpocoB BBO,U ycJIOBHM OT6opa ,UaHHhIX peKOMeH,UyeTCH rrpOM3BO,UHTh qepe3 <t>opMhl.

KoHCTPYHPOBaHHe nepeKpecTHLIX 3anpocoe.

TiepeKpecTHhre Jarrpo-

ChI, pe3yJihTaTOM BhIIIOJIHeHMH KOTOphIX HBJIHIOTCH Kpocc-Ta6JIHJ:J;hl, r.i;eJiecoo6pa3HO co3,naBaTh ,UJIH aHaJIM3a q11cJIOBhIX rroJieM:. Harrp11Mep, He06XO,UMMO pa3pa60TaTh 3arrpoc, KOTOphIM II03BOJIHJI 6hI Ha OCHOBe Ta6JIMIJ;hl, CTPYKTYPa KOTOpoM: IIOKa3aHa Ha pMC.

7.6,

IIOCMOTpeTh q11c-

JIO qacoB Jia6opaTOpHhIX pa6oT' rrpOBO,UMMhIX B pa3JiwqHhIX rpyrrrrax KruK,UhIM rrperro,naBaTeJieM.

B pe3yJihTaTe

BhIIIOJIHeHMH 3arrpoca rroJiyqaIOT ,UMHaMwqecKYIO Ta6-

JIMIJ;Y (p11c. 7.7), B KOTOpoM: B 5.1qeM:Kax CTOJI6r.i;a

<PHO 3arr11caHhl

MHJIMH H HHHIJ;HaJihl rrperro,naBaTeJIH, q11CJIO CTOJI6IJ;OB

I'pynna N pMC.

7.6,

<t>a-

I'pynna 1 ...

COOTBeTCTByeT q11cJiy rpyrrrr B Ta6JIMIJ;e, rrpMBe,UeHHOM Ha a IIO,UIIHCh K<DK)J,Oro CTOJI6r.i;a -

TaKHM o6pa3oM, rroJie

<PHO

HaMMeHOBaHMIO rpyIIIIhl.

B 06e11x rn6JI11r.i;ax MMeeT o,n11HaK0Boe

Ha3HaqeHMe. 3HaqeHMH 3Toro IIOJIH B Kpocc-Ta6JIMIJ;e Ha3bIBaIOT 3aroJIOBKOM CTpOKH. Ha3BaHMH cToJI6r.i;oB Kpocc-Ta6JIMIJ;hI HBJIHIOTCH 3HaqeHMHMM rroJIH

I'pynna Ha p11c. 7.6. B 5.[qeM:Kax CTOJI6r.i;oB r<:pocc-Ta6JIHIJ;hr 3arrHCaHhI qachr,

TeKCTOBbli1 TeKCToel:>IH TeKCToebii

!llaMH1111S'1 i.1,Q, ~Aa6aTeJm

Tet::noeb!H

"ocetttt11HM 11J111 "eecet-11111.... HaHMetto6aHl1e A11CLV'l'llfft:>I Y4e6tt1>1H nnatt Ho11ep 111111 HOMepa rpynn e noToKe

3atiHMaeMM! AOfl)l(H()(lb UJTl!ITHbf1 Hfl1 COF:ll'EC1l1Te11:>

TeKCToebiH

Tet<CToebi1 TeKCTCleb!H

411c.noeoH

KOm146CTBO 4aC06

411cnoe°'1

K0ttcynbTa1v111 fla6opaTOpHble pa60Tbl

Y11cnoeo?i '-IHCJIOBOi:i

npaKTl14eCK"16 3.!!IHATl-m

Y11cnoeoi1

Kypc°"oe 1'l'06KTHpoea1111e

......... """'.....

r'AMnrTrl<>T,.nhM""" n...finT,.

CeMte.anonA

l.!Mcno 3HdKOO cnpaea OT

IE 3Ha'leHHe no YMOJNaH111Q

Coo&uetttte o6 OUM61<e 06snaTerbt10e none lllHAeto:~none

~s~e)ttacie~ie"Aato" Aime~ /1elll(MHTB KM8t!W'( fl

Het Het

KOHCTPYKTop. F6- nepeKJU<J4eHl'le OKOH. Fl ... C11P"'a¥a.

~n9c•

l";il Si ~ tl

PHc.

ACCQT114110f0 pa:Merw.neni:1.

A1m a'l~TtNeCKoro onpeAenet-tHQ <.fHCM AP06tt>tx

YCll<.r8ttetta~

"'-""

I €JIY~ . j ~4=• 3·

c,,.,P~•

©-Po1_0.1!1ITJH..-,,.....

-~ ll!:0~~ moo

7.6. IlpHMep CTpYKTYIJhI Ta6JIHU:hI wrn aHaJIH3a 3arpy3KH npeno)J.aBaTeJieH

T. e. 3HaqeHIDI, KOTOpbie )l)UI KIDK,Uoro npeno,n;aBaTeIDI yi<:a3aHbI B none

Jla6bl. YqHThIBaH, qTo qucno 3anHce:H: ,n;JIH Ka)l()J;oro npeno,n;aBaTem1 B Ta6m1ue Hacpy3KQ COOTBeTCTByeT KOJIHqeCTBY qHTaeMbIX HM ,D;HCUHITJIHH, Heo6xo,n;HMO B 51qeff:KH Kpocc-Ta6JIHUbI 3ami:caTb CYMMapHOe q}ICJIO Jia6opaTOpHbIX 3aHHTHH, npOBO,D;HMbIX B KIDK,UOH rpynne no BCeM ,D;HCUHITJIHHaM. Ilocne,n;oBaTeJibHOCTb co3,n;aHID1 nepeKpecTHoro Janpoca npaKTH'leCKH He OTJI11qaeTCH OT TeXHonor1111 KOHCTPYHPOBaHIDI JanpocoB, OITHCaHHOH paHee. ,[VIH Haqana npoeKTHpoBaHIDI TaKOfO 3anpoca Heo6xo,n;HMO Bb16paTb pe)i(JilM ero co3,n;aHID1, Hanp11Mep KoHcmpyKmop HJIH IlepeKpecmHbtii. 3anpoc. Ilp11 Bb16ope pe)!(J1Ma KoHcmpyKmop Heo6xo,n;11Mo B Memo 3anpoc meJIKHYTb MbllllbIO no KHOITKe IlepeKpeCTHbIH, npH 3TOM OKHO KOHCTPYKTOpa Janpoca np11MeT BH.n;, noKa3aHHbIH Ha pHc. 7.8. <1>110

c.c. IleTpoB n.n.

CH.ll.OPOB

PHc.

...

fpyrma l

fpyrma 2

fpyrma N

7.7. CTpyicrypa Kpocc-Ta6JIHU:bI «Pacnpe)J.eJieHHe qacos Jia6opaTOpHhIX pa6oT no yqe6HhIM rpynnaM»

- fl 2_~+

a~a

ID· 1ii1

6.i.u

lt I""-

•

eJi'_ ti:i<!ll· (]) •

........~-"~~""-~~~~~~~~~~~~.....1 - Cl

PHc. 7.8. OKim KOHCTPYlfPOBaHJUI rrepeKPeCTHoro 3a.1Ipoca

AC!l-3-59.AC AC!r+46n AC!o!-2·71 A

PHc. 7.9. PeJyJibTilT BblIIOJIHCHIDI rrepeKPCCTHoro Jarrpoca

8CTj8i<a ~ ~ .Q.KHO ~a

06paTHM BHHMaHHe Ha TO, qTO B nepeKpeCTHOM Janpoce ,ll;OJDKHbl 6b!Tb TpH noJUI. 0.n;Ho none npe.n;CTaBJI5IeT co6oH: JaronOBKH CTpOK, 1nopoe none onpe.n;eJUieT JaronoBKH cTon6u:os, a TpeTbe none .n;oJDKHo co.n;ep)l(aTh 3HaqeHHe COOTBeTCTB)'lOll.lero noJUI HCXO,ll;HOH Ta6nHU:bl. B paCCMOTpeHHOM npHMepe ,ll.IDI nepBblX .n;Byx noneH: B CTpOKe KOHCTPYKTOpa I'pynno6aR onepau,Wl BhI6paH napaMeTp I'pynnupo6Ka, a ,ll.IDI rpeThero noJUI Jla6bl Ja,u:aH napaMeTp Sum (CYMMHpoBaHHe). Ha pHc. 7.9 noKaJaH peJynhTaT BhlnonHeHIDI 3Toro Janpoca. qHcno CTpOK B Janpoce paBHO qHCJIY 3HaqeHHH noJUI <PHO. 06paTHM BHHMaHHe Ha cne.n;yiomee. B Hcxo.n;HoH: Ta6nHu;e Hazpy3Ka qffCno JaTIHceH: ,ll.IDI o.n;Horo npeno.n;asaTeJUI MO)l(eT 6hITb 6onbIIIe e.n;HHHU:hl H JaBHCHT OT •-rncna qmaeMI>IX .n;HCU:HTIJIHH. IlpH BhlnOnHeHHH rpynnOBOH onepaUHH I'pynnup06KQ Bee JanHCH cl>opMHp)'lOTCR no cl>aMHJIIDIM npeno.n;aBaTene:H: B O,ll;HY CTpOKY. .AHaJIOfliqHble .n;e:H:CTBIDI npOH3BO,wITCR ,ll.IDI noJUI I'pynna.

7 .4.

ABTOM8TH38l-'HH pac'leTOB c nOMOll.lblO 3anpocoa

0.n;HHM HJ npHMeqarenhHhIX cso:H:cTB CYE,ll Access RBJUieTcH BOJMO)l(HOCTh aBTOMaTHJaU:HH paJJiffqHOro po.n;a BhNHcneHHH. HanpHMep, npou;ecc nepecqeTa u;eHhl TOBapa B py6JIHX Ha .n;eHe)l(Hbie 3KBHBaJieHThI B HHOCTpaHHbIX BaJilOTax. TaKHe pacqeTbl Heo6xo.n;HMbl B ToproBOH 11 cPHHaHCOBOH .n;eRTenhHOCTH npe.n;npHRTHH. Ilpou;ecc BblqHcneHHH c npHMeHeHHeM JanpOCOB OCHOBaH Ha C03,ll;aHHH cneu;HaJibHOfO pacY.eTHOfO noJUI npH KOHCTpYHPOBaHHH Janpoca. 3TOT cnoco6 cne.n;yeT npHMeHRTb B Tex cnyqaHX, Kor.n;a B HCXO,ll;HOH ra6nHu;e He npe.n;ycMoTpeHo pacqeTHoe none. TaKoe none MO)l(HO co3.n;aTh npH KOHCTpYffpOBaHHH Janpoca B pe)l(HMe KoHcmpyKmop, ,ll.IDI Y.ero Heo6xo.n;HMO BbITIOnHHTb cne.n;yiomHe .n;e:H:CTBIDI: ==> cocTaBHTh Janpoc B pe)l(HMe KoHcmpyKmop; ==> YCTaHOBHTb KYPCOp B nocne.n;HlOlO gqe:HKY CTpOKH Jlo!le H aKTHBH3HpOBaTb KOHTeKCTHOe MeHlO, menKffYB npaBOH KHOnKOH MbIIIIH ==> B nOHBHBIIIeMCR OKHe aKTHBH3HpOBaTb KOMaH.n;y Jlocmpoumb, B pe3ynhTaTe BbITIOnHeHIDI KOTOpo:H OTKpoeTCR OKHO nOCTpOHTeJUI BbIpaxeHHH, Ha OCHOBaHHH )'Ka3aHHH KOTOporo CTpOHTCR BbipaxeHHe .n;JUI pacqeTa. IlycTb, HanpHMep, HyxHO BblqHcnHTb JaTIJiaHHPOBaHHYIO Harpy3KY npeno.n;asareJUI no npe.n;MeTaM Ja seceHHHH ceMeCTp (p11c. 7.10). B 3TOM Janpoce HJ Ta6nHU:hl BhI6HpaeM TOnhKO TpH nomI: <!>HO, CeMecmp, JlpeiJMem. ,llanee, noMeCTHB KYPCOp B CTpOKY Jlo!le qernepTOro CTOn6u:a KOHCTpYKTOpa, 3a,u:a,u:HM HMH pacqeTHOMY non10: Koll. "IOC06 no npeiJMemy. 3areM, Bbl3BaB noCTpOHTenb BbipaxeHHH (pHC. 7.11), coCTaBHM pacqeTH)'lO cl>opMyny, CYMMHPYIDlllYID JHaqeHIDI Bcex qHcnoBhIX noneH:. 3Ty cPOPMYJIY noMeCTHM B pacqeTHoe none Janpoca. Ha pHc. 7 .12 noKaJaH peJynhTaT BhITIOnHeHIDI Janpoca.

-!pix~ J.,..,.. C_.c ll""° ~no-•

..., @· &ii 3anpoc2

! 'b

3anpoc H

PHc. 7.10. KoHCTPYK'fOP JanpocoB c pacqeTHhIM noJieM

1 Kon ~OB no llJeAMiny:

;.':fi[~1ilc~~~=jl~i:::j'(na6bl]+{HarpY'fCa]l[n3}+{1-WpylKa]l(KPn)+{Ha.-py3Ka]![\.f))+{Harp

-2

e.aw+e CJ_,pym CJOtuH6to! &T'18Kl1 Cl npenoAeieare111 LlceMeCTpbl

CJ CneuHari>Hocn1 Ka¢JeAPb1 Ll'lo<bo _ CJ 41TaeMMe Kypcbl

PHc.

I BcTfO>ffb I ~""""· I !:!a>OA

Aoo

Wrar Ce..eCTp f\leAMeT

Y<ilMH

rpynna

KOH< ""'""" ,,_

ra KPf1

.=.J""

7.11. OKHo nocTpOHTellil BhipIDKemui: .LI.IDI <t>opMHPOBaHIDI pacqeTHoro IlOJUl

OTMeHa

.=.J

!lJJ.l..:J .~.L:J..d~2.l AFld I °' [Not ILd<o IJ.lJJ c:JTMiJ111Ut>1 CJ na6opo,_ _,.

C25:]

0 x

- 0 x

nplAKflaaHblB nporpB.MMHbl0 CIACT8Mbl

CTOHK1At-1TMO

Pu:c. 7.12. Pe3yJibTaT BbIIIOJIHeHIDI 3arrpoca

TaKHM o6pa30M, B pe3yJibTare BbmoJIHeHllil 3arrpoca pacc'IHTilHo CYMMapHoe KOJIWieCTBO 'IaCOB no KIDK,llOMy npe,Ll,Me'I)'' KOTOpbIH ne.uer KOHKpeTHbIH npeno.uaBaTeJib. 06pan1re BHHMaHlie, 'ITO B BbIBe,Ll,eHHOH Ha 3KpaH .UHHaMWieCKOH Ta61mu:e OTCyTCTByeT none CeMecmp, TaK KaK B oKHe KOHCTPYKTOPa 3anpocoB 6hma c.uenatta coOTBeTCTBYJOillasl OTMetta. 7.5. 06L14Me cee,qeHMst o CTPYKTYPMpoeaHHOM st3b1Ke aanpocoa SQL MbI paccMoTpeJIH Texttonormo co3,Ll,aHHH pa3JIH'IHhIX 3anpocon c npHMetteHHeM KOHCTPYKTOpa 3anpocon. O.uttaKo BhIITOJIHeHHe mo6oro 3anpoca OCYI11eCTBJU1eTcH SQL-nporpaMMOH, KOTopas:c aBTOMaT11'1ecKH co3,n:aeTCH B npou.ecce KOHCTPYHPOBaHHH. lfro6h1 noHHTh, 'ITO rrpe,Ll,CTaBJUleT co6oll: 3Ta nporpaMMa, ,Ll,OCTaTO'IHO npOCMOTPeTb 3anpoc He B pe)l(Jt:Me K01tcmpyKmop, a B pe)l(Jt:Me SQL. B Ka'IeCTBe npHMepa paccMOTPHM 3anpoc Ha <l>opMHposattHe Harpy3KH npeno.uasaTeJUI c pac'IeTHbIMH nOJUIMH no HTOraM H CTaBKe (pHc. 7.13). Ha pHc. 7.13, a rroKaJaHa qacTh 3arrpoca c ycnoBHeM oT6opa ,n:aHHbIX ITO 3Ha'IeHH10 IIOJUI <PHO H3 <t>opMbI, a Ha pHC. 7.13, 6 qacTb 3arrpoca c pac'IeTHhIMH IlOJUIMH. EcJIH npocMOTPeTb 3TOT 3anpoc B pe)l(Jt:Me SQL, TO B oKHe KOHCTPYKTOpa 3anpoca noHBHTCH TeKcT SQL-nporpaMMbI (pHc. 7.14).

~c-.-,.------------------ ----~~------------·------~

.f.i-Jl.•.,

[1!>08l(a §"'1 Bctpca

J.vex

(.;ptMC .Q11.ii0 !;,npaet:.a

., @· ! 'br

El· liil

Bee

·~-IO~-

G).

flo"8.

"""

lilPtR Ta61Hlbl: Har

~~~~~: l-------~--------1--~~--1--~---+---...-f Yc.no!ot11"1 or6opa·

[Forms]'(l"W~a )l:a4>eAJ>bl]'[rlo.neCoCrl1ocOMO]

a _n x ~~ flpaew.a f!:1>11l Bcr.Qt1-11.a

3anQoc Q:pe;i.1C Qt:HO CnPasKa

Cl • liil

•O

Ii' Harpy3KO npenon.aecnenA

@ •

o"' L

Bee

3dnpoc Ha 01>16op"'IJ

•

KOHC

na&.I

Cn~Ka:

: '

11~13

639

~ra6~bl

~::~;;:1--~~--+--~---1----~-----1-----~-----1 Ycnoette:oT6opa:

6 PHc. 7.13. ,Ll;Ba <t>parMeHTa (a, 6) Janpoca Ha BbI60pKY

~M1c1o sof1Access

- - - - - - --~

CT ~a.dJHo, HarpY'Ka.Aon, Harpy,..;a.CeHeCTp, Kaf'"pyllCa.~AMeT, Harpy)Ka.rpyrl"la, liat'"py!Ka.J1etau.M, HarpyllCa.KoHc, .na&.I, Har"p'f31Ka.ra, HarP'f"(a.Km, Harpy»>:a.W', HarpyJKa.3'::3, Harpy!Ka.3a'-41 liarpylKa./JSJ_BHA, lleKw1H}t{Kotte}t{lla6t>i}+{n3}+[Km}t{W'}+{3ta}t{3.7-i]+{Ap_BHA) AS litl'oro, [Hrorol1'568.639 AS Craeita

OM-a

(((.......,,.•....,>-!Foon>J![""""""• •+-J1[flanoCaCnHa<,,..,D);

rorooo

PHc. 7.14. OKHo KOHC'fPYJCTOpa 3anpoca B pe)KHMC SQL

MHCTPYKUIDI ( orrepaTOp) SELECT .SIBIDieTC.SI .smpoM .Sl3bIKa. Otta rrpHMeIDieTC.SI )J,]UI Bb16opa rroJieH: :U3 Ta6JI:UUbI BL(. B .aaHHOM np:uMepe rrepe'IHCJieHbI Bee rroJUI Ta6JIHUbI Haepy31w (cM. p:uc. 7.6), KOTOpb1e 6bIJI:U BBe.aeHbI B Janpoc. Ilpe,ll)IoxeH:ue FROM .11BJU1eTc.11 qacTbIO HHCTPYKUHH :u CJI}')KHT ,lJ)I.SI orrpe,n:eneHm1 :ucToqHHKa ,n:aHHbIX Janpoca (Ta6JIHUbI HJIH Janpoca). B ,n:aHHOM c.rryqae 3TO Ta6nHua Haepy3Ka. Ilpe,ll)Ioxett:ue WHERE ycTaHaBJI:uBaeT ycnoBIDI oT6opa ,n:aHHbIX np:u BblIIOJIHeH:u:u Janpoca. B ,n:aHHOM rrpe,ll)Ioxett:u:u yx:aJaHo, qTo ycJioB:ueM oT6opa ,n:aHHbIX HBJUleTC.SI 3HaqeHHe TIOJUI <!>HO, paBHOe 3HaqeHmo, BBe,n:eHHOMY B IloAeCoCnucKoMO <l><>PMbI Haepy3Ka Ka<jJeiJpbt. B o6iueM B:u,n:e c:uHTaKc:uc :UHCTPYKUHH SELECT MOXHO on:ucaTb cneJzyIOW::UM o6pa3oM: SELECT [ALL] (cn:ucoK rrone:H Ta6JI:UUbI HJI:U Janpoca); FROM (cn:ucoK Ta6n:uu HJI:U JanpocoB, Ha ocHoBe KOTOpbIX $opMHpyeTCH Jarrpoc); WHERE (ycnoBIDI oT6opa ,n:aHHMX); GROUP BY (cn:ucoK none:H, BhIBOA:UMblX B pe3yJibTaT BbIITOJIHeHIDI 3anpoca); HAYING (ycnoB:ua ,lJ)I.SI rpynrr:upoBKH ,n:aHHbIX B Janpoce); ORDER BY (cn:ucoK rrone:H, no KOTOpbIM ynop.smoq:uBaeTca BbIBOA .n:aHHbIX B 3anpoce). B paccMOTPeHHOR CTPYKTYPe HHCTPYKUHH SELECT:

ALL -

KmoqeBoe CJIOBO, KOTopoe OJHaqaeT, qTo B peJyJihTMpyio-

rn;MH: Ha6op 3aTIMCe:ti: BKJIIOqaJOTCH Bee 3aTIMCM Ta6JIMUhl MJIM Janpoca, KOTOpb1e y.uoBJieTBopHIOT ycJIOBMHM Janpoca; DISTINCT - KJI10qeBoe cJioBo, KOTopoe OJHaqaeT, qTo B peJyJih™PYJOll.J;MH Ha6op JanMceH: He BKJIJOqaJOTCH IlOBTOpHlOll.J;MeCH 3aITMCM Ta6JIMUhI MJIM Janpoca.

Ta6n1n.i;a 7.2

OnepaTopbI onpe,ll.eJieHIUI ,ll.aHHblX Orreparop

HaJHa'leirne

CREATE TABLE

Co3,1J.aeT HOBYJO Ta6nmzy E,LJ;

DROP TABLE

Y,n;aJIHeT Ta6nmzy H3 E,LJ;

ALTER TABLE

M3MeHHeT CTPYJCTYPY cymecTByiomeil: Ta6JIHl.J;bl HJIH orpaHl{qeHIDI QeJIOC1HOCTH, 3a)J;aruteMble .u;IDI Hee

CREATE VIEW

C03.n;aeT BHJYIYaJihH)'IO Ta6Jimzy, coOTBeTCTBYJOw;yio HeKoropoMY SQL-3anpocy

ALTER VIEW

M3MeHHeT pattee co3,!l;aHHoe npe,n;cTaBJieHHe

DROP VIEW

Y.n;aJIHeT paHee co3)1;aHHoe npe,n;cTaBJieHHe

CREATE INDEX

COJ.n;aeT HH.D;eKc .u;IDI HeKoropoil: Ta6JIHl.J;hl c QeJibIO o6ecneqeHHH 6bIC'lpOfO )J;OC'fYIIa K Heil: no COOTBeTCTB)'IOI.UHM a'lpH6yraM

DROP INDEX

Y.n;aJIHeT paHee cOJ.n;aHHhIH HH.D;eKc Ta6JIHQa 7.3

OnepaTopbl MaennyJinponaelUI ,1J.aeeblMH Orreparop

HaJHa'leirne

DELETE

Y.n;aJIHeT o.u;ey HJIH HeCKOJihKO CTPQK, cooTBeTCTB)'IOI.UHX yCJIOBHHM cpHJih'lpal.J;HH, H3 6a30BOH Ta6JIH1.J;hl. Ero npMMeHeHHe cornacyeTCH c npHHl.J;HilaMH IlOMep.lKKH QeJIOC1HOCTH, Il03TOMY OH He BCer.u;a MO)J(eT 6bITh BbIIlOJIHeH KoppeKTHo, )J;a)J(e eCJIH CHHTaKCl{qeCKH 3aDHCaH npaBHJlhHO

INSERT

BcTaBJIHeT o.u;ey CTPOKY B 6aJoByio Ta6JIHey. ,LJ;onyCTHMhl ero MO)J;HcpHKal.J;HH, nepeHOCHI.UHe cpa3y HeCKOJihKO C'lpOK H3 O.D;HOH Ta6JIHl.J;hl HJIH Janpoca B .u;pyryio

UPDATE

06HOBJIHeT 3Ha'leHHH O.D;HOfO HJIH HeCKOJihKHX CTOJI6l.J;OB B O.D;HOH HJIH HeCKOJlhKHX C'lpOKaX, COOTBeTCTBYIOI.UHX ycJIOBHHM cpHJib'lpaQHH

Ta6n11ua 7.4

OnepaTOp 1anpocoa Orreparop

SELECT

Ha:ma'leHHe

3aMeIDieT BCe oneparopbI peJUIIJ,HOHHOH anre6pbl H Il03BOJUieT c¢iopMHpOBllTh pe3yJibTHpyiomee ornornett11e, cooTBeTCTBYJOIIJ,ee 3anpocy

Ta6n11ua 7.5

Oneparopw ynpllBJieHBJI ,11;eiiCTBHJ1MH (TPaB3~B) Orreparop

Ha3Ha'leHHe

CCOMMIT

3a:eepwaeT KOMilJleKCHYJO B3aHMOCIDl3aHH)'IO o6pa6oncy HH¢iopMall,HH, ofu.e.ZJ;HHeHH)'IO B 'lpaH3aKIJ,HIO

ROLLBACK

OTMeHSieT H3MeHeHHH, npoBe,11;eHHb1e B xo,11;e BbIIIOJIHeHIDI 'lpaH3aKIJ,HH

SAVEPOINT

CoxpaHSieT npoMe:xcyTO'IHOe COCTORHHe B,ll; H IlOMe'laeT ero, 'IT06bI MO:>KHO 6bIDO B ,ZJ;aJibHeHweM K HeMY BepttyTuCR Ta6n11ua 7.6

OnepaTopw a.ZJ;MBBHCTpapoaaeu ,11;auuwMH Orreparop

HaJHa'leHHe

ALTER DATABASE

lfaMeIDieT Ha6op OCHOBHbIX 06'be!CTOB B 6a3e )1.aHHbIX H orpaHH'leHHH, KaCaIOIIJ,HXCR BCeH 6a3bI JJ.aHHbIX

ALTER DBAREA

lfaMeHSieT paHee C03JJ.aHHYJO o6nacTu xpatteHHR

ALTER PASSWORD

lfaMeHSieT rrapOJib)J,JIR BCeH 6a3bl )1,aHHbIX

CREATE DATABASE

Co3)1,aeT HOBYJO 6a3y )1,aHHbIX

CREATE DBAREA

Co3)1.aeT HOBYJO o6nacTu xpatteHIDI 6a3bI JJ.aHHbIX

DROP DATABASE

YJJ.anReT 6a3y JJ.aHHbIX

DROP DBAREA

YJJ.anReT o6nacTuxpatteHHR 6a3bI JJ.aHHbIX

GRANT

IlpeJJ.OCTaBJIReT rrpaBll JJ.OCTYfia K 6a3e JJ.aHHbIX HJIH OT)J,eJibHblM ee 3JieMeHTaM

REVOKE

JI11rnaeT rrpasa JJ.OCTYfia K 6a3e JJ.aHHbIX HJIH OT)J,eJibHbIM ee 3JieMeHTaM

Ta6nuua 7.7

Oueparopw yupaB.JieHHJI Orreparop

HaJHaqeHHe

DECLARE

Onpe,ll,eJU1eT icypcop ,!l;JUl Janpoca, 3a,!J,aeT HMH H onpe,ll,em1eT CfillJaHHhlH c HHM Janpoc K fi)l,

OPEN

0n<pbIBaeT icypcop H o6beKT 6a.3bI ,ll,aHHhlX

FETH

YcTilHaBJIHBaeT icypcop Ha onpe.D.eJieffHYIO JaDHCb H cqHTblBaeT ee

3aiq>LIBaeT icypcop H o6beKT 6a.3bl ,ll,aHHblX

PREPARE

feHCPHPYCT IlJiaH BhlllOJIHCHIDI 3allpoca B COOTBCTCTBHH c HHC'lp}'Kl.l,HCit SELECT

EXECUTE

BhlllOJIIDICT creHepupoBaHHhlit pattee Janpoc

KJnoqeehle cJioea Moryr OTCyrcTBOeaTh B 3anpoce. CrpyicrypHpOBaHHhrlt R3hIK 38.IIpOCOB SQL RBJIRercR o6hNHhIM R3hlKOM rrporpaMMHPOBaHIDI, COCTORillHM H3 orrepaTopoe H rrpaeHJI «rpaMMaTHKH•. B Ta6JI. 7.2 ... 7.7 rrpHBe,neHhI rpymihl orreparopoe SQL B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT xapaKTepa BhIIIOJIHReMhlX ,neHCTBHH. KoHTponbHble eonpocb1

1. KaxoBbI Ha.3HaqeHHe H BH,ll,bI 3allpocOB, pa.3pa6aTbIBaeMbIX B CY.6)1, Access? 2. B qeM COCTOHT OTJiffqHe IlOCTOHHHOfO 3anpoca OT 3anpoca napaMeTpHqecKoro? 3. KaKOBO Ha3Haqettue nepeKPCCTHOro 3anpoca? 4. KaKHe Bbl 3HaeTe THnhl 3anpocoa no BbIIlOJIHHeMhlM ,ll,eHCTBHHM? 5. KaKoBa nocJie,ll,oBaTeJibHOCTb ,ll,eHCTBHH npH KOHCTpyupoaaHHH 3anpocoa B CY.6)1, Access? 6. KaKOBhl npaBHJia BBO,ll,a ycJIOBHH oroopa ,ll,aHHhlX B TeKCTOBble IlOJUI? 7. B qeM COCTOHT pa3JluqHe Mexc;zy ycJIOBHHMH oT6opa ,ll,aHHbIX, CBH3aHHbIX OTHOWeHHHMH AND H OR? 8. YKIDKHTe Ha.3HaqeHHe cJie.nyIOI.UHX ll>YHKI.J,HH: Day, Month, Year, Date(). 9. B KaKHX cnyqaHX B 3anpocax C03,ll,aeTcH pacqeTHoe none? 10. KaKOBa IlOCJie,ll,OBaTeJibHOCTb ,ll,eHCTBHH npH C03,ll,aHHH pacqeTHoro IlOJUI B 3anpoce c npHMeHeHHeM IlOCTpOHTeJIH BhlpIDKeHHH? 11. I.fa KaKHx cnoa cocTOHT HHCTpyKI.J,HH SELECT? 12. lfa KaKHX rpynn onepaTOpOB COCTOHT H3blK SQL? 13. KaKoBo · Ha3HaqeHHe cne.D.YIOI.UHX CJIOB H3bIKa: FROM, WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY?

rnaea 8 TEXHOnon.ut PA3PA60TKM Cl>OPM B CY6,Q MICROSOFT ACCESS

8.1. Ha3Ha"leHMe ct>opM B CMCTeMax ynpaeneHMH 6a3aMM AaHHblX Co3.Ila.HHe coBpeMeHHhIX npHKJia,nHhIX nporpaMM HJIH, KaK HX HaJbIBaIOT B CHCTeMax Windows, noJib30BaTeJibCKHX npHJioxeHHH, TJ)e6yeT p3.3pa6oTKH «;:qJyx:ecTBeHHOro» HHTep<l>e:Hca noJib30BareIDI, T. e. 3$$eKTHBHhIX cnoco6oB opraHH3ainm .lUlaJIOra MeJK.llY noJib3osareJieM H KOMilhIOTepoM. 0.n;HHM H3 cnoco6oB opraHHJainm TaKOI'O .1U1aJiora HBJIJleTCH pa.Jpa60TKa <l>opM. CHCTeMa Microsoft Access npe.n;ocTaBIDieT pa.Jpa60T'IHKY npHJioxemm MOIIUlhle cpe.n;cTBa C03.Ila.HHH .llHanoroBblX <PopM cne.nyromero H3.3Ha1:1e11HH: • BBO)J; .ll8HHhIX B Ta6Jm:uhl; • BBO,!J; YCJIOBHH o6pa6onrn HH<l>oPManHH B 33IlpOChl; • opra.HH3auHH nonb3osareJibCKOro HHTep<l>eAca. <l>opMhl ,lJ;JIH BBo.n;a .n;a.HHhIX B ra6JIHUhI ,!J;OJI)J(Hhl 06ecne1:1HBaTh opramuauHIO npoue.n;yp BHeceHHH HH<l>opMaUHH, CBO,!J;HlllYIO K MHHHMyMY B03MO::>KHOCTh oum6oK oneparopa. KpoMe roro, raKHe <PopMhI .uon)f(HhI o6ecne1:1HBaTb npoBe,lleHHe 3.HaJIH3a HMeIOIUHXCH B Ta6JIHUax .n;aHHbIX. <l>opMbl ,lJ;JIH BBO,lla YCJIOBHH o6pa60TKH HH$OpMaUHH B 3anpOChl, HMeIOIUHe attanorH1:1HOe H3.3Ha'IeHHe, Il03BOIDllOT TaK)f(e KOHCTJ)YHpoBaTb 3anpocb1 6e3 npHMeHeHHH H3h1Ka SQL. <l>opMhl ,lJ;JIH opraHH3aUHH IlOJib30BaTeJihCKOro HHTep<l>e:Hca, KOTOpbie .llOJI::>KHhI 06ecne1:1HBaTh co3,llaHHe 3$$eKTHBttoro o<PopMJieHHH p3.3pa6oTaHHOH npHKJia,nttoH: nporpaMMhl, MOryT 6b1Th pa3JIH'IHOro Ha.JHa'IettHH: <l>oPMhI-3aCTaBKH, <l>oPMhI-MeHIO, KHOilO'IHble <l>oPMhl H .up.

8.2. TexHonorMH pa3pa60TKM ct>opM AnH eeo,qa ,qaHHblX B Ta6nM ...bl <l>opMbl ,lJ;JIH BBO,lla .uaHHblX, npe,llCTaBIDIIOillHe co6oH: y.uo6HbIH H HHTYffTHBHO TIOHHTHhIH HHTep<l>eH:c TIOJib30BaTeJlj{ npH pa6oTe c Ta6JIHUaMH E)l:, 06ecne'IHBa10T BhITIOJIHeHHe cJie.llYIOIUHX onepauHH:: BBO.ll 11 .uo6aBJieHHe .uaHHhIX; npOCMOTp JII06oH: 3aTIHCH; KOppeKTHPOBKY .UaHHhIX. Ha pHc. 8.1 noKa3aHa <l>opMa BBo.ua .lla.HHhIX B O.llHY H3 ra6JIHU CATIP Til «JIA3EP 2000» (cM. rn. 16). Co3,llaHHe <l>oPM ,lJ;JIH BBo.ua .uaHHhIX B Ta6JIHUhI npoH3BO.llHTCH B cne.nyiomeM nopH.IJ.Ke:

101

r -~1 l!!l[il El

!l KnaCCMIJIMKaTOP onepauMlf Ti-mbl TBXHOJlorn4ecKMX onepau11~ IC.QA BHAa pa60T

Koa nma onepaQ.MM

imm-

npocMOTp TWllOB onepaiunl

3Mwb:

r----t ..!...l!..ili!.

tt)

596

PHc. 8.1. <l>opMa BBo,n;a ,n;aHHhIX B Ta6muzy «K.riaccH<l>HKaTOp orrepauHH:»

CAflP TIT «JIA3EP 2000» ~ Bbl,lleJUITb (aKTHBH3HpOBaTb) o6'beKT

<J>opMbt

B OKHe 6a3bl )laH-

HbIX;

~ Bb16paTb KoMaH.lly Co3oamb; ~ B IIOHBHBllieMCH )lHaJIOroBOM OKHe

HOBO.JI rjJopMa

(pHC.

8.2) BbI6-

paTb Ta6muzy (H3 CIIHCKa), )lJIB KOTOpOH C03)laeTCH <t>opMa; ~ Bb16paT1> crroco6 C03.U.aHHH <t>opM1>1.

CHcTeMa Access rrpe)lJlaraeT pa3pa60T'HIKY 6a3bI .u.aHHbIX ceMb crro-

KoHcmpyKmop; Macmep rjJopM; AemorjJopMa: 6 cmo116eu,; ABmorjJopMa: 11eHmo1mOJ1; ABmorjJopMa: ma611uitHO.J1; Jjua2paMMa; CBoOHOJl ma611uu,a. co6os npoeKTHposaHHH <t>opM:

,[(JIH C03)laHHH <t>opM BBO)la )laHHbIX peKOMeH)lyeTCH npHMeHHTb cnoco6 aBTOMaTH3HpoeattHoro npoeKTHpoeaHHH <t>opM

Ma:

cmoA6eu,,

ABmorjJop-

KOTOpbIH MO))(HO cqHTaTb caMbIM pacnpocTpaHeH-

HblM npH C03)laHHH HHTep<t>ett:ca TIOJib30BaTeJIH .

cnyqae HCIIOJlb30-

BaHJ.rn 3Toro cnoco6a co3.uaHHH <t>opMbI see noJIH Ta6JIHUbI pacnonara10TcH B O)lHH CTOJI6eu, T. e. Ka))()lOe IIOJie HaxO)lHTCH B O)lHOH CTpoKe. Ilo.unHCb IIOJIH COOTBeTCTByeT 3a)laHHOMY B Ta6JIHUe HMeHH. Ha O.UHOM JIHCTe (3Kpatte) pacnonara10TcH rroJIH MH eeo.ua .uaHHbIX O)lHOH 3aIIHCH. IlonyqeHHYJO TaKHM cnoco6oM <l>OPMY MO))(HO 3aTeM .uopa6oTaTb, OTKpbIB ee B pe))(HMe KoHcmpyKmop (KoTOpbIH npHMeHHIOT TaIOKe )lJIB caMOCTOHTeJibHOfO C03)laHHH <t>opM).

102

Mocrep4>opoo ABTodK>PM&: 9 cron6ett AeT~: netfT<HtMI

ABTo¢iopKa: TaCl~

~ Cl!IO,AHaSI TalilHl,a

PHc. 8.2. 01am Bn16opa cnoco6oB co3,naHIDI «t>opM

Ta6nwrnoil <PopMe Ha O.JlHOM JIHCTe npe.ucrnBJUieTCH O.llHOBpe-

MeHHO CTOJihKO JanHceil, CKOJihKO YMeruaeTCH Ha 3KPaHe MOHHTOpa (pttc.

8.3).

IlpH 3TOM KIDK,ll,aH JaIIHCh 3aHMMaeT 0.llHY CTpOI<y.

<l>opMY-)lHarpaMMY peKOMeH)lyeTCH pa3pa6aTuIBaTb )lJIH rrpOCMOTpa Ta6JIH'IHhIX )laHHhIX B BH,ll;e pa3JIHqHhIX )lHarpaMM HJIH rpa<l>HKOB. QqeBH,ll;HO, qTo TaKHe <t>opMhl He06XO)lHMhl rrpH o6pa60TKe pe3yJihTaTOB 3KOHOMHqecKOH .neHTeJibHOCTH <l>HPMhl HJIH HayqHhIX 3KCIIePHMeHTOB.

B CBO.llHOH rn6JIHUe

o.n;HoepeMeHHO MO)l{eT 6h1Th rrpe.ucrnBJieHa HH-

<PopMaUHH H3 .llByx CBH3aHHhIX Ta6m1u, O)lHa H3 KOTOpblX cq11TaeTCH rnaBHOH, a .upyraH -

IIO)lqHHeHHOH. IlpHqeM IIO)lqHHeHHaH Ta6JIHUa

BCTpOeHa B <PopMy rnaBHOH Ta6JI11Uhl. Ha pHC.

8.4

IIOKaJaHO OKHO KOHCTpYKTOpa <PopM, COCTOHIUero HJ

CJieJlYIOIUHX 6JIOKOB: 3a20/l0801C </JopMbl., 06/lacmb iJaHHblX, JlpUMeitaHUe </JopMbl.. HaJHaqeHHe 3THX 6.rroKOB O.llHOJHaqffO orrpe.ueJUieTCH HX Ha-

3Ba.HIDIMH. PacCMOTpHM HaJHaqeHHe KOMaH)l, KOTOpbie HCIIOJih3YfOTCH IIPH KOHCTpYJ.tpOBaHHH <PopMhl.

IloJie 1

none2

none 3

IloJie 4

PHc. 8.3. Bim Ta6mNHoit «t>opMbI

103

- 0

Jf-i.

Iii li:i

'"'""""

·I

e ~ • I • 1 • I • 2 • I •3 •

1•4•

...

El~

i'el a. ijJ.

di' ",

•·!5 · •·•

I•

•·'1!5·

1 • I • t • I • 9 • I • t(I • I• U • I• 12 • I •I)• I • M •

-. I · • • I •17•

'·•

'9•

•· ...!. II

43arOJIOl!lll)r<.:{iC?'fbl

I I I I = ~.. ~... ~OT I ~+ I - Ha..,,..... .. ...i-."'-l"""""""" ~ I I - ~, I _,,,,I '! -

T~bl T~XH~or~'<eC~Hx o~e~a~H-'

#06nacn.A~

~~'"'~ I

·-

·-I l

il1MO !, ,.J-1,.. i ~

I I I I

I I I

I q-T~' !

r-·r

I I

01i.: J. ,,, 48 ;:.•.

2!1

ijh

~ g-_~,,.. [!pae1-.ei 6V41 Bcrp:a <JiClp!'JdT ~ QKMl Cl'1leKa

·_I AA •61 0 F r. P' 1'!ll ~ _, [il ~!till.=:

_:_i

Ill

•

I~ -

•l

t<.QttCTpYKT~

"'"""·' 0 Z!i ~ >"l H~Cb

IloJie

!i 14Al Tb

! l)C aeo .,,..

l;.il

--·- ,__ ,_..---.

,...,.,

IA:J Pi<JOO" ll~:i.no.........

·I

1-·

~.{~.:,1123

TiolNHHeHHaJI d>ooMa (oT'!eT) Ha6op BKJia,n;oK Pa3PblB CTP3HIU(hl

I'pynna nepeKJIIO'laTeJieti:

IloHcoe;vrneHHaJI PaMKa o6'beKTa

8bllCJllO'l3TeJlb

Cso60AHaJI p!IMKa o&beKTa

BKJIJO'lareJib

PHCYHOK

<J>JiaJKOK

KHonKa

IloJie co cnHCKOM

Cn11coK

PHc. 8.4. OKHo KOHCTPYKTOPa <l>oPM KoMa.Ii,® HaiJnucb npe.llHaJHaqeHa .llJUI BBO,na reKcra Haurrnceli B mo6oi1: 6JIOK KOHCTpyicropa <l>opM:

HIDKaTb KHOIIKY [Ha,n;IIHCb] c IIOMOIUhlO JieBOH KHOIIKH MbIIIJH

H, He OTrryCKaJI KHOIIKY MbIIIJH, IIOMeCTHTb KYPCOP B Haqano BBO,Ll;HMOfO TeKCTa;

OTrryCUITb KHOIIKY MbIIIJH H BBeCTH TeKCT (TeXHOJIOrIDI BBO.D;a

TeKCTa H ero o<PopMJieHIDI IIOJIHOCTbIO aHaJIOrHt{Hbl TeXHOJIOrHH pa60Tbl c TeKCTOM B peaaKTope Word).

II p

H M e q a H He.

)J,Jm pa3Mell(eHIDI H3,ll;I1HCH B HecKOJlhKHX crpmcax Tpe6yerc.11 B KOHUe

nepsoti: CTJ>OKH TeKCTa HaJK3Tb KJJaBHWH [Ctr!)+ [Enter) .ll)lJI BBo.n:a CHMBOJia B03BpaTa KapeTKH. B 3TOM CJIY'lae nocJie.n:yJOmHe CTJ>OKH TeKCTa 6y.n:yT aBTOMaTHqecKH nepeHoCHTbC.R, a MaKCHMaJibHaJI llIHPHHa H3.ll:IlHCH onpe.n:eJIHTC.R .llJIHHOH nepsoti: CTJ>OKH.

KHorrKH [Ilone], [Ilone co CIIHCKOM], [Crru:coK], rrpe.n;Ha3HaqeHHhle ,lJ.JUI C03.D;aHIDI COOTBeTCTBYJOillHX IIOJieH BBO.D;a aaHHbIX, HCIIOJib3YJOTCH IIPH rrpoeKTHPOBaHHH <PopM BBO.D;a )laHHbIX B 3aIIpOChl.

104

IlpH1:1eM, ecJlli <t>opMa BBOJJ.a )J.aHHhIX B Ta6muzy 6h1Jla pa3pa6oTaHa 0)1.HHM H3 aBTOMaTH':leCKHX MeTO)J.OB, TO ITO.JUI aBTOMaTH'IeCKH pa3MeIUaIOTCH B o6JiaCTH )J.aHHhIX KOHCTpyicropa <t>opM H ITOJih30BaTeJib yxe He o6pamaeTCH K 3THM KOMaH)J.aM. IlpH caMOCTOHTeJibHOM KOHCTp}'HpOBaHHH <l>opMhl BBO)J.a )J.aHHhlX B Ta6Jlll:lzy pa3MeIUeHHe ITOJie:H ITpoH3BO)J.HTCH «ITepeTaCKHBaHHeM» ITO.JUI H3 CITHCKa ITOJie:H Ta6JIHU:hI.

,llJuI 3Toro B

XO.l1.HMO aKTHBH3HpoBaTh KOMaH.lJ.Y MeHIO

coK no11eu H

pe:xrnMe

BuiJ,

KoncmpyKmop Heo6Cnu-

Bhl6paTh KOMaH.lJ.Y

H3 ITOHBHBIIIerocR B OKHe CITHCKa ITOCJie)J.OBaTeJibHO «ITe-

peTaIUHTb» ITO.JUI, pa3MeIUaH HX B o6JiaCTH )J.aHHhIX KOHCTpyicropa Ta6JIHU: (pHc.

8.5).

IIocJie)J.oBaTeJibHOCTh ITepeHoca H pa3MeIUeHHH none:H

)J.OJDKHa COOTBeTCTBOBaTh npe)J.ITOJiaraeMOH ITOCJie)J.OBaTeJibHOCTH BBO)J.a )J.aHHbIX. KHoITKH [fpynITa ITepeKJI10qaTeJie:H], [BhlKJIIOqaTeJib], [BKJI10qaTeJih], [<l>JiaXOK] ITpe)J.Ha3HaqeHbl )J.JIH opraHH3aIJ;HH BBO)J.a )J.aHHbIX B ITO.JUI JIOrH':leCKOro THITa. KoMaH)J.a

KHonKa ITpe.ZJ;Ha3HaqeHa )J..JUI coJ)J.aHHH ynpaBllilIOIUHX KHo-

ITOK ITPH pa60Te c <l>opMaMH. KoMaH)J.a PucynoK CJI}')l(HT )J..JUI BCTaBKH pHCYlfKOB B <l>OPMY· TeXHoJIOrHH BCTaBKH pHCyttKOB B 3TOM c.rryqae aHaJIOfH'IHa TeXHOJIOrHH BCTaBKH pHCYHKOB B JJ.OKYMeHT B pe)J.aKTope Word. B oKHe, OTKpbrnaeMOM KOMaH)J.o:H

Ceo6oiJHaR pOMKa o6beKma,

0To-

6paxa10TCR JJ.aHHbie ITOJie:H Ta6JIHU:hI THITa OLE-o6'beKToB. IlpH aBTO-

ti!S'.""'1 OP-a R..i Ber,..."'°"""'~ ll""' ~

Sil • 111

IJ~ r°"""""''""

...,

EJ ~

3.!lroJJOeo.:.cpq: • §I PelM'tl WPM:>! ~===;=lilll p._,..s....~

j .•

.,.,.,.ai'c"*'.. 8Q·'i 8· !.

t:Jn~

11-----t--t-~ ...,,,, ..........""

Puc. 8.5. BH.n oKHa JJ.JUI caMocroHTeJibHoro npoeKTHpOBaHIDI q>0pMhl

105

Man1qecKOM C03JJ,aHHl1 Ta6JIHU TaKHe OKHa B cJ:>opMe C03JJ,aIOTC51 TaIOKe aBTOMaT11qecK11.

B OKHe,

OTKphrnaeMoM KOMaHJJ,o:H

JipucoeauHeHHQJI, paMKa o6oeKma,

MO)!(HO pa3MeCTl1Th OLE-o6neKT, HaXOJJ.SIW:HHCSI B npyroM cJ:>a:HJie HJIH npyro:H ER KoMaHJJ,a

Pa:Jpbt6 cmpaHUU,bt

rrp11MeHS1eTcsr B c.rryqae, ecJIH rroJISI

JJ.J1SI

BBOJJ,a JJ,aHHhIX He pa3Mern:aIOTC51 Ha OJJ,HOH CTpaHHUe (3KpaHe )J,11CJ1JleSI).

Ha6op 6KJlaaoK

KoMaHna

rrp11MeHS1eTCH B cJiyqae, ecJIH rroJISI MH

BBOJJ,a JJ,aHHhIX He IlOMern:aIOTCSI Ha OJJ,HOH CTpaHHUe (3KpaHe )J,HCITJiesr). Ilp11 3TOM C03JJ,aHHe COOTBeTCTByIDW:e:H BKJiaJJ,KH peKOMeHJJ,yeTC51 )J,J1SI Ka)!()J,OH rpyrrrrhI IlOJie:H, o6neJJ,HHeHHhIX no KaKHM-JIH6o rrpH3Ha-

KaM. TeXHOJIOr1151 pa3Mern:eH1151 ITOJie:H B rrpouecce KOHCTpYJIPOBaH1151 cJ:>opMbI OCHOBaHa Ha «rrepeTaCKHBaHHH» ITOJISI 113 CITHCKa B COOTBeTCTByIDW:ee MeCTO Ha BKJiaJJ,Ke.

IIoa11uHeHHQJ1, </JopMa (om11em)

KoMaHJJ,a

rrp11MeH5leTC5l rrp11 pa3pa-

6oTKe COCTaBHhIX cJ:>opM, KOTOphie, KaK rrpaBHJIO, pa3pa6aTuIBaIOTCSI )J,J1SI Ta6JIHU, CB513aHHhIX OTHOIIIeHHeM OJJ,HH- KO MHOrHM.

qae OJJ,Ha rn6JI11ua HBJISieTCH rnaBHOH, a npyrasr -

B 3TOM CJIY-

rronq11HeHHo:H. Ilp11

rrpoeKTHpOBaHHH COCTaBHhIX cPOPM BBOJJ,a JJ,aHHhIX OJJ.HY 113 cJ:>opM TaK)!(e Ha3hIBaIOT rnaetto:H, a npyryro -

rronq11HeHHOH. CxeMa pa3pa6oT-

KH COCTaBHhIX cJ:>opM BKJiroqaeT B ce6sr pa3pa60TI()' cJ:>opMbI BBOJJ,a JJ,aHHhIX B rronq11HeHHYIO Ta6JIHUY H pa3pa60TKY ct>opMbI BBOJJ,a JJ,aHHhIX B rnaBHYJO Ta6JIHuY, B KOTOpo:H He06XO)J,11MO rrpenycMOTpeTh o6JiaCTh

lj §ii

~oAI! DP-• .I!"'

Ber.,.. " ' -

j~ .]-iii!Ta-!i--~-ri-~

Co3AaHM•

"""°" c_.,

..J.l!.I~

l!•HO &no-•

;a-;r:-.~-i-~-r1i-fff ~il-;;:r"r~~111-F:?'_lii:i_;-=--~-~r---------------

6J1 M npoeKTMpOBaHMe

.....

o~. -.-.onn:

H...................... c6. ........... _eplM.M KIM jDcHoea~• j9EB 074 033

onepa&U40HHblX KapT

0-~-,-

,50

EB: EH:KM:Hpeca

noo.50111 I 11

n _... l_Po><_-1n~-_1-~--~-.,.,....,_1-~~-;,;;._f_cn;;.~~L~!"!"t<!'

Beeawre

CMM&On

I nocne

&BO.IHI: A8HHWX no

nepear.. Kit :i.r.ta.:

eceH nepexoJlllM

onep01.U4M -

cnea!flllll!!llD sal"MfCb (nepexDA) .. DTll..pwrb BkMll,kg

~i---;-

Kapra 3CKM308

Ha.__...,..._ I

H·--·-1

n.......,.ooK I n....... oK

.!l.tili!J .., 69

~.oe:ro;;:;;d;~e.<----------------------------------

•n-llJ ~ 8

--------

r--r--r-r-·r---~

lJ itinu:.::J~~~~ ~

PHc. 8.6.

106

Lll

.!l.tili!J ... 10

~aoKI

:i.r.ta.: ~ i---;-

Jlo6aBHTb coaep:a:atnee a

·nepnom.r"

<llopMa

OTKpbITOtt BKJHl,LJ,Kott

r r

i~~-;sm-

llepexoiJbt

JJ:JI5I 3TOfO KOMatt;::i:y

)l)Hl BCTaBKM rro;::i:q1rneHHOH <t>opMhl, lfCIIOJlh3YH (KHOIIKY)

IJoattuHeHHOfl, </JopMa.

KoHCTPYlf POBaHlfe COCTaBHOH cl:>opMhl BBOJJ:a lfHcl:>opMaIJ;lflf IIOKaiatto Ha rrpM:Mepe C03JJ:aHlf51 6a3 ;::i:aHHhIX

JJ:JI5I aBTOMaTlf31fpOBaHHOro

11poeKT11:poBaHlfH MaprnpYTtthIX KapT TeXHonornqecKM:X rrpou;eccoB c6opKH B

CATIP «JlA3EP 2000».

8.6

Ha p11:c.

11:

8.7

rrp11:Be;::i:eHhI ;::i:Be cTpaHM:U:hI

pa3pa6oTaHHOH B JJ:lfaJIOfOBOM pe)KlfMe, a Ha p11:c.

2J1aeHoii </JopMbt,

8.8

8.9 -

COOT-

BeTCTBeHHO cI:>opMhl BBO;::i:a ;::i:attHhIX B rnaBHYIO If rro;::i:q11:HeHHYIO Ta6Jl 11IJ;hl, pa3pa6oTaHHhie B pe:)lmMe KOHCTPYKTopa.

8.3. TexHonorMH pa3pa60TKM <t>opM AilH BBOAa A8HHblX B 3anpOCbl PaccMOTplfM TeXHonor11:10 co3;::i:aHlfH rrapaMeTp11:qecKM:X JarrpocoB 11: CBH3aHHhIX c HlfMlf cl:>opM

JJ:JIH BBo;::i:a ycnoB11:it oT6opa ;::i:aHHhIX. Heo6-

xo;::i:11:MocTb pa3pa6oTKM crreu;lfaJihHhIX cI:>opM B 3TOM cnyqae o6ycnoBneHa CJieJJ:YIOiu;lfMlf cl:>aKTOpaMM:: • Tpe6oBaHM:eM CBe;::i:eHlfH K MlfHlfMYMY lfJilf lfCKJIIOqeHlfH Oilllf60K rrplf BBO;::i:e YCJIOBlfH OT6opa ;::i:aHHhIX; • Heo6xo;::i:lfMOCThIO BhIIIOJIHeHlfH 3arrpoca rrp11: qacTO MeHHIOiu;lfXCH 3Haqettlf51X yCJIOBlfH OT6opa ;::i:aHHhIX;

'i'iJ-~~--ll<>ao"~_Bl'A_B_cr"°"" __!_"""!"'_~_c"'!""ll•HO __~----------------------------------- ____________ '°"_-~:!!_

~~! ~:~ ~~:e~:~;~i!~!l !~;!;:~~~ :~ i ~ '.n • i ~.I mio_. c6opo- _ , HaMMeHOBaHNe ABTUM. ciS.

KIM

-~~"'--

eaHHHIH1I .... MaTeplNUla

oos

·-_I I I

~':''/~

06utte'leffMe. KQll onn: EB: EH: KM:Hpaca:

j9E8074033

jocHOOOHHO

p......,.

i9E2562

n,,_50111

L~1_11~~~1c~~~-~~I~~J~~-~

I nocne BBOA8 aaHHwx no eceH nepexo.11BM onepattMM -

Jlo6auKTb cOAeP•attHe e &Jl

nepe.m. Ha CJl.~glO 3MIHCb {nepexoa,) It OT1tl)W'Tb BK.M;aKg ''OepeWOAbl" ''"""" ll.J.jj r-----I ..Ll!!Jlll ...

"-•-•DKj

Kapra 3CllM3oe

flPOCMOTP OnepaqMA

(

-.::. r---r----r- ---r---- r---- ,-----

n........ oKI~

"""""' .!.!.L!J r-----I ..l..ll!.J!!l .,, 69

~ ~--------:-------------------------,----------------

----------------

r--,~

•n,..,ll J~•rz:i~!J~~~~~ ~ Pttc. 8.7.

<DopMa

c OTKphITOH

il~::ii~S-i~ii-

BKJia,r(KOH PeJICUMbt

107

(JanorlHemce w<1n1oc MK 1

4'0PMit)

PHc. 8.8. <l>opMa BBo.n:a .n:aHHbIX B maBHYJO Ta61muy

PHC.

108

8.9. <l>opMa BBO.n;a .Zl:aHHblX B IlO.Zl:'IHHeHH)'JO Ta6JUt:uy

fl)r;] £1

• C03,IJ:aHHeM 6a3 ;:i:aHHbIX, opraHH30BaHHblX no apXHTeJCTYPe KJIHCHT-cepBep. TeXHOJiorIDI pa3pa6oTKH TaKHX cpopM H 3arrpocoB rroJIHOCTblO coOTBeTCTByeT MeTO,n:aM, H3JIO)l(eHHhIM B rro,llpa3.Jl. 7.3. H 8.2. Oco6ettttocTbIO HBIDleTCH JIHIIIb rropH,n:OK HX rrpoeKTHPOBaHIDJ.: => pa3pa60TaTb 3arrpoc 6e3 BBO,lla YCJIOBHH OT6opa ;:i:aHHbIX; => pa3pa60TaTb cl>OPMY BBO,lla ycJIOBHH ;:i:JIH OT6opa ,llaHHhIX; => OTKpbITb 3arrpoc B pe)l(HMe KOHCTpYKTOpa; => ycraHOBHTb KYPCOp B WieHKY CTpOKH YCAoBue om6opa ;:i:mr cooTBeTCTBYIOlllero IIOJIH; => IIOCTpOHTb Bblpa)l(eHHe, ycTaHaBJIHBaIOlllee CBH3b ycJIOBHH OT6opa ;:i:aHHblX co 3HaqeHHeM COOTBeTCTBylQlllero IIOJIH cpopMbl. B KaqecTBe rrpHMepa CHOBa HCIIOJib3yeM 6a3y ,llaHHbIX ;:i:JIH COCTaBJieHHH H aHaJIH3a ttarpy3KH rrperro,llaBaTeneu. B rrpou;ecce pa6oThI c 6a3o:H ,llaHHhIX ;:i:ocTaToqtto qacTO rrpHXOAHTCH ,n;eJiaTb BbI60pKY 3arrHce:H H3 Ta6JIHU:hI Hazpy3Ka npenoiJaBame/LJl no cl>aMHJIIDIM, .LWI qero 6hlJI pa3pa60TaH COOTBeTCTByioimlli 3arrpoc (pHC. 8.10). )l)m BblIIOJIHeHIDI TilKOro 3arrpoca B WieHKy IIOJIH </JHO B CTpOKe YCAoBue om6opa Heo6xo.ZJ;HMo BBecTH cl>aMHJIHIO H HHHU:HaJibl rrperro.llaBareJIH. ,lLIIsI BBo,n;a cl>aMHJIHH 6bma pa3pa6oraHa $opMa, rrpe,llcraBJieHHa.SI Ha pHC. 8.11, B KOTOpo:H rrpe.n;yCMOTpeHO crreu;HaJibHOe IIOJie co CIIHCKOM. K1mnxa -

- [l

(OOTl1p0tlll::.!!I:

f3t.eoAHd31(DaH:

Y"'°""" ol6opa' [Fonns]!Jtiarpy><a •acl>e-]l[llol10CoCmo<OHO]

Pnc. 8.10. 3anpoc Ha Bb16op ,uaHHbIX no JHa'ieHHJO nom1 </JJfO

109

Ilocne pa3pa6oTKI1 <PopMhI B cooTBeTCTBYJOW:eM 3arrpoce Ha2py3Ka pwc. 8.10) B CTPOKe YcJ106ue om6opa B ~e:HKe rroJUI

npenoiJa6ameAR (CM.

</JHO

CTPOHTCH BblpCl)KeHHe, HMerow:ee BH,ll [Fonns]![Ha2py3Ka Kar.ue Fonns - KJiroqeaoe cnoBo, o603Haqa-

tjJeiJpbt]![floJ1eC0CnucKOMO],

BLJ:

row:ee o6»eKT (B .uaHHOM CJIY'lae <l>opM)'); Ha2py3Ka KatjJeiJpbl HMH 06'beKTa 6a3hl .uaHHhIX ( <l>opMhI); floJ1eC0CnuCKOMO- HMH IlOJUI B <l>opMe, 3HaqeHHH KOTOporo HBJIHIOTCH YCJIOBHHMH OT6opa .uaHHbIX ,LI.JUI rroJUI </JHO B 3arrpoce Ha2py3Ka npenoiJa6ameAR. KBa.upaTHhie CK06KH H aocKJim.i;aTeJihHhIH 3HaK HBJIHIOTCH 3JieMeHTaMH rpaMMaTHKI1 IlOCTPOeHHH 3TOfO BbipCl)KeHHH. IlOCTPOeHHe Il0.ll06HbIX BblpCl)KeHHH npow:e Bcero BbIITOJIHHTb c npHMeHeHHeM MaCTepa flocmpoumeflb 6btpaJ1CeHUU (pHC. 8.12). 3TOfO

Ll:mI

IlOCJie pa3pa60TKI1 cPOPMhl He06XO)J,HMO: ~

OTKphITh 3anpoc B pe)l(lfMe KOHCTPYKTOpa; ~ ycTaHOBHTh KYPCOp B Hqe:HKY CTPOKH YCJ106ue ~ OTKphITh IlOCTPOHTeJih BhlpCl)KeHHH.

om6opa;

IlocJie OTKpblTHH OKHa IlOCTPOHTeJUI BbipaxeHHH Heo6XO,Ll.HMO BblIlOJIHHTb CJIC)JyIOW:He .u;eHCTBHH: ~ BhI6paTh 06'beKT .6,ZJ:, w:eJIKHYB MhIIIIbIO no COOTBeTCTByIDW:eMy 3HaqKY (B .uaHHOM CJiy'lae Fonns); ~ B OTKpbIBIIIeMCH CilHCKe 06'heKTOB .uaHHOfO THna BbI6paTh TPe6yeMoe HMH o6»eKTa (<l>opMbI);

MoCKOBCKl'llil rocynapCT89HHbn'i SRl1SU110HHbliA TeXHOfl0fV!Y9CK~lil )'Hl1BepcmeT

MATf1 11M K 3 U1-1onKosCKoro

Ka<j>eApa

mn"' CWIA

Ilone co

CIDICKOM MH Bhl60

aMHJIIDI

Ii mnru;HaJIOB

Pttc. 8.11. <t>opMa c noneM BBo.ua <PaMHJIHH npeno.uaBaTem1

110

- t1

p_awi

.QpasKa .6.1-¥1 Scr.§81<.a 3art!QC

•

@ •

~{±:I 3arpylKeHHble qiopMbl L (;] Bee <i>oPMbl

~tc Q.KHO ~<!I

a 6A no '111T<!JeMblM npeAMeTal1

I "bi

Bee

~ :;_ 1

rloneCoCnt1cKOHO

AfterDeKorfrm

Ktton<'2

AfterInsert

HaAn1-1Cb3 Hi!IAnHCb1 HllA1111Cb5

Afterl.Jpdate

KHorn<:a6 KH011Ka7

CJ rnal!H<!IA d>opMa ~~~;a e w MFM !Q.I·§ l<HonKalO CJ Y4e6HO·MeTOAl1'-ll!CKaA pa6oT<!l 06MCTb AattHblX CJ Harpy3Ka !"1)ef10AaBaTel!A no BHAat1 3<!JHSITl1

Reports

AlowAdcltions AlowDeletions AlowDesiQnChanQes

AllowEditing AllowEdits .411owfnters AllowUpdating

AU:oCenter AU:oResize

BeforeDeleonfirm Beforelnsert Beforel.lpdate Borderstyle Caption CloseButton CortrolBox

c.....

CurrentSectionleft

S~~=~~~~~~-ionTop

foToeo

-n.,..

QEiW~ ~~~~~~ $fil!l-t 'llf~~ 1so2

PHc.

8.12. OKHo noc'lpOHTe.IDl BhlpIDKeHHH

~ B OTKpbIBllleMC.SI .ua.rree OKHe H3 IIO.SIBHBIIIeroc.si: CIIHCKa scex 3JieMeHTOB 06beKTa B,[( (noJI.SI, IIOJlIIHCH, KHOIIKH H Jlp.) CJie.uyeT BbI6-

paTb

IloAeCoCnucx:oMO. pe3yJihTaTe H3JIO)K_eHHhIX .ue:Hcrn11H: cq)OpMHpyeTc.si: BhipIDKeHHe,

CB.Sl3blBaIOill;ee ycJIOBHe OT6opa ,n;aHHbIX B 3anpoce c BBOJlHMblMH 3HaqeHH.SIMH B none cPOPMbl.

8.4. TexHonorn.R pa3pa6oTKM ct>opM All.A opraHM3a._.MM non b3oeaTe11 bCKoro MHTepcl>eHca Kotteqtto:H 3a.uaqe:H pa3pa6oTKH mo6oro rrpHJIO)l(eHH.SI .SIBJI.SieTc.si: co3.uatt11e y.uo6ttoro IIOJib30BaTeJibCKoro HHTep<l:>e:Hca. Pa3pa6oTKa IIOJlb30BaTeJibCKOfO HHTep<t:>e:Hca atta.rrorHqHa C03)1;aHHIO cu:ettapH.SI cPHJibMa KaK onpe.ueneHHOH IIOCJie)lOBaTeJihHOCTH IIO.SIBJieHH.SI Ha JlHCIDiee 3KpaHHhIX <PopM. C11cTeMa Access co BCTpoeHHhIMH B ttee rrporpaMMHhIMH cpe)lCTBaMH, B qacTHOCTH c .Sl3blKOM rrporpaMMHpoBaHH.SI Visual Basic, rro3BOJIHeT pa3pa6oTqHKY co3,n;aBaTb HttTep<t:>e:Hc IIOJib30BaTeJI.SI c MHHHMaJlbHblMH 3aTpaTaMH, TaK KaK IIPH pa3pa60TKe <PopM noJib30BaTeJihCKoro HHTep<Pe:Hca B cpe.ue Access pea.rr113yeTc.si: MeTOJl o6neKTtto-opHettTHposattttoro nporpaMMHposattH.SI. Cym;HOCTh 3TOfO MeTO)la COCTOHT B TOM, lffO pa3pa60T'IHK OilHCbIBaeT CBOHCTBa

111

06'beKTOB, a nporpaMMa B COOTBeTCTBHH c 3THMH CBOMCTBaMH cpopMHpyeT Ha 3KpaHe 33,D;aHHbie 06'beKTbl. QqeBH,D;HO, qTo pa3pa60TKa IlOJib30BaTeJibCKOfO HHTepcpe:Hca, HeCMOTpH Ha HMerorn;HeCH HHCTpYMeHTaJibHbie cpe,n;CTBa, HBJIHeTCH HCKYCCTBOM. Il03TOMy npH pa3pa60TKe KOMMepqecKHX CHCTeM ,!J;JIH co3.D;aHHH IlOJib30BaTeJibCKOfO HHTepcpe:Hca Heo6XO.D;HMO npH6eraTb K ycnyraM AH3a:HHepoa. CueHapH:H npHJIO:)l{eHHH, T. e. cocTaB H nocJieAOBaTeJibHOCTb cpopM, onpe.D;eJIHeTCH pa3pa6orqHKOM B COOTBeTCTBHH c anropHTMOM perneHHH KOHKPeTHOM 3a,n;aqH.

,L(.mI pa3pa60TKH cpopM IlOJib30BaTeJibCKOro HHTepcpe:Hca npHMeHHIOTCH MeTO.D;bl H cpe.n;crna, paCCMOTpeHHble npH OilHCaHHH TeXHOJIOrHH co3.D;aHHH cpopM BBO.D;a .D;aHHblX B Ta6JIHUbl H Jarrpocbl. Cne.D;YeT OTMeTHTb, qro cpopMbl BBO,D;a ,!J;aHHblX B Ta6JIHUbl H 3anpocbl TaIOKe HBJIHlOTCH qacTblO IIOJib30BaTeJibCKOro HHTepcpe:Hca. OcHOBHblM MeTo.n;oM coJ.n;aHHH cpopM B .n;attHOM cnyqae HBJIHeTCH HX pa3pa6oTKa B pe:>KHMe KOHCTpYK'fOpa, OIIHCaHHe KOToporo ,!J;OCTaTOqttO rro.n;po6Ho 6blJlo H3Jlo:xceHo pattee. PaccMOTpHM TeXHonormo C03,!J;aHHH yrrpaBJIHJOIIJ;HX 3JieMeHTOB, Il03BOJIHIOIUHX aBTOMaTH3HPOBaTb pa6ooy c 6aJOH ,!J;aHHblX. HaH6oJiee pacrrpocrpatteHHhIM Mero.n;oM pa3pa60TKH cpopM rroJib3oBaTeJibCKoro HHTepcpe:Hca HBJIHeTCH C03,!J;aHHe TaK Ha3blBaeMblX ICHOnO'IHblX </JopM, B KOTOpblX O,!J;HHM H3 o6'beKTOB yrrpaBJieHHH HBJIHlOTCH

KHOITKH. «HaxaTHe» Ha TaKYIO KHOITKY onpe.D;eJIHeT BbIIlOJIHeHHe KaKOfO-JIH60 .n;e:HCTBHH, HanpHMep OTKpblTHe cpopMbl HJIH 3anpoca, pacneqaTKY orqeTa, BbIXO,!J; H3 npHJIOXeHHH H .n;p. MTaK, noJib30BaTeJibCKHM HHTepcpe:Hc paccMaTpHBaeTcH KaK HeKoTOpaH IlOCJie.n;oBaTeJibHOCTb 3KpaHHbIX cpopM, COOTBeTCTByIOIIJ;HX aJIropHTMy .D;eMCTBHM npH pa6oTe c CHCTeMOM. QqeBH,D;HO, qTo 3KpaHHbie cpopMbl )l;OJl)l{Hbl HMeTb 3JieMeHTbl yrrpaBJieHHH BCeMH o6'beKTaMH 6a3bl .D;aHHbIX, BKJIIoqag Ta6JIHUbI, 3arrp0Cbl, orqeTbI. BbIITOJIHHeMbie .D;e:HcTBHH npH pa6oTe c 6a3aMH .D;aHHbIX MOryT nporpaMMHpOBaTbCH B BH,ll;e MaKpOCOB H nporpaMMHbIX MO.D;yJieM (nporpaMM).

a K po c bl npe.n;cTaBJIHIOT co6o:H tta6op MaKpoKoMaH.D;, aBTOMa-

TH3HpyIOrn;Hx pa6ory c 3JieMeHTaMH 6aJbI .n;aHHbIX.

o A y JI H -

3TO

nporpaMMbI, HanHcaHHbie Ha H3bIKe Visual Basic.

8.5. TexHonor111J1 pa60Tbl c <1>opMaM111 np111 aHan1113e ,qaHHblX Pa3pa60TaHHaH cpopMa BBo.n;a .n;aHHbIX B Ta6JIHuY rro3BOJIHeT nonb30aaTeJI10 BbIIlOJIHHTb CJie,D;yIOIUHe .D;eMCTBHH: BBeCTH H .n;o6aBHTb .n;aHHbie, npOCMOTpeTb JII06yIO 3aITHCb, OTKOppeKTHPOBaTb .n;aHHbie.

BBOJJ. a JJ.06aBJieHHe )l,81111h1X. TeXHoJiomqecKHe npHeMbI eao.n;a .n;aHHbIX paCCMOTpHM Ha npHMepe cpopMbl, IlOKa3aHHOM Ha PHC.

112

8.13.

~ ~acm f]ptief(IS

611'.l Bcr~a q:>~ ~ ~ Q1:HO CnPJt>1·a

• 111 t!i

a1 fl

,. •• »<

Knacc111ci>111KaTOP TexH011orllt'-1ecK111x oneoau111111

""""E)' ·~~™""- ooop"'""JJ>o6<>') I

KM 1514Aa pa6oT

...-..-,.._-1

HaNMeHoeaHwel!ll4Aal-T~--.-"""'°-,..,~?-~---

Mnbl rexHonorn<teCKMX onepal\M"

iro:::J

Ka... TNna OUC'Pm&.MM.

HawMettolh,ttMe onepattwM·

,~K""'-po-,..,-.,,..,,-"""™--------~-_.!

PHc. 8.13. IlpnMep <t>opMhI BBo.n;a .n;aHHhIX B Ta6;rnuy ,llaHHrul cpopMa HBJUleTCH COCTaBHOH H npe.u.tta:maqetta )J.)UI BBO)J.a .u.aHHhIX B .U.Be cBHJaHHbie Ta6n111.i;L1: Buobl mexno11ozu11ecKux onepau,uu H

Tunbl mexno11ozu11ecKux onepau,uu. TeXHonorID1 BBo;:i;a HHcpOpMai:i;1111 B none TaKoii cpopMbI attanorWI-

Ha TeXHonornH BBO.U.a HHcpOpMaUHH B Ta6nHUbl B pe;:i;aKTope Word. IlpocMOTp 3allllcei a KoppeKTllpOBKa AAHBWX. B npouecce pa6oThI c Ta6nHUaMH MO:lKeT BOJHHKHyTb He06XO,ll,HMOCTb npOCMOTpa co.u.ep:lKaHHH KaKOH-nH6o JanHCH H BBe)J.eHIDl HcnpaBJieHIDl, T.e. HJMeHeHIDl .u.aHHbIX B KaKOM-nH6o none. ,llJIH 3TOfO Heo6XO)J.HMO BbIIlOnHHTb cne.u.yroll{He .u.eiiCTBIDl: ::) OTKpbITb cpopM)' (pHC.

8.14);

::) ycTaHOBHTh KYPCOP B OKHO noJIH, no JHaqeHHIO KOToporo 6y;:i;eT Haii;:i;eHa HCKOMruI Jan.Heb (BBO)J. HMeHH IlOJIH, no KOTOPOMY 6y;:i;eT npOHJBO)J.HTbCH IlOHCK, MO:lKHO BbIIlOnHHTb Henocpe,ll,CTBeHHO B )J.HanoroBOM OKHe

lloucK u 3a.Mena);

::) Bb16paTb B MeHIO llpaBKa KOMaH.UY Haumu HJIH aKTHBHJHpoBaTb COOTBeTCTByIOnzyIO KHOnKY Ha nattenH HHCTpYMeHTOB; ::) B OTKpbIBIIIeecsi: .U.HaJIOfOBOe OKHO lloucK u 30MeHa BBecrn JHaqeHHe O,ll,HOfO HJ noneii HHTepeCyIOI.l.{eii JanHCH;

113

3 I ,...~,,,·-I o,,_.

,._., 1E'J11UP20

l11J KHA-

tliJlil!I..£ •oj;"01:Jb-1...I

1738

PHc. 8.14. OKHo Bhl6opa napaMeTpoB noHcKa :JanHceii B Ta6;rnue li,ll;

On(leJIQAa

I°....._.~~"""""'"' ttaMOl'~H4Ca.tJ.MT~Mll0'«1:j,~C

nocne eeo.na .naHHt.tx no ecett nepe>

n•....,...

c_...,.,., ,..,..~,..,,.....,

J!iil _~~~~--~-~=-- 3

I""'"'•""" 1 o.-a

PHC. 8.15. IlpHMep BbIBOJia pe3yJibTaTa TIOHCKa 3aTIHCH

114

I I

=> IIJ,eJIIaiyrh MbIIIIbIO no KHOnKe Haumu aaJlee. B pe3ynhTaTe BhrrronHeHHhrx ,n:eH:cTBHH B oKHe <PopMhI BBo,n:a ,n:aHHhIX nOHBHTCH 3HaqeHMH Bcex none:H HCKOMOH 3anHCH. Ha pwc. 8.14 noKa3aH npttMep nottcKa 3anwcw ,n:JIH onepau:ww N2 25 B Ta6nwu:e, co,n:ep)l(aIIJ,eH onwcaHHe TeXHonorWieCKOH onepau:ww c6opKH H3,n:enMH 005. B MOMeHT OTKpbITMH Ta6nHU:bI B o6naCTH ,n:aHHbIX <PopMbI noKa3aHo co,n:ep)l(aHHe onepau:ww N2 5. Ilocne aKTHBH3aU:HH KoMaH,n:hr Haumu Ha naHenw HHCTPYMeHTOB noHBJIHeTCH ,n:wanoroBoe OKHO IloucK u 30MeHa, B none 06pa3el( KOToporo 6bmo BBe,n:eHo 3HaY:eHHe noJIH Ng on, paBHOe 25. Ilocne «HaJl<:aTMH» KHOnKH [Ha:HTH ,n:aJiee] CHCTeMa npOH3BO,ll;HT noHCK 3anHCH H BbIBO,ll;HT 3HaqeHMH Bcex rrone:H ,n:JIH orrepau:HH 25 (pwc. 8.15). IlpM Heo6XO.UHMOCTH H3MeHeHMH 3HaqeHMH noJIH B ,ll;HaJIOrOBOM oKHe IloucK u 30MeHa cne,n:yeT OTKphITh BKJia,n:Ky 30MeHa H npoM3BecTH cooTBeTcTBeHHO KoppeKTMpOBKY HJIH 3aMeHY .uaHHhIX B none N2 on. KoHTponbHbte eonpocbt

Kairne npoue.llJ'Phl npH pa6oTe c HH$opMaI.J;Heit o6ecne'IllBaroT «t>opMhI

BBO,ll;a .naHHhIX B Ta6JJHI.J;hl?

KaKlfe Bbl 3HaeTe BH,ll;bl q>OpM H cnoco6bl HX KOHCTpYHIJOBamm, HC-

IIOJlh3yeMbie B cwcTeMe Access?

3. lfa KaKHX 6JIOKOB COCTOHT KOHCTpYKTOP «t>opM? 4. KaKHe KOMaH.LJ.bI ynpaBJiemur (KHorrKH) co.nepxan

rraHeJib 3JieMeHTOB

KOHCTpyKTopa ct>opM H KaKOBO HX Ha3HaqeHHe?

5. B KaKOH

rrocne.nosaTeJihHOCTH Heo6XO,ll;HMO pa3pa6aTh1BaTh COCTaBHbie

ct>opMbI BBO,ll;a .naHHbIX B Ta6JIHIIhI, CBH3aHHbie OTHOIIIeHHeM 0,ll;HH -

KO MHO-

rHM?

qTO TaKOe IIOJib30BaTeJibCKHH HHTep<t>ewc?

Ha qeM OCHOBaH MeTO,ll; 06beKTHO-OpHeHTHPOBaHHOro rrporpaMMHpo-

BaHm1?

8. 9.

qTO TaKOe KHOIIOqHbie cl>opMbI H ,ll;JI$I KaKHX IIeJieH HX pa3pa6aTbIBalOT? KaKoBa rrocne.nosaTeJihHOCTh rrpoeKTHposaHH$1 3anpocos c ct>opMaMH

MH BBO,ll;a YCJIOBHH OT6opa .naHHbIX?

10.

KaKOBa IIOCJie,ll;OBaTeJibHOCTb .netl:CTBHH npH IIOCTpoeHHH BblpIDKeHHH

C IIOMOIIIhlO KOHCTPYKTOpa?

11. qTo 03HaqaeT BhipmKeHHe [Forms]![Ha2py31ca Ka<fJeapbt]![II011eC0CnucKoMO]? 12. KaKHe KHOilKH HMelOTCH B <l>opMe BBO,ll;a ,ll;aHHbIX MH rrpocMmpa 3anHCetl:?

13.

KaKOBa rrocne.noBaTeJibHOCTb BBO,ll;a L(aHHbIX B CBH3aHHbie Ta6JIHIIbI

c rrpHMeHeHHeM COCTaBHbIX <t>opM?

14.

KaKoBa rrocneLJ:OBaTeJibHOCTh LJ:eHCTBHH rrpw rrpocMOTpe rrepBOH HJIH

IIOCJie,ll;HeH 3aIIHCH B ct>opMe BBO,ll;a .naHHbIX?

15.

KaKOBa IIOCJie,ll;OBaTeJihHOCTb L(eHCTBHH rrpH BBO,ll;e HOBOH 3aIIHCH?

16.

KaKoBa rrocneLJ:OBaTeJihHOCTh .newcTBHH rrpH rrpocMoTpe nio6ow 3anwcw

B ct>opMe BBOL(a L(aHHbIX?

17.

KaKoBa rrocneLJ:oBaTeJihHOCTh LJ:eHCTBHH rrpw peLJ:aKTwpoBaHHH H rroc-

neLJ:yIOIIIeM BBOL(e L(aHHbIX B none JII060H 3aIIHCH?

rnaea 9 TEXHOilOrlllSI PA3PA60TKlll OT4ETOB B CY6,Q MICROSOFT ACCESS

9.1.

Ha3Ha'49HMe OT'49TOB B CMCTeMax ynpaeneHMR 6a3aMM AaHHblX

OT'leThI, KaK npaBHJio, pa3pa6aTblBaIOT ,llJUI BhIBO.IJ;a Ha neqaTh pe3YJlhTilTOB o6pa6oTKH HHcpopMamm. ~eThl aHaJIOIWIHO cpopMaM MOIYf

6h1Th CBH3aHbl KaK c Ta6JIHUaMH, TaK H c 3anpocaMH.

nepBOM CJIY-

qae B OT'leTe 6y.11;eT noMem;eHa HH$OpMaUHH H3 BCeH Ta6JIHUhl, BO BTOPOM -

TOJihKO Te 3aIIHCH, KOTOpble OTBeqaIOT yCJIOBHHM COOTBeT-

CTBYIOI.IJ;ero 3arrpoca. Ilo cpaBHeHHIO c BhIBO,IJ;OM Ha neqaTh HH$OpMaUHH Henocpe.11;CTBeHHO H3 Tit6JIHUhl HJIH pe3yJihTilTa BhIIIOJIHeHHH 3aIIpoca OT'leTbl o6mui;aIOT CJie.IJ;YIOillHMH rrpelfMYilleCTBaMH: • no3BOIDllOT rrpOH3BO,IJ;HTh rpymmpOBKY .11;3.HHhIX no OT,IJ;eJihHhIM nOIDIM, npffqeM rpyrrIIHpOBKa ,IJ;aHHhIX Mo:>KeT HOCHTb HepapXH"'!eCKHH (.11;0

ypoBHei1:) xapaKTep;

• no3BOIDllOT BhIBO,IJ;HTh ,IJ;aHHble c BhlnOJIHeHHeM BwqHCJieHHH no qHCJIOBbIM nOJIHM (npoMexyroqHhlX BwqHcJieHHH nHcei1:, HTOfOBhIX -

no rpyrrnaM 3a-

no BCeMy qJ{CJIOBOMY noJIIO);

• MOIYf oct>opMJIHThCH B BH,IJ;e Ta6JIHU, CTpYKTYPa KOTOpbIX npHHHTa Ha KOHKpeTHOM npe.11;npHHTHH. HanpHMep, B BH.IJ;e HaKJia.IJ;HhIX npHeMa HJIH OTfPY3KH TOBapa Ha CKJia.IJ;, MapIIIPYTHhIX HJIH onepaUHOHHhIX KapT TeXHOJIOflfqeCKHX npoueccoB B CHCTeMax aBTOMaTH3HpoBaHHOfO npoeKTHpOBaHHH H ,D;p.

B OT'leThI

MO)l(HO BCTaBJIHTh pHCYHKH, .IJ;HarpaMMhI H .11;pyrne OLE-

o6beKThI, CBH3aHHhie H He CBH3aHHbie c nOJIHMH Ta6JIHUhl 6a3bl ,IJ;aHHhIX, a TaIOKe 3afOJIOBKH pa3,IJ;eJIOB H .D;pyrHe TeKCTOBbie npHMeqaHHH. OT'leThI MOfYT 6bITh HcnoJih30BaHhI ,llJUI npe3eHTaUHH, peKJiaMHPYIOIUHX ,IJ;eHTeJihHOCTh cl>HpMhl, H MOfYT BKJIIOqaTh B ce6H no~HHeHHbie OT'leTbl. Ilepe.11; BhIBO,IJ;OM Ha neqaTb OT'leT MO)l(HO npe,D;BapHTeJibHO npoCMOTpeTb Ha 3KpaHe.

9.2.

TexHonorMR pa3pa60TKM OT'4eToe

HaqaJio pa6oThI no co3.11;aHHIO oT'leTa aHaJIOrHqHo TeXHOJIOrHH pa6oThI no C03,IJ;aHHIO ct>opMbI:

==> ==>

OTKpbITh 6a3y ,IJ;aHHhIX; B OKHe 6aJhI .11;aHHhIX BhI.IJ;eJIHTh o6beKT Omitembl.

0TKphIBIIIeecH oKHo o6beKToB

B,n: Omitembt

(pHc.

9.1)

co.11;ep:)IUIT

cnoco6bI C03,IJ;aHHH HOBbIX H rrepeqeHb paHee pa3pa60TaHHhIX OT'leTOB.

116

•£1.Q•

·11).

- 0 x

-98199

f oo.~ Hllr1>93Ka ~aeaTeM

r00.000R CfODKoll r(lenQJ.OMl"D~ MrnroeaR HNP.:1311.a _98199 1-trCf'"aeaA HllrPJ3Ka M

l99Cetff4A ceMeCTp

lotron:JMA Hlf"P'J'll.& M OC8t1tMI C8MeCrp H~a_l999

P11c. 9.1. OKHo c OT'!eTaMH E,ll;

Llml C03.LI.aHIDI HOBOfO OT'leTa B CHCTeMe Access 2000 rrpe.LI.JiaraeTC.11 .LI.Ba cnoco6a: C03.LI.aHHe oT'leTa B pe:>KHMe KoHcTpyicropa H C03.LI.aHHe OT'leTa c IIOMOlll.hIO MaCTepa. Co3.LI.aHHe OT'leTa B pe)f(HMe KOHCTpyicropa peKoMeH.LI.YeTc.11 npoH3BO.LI.HTh nocJie rrpHo6peTeHH.R HaBhIKOB C03.LI.aHIDI OT'leTOB c nOMOlll.hIO MaCTepa. Ilo:3TOMY CHaqana paCCMOTpHM nocJie.LI.HHH BapHaHT. Co3,n:aHHe OT'leTa c noMOlll.hIO MacTepa npe.n:crnBJUieT co6oH: onpe.n:eneHHYIO nocJie)lOBaTeJibHOCTh OTBeTOB Ha eonpOChl B IIOCJie,n:oeaTeJibHO OTKpbIBaIOlll.HXC.11 .ll:HaJIOfOBbIX <t>opMax. B nepeoH: .llHaJioroeoH: <t>opMe, noKa3aHHOH Ha pHc. 9.2, cne.n:yeT: => BhI6paTb Ta6JIHizy HJIH 3arrpoc, Ha OCHOBe KOTOpbIX 6y,n:eT coCTaBJieH OT'leT; => BhI6paTh IIOJI.R, 3Ha'IeHIDI KOTOpbIX 6y.n:yT BblBOJlHTbC.11 B OT'leT; => nocJie BbIIIOJIHeHH.R BCex ,n:eHCTBHH meJIKHyTh MhllllbIO no KHOIIKe [,D;anee] . B OTKphmllleMc.11 .n:HaJIOfOBOM oKHe, noKa.33HHOM Ha pHc. 9.3, CJie.n:yeT ,n:o6a.BHTh ypoBHH rpyrnrnpoBKH no OT.ll:eJlhHhlM nOJI.RM. B .n:aHHOM npHMepe npe.n:ycMOTpeHhI ypoBH.R rpynnHpoBKH .ll:aHHhIX B OT'Iere. Ha nepBOM ypoeHe ece .lla.HHhle 6y.n:yT crpynnHpo.Ba.Hhl no <l>a.MHJIID1M npeno.n:aeareneit:, T.e. no noJIIO <PHO, a Ha BTopoM - .ll:Jl.R KIDK,n:oro npeno.n:aeaTeJI.R no ceMecTpaM (eeceHHeMY H oceHHeMY), T. e. no noJIIO CeMecmp. B CJieJlYIOmeM OTKpbIBIIIeMCH Jl:HaJIOfOBOM OKHe (pHC. 9.4) Heo6xo.LI.HMO BhI6paTb nop.Sl,llOK copTHPOBKH 3anHceit «IlO B03paCTaHHIO» HJIH

.n:ea

117

03AdHMe OT'leT06

AOO)'(l(:&eTCf:I ,.,_oe

~ HeCKO~H;( T46JH£ ..,,..

Aon WTaT

(""""" fPAMeT

Y"1MH rpynno

ne.u..,

eTaclO!BaHrui: BCex rroneil:

HJIH

Jan oca

PHc. 9.2. OKHo Bbl6opa noJieH Ta6JIHllbI HJIH 3anpoca

• 11).

l<I'«>

ECM<CTP Aon

..:J ...:J

Y"1MH

rpynno

K-

n.a.. n3

KPO

::.!

(\o.n, Wrar, ~Al'teT, Y"'1naH,

K~,~~~r:~~~ 'I iJ

_!J

rpy~a .•.

PHc. 9.3. OKHo onpeJleJieHWI ypoBHeil: rpynnHpOBKH no BblJleneHHblM nom1M

118

·on·

ail

• G).

6bl6epnTe OOJ'.IR.40..: tCJPTl1P0"'!'."11 t1 ebl'+ICJ1eHl1i:I, Bbll( flooo

Aonyct::eera:i Hr.inoytibeai

' .

2c= r--

""""" KOH<

lla6b<

ro KPfl

"" ·r- ....""'

AP_.,,.

5<.m A'll

r w r w r F7 r w r F7

F7 F7 F7

r,;;

""r:

Max

r r r r r:;

r: r

r r

r: 62!'-fHCnHTb npol.leHTbl

r r:; r: r r r: r n r

PHc. 9.4. OKHo Bb16opa rroJieif: ,ll)IB BhlIIOJIHemrn pacqeToB «y6bIBaHHIO» H ':IHCJIOBbie noJUI, no KOTOpblM Tpe6yeTC.sI BhIIIOJIHHTb HTOfOBble Bbl':IHCJieHH.sI.

B npHBe.n.ettHOM npHMepe llJl.sI copTHpOBKH .uaHHhIX Bhr6patto none llpeiJMem. 3To OJHa':laeT, ':ITO npH ocpopMJieHHH oT':leTa HaHMeHoBaHH.sI Bcex npe.uMeTOB, no KOTOpbIM KCUK,Ll;bIH npeno.uaBaTeJib ':IHTaeT JieKIJI-IH, npoBOllHT na6opaTopHbie pa60ThI HJIH PYKOBOllHT BhIIIOJIHeH:ueM KYPCOBhIX pa6oT, 6y.n.YT B KCUK,D;OM ceMecTpe pacnonaraTbCH B ancpaBHTHOM nop.si.uKe, T. e . «no B03pacTaHHIO» .

,llJUI

BbI6opa noJieH no.use.ueHH.sI HTOfOB Heo6XO,D,:UMO nocJie ycTa-

HOBJieHH.sI nop.si.uKa copT:UpOBKH meJIKffYTb MbllllblO no KHOnKe [lfror:u ... ] .

pe3yJibTaTe OTKpoeTC.sI HOBOe ll:UaJIOfOBOe OKHO, r.ue cne.uyeT

Bb!lleJI:UTb ':IHCJIOBhie noJI.sI, llJl.sI KOTOpbIX npe.uycMaTp:UBaIOTC.sI :UTOfOBbie Bhl':IHCJieHH.sI.

np:uBe,D,eHHOM np:uMepe npe.uycMoTpeH noac':leT

':laCOB no BCeM ':IHCJIOBhIM nOJI.sIM. 06paTHM BHHMaH:ue Ha cne.n.YJOII.J.He YKaJatt:u.si oKHa p:uc.

9.4),

Hmo2u

(CM.

onpe,D,eJUIIOII.J.He BbI6op xapaKTepa HTOfOBbIX Bbl':IHCJieH:UH :

J(aHHble u umo2u HJIH To11bKO umo2u.

B nepBOM CJIY':lae

B OT':leT 6y.n.YT Bhrne.ueHhI Jan:uc:u no BCeM npe.u-

MeTaM c YKaJaHHeM ':IHCJia ':laCOB no Ka.JKllOMy nOJIIO :u eme O,D,Ha CTpOKa, B KOTOpOH 6y,D,YT noKaJaHbI peJyJihTaThI Bhl'IHCJieHHH (CYMMHpOBaHHe) no BCeM BhllleJieHHhIM ':l:UCJIOBhIM noJI.sIM. TaKYJO cpopMy BhIBO,D,a :UHcpOpMau:u:u Ha3blBaIOT OT':leTOM c rpynnHpOBKOH .uaHHblX :u no.n.Be.ueH:UeM HTOfOB.

119

"".

c€

• G).

-----

--------PHc. 9.5. OKHo BhI6opa crroco6oB o<l>opMJiemrn O'I"leTa

c€

• 11).

3azOJl080K

PHc. 9.6. OKHo cTifJielt o<l>opMJJeHIDI oT'leToB

120

• Ii).

Me OT•lt'l

Yr:::a>atit~ 8C8 C&eAett1SI, Ke06XC!Al·ftotble A O'Ne'Ta C nottOU.lbtO 1'4llCT&pa

COM.at111A

A4Jlbtt8K!Me AMT~' G {)>ocMOTpeTb ONeT. ("'_ ~t*1Tb totm::eT O"NeTa.

PHC.

9.7. 3a1onoqHTeJibHOe ,IJ;HaJIOI'OBOe OKHO MaCTepa COCTaBJieHIDI (}TqCTOB

• !!!""" ~

u.-. RMA c_.., Q•HO i;i,,-. p CJ 11111 1cm • ;i.._. !' . /El

.0. !i) •

<l>y$aes 3 B.

AOI{eeT

seceHH~i:i

CeMeCTp

!ACTfln

Hpe..•• rpynn•

fll(

ACY-4-4

lltTml ,,nA Tl~M!T' • SUn

CAIJP

fl6 fl3 KPfl HP 3a 3 .......

lhoro

164,00

,1Cmn MCNlP (1 3tlif140>)

•

164,00

lfipHIOia,D;HLJC aporpaMMlbJC CHCTellbl

rpy"""

flK

n-5-29

K fl6 fl3 KPn llP 3a 3 .. ""'

HTitr•

37,oo

Hltln41..n11Tl~MltT'•~rlJ(l~~(1311'1Cb)

Sun

37,00

jCAIJPTn rpynn•

PHC.

9.8.

K 86 03 KPH llP 3n 3 .. 11A

Ibara

5 0

37,00

<I>parMeHT HTOI'OBOI'O o~eTa c rpynnHpOBKOH .naHHblX H no.nBe.neHHeM HTOrOB

121

·:

- !:! x ~.l!l

"1ToroeaS1 Harpy3Ka _2001/2002

.....

...

EHJIID!B.11.

flK

fl6

fl3

KPll

100

KPll

3 .. . ....

MTOre

12 101

6'47,4:1

3 .......

Mn re

17 101

609,«I

J .......

lhure

341,CD

~AllR'¢IK>' .. ~B."1.(11~

,,..,,

,,..,, •••

395

~apaHOB nH

flK

fl6

~AllA'¢1K>' •6epett:len.H.(10~)

244

104

110

flK

~epnlDlAB K fl6 fl3

lol!TorMAnR'(tlK>'• 6ep1M1A.B.(6~ SUn 194 8 0

•••

KPll

[opouncoe 6 l1 flK

fl6

fl3

KPll

3a 15

Mure 0 16,2

85,20

t•Qep!!,Q30 p

£ PHc. 9.9. IlpHMep HTOroBoro OT'IeTa Bo BTopoM c.rryqae .LUUI KIDK)loro npeno.uasaTeJUI 6Y.ZJ.YT noKa3aHhI pe3yJibTaTbl Bbll:IHCJieHHH no KIDK.ll:OMY CeMeCTPY 6e3 YKa3aHIDI HaHMeHOBaHHH npe.uMeTOB ( CYMMapHoe ql{CJIO qacoB B ceMeCTPe no KIDK)lOMY nomo). Tiocne BhIITOJIHeHIDI scex YKa3aHHhIX .ueH:cTBHH B .ZJ.HaJIOroBoM oKHe, noKa3aHHOM Ha PHC. 9.5, 6yJlYT npe)lCTaBJieHbl BH,Zlbl MaKeTOB OT06pa)l(eHIDI .uaHHbIX B Ol'leTe. TiocJie Bb16opa MaKeTa OT06pa)l(eHIDI .uaHHbIX OTKpOeTCH OKHO CTHJieH O<popMJieHHH Ol'leTa (pHC. 9.6). Bb16opoM o.uHoro 113 cTHJieH: ocl:>opMJieHIDI pa3pa60TKa ol'leTa npaKTl{qecKH 3aKaffiMBaeTcH. OcTaeTcH TOJihKO np11cBOMTh orqezy MMH, qTo rrpOM3BO.ZJ.HTCH B nocne.uHeM )lHaJIOfOBOM OKHe MaCTepa COCTaBJieHIDI Ol'leTOB (pHC. 9.7). Ha p11c. 9.8 rrpe.ucTaBJieH npHMep Ol'leTa c rpynnHpOBKOH .uaHHhIX 11 IlO,ZlBe)leHMeM MTOfOB, a Ha pHC. 9.9 - rrpMMep MTOfOBOfO Ol'leTa.

KoHTponbHbte eonpocb1

I. ,LVui: KaKHX ueJieH: pa3pa6aThIBalOTCH oT'leThI B 6aJax ,I1,aHHh1x? 2. KaKHe crroco6hl coJ,ll,aHHH OT'leTOB HMeIOTCH B Microsoft Access? 3. )lJIH KaKHX LJ,eJieH pa3pa6aTbIBaeTCH H qTo npe,ll,CTaBJIHeT co6oH: oTqeT c rpyrrrrHpOBKOH )l,aHHhIX? 4. ,lVui: KaKHx ueJieH: pa3pa6aThrnaeTCH H qTO npe,ll,cTaBJIHeT co6oH: HToroBhIH OT'leT?

rnasa 10 ABTOMATM3ALU'I~

10.1.

PA60Tbl C 06bEKTAMM 6A3 ,QAHHblX

ABTOM3TM33~1oUI pa60Tbl c ,QaHHblMM

npM nOMOU4M MaKpOCOB

l\1aKpoc npencTaBJUleT co6o:H: HeKoTopyro nocnenoBaTenhHOCTh MaKpoKoMa~, T. e. MHCTpYKJJ:MH l\1icrosoft Access, np11MeID1eMhIX ~

aBTOMaTM3all;MM BhIIIOnHeHIDI qacTO IlOBTOpHIOlllMXCH ne:H:CTBMH. l\1aKpOKOM~hI B Access no cPYHKUMOHanhHOMY Ha3HaqeHMIO MO)l(HO pa3nenMTh Ha cnenyrom11e Knaccb1: • OTKPhlTMe 11 3aKphITMe Ta6n11u;, 3anpocoB, cJ?opM, o~eToB; • neqaTh naHHhIX; • BhmonHeHMe 3anpoca; • npoBepKa MCTMHHOCTM ycnOBMH M ynpaBneHIDI BhIITOnHeHMeM MaKPOKOM~;

• ycTaHOBKa 3HaqeHMH; • IlOMCK naHHhIX; • IlOCTpOeHMe IlORh30BaTenhCKOro MeHIO M BhIIIOnHeHMe KOMa~ MeHro; • ynpaBneHMe BhIBonoM MHcPOPMall;MM Ha 3KpaH; • coo6meHMe IlOnh30BaTen10 0 BhIIIOnIDieMhIX ne:H:CTBIDIX; • nepeMMeHoBaHMe, KOilMpOBaHMe, ynaneHMe, MMilOpT M 3KCilOPT o6'beKToB; • 3anycK npyrnx npMnO)l(eHMH Windows. B Ta6n. 10.1 nepeq11cneHh1 MaKpoKoMa~hI nnH c03naHMH MaKpocoB. Ta6nttua

10.1

Ilepe'ICHh MaKpOKOMaH,ZJ, MJI C03)1.aHHJI ynpaBJIBIOIQHX MaKpOCOB

Ha3Haqemre

MaKpoK0MaH.L1a

OmKpbtmue u 3aKpbtmue ma6Auu,, 3anpoco6, rjJopM, omitemoB 3aKpbtmb

3aKphrnaeT aKTHBHOe (3a,!J.aHHOe) OKHO

OmKpbtmb r/JopMJ!

OTKphrnaeT IPOPMY B pe)KHMe Ta6JIHUhI, KOHCTpYI<Topa HJIH it>opMhl

OmKpbtmbMoi)yJlb

OTKphrnaeT MO)l,YJih B pe)KHMe KOHCTp}'KTOpa

0mKpbtmb3anpoc

OTKpbmaeT 3arrpoc B pe)!(HMe Ta6JIHUhI HJIH KOHCTp}'KTOpa

OmKpbtmbOmitem

OTKphrnaeT o~eT B pe)KHMe rrpocMoTpa

OmKpbtmb Ta6Auu,y

OTKpbrnaeT Ta6JIHuY B pe)KHMe Ta6JIHUhl HJIH KOHCTPYKTOPa

123

llpoiJ011J1CeHue ma611. 10.1 MaicpoKOM!IH)la

Hll3Haqe1nte

lle'tamb iJaHHblX 0mKpblmbt1JopMy

0rKpbIBaeT <l><>PMY B pe)KJ{Me npe.naapwreJihHOfO npocM01pa

Om1CpblmbOm'tem

OrKpbIBaeT O'NeT B pe)KJ{Me npe.naapH"reJihHOfO IlpocMOTpa

Om1CpblmbTa611uu,y

0rKpbIBaeT ni6JIHIJY B pe)KJ{Me npe.naapHTeJlhHOfO npocM01pa

BblBecmuBt1JopMame

XLS - .nrui: Excel, RTF - .nrui: Word

lle'tamb

BbIBOJJ:HT HHlf>opMal(HIO Ha ne11aTb

BblnOAHeHUe 3anpoca Om1Cpblmb3anpoc

3anycKaeT 3anpoc H BhlBO.ll;HT Bhl6pa.HHhle 3aIIHCH B pe:>KHMe ni6.Jnmhl

llpoBeplCa ucmuHHocmu YCJI06UU u ynpa6/leHUJI BblnOAHeHUe.M MOICpolCOMQHD 0mMeHumbCo6blmue

Oi'MeHJ1eT co6bITHe (BbIUOJIHJleMoe .ne:ACTBue)

KoMaHiJaMemo

BhIIlOJIHJleT K.OMaff.nY cnlH.ll;aPTfforo MeHIO. Mo:lKeT npHMeHJIThCjl .ll;Jljl C03,!l;aHIUI co6cTBeHHOro MeHIO IlOJlh30BaTeJijl

Bb1XoiJ

3aKphIBaeT BCe OKHa Access H BbIIlOJiffjfeT BhlXO.ll; H3 Hero

3anyc1CllpozpaMMbl

BhIIlOJiffjleT npoue.nypy Access Basic

3anyc1CMa1Cpoca

3anycKaeT .npyro:H MaKpOC

OcmaHOBUmbBce MaKpocbl

OcTaHaBJrnaaeT pa601)' acex MaKpOCOB, BKJIJO'I~ TeK}'IUHH

OcmaHOBUmbMa1Cpoc

OcnittaBJIHBaeT pa601y TeK}'l.Uero MaKpOCa

YcmaHOBICa 3Ha'teHuu 06HOB/leHue

Mo:lKeT 6bITh Hcnonh3oBaHa JJ:Jiji o6ttoBJieHIUI .naHHbIX B aICTHBHOM ofu.eKTe (B pe:lKHMe <t>opMbI HJIH ni6JIHUhI)

KoMaHOblKtlaBuamypbl

3anoMHttaeT B 6y<l>epe o6Metta nocne.noaareJihHOCTh ffa)KJ{MaeMbIX KJiaBHW

3aiJamb3HaiteHue

06ttoBJrneT HJIH H3MeffjleT 3Ha'leHHjl mo6oro 3JleMeHni ynpaBJieHIUI

lloucK iJaHHblX llpuMeHumb<l>wibmp

124

OrpaHH'IHBaeT BbIBOJJ:HMYIO uulf>opMauHio a OT'leTaX HJIH lf>opMax

IlpoiJoJ1J1CeHue ma6J1. 10.1 Ha:JHaqeHHe

MaxpoKoMaH.Ua

CJ1eiJy107J¥lJ13anuc&

OcymeCTBJU1eT rroHcK JaIIHCH, cJie.zzyIOrn;eH: 3a reKymeif

Haiimu3anuc&

MmeT 3aIIHCb, y;:i;oBJieTBOpHIOmyIO 33,ll;a.BaeMOMY YCJIOBHIO IIOHCKa

Ha3anuc&

,[l;eJiaeT TeKymeH 3aIIHCb c YKaJaHHbIM HOMepoM, a TaIOKe rrepBYIO, IIOCJie)IHIOIO, IIpe.lU>J.DYlllYIO H CJie.zzyIOmyIO

IlocmpoeHUe nat1b30BameJ1&e1C020 Me100 u B&mo!IHeHUe JCOMaHiJ Me100 J(o6aBum&Me100

~aeT paciq>hIBIUOw;eecH MeHIO

KOMaHiJaMe100

BhIIIOJIIDieT ;:i;eifcTBHe O)J;HOI'O H3 CTil.H,!l;apnlhIX MCHIO Acee~

YnpaBAeHUe BblBoOoM uHl}JopMaijuu HO 31CpaH B&1BecmuHa3icpaH

Bb1BO)J;HT Ha 3KPaH HHcPoPMa.IJ;HIO o npoMexyro'IHblX )ICHCTBIDIX, BhIIIOJIIDICMhIX rrpH pa6ore Maiq>OCa

HaCmpaHuu,y

BhIIIOJIHHeT rrepexo;:i; Ha 33,ll;aHffYIO cTpamnzy B cl>opMe HJIH O'l'lere

Ileca•m&1elfac&1

H3MeHHeT <l><>PMY KfPCOpa (YKaJareJIH) Ha BpeMH pa60Tu1 Maiq>OCa (HarrpHMep, rrpH BhIIIOJIHeHHH 3a1Ipoca Ha BbI60pKY H3 60JibIIIHX Ta6mu1)

Pa38epll)'mb

YBeJIH'IHBaeT pa3Mep aKTHBHoro oKHa )lo rroJIHoro pa3Mepa

CBepll)'mb

CBOpa'!HBaeT aKTHBHoe oKHo B 3HaqoK

CiJBuzPa3Mep

TiepeMemaeT H H3MeHHeT pa3Mep a1crmmoro oKHa

BoccmaHoBum&

BoccTaHaBJIHBaeT o6beKT B ero rrpe)J(HHX pa3Mepax

B&1iJeJ1um&06oe1Cm

Bbl)leJIHeT oKHo c 33,ll;aHHbIM ofu.eKTOM

06HOB!leHue

06HOBJIHeT )laHHbie 3.JleMeHTOB yrrpaBJieHIDI, CIDI3aHHble c 3aIIpoCOM B Ta6JIHIIe HJIH <l>opMe

YcmaHOBum&Coo6w,eHUR IloJCa3am&Bce3anucu

Ha3HaqaeT (OTMeHHeT) cHcreMHble coo6rn;eHID1 HJIH He ocTaHaBJIHBaH BhlBO)I Ha 3KPaH coo6meHHH: o6 oIIIH6KaX

rrpe;:i;yrrpe~eHIDI,

TioKa3blBaeT BCe JaIIHCH Ta6mmhl, HIBOPHPYH yCTaHoBJieHHhle paHee <l>HJih'Iphl

Ilamv1&HHcmpyMeHm08 Bb1BO;:i;HT (y6HpaeT) JII06yio H3 CTil.H,!l;aPTffhIX HJIH IIOJib30BaTeJibCKHX rraHeJieH HHC'IpYMeHTOB 0 BhIIIOJIHHeMbIX )leHCTBIDlX

125

0KOH'tQHUe ma6A. JO. I HaJttaqettHe

MaKJJOKOMaH.Ua

Coo6w,eHue noAb3oeameJ110 o 6blnOAHHeMbtx iJeucmeu.HX CumaA

BhmaeT 3B)'Koooil: c1-trHaJI

Coo6w,eHue

BhIBO)J,HT npe)J,ynpe)!()J,aiorn:ee HJIH nmpopMau,HOHHoe coo6rn:eHHe Pa6oma c o6oeKmaMu

Konupoeamb06oeKm

KonnpyeT mo6oil: o6'beKT reK}'l.Ueil: 6a3hI )J,aHHhIX (c HOBhIM HJIH CTaphIM HMeHeM) B )J,pyryro 6a3y )J,aHHhIX Access

YiJaAumb06oeKm

Y)J,a.JUieTo6neKT (Ta61mu,y, 3anpoc, <t>opMY, OT'leT, Ma.KpOC, MO)J,YJih)

BbleecmuB<l>opMame

BhIBO.U.HT o6'beKT B <l>opMaTaX npHJioxeHHil: Windows

IlepeuMenoeamb

MeHSieT HWI o6neI<Ta B reK}'l.Ueil: E,[(

Omnpaeumb06oeKm

BhIBO.U.HT co.u.epxaHHe o6'beI<Ta B <t>ail:JI H nepe)J,aeT ero B ::meKTpOJIHYIO IlO'ITY, T. e. 3a,L1.aHHOMY a)J,peCaTY

Ilpeo6pa3oeambEa3y J(aHHblX

3KCilOpTHpyeT HJIH HMUOpTHpyeT o6'beKThI H3 .u.pymx E,[( (dBASE, Paradox, FoxPro)

Ilpeo6pa3oeamb TeKcm

TipH 3Kcnopre HJIH HMUOpre ,LJ.aHHhIX nepe)J,aeT HH<t>opMau,mo B reKCTOBhie <t>ail:JihI HJIH npeo6pa30BhIBaeT ,LJ.aHHhie H3 TeKCTOBhIX <t>ail:JIOB

Ilpeo6pa3oeamb 3AeKm- TipH 3Kcnopre HJIH HMUOpre ,LJ.aHHhIX nepe)J,aeT HHpOHlf)llO Ta6AUU,Y <t>opMau,mo B 3JieKTpOHHhie Ta6JIHUhI HJIH npeo6pa30BhIBaeT HH<:l>opMau,mo 3JieKTpOHHhIX ra6JIHI.J, B <t>opMaT Ta6JIHI.J,

IlpM pa3pa60TKe <t>opM IIOJib30BaTeJibCKOfO MHTep<t>eii:ca, B KOTOpbIX BbIIIOJIHeHMe MaKpoca CB513aHO c HIDKaTMeM KHOIIKM, MO)l(HO MCIIOJib30BaTb .JJ:Ba crroco6a: • C03.JJ:aTb MaKpoc M CB513aTb ero c COOTBeTCTBYJOIUeH KHOIIKOH <t>opMbI; • C03.JJ:aTh KHOIIK)' Ha <t>opMe M rrpM orrncaHMM ee CBOHCTB pa3pa6oTaTb COOTBeTCTBYJOIUMH MaKpoc.

mo6oM cJiyqae Heo6xo.nttMo rrpe.n:BapttTeJibHO C03.JJ:aTb KHorroq-

HYJO <t>opM)'. Ha pMC.

10.1

M51 rrpMMepa IIOKa3aHa KHOrroqHa51 <t>opMa

CMCTeMbl aBTOMaTl'.13MpOBaHHOro rrpoeKTMPOBaHM51 TeXHOJioruqecKMX rrpou;eccoB, rrpM Ha)l(aTMM Ha mo6yio KHOIIK)' KOTOpo:H .JJ:OJI)l(Ha OTKpbIBaTbC51 coorneTCTBYJOIUa51 .nuanoroBM <t>opMa. PaccMOTPMM Ha .naHHOM rrpMMepe IIOCJie.JJ:OBaTeJibHOCTb .neHCTBMH C03.JJ:aHM51 yrrpaBJI5IIOIUMX MaKpOCOB. 11.TaK, rrpM HIDKaTMM KHOIIKM [C03.JJ:aHMe Ea3 .naHHbIX]

126

~ M1croi;ofl

Acee-,-,--------------------------

!!~ QPdtllCa ~Htl Bcr~ 4'~ ~ ~ .QKHO

~-Ill

1!1~£3

,CnpaBM

SC9.,, - Cl

C11crnMa npoeKrnpoeaH11si Tn "JlA3EP 2000" "MAUI" PoccwAe«.MA

r0t.:91UtpcTBeHttbtA

T81QfOlllOrM"18CttMA 1JttW88pcMTOT WM.

K•ettPa "TnO "CYflA"

IC3.Uwon11:.oecKoro.

Opoei<.r~ MaPWPYTHbi>: rn j npoeK™PCIMHWe onep<ll..l.MOH1 Tn j

OAO "PAMEllCKKA

OPH60POCTPOHTEflbHblA 3ABOJ1" OT J!Efl rflABHOro TEXHOflOfA Uex 15.

•J lfi~;i r Jl8BHCKI KH

PHc. 10. l. IlpHMep KHOIIO'IHot:t <i>oPMbI

C11cTeMa npoeKrnpoeaHllSl rn "J1A3EP 2000· "'MATM" PoccwAcl!.MA r0C9AapCTGCHHb&H

Te>rHonorw1ecKHfi

a.,_,,., I!:~ nocnesi.OMTeflbHOCrb ~a 11--t---t----t--t-~n=,,._= :J, !!.,.,.....

!JHMoePCMTeT MM

UMon«.oec1toro. Ka•e.npa ''TOO wCYflA"

11---i~-t--+---l--t--~ .-· ton<>oMn>

Puc. 10.2. KoHTeKCTHoe MeHJO Ja,naHwi: (H3MeHettwi:) caolicTB KHOIIKH

127

I j!'!'~!::§~=i§::§;:=:::!!

M&KeT AOtit1bee J Co61>1'T1<1~ ,O.pyrtte 1<1HAeteC nepexo11.a no T4b , O OT neeoro Kp&R . , , . 2,199cH

111-11-~----C-.,-,. ~=~oKpaR .... BblCOT.!I,.

HdcblUlettHOCTI:.,

Kypoe • •..• '. floA4ePIQiYTbM, ,

HeT ,

HeT

KOHTet(CTttae MeHtO

0TKpb1Tb

<PopM)' C03AaHHSI 6,ll.I

PHc. 10.3. OKHo onHcaHIDI CBOHCTB o6beicra (KHonKH [Co3.llaHHe ,naHHhIX])

oa.J

)];OJDKeH 6bITb BbIIIOJIHeH MaKpOC, OTKpblB3IOlll,HH CJieJzyIOlll,yIO )];HaJIOfOByIO cpopM)', KOToprur TaIOKe Ha3brnaeTcH

Co3iJaHue Ea3 iJaHHblX.

Pa3pa6oTKa MaKpoca npoH3BOJ1:HTCH B cneJzyIOlll,eM nopg.z:i:Ke: ~ OTKpblTb KHOIIOqHyIO cpopM)' B pe)JQ{Me

KoHcmpyKmop;

~ BbI)];eJIHTb KHOIIKY, c KOTOpoU: He06XO)];HMO CB.R:33Tb MaKpoc (B paccMaTpHBaeMOM IIpHMepe 3TO KHOIIKa [C03)1;3HHe 033 .z:i:aHHbIX]);

~ 3KTHBH3HpOB3Tb KOHTeKCTHOe MeHIO (npaBOH KHOIIKOH MbIIIIH) ; ~ BhI6paTb B IIOHBHBIIIeMCH KOHTeKCTHOM Memo (pHC. 10.2) KOM3HJ1:Y Ceoucmea; ~ B OTKpbIBIIIeMCH OKHe OIIHC3HHH CBOHCTB KHOIIKH (pHC. Heo6xo.z:i:11Mo BhI6paTb cBolicTBO

Ha::HCamue KHOnKu

HJIH

10.3)

,l(eouHoe Ha-

JK:amue KHOnKu; ~ Bb16paB B .z:i:aHHOM rrpHMepe CBOHCTBO

HaJK:amue KHomw,

lll,eJIK-

HyTb MblIIIblO TIO KHOIIKe IIOCTpOHTeAA MaKpOCOB;

~ B OTKphlBIIIeMCH OKHe (p11c. MaKpoca.

10.4)

cne.z:i:yeT OIIHC3Tb CBOHCTBa

AttaJIOfHqHO C03)1;3IOTCH KHOIIKH AAA BbITIOJIHeHHH JII06bIX .z:i:eU:CTBHH C 6a30H ,l1;3HHhIX.

128

Dp.aeKa

~Mil

Betpa

~~ ~

...

Qr;HO

~ ~~

0TKJ)b!TMe' ¢.ol;M.l B ~lt:i.te 1~1, KOtt'.;Tpynopa, TatilHJ,bl 1'111t1 !l)OCMOTpaA.ftA~KU:tttTe~fl

PHc. 10.4. OKHo rrocTpOwreIDI MaKpocoe

Co30,aH111e 6a3 o.aHHblX

liiillJ

•nA3EP-2000"

Knocc1<<1JHKllTop 1exttonorM4eCKHX oneplll.IHO

~ KnacCM<J:IMKatop 1exttonorM49CKMX npoLteccoe

.f31

TexttonorM1.,1ec1<.Me npol,leCCbl Hapmp!;JTHoro onwcattwi1

~ TeXHonorw1.,1ec1<.we npol,lecct.1 onepn.L(MOHHoro onMCO.HMJI

.2l ~

npMH8HJl0HtlJf

JlOKyHOHT64MJI

060p!;fll.OB8HMB npMC110C06fleHMJI

MHCTP YMEHT

~cnecaptto-HOHTfDKHblR

±1

COB4M'U1bHblA

-2J

ecn0Hora1em.Hb1A

~ HBpMTBAt.HblA

KOHCTPYK.TOPCt<.8H 1Sft38 .O,IDfHYlC

PHc. 10.5. IlpHMep KHorroqtton <t>opMhl

129

---~--

!!ii

~awi. !]paeio:.a

. '"' Iii ~

.liitJ. Bcrp.!1

6Jl K npoeKTKpoeaHKe

Co3AaHKe

llllli!El

Cf'~ Jan,tCW CpMC Qlo:HO ~M

1il v .. •• »(

MapWpyTHblX KapT c6opKK

r19E2.56L005 Uex

Y'I.

Onep

HattMett06dttwe onopato1w

KQJI

~GC-!i60 ~l•_..,_.,~---'-'"'----~l-·I Koa. HaWMeHOBaHNe o6op~ooattWA

jPTn·2M

npo•

Ii 12

13--

P: YT

KP: KOMJl" fH 00 Kurr Tn3 T11rr·

Oe-\1

t.MK

06o:nta"tettMe aottgMetrra

rssoo- !MK9E2.56Liii'I •I

Ha nooes.

wt1oe&t1te

00[i25

......

Puc. 10.6. IlpuMep <t>opMhl BBo.na ,naHHhlX c KHOnKaMu ynpaBJiemrn

Qpa&K" aitJ. Bcr§&K"

I!!

J~ ~ Qut0 ~"

"I~ }oS-

! •:t

°"""""''°"""

OncpbeaeT Ha llWlD!Hel+te ""l>OC 'M< ~Ml· ~TTatilHly·~~M(" OT!c~T ONeT ~ KapTa 1'11<1"· 1--R crpatHI." AnR ~/J.SapHTellbHOl'"O ~-rpa·

"°""'"

lle'4.!IT&eT1·IO CTpaHHUYONeTa~yTH<NKapTafll<l.

3aoq>h<Tb

3aKpbeaclT OT4eT ~)'TH~ KllpT.S

OTKpb!TbONeT

0TK~T OT4eT ~TliaA KllpTa f'll<2" AnA ~A&aPHTellbHOl'"O npotl'MlTp.&• ~T&eT OT4eT °MaeWPYTHMI KapTa flt<2" ~CO 2--ti CTpatMJ.bl 3aKpbeae"t ONeT ~ KapT.S Pll(2"

0TXpbl"TbTa6.rHly Oncpt.1Tb0NeT

"°""'" 3aKpb<n.(

..:.J

pr.f(l•

Jaiq:~ yi<:ol)atff)ro ~ HTM Tetey!UerO

°"'"°• eciM 0tt0 Ht >aA.OHO

~H4llatHTeKnaett.uyFl

Puc. 10.7. Co.nep:>Kattue MaKPOCaJlJUI KHOnKH [Ile•taTb MK]

130

AIR

0KHO OIIHCaHIDI CBOHCTB HBIDleTCH OCHOBOH 06'beKTHO-OpHeHTHpoBaHHOro rrporpaMMHpoBaHIDI B cpe;::i;e Access. Ha pHc.

10.5

rrpe;::i;-

craBJieHa <PopMa, OTKpbIBaIOUlaHCH rrpH HCl)l(aTHH KHOIIKH [ Co3;::i;aHHe l>a3 ;::i;aHHhrx]. Ha 3TOH <PopMe TaIOKe rroKaJaHhI ;::i;pyrne rrp11Mepb1 o<PopMJieHIDI KHOIIOK. B pe3yJihTaTe BhIIIOJIHeHIDI rrepeq11cJieHHbIX ;::i;e:H:crn11H: .ll:JlH 3a;::i;aH11 o:H: KHOIIKH 6y;::i;eT C03)l;aH MaKpoc, T. e. rrpH HCl)l(aTHH 3TOH KHOIIKH 6y;::i;eT BbIIIOJIHHTbCH COOTBeTCTBYJOUlaH KOMatt;::i;a

(mm

KOMatt;::i;bI) MaK-

poca. Co3;::i;aHHe KHorroK, BbIIIOJIHHIOlllHX KaKHe-JI1160 ;::i;e:H:crnID1:

=> pa3pa60TaTb KHOJIOqttyio <PopMY; => pa3pa6oTaTb )l;JIH K(l)l()l;OH KHOIIKH MaKpoc,

HCIIOJib3YH )l;JIH 3TOfO

KOHC'fPYKTOP MaKpOCOB, H rrpHCBOHTb K(l)l()l;OMY MaKpocy HMH;

=> OTKpbITb <POPMY B pe:xrn:Me KOHC'fPYKTOpa H )l;JIH KIDK,UOH KHOIIKH B COOTBeTCTBYJOUleM OKHe CBOHCTB BbI6paTb HMH MaKPOCa. Ha pHC. m1u;y

B,ll;

10.6

IIOKa3aH rrpHMep <PopMbl BBO)l;a HH<PopMal.l;HH B Ta6-

c KHOIIKaMH yrrpaBJieHIDI, a Ha PHC.

10.7 -

MaKPOC, COCTO-

HlllHH H3 IIOCJie)l;OBaTeJibHOCTH MaKPOKOMatt;::i;, BbIIIOJIHHeMbIX rrpH Ha)l(aTHH KHOIIKH BblBO)l;a Ha rre1IaTb co;::i;epxaHIDI Maprnpynm:H: KaPTbI TeXHOJIOfHqeCKoro rrpou;ecca 113roToBJ1eHID1 H3;::i;eJIID1 -

10.2.

[fJeqaTb

MK].

AeT0MaT1113a4111H pa60Tb1 c ,qaHHblMM np111 noMOlJ.\M nporpaMMHblX MO,qy11el:1

IlpH pa3pa60TKe IIOJib30BaTeJibCKOro HHTep<Pe:H:ca B CHCTeMe Access B03MO)l{H0 rrpHMeHeHHe He TOJibKO MaKpOCOB, HO H rrporpaMM, Ham1caHHblX Ha H3hIKe Visual Basic. Ilp11MeHenue MaKpocoB 11eJiecoo6pa3HO MH aBTOMaTH3aUHH rrpou;eccoB yrrpaBJieHIDI o6'beKTaMH 6a3bI ;::i;aHHbIX. B 3TOM cJiyqae rrpH pa3pa6oTKe KHorroqHbIX <PopM MaKpoc CBH3bIBa10T c 3JieMeHTOM yrrpaBJieHIDI -

KHOITKOH.

IlpH pa3pa60TKe <PopM ITOJib30BaTeJibCKOfO UHTep<Pe:H:ca MOryT BC'l'peqaTbCH 3a;::i;aqu, MH KOTOpbIX HeT COOTBeTCTBYJOUlUX MaKpOKOMatt;::i;. Heo6xo;::i;HMO HCITOJib30BaTb B03MO)l{HOCTH H3bIKa Visual Basic, npHHIIHIIHaJibHOe OTJIH'rne KOTOporo OT H3bIKa rrporpaMMHpOBaHIDI Basic COCTOHT B TOM, qTO OH pa3pa60TaH B COOTBeTCTBHU c rrpttHIIHIIaMU COBpeMeHHOfO o6'beKTHO-OpHeHTHpoBaHHOro rrporpaMMHpOBaHIDI. Ha p11c.

10.8

rroKa3aHa <PopMa .ll:JlH cocTaBJieHIDI KJiacc11<P11KaTopa

H3roTaBJIHBaeMbIX H3)l;eJIHH, rrpe;::i;Ha3HaqeHHOfO MH 6bICTporo ITOHCKa o603ttaqeHIDI c6opoqtto:H: e;::i;HHHIIbI (HoMepa c6opoqttoro qepTexa). )],aHHbIH KJiacc11<P11KaTop rrpe;::i;cTaBJIHeT co6otl: qeTblpexypoBHeByio 11epap~eCKyio CHCTeMy, COCTOHUlYIO H3 qeTblpex Ta6JIHII ( CITHCKOB), CBH3aHHbIX OTHOllleHHeM O)l;HH - KO MHOfHM: • B rrepBOH Ta6JIHu;e xpaHHTCH HaHMeHoBaHIDI THIIOB H3)l;eJIHtl:; • BO BTOpou Ta6JIHIIe xpaHHTCH HaHMeHOBaHIDI BH;::i;OB H3)l;eJIHH )l;JIH K(l)l()l;Oro THrra;

131

KJlACCM$MKATOPTEXHOnorM~ECKMXnPOUECCOB

KoHcTpyff.Topc..:iu1 na.aa AtlHHblX

Puc. 10.8. <I>opMa .D.JUI JanOJIHCHIDI KJiaccmpHKaTopa H3)J;CJIHH

• TJ)eTbff Ta61rnua co.uep:itCHT HaHMeHoeamrn H3.UenHii (B .uaHHOM npHMepe c6opoqffblX e.llHHHU), BXO.llffIUHX B KOHKpeTHhIH BH.ll; • qeTBepTasi: Ta6nHua co.uep)l(HT o6o3HaqeHIDI (HoMepa) qeprexe:H c6opoqffblX e.UHHHU. AnropHTM 3anonHeHID1 KJiaccmt>HKaropa BKmoqaeT B cefo1 cne.uyIOIUHe .ue:HCTBIDI: ::::> noMeCTHTb KYPCOP B none BBO.Ua .uaHHblX nepBoro cnHCKa -

Tunw u3iJeJ1uu; ::::> BBeCTH HaHMeHOBaHHe THna; ::::> Bbl.llenHTb THn H3.UenIDI H nepeMeCTIITb KYPCOP B none BBO.Ua

.UaHHhIX BTOporo cnHCKa - BuiJbl U3de/luu; ::::> noBTOpHTb yx:aJaHHhle .ueifCTBIDI .llJUI JanonHeHIDI cne.ll)'IOIUHX CnHCKOB. QqeBH.llHO, qTO peaJIH30BaTb .uaHHblH anropHTM c noMOIUbIO MaKpocoB HeB03MO:>KHo. Tio3TOMY .llJUI BhlnonHeHIDI 3THX rrpoue.uyp 6h1Jla pa3pa60TaHa rrporpaMMa Ha ff3h1Ke Visual Basic ( c rrpHMeHeHHeM noCTpo1ITem1 rrporpaMM). 0KHO IIOCTJ>OIITeIDI rrporpaMM c $parMeHTOM TeKCTa .uaHHOH nporpaMMhl noKaJaHO Ha PHC. 10.9. TIO aHaJIOI'HH C MaKpoCaMH rrporpaMMa co:maeTCff .llJUI KIDK.llOI'O 3neMema yrrpaBJiemra. TiopsmoK pa3pa60TKH rrporpaMMhl aHanol'H'leH nopsmicy C03.ZlaHHff MaKpoCa:

132

Ln13Col11

Privat.e Sub

T11~.a,tton .l.tt.erUpdat.1!() DoCmd. SetVarnings Tal;e DoCmd.OpenQuery "TxnM:!1.a,Ito6"

DoCmd.SetVarnings True lie' [TMml c.ae.nxi] . Requery

Pa:!lp~eT atilBOJX CNC'ttKJUfX

cootbuemrii

!le' [TMD.,QeT,l{on] • Null Z:nd Sub

Privat.e Sub TJm,lteT,lton llo~e!love (Buu.on .la Integer, Shift. J..s Integer, X Al!I Single, lfe 1 [TKDM:s.:a,D.on] •Visible • True

Privat.e Sub T11nJ.1?1.aAon J.:tterUpdat.e()

DoCmcl.Set.Varnings Fal;e DoCmd. OpenQuery "TMnff:!S.11,lto6" DoCmd.Sl!tVarnings True !le' [TKnw e.aenxi] .Requery ' !It! 1 [T11nM3.a,Iton] • Null

Pa:!lpewaeT amc.Jl CNC:TeMZDfX coo6~HXi

06Ho1'Jlsi:eT

ctU1Co~

_t_~_;s_ub_

Privat.e Sub T•nM::!IJl,Iton llo~ellove: (But.t.on .ls Integer,. Shift. .13 Int.eger, X .la Single, !le'[TxnM:!l.11,tton] .V1:!111bl; •True End Sub

PHc.

10.9. OKHo nOCTpOHTCJIJI nporpaMM c

cJ;>parMeHToM TCKCTa

~ OTiq>hITb <l>OPMY B pe:)l(JfMe KOHCTPYJCTOpa; ~ Bbl,lleJIHTh o6'beKT (none); ~ Bhl3BaTb OKHO CBOifCTB 06'beKTa, a 3aTeM B CTPOKe COOTBeTCTBYJ01Uero CBOHCTBa Bhl3BaTb IlOCTPOHTeJib nporpaMM. B pe3yJibTaTe ,n;eHCTBHH DOHBHTCH OKHO nOCTPOHTe.JUI nporpaMM c ttaqaJibHbIM onepaTopoM H3h1Ka Private Sub - HHCTPYKUHeH, o6'bHB1rn10meH: HOBYJO no,n;nporpaMM}'; TeKCTOM nporpaMMhl H onepaTOpOM End Sub - HHCTPYKUHeii, JaKpb1Ba10meu no,n;nporpaMM}'. KOHTpOnbHbl8 eonpoCbl

1. 2.

Ha KaKHe KJiaccbl p3.3,neJUIIOTCH MaKpocbI? KaKOBbl cnoco6bl C03,naHHH MaKpOCOB, npe,nHa:rnaqeHHhlX ,!J.illl BblilOJI-

HCHHH ,ne:lkTBHH npH aKTHBaUHH KHOilKH Ha cJ;>opMe?

KaKOBa IlOCJICAOBaTCJibHOCTb ,neitcTBHH npH C03AaHHH MaKpOCOB c HC-

IlOJib30BaHHCM KOHCTPYJCTOPa MaKpOCOB? 4. B KaKHX CJIY'laHX p3.3pa6aTblBaIOT Mo.zzyJIH, T. e. no,nnporpaMMbl, HanHcaHHhle Ha H3b1Ke Visual Basic?

5. HcnoJib3YH cnpaaoqHYJO CHCTCMY Access, caMOCTOHTCJibHO p3.36epHTe Ha3HaqeHHC BblpIDKCHHH B CJIC.zzyIOIJ.lHX cJ;>parMCHTaX TCKCTil nporpaMMbl: DoCmd. Open Query « TunH3iJ,ao6• Me![ TunH3o,aon] =Null Me![ 06o3H U30e.t1uu].SetFocus

LIACTb Ill

TA6fl"14HblE nPOUECCOPbl

rnaea 11 OCHOBHblE CBE,QEHMfl 0 TA6nM"IHblX nPOl..l,ECCOPAX

11.1. noHHTMH, onpeAeneHMH,

npMH~Mn AeMCTBMH

Ta6JIH11Hble npou:eccop1>1 (1rnor.na HX Ha3bIBaJOT 3JieicrpoHHble Ta6JIHU:b1) npe,n;cTaBIDIIOT co6oii u:eJioe HanpaBJieHHe npHKJia.n;HLIX nporpaMMHLIX CHCTeM, npe,n;Ha3HaqeHHbIX ,n;mI aBTOMaTH3aU:HH pacqeTHOaHaJDITINeCIGIX Ja,n;aq. lliHpOKoe npHMeHeHHe HaIIIJIH TaKHe nporpaMMHLie cHcTeMLI, KaK SuperCalk, Lotus 1-2-3, Quatro Pro, Excel for Windows. 06JiaCTL rrpHMetteHIDI Ta6JIH11HhIX npou:eccopoa qpe3Bbl'IaiiHO rn:upoKa: OT pac11eTa 3apa60THOM IIJiaTbI .n:o HCilOJib30BaHIDI B HayqHbIX HCCJie.n;oBaHmlX. IlpHHU:Hil pa60TbI Ta6JI:uqttoro rrpoueccopa OCHOBaH Ha HCilOJib30BaHHH MeTO.IJ:OB anre6pa:uqecKoro npe.n;cTaBJieHHH MaTeMaTHlleCKHX .n;eMCTBHM H crroco6oa KOMilblOTepHOM o6pa60TKH HH<t>opMaU:HH. PaccMOTpHM npocrnu npHMep. IlycTb Tpe6yeTcH pacc11HTaTh cyMMY Tpex rrepeMeHHhIX aeJIH'IHH, T. e. D ==A+ B + C. 3.n:ech 3Ha11ettHe nepeMettttou D 6y.n;eT MeHHThCH npH H3MeHeHHH xoTH 61>1 o.n;ttou rrepeMeHHOM H3 rrpaaou 11acT:u BLipIDKeHIDI. CocTaBHM anropHTM 3Toro BhillHCJIHTeJibHoro rrpouecca. IlycTb HMeeTCH Ta6JIHU:a, COCTOH1UaH H3 CTOJI6U:OB H CTPOK. CTpOKH B 3TOM Ta6JIHU:e npoHyMepoBaHbl, HallHHaH OT e.n;HHHU:bl, a CTOJI6U:bl o603HalleHbl 6YKBaMH JiaTHHCKoro an<t>aBHTa OT A .n:o Z. (AttanorH11H1>1e rn6JIHU:hI paccMaTpHBaJIHCh rrpH H3yqeHHH cnoco6oa pacqern B rn6nttu:ax pe.n;aKTopa Word.) B 3TOM cnyqae npou:ecc ai,1qHcJiettm1 MO)!(}{O npe.n;crnBHTh B BH.n;e CJie.n;yI01UHX .n;eMCTBHM: ==> noMeCTHTh 3Ha11eHHe rrepaou rrepeMettttoii A B Hqet!:KY Al; ==> rroMeCTHTh 3Ha11ettHe BTopou nepeMeHHOM BB H11et!:KY Bl; ==> IIOMeCTHTb 3HalleHHe TpeTbeM nepeMeHHOM B HlleMKY 1; ==> peJyJihTaT pac11ern rroMeCTHTh B H11et!:KY D 1 == Al + B 1 + C 1. yfa .n;aHHOfO rrpHMepa BH.n;HO, llTO B 3JieKTpOHHblX Ta6JIHU:aX Bee MaTeMaTHlleCKHe .n;eMCTBIDI BblIIOJIHHIOTCH Hao Jl'teUKaMU, T. e. rrpH H3MeHeHHH 3HalleHIDI rrepeMeHHOM, HaXO.n;HIUeMCH, HaIIpHMep, B HlleM-

134

Ke Al, aBTOMaTff'IeCKH H3MeHHTCH 3HaqeHHe rrepeMeHHo.H, Haxowi:Hle.HcH B gqeifKe Dl. Ha TaKoM rrpHHUHrre asToMaTH3aUHH BhNHCJie111111 rrocTPOeHbI see Ta6JIJiqHb1e rrpoueccopbl, HaqHHaH c VisiCalk, pa3pa6oTaHHoro ew;e B 1979 r. PaccMOTPHM MH rrpHMepa rrpHHUHII pa6oTbI Ta6JIJiqHOro rrpoueccopa Excel, sxowi:w;ero B cocTaB scex sepcHH: Microsoft Office. Ha p11c. 11.1 rroKaJaHo pa6oqee oKHo Ta6JIHqHoro rrpoueccopa Excel. Ilpe)l{,l];e qeM rrpHCTYflaTb K H3yqeHHIO TeXHOJIOrHH pa60Tbl c 3JieKTpOHHblM rrpo:ueccopOM paCCMOTPHM OCHOBHbie 3JieMeHTbl CHCTeMbl Excel: KHUZQ - .llOK}'MeHT, HJIH <l>aH:JI, CO.llepxaw;HH pe3yJibTaTbl pa60Tbl c rrporpaMMOH Excel (aHaJIOfJiqeH .llOK}'MeHzy, <l>opMHpyeMOMY rrpH pa6ore c rrporpaMMOH Word); JlUCm - no C}'TH 3TO Ta6JIH:Ua, KOTOpaH B KHHre HMeeT CBoe Ha3BaHHe HJIH lfOMep. no YMOJil.falfHIO rrpH OTKpbITHH rrporpaMMbl KHHra CO}lepJKJ1T TpH JIHCTa. PaJMep OJlHOro JIHCTa (O.ll,HOH Ta6JIHUbl) B KHHre Excel 2000 COCTaBJlileT 65 536 CTpOK H 256 CTOJI6:UOB. qHCJIO JIHCTOB (Ta6JIHU) B 0.llHOH KHHre orpaHM:qHBaeTCH TOJibKO pecypCOM KOMIIbIOTepa;

HMH 3KTIIBHOH Te

HMH aKTHBHoro nncra (ra6.11Hllhl) B1>1.neJJeHHhlH J<YPCOP (3KTHBH3HpOBaHlll! 'l'ICHKa

A I)

PHc. 11. l. Pa6o'lee OKHO Ta6JIH'IHoro npoueccooa Excel 135

R<teiilw - qacTb Ta6JIHUhI, <t>opMHpyeMrui: Ha rrepeceqeHHH cTon6ua co CTpOKOH. 5{qe:HKa Kax,n:oro JIHCTa HMeeT lfMjl, COCTORIIIee HJ 6}'KBbl H UH$phl. D}'KBOH o60JHaqeH CTOJI6eu, a UH$po:H - CTpOKa. B CBRJH c TeM, qTo Ta6JIHUa COCTOHT HJ 256 CTOJI6UOB, a 6yKB B JiaTHHCKOM an<t>amne BCero 26, HaqHHrul c 27 CTOJI6ua, HCIIOJihJyeTCR ,ri;Bo:HHoe o6oJHaqeHHe, T.e. AA, AB, AC H T.,ri;. B gqe:HKIDC Ta6JIHUbl MOryT paJMeIIIaTbCR KaK TeKCTOBble ( CHMBOJibHble), TaK H ql{CJIOBbie ,ri;aHHbie B BH,ll;e qHcJia HJIH <l>OPMYJibl. IlpH 3TOM <l>OPMYJibI rrpe,ri;CTaBJIRIOT co6o:H OTHOIIIeHIDI Ha)]; gqe:HKaMH, HarrpHMep (=Al+ B2) HJIH =(Al+ B2)/31. B gqe:HKe rrepe,ri; <l>OPMYJIOH o6RJaTeJibHO ,ll;OJDKeH CTORTb JHaK paBeHCTBa (=), B rrpoTHBHOM cnyqae BBe,lleHHrui: <l>oPMYJia 6y.lleT pacIIOJHaBaTbCR rrporpa.MMoA KaK 06~ HhIA TeKCT.

11.2. TexHonorMH Bbl'IMcneHMM e cpe,qe Excel for Windows B rrpe,llhI,llJ1IIUIX rnaBaX JlOCTaTO'IHO IIOJlP06Ho paccMaTpHBa.Jiach rexHOJIOI'IDI pa6oTbl c rrpHJio:>KeHIDIMH Word H Access H MHorne KOMaH.llhl MeHIO, IIOKaJaHHble Ha pHC. 11.1, II03TOMY OCBOeHHe TeXHOJIOrHH

B~CJieHHA B CHCTeMe Excel HaqHeM c KOHKPeTHoro rrpHMepa. IlycTb Tpe6yeTCR paccqHTaTb CMery JaTpaT, CBRJaHHblX c BblIIOJIHeHHeM ,llOroBopa Ha OKaJaHHe ycnyr, HarrpHMep Ha pa3pa60TKY 6aJhl ,lJ;aHHblX .llJIR KaKOH-JIH60 opraHHJaUHH. IlpH pacqeTe CMeTbl JaTpaT 06111rui: CTOHMOCTb ,llOroBopa MO)l(eT onpe,lleJIRThCR JaKaJqHKOM. McrroJIHHTeJI& )Ke, HJMeHRR cocTaBJIR1011111e JaTpaT' MO)l(eT o6ecneqHTb MaKCHMaJihHYIO rrpH6hIJib. Ha pHc. 11.2 noKaJaHo oKHo Excel c cocTaBJieHHo:H Ta6n11ue:H pacqern CMeTbl JaTpaT. 11J pHCyHKa BH,ll;HO, qTO HCXO,ll;Hble ,ri;aHHhie .llJIR BhlIIOJIHeHIDI pacqern H ero peJyJI&TaT&I JaHeceHhI B gqe:HKH cTon6ua H, 11cxo,ri;H&1e ,ri;aHH&Ie ,ll;J1R pacqern ueH&I )];OroBopa - cTpoKH A3 ... A12, peJyJI&TaT&I pacqern ueH&I ,ri;oroBopa H Bcex cocTaBJIRIOIIIHX ee JaTpaT CTpOKH Al 5 ... A23. MaHHnyJrnpyR 11cxo,ri;m1MH ,ri;aHHhIMH ( CTpOKH A3 ... Al2), aBTOMaT11qecKH nonyqaIOT Bee cocTaBJIRIOIIIHe ueHhI ,ri;oroBopa. Ha 3TOM )Ke npHMepe paccMOTpHM TeXHonorHqeCKHe npHeM&I pa6oThI c Ta6JIHUaMH Excel: • BBO,ll; H pe,ri;aKTHpOBaHHe TeKcTa; • BBO,ll; B gqeii:KH OT)];eJibHblX ,[(aHHblX ,ll;J1R BblIIOJIHeHHR pacqern; • BBO,ll; B gqe:HKH <l>OPMYJI .llJIR BblIIOJIHeHIDI pacqeTa. TeXHonorIDI BBO)];a TeKcTa B gqeii:KH Excel H pe)];aKTHpoBaHIDI npaKTHqecKH He OTJIHqaeTCR OT aHaJIOrHqHblX orrepau11:H B TeKCTOBblX pe,[(aKTOpax. 06paTHM BHHMaHHe TOJibKO Ha HeKOTOpbie oco6eHHOCTH. ~ BBO,ll;a ,ri;aHHblX Heo6XO,llHMO JIH6o aKTHBHJHpoBaTb COOTBeTCTBYIOIIIYIO gqeii:KY, ;rn6o rrepeMeCTHTh B Hee KYPCOp. 3aTeM paMKa jJqeii:KH Bhl,ll;eJIReTCR )l(HpHblMH JIHHIDIMH, IIOCJie qero B Hee MO)l(HO BBO,ll;HTb ,ri;aHHbie (,ri;o 255 CHMBOJIOB TeKCTa HJIH <l>OPMYJI).

136

~ ~-

a,,_. a... ecrj!O<• <1>_.,. cp..c

D~liil

J I - !!...., !:no-•

.l\~ift."'·'f.I:t.UtO

• 10 •

B D E G PaC'teT CllBTbl HTpaT Ha BbmonHBHH ADroaopa HcxodHwe &HHwe Om pac"lema: Ko.nH ...8CTllO cne414a.nHCTOB, y~aCTBY!OW.HX B SblnonHBHHH pa6oT

KonH~BCTBO MBCJU~eB Ha C03A8HH8 npOAyKTa

CpBAHAR MBC"l.lHaA 3apa6oTHaA n.nara COBl\,Ha.nHCTa I py6nRX E.AHHblH COl{HallbHblH Ha.nor

(ECH)

KoMaH.Q,HpOBO'lHblB paC)IOAbl

3arpaTbl Hi MarepHa.nbl M kOMMBKT)'IO~He

On.nara yc11yr CTOPOHHHX opriHID84H'1 %

f1.naH11pye1ri1aA np116bU1b 8

15,00%

OT 3arpar

OT CTOHMOCTI1

6 3 000,00p 35,00% O.OOp 10 000,00p O,OOp 3J 000,00p

np1106p8T8HH8 060p)'.QOBiHHA

HiK.n8AHbl8 paCXOAbl 8

pa6or

25,00%

roroeo

l;lln,,,.

PHc.

11.2. OKJm rrpoueccopa Excel c rrpHMepoM pac'leTa cMeThl Ja'l'paT

.Llmr

pe,llaKTHpoBaHIDI TeKCTa Heo6XOJJ.HMO BhinOJIHHTb CJieJIYIOmHe L(eHCTBIDI: :::) YCTaHOBHTb KYPCOp B H'leHKY' TeKCT HJIH <l>OPMYJibl KOTOPOH He06XO,llHMO OTpe,llaKTHpOBaTb, rrpH 3TOM HH<l>OpMaI.~IDI, COJ],epxa1..Ufili:CH B HeH, OT06pa3HTCH B CTpOKe pe,llaICl'HpoBaHIDI; :::) rrepeMeCTHTh KYPCOp B CTpOKY pe,llaKTHpoBaHIDI H HJMeHHTb rrpH Heo6XOJJ.HMOCTH ee CO,llepxaHHe. TipH BbinOJIHeHHH pacqeTa ero peJy.JihTaTbl H HCXO,lJ,Hhie JJ.aHHbie MOfYT BbIBO,llHThCH H BBO,llHTbCH B H'leHKH B paJJIH'IHbIX <t>opMaTax. Excel rrpHHHThl cneJJ.YIOmHe <PopMaThI JJ.aH-

B Ta6JIH'IHOM rrpoueccope

061J4uu, l/uc.J10Bou, Jl,eHeJK:Hblu, <PuHaHcOBblu, JI,ama, BpeMll, Ilpou,eHmHblu, ,l(po6Hblu, 3KcnoHeHU,UOJlbHblu, TeKcmoBblii, JI,ono11HumeAbHblU, Bee <J>opMambl. <l>opMaT 061J4UU rrpHMeHHeTCH ,llJIH BBOJJ.a H BbIBO,lla TeKCTOBbIX HJIH

HhIX:

l.J:HCJIOBhlX ,llaHHblX rrpOHJBOJibHOro rnrra. <l>opMaT lfuc.JI080U IIPHMeHHeTCH ,llJIH BBOJJ.a H BblBO.D.a IIOJIO)l(lffe.JibHblX H OTpHUaTe.JibHbIX l.J:HCeJI c $HKCHpOBaHHOi1 TOl.J:HOCTbIO ( orrpeJ],eJieHHbIM 'IHCJIOM JHaKOB IIOCJie JaIIHTOH). <l>opMaT Jl,eHeJK:HblU COOTBeTCTByeT no CTpYKTYPe 'IHCJIOBOMY <l>opMaTY, HO B HeM MO)l(HO Ja,llaBaTb o60JHa'leHHe J],eHe)l(HOH e)J,HHHUbl (py6.Jih, .D.OJIJiap CIIIA H JJ.p.). <l>opMaT JI,ama CJIY)l(HT JJ.JIH OT06paxeHID1 ,naTu1 6eJ yx:aJaHIDI BpeMeHH.

137

<l>opMaT

BpeM.R.

<l>opMaT

Ilpou,eHmHblU

c.riy:xan ,UJUI oTo6pIDKemrn BpeMeH11. rrp11MeID1eTCH ,UJUI BBO,D.a rum BbIBO,D.a q11ceJI,

3a,LJ,aHHbIX B Bl1,ll,e rrpou:eHTOB c yr<a3aH11eM 3HaKa q11cJIOM 3HaKOB ITOCJie 3aITHTOH.

% 11 orrpe,D.eJieHHbIM

<l>opMaT ,lJpo6HblU rrp11MeHHeTCH ,UJUI BbIBO,D.a pe3yJihTaTOB pacqern B ,D.p06HOM Bl1,ll,e. <l>opMaT

3KcnoHeHU,Ua.JlbHblU,

KaK rrpaBI1JIO, rrp11MeID1eTCH ,UJUI BbI-

BO,D.a pe3yJihTaTOB pacqern B 3KCITOHeHU:11aJibHOM Bl1,ll,e. <l>opMaT

TeKcmoBbtu

rrp11MeHHeTCH ,D.JIH BBO,D.a 11 BhIBO,D.a ,D.aHHhIX

B TeKCTOBOM Bl1,ll,e. Ilp11 3TOM c q11cJiaM11, BBe,D.eHHbIM:U B 3TOM <t>opMaTe, H:UKaKMe ,D.eHCTBMH He rrpOl13BO)J.HTCH. <l>opMaT

}Jono1mumeJ1bHblU

rrpe,D.Ha3HaqeH ,UJUI BBO,D.a ,D.aHHhIX T:urra

rroqToBoro :uH,D.eKca 11JIM HOMepa TeJie<t>oHa. Ilo KOMaH,D.e

Bee rjJopMambl

IIOJib30BaTeJib MmKeT BHeCT:U B ~eHKY

,D.aHHhie mo6oro T:urra.

q T06hI

3a,D.aTb <t>opMaT ,D.aHHbIX, BBO)J.:UMblX

:u.rr:u

OT06pa:xcaeMbIX

B ~ei1:Kax Ta6JIMU:hI, He06XO)J.:UMO BbIIIOJIHMTb CJie.IJYIO:w;:ue ,D.eHCTBMH: :::} ycTaHOBMTb rcypcop B COOTBeTCTByro:w;yIO ~eii:KY; :::} Bb16paTb B CTPOKe MeHIO KOMaH,D.y )J.:UaJIOroBOM OKHe -

KOMaH,D.y

JlrteUKU

<PopMam,

a B IIOHB:UBIIIeMCH

11.3); (p:uc. 11.4)

(p:uc.

:::} B CJie.IJYIO:w;eM IIOHB:UBIIIeMCH OKHe

BbI6paTb Heo6xo-

)J.:UMbIH <t>opMaT ~eHKM (,D.aHHbIX).

_____ _l:t___ ,,,6_,,_I·...._.-__ ___./_ B py6.nflX

3 000,00p 35,80%

O,OOp 10 OClJ,OOp O,OOp 30 OClJ,OOp

15,00% 25,00%

I I I

flMcTl~~~s;:-::-:-::-:-~-:---------

------.w. •

•I 11r

~· ~~j_~·". "Q~Ji•LRJl.&·ii(~6,·E~.g·ji.[ ... . .... ' ; ! r- . rr=;u;-r·r:-r

rQitBO

•nll* .J ~ 8 ~ i\ll

IJ QY"'6M<rt0~: .. j

PHC.

138

'W:Tblv.Mi. .. · t)MCM

11.3. ,LI;muIOroBoe

. liS!MicrooaftL

OKHO KOMaH,llbl

/~--

<PopMam

r@) ~artn ~a ftl«l 8CT~ll

cpC>Pf:)aT

C~ J,l¥ff.>18 Q.ti.HO ~a

!'--:"!':~'"'Te i ~ ~ .., · •

:i:

r. H o l1J E

• 10 •

ll IC !I

G ? x

""'"" 1 - - I -

I r,,...... I .... I """"• l

06uu"1

""""""" -"""'"

A'"°"'""'" A llT&

~eHTHbiH

AP06Hb11'1

lK'I: ~etcc+1

Hol1ep renecj:loHa Ta6eJlbHbll1 HOMep

3KCflOHeHU11ll1lbHbii

Tet;:CToeblH

Aonomne.llbHble~Tblnpe~"lel1blAftJI p.DJTblc 6a~AatflblX

~~9---

11 CTV1CKaMH aApecoe,

n-- ~

'''"' ""''

l •J

>.OOl!!J.f~ 1!>-~-~-;;'?"::;•j.

roroao

NUM

Jl!IMic•osolt L.

!Blil.t -~cl

1106

PHc. 11.4. OKHo Bhl6opa <t>opMaTa ;naHHblX MH Jl'IeHKH

0cH06Hoe H03HaiteHue ma611uitHblX npou,eccopo6 - 3mo a6moMamu3au,uR 6blnO/lHeHUJl pacitemHblX onepau,uu (qaCTO HX HCIIOJib3)'IOT )J)lSI .upyfHX u.ene:H, HarrpHMep BMeCTO TeKCTOBOfO pe,uaKTOpa). TaK KaK pacqeThI e rn6nnqHhIX rrpo:u;eccopax Excel ocHOBhIBaIOTCH Ha BbIIlOJIHeHHH anre6panqecKHx .ue:HCTBHH Ha):( .si:qeuKaMH Ta6JIHU.hl, paccMOTpHM cne.uyrom:ne TeXHOJiornqecKHe rrpHeMbl HX BhIIIOJIHeHHH: 880.U cllOPMYJI H rrpHMeHeHHe BCTpOeHHbIX <PYHKllHH. Beo.z. ct>opM)'JI B J111eiiKH Ta6JilllJ,LI. Ilpu BBO,Ue cllOPMYJihl B ffqeff:KY Heo6xo,uHMO co6mo.uaTh Te )Ke rrpaeHJia, KOTOpbie rrpuMeHHIOTCH rrpH 3aJIHCH anre6panqecKHX Bblpa)l(eHHH. Ilepe,n; cllOPMYJIOH Tpe6yeTCH BBeCTH 3HaK paBeHCTBa. Ha PHC. 11.5 IIOKa3aHa .si:qeff:Ka H15 c BBe,n;eHHOH B Hee <PopMyJIOH = H3 * H4 * H5, KOTopa.si: <PaKTnqecKH 03HaqaeT H 15 = H3 * H4 * H5. IlpwieM .si:qe:HKH H3 H H4 HMelOT qHcJioeoH: (6e3pa3MepHhIH) <PopMaT, a .si:qe'tfKa H5 - .n;ette)l(Hbiu, e pe3yJihTaTe .si:qenKa H15 6y.ueT HMeTb .n;eHe)l(HblH <PopMaT. 0630p BCTpoennhlX cl>ymmaii, npHMeHJ1eML1X AllJI pac11eTHblX onepaIUlii. Ta6JIJiqHhIH rrpo:u;eccop Excel co.uep)l(HT cJie.uyrom:He BCTpOeHHhie <PYHKllHH: MaTeMaTWieCKHe H TpHfOHOMeTpWiecKHe, CTaTHCTHqecKHe, cllHHaHCOBhie. Cym:ecTB)'IOT cne.uyrom:He crroco6b1 )J)lSI Bh{qHCJieHHH H o6pa6oTKH .uaHHbIX c rrpHMeHeHHeM BCTpOeHHbIX <PYHKUHU:

139

• 10

Pac'teT cme!W 3atpu Ha BbmonHeHne ,11,oroeopa Hcxod!fwe daHHwe iJ"!' ~'!_ma: _ _ KoJUt\lecreo cnel¥'a.mtcroe, Y"f~~TB.Y.IOllll1X s BblnOJJHBHHH pa6or Komt1.1ecreo MecRqe~ 1:1a _C03A~H~~- .!1POAJKTa

5 6

rtnara cne~a.n11~ra s p:r6m1x _E~11Hb1'1 co411~bHblH H~~r ~C_tj}__ .1--

2 3

CpeAHRR

6 3 OOJ,OOp. 35,00%

wecA~~aR -~~pa6o~aR

o,oop.

KowaHA11poso4H~~_pac_xoA~- ' _ tl 3arpaTbA Ha Marep11aJ11>1 H KOMnne!<'YIOU(He

7 8

lOnmna ycn_)'r cropoHHl1X _opratooa4..HH

l npHo6_peTBHl1B -061J.P.:tAC>BaHHR 1 :Ha1U1a_AHble pacXOAbl s % oraarpar }jnJ1aH11pye~aR _np116bl~b 8 % OT CTOHMOCTH ~a6or

11 ~;

10 OOJ,OOp.

-+t +

O,OOp. 30 OOJ,OOp. 15,00% 25,00%

14>--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.6-0-T+-~--+~~~~

~~t--~-=t~~~~~~~~~~-t-~~-t-~--1~-=;;C='~ IB

3000JOO

19>--~--±~~~~..,........,._,~~~~-+-~~+--~--<~,0=3~33=2~~0,,.__,.

~t-~~;:::=~'=:"::Sc::='~~inCT~~-r-~~-r-~--t~,:~~~:i'~,~:::;;"'t: ~r-~-;;t,,---~~~..,,....'7,;,,,....~~~~~......,,,~;;:;:;;--t7,!9~a~~~~1~~~~:

f4. •

lleiicr-·

~ti

Aer-·" "00~.fljj

J•J <l>·~·.1.·""""

e••.

PHc. 11.5. IlpHMep sso.na <t>opM}'JibI B .siqeit.KY

• Henocpe)lcTBeHHbIH BBO.ll <l>YHKUHH B S111CHKY ( C'fPOKY pe)laKTHpoBaHIDI); • npHMeHeHHe MaCTepa <l>YHKIJ;HH; • npHMeHeHHe MaCTepa aBTOMaTH'leCKOro C}'MMHPOBaHIDI )laHHbIX. IlpH BBO.lle <l>YHKIJ;HH B S111CHKY npHMeIDIIOTCSI Te )KC rrpaBHJia, 1ITO H rrpH BBO.n;e <l>OPM}'JI. <l>opMaT BBO.n;a BblqHCIDICMOH <l>YHKIJ;HH BbirIDl)J;HT c11e.n:yIOlllHM o6pa3oM: = <11MJI <l>YHKU1111>(11MEHA 5J:qEEK). 11MeHa srqeeK - 3TO apryMeHTbI <l>YHKIJ;HH. IlpH JanHCH apryMeHTOB <l>YHKIJ;HH He06XO.llHMO co6JIIO)J;aTb CJie.nyIOlllHe rrpaeHJia. 1. EcJIH apryMeHTOM <l>YHKIJ;HH SIBIDIIOTCSI OT)J;eJibHble He CMe)l(Hble Me)l()J.y co6o:H srqeHKH, TO HX 3aIIHCbIBaIOT qepe3 TOqKY c JaIISITOH: = CYMM(H19;H23). 2. Ec11H apryMeHTOM <l>YHKU:HH SIBJISIIOTCSI cMe)l(Hbie no cT0116llY HJIH CTpOKe gqetl:KH, TO HX JaIIHCbIBaIOT qepe3 )lBOeToqHe: = CYMM(H19:H23). B rrepeoM CJIY1Iae rrpoHJBO.llHTCSI CYMMHpoeaHHe .n;aHHbIX HJ srqeeK H19 H H23, a eo BTopoM - BbIIIOJIIDieTcsr CYMMHpoeaHHe .n;aHHblX, HaxO)lSlll(HXCSI B srqetl:Kax c 19 no 23 CT0116u:a H, B COOTBeTCTBHH c <l>opM}'JIOH = H19 + H20 + H21 + H22 + H23. 3. EcJIH <l>)'HKIUISI BbIIIOJIHSleTCSI ,lJ)ISI 6JIOKa CMe)l(HbIX Sl'leeK no C'fPOKaM H CTOJI6U:aM (IIPSIMOyrOJibHOro 6JIOKa), TO B KaqecTBe ee apry-

140

M8CA~B Ha C03A8~11'! neoAyKTa

L __

e~A4HaA 3apa6o.TH~~ .i:u1ara 11cil!n•m"ii"•f!i"c"crli'a!"m"ilv6i!"ii!"xlll!l!liliiiiil•••••••••••lll~ Ha.JlOr (!:-~_tj)

_4'114JlbHb1H

1111

BCl:~_Hbl8 ea_~~O.qbl_

9 10

tareropi.m:

·_

!{1yl«UHR<

;a:~;:~11 = ~~i:!~ ~!1'!!11!11111111!1!1!1!11••8 "'CP"'3HA=4,------------.

;Hte 060:eYAOBSH~~~- -~~

ECfl1

11 _paCXOAbl ~ % o~3_arpar

_aA

np116bl1b

r>r<PCCbUl<A

cq;,

~r0_!1M(

MAKC

SIN ~Cfl1

..:.f

mnAT CTAHAOTKllOH

PHc. 11.6. OKHo Macrepa <l>YHKUHit

i--

-~j.

----+-

78666,Cl)if 118831,00p+

PHc. 11. 7. OKHo AJUl BBo.na 3Ha'!eHHH apryMeHTOB H pe3yJibTaToB o6pa6oTKH ,ll;aHHbIX

141

MeHTOB 6epyr )];Be 51qeil:KH

u KpaUHIOIO CYMM(Al;C2) 03HaqaeT, qTO rpe6yAl + B 1 + C 1 + A2 + B2 + C2. Kpau111010 6epXHIOIO Jle6yl0

HUJ1CH1010 npa6y10, T.e. 3arrttcb=

eTC51 Bb1qwcnmh CYMMY 51qeeK AHanorwqHbie 3a;::i:aqw MO)l(HO pernaTb c rrpttMeHemrnM MacTepa cPYHIGJ;HM. ,[(mI :noro Heo6xo;::i:HMO:

=> ycTaHOBHTb KYPCOp B

51qeil:KY, B KOTOpoil: rrpOH3BO)J;HTC51 Bblqlfc-

JieHHe;

BhI6paTb B crpoKe Memo KOMaH.lJ:Y Bcma6Ka H B rro51BHBIIIeMc51

CIIHCKe BbI6paTb KOMaH)];y </>yHKU,Wl, B pe3yJibTaTe qero OTKpOeTC51 OKHO

11.6); => BbI6paTb H3 11051BHBIIIeroc51 CIIHCKa HHTepecyio:uzyIO cPYHKIIHIO H HIDKaTb KHOIIKY [OK], B pe3yJibTaTe OTKpoeTC51 OKHO AJI5I BBO)J;a 3HaqeHHM 51qeeK, BXOMmHX B aprYMeHT cPYHKIIHH (pHC. 11. 7); => BBeCTH B COOTBeTCTBYJOmHe IIOJ151 HMeHa 5{qeeK, IIOCJie qero II0MaCTepa <l>YHKIIHM (pHC.

51BHTC51 pe3yJibTaT BbIIIOJIHeHHbIX BbNHCJieHHM (3HaqeHHe cPYHKIIHH);

HIDKaTb KHOIIKY

[OK] AJI5I

BBe;::i:eHAA pe3yJibTaTa B COOTBeTCTBY-

IO:uzyIO 5{qeMKY. KOHTpOnbHble eonpOCbl

1. ,[(JI5I qero rrpHMeIDIIOTC51 Ta6JittqHbie rrpou;eccopbl H KaKOBhl rrpHHU:HIIhl BhlqHcJieHHM B 3THX rrporpaMMHhIX CHCTeMax? 2. ,ll.ai1Te orrpe)l;eJieHH51 OCHOBHhIX 3JieMeHTOB CHCTeMhI Excel: KHHra, JIHCT, Hqei1Ka. 3. qTo 03Haqa10T B cwcTeMe Excel BhipffiKeHH51 A5=Al + B3+ B4= B3 B4/A7 (TeKcT, cpopM)'ny, qwcno)? 4. KaKHe rpyrrrrhI BCTpoeHHhIX ct>YHKUHM co,JJ;ep:lKJfT rn6JittqHhIM rrpoueccop Excel? 5. KaKHe cymecTByIOT crroco6b1 Bh1qwcneHHH w o6pa6oTKH ,JJ;aHHhIX c rrpwMeHettweM BCTpOeHHhIX ct>YHKUHM? 6. KaK orrpe,JJ;eJIHIOTCH w 3arrwchrna10TcH apryMeHThI ct>YHKIIHM? 7. KaKoBo Ha3Haqettwe cJie)];yIOIIIHX cpopMaToB ,JJ;aHHhIX: 06w,uu, l/uc!lo6ou,

)1,eneJ1CHbllt, )1,ama, BpeMR?

8. KaKOBa IIOCJie,JJ;OBaTeJihHOCTh ,JJ;eMCTBHM rrpw BBO,JJ;e TeKCTa B Hqei1KH Ta6JIHilhI H rrpw pe,JJ;aKTHpOBaHHH ero? 9. KaKOBa IIOCJie,JJ;OBaTeJihHOCTh ,JJ;eMCTBHM rrpw BBO,JJ;e cpopMyJI B HqeMKH Ta6JIHilhI?

rnasa 12 TEXHOnon1s:1

<l>~HAHCOBblX

PAC4ETOB B CPE.QE EXCEL

12.1. MoAeint 111 MeTOAbl <1>111HaHcoeo-aK0HoM111"1ecK111x pac"leToe PacCMOTPHM HeKOTOphie IIOIDITIDI, orrpe;::i;eJieHIDI H MeTO,ll;hl, rrpHMeIDieMbie B KJiaCCWieCKHX qmHaHCOB0-3KOHOMHqecKHX pacqeTax, KOTOphie IIOJIHOCThIO COOTBeTCTBYIOT HMeIOIIIHMCH <j:>HHaHCOBhIM

<l>YHK-

U:IDIM Excel. KoJIWiecTBeHHhIH <j:>HHaHCOBhIH aHaJIH3 rrpe;::i;rroJiaraeT rrpHMeHeHHe yHH<j:>HI.J;HpOBaHHhIX MO,ll;eJie:H H MeTO,ll;OB pacqeTa <j:>HHaHCOBhIX rroKaJareJie:H. YcJIOBHO MeTOAhI <j:>HHaHcoBoro pacqeTa rro;::i;paJ;::i;eJIHIOT Ha )];Be KaTeropHH: 6a30Bble H rrpHKJia,ll;Hble. K

6a306blM MemoiJaM

<j:>HHaHCOBhIX pacqeTOB OTHOCHTCH:

• orrpe;::i;eJieHHe rrpOCThlX H CJIO)l(HhlX rrpou:eHTOB, HBJIHIOII.J;HeCH ocHOBOH orrepaQHH, CBH3aHHhIX c HapaII.J;eHHeM HJIH ,ll;HCKOHTHpOBaHHeM IIJiarexe:H; • pacqeT IIOCJie,ll;OBaTeJihHOCTe:H (IIOTOKOB) IIJiaTexe:H IIPHMeHHTeJibHO K pa3JIWIHhIM BH,ll;aM <j:>HHaHCOBhIX peHT.

IIpu1<:JlaOHblMU MemoiJaMu

<j:>HHaHCOBhIX pacqeTOB HBJIHIOTCH:

• IIJiaHHpoBam1e H OQeHKa 3<j:><j:>eKTHBHOCTH <j:>HHaHCOBO-Kpe,ll;HTHhlX orrepau;H:H; • pacqeT CTJ)aXOBhIX aHH)'HTeToB; • IIJiaHHPOBaHHe rrorarneHIDI ,ll;OJirocpoqHOH 3a,ll;OJI)l{eHHOCTH; • IIJiaHHpOBami:e rrorarneHIDI HIIOTeqHhIX ccy;::i; H IIOTJ)e6HTeJibCKHX Kpe,ll;HTOB; • <j:>HHaHCOBbie pacqeTbl 110 u:eHHhIM 6YMaraM; • JIH3HHroBhie, <j:>aKTOPHHroBbie H <j:>op<j:>e:HTHHrDBbie 6aHKOBCKHe orrepaQHH; • IIJiaHHPOBam1e H aHaJIH3 HHBeCTHQHOHHhIX rrpoeKTOB H ;::i;p. Oco6eHHOCThIO Bcex <j:>HHaHCOBhIX pacqeToB HBJIHeTcH BpeMeHHaH u:eHHOCTh ;::i;etter, T. e. IIPHHU:HII HepaBHOQeHHOCTH ;::i;eHer B pa3Hble MOMeHThI BpeMeHH. Ilpe;::i;rroJiaraeTcH, qTo rronyqeHHaH cero;::i;IDI CYMMa o6Jia;::i;aeT 60Jibllle:H u:eHHOCThIO, qeM ee 3KBHBaJieHT, KOTOpbIH 6y;::i;eT rronyqeH B 6y)l;yII.J;eM, T.e. qTo IIJiaHHpyeMbie IIOCTYIIJieHHH 6y;::i;yT Mettee 1.1;eHHhIMH, qeM TeKYII.J;He. HepaBHOI.J;eHHOCTh o;::i;HHaKOBhIX no a6coJIIOTHOMY 3HaqeHHIO CYMM CBH3aHa eII.J;e H c TeM, qTo O,ll;HHaKOBbie CYMMhl HHBeCTHPOBaHHhIX B pa3Hhie rrepHO,ll;hl ;::i;eHer 6y;::i;yT rrpHHOCHTh pa3Hhii1 ;::i;oxo;::i; B 6y;::i;yII.J;eM. OcHOBHhIMH IIOIDITIDIMH <j:>HHaHCOBhIX pacqeToB HBJIHIOTCH:

• npou,eHm -

a6coJIIOTHhii1 ;::i;oxo;::i; OT ;::i;etter, rrpe;::i;ocTaBJIHeMhIX

B ;::i;oJir B JII06o:i1 ero <j:>opMe;

143

• npou,eHmHaJl cma61Ca -

OTHOCHTeJibHbIM )J,OXO)J, 3a <l>HKCHpOBaH-

HbIM HHTepBaJI BpeMeHH, H3Mepsi:eMbIM B rrpoueHTaX, HJIH 3aIIHCbIBaeMblM B BH,LJ,e ,L1,p06H;

• nepuoa HQ"IUC/leHWl -

HHTepBaJI BpeMeHH, K KOTOpoMY IIPHYPO-

qeHa rrpoueHTHaH crnaKa;

• 1;Canuma.t1U30U,Wl npou,enmoB -

rrpHcoe,LJ,HHeHHe HaqHcJieHHbIX rrpo-

ueHTOB K OCHOBHOM C}'MMe;

• napaw,enue -

yaeJiffqeHHe rrepBoHaqaJibHOM C}'MMbI B pe3yJibTaTe

KaIIHTaJIH3aUHH;

• auc1COHmUp06QHUe -

rrepecqeT CTOHMOCTHOM BeJiffqHHbl, OTHOCH-

I.UeMCH K 6y,LJ,yI.UeMY, Ha HeKOTOpblii:, 06bNHO 6oJiee pattHHM, MOMeHT BpeMeHH (T.e. orrepauHH, o6pamasi: HapameHHIO).

$HHaHCOBblX pacqeTax paJJiffqaJOT cJie,LJ,yIOmHe BH,LJ,bl rrpoueHT-

HblX CTaBOK: • B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT 6a3bl )J,JIH HaqHcJieHHH rrpoueHTOB H

npocmble

CllOJICHble; • no npHHUHIIY pacqeTa -

HapameHHH, T.e.

ae1CypcUBHy10,

H yqeT-

ttyIO, T. e. anmucunamu6Hy10; • no noCTOHHCTBY 3HaqeHHH B reqeHHe ,LJ,eMCTBHH KOHTpaKTa -

cupo6aHHble

Tl/IQ6010W,Ue,

rjJUIC-

T. e. 3aBHCHI.UHe OT roro, <l>HKCHPYeTCH JIH

H3MeHHIOI.UaHCH BO BpeMeHH 6aJa H pa3Mep Ha,u6aBKH K Heit

6330Bble MO.Z.e.JIH cl>HHaeCOBhlX onepaD;Hii Pa3JIHqHe crroco6oB HaqHcJieHHH rrpoueHTOB OT C}'MMbI ,LJ,eHer, rrpe,LJ,ocTaBJIHeMoii: B ,LJ,OJir B JII06o:H <l>opMe, orrpe,LJ,eJIHeT H paJJiffqHe BH,Ll,OB rrpoueHTHblX CTaBOK. IlpoueHTbl pa3JlffqalOTCH no 6a3e HX HaqHcJieHHH. IlpH HCIIOJib30BaHHH IIOCJie,LJ,OBaTeJibHO H3MeHHIOI.UeMCH 6a3bl )J,JIH pacqeTa rrpoueHTOB Ja 6a30BYIO rrpHHHMaIOT CYMMY, rronyqeHHYIO B pe3yJibTaTe HapameHHH HJIH ,LJ,HCKOHTHPOBaHHH. IlpH noCTOHHHOM 6a3e HaqHcJieHHH HCIIOJib3YIQT rrpOCTbie rrpoueHTHbie CTaBKH, a rrpH rrepeMeHHOM -

IlpocTble npoQellTllble CTaeKH.

CJIO)l(Hbie.

PacCMOTPHM OCHOBHbie THIIbl MO,LJ,e-

Jieii: <l>HHaHCOBblX pacqeTOB Ha OCHOBe rrpOCTblX rrpoueHTHblX CTaBOK.

Hapaw,enue no npocmou npou,enmHou cmaBKe.

IlpH BhmoJIHeHHH ,LJ,aH-

Hoii: orrepauHH HCIIOJib3YIQTCH CJie,LJ,yIOmHe o603HaqeHHH H <l>OPMYJibI:

I p-

npoueHTbI Ja Beeb cpoK ccy,LJ,hI; nepBOHaqaJibHaH C}'MMa )J,OJira;

S-

HapameHHaH C}'MMa .aoJira B KOHUe cpoKa ccy,LJ,hI;

i -

CTaBKa HapameHHH (B BH,LJ,e ,LJ,eCSJ:TffqHOM ,L1,p06H);

n -

cpoK ccy,LJ,hI (o6biqHo ro.ahl);

t -

qffCJIO ,LJ,Heii: ccy,LJ,bI;

K-

qHcJio .aHeii: B ro.ay;

I =Pni; S= P+ I= P+ Pni= P(l + ni); 144

(12.1) (12.2)

n=-

x·

(12.3)

06bl'IHO K Hapa:w;emno no rrpOCThIM rrpo:u;eHTHbIM CTaBKaM rrp116era10T rrpH Bbl,ll;aqe KpaTKOCpoqHbIX ccy.n; (.n;o O,ll;HOro ro.n;a) IDIH B c.rryqaID{, Kor.n;a rrpo:u;eHThl He rrp11coe,n;11ID110TcR K CYMMe ,n;oJira, a rrepHo.n;~ecKH BbIIIJ1aq11aa10TCR Kpe.n;HTOPY. BM6op aap11aHTa pacqeTa orrpe.n;eAAeTcR: • 6a30BOH ,ll;JIHTeJibHOCTb10 ro.n;a (K = 360 .n;He:U - o6blKH06eHHble IDIH KO.M.Mep11ecKue rrpo:u;eHTbl, H K = 365, 366 .n;He:U - mo11nble rrpo:u;eHThl); • 6a30BblM ~CJIOM .n;He:U B MeCR:u;e (30 .n;He:H HJIH TOqHoe ~CJIO KaJieH,n;apHbIX .n;He:U); • pacrrpe.n;eneHHeM Haq11cneHHR rrpo:u;eHTOB B CMeXHhIX KaJieH,n;apHbIX rrep110.n;ax ( o6:w;aR CYMMa rrpo:u;eHTOB .n;eJIHTCH Me)l(Jly CMe)J(HblMH rrep110.n;aMH cornacHo <t>aKTifl!eCKHM ,n;aTaM); • HaJIHqHeM rrepeMeHHhIX CTaBOK (B CYMMe Hapa:w;eHHR yqlITbIBaeTcH ,ll;JIHTeJibHOCTb .n;e:UCTBHH KIDK)lOH nepeMeHHOH CTaBKH); • ycnoBHRMH peHHBecTHpOBaHHR cpe.n;cTB. PeHHaecTHpoaaHHe cpe.n;cTB npe.n;cnmm1eT co6o:U Heo,n;HOKPaTHoe IIOCJie,n;oBaTeJibHOe Hapa:w;eHHe no npOCTbIM npo:u;eHTHblM CTaBKaM B rrpe.n;enax 3a,n;aHHoro cpoKa. Hapa:w;eHHaR CYMMa 3a aecb cpoK ccy.n;hl

(12.4) r.n;e n1 - rrpo,n;o.JDKHTeJibHOCTb rrep110.n;a .n;eifcTBHR ccy.n;b1; i1 - CTaBKa peHHBeCTHPOBaHHR. EcJIH rrep110,n;b1 Haq11cJiemrn H CTaBKH He H3MeIDIIOTCR, Hapa:w;eHHaR CYMMa

(12.5) r.n;e m - qHCJIO peHHBeCTHI.J;HH. Hapaw,enue u BblnAama npou,enmo« « nompe6umeAbCKOM Kpeoume. B 3TOM cnyqae HCIIOJib3yeTCR MeTo.n; pa3oaoro Haq11cJieHHR rrpo:u;eHTOB Ha BCIO cyMMY Kpe,n;HTa c rrp11coe.n;11HeHHeM HX K OCHOBHOMY ,ll;OJiry a MOMeHT OTKPbITHR Kpe.n;11Ta. Bb1IIJ1aTa Kpe.n;HTa rrpo113ao,n;HTCR c rrep110,n;11qHOCTb10 m pa3 B ro.n; B TeqeHHe n neT, T. e. rrorarneHHe ,n;oJira c rrpo:u;eHTaMH rrpOH3BO,ll;HTCR qacTRMH Ha rrpornxeHHH Bcero cpoKa Kpe.n;HTa. B 3TOM cnyqae Hapa:w;eHHaR CYMMa ,n;oJira

S= P(l + ni),

(12.6)

a CYMMa paJoaoro rrorac11TeJibHoro IIJ1arexa

R=-

(12.7)

mn' r.n;e S - Hapa:w;eHHaR CYMMa .n;onra; P - rrepaoHaqaJibHaR CYMMa ccy,ll;hI; n - cpoK Kpe.n;HTa; m - q11cJio IIJ1arexe:U B ro.n;y.

145

jjuc1w1tmupo6a1tue u yttem no npocmblM npou,eHmHblM cma6KOM.

,[l,11c-

KOHT11poBaH11e 03HaqaeT 11epecqeT CT011MOCTHOro 110Ka3aTellil, OTHOCHrn;eroCH K 6y;:t,yJJ.J:eM)', Ha HeKOTOpbIM, 6oJiee paHH11M, MOMeHT BpeMeH11. ,[l,aHHaH 3a,n:aqa HBIDleTCH o6paTHOM Haparn;eH11IO 11pou;eHTOB, T. e. 110

S 011pe,ll;eJU1eTCH P. B

KOHmupyemcR

3TOM cnyqae roBOPHT, qTo CYMMa

S iJuc-

(HJI11 yq11TbIBaeTcH), caM 11pou;ecc Haq11cJieHMH 11pou;eH-

TOB 11 HX y,ll;ep)l(aHMH Ha3bIBaIOT

yttemoM,

a y,ll;ep)l(aHHbie 11pou;eHTbl -

iJucKoHmOM. CYMMa

Haii:)l;eHHaH c 110Morn;bIO )];11CKOHT11poBaHMH, Ha3bIBaeT-

CH C06peMeHHOU Kanuma/lU3Up060HHOU cmoUMocmblO.

B 3aB11c11MocT11 OT BH)l;a 11pou;eHTHo:H cTaBKH 11p11MeHHIOT )];Ba BH)l;a )];11CKOHTIIPOBaHMH: MaTeMaTwqecKoe )];11CKOHT11POBaH11e 11 6aHKOBCKHM (KOMMepqecKH:H) yqeT. Ilp11 MaTeMaT11qecKOM )];11CKOHT11pOBaH1111 paccqHTblBaIOTCH )];11CKOHTHbIM MHO)l(HTeJib 11 )l;HCKOHT

(D)

co BCe:H CYMMbl )l;OJira

(S):

P=--路 1 +ni'

(12.8)

D=S-P路

(12.9)

TaKHM o6pa3oM pernaeTCH 3a,n:aqa, o6parnaH 3a,n:aqe HapameHMH 11epBOHaqaJibHOM CYMMbl CCY)l;bl, T. e. 011pe,ll;eJU1eTCH, KaKYIO 11epBOHaqaJibttyIO CYMMY Ha,n:o )l;aTh B )l;OJir, qT06b1 110Jiyq11Tb B KoHu;e cpoKa CYMMY Ke

S 11p11 ycJioB1111,

qTo Ha ;::i:oJir Haq11cJU1IOTCH 11poueHTbI 110 cTaB-

Ilp11 3TOM )];11CKOHTHblM MHO)l(HTeJib, paBHblM

1/(1 + ni),

110Ka3bl-

BaeT, KaKYIO .ll:OJIIO COCTaBJIHeT 11epBOHaqaJibHaH CYMMa )l;OJira B OKOHqaTeJibHOM CYMMe. Ilp11 6aHKOBCKOM (KOMMepqecKOM) yqeTe 11pou;eHTbl Haq11cJU1IOT-

Ha CYMMY, 110.ll:Jle)l(amyIO yrrJiaTe B KOHUe cpoKa, cornacHo yqeT-

Ho:H CTaBKe

d: P= S- Snd= S(l - nd);

(12.10)

D=Snd,

(12.11)

T. e . .n:11cKOHTHb1:H MHO)l(HTeJih

P= (1 - nd).

IlpOCTaH yqeTHaH CTaBKa 11p11MeHHeTCH 11Hor.n:a 11p11 pacqeTe HapameHHOM CYMMbI. EcJI11 113BeCTHa TeKYrn:aH CYMMa ;::i:oJira 11 Tpe6yeTcH 011pe;::i:eJI11Tb ero 6y.n:ymyIO CT011MOCTb, TO 11p11 11Cl10Jib30BaH1111 yqeTHOM cTaBKH

p S=-1-nd'

1 1 _ nd -

r.n:e

(12.12)

MHO)l(HTeJib Haparn;eHMH.

CJIOlKHLie npou,eemwe cTaBKH.

Ilp11cpe;::i:HecpoqHbIX11 ;::i:oJirocpoq-

HbIX <t>11HaHCOBO-Kpe,ll;11THbIX 011epauMHx, eCJI11 11poueHTbl He BbII1Jia-

146

'll1BaIOTCH Cpa3y xe IIOCJie MX Haq11cJieHMH, a IIpMCOe)J,MHHIOTCH K CYMMe .u.o.rrra, )1)UI HapameHMH npMMeHHIOTcH cJIO)Kllbie npou:eHTHhie cTaBKM. oa3a .ll;JIH HaqMcJieHMH CJIO)K:HblX IIPOU:eHTHbIX CTaBOK yseJIMqMBaeTCH c

K~blM

nepMO)J,OM BbIIIJiaT. IIp11coe.u.11HeH11e Haq11cneHHhIX npou:eHTOB K CYMMe .u.onra, KOTO-

paH CJIY)K:MT 6a3o:H

AJIH MX Haq11cneHMH, Ha3b1Ba10T Kanuma.tlU3at1iueu

npot1ieHmo6. <l>opMyna AJIH pacqern HapameHHOH CYMMhI B KOHU:e n- ro ro.u.a np11 ycnoBMM, qTo npou:eHThI Haq11cJ1H10TcH O.U.MH pa3 B ro.u.y, MMeeT BM,!l;

(12.13) r.u.e P - nepBoHaqaJihHhlH pa3Mep .u.onra; i - cTaBKa HapameHIDI no CJIO)K:HhlM npou:emaM; n - q11cno neT HapameHMH. IIpou:eHThl 3a 3TOT xe nep110.u.

neT) HaxO.u.HT no cPOPMYJie

l = S - P= P(l + i)n - P= P[(l + l)n - 1]. Benwq11Ha

q = ( 1 + i)n

(12.14)

Ha3brnaeTcH MHOXMTeJieM HapameHIDI no

CJIO)K:HblM npou:eHTaM, a cPOPMYJia MYJIOH AJIH MX pacqern.

(12.13)

HBJIHeTCH OCHOBHOH cl>op-

IIpou:eHThI 3a K~hIH nocne.u.yiom11:H ro.u. ysen11q11BaIOTCH. M AJIH HeKOTOporo npoMexyTOqHoro ro.u.a t paccq11Tb1Ba10TCH IIO cPOPMYJie

(12.15) r.u.e t=

1, 2, ... , n.

IIp11 MCIIOJib30BaHMM CJIO)K:HbIX npou:eHTHhIX CTaBoK B03HMKaIOT Te xe npo6JieMbI, qTo M IIPM MCIIOJlb30BaHMM IIPOCTblX npou:eHTHblX CTaBOK. IIp11 Haq11cneHMM npou:eHTOB B cMe)K:HhIX KaJieH)J.apHbIX nep110.u.ax 06m11:H cpoK ccy.u.h1 .u.enMTCH Ha .U.Ba nep110.u.a cpoK n

n 1 11

n 2. Tor.u.a 3a Beeb

(12.16) a 3a nepMO)J,bl

COOTBeTCTBeHHO

11 = p [ (1 +

= p [ (1

it -1];

+ ir - (1 +if'

(12.17)

(12.18)

Heo6XO)J,MMO OTMeTMTb, qTo OCHOBHaH cPOPMYJia )1)UI pacqeTa CJIOXHbIX npou:eHTOB

(12.13) npe.u.nonaraeT IIOCTOHHttyIO npou:eHTttyIO CTaB-

Ha npoTHXeHMM Bcero cpoKa .u.e:HcTBMH ccy.u.h1. 0.u.HaKo qacTo 11cIIOJih3yIOT IIJiaBa10m11e MJIM nepeMeHHbie npou:eHTHbie cTaBKM. Tor.u.a HapameHHaH CYMMa

147

(12.19) r.ue ii>, i2, ... , ik, - nocJie.llOBaTeJibHbie BO BpeMeHH 3HaqeHIDI npou;eHTHbIX CTaBoK; n" n2, ... , nk> - MHTeJibHOCTH nepHO.llOB, B TeqeHHe KOTOpblX HCnOJib3YJOTCH COOTBeTCTBYJOW:He CTaBKH . .l(JISI HaqHcJieHIDI npou;eHToB npH .upo6HoM cpoKe ccy.llhl n Hcnonb3YJOTCH )lBa MeTO.lla pacqeTa: o6w,uu, 3aKJIIOqa10rn;HHCH B npHMOM pacqeTe no <l>OPMYJie ( 12.13), H CMeUlaHHblu, npe)lnonaraIOrn;HU: HaqHcneHHe npou;eHToB Ja u;enoe qHcno neT a no <l>OPMYJie CJIO)l(HbIX npou;eHTOB H Ja .upo6Hyio qacTb nepHO.lla b no <t>oPMYJie npocTbIX npou;eHToB:

a+b=n;

S= P(l + i) 0 (1 +bi).

(12.20)

3aMeTHM, ~ npH pacqere no CMeIIIaHHOMY MeTOJlY CYMMa HaqHcJieHHH OKa3b1BaeTCH 6onhrne, a npH b 1/2 otta MaKCHMaJibHa.

Hapaw,eHue u oucKoHmupoBaHue no CJIOJICHblM npou.eHmHblM cmaBKOM. ConOCTilBHB pe3yJibTilT Haparn;eHIDI CYMMbI npH pacqere no CJIOIHhIM npou;eHTHhlM CTilBKaM c pe3yJibTaTOM npH pacqere no rrpocThIM npou;eHTHhlM CTaBKaM, YBHJlHM, ~ MH cpoKa ccy.llhl MeHbrne ro)la CYMMa npocThlX npou;eHTOB, KaK npaBHJIO, 6onbrne CYMMhl CJIO:xcHblX npou;eHTOB, a MH cpoKa ccy.llhl 6oJibIIIe ro)la nonyqHM o6paTHhlH pe3YJibTaT. Ilpou;eHThl KanHTaJIH3HPYJOTCH o6wqHo HeCKOJibKO pa3 B ro)l. EcnH fO.llOBaH HOMHHaJibHaH CTaBKa j, qHCJIO nepHO.llOB KanHTaJIH3all;HH B fOJlY m, a o6rn;ee qttcno nepHOJlOB HaqttcneHIDI N = nm, TO KlUKJlbIH pa3 npou;eHTbI HaqHcAAIOTCH no cTaBKej/m. Tor)la Haparn;eHHaH CYMMa .llOJira

S= P(l + j/m)N.

(12.21)

3<P<PeKmU6HaJl cma6Ka - 3TO fO.llOBaH CTaBKa CJIO)l{HbIX npou;eHTOB, o6ycJiaBJIHBaIOrn;aH TOT xe pe3yJibTaT, qTo H npH m-pa30BOM HaqffCJiemrn npou;eHTOB no CTilBKe j/m. 0603HaqHB 3<l><l>eKTHBHYJO CTaBKY qepe3 i, 3anHIIIeM

i = (1 + j/m)m - 1.

(12.22)

.ll:HCKOHTHpoBaHHe no CTaBKe CJIO)l(HblX npou;eHTOB, eCJIH npou;eHTbl HaqHCAAIOTCH m pa3 B fOJlY, ocyrn;eCTBAAeTCH no <l>OPMYJiaM

s (1 +if' D=S- P.

(12.23)

(12.24)

BenHqHHa P B 3TOM cnyqae Ha3bIBaeTCH co6peMeHHou cmoUMo-

cmbJO S.

148

Ilp11 pacqeTe no

C/lOJICHoii y11emHoii cmaBKe d

npou,ecc AHCKOHTH-

posaHIDI npOHCXOAHT c 3aMe.arreHHeM, TaK KaK yqeTHa.sl CTaBKa npHMeIDieTCH K CYMMe, yxe AHCKOHTHpOBaHHOH Ha npe.nhl,Dyll.l,eM :nane:

(12.25) Ec;rn AHCKOHTHposaHHe no yqeTHOH CTaBKe npoH3BOAHTCH

m pa3

HOMUHOJlbHOUfH 3<jJ<jJeKmU6HOU gyqeT-

B ro;:zy, HCnOJib3YJOTCH noIDITHH HbIX CTaBOK:

(12.26) 3ct>ct>eKTHBHa.sl yqeTHa.sI CTaBKa xapaKTepH3yeT pe3yJibTaT AHCKOHTHPOBaHIDI 3a ro.n. Hapall.l,eHHe CYMMhl npH pacqeTe no CJIO)KHOH yqeTHo:H CTaBKe:

(12.27)

(1-dr S=

(1- ~ )mn

(12.28)

OnpeoeAeHue cpoKa MameJtCa u npou,eHmHblX cmaBoK. CpoK IIJiaTexa j H 3cl>cl>eKTHBHOH i npou,eHT-

paccqHThIBaeTCH AJIH HOMHHaJibHOH

HOH CTaBOK COOTBeTCTBeHHO no cPOPMYJiaM

log(S/ P) .

mlog(l +

~ )'

log(S/P) - log(l + i) 路

n - --'-----'-

(12.29)

(12.30)

IlpH AHCKOHTHPOBaHHH no CJIO)KHOH fOAOBOH yqeTHOH CTaBKe HOMHHaJibHOH yqeTHOH CTaBKe

cpoK IIJiaTeJKa onpe.neJIHeTCH COOT-

BeTCTBeHHO no cPOPMYJiaM

n- log(S/ P) . - log(l-d)' log(S/ P) n=

(

f ).

(12.31)

(12.32)

mlog 1- m

149

3$cpeKTHBHaH npou;eHTHaH CTaBKa

H HOMHHa.JlbHaH npou;eHTHaH

cTaBKa j npH HapameHHH CYMMbI no CJIO)l{HOH ro.uoBoH: CTaBKe

m pa3

B ro.uy COOTBeTCTBeHHO onpe.ueJIHIOTCH no <l>OPMYJiaM

i = ~S/P-1; j

= m~S/P-1.

.[(HCKOHTHPOBaHHe no CJIO)l(HOH yqeTHOH CTaBKe HOH yqeTHOH CTaBKe

(12.33) (12.34) d

H HOMHHa.Jlb-

cooTBeTCTBeHHO onpe.ueJIHeTCH no cpopMYJiaM

(12.35) (12.36)

MO,Zl,eJIB DOTOKOB DJiaTelK:ei B tBBaeCOBYX peHT llomoK -

3TO nocne.uoBaTeJihHOCTh TIJiaTexeH: onpe.ueneHHoro Ha-

rrpaBJieHHH. IloJio)J(HTeJibHbie TIJiare)J(H 03HaqaJOT rrocTYTIJieHHe .ueHer, OTPHU:aTeJibHbie -

BbITIJiazy .ueHer. IlOTOK COCTOHT H3 OT,UeJibHbIX 't/le-

H06 nomoKa.

noTOKH TIJiaTe)l{eH KJiaccHcpHu;HpYJOTCH no pa3JIHqHhIM rrpH3HaKaM. no nepHO,UlfqHOCTH IlpOTeKaHHH IIOTOKH ,UeJIHTCH Ha pe2yARpHble H Hepe2yJ1Rp1tble.

noTOK, BCe qneHbl KOToporo nOJIO)J(HTeJibHbl H nOCTYfialOT qepe3 O.UHHaKOBbie HHTepBa.Jibl BpeMeHH, Ha3bIBaeTCH </JUHOHC060U peHmou, HJIH aHHyumemoM. PettTa xapaKTepH3yeTcH: qneHOM peHThI (pa3MepoM OT,UeJibHOfO TIJiaTe)l{a); nepHO.UOM (HHTepBa.JIOM BpeMeHH Me)l()zy .UBYMH CMe)l{HblMH TIJiaTe)l{aMH); cpoKOM H npou;eHTHOH CTaBKOH. no qlfCJIY BbITIJiaT qneHa peHTbl B TeqeHHe ro,na pa3JIHqaJOT peHTbl rooo6ble H p-cpoqHbie

pa3 B ro.u).

no muny KOnUmlJ./lU30U,UU npOUeHTOB pa3JIHqaJOT peHTbl C e)l{efO,UHblM HaqHcJieHHeM; HaqHCJieHHeM

pa3 B ro.u H HenpepblBHbIM Ha-

qJfCJieHHeM. npH 3TOM MOMeHT HaqHcJieHHH npou;eHTOB MO)l{eT He coBIIa,UaTb c MOMeHTOM BbITIJiaTbl no peHTe. no BeJIJfqHHe qneHOB peHTbl pa3JIHqalOT nocmORHHbte H nepeMeHHbte peHTbl. no Ha,Ue)l{HOCTH BbITIJiaT peHTbl .ueJIHTCH Ha 6epHble H YC!l06Hble. no KOJIHqecTBY qneHOB pa3JIHqaJOT peHTbl C KOHe'tHblM 'IUCJlOM 't/leH06, orpaHHqeHHbie no cpoKaM, H BeqHbie peHTbl, c 6eCKOHe'tHblM 'IUCJlOM 't/leH06.

no CpOKaM Haqa.rra ,UeHCTBHH peHTbI H HaCTYIIJieHHH KaKOfO-JIH60 co6bITHH pa3JIHqaIOT HeMeOJleHHble H OmflOJICeHHble peHTbl.

150

BbITIJiaTa ITO peHTe MO)l{eT ocymeCTBJUIThCH B KOHI.l,e TIJiaTe)l{HOfO

(nocmHyMepaHoo), ( npeHyMepaHOO). nep1m.n;a

a TaK)l{e B HaqaJie HJUf cepe.n;irne ITepirn.n;a

AHaJIH3 ITOTOKa rniaTe)l{eH ITpe.n;IToJiaraeT pacqeT Hapall.l,eHHOH cyMMhl Bcex qneHOB ITOTOKa c HaqHcJieHHhIMH Ha HHX K KOHI.1,Y cpoKa ITpOI.1,eHTaMH H Ol.l,eHKY COBpeMeHHOH CTOHMOCTH ITOTOKa ITJiaTe)f(eH Bcex qJieHOB ITOTOKa, )l;HCKOHTHPOBaHHhlX Ha HaqaJio cpoKa peHThl. KoHKpeTHhIH CMhICJI 3THX xapaKTepHCTHK oITpe.n;eAAeTCH co.n;ep)l(aHHeM qneHOB peHThl HJIH HX ITPOHCXO)l{)l;eHHeM. Hapall.l,eHHaH CYMMa MO)l{eT ITpe.n;cTaBJUITh co6oH: o6IIzyIO CYMMY HaKOTIJieHHOH 3a)l;OJI)KeHHOCTH K KOHl.l,y cpoKa, HTOfOBhIH o6'beM HHBeCTHI.l,HH, HaKOTIJieHHhIH .n;eHe)l(HbIH pe3epB HT.)];. CoepeMeHHaH CTOHMOCTh ITpoeKTa BKJIIOqaeT B ce6H: ITPHBe.n;eHHhie K Haqany ocymeCTBJieHHH ITpOeKTa 3aTPaThl, KaITHTaJIH3HpOBaHHhIH .n;oxo.n;, HJIH qHCTYIO ITPHBe.n;eHHYIO rrpH6hIJib OT pea.TIH3al.l,HH ITpoeKTa, H T • .n;.

o6w;eM ~ae, Kor.n;a p51)]; IIJiare)l(eit

BpeMH

n, IIOCJie

R, BhlIIJia'IHBaeTCH

crrycTH

HeKOTOporo HaqaJihHOro MOMeHTa epeMeHH rrpH 06-

Il.l,eM cpoKe BhlTIJiaT

JieT' Hapall.l,eHHaH CYMMa IIOTOKa IIJiaTe)l{eit Ha

KOHel.I, 3TOro cpoKa

s = I. Rt (1 + ;r-ni. t

(12.37)

,[(aHHaH <Pop Myna ITpe.n;IToJiaraeT, qTo ITpoueHThI HaqHcAAIOTCH pa3 B fO)l. ITO CJIO)l{HOH CTaBKe

CoepeMeHHaH CTOHMOCTh TaKoro ITOTOKa TIJiaTe)l{eH

A-~

(12.38)

(l+i)"'

PaccMOTPHM MeTO.ll.hI pacqeTa peHTHhIX TIJiaTe)l{eH. Hapall.l,eHHaH CYMMa ITOCTOHHHOH peHThI ITOCTHyMepaH)l.o

S=R

(1 +

ir i

-1

(12.39)

CoepeMeHHaH CTOHMOCTh TIOCTOHHHOH peHThl TIOCTffYMepaH)l.O

(12.40) <l>OPMYJia )l.JIH pacqeTa Hapall.l,eHHOH CYMMbl TIOCTOHHHOH peHThl ITpeffYMepaH)l.o HMeeT BH.ll.

151

S = R (l +it - l (1 + i).

(12.41)

CospeMeHH<UI (TeK)'ll.J.<UI) CTOHMOCTb noTOKa IDiaTexe:H npeHYMepaH,ll;O

A= R l - (1 ~ i)-n (1 + i).

(12.42)

HTaK, Mbl paCCMOTpeJIH OCHOBHbie IIOIDITIDI, orrpe,lleJieHIDI H MeTOJlbl BbIIIOJIHeHIDI <l>HHaHCOBbIX pacqeTOB.

12.2. BbmOnH&HMe

pac~eToa M aHanM3 AaHHblX

c npMM8H8HM8M ct>MHaHCOBblX <l>YHKi...,MM

,llnH

aHaJIH3a JlaHHhIX H BhIIIOJIHeHHSI pacqeroB, IIPHMeHSieMhIX B

<l>HHaHCOBOH ,lleffTeJibHOCTH rrpe,lllipIDITH:H H <l>HpM, Ta6JIH'IH&llt rrpoueccop Excel HMeeT JlOCTaTO'IHoe 11Hc110 BCTpoeHHbIX <l>ymamA. BbIrrOJIHeHHe paC'ICTOB peKOMCHJlYCTCff rrpoBO.zorn, B CJieJlYIOIUeM nopH,llKe: => IlO,ZU'OTOBHTb Ha pa6o'leM JIHCTe B OTJlCJlbHhIX ff'leibcax 3Ha'leHIDI OCHOBHhIX apryMCHTOB <l>YHKUHH; => yCTaHOBHTh KYPCOP B HOByio ff'leihcy JlJIB BBO,lla <l>OPMYJibl c HCIIOJlb30BaHHeM BCTpOeHHOH <l>HHaHCOBOH <l>YHKUHH;

=> BbI3BaTb Macmep </>yHKu,uu c

IIOMOIUblO KOMaHJl Bcma6Ka H </>yHH3 MeHIO HJIH Hrut<aTHeM Ha naHeJIH HHCTpYMeHTOB CmaHoapmHaJI OJlHOHMeHHOH KHOnKH;

KU,UR

=> (pHC.

B JlHaJIOfOBOM OKHe BbI6paTb KaTeropHIO <l>YHKUHH <PuHQHC06ble 12.1). TimrnHBllIHHCff B pe3yJibTaTe CIIHCOK COJlep)l(HT IIOJIHbIH

DEi

MacTep <1>91tKUMM · war 1 M3 2

A•T•"-

MaTetotanNeCK>te

CTanteTJ14eOC:tte (CblJ'lKH H l"laCCHBbl Pa6oTO 6o30ii AOHHblX TeKCTOBble

Bo3epaw.aer eHyrpeHHICtO CKOPOCTb o6opora AllR ps;,a.a noc.neAOBaTellbHblX onepau~11~ c HB11t14HbM1H npH pa3flH'.!HblX CKopocT~X nJ)l1XOAa H paCXOAa.

On1etta

PHc. 12. l. 3JCpaH BhlJOBa MacTepa cPYHKUHit

152

"f'IBCA

lJ :5J = 0,1 lJ = 0,12

3Ha..eHHA jAL:Fl = {-1000;400;200;200 :...-~---.:=====~===~~.::::; $HHaHC08aA_Hop"a 110%

PeHHaecT_HopMa 112%

= 0,089524854 6o3epaw.aer eHyrpeHHtatO cKopocrb o6opora AJlR p51Aa nocne.a.osaTeJlbHblX onepau.11f1 c Ham1L1Hb1M11 np11 pa3Jll1YHblX CKopOCTs:IX npHXOAB 11 pacxo.a.a'

PeKHeecT _HopNa HQPMa np116b1m1) nony4EleMoH :sa Aettbr11, ttaxo.a.AtU1-1ern e o6opore np11

peHHeecr11poeaH1111.

3Ha4eHHe: O, 089524854

I !f

OTMett- ;;-

PHc. 12.2. )l;HaJiorosoe oKHo Alli eeo.na apryMeHTOB <l>YHKUHH

<l>}'IIKIUlli

nepeqeHb ,ri;oC'I)'llHhlX Bb16pairnoii Kareropm1. B HIDKHeii qacn1 OTKpbITOI'O ,lUlaJIOI'OBOI'O mrna IIpHBe,!J;CHhl Iq>aTKHH CHHTI\KCHC H cnpaaKa 0 HaJHaqeHHH Bhl6HPaeMOH <t>YHKUHH; ~ Bhl6paTb H3 CilHCKa Heo6xo,!J;lfMYIO ,llIDI pacqeTa <l>HHaHCOBYJO <l>YHKUHIO, ycTilHOBHB KYPCOp Ha ee HWI, B pe3yJihTare noHBHTCH .z:i;Ha.rroroaoe OKHO JJ.JUI BBO,!J;a apryMeHTOB (pHC. 12.2). KIDK,D;OH <t>HHaHCOBOH <l>YHKUHH cymecTByeT pernaMeHTHpoBaHHhIH no COCTaBy H ¢>opMary JHaqeHHH rrepeqeHb apryMeHTOB. B rroIDI BBo,ri;a ,z:i;11arroroaoro OKHa MO)l(HO BBO,!J;HTb KaK CCblJIKH Ha a,n:peca gqeeK, co,z:i;epxamHX co6CTBCHHO 3HaqeHHH apryMeHTOB, TaK H caMH 3HaqeHHH apryMCHTOB. ,ll.rrn OTKaJa OT pa60Tbl c BbI6paHHOH BCTpOCHHOH <l>YHKIIHCH HaxaTb KHOIIKY [ 0TMeHa]; ~JI.JUI BbIIlOJIHeHHH pacqeTa 3HaqeHHH BCTpOCHHOH <l>YHKUHH Ha)!(3Tb KHOIIKY [OK). BoJMoxeH TaK)!(e Henocpe.n:cTBCHHbIH BBOll <l>OPMYJibI, co,z:i;epxameti: HMeHa H rrapaMeTpbl BCTpOCHHbIX <l>HHaHCOBbIX <l>YHKIIHH, 6e3 BbIJoaa MacTepa 4>YHKIIUH. B 3TOM cJiyqae <t>opMyJIY Haq11HaIOT co JHaKa paeHo, .n:aJiee yKa3bIBaIOT HMH <l>YHKUHH H B KpyrnhIX cKo6Kax ee apryMeHTbl B IIOCJIC.ll;OBaTeJibHOCTH, COOTBCTCTByIOmeH: CHHTaKCHCy. B Ka'IeCTBe pa3.n:eJI11TeIDI apryMeHTOB 11cnoJih3yeTcH Bb16paHHbIH rrp11 ttacrpoti:Ke c11cTeMbI Windows pa3.n:en11TeJib, 06b1qHo 3TO TO'IKa c JanHTOH HJIH JaIIHTaH. OT.n:eJibHhie apryMeHTbI <l>YHKIIHH MOryT 6bITb KaK KOHCTaHTaMH, TaK H CCbIJIKaMH Ha a,n:peca gqeeK. HarrpHMep, <t>opMy-

,n;m

.rrn =,UOXO,U(B 16;B 17;0,08;47, 727; 100;2;0). PaccMOTpHM crreu114>HKY 3a,z:i;aHHH 3HaqeHHH apryMeHTOB <t>11HaHcoab1x <t>YHKUHH. 1. Bee apryMeHTbI, OJHaqa10m11e pacxo.n:b1 .n:ette)l(HbIX cpe.n:cTB (Hanp11Mep, exerO,ll;Hbie IIJiaTe)l{H), rrpe.ll;CTaBJIHIOTCH OTpHUaTe.flbHblMH '!HCJiaMH, a apryMeHTbl, 03Haqa10m11e IIOCTYIIJICHHH (HarrpHMep, llHBHllCH,!J;hl), - IlOJIO)l(HTCJibHblMH. 2. Bee .n:aTbI KaK apryMeHTbI <l>YHKIIHH HMeIOT q11cnoaoit <t>opMaT rrpe,ri;cTaBJieHHH, Harrp11Mep I HHBapH 1995 ro,z:i;a (p11c. 12.3) rrpe,ri;cTaB-

153

AATA

= 34700 B03epawaeT Aary B

4HCTIOBOM $opMaTe Microsoft Excel

AMI 3'aAaHHOH .D.aTbl.

AeHb YHcno e .a.ttana3oHe OT 1 AO 31,

npeAcraen~now,.ee

3Ha4eHHe: 01.01. 95

HOMep AH:i-l e MeCs:llle.

PHc. 12.3. 3ICpaH eeo.na <l>YHKUHH npeo6pa3oBaHIDI .n;aTbl IDieTCSI 'IHCJIOM

34 700.

EcJIH 3Ha'IeHHe apryMeHTa THna

H3 Sl'IeHKH (HanpHMep,

iJama_COZ/l -

iJama 6epeTCSI

CChlJIKa Ha Sl'Ie:Hicy

.aaTa B Sl'IeHKe MO)l(eT 61:d.Tb 3aITHCaHa B 06hl'IHOM BH,lle:

B16),

1.01.95.

,nm. eeo.ua apryMeHTa THna iJama Henocpe.acTBeHHo e nOJ1e eeo.ua

MaCTepa <l>YHKIUIB MO)l(HO BOCilOJib30BaTbCSI BCTpOeHHOH <l>YHKUHeH

MTA,

KOTopasi ocyiuecTBIDieT cooTeeTCT8YJOIIJ;ee npeo6pa3o8aHu:e

CTpOKH CHM80JI08.

,nm. 3TOfO cne.uyeT HaxaTb KHOITKY Bbl30Ba, Haxo-

MIIJ;YJOCSI nepe.u IlOJieM, H, 8bl6pae B KaTeropHH umo

MTA,

J(ama

6peMR <l>YHK-

3anoJIHHTh 3KpaH eeo.n;a, noKa3aHHhIH Ha pu:c.

12.3.

IlpH HaxaTHH KHOITKH [OK] npOHCXO,D;HT 803BpaT npe,D;bl.llYIIJ;ero 3KpaHa MaCTepa ,ll.JUI npO,llOJl)l(eHIDI 880,lla apryMeHT08 OCH08HOH <1>11HaHC080M <l>YHKUHH. KHonKa [OTMeHa] rr0380JIHeT nonHOCThlO OTKa3aTbCH OT HCilOJlb308aHHSI 8bl38aHHOH 8CTpOeHHOH <l>YHKUHH.

3. )lrrsi

apryMeHT08 THna

JWcU'teCKUU

B03MO)l(Hbl Henocpe.n;CT8eH-

HbIH 880,!1; KOHCTaHT HcTHHa HJIH JlO)l(b JIH6o HCilOJib30BaHHe 8CTpOeHHbIX <l>YHKUHH KaTeropHH Jlocu11ecKue c aHaJIOfWiHbIM Ha3BaHHeM. 4. Ilpw Henocpe,n;cTBeHHOM 880,n;e Q>opMyJihI 8 Wie:Hicy Heo6xo.a:wMo CJie,llHTb 3a TeM, qT06bI KaJK.llbIM apryMeHT HaXOJJ:HJICH CTpOro Ha C80eM MecTe. Ecn11 KaKHe-To apryMeHTbI He wcnoJib3YJOTCSI, BMecTo HHX CJie.ayeT TIOCTaBHTb COOTBeTCTByiow;ee q11cJIO pa3,n;eJIHTeJibHbIX 3HaKOB. Ecnw He 11cnonh3yeTCH nocne,n;HHM apryMeHT HJIH HeCKOJibKO nocne.n;HHX apryMeHT08 no.n;pH.n;, COOTBeTCT8YJOJ.UHe pa3,n;eJIHTeJibHbie 3HaKH MO)l(HO onycTHTb (qame 3TO OTHOCHTCH K apryMeHTaM

mun

6a3UC).

12.3. Pac'4eT npJ1Mb1x"' o6paTHblX 3a,qa'4 c npMMeHeHMeM MeTOAa noA6opa napaMeTpoe BbNHcmneJibHbie B03MO)l(HOCTH 3JieKTpoHHbIX rn6nwu no380IDIIOT pewaTb KaK npHMbie, TaK l1 o6paTHbie 3a,u.aqw, BbITIOJIHHTb HCCJie,n;oeaHHe o6JiaCTeM .n;onyCTHMbIX 3HaqeHHM apryMeHTOB H no.a:6wpaTb 3Ha'leHIDI apryMeHT08 no.a: Ja,u.aHHOe 3HaqeHHe <l>YHKUHH. Heo6xo.a:HMOCTb

154

Puc. 12.4. ):(ua.11oroBoe oKHo YCTaHOBHTb B !l_4ei1Ke:

3H~eH11e: !![3MeH"" 3Hi'4eH!1e 04eMKH:

Iloa6op napaMempa

1$G$1

r----'"'=--l1s% l~$F_$_1---'-'-"""

~--------·-

•Pe3ynbTaT noJt6opa napaMerpa

noA6op napaMeTpa An• •4et'iKH G1.

013

Puc. 12.5. ):(ua.11oroBoe oKHo

]

Pe3yAbmam noiJ6opa napaMempa

PeweHHe ttal1AeHo. no.a.611paeMOe 3Ha\.leH~1e:

0, 15

TeKylUee 3Ha'-leHl1e:

OJ 15

3TOro o6yCJIOBJleHa B psvi:e c.rryqaeB OTCYfCTBHeM COOTBeTCTB}'IOLUHX «CHMMeTpW:IHbIX» qmHaHCOBhIX <l>YHI<UHH. IlpH YCTaHOBKe KYPCOpa B .Sl':leHKY, co.n;epxanzyio <l>OPMYRY. IlOCTpoeHH}'IO c HCilOJlb30BaHHeM <l>HHaHCOBbIX <l>YHI<UHif:, H BbIIlOJIHeHHH KOMaH.n;bl CepBuc, nOHBIDieTCH ,z:i;HanoroBoe OKHO IloiJ6op napa.Mempa (pHC. 12.4), B KOTOPOM 3a,ll,aeTCH Tpe6yeMoe 3HaqeHHe <l>YHI<UHH. IlpH 3TOM B none H3.MeHJlJI 3Ha'leHue 1111euKu YKa3bIBaIOT a.n;pec H1IeH:KH, co,z:i;epxameH: 3HaqeHHe O.D:HOro H3 apryMeHTOB <l>YHI<UHH, H B cpe,z:i;e Excel pernaeTcH o6paTHaH 3a,u_aqa: no,z:i;6op 3HaqeHHH apryMeHTa .llIBI 3a.n;aHHoro 3Ha'lemrn <l>YHKUHH. B cnyqae ycnernttoro 3aBeprneHHH TaKoro no.a6opa noHBJIHeTc.si: OKHO c pe3ynhTaTOM - TeKyw,ee 3Ha11eHue (pHC. 12.5). llpH HIDKaTHH KHOnKH [OK] no.ao6pattttoe 3Ha'lemrn apryMeHTa coxpattHeTCH B COOTBeTCTBYIOilleH jlqeif:Ke, a rrpH HIDKaTHH KHOITKH [OTMetta] rrpOHCXOJ:lHT BOCCTaHOBJleHHe 3Ha'leHHH apryMeHTa. B o6paTHOM cnyqae Bbl,IJ;aeTc.si: cooTBeTCTBYIOillee coo6mettHe o tteBo3MO)l{HOCTH rro.n;6opa apryMeHTa.

12.4. BbmonHeHMe MHoroeapMaHTHbtX c npMMeHeHMeM

c~eHapHoro

pac~eToe

noAJ(o,qa

CuettapHeM B cpe.n;e Excel Ha3bIBaIOT HMeHoBaHHYIO coBOKYfiHOCTb 3HaqeHHM H3MeHHeMbIX .si:qeeK. ,[(Jl.si: BapHaHTHhlX <t>irnaHCOBbIX pacqeTOB, OCHOBaHHbIX Ha 33,IJ,aHHH pa3JIW:IHbIX 3HaqeHHM apryMeHTOB <l>YHKUHH, uenecoo6pa3HO HCllOJlb30BaTb cuettapHbIM rro.n:xo.a, peanH30BaHHbIH cpe.acTBaMH Excel, T. e. 33,IJ,aBaH B H'Ieif.Kax, .sIBIDIIOLUHXC.sl apryMeHTaMH <l>HHaHCOBbIX <l>YHKUHM, pa3J1HqHh1e 3Ha'lettHH. ,[(Jl.si: pa3pa60TKH cueHapHeB Heo6xo.n;HMO Bbl3BaTb J:lHaJIOfOBOe OKHO ,D,ucnem11ep cu,eHapue6 (pHc. 12.6, a), HCITOJlb3Y.sI H3 MeHIO KOMaH.n;bI CepBuc H Cu,eHapuu, B KOTopoM 11pe.acrnBJ1eH crrHcoK cuettapHeB TeKYillero pa6oqero JIHCTa.

155

613 l

llwcneT~ep CLtettapwee

llo6ae11eHMe cueHapMR

D 13

---~--i) 4To&:.i Ao6aBt!Tb HeCMe)l(HytO H31'1eHRet1ytO

s:NeHKy, yt:;a*me ee nPt1 t-ta•arot1 tcllaetwe ctrl.

llpttMe«aHHe:

Aerop: grofll<.a, 16.07.99

CXPbl!.b

PHc. 12.6 . .D:HanoroBhle OKHa ,!!ucnemrtep c14eHapue6 (a) H ,!!o6a6JleHue c14eHapUJ1 ( 6) 061.e.llHHHTh cu;ettapHH, HaxOASllI(Heca B OTKphIThIX KHHrax

wm: Ha

,ZJ,pyrHX JIHCTilX reicy:w;eit pa6oqe:H KHHI'H, MOXHO HIDKaB KHOilKy

[OObe-

cu,eHapUR (pHC. 12.6, 6). B none Ha3Banue cu,enapua BBO,WIT HWI HOBoro cu;e-

,llHHHTb] H OTKpbIB OKHO ,l(o6a8JleHue

B 3TOM c.rryqae

ttapHSI, Ja,llaBa.R ero IlOCJie,llOBaTeJlbHOCThIO CHMBOJIOB, IlpffqeM MaKCHMaJibHa.ff ,llJIHHa HMeHH He ,llOJDKHa npeBblIIIaTb

255

CHMBOJIOB. Ha

pa6oqeM JIHCTe BbJ.UeJijfJOT aqe:HKH (He 06S1JaTeJibHO CMe)l{Hbie), JHaqeHHSI KOTOpbIX 6y.uyr HJMeHSITbCSI. 06bNHO 3TO aqeH.KH, co.uepxarn;He apryMeHTbl (HCXO,llHbie 3HaqeHHSI) ,llJISI BbNHCJieHHSI cPYffKu;HH. HecMe)l(:HbJe siqeH.KH BbJ.UeJijfJOT H3)1(:aTHeM KJiaBHIIIH [Ctrl]. CocTae H3MeHS1eMbIX stqeeK .llJISI paJJiffqHbIX cu;ettapHee o.uHoro H Toro xe pa6oqero JIHCTa MOXeT MeHSITbCSI. 3To .uaeT 803MO)l{HOCTb IlO,llfOTOBHTb apryMeHTbl H BbinOJIHHTb eapHaHTHbie pacqeTbl Ha O,llHOM pa6oqeM JIHCTe ,llJISI pa3JlffqHbIX cPHHaHCOBblX cPYHK:u:HH. B noJie llpUMe1ta11ue MOXHO JanHcaTh TeKCT, nostCHSIJOIIJ;HH cu;eHapHH.. no YMOJiqaHHlO CJO,lla xe 3aHOCSITCSI HWI IlOJibJOBaTeJijf H ,llaTa C03,llaHHSI cu;ettapHSI. KOMaH.ll

lfMjJ IlOJlbJOBaTeJijf MOXHO H3MeHHTb c IlOMOIIJ;bIO

CepBuc H llapaMempbl,

BKJia,llKH

06w,ue H

B noJie

HMR

no11b30-

Bame/lJl.

c IlOMOIIJ;bIO nepeKJIJOqaTeJijf [3anpeTHTb H3MeHeHHSI] peaJIH3yeTCSI

3aIIJ;HTa 3HaqeHHH H3MeHSleMblX aqeeK OT pe,llaKTHpOBaHHSI. IlepeKJIJOqaTeJib [CKpbITb] Il03BOJijfeT He IlOKa3bIBaTh HWI cu;ettapHSI B CilHCKe, T. e. OH CTaHOBHTCSI epeMeHHO HeaKTHBHbIM. IlpH H3)1(:aTHH KHOilKH

[OK]

IlOSIBJijfeTCSI ,llHaJioroeoe OKHO .llJISI

BBO,lla JHaqeHHH H3MeHSleMblX aqeeK (pHC.

12.7).

IlocJie JaBepIIIeHHSI BBO)la )laHHhlX MOXHO CcPOPMHpOBaTb CJieJlYlOIIJ;HH HOBhllf cu;eHapHif (KHOilKOH [,llo6aBHTb] npOH3BeCTH 803BpaT B

156

$G$1 1.07.99

Z,:

:...---=~=· $H$2 ;_300,--...::.:::::.:.:.:::::::;::.::::~

:i.:

$F$s

jsl

Puc. 12.7. ,llHaJioroeoe OKHO )l)UI Q.>opMHpoeamur 3HatJeHH'A H3MeIDleMblX H'ICCK CUCHapIDI OT•eT no cuettapwK> .

. --

--- .

6 Ef

PH:c. 12.8. OKHo )l)UI Bhl6opa THna HTOroeoro OT'leTa OCHOBHoe OKHO

,l(o6a8AeHue cu,eHapUll)

MOID;blO KHOIIKH

[OK]

JIH60 33.BepIIIHTh pa6oTy c rro-

H rrepe:HTH B OKHO

,l(ucnem"lep cu,eHapue8.

~ rrpOCMOTpa peJyJibTaTOB IIO.UCTaHOBKH JHaqeHHH HJMeIDleMbIX

HqeeK no orrpe,n;eJieHHOMY cueHapHIO B .UHaJIOfOBOM OKHe

cu,eHapues

,l(ucnem"lep

cJie,n;yeT Bb16paTh HJ crrHcKa Tpe6yeMoe HMH cueHapIDI H

HIDKaTh KHOIIKY [BbIBeCTH] . C11creMa Excel BhIIIOJIJUieT rro,n;cTaHOBKY JHaqeHHH HJMeJUieMbIX }lqeeK cueHapIDI H IIPOHJBO.UHT pacqeT JHaqeHHH <l>YHKUHH. Bee HJMeHeHHH 6y,n;yT OTpIDKeHbI Ha pa6oqeM JIHCTe B .siqe:UKax, co,n;epxam;HX <t>opM}'JibI H HMeIOID;HX CCblJIKH Ha HJMeJUieMbie .sJ'IeHKH cueHapIDI, rrpH 3TOM 6y,n;yT BblBe,n;eHbI H HOBbie peJyJihTaTbI BbJqHCJieHHit. KHoIIKa [3aKpbITh] o6ecrrequeaeT BhlXO.U HJ oKHa

11apues,

,l(ucnem"lep cu,e-

rrpH 3TOM B HJMeJUieMblX .sJ'IeHKa.X coxpaIDIIOTCH JHaqeHIDI

IlOCJie,UHero yqacTBOBaBIIIero B rrpOCMOTpe cueHapHH. IlpH HIDKaTHH KHOIIKH (OTqeT] IIO.sIBIDieTCH .UHaJIOrOBOe OKHO .llJl.sI BbI6opa THIIa HTOfOBOfO o~eTa (pHC. 12.8). B rro11e Jl"leUKU pe3yAbmama 3Toro oKHa YKaJhIBaIOT a,n;peca .siqeeK, JHaqeHIDI KOTOpblX JaBHCHT OT HJMeJUieMbIX .siqeeK cueHapHeB. BoJMOXHO <t>opMHpOBaHHe .n;Byx THIIOB HTOrOBbIX o~eTOB, a HMeHHO:

• umozu cu,eHapUll -

ra6JIJiqHbI:U o~eT, co.uepxaru11:U .llJl.sI KIDK,lloro

cueHapH.sI COCTaB HJMeJUieMbIX .siqeeK H JHaqeHIDI Bb16paHHbIX swqJicJI.sieMbIX .siqeeK;

• C800HaJI ma6Auu,a -

peJyJibTaTbI IIO.UCTaHOBKH JHaqeHHit B HJMe-

HHeMbie .siqeifKH.

157

12.5.

AHan1113 AaHHblX 111 Bb16op onTMManbHoro eap111aHTa

peweHM.R c 111cnonb30BaHMeM Ta6n111~ nOACTaHOBKM Ta6Jnu1,hr rro.n:cTaHOBKH B CHCTeMe Excel rrpHMeIDIIOT ,LJ,llil aHaJIH3a ,LJ,aHHhIX rrpH BhI6ope OIITHMaJihHOfO BapHaHTa qrnHaHCOBOfO pernemrn. TeXHOJIOfHIO IIOCTpOeHIDI H HCIIOJih30BaHIDI Ta6JIHll IIO,LJ,CTaHOBKH paCCMOTpHM Ha rrpHMepe qrnHaHCOBOfO aHaJIH3a HHBeCTHllHM, BKJIIOqaiomero B cefo1 cJieJJYIOmHe c]:>11HaHCOBhie orrepa111111: • pacqeThI no Kpe,LJ,HTaM 11 3a:HMaM; • orrpe.n:eneHHe CKOPOCTH o6opoTa HHBeCTHllHM; • 011eHicy HHBeCTHllHM.

.n:aHHOM pa3,LJ,eJie rroKa3aHO rrp11MeHeH11e <l>YHKIIHM Excel, 11c-

rroJih3YJOIUHX 6a30Bhle Mo,LJ,eJIH c]:>11HaHCOBhIX orrepa1111:H. TaK KaK rrp11 H3JIO)KeHHH MaTep11ana HCIIOJih3YJOTCH TepMHHhl CHCTeMhl Excel, Ka)K,LJ,aH <l>YHKIIIDI corrpOBO)K)J;aeTCH CChillKOM Ha COOTBeTCTBYJOIUYIO c]:>op-

MYJIY KJiaCCJ1qeCKo:H MO,LJ,eJIH c]:>11HaHcoBoii orrepa111111. B Ta6JI. 12.1 rrpHBe,LJ,eHhI .n:aHHhie, Heo6xo,LJ,HMhie ,LJ,llil cornacoBaHIDI o603HaqeHHii OCHOBHhIX 3JieMeHTOB c]:>HHaHCOBhIX orrepa1111ii B KJiacCJ1qeCKHX 6a30BhIX MO,LJ,eJIHX H rraKeTe rrporpaMM Excel. Ta61rnu:a

12.1

CooTBeTCTBHe 3JieMeHTOB KJiaccll'lecKHX ct>uuaucoBblX onepaQHii H cl>YHKnHii Excel

060JHaqem1e 3JieMeHm

<l>yHICU:ID!

OrmcaHtte 3JieMeH'Ia

Ha3Haqe1U1e Excel

Haparn,ettttrui: C}'MMa ,a:onra B Komi:e cpoKa (3aHMa)

Ey,a:ym,rui: CTOHMOCTh e,a:HHOH C}'MMhl HJIH IIOTOKa IIJiaTe)l(:eH

IlepBOHa'laJibHaH CYMMa .a:onra (3aHMa)

TeKYill,ruI cTOHMOCTh e,a:HHOH C}'MMhl HJIH IIOTOKa IIJiaTe)l(:eH

pmt

Ilpou;eHTHrui: CTilBKa, HOpMa rrpou;eHTil

CpoK ccy,a:h1 HJIH '!Meno 06rn,ee 'IHCJIO rrepHOJJ:OB BbIIIJiaT rrepwo,a:oB BhIIIJiaT

Excel

CyM:Ma qacTWittoro rre- <l>HKCHpOBaHHruI rrepMOJJ:H'leCKOro IIJiaTe)l(:a pMOJJ:H'leCKaH C}'MMa IIJiare)l(:a

CoBpeMettttrui: crowMOCTh IIOCTOHHHOH peHThi (rrocTffYMepatt.a:o)

158

NPV

Ilpou;eHTHrui: CTilBKa 3a o,a:HH rrepwo.a: BbIIIJiaT

TeKYill,ruI CTOHMOCTh e,a:HHOH C}'MMhl HJIH IIOTOKa IIJiaTe)l(:eH

qHCThIH .a:oxo.a:, rrpHBe- qHCTruI TeKYill,ruI CTOH ,a:eHHbIH K Ha'laJibHOMY MOCTh rrepHOJJ:H'leCKHX rrepwo,a:y BbIIIJiaT 3aHMa IIJiare)l(:eH

0KOH'tllHUe

06o3Haqem1e 3JieMeHra

<l>YHKUIDI

value;

i), i2, .. ., ik

1, 2, .. ., CTaBKa N j

CraBKa CTIIBKa

Ha3HaqeHll:e Excel

On.Hcatt.He 3JieMeH1a

Excel

ma6!1. 12.1

Pa:3Mep ITepBoro 'DleHa

3Haqemrn BhIIIJiaThI

ITOTOKa IIJiaTe)l(eH

HJIH ITOC1)'IIJieHIDI

IlepeMeHHM

IIepeMeHHM

ITpoueHTHaSI CTilBKa

ITpoueHTHM CTilBKa

HoMHHaJihHM

ITpoueHTHM CTilBKa

ITpoueHTHM craBKa

qHCJIO ITepHO,ll;OB Haqu-

c11eHIDI ITpoueHTOB

Ta611uua

12.2

OOBcaBBe apryMeBTOB tlJaeaecoBhlX 4Jyinautii Excel, HCDOJlh3YJOontX 6830BWe MO)J.e.Jlll On.HcaH.He apryMeHra

ApryMeHT

BynymM CTOHMOCTh QnfKCMpOBaHHblX ITepHO,ll;WieCKHX BblIIJlaT HJIH e,ll;HHOH CYMMH; 6aJiaHC HaJIH'IHOCTH, KOTOpblH ,ll;OCTHraeTCSI ITOCJie ITOCJie,ll;HeH Bbl-

IIJiaThI, ITO YMOJiqaHHIO paBHbIH

(HaITpHMep,

6y,1J;ymM CTOHMOCTh) BhIIIJiara

<l>HKCHpOBaHHM ITepHO,ll;H'IeCKM BbIIIJiara

naraO; naral; ... ; naraN )l;aTu1 oITepauuil: c HaJIH'IHhIMH KITep

06mee quc110 ITepuonoB BbIIIJiaT

qucJIO_ ITepHO,ll;OB KOJI_ITep H3 TC

CTilBKa HOpMa CYMMaO; CYMMal; •.. ;

HaqaJihHoe 3HaqeHue (reKymM CTOHMOCTh) BKJia,ll;a HJIM 3aHMa IlpoueHTHaH CTaBKa 3a ITepMon; HOpMa ,ll;MCKOHTHpOBaHIDI 3HaqeHIDI BhlIIJiaT M ITOCTYIIJieHMH

CYMMaN 3HaqeHIDI THIT

qMCJIO

HJIM

o603HaqaJOIUee ITepMO,ll; ITpOM3-

BO,!J;CTBa BbIIIJiaThI Te)l(eH, ITpenIToJio)l(eHHe ITpenIT

0 -

(1 -

B HaqaJie ITepMona IIJia-

B KOHUe), ITO YMOJiqaHHIO paBHOe

IlpenIToJiaraeMoe 3HaqeHHe ITpoueHTHOH craBKM, ITO YMOJiqaHHIO paBHoe

0, 1

nporHo3

159

0KOH'lQHUe ma611.

ApryMeHT

12.2

OrmcaHHe apryMema

nepHO.D:

IlepHO.D:, .D:.illl KOTOporo 'lpe6yeTCH HaHTH BbHUiazy no rrpou;eHTilM (,n:oJDKeH 6b!Tb B HHrepaa.rre OT I .n:o apryMeHTil)

Haq_rrepHO.D:

HoMep rrepooro rrepHo,n:a IUiarexeii:, yqaCTByiomero B Bhl'IHCJieHHHX

KOH_rrepHO.D:

HoMep rrocJie,n:Hero nepHo,n:a IUiarexeii:, yqacmyiomero a Bhl'IHCJieHHHx

HOMHHaJihHaH_CTaBKa HoMHHaJihHaH ro.n:oaaH rrpou;eHTHaH craBKa peHHBeCT_HOpMa

HopMa rrpH6hUIH, rronyqaeMoii: 3a ,n:eHhm, Haxo.D:Hru;HeCH B HaJiffqHOM o6opore rrpH peHHBeCTHpOBaHHH

<l>HHaHCOBaH_HOpMa

HopMa rrpH6hUIH, BhIIUiaqHaaeMoii: 3a ,n:eHhm, HaXO.D:HIUHeCH B o6opore

3<l><t>eKT_CTaBKa

3<l><t>eKTHBHaH ro,n:oBaH rrpou;eHTHaH craBKa

MHorHe qnrnaHCOBbie <l>YHKUHH HMeIOT O.UHHaKOBbie apryMeHTbI (Ta6JI. 12.2). ~

Excel

,ll,Jill

pac'leTa onepanaii no K.pe,zurraM a laiiMaM

B cHcTeMe Excel cy:rn;ecTByeT rpynrra <l>YHKUHH, rrpe.n:tta:maqeHHbIX pacqeTa <l>HHaHCOBbIX orrepau;HH: ITO Kpe,UHTaM, ccy.uaM H Jai1MaM. 3TH pacqeTbl OCHOBaHbl Ha KOHu;erru;HH BpeMeHHOH CTOHMOCTH .ueHer, T. e. OHH rrpe.urronaraIOT HepaBHOI..J;eHHOCTb .ueHer, OTHOCHiu;HXCH K pa3HbIM MOMeHTaM BpeMeHH. 3Ta rpynrra <l>YHKUHH rrpe,n:HaJHaqeHa ,UJUI cne.uyIOrn;HX pacqeToB: • orrpe.ueJieHIDI 6y.uy:rn;ei1 CTOHMOCTH (HapameHHOH CYMMbI); • orrpe.ueneHIDI TeKYiu;eH CTOHMOCTH (HaqaJibHOro JHaqeHIDI); • orrpe.ueneHIDI cpoKa IIJiaTe)K.a H rrpou;eHmoH: cTaBKH; • pacqeTa rrep110.u~ecKHX IIJiaTexeH:, CBHJaHHbIX c rrorarneHHeM JaHMOB. 06maH <l>OPMYJia pacqeTa, KOTOpaH B Excel HCIIOJibJyeTCH rrpH BblqHCJieHHH <l>HHaHCOBbIX apryMeHTOB, CBHJaHHbIX c .ueHeXHbIMH IIOTOKaMH, HMeeT BH,U ,UJUI

pmt

(1 + rf -1 r

(1 + r · type)+ pv (1 + r) +fa = 0,

(12.43)

r.ue pmt - <l>HKCHpoBaHHaH (HeHJMeHHaH) rrep110,n:11qecKaH CYMMa IIJiaTe)K_a; n - o6mee qncno rrep110.uoB BhlIIJiaT; r - rrpou;eHTHaH cTaBKa Ja O.UHH rrep110.u; type - qlfcJio 0 HJIH 1, 060JHaqa10mee rrep110.u rrpoHJBO.UCTBa BbIIIJiaTbl (1 - B Haqane rrep110.ua IIJiaTexeH:, 0 - B KOHu;e); pv - TeKYiu;aH CTOHMOCTb BKJia,Ua (3ai1Ma), no KOTOPOMY HaqHC-

160

JHIIOTCH npoueHTbl no CTaBKe

r% HJIH TeKYIUaH CTOHMOCTh cepHH qmK-

CHpOBaHHbIX nepHO)l,JiqeCKHX IIJiaTexe:H;

fv -

6yJzyI.UaH CTOHMOCTb

BKJia.n;a (3aii:Ma) HJIH 6yJzyI.UaH CTOHMOCTb cepHH <l>HKCHpOBaHHbIX nePHO)l,JiqeCKHX IIJiaTexe:H. Ec11H npoueHTHaH cTaBKa 3a nepHo.n: HaqHcJieHHH

r= 0,

.n;JIH BhI-

'-1.HcJieHHH HCnOJib3yIOT CJie,ll,yIOIUyIO <t>opMyny:

pmt路 n + pv+ fv =0. <l>OPMYJihl

(12.44)

(12.43) H (12.44) HCnOJib3yIOTCH B <i>YHKUHHX .63,

KilEP,

HOPMA, II3, IIIIJIAT.

Onpe)J,eJieHHe 6y)J.ylll.eii

CTOHMOCTH

IlOHHTHe 6y.n:YIUei1 CTOHMOCTH OCHOBaHO Ha npHHUHne HepaBHOueHHOCTH .n:eHer B pa3Hbie MOMeHTbl BpeMeHH, TaK KaK BJIOXeHHH, C,ll,eJiaHHbie cero.n:HH, B 6yJzyI.UeM, KaK npaBHJIO, COCTaBHT 60JibIIIyIO BeJIJiqlfHY. <l>YHKUHH .63 n03BOJIHeT paccqHTaTb 6y.n:YIUYlO HJIH HapaIUeHHyIO CTOHMOCTb cepHH <l>HKCHpOBaHHbIX rrepHO)l,JiqeCKHX IIJiaTexe:H, a TaK)Ke 6y.n:YIUYlO CTOHMOCTb TeKYIUero 3HaqeHHH BKJia.n;a HJIH 3aii:Ma npH IIOCTOHHHOH rrpoueHTHOH CTaBKe. <l>YHKUHH B3PACIIl1C no3BOJIHeT paccqHTaTh 6yJzyI.Uee 3HaqeHHe HHBeCTHUHH IIOCJie HaqHcJieHHH CJIO)l(HblX npoueHTOB rrpH rrepeMeHHOH npoueHTHo:H crnaKe.

63.

PacqeT c noMOIUbIO <l>YHKUHH .63 6yJzyI.Ue:H CTOHMOC-

TH rrepHO,ll,JiqeCKHX IIOCTOHHHbIX IIJiaTexe:H H 6yJzyI.Uero 3HaqeHHH e.n:HHOH CYMMbl BKJia.n;a HJIH 3ai1Ma OCHOBaH Ha noCTOHHCTBe rrpoueHTHOH CTaBKH. CHHTaKcHc B3(HopMa;qHc110_ nepHo.n:oa;BhIIIJiaTa;HJ;THrr). 3HaqeHHe, KOTOpoe B03BpaIUaeT <l>YHKUHH .63, H3 <i>OPMYJibl

3TO apryMeHT

(12.43).

PaccMOTpHM paJJIJiqHbie aapHaHTbI HCIIOJib30BaHHH 3TOH <l>YHKUHH rrpH perneHHH KOHKpeTHbIX 3a.n;aq.

JJ:orrycTHM, Heo6XO,ll,HMO paccqHTaTb 6y.n:YIUYlO CTOHMOCTb e.n:H-

HOH CYMMbI BKJia.n;a HJIH 3aii:Ma, no KOTopo:H HaqHcJIHIOTCH CJIO)l(Hhie rrpoueHThI onpe.n:e11eHHoe qHc110 rrepHo.n:oa:

(12.45) r.n:e

pv -

TeKYIUaH CTOHMOCTb BKJia.n;a (3aii:Ma);

rrepHO,ll,OB HaqHcJieHHH npoueHTOB;

n -

06IUee qlfCJIO

rrpoueHTHaH CTaBKa no BKJia-

;:i:y ( 3aii:MY). 3rn <l>OPMYJia COOTBeTCTByeT KJiaCCJiqeCKOH <l>OPMYJie pac'-leTa HapaIUeHHOH CYMMbl BKJia.n;a no MeTO,ll,y CJIO)l(HblX rrpoueHTOB.

,n:.mi BbNHCJieHHH 6y.n:YIUero 3HaqeHHH e,ll,HHOH CYMMbl c

noMOIUbIO

<t>YHKUHH .63 HCnOJib3yIOTCH apryMeHTbI: H3, HOpMa, '-1.HCJIO_nepHO-

161

)];OB. IlpM 3TOM q>OpMYJia 6y)];eT MMeTb BM =B3(HOpMa;qMcJio_rrepMO)];OB;H3). IlpM perneHMM KOHKpeTHOH 3a,z:i;aqM BMeCTO Ha3BaHMH apryMeHTOB YKa3bIBaIOT cooTBeTCTByro11me qMcna.

PaccMOTpMM CMTYaII:MM, KOrJ:J:a IIJiaTe:xrn: rrpoM3BOMTCH cMcTeMa-

TMqecKM, a He O)];MH pa3, KaK B rrpe)];bUJ.YmeM IIPMMepe. 3TM IIJiaTe:xrn: MOryT ocyrnecTBJIHThCH B Haqane K<OK,ll;oro pacqeTHoro rrepMOJ:J:a (rrpettyMepaHJ:J:O) MJIM B KOHII;e (IIOCTttyMepaH)];O) B TeqeHMe

rrepMOJ];OB •

.[(orryCTMM, qTo B K<OK,ll;OM rrepMO)];e BHOCMTCH OJ];MHaKOBaH CYMMa. Tpe6yeTCH HaHTM COBOKYIIHyIO BeJittqMtty TaKMX BJIO)l(eHMH (MX 6yJ1:YIIIyIO CTOMMOCTb) B KOHII;e

n-ro rrepMOJ];a J1:JIH

o6oMX cnyqaeB. 0TJittqMe B pac-

qeTe rrpM 3TOM 3aKJIIOqaeTCH B TOM, qTo BO BTOpOM cnyqae He rrpOMCXOJ];MT HaqMcJieHMH rrpoII;eHTOB Ha IIOCJieJ];HMH BKJla,z:J;, T. e. Bee BKJla,rl;bl rrpettyMepaHJ:J:o YBeJittqMBaIOTCH Ha CJIO)l(Hhie rrpoII;eHThI Ha OJ:J:MH pacqeTHhIH rrepMOJ:J: 60JibIIIe, qeM BKJla,rl;bl IIOCTttyMepaH)];O.

2.1 . .[(JIH pacqern 6yJ:J:YIIIeH CTOMMOCTM cepMM <l>MKCMpOBaHHhIX rrepMO)];ttqeCKMX IIJiaTexeU:, ecJIM OHM BHOCHTCH B Haqane K<OK,ll;Oro rrepMOJ];a (TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIX o6H3aTeJibHhIX IIJiaTexeU: M rrpettyMepaHJ:J:O), MCIIOJlh3yeTCH qJOPMYJia

fv = pmt(l + r)+ pmt (1 + r) 2 + ... + pmt(l + rr = = pmt

(1 + rr -1 (1 + r). r

(12.46)

3Ta <l>OPMYJia COOTBeTCTByeT <l>OPMYJie pacqern HapameHHOH CYMMbl IIOCTOHHHOH peHTbl rrpettyMepaH)];O (12.41). IlpM pacqeTe c IIOMOIII;bIO <l>YHKII:MM B3 MCIIOJib3yIOTCH apryMeHTbI: HOpMa, qMcno_rrepMOJ:J:OB, BhIIIJiaTa, TMII = <l>OPMYJia

(12.46)

Ha pa6oqeM JIMCTe Excel

6y)];eT MMeTb BM =B3(HOpMa;qMCJIO_rrepMO)];OB;BhIII-

JiaTa;l). Pe3yJihTaT pacqern c rroMOIII;hIO <l>YHKII:MM B3 J:J:OJl)l(eH coBrra,ri;aTh c pe3yJihTaTOM, rronyqeHHhIM no <l>OPMYJie

2.2 . .[(JIH pacqern 6yJ:J:YIIIeH

(12.46).

CTOMMOCTM cepMM <l>MKCMpOBaHHhIX rre-

PMOJ];ttqeCKMX IIJiaTexeU:, eCJIM BhIIIJiaThl IIPOMCXOMT B KOHII;e rrepMO)];a (TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIX o6bJqHbIX IIJiaTexeU: MJIM IIOCTttyMepaHJ:J:O), <l>opMYJIY

(12.45)

CJie)];yeT MOJ:J:M$MII;MpOBaTh:

fv = pmt+ pmt(l+r)+ pmt(l+r)2 + ... + pmt(l+rr- 1 =

= pmt (l + rr -

(12.47)

r <l>OPMYJia

(12.47)

COOTBeTCTByeT <l>OPMYJie

(12.39)

KJiaCCttqeCKOH

MOJ];eJIM. 3arrMCh Ha pa6oqeM JIMCTe Excel, coorneTCTByromaH <PopMyne

(12.47), 162

6y)];eT MMeTb BM =B3(HopMa;qMcJio_rrepMOJ];OB;BhIIIJiaTa;0).

Ta61rnua

MeTO~

12.3

ea11aCJieeHJ1 nponeHToe e ro.zzy

06mee qf!CJIO rrepHO.UOB BhIIIJiaT

IIpo11eHTIIasi CTaBKll Ja rrepHO.U ttaqHcJiemrn, %

KsapTIUI1>m1H:

n 2n 4n

k k/2 k/4

Mecwrmm

12n

k/12

365n

k/365

Mero.u E)((ero,1J;mm noJiyr0,1J;OBOH

E)((e)J;Heam.m

Onycnrn apryMeHT nm=

MO)l(HO 3TY 3anwc1> rrpe,1l;CTaBMTb B BM,D;e:

=o3(HOpMa;qwcno_rrepMO,ll;OB;BblnJiaTa) M IIO,ll;CTaBMTb BMeCTO apryMeHTOB COOTBeTCTBYJOIIJ;Me qwcna.

3aiJa1ta.

Paccqi.naTh, KaKrui: C)'MMa OKaJKeTCSI Ha cqeTe, ecmr

noJimKeHbI Ha

33 ro)J;a IIOLI 13,5 % ro)J;OBhIX.

ThIC. p.

IIpoueHTbI HaqHcJISIIOTCSI KaJK)l;hie

IIOJirO)J;a.

p e III e H He. ,LVuI pacqeTa HCIIOJib3yeM <l>OPMYJIY (12.45),

TaK KaK Tpe6yeT-

C51 HaifTH 6y.ll:YIIlee 3Haqemi:e e)J;HHOH C)'MMhI BKJia)l;a. YqTeM, qTo a ycnoBHH Ja)J;aqH 3MaH1>1 ro)J;oaoH: rrpoueHT H qHcJio JieT BKJia)l;a. EcJIH rrpouem1>1 HaqHcJIS1IOTCS1 HeCKOJibKO pa3 B ro)J;, Heo6X0,1J;HMO paccqHTaTb 06111ee qffCJIO rrepHO)J;OB HaqHcJieHHSI rrpoueHTOB H CTaBKY rrpoueHTa 3a rrepHO)J; HaqHCJieHHSI. HaH6onee pacrrpocTpaHeHHhie MeTOLlhI HaqHcJieHHSI rrpoueHTOB a ro)J;y rrpHae)J;eHhI a Ta6n.

12.3.

IlpH IIOJiyro)J;OBOM yqeTe rrpoueHTa 06111ee qHCJIO rrepHO)J;OB HaqHCJie-

33. 2 (apr)'MeHT 13,5 %/2 (apr)'MeHT -

HHSI 6y)J;eT paBHO HaqucJieHHSI H3

qffcJio_rrepHO)J;OB), a CTaBKa 3a rrepHO)J; HOpMa). Ilo yCJIOBHIO 3a)l;aqu apr)'MeHT

=-27. 3To 0Tpm1aTeJI1>Hoe qucno, 03Haqa10111ee BJIO:lKeHHe )J;eHer.

l1crron1>-

E3, JaIIHIIIeM: E3(13,5%/2;33 * 2;-27) = 2012,07 Thie. p.

3YS1 <l>YHKUHIO

3aiJa1ta.

IIpe,1l;rrono:lKHM, ecTb )J;Ba aapuaHTa HHBeCTHpoaaHHSI cpe,1l;CTB

B TeqeHHe qeTbipex JieT: B Haqane KaJK)l;Oro ro)J;a IIO)J;

KOHUe KaJK)l;Oro ro)J;a IIO)J;

38 % ffi)J;OBbIX.

26 % ro)J;OBhIX MJIH B 300 ThIC. p.

IIycTh exero)J;HO BHOCHTCSI

Orrpe,1l;eJIHTb, CKOJibKO )J;etter OKaJKeTCSI Ha cqeTe B KOHUe qeTBepToro ro)J;a rrpH KaJK)l;OM aapHaHTe HHBeCTHpOBaHHSI. Pe III e H He. TaK KaK B ,1J;aHHOM cnyqae rrpoH3BOLISITCSI rrepHOLIH'leCKHe IIJiaTeXH )J;JISI pacqeTa HCIIOJib3yeM <l>OPMYJibl (06S13aTeJibHbie IIJiaTeXH) H

(12.47) -

(12.46) -

rrepBbIH aapttaHT

BTOpoH: aapMaHT (061>1qH1>Ie IIJia-

TeXH).

B rrepBOM aapHaHTe Hapa111eHHIDI CTOHMOCTb rrepaoro BKJia)l;a pa3MepoM 300 ThIC. p. K KOHuY qeTBepToro ro)J;a c yqeTOM Ha'IHCJieHHSI CJIOXHbIX rrpoueHTOB COCTaBHT:

300(1 +0,26) 4 =756,14 TblC.

DY.ll:YIIIIDI CTOHMOCTb K KOHuY qeTBePTQro ro,1J;a COCTaBHT:

163

BTOporo BKm1,n;a 300 (1 +0,26) 3 =600,11 TbIC. p.; TPCTbero BKJia,D;a - 300 (1+0,26) 2 = 476,28 TbIC. p.; UOCJie,!Ulero BKJia,n;a 300 ( 1 + 0,26) = 378 TbIC. p. COBOKYJIH<UI CTOHMOCTb BJIOXCHHH K KOHI.Jy 'ICTBCPTOro ro,n;a ,ll;OCTHrHeT: 756,14+ 600,11+476,28+378= 2210,53 TblC. p. Bo BTOpOM BapHaHTe upo:u;eHTbl Ha UOCJIC,ll;HHH BKJia,n;, c,n;eJiaHHbIH B KOH :u;e 'ICTBepToro uepHo,n;a, He Ha'IHCIDIIOTCH. Haparn;eHH<UI CTOHMOCTb COCTaBHT: TPCThero BKJia,D;a 300 (1+0,38) = 414 TbIC. p.; BTOporo BKJia,D;a 300 (1+0,38) 2 = 571,32 TbIC. p.; uepBoro BKJia,n;a 300 (1+0,38) 3 = 788,42 TbIC. p. COBOKYJIH<UI CTOHMOCTb BJIO)KCHHH K KOHI.Jy 'ICTBepToro ro,n;a COCTaBHT: 788,42 + 571,32 + 414 + 300 = 2073,74 TbIC. p. IlpH HCUOJib30BaHHH <l>YHKUHH .63 yKa.JbIBaIOT apryMeHTbl ,ll;IDI uepBoro BapHaHTa: HOpMa = 26 %, 'IHCJIO_uepHO,ll;OB = 4, BbIUJiaTa =-300, THU= 1; ,n;IDI BI'Oporo Bapmurra HOpMa = 38 %, 'IHCJio_uepHo,n;oB = 4, BbIUJlaTa = -300. ApryMeHT THU = 0 MO)KHO onycTHTb. CoOTBeTCTBCHHO COBOKYJIH<UI CTOHMOCTb BJIO)KCHHH COCTaBHT: .63(26%;4;-300;1) = 2210,53 TbIC. p . .63(38%;4;-300) = 2073,74 TbIC. p. Pac'IeTbl UOKa.JaJIH, 'ITO upe,n;UO'ITHTCJlbHee uepBbIH BapHaHT HHBCCTHpoBaHHH. ~ 63PACilHC. Ec;rn rrpo:u;eHTHaH CTaBKa MeHHeTCH c TeqeHHeM BpeMeHH, TO AJlll pacqeTa 6y;zymero 3HaqeHHH HHBeCTHI.J;HH (e.n;HHOH CYMMhl) IIOCJie HaqHcJieHHH CJIO)l(}fblX rrpo:u;eHTOB MO)l(HO HCIIOJib30BaTh <l>ymanno B3PACIIMC. CHHTaKcHc B3PACIIM C(HHBeCTHI.J;HH, { CTaBKal ;cTaBKa2; ... ;cTaBKaN}). IlpH HCIIOJib30BaHHH MaCCHBa rrpo:u;eHTHbIX CTaBOK {CTaBKal;cTaBKa2; ... ;cTaBKaN} CTaBKH Heo6xo.n;HMO BBO;:J;HTb He B BH.n;e rrpo:u;eHTOB, a KaK qffcJia, HarrpHMep {O, 1;O,15;0,05}. 0.n;HaKO rrpoII.J;e 3aIIHCaTh BMeCTO MaCCHBa CTaBOK COOTBeTCTB}'IOII.J;HH HHTepBaJI gqeeK, co.n;epxaII.J;HX 3HaqeHHH rrepeMeHHbIX rrpo:u;eHTHbIX CTaBOK. <l>YHKI.J;HH B3PACITMC (attrJIHHCKHH BapHaHT FvSchedule) HMeeT BH.n;

FvSchedule

= HHBeCTHI.J;HH. (1 + CTaBKal). (1 + CTaBKa2) .... X

(1 + CTaBKaN).

(12.48)

<l>OPMYJia (12.48) COOTBeTCTByeT KJiaCCffqeCKOH <l>OPMYJie ( 12.19) AJlll pacqern HapaI:u;eHHOH CYMMbl BKJia.n;a no MeTO;:J;y CJIO)l(}fbIX rrpo-

:u;eHTOB rrpH HCIIOJib30BaHHH rrepeMeHHbIX CTaBOK.

3aiJa11a. Ilo 06JIHra:QHH HOMHHaJIOM 100 TbIC. p., BblnymCHHOil: Ha IIICCTb JICT, upe,n;yCMOTPCH CJIC,n;yIOID;HH uopH,n;OK Ha'IHCJICHHH npo:u;eHTOB: uepBblH ro,n; 10 %, ,n;Ba uocne,n;y10rn;HX ro,n;a 20 %, ocTaBIIIHecH TPH ro,n;a 25 %. Pacc'IH164

P11c. 12.9. BH,!1; 3lUIOJIHeHHoro OKHa lloa6op napOMempa

YCT aHOBHTb

e a4eHKe: j$A$1: $8$61 3Ha!:!.<'H""' 1546.88

i1.3MeHS!A 3Ha4eHl1e "4Si1KH:

r-$-8$-2---:::=J

TaTb 6y.zzynzyio (uapam.emzyIO) CTOHMOCTb o6JIHran;HH no CJio:lKHOJ;\: npon;eHTHOH CTaBKe. p e w e H H e. IlycTb B jlqeAKH Al :A6 BBe,neHbl COOTBeTCTBeHHO 3uaqeuHJ1 10 %, 20 %, 20 %, 25 %, 25 %, 25 %. Tor.na uapameuHIUI CTOHMOCTb o6nuramu1 COCTaBHT: E3PACHHC(100,Al:A6) = 309,38 TbIC. p. Ilpu pacqere no cf>oPMYJie (12.48) uapam.eHHIUI CTOHMOCTb COCTaBHT: 100(1+0,1)(1+0,2)(1+0,2)(1 + 0,25)(1+0,25)(1+0,25) = 309,38 ThIC. p .

3aiJa11a. HcxoM H3 IlJiaHa uaqHcneHHJI npon;eHTOB, npHue.neuuoro B npe.llhI,nYUJ.eA 3a,u.aqe, paccquTaTh HOMHHaJI o6JIHran;HH, ecJIH H3BeCTHO, qTQ ee 6y.nym.IUI CTOHMOCTb COCTaBHT 1546,88 TbIC. p. Pew e u He. AiuI peweuHJI 3a,u.aqH Hcnonb3yeM annapaT no.n6opa napaMeTPa naKeTa Excel, Bhl3hIBaeMhIA KOMau,noJ;I: MeHIO CepBUC, noa6op napa-

Mempa. IlyCTb B WieJ;\:KH Al: A6 uue.neu IlJiau uaqffCJieHHJI npon;eurou. B WieAKy Bl JanHweM lf>oPMYJIY=E3PACilHC(B2,Al :A6). TaK KaK Wieil:Ka B2 nyCTIUI, ro B srqeH:Ke Bl 6y,neT uyneuoe 3HaqeuHe. YcTaHOBHB KYPCOP B Sl'leHKY Bl, Bbl6HpaeM B MeHIO Excel KOMau.ny CepBuc, lloiJ6op napOMempa H 3anoJIIDieM OTKphmweecH ,nHanorouoe OKHO lloiJ6op napOMempa, KaK noKaJauo ua puc. 12.9. B pe3yJihTaTe B SllleH:Ke B2 nOHBHTCH Juaqeuue HOMHHana o6nuran;uu 500TbIC. p.

Onpe.QeJieHBe TeK)'lll;eii CTOBMOCTH Bo MHOrnx pacqeTax u:cnoJib3yeTc.s1 noH.sirne TeKYI.Ue:H (cospeMeHuo:H) CTOHMOCTH 6y,zzy:w,HX ,llOXO,llOB H paCXO,llOB. 3-ro IlOH.sITHe 633HpyeTC.sI Ha KOHl{em~HH BpeMeHHOH CTOHMOCTH .aeHer, cornacHO KOTOpo:H paCXO,llhl H .llOXO,llhl, He OTHOC.silIUfeC.sI K O,llHOMY MOMeHTY speMeHH, MOXHO COilOCTaBHTb nocpe,llCTBOM npHBe,lleHH.sI HX K O,llHOMY cpoIcy, T.e. nocpe.acTBOM .au:cKOHTHpOBaHH.sI. TeicynzyIO CTOHMOCTh nonyqaIOT B pe3yJibTaTe npu:Be,lleHH.sI 6y,zzy:w,HX ,llOXO,llOB H paCXO,llOB K HaqaJibHOMY nepu:o.ay BpeMeHH. Excel co.aep:>KHT P.sl.ll <l>YHKllHH, KOTOphle noJBOJI.sIIOT paccqHTaTb: • TeicynzyIO CTOHMOCTb e,llHHOH CyMMhl BKJia,lla (3aHMa) H <l>HKCHPOBaHHhIX nepu:o.au:qecKHX IlJlaTexe:H - <l>YHKllH.sI II3; • qffCTYJO TeKYLUYIO CTOHMOCTb 6y,zzy:w,u:x nepu:o.au:qecKHX pacXO,llOB H nocTYilJleHu::H nepeMeHHo:H BeJiu:qHHhl - <l>YHKllH.sI HII3; • qu:cTYJO TeKYLUYIO CTOHMOCTb HeperyJI.sipHhIX paCXO,llOB H IlOC'rynJieHHH nepeMeHHOH BeJIH:qHHhl - <l>YHKl.lH.sI qJiCTH3.

165

3aMernM, 'ITO pac'leTbI c 11c11011b3oeamt:eM <l>YHKUHH HI13 H II3 HBJUIIOTCH 'laCTHbIMH CJIY'laHMH llPH Bbl'IHCJieHHH Teicyll.{eH CTOHMOCTH O)l(H,IJ,aeMbIX llOXOllOB H pacXOllOB, KOTOpbie B o6rn;eM CJIY'lae MOryT 6h1Th 11epeMeHHhIMH H rrpoHCXO)l;HTb e pa3Hb1e 11epHO)l;bI epeMeHH. Pac'leT c llOMOill;bIO <l>YHKUHH II3 llpHMeHHIOT llPH )l;eHe)J(J{bIX llOTOKax paBHOH eeJIH'IHHbI H paBHhIX HHTepea11ax Me)l{)ly 011epau;HHMH. <l>YHKUHH HII3 MOXeT HCllOJib30BaTbCH llPH pac'leTe )l;eHe)J(J{blX llOTOKOB 11epeMeHHOH BeJIH'IHHbl, llPOHCXO)l;Hill;HX qepe3paBHbie11p0Mexyn<H epeMeHH. <l>YHKUHH q11cTH3 1103BOJIHeT Bbl'IHCJIHTb 'IHC'I)'IO TeKyllzyJO CTOHMOCTb 11epeMeHHbIX )l;eHe)J(J{bIX llOTOKOB, HBJUllOill;HXCH HeperyJIHpHbIMH.

<l>ymmHB 03.

3Ta <l>YHKUHH 11pe)l;HaJHa'leHa llJIH pac'leTa Teicyll.{eH

CTOHMOCTH e)l;HHOH C)'MMbl BKJia)l;a (3aHMa) H 6y.z:cyIUHX <l>HKCHpoeaHHbIX IIJiaTexeH. 3TOT pac'leT HBJUleTCH o6paTHbIM pacqeTY 6y.z:cyIUeH CTOHMOCTH llpH OOMOill;H <l>YHKUHH o3. CHHTaKcHc II3(ttopMa;KIIep;eh1IIJiarn;6c;TH11). 3tta'lettHe, Kornpoe B03BpamaeT <l>YHKUHH II3, -

HJ <t>opMyJihI

3TO apryMeHT

(12.43).

PaccMOTpHM HcnoJib3oerume 3TOH <l>YHKUHH B KOHKpeTHbIX pacqerax.

,[(011ycTHM H3BeCTHO 6y)l;ymee (Haparn;eHHOe) 3Ha'leHHe BKJia)l;a

(3aHMa). Tpe6yeTCH 011pe)l;eJIHTb Teicyll.{ee JHa'leHHe 3Toro BKJIMa, T. e. C)'MMY, KOTOPYJO HeOOXOllHMO llOJIO)l(HTb Ha C'leT cero)l;HH, 'IT06bl B KOHUe n-ro 11epHO)l;a OHa)l;OCTHrna 3a)l;aHHOfO 3Ha'leHHH. 3To 3Ha'leHHe MO)l(HO 110.JIY'IHTb H3 <l>OPMYJibl

(12.45): pv

<l>opMyJia MO)l;eJIH.

(12.49)

(1+ rf

COOTBeTCTByeT <t>opMyJie

(12.23)

KJiaCCH'leCKOH

IlpH HCllOJibJoeattuu <l>YHKUHH TI3 ll1IH pac'leTa e o6rn;eM BHlle TeIcyll.{ero JHa'leHHH BKJIMa MO)J(J{O 3a11ucaTh: =Il3(ttopMa;KIIep;;6c).

IlpellIIOJIO)l(HM Te11epb, 'ITO Tpe6yeTCH HaHTH TeKyIIzyJO CTOHMOCTb

6y.z:cyIUHX 11epHO)l;H'leCKHX llOCTOHHHbIX IIJiarexeH, KOTOpbie llpOH380MTCH B tta'laJie HJIH Kottu;e Ka)l(lloro pac'leTHoro 11epHo)l;a. Cornactto KOHI..J;ellUHH epeMeHHOH CTOHMOCTH, 'leM llaJibIIIe OTCTOHT OT HaCTOHmero MOMeHTa llOCTYIIJieHHe HJIH paCXOllOBaHHe cpe)l;CTB, TeM MeHh-

IIIYIO

TeKymYJO uettHOCTb otto 11pe.D:CTaBJU1eT. TaKHM o6pa3oM, 11pH

llpO'IHX paBHbIX YCJIOBHHX TeKymaH CTOHMOCTb BKJIMOB 11peH)'MepaHllO 60JibIIIe, 'leM Teicyll.{aH CTOHMOCTb BKJia)l;OB llOCTH)'MepaH)l;O.

2.1.

Pac'leT TeKyrn;eH CTOHMOCTH cepHH 6y.z:cyIUHX llOCTOHHHbIX 11e-

pHO)l;H'leCKHX ( o6H3aTeJibHbIX) IIJiarexeH, llpOH3BOllHMbIX B Ha'laJie Ka)l(llOro 11epHO)l;a H llHCKOHTHPOBaHHbIX HOpMOH llOXO)l;a

llpOH380-

llHTCH 110 <l>OPMYJie

1pv = pmt

166

(l+rf (l+r). r

(12.50)

<l>opM)'Jia (12.42), COOTBeTCTByIDW:ruI KJiaCCH11eCKOM MO,n;emi:, no3BOmleT paccq1uaTb COBpeMeHIIyID CTOHMOCTb IlOCTO.HHHOM peHTbl npeH)'MepaH,n;O. pacqern 3TOM BeJIHqHHbl npH IlOMOW:H <l>YHKIJ;HH n3 HCilOJib3yIDT apryMeHTbl: HOpMa, Knep, BblITJiaTa, a TaIOKe THil 1. 06:w;rur <t>opMyJia ,n;JI.H perneHH.H 3TOM Ja,n;aqH 6y.n;eT HMeTb BH.n; =03(HOpMa;KITep;BhIITJiaTa;;l). 2.2. pacqern TeKYrn;e:H CTOHMOCTH IlOCTO.HHHbIX nepHO,ll;H11eCKHX nJiaTexe:H, npOH3BO,ll;HMblX B KOHIIe nepHo.n;a (o6bJqHbIX ITJiaTexe:H), cpopM)'JIY (12.50) CJie,n;yeT MO.llH<l>HIIHPOBaTh:

,nm.

1pv

= pmt

(1 + r

(12.51)

AHanorH11HruI <t>opM)'Jia KJiaccH11ecKo:H Mo,n;eJIH - (12.40). CoOTBeTCTByrorn;rur .n;aHHOMY pacqeTY <t>opM)'Jia B Excel 6y.n;eT HMeTb BH.n; =03 (HOpMa, Knep, BbIITJiaTa). TaK KaK no YMOJil!aHHIO apl)'MeHT THIT paBeH 0, em MO)l{HO He ~bmaTh.

3aiJa'la. <l>HpMe n01pe6yeTCR 5000 ThIC. p. qepe3 12 neT. Onpe,11;eJIHTh CYMMY e.llHHOro Te:icymero BKJia,na, KOTOPYJO He06XO.llHMO noJio:>KHTh Ha ,11;eno3HT, eCJIH npou:eHTHaR CTaBKa no HeMY COCTaBJlj{eT 12 % B ro,ll. p e III e H He. ,LI.mi: pacqeTa HCnOJib3yeM <l>OPMYJIY ( 12.49) HJIH COOTBeTCTBYIOIIIYJO eii 3anHCb <l>YHKUHH Il3. TaK KaK HOpMa = 12 %, Knep = 12, 6c = 5000, 3anHIIIeM: Il3( 12%;12;;5000) =-1283,38 TbIC. p. Pe3yJibTaT pacqern nonyqHJicR OTpHU:aTeJibHblH, nocKOJibKY TIO CYMMa, KOTOPYJO Heo6XO,llHMO BJIO)!(HTb.

3aiJa'la. EcTb ,11;sa sapHaHTa nOKYUKH .llOMa: 3aDJiaTHTb cpa3y 99 000 TblC. p. HJIH B paccpoqKY - no 940 TbIC. p. e:lKeMecsi:qHo B TeqeHHe 15 neT. Onpe,n;eJIHTb, KaKOH BapHaHT npe,n;noqTHTeJibHee, eCJIH npou:eHTHaR CTaBKa COCTaBJIReT 8 % ro,llOBbIX. p e III e H H e. ,LI.mi: cpaBHeHHR npHBe,11;eM 3TH ,lleHe:lKHbie noTOKH K 0,llHOMY nepHO.llY BpeMeHH, T. e. paccqHTaeM TeKYIIIYJO CTOHMOCTb 6y.llYIUHX <l>HKCHpoBaHHblX nepHO.ll}fqeCKHX BblilJlaT. .[{onyCTHM, ~ BblilJlaTbl npoHCXO,llHT B KOHU:e KIDK.UOro pacqeTttoro nepHo,n;a. Ilo ycnoBHIO 3a,naqH nepHO.ll HaqHcneHHR npou:eHTOB paneH Mecsi:u:y. Ilo Ta6JI. 12.3 onpe,n;eJIHM o6mee q}ICJIO nepHO.llOB BblilJlaT Knep = 15 路 12 H npou:eHTH}'IO CTaBKY 3a nepHO,ll HaqHCJieHHR HOpMa= 8 %/12. PacqeT MO:lKHO BbIDOJIHHTb no <l>OPMYJie (12.51) HJIH c Hcnonb3oBaHHeM <l>YHKUHH Il3: Il3(8%/12;15* 12;-940) = 98 362,16 TblC. p. 3anpaIIIHBaeMaR u:eHa (99 000 TblC. p.) 60JibIIIe paccqHTaHHOH Te:icymeH CTOHMOCTH nepH0,1J;ffqeCKHX BblDJiaT, CJie,llOBaTeJibHO, HeBbirO.llHO noKYUaTb ,llOM cpa3y, nyqIIIe paCTRffYTb DJiaTe)!(H Ha 15 JieT. ~ Hil3. 3Ta <l>YHKIJ;H.H npe.n;HaJHaqeHa .llJl.H BbJqHCJieHH.H qffCTOM TeKYrn;e:H CTOHMOCTH (NPV) nepHO,ll;Jf'leCKHX ITJiaTexe:H nepeMeHHOM BeJIH11HHbl KaK CYMMbl O)l{H,ll;aeMbIX ,n;oxo,n;oB H pacxo,n;oB:

167

NPV

= f, value;;• (1 + r)

i=I

r -

r.ue

(12.52)

HOpMa .UHCKOHTHpOBaHIDI (cpe,UIDUI ueHa KaIIHTaJia);

q11c110 BblIIJiaT H IIOCTYIIJieHHH;

value; -

n -

3HaqeHIDI BbIIIJiaT H IlOC'fYII-

JieHHH. <l>opM}'Jia (12.52) COOTBeTCTByeT <t>opM}'Jie (12.38) KJiaCCJ.lqeCKOH MO,UeJIH. MeTO.U onpe.ueJieHIDI qffCTOH TeKYUieH CTOHMOCTH qacTO rrpHMeIDIeTCH npH oueHKe 3<l><l>eKTHBHOCTH HHBeCTHUHH. OH noJBOJIHeT onpe.uenHTh HIDICHIOIO rpaHHuy npH6bIJibHOCTH H HCITOJib30BaTb ee B KaqeCTBe Kp:UTepIDI npH BbI6ope HaH60Jiee 3<l><l>eKTHBHOfO npoeKTa. ,llHCKOHTHpOBaHHe O)l(lf,UaeMhIX .UOXO.UOB H paCXO.UOB Il03BOJIHeT yqeCTb HJ,aep)IQ(lf npHBJieqeHIDI KaITHTa.n:a. I1011o:xrnreJihHOe JHaqeH:ue

NPV

HBJIHeTCH IlOKaJareJieM roro, ~ npoeKT npHHOCHT qffCTYJO npH6bIJib CBOHM HHBecropaM IIOCJie IlOKpbITIDI Bcex CBHJaHHbIX c HHM paCXO.UOB. CHHTaKCHC HI13(HopMa;cYMMal;cYMMa2; ... ;cYMMaN). CqHTaeTCH, qTo HHBeCTHUIDI, qffCTaH TeKYUiaH CTOHMOCTb KOTOpoli BhNHCJIHeTcH c noMOIUhIO <l>YHKUHH HI13, Haq11HaeTcH Ja O.UHH rrep110.u .uo .uaTbI apfYMeHTa CYMMal H JaKaffqHBaeTCH c nocne.uHHM JHaqeHHeM B cnHcKe. Ecn:u nepBhIH .ueHe:>KHhIH BJHoc npHXO.UHTCH Ha Haqa.n:o nepBoro nep110.ua BhIIIJiaT, TO nepBoe JHaqeH:ue cne.uyeT .uo6aBHTh (HJIH BbNeCTb, eCJIH 3TO JaTpaTbl) K pe3yJihTaTY <l>YHKUHH HI13, HO He BKJIIOqaTb ero B CITHCOK apfYMeHTOB.

3aoa'la. Httaecnn.1.HH B npoeKT K KOHIJ.Y nepaoro ro.n.a ero peanHJaIJ.HH 10 000 p. B nocne,1.1;y101I.1,He TpH ro.n.a m1rn.n.a10TcH ro.n.oable .n.oxo.n.b1 no npoeKTY 3000, 4200 H 6800 p. J13.n.ep:>KKH npHBJietieHHH KanHTana 10 %. Paccocrnm1T

C'IHTaTb 'IHCTYIO TeKYllJ.YIO CTOHMOCTb npoeKTa. p e ill e H He. TaK KaK HHBeCTHUHH

10 000

p. OTHOCHTCH He K Ha'laJibHOMY

MOMeffTY, Ha KOTOpbIJ:\: npOH3BO,ll.HTCH pactieT, TO 3TO 3Ha'leHHe CJie.n.yeT BKJIIOqffTb B cnHCOK apryMeHTOB. IlOCKOJibKY 3TOT .n.ette:lKHbIH noTOK OTHOCHTCH K JaTpaTilM, TO CYMMa

10 000

JanHCblBaeTCH co 3HaKoM MHffYC. OcTanbHble

.n.eHe:lKHble nOTOKH npe,ll.CTilBJIHIOT co6oH ,ll.OXO,ll.bl, n03TOMY OHH ~bmaIOTCH co 3HaKOM IIJIIOC. qHCTYIO TeKYllJ.YIO CTOHMOCTb npoeKTil MO:lKHO 3aIIHCaTb B CJie,l.l;ylOII.l,eM BH.D.e: Hil3( 10%;- l 0 000;3000;4200;6800)

= 1188,44 p.

IlonyqeHttoe 3HatieHHe npe.n.cTaBJIHeT co6oH: a6coJIIOTffYIO npH6blJib OT BJIO:lKeHHH

10 000

p. qepe3 ro.n. c yqeTOM H3,ll.ep:iKeK npHBJie'leHHH KanHTana.

3aoa'la. 3aTpaTbI no npoeKry B HatianbHbIH MOMeHT ero peanH3aUHH co37000 p., a O:lKH,ll.aeMble .IJ;OXO,ll.bl 3a nepBble nHTb JieT: 8000, 9200, 10 000, 13 900 H 14 500 p. Ha illeCTOH ro.n. O)l(H,ll.aeTCH y6blTOK B 5000 p. Qetta KanHTana 8 % ro,ll.OBbIX. PaCC'IHTilTb 'IHCTYIO TeKYllJ.YIO CTOHMOCTb npoeKTa.

CTaBJIHIOT

P e ill e H H e.

B 3TOM cnyqae

HeT tteo6xo.n.HMOCTH .D.HCKOHTHpoaaTb Hatianb-

Hble 3aTpaTbl no npoeKry, TaK KaK OHH OTHOCHTCH K HaCTOHII.l,eMY MOMeHTY H HX TeKYllJ.aH CTOHMOCTb paBHa

168

37 000

.llmI

cpaBHeHHH 3aTpaT c 6y.n.ymHMH

JlOXO,llaMH H y6hITKaMH UOCJie,llHHe He06XO.llHMO npHBeCTH K HaCTmnueMY MOMeHry. IlycTb .llOXO.llhl BBe.lleHhl cooTBeTcTBeHHO B H'Ieil:KH Bl: B5. Tor.Ila 'IHCTYJO TeKYIUYJO CTOHMOCTb npoeKTa MO:)f(HO 3aUHCaTb B CJie.llYIOIUeM BH,lle: HII3(8 %;Bl:B5;-5000)-37 000 = 3167,77 p.

<l>ymauur 'IHCm3. 3Ta cp)'HKIJ;IDI II03BOJUleT paccqu:TbIBaTb qu:cTeicyllzyIO CTOHMOCTb Heperym1pHbIX rrepeMeHHbIX BbIIUiaT H IIOC1)'1IJieHU:H:

T)'IO

XNPV

=~ "'-' i=l

value; do-d· (1 + r) 365

(12.53)

r.n;e r - rrpoueHTHasI CTaBKa (HOpMa .n;HCKOHTHpOBaHIDI); d; - .u;aTa i-H orrepauu:u:; do - .u;aTa ffYJieBoii orrepauu:u: (HaqaJibHasI .u;arn); value; CYMMa i-H: orrepauu:u:. Cu:maKcu:c 1fHCTH3(cTaBKa,{cYMMa0;cYMMal; ... ;cYMMaN},{.u;arn0; JJ.arnl; ... ;.u,arnN}). LJ:aTbl orrepauu:H: )J,OJDKHbl COOTBeTCTBOBaTb C}'MMaM BbIIUiaT H IIOC1)'1IJieHHH. PacqeT rrpou:3BO.U.HTC.R Ha .u.aTY OCYIUeCTBJieHIDI rrepBoii orrepauu:u:, T. e. Ha TeKYmYJO .u;a'fY. TaKHM o6pa30M rrepBasI C}'MMa (CYMMaO) He .u,u:cKOHTu:pyeTCH. Ecnu: Tpe6yeTcH c.u,enaTh pacqeT Ha .u.aTY, rrpe.u,IIIecTByiomyio .u,aTe rrepBoil orrepauu:u:, cne.u,yeT 3a,u;aTh apryMeHT CYMMaO, paBHhlM ffYJIIO. Ecnu: rrpe.u;rronaraeTcH HeCKOJibKO orrepauu:it ( mKH,LJ,aeMbIX IIOC1)'1IJieHHH H BbIIUiaT), MO)l{}{O YKa3aTb CCblJIKH Ha ,RqeHKH, co.u,epxamu:e .u,aTbl u: CYMMhl orrepauu:H: B o6~HOM cpopMaTe. 3ailarul. MHBeCTHUIDI pa3MepoM 10 MJIH p. OT 1HIOJUI1998 r., npHHeceT .llOXO.llhl: 2750 ThIC. p. 15 ceHn16pH 1998 r., 4250 TbIC. p. 1HOH6pH1998 r., 5250 ThIC. p.

1 HHBapH 1999 r. HopMa .llHCKOHTHpOBaHHH 9 %. Onpe.rr;eJIHTb 'IHCTYJO TeicyCTOHMOCTb HHBeCTHUHH Ha 1 HIOJIH 1998 r. H Ha 1 HIOJIH 1999 r. IloMeCTHM B H'Ieil:KH Bl: El ,llaThl BhIUJiaT H nocryUJieHHif, a B H'Ieil:KH B2: E2 - CyMMhl onepauHil:. Ha'laJibHhlif UJiaTe)I{ .rr;oJl)l(eH 6h1Th BKJIIO'leH B 'IHCJIO apryMeHTOB co 3HaKOM MffHYC (H'Ieil:Ka B2 = -10000). B H'Ieil:icy Al noMeCTHM .nary 1.07.1997, a B H'Ieificy A2 - ttyJieaoe 3Ha'leHHe. qHCTYJO TeKYIUYJO CTOHMOCTb HHBeCTHUHH Ha 1 HIOJIH 1998 r. H Ha 1 HIOJIH 1999 r. 3aUHllleM B CJie.llYIOIUeM BH,lle: qMCTH3(9%,B2: E2,Bl: El)= 1856,25 Thie. p.; qMCTH3(9 %,A2: E2,Al: El)= 1702,99 Thie. p. IlpH ttyJieBhIX Ha'laJibHblX 3aTPaTax (H'Ieil:Ka B2 = 0) TeKYIUaH CTOHMOCTb 6y.llYIUHX.llOXO.llOB Ha 1.07.1998 r. COCTaBHT 11856,25 ThIC. p. lll)'IO

Onpe,zi;eneHHe cpou WiaTelKa a npoQeHTHoii CTa.BKH <l>}'HKIJ;HH 3TOH rpyrrrrhl II03BOJUllOT HaxO,!l;HTb BeJiu:qu:Hbl, pacqeT KOTOpbIX BeChMa 3aTpy.u,HeH, eCJIH BbIIIOJIHHeTCH BpyqHyio: • o6mee qu:cJIO rrepU:O.U,OB IIOCTO.RHHbIX BblIUiaT, He06XO)J,HMbIX )J,JUI .U,OCTHXeHIDI 3a,!l;aHHOrO 6yJJ.YIUero 3HaqeHIDI, H qu:cJIO rrepu:o.U,OB, qe-

169

pe3 KOTOpoe HaqaJibHllil CYMMa 3aHMa (BKJia,ua) ,[(OCTl1rHeT 3a,uaHHOro 3HaqeHIDI -

<l>YHKUIDI KIIEP;

• 3HaqeH11e ITOCTOHHHOH ITpou;eHTHOH CTaBKH 3a 0,[(11H ITep110.z:t. ,[(JUI cep1111 <t>11Kc11poBaHHhIX ITep110.z:t.J1qeCKHX IIJiaTexeii 11 3HaqeH11e ITpou;eHTHOH crnBKH ITO BKJia,uy IDI11 3aHMY -

<l>yu~

KilEP.

<l>YHKUIDI HOPMA.

3Ta <l>YHKUIDI ITpe.z:t.Ha3HaqeHa ,[(JUI Bh1q11cJieHID1

o6mero q11cJia ITepl10,[(0B BhIIIJiaT KaK .z:t.JIH e.z:t.11HOH CYMMhl BKJia,ua (3aHMa), TaK 11 ,[(JIH ITep110.z:t.11qecK11X ITOCTOHHHhIX IIJiaTe)KeH Ha OCHOBe ITOCTOHHHOH ITpou;eHTHOH CTaBKH. ECJil1 IIJiaTe)Kl1 ITPOl13BOMTCH HeCKOJihKO pa3 B ro.z:t., Haii.z:t.eHHOe 3HaqeH11e Heo6X0,[(11MO pa3.z:t.eJil1Th Ha q11cJIO pacqeTHhIX ITep110.z:t.OB B ro;zy, qTo6bI HaHTl1 q11cJIO JieT BhIIIJiaT. C11HTaKc11c KIIEP(HopMa;BhIIIJiarn;H3;6c;T11IT). 3HaqeH11e <l>YHKU1111 KIIEP <l>opM)'Jia

3TO apfYMeHT

n 113 <l>OPMYJihI (12.43).

.z:t.JIH pacqern B Excel o6mero q11cJia ITep110.z:t.oB Haq11cJie-

HID1 ITpou;eHTOB, Heo6xo;::i:11MhIX ,[(JUI Toro, qTo6bI HaqaJihHllil CYMMa pa3MepoM H3 .z:t.OCTl1fJia yi<:a3aHHOfO 6y,1zymero 3HaqeHIDI 6c, 11MeeT BH.z:t. =KIIEP(HOpMa;;H3;6c).

B 3TOM cnyqae n Bhl'll1CJIHeTCH ITO <l>OPMY-

Jie ( 12.45).

,[(ml

pacqeTa o6mero q11cJia ITep11o;::i:oB, qepe3 KOTopoe COBOKYII-

Hhie <t>11Kc11poBaHHhie ITep110,[(J1qeCKHe BhIIIJiaThl COCTaBHT yi<:a3aHHOe 3HaqeH11e 6c, apfYMeHT

Bhl'll1CJIHeTCH ITO <l>OPMYJie

(12.46),

eCJil1

3Tl1 IIJiaTe)Kl1 ITPOl13BOMTCH B Haqane Ka:>K:;::i:Oro pacqeTHOfO ITep11o;::i:a, 11Jil1 ITO <t>opM)'Jie

(12.47),

eCJil1 IIJiaTe)Kl1 ITp0113BO;::vITCH B KOHU:e Ka:>K:;::i:O-

ro pacqeTHoro ITep11o;::i:a. CooTBeTCTBeHHo <l>OPMYJihI .z:t.JIH pacqern B Excel 6y.r:i:yT 11MeTh BH.z:t.: KIIEP(HopMa;BhIIIJiarn;;6c; 1)

- .z:t.JIH

BhIIIJiaT B Ha-

qane pacqeTHoro ITep110.r:i:a 11 KIIEP(HopMa;BhIIIJiarn;;6c) -

MH BhIII-

JiaT B KOHU:e pacqeTHoro ITep11o;::i:a. Ilp11 ITOrarneHl111 3aHMa pa3MepoM H3 paBHOMepHhIMl1 ITOCTOHHHhIMl1 IIJiaTe:>K:aMl1 B KOHU:e Ka:>K:;::i:OfO pacqeTHOfO ITep11o;::i:a .z:t.JIH pacqeTa q11cJia ITep11o;::i:oB, qepe3 KOTopoe ITpo1130M:;::i:eT ITOJIHOe ITorarneH11e, 11CITOJih3yeTCH <t>opM)'Jia KIIEP( HOpMa;BhIIIJiarn;H3). IlonyqeHHoe B pe3yJihTaTe TaKoro pacqeTa 3HaqeH11e MO)KHO TaK)Ke 11CITOJih30BaTh KaK ITOKa3aTeJih

cp01ca 01cynaeMOCmu ITPl1 aHaJil13e

11HBe-

CT11U110HHOf0 ITpOeKTa. Ilp11 3TOM ITpe.z:t.ITOJiaraeTCH, qTO ITOCTYIIJieH11e .z:t.OXO.z:t.OB ITp011CXO.z:t.11T ITep11o;::i:J1qeCK11 paBHhIMl1 CYMMaMl1 B KOHU:e IDil1 Haqane Ka:>K:;::i:oro pacqeTHoro ITep11o;::i:a. 3rn 3HaqeH11e 6y;::i:eT ITpe;::i:crnBJIHTh co6oii q11cJio pacqeTHhIX ITep11o;::i:oB, qepe3 KOTopoe CYMMa ;::i:oxo.z:t.OB, .z:t.11CKOHTl1pOBaHHhIX Ha MOMeHT 3aBeprneHIDI 11HBeCT11U11H, 6y;::i:eT paBHa BeJIJ1ql1He 11HBeCT11U11H.

Ja;Ja11a.

Pacc 1unaTb, qepe3 CKOJibKO 11eT BKJia,n. pa3MepoM

THrHeT BeJiffqHHbI

16,79 % H

1 MJip,!1;

12.3

(12.45)

Ha~eM apryMeHT

n. B COOTBeTCTBHH

IIPH KBapTaJibHOM HaqncJieHHH npoueHTOB npoueHTHfil! CTaBKa 3a

pacqeTHbIH nepHO,!I; paBHa

170

p. ,!J;OC-

HaqncJieHHe npoueHTOB IIPOH3BO,!l;HTCH e)KeKBapTaJibHO.

p e llI e H He. Ilo <l>OPMYJie Ta611.

1 MJIH

p., eCJIH fO,!l;OBfil! npoueHTHa.H CTaBKa TIO BKJill,Ll.Y

16,79 %/4.

Hcnonb3YH apryMeHTbI <l>YHKUHH KilEP HOpMa= 16,79 %/4, H3=-1, 6c =

I 000, ttaH,n:eM qHcno KBaprnnoB HaKonneHHit KilEP(16,79%/4;;-1;1000)=168, T. e. qHCJIO neT COCTaBHT 168/4 = 42.

3ai>a'la • .ri;m1 o6ecneqeHHj{ 6y;:i:yrn:Hx pacxo;:i:oB co3;:i:aH <l>ott;:i:, cpe;:i:crna ll KOTOpblH nOCTYUaIOT B BH)J;e nOCTOHHHOH ro;:i:oBOH peHTbl noCTttyMepaH)J;O. Pa3Mep pa3oBoro nnaTe:>Ka 16 MnH p. Ha noCTYUHBIIIHe B3HOCbI ttaqHCJij{eTcH 11, 18 % ro;:i:OBbIX. Heo6xo;:i:HMO onpe;:i:enHTb, Kor;:i:a HaKonneHHH <t>oH)J;a cocTaBHT 100 MnH p. Pe III e H He. HaH,n:eM n H3 <l>OPMYJibI (12.47). B Excel <t>opMYna )J;nj{ pacqern HMeeT BH)J; KilEP(l 1,18%;-16;;100) = 5, T.e. qepe3 Ilj{Tb neT COBOKYUHaH CYMMa BbinnaT COCTaBHT 100 MnH p.

3ai>a'la. 0)!(H)J;aeTcj{, qTo e:>Kero;:i:Hbie ;:i:oxo;:i:bI OT peanH3aI.J,HH npoeKTa cocTaBj{T 33 MnH p. Heo6xo;:i:HMO paccqHTaTb cpoK OKYUaeMOCTH npoeKTa, ecnH HHBeCTHI.J,HH K Haqany nOCTYDneHHH ,lJ;OXO,lJ;OB COCTaBj{T 100 MnH p., a HOpMa )J;HCKOHTHpOBaHHH 12,11 %. p e III e H He. qT06bI onpe;:i:enHTb, qepe3 CKOJibKO neT TeKYIIIaH CTOHMOCTb O:>KH,lJ;aeMbIX )J;OXO)J;OB 6y;:i:eT paBHa pa3Mepy HHBeCTHI.J,HH, HCnOJib3yeM cneJl:ylOIIIHe apryMeHTbI <l>YHKUHH KilEP: H3 = -100 (3HaqeHHe 3aTpaT), BblIInaTa = 33 (e:>KefO,lJ;Hbie nocrynneHHH), HOpMa = 12, 11 % (HOpMa )J;HCKOHTHpoBaHHj{). Tor;:i:a KilEP(12,11%;33;-100)=4, T. e. cpoK OKYUaeMOCTH npoeKTa COCTaBHT qeTbipe ro;:i:a.

3ai>a'la. Ccy;:i:a pa3MepoM 66 000 TbIC. p., Bbl.ll:aHHaH no;:i: 36 % ro;:i:oBbIX, noraIIIaeTcH o6bNHbIMH e:>KeMecHqHbIMH nnaTe:>KaMH no 6630 TbIC. p. PaccqHTaTb cpoK noraIIIeHHH ccy;:i:b1. Pe III e H He. Onpe;:i:enHM no rn6n. 12.3 npou,eHTHyIO CTaBKY 3a MeCj{I.J,: 36 %/12 (apryMeHT HOpMa). IlpH HcnOJib30BaHHH <l>YHKUHH KilEP e:>KeMecj{qHbie BbinnaTbl 3anHCb1BaIOT KaK OTpHI.J,aTeJibHble qffcJia (apryMeHT BblnnaTa = -6630), a CYMMY nonyqettttoro 3aHMa - KaK noJIO)!(HTeJibHOe qffcno (H3 = 66 000). TaK KaK 3aeM noJIHOCTbIO noraIIIaeTCH, ero 6y;:i:yrn:aH CTOHMOCTb paBHa 0, T. e. apryMeHT 6c MO)!(HO orryCTHTb. Tor;:i:a cpoK, 3a KOTOpbIH npoH3oH.n:eT nonttoe noraIIIeHHe 3aHMa, MO)!(HO 3anHCaTb B cne;:i:yIOrn:eM BH,lJ;e: KilEP(36%/12;-6630;66 000) = 12 Mee. = l r.

Cl>yu~ HOPMA. 3Ta <l>YHKIJ;IDI orrpe.D,eJUieT JHaqemre rrpoueHTHo:H CTaBKH 3a O,LJ,HH pacqeTHbIH rrepHO,LJ,. ~ HaxmK,LJ,eHID.! ro,LJ,OBOH rrpoueHTHOH CTaBKH rro.rryqeHHOe 3HaqeHHe CJie;zyeT )'MHO)l(HTb Ha qJiCJIO pacqeTHbIX rrepHO,LJ,OB 3a ro,LJ,. CHHTaKCHC HOPMA(KIIep;BhIIIJiaTa;HJ;6c;THrr;rrpe.D,rroJioxeHHe). 3HaqeHHe <l>YHKUHH HOPMA - 3TO apfYMeHT r H3 <t>opMyJihI

(12.43). <l>yttKIJ;IDI HOPMA HaxO,LJ,HTCH MeTO.D.OM rrocJie,LJ,oBaTeJihHoro rrpH6JIH)KeHID.! H MOXeT He HMeTb perneHID.! HJIH HMeTb HeCKOJibKO perneHHH. EcJIH rrocne 20 HTepauH:H rrorpernHOCTb orrpe.D,eJieHID.! CTaBKH

171

npeBhilllaeT 0,0000001, TO ct>YHKUIDI HOPMA B03BpamaeT 3HaqeHHe OllIH6KH #ql.fCJIO!. B 3TOM c.rryqae MO)l{HO nonhITaThCH 3a,!l;aTh ,n;pyroU: apryMeHT-npe,n;nonoxeHHe, no YMOJiqaHHIO paBHhIH 10 % (B 6oJihllIHHCTBe c.rryqaeB ero He Tpe6yeTCH 3a,n;aBaTh). PaccMOTpHM BapHaHThI npaKTffqeCKoro npHMeHeHIDI 3TOH <l>YHKUHH. ,LJ;orrycTHM, Heo6xo.n;HMO pacc•rnTaTh npoueHTH)'IO CTaBKY no cpopMYJie (12.45) npH H3BeCTHOH TeKYIUeH CTOHMOCTH H3, 6y,n;ymeU: CTOHMOCTH 6c, qffcJie nepHO,D;OB KI1ep. 3Ta cpOPMYJia B Excel 6y,n;eT HMeTb BH,D, HOPMA(Krrep;;HJ;6c;;npe,n;nonoxeHHe). IlpH pacqernx cpHKCHpOBaHHhIX 06H3aTeJihHhIX H o6bl'IHhIX nepHO,ll;ffqeCKHX IIJiaTexeU: no cpopMYJiaM (12.46) H (12.47) npou;eHTHYIO CTaBKY Ja pacqeTHhIH nepHo,n; B Excel MO)l{HO JanHCaTh B BH,D,e HOPMA(Krrep, BhIIIJiaTa,, 6c, THn, npe,n;nonoxeHHe). <l>OPMYJia ,D;JIH pacqeTa npou;eHTHOH CTaBKH no 3aHMY pa3MepoM H3 npH paBHOMepHOM norallleHHH 06hl'IHhIMH nepHO,D;ffqeCKHMH IIJiaTe)l{aMH H ycJIOBHH, qTo 3aeM nOJIHOCThlO noralllaeTCH, 6y,n;eT HMeTb BH,ll, HOPMA(Krrep;BhIIIJiaTa;HJ;;;npe,n;nonoxeHHe).

3aiJarca. Ilpe.nnOJIO:lKHM, qTQ KOMnaHHH noTpe6yeTCH 100 000 TbIC. p. qepe3 ,n;Ba ro.na. KoMnaHHH roToBa BJIO:lKHTh 5000 TbIC. p. cpa3y, a 3aTeM BKJia.!l;blBaTb no 2500 TbIC. p. KIDK.!l;blH MecHu;. KaKHM .noJDKeH 6hITb npou;eHT Ha HHBeCTHPOBaHHbie cpe.ncTBa, qTo6bI nonyqHTb Heo6XO.!l;HM)'IO CYMMY B KOHU:e BToporo ro.na? Pe III e H He. TaK KaK CYMMa 100 000 TbIC. p. (aprYMeHT 6c IPYHKUHH HOP-

MA) ¢iopMHpyeTcH 3a cqeT npHBe,n;eHIDI K 6y.nymeMY MOMeHTY HaqaJibHOro BKJia,!l;a B 5000 TbIC. p. H ¢IHKCHpOBaHHbIX e)l{eMeCj{qHbIX BbIIlJiaT, Heo6XO.!l;HMO YKa3aTb o6a aprYMeHTa ¢iYHKUHH HOPMA: BbIIlJiaTa = -2500, H3 = -5000. 06rn;ee qHCJIO nepHO.!l;OB HaqHcJieHHH npou:eHTOB onpe.neJIHM no Ta6JI. 12.3: KIIEP = 2 · 12, no.ncTaBHB KOTopoe B pacqeTHYJO ¢IOPMYJIY nonyqHM: HOPMA(24;-2500;-5000; 100 000) = 3,28 %. Tor.na ro.noBaH npou;eHTHaH cTaBKa cocTaBHT 3,28 · 12 = 39,36 %, T. e. npou;eHT Ha BJIO)l(eHHble cpe,n;cTBa .!l;OJDKeH 6bITb He MeHbIIIe 3TOfO 3HaqeHIUI.

3aiJarca. Ilpe.nnoJIO:lKHM, qTo KOMnaHIDI OTKa3aJiaCb OT e)l{eMeCj{qHhJX BblilJiaT (CM. npe.nbl.!l;}'IUYIO 3a,!l;aqy) H roTOBa cero.nHH noJIO)l(HTb Ha .nen03HT 40 000 TblC. p. Onpe,n;eJIHTb, KaK B 3TOM CJiyqae H3MeHHTCH MHHHMaJibHaH ro.!l;OBaH npou;eHTHaH CTaBKa. Pe III e H He. CrnBKa (aprYMeHT r) onpe.neJIHeTCH H3 ¢iopMYJibI (12.43). CYMMa 100 000 TbIC. p. ¢iopMHpyeTCH TOJibKO 3a cqeT npHBe,n;eHIDI K 6y.nymeMY MOMeHTY HaqaJibHOfO BKJia,!l;a: 12 * HOPMA(24;;-40000;100 000) = 46, 7 %, T. e. B 3TOM cnyqae MHHHMaJibHaH ro.!l;OBaH npou;eHTHaH CTaBKa, npH KOTOpo:H .!l;OCTHraeTCH 3a,!l;aHHOe 6y.nymee 3HaqeHHe, B03pacTaeT .no 46,7 %.

3aiJarca. PaccqHTaTb npou;eHTHYIO cTaBKY MH qeTblpexneTHero 3ai1Ma B 7000 TbIC. p. c e)l{eMeCj{qHblM noraIIIeHHeM no 250 ThlC. p. npH yCJIOBHH, ~o 3aeM noJIHOCTbIO noraIIIaeTCH.

172

Pe III e H He. 6y,eymee 3HaqettHe exeMeCSl'!HhIX BblIIJiaT no 250 ThIC. p. ,n;oJIlKHO cocTaBHTb qepe3 qeTblpe ro.n;a CYMMY 3aH:Ma c npou,eHTaMH, T. e. 3aeM JlOJI)l{eH 6b1Tb nOJIHOCTblO noraIIIeH. TeicyI.I.J,ruI CTOHMOCTb 3aH:Ma no ycJI081110 paBHa 7000 ThIC. p. (apryMeHT H3 = 7000). IIo 3aHMy HaqffCJUleTCH npou,em B TeqeHHe 4. 12 nepHO,ZJ;OB. IlpH 3THX ycJIOBIDIX exeMeCj{qffaH npou,eHTHaH CTaBKa onpe,n;eJIHeTCH no cJie.n;yJOmeH: <t>oPMYJie: HOPMA(48;-250;7000) = 2,46. Tor.n;a ro.n;oBaH npou,eHTHruI CTaBKa cocTaBHT 2,46 路 12 = 29,5 %. ~ 3<1><1>EKT H HOMl1HAJI rrpe,llHa:JHaqeHbI cooTBeTCTBeHHO )l.1IH pacqeTa 3<l><l>eKTHBHOH H HOMHHaJibHOH npou;eHTHbIX CTaBOK. OpH BhirrycKe u;eHHhIX 6)'Mar, 3a1uuoqeHHH <l>HHaHCOBhIX KOffTPaKTOB, 3aHMax Ha )lOJirOBOM comarneHHH yxa3bIBaIOTCH ro)lOBaH HOMHHaJibHaH npou;eHTHaH CTaBKa H nepHO)l Haql{CJieHHH (ro,ll, no.rryro,LJ,He, KBapTaJI). HaqHcJieHHe no HOMHHaJihHOH CTaBKe npOH3BOJlHTCH no <t>opM}'Jie CJIOlKHbIX npou;eHTOB. fO)lOBaH CTaBKa, o6ecneqHBaIOIU:aH TOT xe )lOXO)l, qTO H HOMHHaJibHaH CTaBKa nocne HaqHcJieHHH CJIO)l(HbIX npoI.J,eHTOB, HBJIHeTCH 3<l><l>eKTHBHOH npou;eHTHOH CTaBKOH. HoMHHaJihHaH H 3<l><l>eKTHBHaH npou;eHTHbie CTaBKH 3KBHBaJieHTHbI no <l>HHaHCOBOMY pe3yJibTaTY H pacqHTbIBaIOTCH no <t>opM}'Jie

3<1><1>EKT.

(12.22).

3Ta <l>YHKUHH npe,llHa:JHaqeHa )lJIH BbNHCJie-

HHH ,LJ,eHCTByIOIUHX (3<l><l>eKTHBHbIX) exero)lHbIX npou;eHTHbIX CTaBOK, eCJIH 33,ll;aHbI HOMHHaJibHaH ro)lOBaH npou;eHTHaH CTaBKa H q}ICJIO pacqeTHbIX nepHOJlOB 3a ro)l. CHHTaKcHc 3<1><1>EKT(HOMHHaJihHaH_CTaBKa,Kon_nep).

3aiJa'la. 3aeM B 1000 TblC. p. B3HT no.n; HOMHHaJibttyIO npou,eHTttyIO CTaBKY 12 % Ha TpH ro.na. Beeb 3aeM H ttaqHcJieHHble Ha Hero npou,eHTbI .ll;OJl)l{Hbl 6b1Tb BblIIJiaqeHbl e.n;HHOH CYMMOH B KOHI.J,e cpoKa 3a:H:Ma. K.aKaH CYMMa 6y,neT BbIIIJiaqeHa npH HaqHcJieHHH npou,emoB: a) nonyro.n;oBoM; 6) exeKBapTaJibHoM; B) MeCSl'lHOM; r) exe,nHeBHOM.

Pe III e H He. 3a,n;aqy MO)l{HO peIIIHTb HeCKOJibKHMH cnoco6aMH. B Excel CyI.I.J,eCTByeT <l>YHKI.J.HH 63, no3BOJIHIOI.I.J,aH BblnOJIHHTb pacqeT B COOTBeTCTBHH C ,naHHbIMH Ta6JI. 12.3 H <l>OPMYJIOH (12.45): a) 63(12%/2;2*3;;-1000)= 1418,52 ThIC. p.; 6) 63(12%/4;4*3;;-1000)=1425,76 TblC. p.; B) 63(12 %/12;12 * 3;;-1000) = 1430,77 TbIC. p.; r) 63(12 %/365;365 * 3;;- 1000) = 1433,24 TblC. p. TaKXe MO)l{HO paccqHTaTb 6y.nyI.I.J,yIO CTOHMOCTb 3aH:Ma, HCnOJib3yH 3<l><t>eKTHBHYIO npoueuTttyIO cTaBicy. BbJqHCJIHM 3<l><l>eKTHBHble cTaBKH B Sl'leH:KaX Al :A4. a) Al= 3<I><I>EKT(l2 %,2) = 0,1236 TbIC. p.; 6) A2 = 3<I><I>EKT(l2 %,4) = 0,1255 Thie. p.; B) A3 = 3<I><I>EKT(l2 %,12) = 0,1268 TbIC. p.; r) A4 = 3<I><I>EKT(l2 %,365) = 0,1275 TblC. p.

173

B wieifKY Bl BBe.n;eM <l>OPMYJIY .nmi: Bhrqwcnemrn 6yJJYI.UeH CTOHMOCTH 3aifMa: Bl = E3(Al;3;;-1000) H cKorrnpyeM ee B wieifKH B2: B4. Pe3yJihTaThI pacqeTa qeThrpex BapwaHTOB 6y.n;yT naxo.n;HThCSI B wieifKax B 1 : B4: 3TO cooTBeTCTBettno 1418,52, 1425,76, 1430,77, 1433,24 ThIC. p. <I>~ HOMHHAJI. 3Ta <l>YHKll;JUI ITpe,ri;Ha3HaqeHa MH Bhl'UfCJieHIDI HOMHHaJihHOH fO.IJ;OBOH ITPOUeHTHOH CTaBKH ITPH H3BeCTHhIX 3$$eKTHBHOH CTaBKe H qffcJie pacqeTHhIX ITepHO.IJ;OB 3a ro,ri;. CHHTaKcHc HOMHHAJI(3$$eKT_CTaBKa,KOJI_ITep). 3HaqeHHe <l>YHKUHH HOMHHAJI 3TO apryMeHT <t>opMyJihI

(12.22).

3aiJa'la. 3<t><l>eKTHBHa.SI CTaBKa COCTaBJisreT 28 %; naqwcJieHHe rrpoI.J,eHTOB rrpoH3BO)];HTCSI e)l(eMecwino. PaccqHTaTh HOMHHaJihH)'lO CTaBK)'. p e III e H H e. HOMHHaJihH)'lO ro.n;oByio rrpoI.J,eHTHYIO CTaBK)' orrpe.n;eJIHM ITO cne.n;yioII.J,eif <l>opM}'Jie: HOMI1.HAJ1(28 %,12) = 0,2494 HJIH 24.94 %.

Pac'leT

nepao~ecKHX

DJiaTeJKeii

Cl>yttKUHH Excel IT03BOJIHIOT BhJqHcJIHTh cJie.IJ;yIO:rn;He ITapaMeTphI, CBH3aHHbie c ITepHO,IJ;HqecKHMH BhIIIJiaTaMH: • ITepHo,ri;wqecKHe IIJiaTe)KM, ocy:rn;ecTBJIHeMhre Ha ocHoee ITOCTOHHHOH ITpoueHTHOH CTaBKH H He MeHHIO:rn;HeCH 3a BCe epeMH pacqeTa <l>YHKUIDI IIIIJIAT; • IIJiaTe)KM ITO ITpoueHTaM 3a KOHKpeTHhIH ITepHO.IJ; - <l>YHKUIDI IlJIIlPOIJ,; • CYMMY IIJiaTexeif ITO ITpoueHTaM 3a HeCKOJihKO ITepuo,ri;oe ITO.IJ;psr,ri; - <l>YHKUIDI OE.W:IlJIAT; • OCHOBHbie IIJiaTe)KM ITO 3aHMY (3a BbNeTOM ITpoueHTOB) 3a KOHKpeTHhIH ITepuo,ri; - <l>YHKUIDI OCHIIJIAT; • CYMMY OCHOBHhIX IIJiaTexeif 3a HeCKOJihKO nepuo,ri;oe no,ri;pH.IJ; <l>YHKUIDI 0 EI.11)1,0XO,U. Bee 3TU IIJiaTe)KM BhNHCJIHIDTCH, HanpHMep npu pacqeTe cxeMhI paBHOMepHoro norarneHIDI 3aifMa. ,UonycTHM, qTo 3aeM norarnaeTCH O.IJ;HHaKOBhlMH IIJiaTexaMH B KOHUe Ka)l(.IJ;OfO pacqeTHOfO nepuo,ri;a. Ey,ri;y:rn;asr CTOUMOCTh 3THX IIJiaTexeif 6y,ri;eT paeHa CYMMe 3aHMa c HaqucJieHHhlMH npoueHTaMH K KOHuY nocJie,IJ;Hero pacqeTHOfO nepHO,ri;a, ecJiu npe,ri;noJiaraeTCH ITOJIHoe ero norarneHue. ,ri;pyroH CTOpOHhl, TeKy:rn;aH CTOUMOCTh BhIIIJiaT no 3aHMY ,IJ;OJI)l(Ha paBHHThCH HacTosr:rn;eif ero CYMMe. EcJiu U3BeCTHhI CYMMa 3aifMa, npoueHTHaH CTaBKa H cpoK, Ha KOTOphIH BhI,IJ;aH 3aeM, MO)l(HO paccquTaTb CYMMY ITOCTOHHHhIX nepuo,ri;wqecKHX IIJiaTexeif, He06XO.IJ;UMhIX .IJ;JIH paBHOMepHoro norarneHIDI 3aifMa, c noMo:rn;hID <l>YHKUHH IIIIJIAT. BhlqucJieHHhre IIJiaTe)KM BKJ110qa10T B ce6sr CYMMY npoueHTOB no HenorarneHHOH qacTU 3aHMa H OCHOBHYJO BhIIIJiaTY no 3aHMY. 3TU Be-

174

Ta6nuua 12.4 CxeMa norameHHJ1 3aiiMa fo.11 i. Cymta Jatl:Ma Ha HaqaJio n orarneIUrn Jatl:Ma ro.11a, p.

06masi: CyMMa IIJiaTe)l(ll,

IlJiaTe)[(H ITO ITpoueHraM,

Cymta OCHOBHOfO IIJiaTe)l(ll ITO JaHMy, p.

CymiaJatl:Ma Ha KOHeu ro.11a, p.

70000,00

31680,16

11 900,00

19 780,16

50219,84

31680,16

8537,57

23 142,78

27077,06

31680,16

4603,10

27077,06

Hroro

95 040,47

25 040,47

70000,00

JIWHfHbl 3aBHCHT OT HOMepa pacqeTHOro nepHO.D;a H paccqJ.fTbIBaIOTCH c noMom;blo <l>YIIKUHH TIJITIPOU H OCHTIJIAT. HaKoIUieHHhie 3a HeCKOJibKO nepHO.D;OB IUiaTexrn: BbNHCJIHIOT c IlOMOIIJ;blO <l>YIIKUHH OBll.J,TIJIAT H OBII.J,UOXO)l ,Il;JIH npHMepa B Ta6JI. 12.4 npwBe.D;eHa cxeMa norarneHHH 3aH:Ma B 70 000 p., BbI.D;aHHOro cpOKOM Ha TpH ro.D;a TIO.D; 17 % ro,D;OBbIX, paccqJ.fTaHHaH c noMOIIJ;hIO <l>HHaHCOBhIX <l>YIIKUHH Excel (pacqeTbI no.S1cH.S1IOTCH .D;aJiee npH onwcaHHH <l>YIIKUHH). ~ 11IIJIAT. 3Ta <l>YIIKUH.SI npe,D;Ha3HaqeHa .D;JIH BbNHCJieHH.SI pa3Mepa BbIIIJiaTbl 3a O.D;HH pacqeTHblH nepHO.D; Ha OCHOBe <l>HKCHpoBaHHbIX nepHO.IJ;J.iqeCKHX IIJiaTe)l(eH H nocTOHHHOH npou;eHTHOH CTaBKll. BhlIIJiaTbI, paccqHTaHHbie c noMOIIJ;hIO <l>YIIKUHH IIIIJIAT, BKJIIOqa10T B ce6.S1 ocHOBHbie IUiaTexrn: H IUiaTe)l(J.f no npou;eHTaM. 3ttaqeHHe <l>YIIKUHH TIIIJIAT - 3TO apryMeHT pmt H3 <t>opM)'JihI (12.43). CHHTaKcwc IITIJIAT(ttopMa;KTiep;tt3;6c;THn). <l>yHKUH.SI 11IIJIAT npHMeH.SleTCH, eCJIH H3BeCTHa 6y,IzyIIJ,aH CTOHMOCTb <l>HKCHPOBaHHbIX nepHO.D;J.fqecKHX BbITIJiaT, npOH3BO.D;HMbIX B Haqane HJIH KOHUe Ka)l(,D;OfO pacqeTHOro nepHO.D;a H Tpe6yeTCH paccqHTaTb pa3Mep 3THX BbIIIJiaT. I-fa <t>opM)'JI (12.46) H (12.47) HaxO.D;HM apryMeHT pmt. CoorneTCTBeHHO 3anHch B Excel 6y.D;eT HMeTb cne.D;yIOm;HH: BH,D;: =IlIIJIAT(HOpMa;KTiep;;6c;THn). <l>yHKUH.SI 11IIJIAT npHMeH.SleTCH TaK)l(e npH pacqeTe paBHbIX nePHO.IJ;J.iqeCKHX IIJiaTe)l(eH no 3aHM)' pa3MepoM H3, He06XO.D;HMblX .D;JIH nonttoro norarneHH.SI 3Toro 3aH:Ma qepe3 Knep qJ.icJio nepHO.D;OB. TaK KaK TeKYIIJ;aH CTOHMOCTb 3THX BbIIUiaT .ll;OJl)l(Ha paBH.SITbC.SI TeKYIIJ;eH CYMMe 3aH:Ma, apryMeHT pmtonpe.D;eJIHIOT H3 <t>opM)'JI (12.50) H (12.51), T.e. qepe3 TeKYm:YIO CYMMY 3aH:Ma, cTaBKY npou;eHTa H qwcno nepHo.D;OB. CooTBeTCTByIOm;HH: pacqeT B Excel BbIIIOJIH.S1eTc.S1 no <t>opM)'ne: =TITIJIAT(HOpMa;KIIep;H3;;THn). 06bNHO norarneHHe 3aH:Ma npOHCXO.D;HT B KOHI.J;e Ka)l(.IJ;Oro pacqeTHOro nepHo.D;a. B 3TOM cnyqae pacqeTHaH <t>opM)'Jia 6y.D;eT HMeTb BM =TITIJIAT(HOpMa, KTiep, H3), TaK KaK apryMeHT THn = 0.

175

Ecirn JaeM norarnaeTcH He noJIHOCTbIO, T. e. ero 6yJlYlllee 3Ha11eHHe He paBHO ttyJIIO, Heo6X0)1,HMO yx:aJaTh apryMeHT 6c, KOTOpblH paBeH HenorarneHHOMY ocTaTKY Jaii:Ma nocne acex BblITJiaT.

3aiJa11a. Tpe6yeTCH HaKonHTh 4000 Thie. p. Ja TpH ro.na, OTKJIMbIBM noCTOHHHYJO CYMMY B KOHUe K!UK,D;Oro MeCHUa. KaKOH JJ:OJDKHa 6b1Tb 3Ta CYMMa, eCJIH npoueHTHM CTaBKa no BKJia)J;y COCTaBJIHeT 12 % ro.noBblX. Pe III e H He. Onpe.neJIHM o6mee qHcJio nepHo.noB ttaqHcJieHHH npouettTOB H npoueHTH)'IO CTaBKY Ja pacqeTHhIH nepHOJJ: no Ta6JI. 12.3. 3TH BeJIHqlfHhl cocTaBHT cooTBeTcTBeHHO 3 路 12 (apryMeHT <l>YHKUHH KTIEP) H 12 %/12 (apryMeHT <l>YHKUHH HOPMA). ApryMeHT rnn = 0, TaK KaK no ycnoBHIO 3TO BKJiaJJ:hl nocTffYMepaHJJ:o. Tor.na BeJIIfqHHa e.JKeMecHqHbIX BhIITJiaT B Excel 6y.neT HMeTb CJie.a:yIOIUHA BHJJ:: IIIIJIAT(12 %/12;12 * 3;;4000) =-92,86 ThIC. p.

3aiJa11a. EaHK Bhl.D:aJI ccy.a:y 200 MJIH p. Ha qeTh1pe ro.na no.n 18 % ro.noBhIX. Ccy.na BbI.D:aHa B Haqane ro.na, a noraIIIeHHe HaqHHaeTCH B KOHUe ro.na o.nHHaKOBbIMH ITJiaTe.JKaMH. Onpe.neJIHTh paJMep ccy.nhl, noraIIIaeMoH: e.JKero.ntto. Pe III e H H e. E.JKero.nHhie ITJiaTe.JKH onpe.neJIHM no cJie.a:yIOmeA <l>OPMYJie: IIIIJIAT(l8%;4;-200) = 74,35 MJIH p. 06paTHTe BHHMaHHe, qTo .D:JIH 6aHKa BbI.naHHM ccy.na - 3TO OTpHUaTeJibHM BeJIHqHHa, a BhlqlfcJieHHble e.JKero.nHhle nOCTYITJieHHH - noJIO.lKHTeJibHM.

3aiJa11a. PaccqHTaTb o6myIO CYMMY ITJiaTe.JKeH: B Ta6JI. 12.4. Pe III e H He. 06myIO CYMMY ITJiaTe.JKa ttaA.neM no cJie.a:yIOmeH: <t>oPMYJie: IIIIJIAT(l7%;3;- 70 000) = 31680,16 ThIC. p. Cl>ye~ UJIIIPOIJ:. C nOMOW:blO 3TOH cpyttKUHH Bhl'IHCJIHIOT ITJiaTe)KH no npoueHTaM Ja 3a.z:i;aHHhlH pac11eTHhlH nepHo.n Ha ocHoae nepHO)],H'leCKHX noCTOHHHblX BbIITJiaT H noCTOHHHOH npoueHTHOH CTaBKH. CHHTaKCHC TIJITIPOU:(HopMa;nepHo.n;KITep;Tc;6c;THn). IlpH paBHOMepHOM norarneHHH 3aHMa noCTOHHHaH nepHO)],H'leCKaH BbIITJiaTa BKJI1011aeT a ce6H ITJiaTe)KH no npoueHTaM no HenorarneHHOH 11acTH JaHMa H BblITJiazy 3a.z:i;oJDKeHHOCTH. TaK KaK HenorarneHHaH 11acTb Ja:HMa YMeHbrnaeTcH no Mepe ero norarneHHH, YMeHbrnaeTCH H )1.0JIH ITJiaTexe:H no npoueHTaM a o6me:H CYMMe BblilJiaT, a )1.0JIH BblilJiaThl Ja.z:i;oJDKeHHocTH yaeJIH'IHBaeTCH . .[l.mI onpe.neneHHH pa3Mepa ITJiarexa no npoueHTaM Ha KOHKpeTHhlH nepHo.n, ecJIH norarneHHe 3a:HMa npOH3B0)1,HTCH paBHblMH ITJiaTe:>KaMH B KOHUe Ka:>K)l;OfO pac11eTHoro nepHO)].a, HCnOJib3yIOT cl>OPMYJIY =IIJITIPOU:(HOpMa;nePHO)].;KITep ;Tc). Bhl'IHCJieHHe .noxo.na, KOTOphlH npHHOCHT nocTOHHHhle nepH0)1.H11ecKHe BblITJiaTbI 3a KOHKPeTHbIH nepHO)], H KOTOpbIH npe)].CTaBJIHeT co6o:H CYMMY npoueHTOB, Ha'IHCJieHHblX Ha HaKoITJieHHhle ( c npoueHTaMH) K )1,aHHOMY MOMeHzy COBOKYfiHble BJIO:>KeHHH npOH3B0)1.HTCH no cl>OPMYJie IlJIIIPOU:(HOpMa, nepHO)]., KITep,, 6c, THn).

176

3aiJa11~. Bhl'IHCJIHTb JIJiaTe)IGI no npou;eHTaM 3a nepBhlii MCCHU: OT 'l'pexro.LUfllHOro 3\lHMa B 800 ThIC. p. H3 paC'ICTa 10 % ro.n;OBhIX. Pe w e '~ H e. Onpe,neJIHM 'IHCJIO nepHo,noB H CTaBicy 3a nepHo,n no cne.ny10meu <t>o~ne: HOpMa = 10 %/12, KIIep = 12 路 3. 3aTeM HaH.neM JIJiaTex 3a nepBhIH nelJHO.IJ;: IlJIIlPqIJ;(10%/12;1;12 * 3;800) =-6,667 ThIC. p.

3aiJa11a. 3a C'ICT exerO.D;HblX OT'IHCJICHHii B TC'ICHHC UICCTH JICT 6hIJI c<t>opMHPOBaH <t>ou.n B 5000 ThIC. p. Onpe,neJIHTb, KaKoii: .noxo.n npHHeCJIH BJioxeHHH BJia.IJ;CJihJJY 3a nOCJIC.IJ;HHii ro.n, CCJIH ro.n;OBaH npou;eHTHaH CTaBKa COCTaBJIHJia 17 ,5 %. Pew e H He. )l;oxo.n 3a nocne.n;HHii ro.n (wecToii: nepuo.n) cocTaBHT: IlJIIlPOQ(l 7,5%;6;6; ;5000) = 664,81 ThIC. p. Exero.n;Ho OT'IHCJIHJIOcb: IlilJIAT(l 7,5%;6;;5000) =-536,27 Thie. p.

3aiJa11a. Pacc'IHTaTb JIJiaTe)IGI no npou:eHTaM B Ta6JI. 12.4. Pew e H He. IlJiare)IGI no npou;eHTaM 3a nepBhIB ro.n: 70 000路0,17 = 11 900 p. I-fa cyMMhl 3aHMa Ha Ha'laJIO ro.na Bhl'ITCM 06my10 CYMMY JIJiaTexa H noJiyqHM cyMMY 3aHMa Ha KOHCU: nepaoro H Ha'laJIO BTOporo ro.noB: 70 000 - 31680,16 = 50 219,84 p. Ha nonyqeHHYIO CYMMY Ha'IHCJIHeM 17 % 3a BTopoii: ro.n: 50 219,84 路 0,17 = = 8537,57p. AHanorH'IHO HaH.n;eM cyMMY npou;eHTOB 3a 'fPCTHii ro.n: 27 077 ,06路0,17 = = 4603,1 p. B Excel .naHHhIH pactieT 6y.neT HMeTb cne.ny10mHii: BH.IJ;: IIJIIlPOU:(17%; 1;3;-70 000) = 11 900 p.; IIJIIlPOU:(l 7%;2;3;-70 000) = 8537 ,37 p.; IIJIIlPOU:(17%;3;3;-70 000) = 4603,10 p.

<D)'llKQllR 06IlJ;JIJIAT. C noMOIUbIO 3TOli: <l>YHKUHH Bbl'IHCJUIIOT HaKoIUieHHblH .uoxo.u (CYMMY IUiaTexeH: no npouemaM) no 3aHMY, KOTOpbIH noramaeTCH paBHblMH qacTHMH B KOHUe HJIH Haqa.rre Kax,llOro pacqeTttoro nepHo.n;a, Me)l{)ly ABYMH nep1m,n;aMH BhlIUiaT. CHHTaKcHc OBIIIJIJIAT(cTaBKa;KoJI_nep;tt3;ttaq_nepHo.n;;KoH_nepHo.u;THn). 3aiJa11a. 3aeM no.n HC.IJ;BH)l(HMOCTb c,neJiaH Ha CJIC.nyIOIUHX YCJIOBHHX: npoU:CHTHaH CTaBKa 9 % ro.noahlX; cpoK 30 neT, paJMep ccy,nhI 125 000 p., npou:eHThl Ha'IHCJIHIOTCH exeMeCB:'IHO. HauTH CYMMY BhIJIJiaT no npou;eHTaM 3a BTOPOH ro.n H nepBhlii MCCHU: 3aHMa. Pew e H He. Onpe,neJIHM no Ta6JI. 12.3 06111ee 'IHCJIO BhIJIJiaT H npou;eHTHYIO CTaBKY 3a nepHO.IJ; COOTBCTCTBCHHO 30. 12 H 9 %/12. BTOpoii: ro.n JIJiaTe)l(Cii: - 3TO paC'ICTHhlii nepHO.IJ; c 13 no 24 MCCHU:hl. 06my10 BhIJIJiaTY no npou:eHTaM 3a BTopou ro.n onpe.neJIHM no cne.nyIOmeii: <l>OPMYJIC: OBIIJ;IlJIAT(9%/12;30*12;125 000;13;24;0) =-11135,23 p. BhIJIJiaTY no npou;eHTaM 3a nepBhlii MCCHU: COCTaBHT: OBIIJ;IlJIAT(9%/12;30*12;125 000;1;1;0) =-937,5 p. IIJIIlPOU:(9%/12;1;30*12;125 000) =-937,5 p.

177

<l»ymanm OCHIIJIAT.

c ITOMOll.l,bIO 3TOH <l>YHKUHH Bbl'IHQJullOT oc-

HOBHOH IIJiaTex (BbIIIJiaTY 3MOJDKeHHOCTH) ITO 3aHM}', KOTppbIH ITOrarnaeTCH paBHblMH qaCTHMH B KOHI.J,e HJIH HaqaJie KIDK,ll.Oro pacqeTHOro ITep110.ua B TeqeHHe Ja,n;aHHoro cpoKa. Ci.rnTaKCHC OCHIIJIAT(ttopMa;ITep110.u;KIIep;Tc;6c;THrr!). I

3aiJa11a. Pacc•nnaTb rrpH rroMOIUH <l>YHKIIHH OCHilJIAT CYMMY octtoBttoro rmaTe)l{a rro Jaii:M)' H3 Ta6JI. 12.4. p e III e H He. C}'MMa OCHOBHOro rmaTe)l{a IIO 3aHM)' (BbIIIJiaTil 3a,!l.OJI)l{eHHOCTH) paCC'IHTbIBaeTCH KaK pa3HOCTb Me)l{)zy <t>HKCHpOBaHHOH rrepHOAH'leCKOH BbrrmaToii: H rrpol.(eHTaMH rro tterrorawettttoii: 'laCTH Jaii:Ma. HarrpHMep, AJIH rrepaoro ro.u,a 3aii:Ma OCHOBHOit rmaTe)I{ COCTaBHT: 31680,16 - 11900 = 19 780,16 p. Pa3Mep octtOBHbIX BbIIIJiaT rro Jaii:My rrpH rroMOIUH <l>YHKIIHH OCHilJIAT B Excel orrpe.u,eJIHeTcH rro CJie.u,yiomHM <t>opM)'JiaM: OCHilJIAT(17%;1;3;-70 000) = -19 780,16 p. OCHnJIAT(17%;2;3;-70 000) = -23 142,78 p. OCHilJIAT(17%;3;3;-70 000) = -27 077,06 p.

<l>yHl{JUHI 0:6IIJ,I1;0X0,IJ;.

3Ta $yttKI.J,HH MCITOJih3yeTCH MH BbJqMC-

JieHHH CyMMbl OCHOBHbIX BbIIIJiaT ITO 3aHMy, KOTOPblH ITOrarnaeTCH paBHhIMH IIJiaTexaMM B KOHI.J,e IDIM Haqane KIDK,ll.oro pacqeTHoro ITepMo.ua, HJIM Me)K,ll,)' .UBYMH ITep110.uaMM. CMHTaKcMc OBI.II,llOXO,IJ.(cTaBKa;KoJI_ITep;3;ttaq_ITepMo.U;KoH_ITepMO.U, THIT).

3aiJa11a. Bhmatta ccy.u,a pa3MepoM 1000 TbIC. p. cpoKOM Ha IIIeCTb neT rro.u, 15 % ro.u,oahlx; rrpol.(eHThl tta'IHCJIHIOTCH e)l{eKBapTaJibHO. Orrpe.u,eJIHTb pa3Mep OCHOBHbIX BbIIIJiaT 3a IIHTbIH ro.u,. Pew e H He. Orrpe.u,eJIHM rro rn6n. 12.3 cTaBKY rrpouettrn Ja pac'leTHbIH rrepHOA (15 %/4) H o6mee 'IHCJIO pac'leTHbIX rrepHOAOB (6·4). IlepHOAbl c 17 IIO 20 MeCHUbl COCTaBJIHIOT IIHTbIH ro.u, rmaTe)l{eH. EcJIH ccy.u,a rroraIIIaeTCH paBHblMH rmaTe)l{aMH B KOHI.(e Ka)l{)J,Oro pac'leTHOro rrepHOAa, pa3Mep BblIIJiaTbl 3a,!J.OJI)l{eHHOCTH 3a IIHTbIH ro.u, orrpe.u,eJIHM CJie.u,yiomHM o6pa30M: OEI.I.I,lJ;OXO.IJ;( 15%/4;6*4;1000; 17 ;20;0) = -20 l ,43 p.

Onpe,ll,e.Jieuae cKopocTH o6opOTa

HHBecT~

B Excel MMelOTCH <l>YHKI.J,MH, II03BOJIHIOll.l,Me paccqMTaTh: • BttyTpeHHIOIO CKOpOCTb o6opoTa MH pH,ua ITOCJie.UOBaTeJibHbIX ITepMO,uHqeCKMX ITOCTYIIJieHHH H BbIIIJiaT ITepeMeHHOH BeJIJiq}lffbl -

<l>YHK-

l.l,HH BH,IJ.OX; • BttyTpeHHIOIO CKOPOCTb o6opoTa MH pH,ua HeperyJIHpHbIX IIOC'fYilJieHMH M BbIIIJiaT ITepeMeHHOH BeJIJiqHHbl -

<l>YHKUHH qwcTBH,IJ.OX;

• BttyTpeHHIOlO CKOpOCTb o6opoTa MH pH,ua rrepMO,l(JiqeCKMX rroCTYIIJieHMH M BbIIIJiaT ITepeMeHHOH BeJIJiqMHbl c yqeTOM .uoxo.ua OT peMHBeCTMpoBaHHH -

178

<t>YHKUHH MBC,IJ..

c rroMorn;bio <l>YHKI.J;H:H BHLl,OX H q11cTBHJJ:OX BbNHcID110T HTepaTHBHbIM MeTo.LJ;oM HOPMY .LJ;HCKOHTHpoBaHIDI Ta51 TeKYlllM CTOHMOCTb

l-ta51 HOpMa ,LJ;OXO,LJ;a

(NPV)

rrpH KOTopo:H qHc-

paBHa H)'JllO. ECJIH H3BeCTHa pbIHoq-

TO Bbl'IHCJieHHOe 3HaqeHHe

R MO)KHO HCIIOJib30-

BaTb .llllil oueHKH ueJiecoo6pa3HOCTH rrpHH51TIDI Toro HJIH HHOfO rrpoeKTa BJioxeHIDI cpe.LJ;CTB. IlpoeKT rrpnHHMaeTc51, ecJIH raeTc51, ecJin

R < k.

R > k,

n OTBep-

OcHoBaHHeM .llllil rrpHH51TIDI perneHIDI 5IBID1eTCH TO, qTo rrpH

O)KH,ll;aeMbIX ,LJ;OXO,LJ;OB OT rrpoeKTa OKa3bIBaeTC51 He,LJ;OCTaToqHo ,LJ;.JUI IIOKpbITH51 Bcex <t>nHaHCOBbIX IIJiaTexe:H, T.e. rrpoeKT 3KOHOMHqecKH HeueJiecoo6pa3eH. CooTBeTCTBeHHO rrpH

R > k HHBecTop 3a cqeT .LJ;OXO.LJ;OB

OT rrpoeKTa CMOXeT He TOJlbKO BbIIIOJIHHTb Bee <l>HHaHCOBbie 06513aTeJibCTBa, HO " IIOJIY'iHTb ,LJ;OIIOJIHHTeJibH)'10 rrpH6bIJib. QqeBH,LJ;HO, qTo TaKOH rrpoeKT 3KOHOMffqeCKH ueJiecoo6pa3eH, n ero cJie.LJ;yeT rrpHH51Th.

<l>ymmeJr BH.IJ:OX.

C IIOMOIUblO 3TOH <i>YHKI.J;HH BblqHCIDllOT BttyT-

peHHIOIO cKopocTh o6oporn HHBeCTHUHH (BJIYTPeHHIOIO HOPMY .LJ;OXO.LJ;HOCTH) .llllil p51,ll;a rrepeMeHHbIX rrepHO,LJ;ffqeCKHX BbIIIJiaT "

IIOCTYIIJle-

HHH. 3HaqeHne o6opoTa HHBeCTHUHH HaxOMT H3 <t>opMyJibl JJJI51

0 =

f, i=I

r.LJ;e

(12.10)

NPV = 0:

value;;'

qHCJIO BbIIIJiaT H IIOCTYIIJleHn:H;

rrocTYIIJleHH:H;

R-

(12.54)

(1 + R) value; -

3HaqeHH51 BbIIIJiaT H

BJIYTPeHHH51 cKopocTb o6oporn.

CHHTaKCHC BHLl,OX(3HaqeHIDI, rrpe,LJ;rroJioxeHne). HaqHHM co 3HaqeHIDI rrpe.LJ;rroJioxeHHe, <l>YHKI.J;IDI BHLl,OX BhIrroJIH51eT UHKJIH'IeCKHe BblqHCJieHIDI ,LJ;O IIOJIY'ieHIDI pe3yJibTaTa c ToqHOCTblO

0,00001 %.

ECJIH TaKOH pe3yJihTaT He IIOJIY'ieH IIOCJie

IIO-

IlbITOK, B03BpamaeTC51 3HaqeHHe oum6KH #qMCJIO!. B 6oJibIIIHHCTBe CJIY'iaeB HeT Heo6xo.LJ;HMOCTH 3a.LJ;aBaTb apryMeHT rrpe.LJ;IIOJIO)KeHHe .llllil BbJqHCJieHHH c IIOMOIUblO <l>YHKI.J;HH BH,lI;OX. Ilo yMoJiqaHHIO apryMeHT rrpe.LJ;rroJioxeHHe rrpHHHMaeTC51 paBHhIM

(10 %).

0.1

EcJIH BHLl,OX BhmaeT 3HaqeHne ornH6KH #qMCJIO! HJIH ecJIH

IlOJiyqeHHbIH pe3yJibTaT ,LJ;aJieK OT O)KH,ll;aeMoro, MO)l(HO IIOIIbITaTbC51 BhIIIOJIHHTh BhNHCJieHIDI eme pa3 c .LJ;PYfHM 3HaqeHHeM apryMema rrpe.LJ;rroJioxeHHe. <l>yttKI.J;HH Hil3 H BHLl,OX B3aHMOCB513aHbI: .llllil O.LJ;HHaKOBbIX 3HaqeHHH BhIIIJiaT n

IIOCTYIIJleHHH, HaXOMIUHXCH B 51qe:HKax B

Hil3(BHLl,OX(Bl: B6);Bl: B6)

1: B6,

= 0.

3aiJa11a. 3aTpaTbI no npoeKTY 500 MJIH p. O:>KHJJ:aeMbie .uoxo.UhI B Te'lettne nocne.uyrorn:nx qeTbipex JieT COOTBeTCTBeHHO 50, 100, 300 H 200 MJIH p. OueHHTb 3KOHOMH'leCKYJO uenecoo6pa3HOCTb npoeKTa no CKOpOCTH o6opoTa HHBeCTHUHH, eCJIH pbJHOqHrui: HOpMa .uoxo.ua 12 %.

179

400

300 200

200

ci.

i:i:i

:a -200 ts

J路tt;;it

100

<:,)

. .l

fOJJ;hl

i::t:

-400 -600

-500 Puc. 12.10. CxeMa o6opOTa HHBecnn.i;uu

Pe III e H He. IIycTL H'Ieihrn Al : AS co.nepxaT 3HaqeHIDI -500, 50, 100, 300, 200. BttyTpeHIUUI cKopoCTb o6opOTa HHBeCTHU:HH orrpe.neIDieTcH cne.nyIOI.UHM o6pa3oM: BH,IJ;OX(Al :AS)= 9,25 %, qTO MeHbIIIe, qeM pbIHoqHaH HOpMa, T. e. rrpoeKT .D;OJl)l{eH 6bITh orneprnyr. fpa<t>uqecKaH HHTeprrpeTaU:IDI .n;aHHOH 3a,naqu rrpe,ncTaBJieHa Ha puc. 12.10.

3aiJa'la. 0)1{H.!l;aeMLie .noxo.n;hI no rrpoeKTY B TeqeHHe rrocJie.nyIOmHX qeTbIpex JieT COOTBeTCTBeHHO 50 000, 100 000, 300 000 H 200 000 p. Orrpe,neJIHTh, KaKHM .!l;OJl)l{Hbl 6bITb rrepBOHaqaJibHhie 3aTpaThl, qTo6hI o6ecrreqHTh CKOpOCTb o6opOTa 10 %. Pe III e Hue. TaK KaK B Excel OTCYTCTByeT cooTBeTCTBYJOI.UaH <t>uHaHCOBaH <l>YHKUIDI, .D;IDI peIIIeHIDI 3a,naqu ucrroJih3yeM arrrrapaT rro.n6opa rrapaMeTpa, Bhl3hIBaeMbIH KOMaH.D;OH MeHIO Cep6UC, IloiJ6op napaMempa. IlycTL H'IeHKH A2: A5 co.nepxaT 3HaqeHIDI 50 000, 100 000, 300 000, 200 000. IloMecTHM B H'IeHKY Al rrpe.nrronaraeMoe 3HaqeHHe JaTpaT -300 000. B .!l'IeHKY Bl sse.n;eM <t>YHKUHIO =BH,IJ;OX(Al:A5). YcTaHOBHB Kypcop B .!l'IeHKY Bl, BhI6epeM B MeHIO Excel KOMatt.ny Cep6uc, IloiJ6op napaMempa u 3aIIOJIHHM rroHBHBIIIeecH .nuanoroBoe oKHo. B pe3yJibTaTe s gqeifKe Al rronyquM 3HaqeHHe 3aTpaT no rrpoeKTY: Al = 489 339 p. ~ qffCTBH,LJ:OX. 3Ta cPYHKUIDI o6ecrreqHBaeT Bbl'IHCJieHHe BHYfPeHHe:U CKOPOCTH o6opoTa ,llJUI pH,!1;a Heperymi:pHbIX IIOCT}'IIJieHHH H BhIIIJiaT rrepeMeHHo:U BeJiffqHHhI. Bhl'IHCJieHIDI rrpoH3BO,UHTCH no cJ;>opM)'Jie

=~ 拢... i=I

value; do-d1 '

(12.55)

(1 + R)365

r.n;e n - qffCJIO BbIIIJiaT H IIOCTYIIJieHH:U; d; - .n;aTa i-ii onepan;HH; do .n;arn lfYJieBo:U orrepau;HH (HaqanhHaH ,n;aTa); value; - CYMMa i-:U orrepaU:HH; R - BHYfPeHHHH cKopocTh o6opOTa. CHHTaKcHc q11cTBH,ll:OX({cYMMaO;cYMMal; ... ;cYMMaN},{.n;arnl;.n;aTa2; ... ;.n;aTaN} ,npe.n;rr). MeTo,n; BhNHCJieHIDI no 3TOH cPYHKUHH TOT xe, qro H no cPYHKUHH

BH,UOX.

180

<l>yHKI.J;HH q11cTBH,llOX H q11cTH3 B3aHMOCBR3aHbl: T.e. ,ll)IR O.UHHaKOBbIX 3Ha'leHHH IIOCTYIIJieHHH (BbIIIJiaT) H .uaT q11cTH3 (qlfCTBH,n:OX( ... ), ... ) 0.

3aiJtl'la. PaccMOTPHM rrpHMep HCIIOJib30BaHHR <t>y1uai;HH ql1CTH3. IlycTb Heo6XO,ll;HMO orrpe.neJIHTb, rrpH KaKHX pbIHOqHbIX ycJIOBHRX rrpoeKT 6y.neT 3KOHOMH'leCKH u;e11ecoo6paJeH. Pe III e H He. PaccqHTaeM BffYTPeHHIOIO cKopocTb o6opOTa. CTaBira .noxo.na, COOTBeTCTBYIOIUruJ. ttyJieBOH NPV, COCTaBHT ql1CTBH.[(OX(A2:E2,Al:El) = = 37 ,49 %, T. e. rrpoeKT HMeeT CMbICJI, eCJIH pbrnoqHrui. HOpMa .noxo.na MeHbllle 37.49 %.

Cl>yuKmm MBC)J;. 3Ta <l>YHKI.J;HR B03BpamaeT Mo,umpHI]Hpoaamzyro BHYfPeHHIOIO CKOpOCTb o6opoTa cpe.ucm Jl:JIR pR,ua nepeMeHHbIX nepH0,UH'leCKHX IIOCTYIIJleHHH H BbIIIJiaT. IlpH 3TOM yqHTbIBaIOT CTOHMOCTb HHBeCTHl]HH H .uoxo.u, IIOJiyqaeMblH OT peHHBeCTHpOBaHHR. <l>OPMYJia JJ:JIR Bbl'IHCJieHHR <l>YHKI.J;HH MBC,ll HMeeT BHJJ:

value!' -I ( i=L 1 + r value["; i=t (1 + J) n

)i (1 + r )n-1 (1 + f)

l -l

-1,

(12.56)

r.ue n - o6mee 'IHCJIO BblIIJiaT H IIOCTYIIJleHHH; valuef - IIOJIO:xrn:TeJibHbie 3Ha'leHHR (IIOCTYIIJleHHR); value'{'- OTpHl]aTeJibHbie 3Ha'leHHR (BbIIIJiaTbl); r - HOpMa npH6bIJIH, BbIIIJia'IHBaeMOH 3a .ueHbrH, HaxoMIIJ;HeCR B o6opoTe; f - HopMa npH6bIJIH, noJiyqaeMoH: 3a ,ueHbrH B o6opore npH peHHBeCTHpoaaHHH. CHHTaKcHc MBC,ll ( 3Ha11eHHR;qmHaHCOBaR_ HopMa;peHHBecT_HopMa). ApryMeHT <l>YHKI.J;HH .UOJDKeH co.uepxaTb 110 KpaH:HeH Mepe O.UHO IIOJIO:xrn:TeJibHOe H O,UHO OTpHl]aTeJibHOe 3Ha'leHHe Jl:JIR Toro, 11T06bI MO)l(HO 6bIJIO Bbl'IHCJIHTb MO.UH<l>HllHPOBaHHYJO BHYfPeHHIOIO CKOpOCTb o6opoTa. B npoTHBHOM cJiyqae <l>YHKllHR MBC,ll B03BpamaeT 3Ha11eHHe oum6KH #,llEJI/O!.

3aiJa'ta. Ccy.na B paJMepe 1 MJIP.ll: p., B3HTruJ. rro.n 10 % ro.noBbIX ,ll;JIH <l>HHaHcHpoBaHHR rrpoeKTa Ha IIHTb JieT, rrpHHeCJia rrpH6bmb COOTBeTCTBeHHO 100, 270, 450, 340 H 300 MJIH p. 3TH .neHbrH 6bmH peHHBeCTHPOBaHbl rro.n 12 % ro.noBbIX. HaH:TH MO.ll:H<l>Hu;HpoBaHHYIO BttyTpeHHIOIO cKopocTb o6oporn HHBeCTHIJ;HH. Pewenue. IIycTb Ha pafioqeM JIHCTe 3aeM BBe.neH KaK -1000 B HqeH:KY B 1, a B H'leHKH B2: B6 BBe.neHbI 3HaqeHHR npH6blJIH 3a KIDK,Ll;bIH ro.n. Tor.na MO,ll;H<l>Hu;HpoBaHHYIO BttyTpeHHIOIO CKOpOCTb o6opoTa 3a IIHTb JieT MOXHO HaHTH no cJie.nYIOmeH: <t>opMyJie: MBC.[((Bl:B6;10%;12%) = 12,25 %.

181

OuenKa aclJclJeKTHBHOCTH HHBCCTHUHH OCHOBe npHMCHCHHH Ta6JIHUhl DO,Zl.CTaHOBKH IlpH oueHKe H amUIH3e BapHaHTOB HHBeCTHUHH qacTo Tpe6yeTCR TIOJiyqHTb KOHeqHbie pe3yJibTaTbI TIPH pa3JIHqHhIX Ha6opax HCXOJJ:HbIX ,naHHhIX. 0.n;HHM HJ .nocTOHHCTB Excel RBJIReTCR B03MO)l(}{OCTh 6hICTporo pellieHHR Tio.n;o6HhIX Ja,naq H aeToMaTHqecKoro Tiepecqern peJyJihTaTOB TIPH H3MeHeHHH HCXO.D:HhIX .n;aHHhIX. HaTipHMep, MO)l(HO TIOCTpOHTb $HHaHCOBYJO MO,neJib .D:JIR paJJIHqHhIX 3HaqeHHH TipoueHTHhIX CTaBOK H TiepHO.n;HqeCKHX BbIIIJiaT H BbI6paTb OTITHMaJihHOe pellieHHe. ,ll;nR pellieHHR Tio,no6HhIX Ja,naq B Excel cnyxHT Ta6nHua, co.nep)l(alllaR pe3yJihTaThI, TionyqeHHhre TIPH Tio;:i;cTaHOBKe pa3JIHqHhIX 3HaqeHHH B pacqeTHYJO <t>opMyJiy. IlpHHUHTI pellieHHR COCTOHT B cne,nyIOmeM. BoJMO)l(}{bie HCXO.D:Hhre 3HaqeHHR o.n;Horo HJIH ,neyx apryMeHTOB $yHKUHH Tipe.n;CTaBJIRIOT B BH.n;e CTIHCKa HJIH Ta6JIHUhI. IlpH HCTIOJih30BaHHH O.D:HOro apryMeHTa CTIHCOK HCXOJJ:HbIX 3HaqeHHH 3a,naeTCR B BH.n;e CTpOKH HJIH cTon6ua Ta6JIHUhI. Excel TIOJJ:CTaBJIReT 3TH 3HaqeHHR B <t>opMYJIY ($yHKUHIO), 3a,naHHyio TIOJib30BaTeJieM, a 3aTeM BbICTpaHBaeT pe3yJihTaTbI TaKXe COOTBeTCTBeHHO B CTpOKY HJIH CTOJI6eu. IlpH HCTIOJib30BaHHH Ta6JIHUhI c .D:BYMR TiepeMeHHhIMH 3HaqeHHRMH OJJ:HO H3 HHX paCTIOJiaraeTCR B CTOJI6ue, ,npyroe -

B CTpOKe; pe-

3YJibTaT BhrqHCJieHHH TIOJiyqaIOT Ha TiepeceqeHHH CTOJI6ua H CTpOKH.

Ta6/lUU,a noacmaH06KU H3 MeHIO J(aHHbte .D:JIR OJJ:HOH TiepeMeHHOH, KOTOpaR co.nep-

TaKHM o6pa30M, KOMaH.n;a TI03BOJIReT C03JJ:aTb Ta6JIHuy

)l(HT pe3yJibTaTbI pacqern TIO O.D:HOH HJIH HeCKOJlhKHM <l>OPMYJiaM, H Ta6JIHuy

.D:JIR .nsyx TiepeMeHHhIX, co.nep)l(alllYIO pacqeThI MR O.D:HOH

$OPMYJibI.

IIocTPoeHHe Ta6JIHUbl no,ZJ.cTanoeKH AJlll O.IJ.HOii nepeMeHHoii. HaTipHMep, Tpe6yeTCR oTipe,neJIHTh, KaKHe e)l(eMecRqHhre BhIIIJiaThI Heo6xoJJ:HMO BHOCHTb TIO ccy,ne pa3MepoM 200 MJIH p., BhIJJ:aHHOH Ha TpH ro.n;a, TIPH pa3tthIX TipoueHTHhIX cTaBKax. ,ll;JIR perneHHR 3a,naqH uenecoo6pa3HO BOCTIOJib30BaTbCR Ta6JIHUe:H TIOJJ:CTaHOBKH, Tipe.neapHTeJibHO rro.nroTOBHB HCXO.D:Hbie .n;aHHbie Ha pa6oqeM JIHCTe Excel, KaK TIOKaJaHo Ha pHc. 12.11. 3aTIOJIHeHHe Ta6JIHI..J;bI BbIIIOJIHReTCR B CJie.nyIOmeM TIOpR,nKe:

~ BBeCTH B gqe:HKY D7 <l>OPMYJIY .D:JIR pacqern TiepHOJJ:ffqeCKHX TIOCTORHHhIX BhIIIJiaT TIO 3aHMY rrpH ycJIOBHH, qTo OH TIOJIHOCTbIO TIOralliaeTCR B TeqettHe cpoKa 3a:HMa: =I1IlJIAT(C4/12;C3*12;C2); ~

Bhr,neJIHTb ,nHaTia30H gqeeK, co.nep)l(alllHX HCXOJJ:Hbie 3HaqeHHR

TipouettTHhrx crnaoK -

crnn6eu C8: C13 (coorneTCTBetttto peJyJihTa-

ThI TIO.D:CTaHOBKH 6y.nyT pacTionaraTucR B cTon6ue D8: D13) H <t>opMyJIY MR pacqern D7: 013.

~ KOMaH.n;OH

Ta6!lUU,a noacmaH06KU

H3 MeHIO

J(aHHble

OTKpbITb CO-

OTBeTCTBYJOlllee JJ:HaJIOfOBOe OKHO (pHC. 12.12). 3To OKHO HCIIOJih3yeTC.SI

.D:JIR 3a,naHHR pa6oqe:H _gqe:HKH, Ha KOTOPYJO CCbmaeTC.SI <l>OPMYJia

182

=nnnAT(C4/12;C3*12;C2)

200000

CyMMa 3al1Ma CpoK (11er) CrasKa

3 8 ,ยง0% CraBKH _

.~YMMa 11

8,75%.

n11are>Ka -6313,51p J! ..

9% 9,25% 9,50% 9,75% 10% PHc.

12.11.

Ilo,!1.roTOBKa HCXO,ll.HhIX ,ll.aHHhIX K HCfiOJlh30BaHHIO B

Ta6JIHI..t:e

nO,ll.CTaHOBKH

PHc.

12.12. .ll,Hanorosoe oKHo

KOMaH,ll.bl

Ta611uu,a noacmaHOBKU

pacqeTa. B HaweM rrp11Mepe 3TO H'!di:Ka C4, KOTopyio Heo6xo.uuMo YKa3aTb B IIOJie IloiJcma6/LJlmb 3HaiteHWl no cmpOICaM B a6COJIIOTHbIX KOOp,UHHaTax. EcJIH HCXO.UHbie .uaHHbie pacrroJIO)l{eHbl B crpoKe, CCbIJIKY Ha pa6oqyio Hqeii:KY Heo6xo,nHMO ssecTH B rroJie Iloocma61LJ1mb 3Ha-

11eHW1 no cmoA6u,aM;

==> Ha)l{aB KHOIIKY [OK], IIOJiyqHTb CTOJI6eu; pe3yJibTaTOB , (pHC. 12.13). 06paTHM BHHMaHHe, qro rronyqeHHbie rrepuo,nuqecKHe BhIIIJiaTbI orpuu;aTeJibHbie, TaK KaK C)'MMa Jaii:Ma B <l>YHKllHH IIIIJIAT 6bma BBe,UeHa KaK IIOJIO)l{l{TeJihHaM. EcJIH B Ta6Jittey rro,ncTaHOBKH rpe6yeTcH ssecTH .uorroJIHHTeJILHO <l>OPMYJibI ,UJIH BhJqHcJieHHH rrpou;eHTHhIX CTaBOK, TO HX pacrroJiaraIOT crrpasa OT BBe,UeHHOH pattee <l>OPMYJibl B TOH )Ke crpoKe, a 3aTeM BhI,UeJIHIOT BCIO Ta6JIHI.J;y, BKJIIOqaM rronyqeHHbie 3HaqeHHH, H 3aIIOJIHHIOT .uuanorosoe oKHo Ta6Auu,a noiJcmaHOBKU. B .uaHHOM rrpHMepe np11 pacqere IIJiaTexe:H rro rrpou;eHTaM Ja nepBLIH nep110.u ,UJIH Ka)l{,Uoro JHaqeHHH npou;eHTHoii: cTaBKH B H'leii:KY E7 Heo6XO.UHMO BBeCTH <l>OPMYJIY =IlJIIIPOU,(C4/12; 1;C3*12;C2) H TIOBTOPHTh see .ueii:cTBHH, orrucaHHLie pattee. PeJyJILTaTLI TaKoro pacqeTa rrpHBe,UeHbl HapHC. 12.14. Ilpu pacqeTe BhIIIJiaT no npou;eHTaM ,UJIH ocTaJILHLIX rrep110.uos (co 2-ro no 36-:H) Heo6XO,UHMO TIO,UCTaBHTh <l>OPMYJibl B Hqeii:KH, CJie.uyIOlllHe cnpasa Ja H'!e:HKo:H, JanOJIHeHHOH paHee. 183

F16

PHc.

12.13. Pe3yJibTaT pac<IeTa e)l{eMeCH<IHbIX BbIIlJlaT no JaHMY npH pa3HbIX npou:eHTHbIX CTaBKax G6

c C_yMMa 3ai1Ma CpoK (neTl CTaBKa

200000, 3, 850%T

-=- ~~--~- -

' 1

I CTaBKH

nnaTe>KH no I 05lJ.1aR cyMMa nnaTe>Ka npo4eHTaM 3a 1 I MeCR4

8,75% , 9% 9,25% 9,50%1 9,75% 1 10%

-6313_.~ _-1416,67p -6336 ,701444 -1458 ,333333 :6359 ,946532 - - - - -1500 -6383 ,242712;- ::fยง_4_1_.E>~ยงEil -6406 ,589948 -1583 ,333333 -6429 ,988203 t -1625 -6453 .437-::{39J -1666 &66667 I

PHc. 12.14. Pe3yJibTaT pacqeTa e)l{eMecsi:qHbIX BbIIlJlaT H IlJlaTe)l{eH no npou:eHTaM 3a nepBblH Mecsi:u: npH pa3HbIX npou:eHTHbIX CTaBKax IlonyqeHHruI Ta6Jmua aaToMaTWiecKH nepecqJITbIBaeTcH npH H3MeHeHHH CYMMhl H cpoKa 33.HMa, T. e. npH BHeceHHH H3MeHeHHH B SJqe:ffKH C2 H C3.

IlOC'l'pOeBBe Ta6mmw DO.llCTaeoao .arur .llByx nepeMellllLIX. HanpHMep, 'l'pe6yeTCH onpe.n;eJIHTb exeMecHqHbie BbIIlJlaThl no ccy.n;e pa3MepoM 300 MJIH p. npH paJJIJiqHbIX cpoKax norarneHHH H npoueHTHbIX CTaBKax. C03.D;aHHH Ta6JIHUbl IlO.ll;CTaHOBKH B 3TOM cnyqae Heo6XO,II;HMO BbIIlOJIHHTb CJieA}'IOIUHe .zi;e:HCTBHH: => BBeCTH nepaoe MHOXeCTBO HCXOJJ;HbIX 3HaqeHHH (npoueHTHbie

.nmr

CTaBKH) B CTOJI6eu, HanpHMep B HtleHKH

184

B8: Bl3;

CyMMa 3a'1Ma CpoK (ner) CraeKa

300000

3 8,50%

CpoKH noraweHHR -9 470 ,26p.1 8,75% 9% 9,25% 9,50% 9,75% 10%

PHC.

12.15. Ilo.D;roTOBKa HCXO.!l;HhlX .D;aHHbIX K

HCllOJib30BaHHIO B Ta6JIHI.J;e

110.!l;CTaHOBKH c .!l;B}'Mjl 11epeMeHHblMH

Ta6nMua

PHc. 12.16. ,ll,Ha.rroroeoe oKHo

noncTa~oBKM • -

· - · - - ..

• ..

l'J £i

noA<T<!8nRTb 3Ha4eHHil no <TQ.n6uaM a:

I$C$3

noACTaBnRTb 3Ha4ettHR no CT1l9K3M a:

... ,$-C$_4_ _....,....,

Ta6JIHUbl 110.!l;CTaHOBKH AJUI )l.Byx

11epeMeHHbIX

B CyMMa 3aHMa ICpoK (ner) CraeKa

300000

3 8,50%

CpoKH noraweHHR -9 470,2~ -l 8,75% 9% 9,25% 9,50% 9,75% 10%

PHc.

12.17.

5 -6191,17 -6227 ,51 -6263 ,97 -6300,56 -6337,27 -6374,11

10 -3759,8 -3800,27 -3840 ,98 -3881 ,93 -3923,11 -3964,52

15 -2998,35 -3042 ,8 -3087 ,58 -3132,67 -3178,09 -3223 ,82

20 -2651,13 -2699,18 -2747,6 -2796,39 -2845,55

-2895,06

PeJyJibTaT pacqern Ta6JIHUbI 110.n.cTaHOBKH c ABYMH 11epeMeHHblMH

~ BBecn1 BTopoe MHOXeCTBO HCXO,IJ;HhIX 3HaqeHHH (cpmrn rrorarnemra) B CTPOI(}', pacrronoxemzy10 BhIIIIe H rrpaeee Ha o,n;tty H'!eHKY OT Haqana nepeoro .n;HarraJoHa, T. e. B gqeff:KH C7: F7; ~ BBeCTH <t>opMyny ,IJ;JIR pacqeTa Ha nepeceqeHHH CTPOKH H CTOJI6ua, co,n;epxamu:x ,IJ;Ba MHOXeCTBa BXO,!J;HhIX 3HaqeHHH, T. e. B gqeff:KY

185

B7. Ecm1 HCXO.UHhie .uaHHhie BBe.ueHhI Ha pa6oqeM JIHCTe Excel, <t>opMyna MH pacqeTa noCTOHHHhIX nepHO,UM:qeCKHX BhITIJiaT CCY.Uhl npM noJIHOM ee norarneHHH B TeqeHHe cpoKa 3aif:Ma BhirJIH,ll;HT cne.uyioIIIHM o6pa3oM: =IlIIJIAT(C4/12;C3

* 12;C2).

Pe3yJihTaT no.uroTOBKH

Ta6JIHU:hl no.ucTaHOBKJI c .UBYMH nepeMeHHhIMH K pacqezy npe.ucTaBJieH Ha PHC. 12.15: ~ Bbl,ll;eJIHTh .UHana30H Ta6JIHU:hl .uaHHhIX, BKJ11oqaIOII1HM B ce6H BCe HCXO.UHbie 3HaqeHHH H <l>OPMYJIY pacqeTa B7: F13;

~ KOMaH,ll;OM Ta6JlUU,a noacmaH06KU H3 Memo /(aHHble omKpblmb H 3anOJIHHTh COOTBeTCTBYJOII1ee .UHaJIOfOBOe OKHO (pHC. 12.16);

~ HaJKaB KHOnKY

[OK],

nonyqHTh pe3yJihTaThl pacqern Ta6JIHU:hl

nO.UCTaHOBKH (pHC. 12.17). IlpH H3MeHeHHH CYMMhI 3aif:Ma CHCTeMa Excel aBTOMaTHqecKH nepecqHTaeT BCIO Ta6JIHu:y.

Ou,enKa 3cl>cl>eKTHBnocTH aneecTHD,Hii na ocnoee T36.1Ilmhl DO,ll,CT3HOBKH H cl>ynKll,HH HII3 <l>yttKUHH HIB npe.uHa3HaqeHa

.uIIH Haxo)K,lleHHH qHcToif: TeKYIIIeif

CTOHMOCTH noTOKa 6y.uyIIIHX noczyTIJieHHM H 3aTpaT nYTeM HX .UHCKOHTMpOBaHHH. IlpH 3TOM npe.unonaraeTCH, qTo noczyTIJieHHH H 3aTpaTbl MOfYT 6bITh nepeMeHHhIMH BeJIM:qHHaMH, KOTOp1>1e npOHCXO,ll;HT qepe3 paBHhie npoMe)K)'TKH BpeMeHH. IlonyqeHHoe 3HaqeHHe npe.ucTaBJIHeT co6oif: a6COJIIOTHhIM pe3yJihTaT HHBeCTHU:HOHHOM .ueHTeJibHOCTH. IlOCKOJihKY pacqeT qHCTOM TeKYIIIeif CTOHMOCTH CBH3aH c .UHCKOHTHPOBaHHeM, TOH Han6onee BaJKHhlM MOMeHTOM 3.UeCh HBJIHeTCH Bhl6op npou:eHTHOM CTaBKH, no KOTOpoif: npOH3BO.UHTCH .UHCKOHTHpOBaHHe. CYIIIeCTBYJOT pa3JIM:qHhie MeTO.UhI onpe.ueneHHH HopMhI .UHCKOHTHposaHHH. Il03TOMY npH ou:eHKe 3<l><l>eKTHBHOCTH KanHTaJIOBJIO)l(eHHM Ba)l(HO npoaHaJIH3HpoBaT1> BJIHHHHe pa3JIM:qHhIX npou:eHTHhIX cTaBOK Ha qHCTYIO TeKYIIIYJO CTOHMOCTh npoeKTa. B Excel TaKoif: pacqeT MO)l(HO OCYIIIeCTBHTh npH nOMOIIIH Ta6JIHU:hl no.ucTaHOBKH H <l>YHKU:HH HII3. PaccMOTpHM cne.uyIOIIIHM npHMep. Ilpe.unoJIO)l(HM, ~o B KOHU:e ro.ua KanHTaJIOBJIO)l(eHHH no npoeKT)' COCTaBHT OKOJIO 1280 MJIH p. 0)1(HJl:aeMbie 3a nocne.uyioII1He TpH ro.ua .uoxo.UhI 420, 490, 550 H 590 MJIH p. Tpe6yeTcH paccqHTaTh qJicTYIO TeKYIIIYJO CTOHMOCTh npoeKTa npH pa3JIHqHhIX HOpMax .UHCKOHTHpOBaHHH H 06'beMax KanHTaJIOBJIO)l(eHHM. Ha pa6oqeM JIHCTe Excel HCXO.UHhie .uaHHhie npe.ucrnBHM, KaK noKa3aHo Ha pMC. 12.18.

gqeif:Ke D3 YKa3aHhI npe.unonaraeMhie HaqanhHhie JaTpaThI no

npoeKT)' (1280 MJIH p.) co 3HaKOM MHttyC, nOCKOJihKY 3TOT .ueHe)l(HhIM nOTOK .UBH)l(eTCH npOTHBOnOJIO)l(HO O)l(H,ll;aeMbIM .uoxo.uaM. 3TO 3HaqeHHe He06XO.UHMO BKJIJOqJiTh B cnHCOK apryMeHTOB <l>YHKUHH HII3, TaK KaK qHcTYIO TeKYIIIYJO CTOHMOCTh paccqHThIBaIOT Ha Haqano 186

. •

•

KanHra11oe11olKeHHR, MJlH py6

HopMa AHCKOHTHpoeaHHR 13% l-1Heecrn4HR B 1 rDAY -1280 L\OXOA 3a 2 rDA 420 L\OXOA 3a 3 rOA 490 L\OXOA 3a 4 rOA 550 L\OXOA 3a 5 roA 590 II KanHra11oe11olKeHHR. MJlH 193,33p. -1250 -1270 -1290 13,00% 219,8752 202,176 184.477 13 ,80% 195 .447 177 ,872 160 ,298 15,00% 160,6053 143,214 125,823

Pwc.

12.18.

Hcxo,11,tthie ,11,atttthie

p&.__J[ -1310 •• 166,7778 142 .7229 108,4314

.LOIB orrpe,11,enemrn qwcToii TeK)'lll.eii

CTOHMOCTH rrpoeKTa

ro.n:a, a KamuanoBJio:xcemu1 no ycJIOBHIO 3a,n;aqH 6y)JJ'T ocyrn:ecTBJieHbI B KOHU:e ro.n:a.

B HqeH:Kax C9: F9 YKa3hIBaIOT paJJittqHbie HHH.

,[(Jui: pacqern qHCTOH

o6'beMbI KaTIHTaJIOBJio:xce-

TeKyrn:eH CTOHMOCTH B03bMeM npou;eHTHble

13, 13,8 H 15 %. B9 c TIOMOIIlbIO MaCTepa pacqern: = HI13(D2;D3:D7).

CTaBKH

B MH

~eHKY

,[(Jui:

<l>YHKllHH TIOMeCTHM <l>OPMYJIY

TIOCTPOeHHH Ta6JIHU:bl TIO.D:CTaHOBKH Heo6XO.D:HMO BhI.D:eJIHTb

.n:HanaJOH ~eeK

B9: F12,

B MeHIO

J(aHHble

BhI6paTb KOMaH.D:Y

Ta6Auu,a

noiJcmaH061CU H 3aTIOJIHHTb COOTBeTCTBYJOII1ee .D:HaJIOfOBOe OKHO. PeJyJihTaTbI pacqern MOXHO npe.n:cTaBHTh B BH.D:e mrnrpaMMhI, noKa3aHHOH Ha pHC.

12.19,

H3 KOTOpoH: BH.D:HO, qTo MaKCHMaJibHaH qHc-

TaH TeKyrn:aH CTOHMOCTb .ll:OCTHraeTCH npH MHHHMaJibHbIX KaTI.HTaJIOBJIO:XCeHIUIX .H M.HH.HMaJihHOH CTaBKe .D:.HCKOHTHpoBaHHH. AHan.H3HPYH

D 15,00 % • 13,80 % D 13,00 %

I I .

I I

100

200

300

qHCTasI TeKyll.\asI CTOHMOCTb rrpoeICTa, MJIH p.

Pwc.

12.19. qHCTIDI TeK)'lll.IDI

CTOHMOCTh rrpoeKTa ,11,JUI paJJittqHbIX ofrheMOB

KaIIMTaJIOBJIO)l(eHMH H rrpou;ettTHhIX CTaBOK

187

pe3yJibTaTbI pacqeTa, MO:)l{HO OTMeTIITb B HeKOTOpbIX cnyqaHX npaKTHqecKH o,rurnaKOBYJO qffCTYJO TeKYIUYJO CTOHMOCTb, HanpHMep npH KaIlHTaJIOBJIO)l(eHIDIX

1310

MJIH p. H HOpMe )J;HCKOHTHpOBaHIDI

;::i;ocTHraeTCR TO xe 3HaqeHHe

1270 MJIH p.

NPV,

13,8 %

qTo H npH HHBeCTHIIHH pa3MepoM

H CTaBKe )J;HCKOHTHPOBaHIDI

15 %.

IlpH H3MeHeHHH pa3MepoB O)l(ll,ll;aeMbIX ,ll;OXO,ll;OB, HHBeCTHIIHH H npo11eHTHhIX cTaBOK B Excel aBTOMaTHqecKH nepecqHTblBaeTCR BCR Ta611H11a. TaKHM o6pa30M, H3MeHHB cooTBeTCTBYJOIIIHe gqeifKH Ha o;::i;HOM pa6oqeM JIHCTe MO)l(HO paccqHTaTb 'lHCTYJO TeKYIUYJO CTOHMOCTb ;::i;attttoro HJIH attanorffqHOro npoeKTa.

Cl>ymaum Excel

MR p8C'le'I'8 8MO)JTll3;mtlll

B CHCTeMe Excel HMeeTcR rpynna <l>YHKIIHH ,lJ;JIR onpe;::i;eneHIDI aMopTil3aIIHH HMYllleCTBa pa3.JIWIHhIMH Mero;::i;aMH. HaH6onee HCnonb3yeMhle H3 HHX:

AMP, AMf,IJ;, MOB, ,[(OB

cqHTblBaTb aMOpTH3aIIHOHHbie • paBHOMepHhIM (<l>YHKIIIDI

TI,IJ;OB,

O~HCJieHIDI

no3BOJIRIOIIIHe pac-

CJie)J;YJOIIIHMH MeTo;::i;aMH:

AMP);

• YMeHhIIIa10111erocR ocTaTKa (<l>YHKIIIDI

MOB);

• CYMMhl qJ1ce11 (<l>YHKIIIDI AMf,IJ;); • IlOCTORHHOro yqeTa aMOpTH3aIIHH (<l>YHKIIIDI

,[(OB).

KpoMe Toro, MO)l(HO paccqHTaTb CYMMY aMopTH3aIIHOHHhIX o~Hc neHHH 3a HeCKOJibKO pacqeTHbIX nepHO,ll;OB no;::i;pR;::i; c IlOMOIIIbIO <l>YHKIIHH

TI,IJ;OB,

ecmi: ,lJ;JIR pacqern aMOpTH3aIIHOHHblX O~HCJieHHH 3a

Ka)l{)J;blH nepHO)J; HCilOJib3yeTCR MeTO,ll; YMeHb11Ia10111erocR OCTaTKa. AprYMeHTbl <l>YHKIIHH Excel ,lJ;JIR pacqeTa aMopTH3aIIHH npe;::i;cTaBneHbI B Ta6JI.

12.5. Ta61rnn;a

12.5

ApryMell'fY 4>~ Excel .z.JIJI pac'lera aMopn13aQBH 3Ha'leHHe apryMeHTa

ApryMeHT EeJ_ nepeKJIIO'leHHii:

JlornqecKoe (onpe)leJUIIOin;ee, cJie.zzyeT JUI nepeKJIIO'laTbCR Ha paBHOMepHblii: Me10)l B CJiy':lae, KOf)la aMOpTH3HpyeMaR C10HMOCTb npeBbilllaeT HaKonJieffHYIO CYMMY aMopra3an;HH)

BpeMR_aMOpTHJan;HH BpeMR_noJIH_aMopT

CpoK 3KCnJIYaTan;HH HMYin;ecma (qHcJio nepHO)lOB aMOpTH3all;HH)

BpeMR_3KCnJIYaTan;HH )l(}f3ffb Kott_nepHo)l

Kotte'!HhIH nepHO)l )lJUI Bhl'IHCJieHHR C)'MMbl HaKOilJleHHOH aMOpTHJan;HH

188

0KOH~OHUe ma611.

ApryMeHT

12.5

3HaqeHHe apryMeHra

Ko3<l><l>HUHeHT

Ko3<1><t>HUHeHT ycKopemmu aMOJITH3aUHH rro YMOJiqaHH10, paBHblii: .ll.BYM

MecHu

qHCJIO MCCHUCB B rrepBOM fO.ll.Y 3KCIIJIYaTill.(HH HaqaJihHhIH rrepHO.ll. MH Bhl'IHCJieHHH C)'MMhl

Haq_rrepHO.ll.

uaKOIIJICHHOH aMOJITHJaUHH OcraroquaH_CTOHMOCTh

OcraroquaH CTOHMOCTh HMYlllCCTBa B KOHUC cpoKa 3KCIIJIYaTaUHH

OcT_CTOHM JlHKBH,ll.HaH_CTOHMOCTh IlepHO,ll.

IlepHO,ll.,

KOTOporo 'lpe6yeTCH Bhl'IHCJIHTh

aMOJYfH3aUHIO CroHMOCTh

IlepBOuaqaJihHaH CTOHMOCTb ffMYlllCCTBa

JlHKB_ CTOHMOCTh

B KaqecTBe rrpHMepa paccMO'IJJ:HM cneJzyIOll(ylO 3a,n;aqy. Tpe6yeTcH orrpe.n;eJIHTh exero.n;Hhle aMopTH3aUHOHHbie QTqHCJieHIDI Ha o6opy.n;oBaHHe HaqaJibHOH CTOHMOCTbIO 8000 ThlC. p., eCJIH cpoK ero 3KCIIJIYaTaUHH 10 JieT, a OCTaToqmUJ: CTOHMOCTb 500 TblC. p. B Ta6n. 12.6 .n:mi: 3To:H 3a,n;aqH rrpHBe.n;eHhl pacqeThI aMOpTH3aUHOHHhIX orqHcJieHHH Ha o6opy.n;oBaHHe c IIOMOlllblO <l>YHKUHH Excel. JJ:aJiee IIPH OIIHCaHHH <l>YHKUHH 3TH pacqeTbI IIOHCIDIIOTCH. Ta6nuua

12.6

Pe:JyJlltTilTW pac11eTa e.JKero,ZU1wx BMOP'fll3BIUIOHHWX OT'lllCJiemlii ea 06opy,!1,0Blllllle c DOMOIQhlO cl>yeKIUli Excel, TWC. p. Il)J,0.6 fo.ll

AMP

AMf,ll;

,ll;0.6

6eJ rrepexo,lla

MOE

c rrepeXO,llOM Ha paBHOMCpHbIH MCTO,ll

HapaBHOMepHblii: MCTO.ll

750,00

1363,64

1936,00

1600,00

750,00

1227,27

1467,49

1280,00

2880,00

750,00

1090,91

1112,36

1024,00

3904,00

750,00

954,55

843,17

819,20

4723,20

750,00

818,18

639,12

655,36

5378,56

750,00

681,82

484,45

524,29

5902,85

750,00

545,45

367,22

419,43

6322,28

189

0KOH'taHue ma6A. 12. 6 Il)1;06 fo.a

AMP

AMf,l(

,[(06

MOB

c rrepexo.aoM Ha paBHOMepHbIH Mero.a

750,00

409,09

278,35

335,54

6714,85

6657,82

750,00

272,73

210,99

268,44

7107,43

6926,26

750,00

136,36

159,93

214,75

7500,00

7141,01

7500

7499,08

7141,01

<l>YJIKIUUI AMP.

6eJ rrepexo.aa Ha paBHOMepHbIH Mero.a

c IIOMOIIJ,b10 3TOM Q>yttKIJ;lUf BbI'UfCJUllOTCH O'fllHC-

JieHMH Ha aMopTMJau;mo HM)'lll,eCTBa Ja o;:urn pacqeTHhIM rrep1m.n: paBHoMepHhIM MeTo.n;oM.

3TOM cJiyqae aMopTMJaUHOHHhie O'fllHCJieHMH

0.ll:MHaKOBbie, a COBOKYJIHhie O'fllHCJieHMH K KOHizy IIOCJie.n;Hero pacqeTHOfO rrepMo.n:a paBHbl CTOHMOCTH aMOpTM3MpyeMoro HMyIIJ,eCTBa. CwHTaKcwc

AMP( CTOHMOCTh;JIHKBH;:IHaH_ CTOHMOCTh;BpeMH_ 3Kcn-

JiyaTaUHH). IlpH paBHOMepHOM MeTo.n:e pacqeTa 3a KruK,llbIM ro.n: aMOpTH3all;MH cocTaBHT:

AMP(8000;500; 10) =750 ThIC. p. AMf,[(. 3Ta Q>yttKIJ;MH rroJBomi:eT

paccqwTaTh aMopTMJa-

UHOHHhie O'flllfCJieHMH .n:mi: 3a.n;aHHOfO rrepwo.n:a MeTO.ll:OM CyMMbl qlfceJI, KOTOpbIM xapaKTepw3yeTCH IIOCTOHHHhIM IIOHIDKeHHeM aMOpTH3all;HOHHhIX O'flllfCJieHHM If o6ecrreqlfBaeT IIOJIHOe B03MeIIJ,eHHe aMopTlf3HpyeMOM CTOHMOCTH HMyIIJ,eCTBa. AMopTM3all;HH .n:mi: 3a.n;aHHOfO rrepwo.n:a

D _ (c-s)(T-t+1)2 I T (T + 1) ,

r.n:e

HaqaJibHaH CTOHMOCTb HM)'lll,eCTBa;

HM)'lll,ecrna; uww); t -

T -

(12.57) OCTaToqHaH CTOHMOCTb

cpoK 3KCIIJIYaTaUHH (qwcJio rrepwo.n:oB aMopTHJa-

rrepwo.n:, Ha KOTOpbIM Tpe6yeTCH BblqlfCJIHTb aMOpTH3au;mo.

CHHTaKCHC

AMfJl( CTOHMOCTh;JIHKBH;:IHaH _ CTOHMOCTh;)IGl3Hh;rre-

pMo.n:). AMopTMJaUMH Ja rrepBhIM H TpeTHM ro.n;hI 3KCIIJiyaTau;ww cooTBeTCTBeHHO COCTaBHT:

AMf)l(8000;500; 1O;1) = 1363,64 TbIC. p.; AMf)l(8000;500; 10;3) = 1090,91 TbIC. p. <l>YJIKIUUI ,[(0.6. C IIOMOIIJ,b10 Q>yttKIJ;HH )lQJ) BbJqlfCJUllOTCH O'fllHCJieHMH Ha aMOpTH3all;H10 HM)'lll,eCTBa .n:mi: 3a.n;aHHOfO rrepwo.n:a c HCIIOJib30BaHHeM MeTo.n:a IIOCTOHHHOfO yqeTa. <l>HKCHpOBaHHaH HOpMa aMOPTH3all;Hlf

(12.58) 190

C)'MMa aMopnna1.1;in1 3a nepBbIH nepno.u 3KCIIJiyaTaUHH

m D1 = cH 12 ,

(12.59)

r.ue m - qncJIO MeCHUeB B nepBOM ro.uy aMopTH3aUHH. C)'MMa aMopTH3aUHH 3a nocJie.UHHH nepno.u 3KCIIJIYaTaUHH 12-m

Dr= (c-a)H 12'

(12.60)

r.ue a - HaKOIIJieHHaH C)'MMa aMOpTH3aUHH 3a npe,UbI.uyIUHe nepHO,Ubl. C)'MMa aMopTH3aUHH ,UJIH ocTaJihHhIX nepwo,aoB 3KCIIJIYaTaUHH

Dr= (c-a)H.

(12.61)

CnHTaKCHC Ll:OB(cTOHMOCTh;ocTaTOqHaH_CTOHMOCTh;BpeMH_3KCIIJIYaTauww;nepwo,a;MecHu). C)'MMhI aMopTH3aunw 3a nepBbIH, TpeTHH H nocJie.UHHH ro,abI 3KCIIJIYaTaUHH COOTBeTCTBeHHO COCTaBHT: Ll:0.5(8000;500;10;1)= 1936 TbIC. p.; Ll:0.5(8000;500;10;3) = 1112,36 TbIC. p.; Ll:0.5(8000;500;10;10) = 159,93 TbIC. p. <llyioo:nul MOB. 3'.ra <l>YHKUHH II03BOAAeT paccqHTaTh CYMMY aMopTH3aUHH ,UJIH 3a,UaHHOfO nepwo.ua t MeTO,UOM )'MeHbIIIaIOIUerocH ocTaTKa (npH 3TOM MO)l{}{O 3a,UaTb K03<t><t>wuneHT ycKopeHHOH aMOpTH3aUHH k TIO )'MO.JlllaHHIO paBHbIH ,UB)'M):

D _ 2(c-a)k rT .

(12.62)

CwHTaKcwc MOE(CTOHMOCTh;ocTaToqHaH_ CTOHMOcTh;BpeMH_3KcIIJIYaTaUHH;nepwo.u;Ko3<t><l>wuneHT). AMopTH3aUHOHHhie ONHCJieHHH npw ncnoJib30BaHHH ,UJIH pacqeTa MeTO,Ua .UBYKPaTHOfO yqeTa aMOpTH3aUHH (T. e. Kor.ua apf)'MeHT K03$<t>wuHeHT k= 2) IIOCTOHHHO )'MeHbIIIaIOTCH Ha npornxeHHH cpoKa 3KCIIJIYaTaUHH, HOB C)'MMe OHH IIOJIHOCTbIO He B03MeIUaIOT CTOHMOCTb HMYIUeCTBa. CYMMbI aMopTH3aUHH 3a nepBbIH H TpeTHH ro,ahI 3KCIIJIYaTaUHH rrpH pacqeTe MeTO)],OM .UBYKPaTHOfO yqeTa COOTBeTCTBeHHO COCTaBHT: M0.5(8000;500;10;1) = 1600 TbIC. p.; M0.5(8000;500;10;3) = 1024 TbIC. p. <l>y111rn,11J1 II,11;06. 3Ta <l>YHKUHH II03BOJIHeT HaxO,UHTb HaKOIIJieHHYIO 3a HeCKOJihKO nepno,aoB CYMMY aMopTH3aUHOHHhIX ONHCJieHHH. IlpH 3TOM ,UJIH pacqeTa aMOpTH3aUHH 3a Ka.:.>KJJ;blH nepwo.u HCIIOJib3yeTCH MeTO,U )'MeHhIIIaIOIUerocH OCTaTKa c npHMeHeHHeM .UBYKpaTHOfO 191

IDUI KaKoro-m-160 ,D;pyroro yqern (cM. om1cam-1e <PYHKUHH M0.6). Mo:xrno TaIOKe Ja,n;aBaTh rrepexo,D; Ha paBHOMepHbIH MeTOA pacqeTa aMOPTH3all;HH, eCJIH CTOHMOCTb aMOPTH3HpyeMoro HMYiu;eCTBa BOJMemaeTCH He IIOJIHOCTblO IIPH HCIIOJlbJOBaHHH MeTO,ll;a CHIDKa10merocH OCTaTKa. CHHTaKCHC II.LJ:0.6(11HKB_CTOHMOcTb;ocT_cToHM;BpeMH_rro11H_ aMOpT;Haq_ rrepHO,ll;;KoH_ rrepHOA;Ko3<P<PHu;HeHT;6e3_ IIepeKJIIOqeHHH). Ec11H He Ja,n;aBaTu apryMeHThI Ko3<P<PHu;HeHT H 6eJ_rrepeKJ110qeHHH, IIPH pacqeTe aMOPTHJall;HH MO:xrno HCIIOJlb30BaTb MeTO,ll; ABYKpaTHOro yqern c rrepeXO,ll;OM Ha paBHOMepHbIH. qT06bI rrepexo,D; Ha paBHOMepHbIH MeTO,ll; He ocymecTBJIHJICH, apryMeHT 6eJ_rrepeKJ110qeHHH tty:xrnO rrpHHHTb paBHbIM e,D;HHHI..l;e H Ja,ll;aTb apryMeHT K03<P<PHI..l;HeHT. CYMMbI aMopTHJau;HOHHhIX o~HcJieHHH, paccqHTaHHbie c rroMoIu;hIO <PYHKUHH AMP c rrepexo,D;oM H 6eJ rrepexo,D;a Ha paBHOMepHbIH MeTO,ll; HX yqeTa K KOHI..l;y cpoKa aMOpTHJall;HH COOTBeTCTBeHHO COCTaBHT'. II.LJ:0.6(8000;500; 10;0; 10) = 7500 TbIC. p.; Il.LJ:0.6(8000;500;10;0;10;2;1) =7141 TbIC. p., T. e. B rrepBOM CJiyqae rrpOHCXO,ll;HT IIOJIHOe BOJMemeHHe aMOpTH3all;HOHHOH CTOHMOCTH HMYiu;eCTBa, a BO BTOPOM - CYMMa aMOpTHJau;H OHHbIX O~HCJieHHH K KOHI..l;y cpoKa 3KCIIJIYaTau;HH MeHbllle aMOpTHJaI..l;HOHHOH CTOHMOCTH HMYiu;eCTBa. KOHTpOnbHble eonpOCbl

KaKOBa IIOCJIC.UOBaTeJibHOCTb .ueHCTBHH rrpH pactieTe c rrpHMeHeHHeM

MaCTepa <l>YHKUHH? 2. KaKoBO Ha3Ha'IeHHe .UHaJIOffiBblX OKOH, IIOKa3aHHbIX Ha PHC. 12.2 H 12.3? 3. Ha KaKHe .UBe KaTeropHH .ueJU1TCH MeTO.llbI <l>ttuaucoBOH MaTeMaTHKH?

IloHCHHTe CJIC.llYJOll.l,He IIOHHTHH, rrpHMCHHCMbie B <i>HHaHCOBbIX MCTO-

.uax pactieTa: rrpou:euT, rrpou:eHTHaH CTaBKa, rrepHO,ll; Ha'IHCJICHHH, KaIIHTaJIH3aU:HH rrpou:eHTOB, uapameuHe, .UHCKOHTHPOBaHHe.

KaKOBbl Cyll.l,HOCTb H Ha3Ha'IeHHe <l>HttaHCOBblX pacqeroB c npHMeHeHH-

eM MeTO.llOB no.u6opa napaMeTpoB?

OnHIIIHTe nocJie.uoBaTeJibHOCTb Bbl'IHCJieHHH c npHMeueuHeM MeTO.UOB

rro.u6opa rrapaMeTpoB.

7. 8.

)J.aHTe onpe.n:eJieHHH TepMHHaM «cu:euapHH» H «cu:euapHbIH IIO.UXO.[(». KaKoBa nocJie.uoBaTeJibHOCTb .ueli:cTBHH .llJIH pa3pa6oTKH cu:euapHH?

9. )].JUI KaKHX 3a.[(a'I <l>HttaHCOBOro aHaJIH3a npHMeHHIOT Ta6JIHU:bl

IIO.llCTa-

HOBKH?

10.

KaKoBa rrocJie.uoBaTeJibHOCTh .ueHCTBHH rrpH C03.UaHHH Ta6JIHU:hl rro.u-

CTaHOBKH .llJUI 0.[(HOH nepeMeHHOH? 11. KaKOBa IIOCJIC.llOBaTeJibHOCTb .ueHCTBHH rrpH C03.[(aHHH Ta6JIHU:bl no.uCTaHOBKH .llJUI .UByx rrepeMCHHbIX?

rnaea 13 TEXH0110fM~ Bbln011HEHM~

HAY4HO-MH>KEHEPHblX PAC4ETOB B CPE,QE EXCEL

13.1.

"1H>KeHepHb1e pac'leTbl

3JieICTpOHHbie Ta6m1Ubl HCnOJib3YJOTCR npH aBTOMaTH3aUHH BblnoJIHeHHR paJJIWIHhIX HIDKeHepHhIX pacqeTOB. Oco6eHHO 3<P<PeKTHBHO npHMeHeHHe Ta6m1qHoro npoueccopa Excel B coqernmm c TeKCTOBhIM pe.uaKTopoM Word. HanpHMep, npH cocTaBJieHHH TeXHWiecKHX o~eTOB HJIH MeTO,UHK pacqern KaKHX-JIH60 TeXHHqecKHX xapaKTepHCTHK H3,UeJIHR ,UJIR y1rn3aHHOH B TeKCTe pacqeTHOH <t>opM}'Jibl coCTaBJIRIOT pacqeTHYJO Ta6JIHuY B cpe.ue Excel. ,nmi: nepexo.ua H3 TeKcTa K pacqeTHOH Ta6m1ue MO)l(HO HCnOJib30BaTb TeXHOJIOfHIO rHnepCCblJIOK. ,nmi: npHMepa paCCMOTPHM <t>parMeHT MeTO,UHKH pacqeTa rnapHKOnO,UIIIHnHHKOB. .LJ:onycTHMYJO CTaTHqecKYJO Harpy3KY onpe.ueJIRIOT no npH6JIIDKeHHhIM <t>opM}'JiaM, npHBe.ueHHhIM Ha pHc. 13.1, a. ,nmi: BbIIlOJIHeHHR pacqern no JII06o:U H3 npHBe,UeHHbIX B Ta6JIHUe Ha pHC. 13.1, a <t>opMyJI ,UOCTaTOqHo ycTaHOBHTb Ha Hee KYPCOp H w:eJIKHYTh npaBo:U KHOnKo:U MhIIIIH. B peJyJihTaTe OTKpoeTcR Ta6JIHUa Excel, c nOMOW:blO KOTOpo:U MO)l(HO BbIITOJIHHTb COOTBeTCTBYJOlllHH pacqeT. Ha pHc. 13.l, 6noKa3aHa cxeMa BhIITOJIHeHHR TaKoro pacqeTa. TipHBe,UeHHaR cxeMa BbIIlOJIHeHHR pacqeTa MOXeT HCnOJib30BaTbCR npH perneHHH JII06bIX HIDKeHepHblX 3a,naq.

13.2.

CTaTMCTM'leCKmt o6pa6oTKa A8HHblX

0.UHHM H3 Ba)l(HeHIIIHX 3TanoB HayqHO-HCCJie,UOBaTeJibCKHX pa60T RBJIReTCR CTaTHCTWieCKaR o6pa60TKa npoBe,UeHHbIX 3KCnepHMeHTaJibHblX HCCJie,UOBaHHH. 3JieKTpOHHhIH npoueccop Excel co.uep)l{l.fT .uocTaToqHoe qI.fcJio <l>YHKUHH ,UJIR BbIIlOJIHeHHR TaKOH o6pa60TKH. PaccMOTPHM npwMeHeHwe <l>YHKUHH KOPPEJI ,UJIR oueHKH KoppeJIRUHOHHOH CBR3H - pacqern K03<P<PwuweHTa KoppeJIRUHH Mex.uy HCCJie.uyeMhIMH napaMeTPaMH. HanpHMep, TPe6yeTCR BhIRCHHTh BJIHRHHe TepMoo6pa6oTKH, KOTopaR npoBO,UHJiacb npw T= 120 째C B TeqeHHe 24 q, Ha o6paTHhIH TOK / 00P p-n-nepexo.z:i;a HHTerpaJihHhIX cxeM . .llJIR 3KCnepHMeHTa [5] 6bIJIO BbI6paHO 25 HHTerpaJibHbIX cxeM. B Ta6JI. 13.1 npwBe,UeHbl pe3yJihTaTbI 3TOro 3KcnepwMeHTa.

193

® '1!""'1 D

0.-• ~"' BCT... o

. a"""°

AHr"""""'""' ..

q>-

et~~

liil

~IQ~-·

'"='....,.~~~~~~....,.~~~~~-,~~~-,..~~~-=-,,_~.,..,...

A 0pM6moKeHHWe paC'tBTHblB ctJopll)'llbl .1,onycn1•oi cru11<teocoi Har1>Y3KM

Ta6.11114a 1 8

roJ1y&...i41--' DblAellettbl CMKflOM~

flPOIOBOAA' Wap11KOnDAWHnH111C

3CICM3

OOA"'""HHK

Pa.o,11a.11bHb1H

Acr = 15zdfu

O)l.HOpRJl.Hblft

ACT ; 16:zd'ml1fUP; 12°

PaA11a110HoynopHblft

Acr ; 20:zd'oil1fUP; 26'

O)l.HOpR,qHblii

Acr; 23m'mnp;P; '36°

BBeAMTS 3Ha'IBHl1R

d.n ,llonycnu.eaR pa.o.HanbHaA

KOJ111'18CTBO

11KOB WT

,(J.HaMerp

11Ka MM

HarpyaKa Ha HeepaU\ilOU\BKCR no WHOHHK H

12500

PHc. 13 .1. Ta61mua c npH6JIIDKeHHhIMH pac•ieTHhIMH <PoPMYJiaMH ,n;onyCTHMOH CTaTH'IeCKOH Harpy3KH (a) H cxeMa BhIUOJIHeHJUI pact.J:eTa no 3a,!l.aHHhIM B Ta6JIHUe <l>OPMYJiaM (6)

194

Ta6nwua 13.1 H3MeneHHe o6pamoro Too p-n-nepexo.z.a noCJie TepMoo6pa60TKH HoMep 11HTerpaJibHOH cxeMbI

100p.!lO repMoo6pa60TIGI: x,

loop IIOCJie repMoo6pa60TIGI: Y,

61 67 63 70 74 76 82 70 68 60 68 88 57

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

65 78 75 85 86 84 74 65 78 92 60

11 12 13

loop .!lO repMoo6pa60TIGI: x,

100p rrocJie repMoo6pa60TIGI: Y,

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

75 73 69 73 73 83 70 68 79 78 78 73

HoMep HHTerpaJibHOH cxeMbI

70 68 73 69 76 73 70 69 71 71

69 -

B np1rne;::i;eHHOM npHMepe onpe;::i;eneHHe Ha.JIWIIDI Koppemni;ttoHHOH 3aBHCHMOCTH npe)J;JlaraeTCH npOB0.11JITh c nOMOII.lhIO

MemoiJa MeiJuaH,

OCHOBaHHOfO Ha Tpa)J;HIJ;HOHHhIX «pytIHhIX» MeTo;::i;ax o6pa60TKH CTaTUCTHqecKoro MaTepwa.rra. CymHOCTh 3TOro MeTo;::i;a COCTOHT B CJie.1-lYJOmeM:

~ Ha OCHOBe pe3yJihTaTOB 3KCnepHMeHTa CTpOHT rpaqrnK -

;::i;war-

paMMY pa36poca )J;aHHhIX no TOqKaM; ~

Ha ;::i;warpaMMe npOBOMT BepTHKa.JlhHyIO H ropH30HTa.JihHyIO JIH-

HHH Me;::i;HaH;

~ B KIDK,l1,0M H3 qeTbipex KBa;::i;paTOB, o6pa30BaBIIIHXCH B pe3yJihTaTe pa3;::i;eJieHID1 )J;HarpaMMhI, OT)J;eJibHO CKJia)J;bIBaIOT noJIO)l(HTeJibHbie " OTpHI.J;aTeJibHbie TOqKH; ~ no cneI.J;Ha.JibHOH Ta6JIHI.J;e ;::i;eJiaIOT 3aKJIIOqeHHe 0 Ha.JIWIHH KOppeJIHI.J;HH.

,llml

onpe;::i;eJieHIDI KOppeJIHI.J;HOHHOH 3aBHCHMOCTH H K03$$HU.H-

eHTa KoppeAAI.J;HH c noMOII.lhIO <l>YHKUHH

KOPPEJI,

Heo6xo;::i;HMO BhI-

noJIHHTh CJie)J;yIOII.lHe ;::i;eHCTBIDI:

~ o<t>opMHTb pe3yJihTaThI 3KCnepHMeHTa B CHCTeMe Excel, KaK CKa3aHO B Ta6JI.

13.2;

~ Bhl)J;eJIHTh Hqe:UKY )J;J1H pacqern K03$$HU.HeHTa KOppeJIHI.J;HH;

195

jj. {68:71:65:76:75:65 jj ~ {61:67:63:70:7':76 ~

MaccHel ~ AtWWlXlH ~.

0,85142101

~SM'l MOryT fit.In, 路.-cM, ~.

"'11COtllblH,....tCWl'ICt1C~.

3Ka~;0,8Sl42i01

13 14

60 75

15 16 17 18 19

21 '

68, 79

73 69 73 73

PHc. 13.2. OKHo MaCTepa <l>YHKUHH KOPPEJI

=> Bhl3BaTh MaCTep cl>YHKUHH (pHC. 13.2); => B OIGle MaCTepa cl>YHKUHH }'K3.3aTb ,IJ;Harra30Hhl .sNeeK rrapaMeTpoe XH Y. Ilo.rryqeHHOe 3HaqeHHe K03cpcpm.i;HeHTa KOppeIDIIJ;HH (CBbIWe 0,85) YKa3LIBaeT Ha Ha.JiffqHe B3aHMOCB.H3H Me)l(,lly TeMrreparypo:U TepMoo6pa6oTirn H o6paTHhIM TOKOMp-n-rrepexo.n;a (CM. PHC. 13.2).

Ta6nHua 13.2 38DBCI. pe:Jym.TaTOB 3IcnepBMeBTam.BYX AalllllilX B Ta6mnQ' Excel HoMep CXCMhl

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

196

68 71 65 78 75 85 86 84 74

61 67 63 70 74 76 82 70 68

HoMep CXCMhl

10 11

12 13

14 15 16 17 18

65 78 92 60 75 73 69 73 73

60 68 88 57

HoMep CXCMhl

70 68 73 69

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

83 70 68 79 78 78 73

76 73 70 69 71 71

90 80 70 60 50

HoMep MHKpOCXeMhl ..... )1.o repMoo6pa60TKH --- Ilocne repMoo6pa6oTKH

Puc. 13.3. fpa<l>HKH 3aBHCHMOCTH o6pamoro TOKa p-n-nepexo.na OT TeMnepaT)'Phl Ha OCHOBe ,n;aHHbIX Ta6JI.

13.2 MO:>KHO IlOCTpOHTb rpacpmrn: 3aBHCH-

MOCTH o6paTHoro TOKa p- n- nepexo)la OT TeMnepa'fYPbI Harpeaa MHKpocxeMLI (pHC.

13.3).

Ilp11MeHeH11e <l>YHKIUiH

KOPEJI

3HaqHTeJihHO ynpomaeT npouecc

HaxO)l{,lleHIDI KOppeJUIUHOHHbIX CBH3e:H Mex,zzy HCCJie.zzyeMblMH BeJIHq11HaMH. Ilo aHaJIOJ'HlIHOH CXeMe MOryT IlpOBO.llHTbCH BbNHCJieHIDI 3HaqeHHH acex MaTeMaTffqeCKHX H CTaTHCTffqeCKHX <l>YHKUHM, BCTpOeHHblX a 3JieKTpOHHhIH npoueccop Excel.

KoHTponbHble eonpocb1

1. KaKHe MaTeMaTH'IecKHe <l>YHKUHH MO)l{}{O npHMeIDITb npu BhlIIOJIHeHHH HIDKeHepHhlX pacqeTOB B cpe.ne Excel? 2. KaKHe CTaTHCTH'IeCKHe <l>YHKUHH MO)l{}{O npHMeHHTb IIPH BblIIOJIHeHHH HayqHhlX pacqeToB B cpe.ne Excel?

LIACTb IV

CMCTEMblABTOMATMJMPOBAHHOro nPOEKTMPOBAHM~

rnasa 14 061.l.U·1E nPMHL.U.'lnbt ABTOMATM3MPOBAHHOro nPOEKTMPOBAHM.fl

14.1.

Teopen1"leCKMe OCHOBbl CMCTeM aBTOMaTM"leCKOro npoeKTMpoeaHMfl

B mo6oM npoHJBO.UCTBe (npOMhIIIIJieHHOM,

ceJibCKOX03.HMCTBeHHOM,

c<t>epe ycJiyr H .up.) ocy:rn:ecrnJI.HeTc.H npoeKTHpoBaHHe pa3Horo po.ua o6neKTOB. Mx MO)l(J{O pa3,UeJIHTh Ha ,UBe rpyrrnhi: KOHCTPYKTOPCKHe H TeXHOJIOrHqecKHe. CooTBeTCTBeHHO cttcTeMhI aBTOMaTH3HpoBaHHoro npoeKTHpoBaHH.H (CAIIP) TaIOKe no.upa3,UeJI.HIOTC.H no Ha3HaqeHHIO Ha ,UBe rpyrrnhI: CHCTeMbl aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOro npoeKTHpOBaHH.H KOHCTpYKUHH H3,UeJIHM c pa3pa60TKOM KOHCTPYKTOPCKOM .UOKYMeHTal.l,HH (CAIIP-K,Il,) H CHCTeMbl aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOrO npoeKTHpOBaHH.H TeXHOJIOrttqeCKHX npou,eccoB c pa3pa60TKOM TeXHOJIOrHqecKOM ,UOKyMeHTal.l,HH (CAIIP-TII). HecMoTp.H Ha pa3JIHqHe o6'beKTOB npoeKTHpoBaHH.H CAIIP-K,Il, H CAIIP-TII pa3BHBaIOTC.H no o6mHM npHHU,HnaM, TaK KaK, BO-nepBbIX, OTHOC.HTC.H K KaTeropHH «60JibIIIHX CHCTeM», a BOBTOpbIX, .HBJI.HIOTCH CHCTeMaMH «npHH.HTH.H peIIIeHHM». IlpHHa,UJie)l(J{OCTh CAIIP K 6oJihIIIHM cttcTeMaM

[2]

o6ycJIOBJIHBa-

eTcH CJie.uyIOil.l,HMH npH3HaKaMH: • CB.H3bl0 c pa3pa60TKOM TeXHlfqeCKHX peIIIeHHM, OCHOBaHHbIX Ha pa3JilfqHbIX MeTo.uax <PYHKl.l,HOHHpOBaHH.H H H3roTOBJieHH.H H3,UeJIHM; • yqacTHeM B npou,ecce npoeKTHpOBaHH.H cneU,HaJIHCTOB MHOrHX cneU,HaJibHOCTett; • HaJilfqHeM cJio:xrnoro annaparnoro H nporpaMMHom o6ecneqeHHH.

B o6meM

cJiyqae JII06a.H cttcTeMa onpe.ueJI.HeTc.H B BH,Ue HeKoToporo

_B_xo_.u_x_.___c_:_x_~_Y__.I B=o• ~

OTHOIIIeHH.H MHO:>KeCTB (pHC.

14.1). Ha

pHCyttKe o603HaqeHbI:

CHCTeMa;

MHO:>KeCTBO BXO,UOB CHCTeMbI;

MHO:>KeCTBO BbIXO,UOB CHCTeMbl. CttcTeMY

C cqHTaIOT pe1IIa10meH., D(X) Z( Y) H

ecJIH Ja,UaHo ceMettcTBO Ja,Uaq

PMc. 14.1. CxeMa CMcTeMhI npMIDITM.H perneHMH

198

MHO:>KeCTBOM peIIIeHHM

npaBHJiaMH

R(X, Y)

oT06pa:>KeHHH

MHmKeCTBa BXO.ll;OB B COOTBeTCTBy101uee MHO)l(eCTBO BhlXO,lJ;OB. MHaqe roBOpH, CHCTeMa HBJIHeTCH pernaiome:H, eCJIH HMeeTCH MHO)l(eCTBO perneHHM H rrpaBHJl, II03BOJIHlOIUHX ,lJ;JIH Ka)l(,ll;Oro 3JleMeHTa H3 MHO)l(eCTBa HaMTH XOTH 6bI 0.ll;HH 3JleMeHT H3 MHO)l(eCTBa Y.

113 orrpe;:i;eneHHH pernaiome:H c11cTeMhI oqeBH.ll;HO, qTo H3JlO)l(eHHhie rrpMHUHIIhI pa3pa6oTKH II03BOJIHIOT OTHeCTH

CAIIP

K KJiaccy

CHCTeM IIPHHHTHH perneHHM. Ilo crroco6y rrporpaMMHOM pean113au1111 paJJIJlqaJOT: H06e 6a3 aaHHblX (pHC.

14.2) H CAIIP Ha

CAIIP Ha oc14.3),

OCH06e 6a3 3HOHUU (pHC.

npHHIJ;HIIHaJlhHOe OTJlJlqHe KOTOpbIX COCTOHT B cne;:i;yiomeM.

Ha'laJIO

CneQHaJIHCT

AllaJIH3 ____________ ..__Ko_H_c_Tp_YJ<T,,_..O-p-cK_o_M:_:----1 KoHcTpyicropcKID! )l.OK)'MeHTaQHH

BBO)l. xapaKTepHCTHK )l.llil IlOHCKa

<I>opMa BBO)l.a xapaKTepHCTHK

-~rr_o_11_c_K_a~H-aJI-or_o_a~~~----1r:==:_~~~---=1L ~ lia3a )l.aHHbIX

HeT

.LJ:a

ITpoeKTHposaHHe no aHaJiory

JiH)l.HBH)lyaJ!bHOe npoeKTHpOBaHHe

O<t>opMJieHHe

KoHeQ

PHc. 14.2. EJioK-cxeMa CAilP Ha ocHoBe 6a3 ;::i:aHHhIX

199

B CAIIP Ha ocHoBe 6a3 .uaHHhIX crreu;ml.IIHCT (TeXHonor HJIH KOHCTpyicrop) HBIDieTCH OCHOBHbIM «pernaIOrn;HM 3JieMeHTOM» CHCTeMhl, T. e. crreu;u:anu:cT pa3pa6aTblBaeT KOHCTPYKUHIO H3)leJIHH HJIH TeXHonornqecKHM rrpou;ecc ero H3roToBJieHHH B COOTBeTCTBHH co CBOeM KBaJIH<t>u:Kau;u:ei1. POJib KOMIIhIOTepa c COOTBeTCTBYIOII.J;HM rrporpaMMHbIM o6ecrreqeHu:eM cocTOHT B 3TOM CJIY11ae B rrpe.uocTaBJieHHH crreu;u:anu:czy He06XO)lHMOM HH<l>OpMau;u:u: H o<t>opMJieHHH )lOK}'MeHTau;u:u: (KOHCTPYJCTOPCKOM HJIH TeXHonoru:qecKoi1) B cooTBeTCTBHH c TPe6oBaHu:HMH ECK,ll; HJIH ECT,[I;. B CAIIP-TIT Ha ocHoBe 6a3 3HaHu:i1 crreu;u:anu:cT HBIDieTCH «KoopJlHHHpyiorn;u:M 3JieMeHTOM» cu:cTeMbI. Ponh «pernarorn;ero 3JieMeHTa» B 3TOM cnyqae BblIIOJIHHeT KOMIIbIOTep c COOTBeTCTBYIOII.J;HM rrporpaMMHblM o6ecrreqeHu:eM, T. e. B TaKHX cu:cTeMax 3a.uaqa crreu;u:anu:cTa orpaHlfqHBaeTCH BBO)lOM HCXO)lHbIX )laHHbIX )lJIH rrpoeKTu:poBaHHH, a rrpu:HHTHe OIITHMaJibHOro perneHHH H o<t>opMJieHHe TeXHu:qecKOM JlOKY-

HaqaJio

CrreuHaJIHCT

AHaJIH3 ____________ ..__KO_H_C_TJl_YJCT-.--Op_c_K_o_il:~,._ _ __, KoHCTJlYJCTOPCKIUI .UOK}'MeHTaUHH

Bao.a

<I>opMa BBO.Ua xapaKTepHCTHK

xapaKTepHCTHK JVUi IIOHCKa

IloHCK peweHIDI liaJa JHaHHHil:

HeT

)];a

IIpoeKTHpoaaHHe Ha OCHOBe 6aJ .UaHHbIX

KoHeu

PHc. 14.3. E110K-cxeMa CATIP-Til Ha ocHoBe 6aJ 3HaHHH

200

MeHTal.l,HH BbIIlOJIIDieT KOMilbIOTep. TipH 3TOM cne.uyeT rro.uqepKH)'Tb, 'ITO omeemcmeennocmb 3a npuH.Rmoe pewenue necem cneu,uaJ1ucm. no anropHTMaM npoeKTHPOBaHIDI CATIP IlO,Upa3,UeJUIIOT Ha cuc-

meMbl u11oueuiJyaJ1b11020 npoeKmupoeanUR H cucmeMbl npoeKmupoeanUR no a11aJ102aM.

14.2. 06aop coepeMeHHblX nporpaMMHblX CMCTeM aBTOMaTM3MpoeaHHOro npoeKTMpoeaHM.R B cooTBeTCTBHH c H3JIOlKeHHhIMH paHee nonolKeHIDIMH c~ecrny iorn;He YHHBepcanhHbie (KOMMepqecKHe) CATIP-K.LI: MOlKHO OTHecTH K CATIP Ha ocHOBe 6a3 .uaHHbIX. K 3TOMY Blf.llY CATIP MOlKHO Ta:IoKe OTHecTH cHcTeMbI T-FLEX-CAD, KOMIIAC H AutoCAD. K CATIP Ha ocHoBe 6a3 3HaHHH MOlKHO OTHeCTH CHCTeMY P-CAD, pa3pa60TaHHYIO TOJibKO ,Ullil npoeKTHpOBaHIDI KOHCTPYKl.l,HH H3,UeJIHH Ha ITJiaTax c neqaTHblM MOHTalKOM. CATIP-K,LI;, KaK npasHJio, HMeIOT B csoeM cocTase: • rpa<t>JfqeCKHH pe.uaKTop c Ha6opoM 3JieMeHTOB OilHCaHIDI KOHCTPYKll.HH (6a30H HCXO,UHbIX 3JieMeHTOB); • MO.llYJIH ,Ullil pacqeTa napaMeTPOB KOHCTPYKl.l,HH (MaCCbl, ofineMa, rrpoqHOCTH H T. .u.); • IlO,UCHCTeMbl BbIITYCKa KOHCTPYKTOPCKOH .UOKYMeHTal.l,HH (K,ll;); • IlOCTnpou,eccopbl ,Ullil aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOro ynpaBJieHIDI TeXHOJIOrlfqeCKHM o6opy.uoBaHHeM (B OCHOBHOM 3TO ynpaBJUIIOIIJ;He nporpaMMbl ,Ullil CTaHKOB c nporpaMMHbIM ynpa:BJieHHeM). fpa$HqecKHe pe.uaKTopb1 cospeMeHHhlX CATIP-K.LI: .UOJllKHhI orneqaTb cne.uyIOrn;HM TPe6osaHIDIM: • HMeTb 0,UHHaKOBbIH BeKTOpHbIH <t>opMaT BttyTpeHHero npe,UCTaBJieHIDI rpa<t>JfqeCKOH MO,UeJIH B 03Y H <t>a:Hne; • o6ecne~Tb B03MOlKHOCTb HCIIOJib30Ba:HIDI HX ,UJUI ofibeKTOB npoeKTHpOBaHIDI co cnolKHo:H HepapXJfqeCKOH CTPYKTYPO:H; • o6ecneqHsaTb C03,UaHHe K.LI: B coorneTCTBHH c TPe6osaHIDIMH ECK.LI:; • HMeTb H36bITOqHYIO CHCTeMY KOMaH,U H HHCTPYKQHH, o6ecneqHBaIOrn;HX y.uo6CTBO BBO,Ua H pe.uaKTHPOBaHIDI; • o6ecneqHBaTb 3a,UaHHe napaMeTPOB, IlOCTOHHHbIX Ha Beeb npou,ecc BBO,Ua H pe.uaKTHPOBaHIDI; • o6ecneqHBaTb B03MOlKHOCTh pa6oThI no cxeMaM .UByxMepHo:H H TPeXMepHo:H rpa<l>HKH; • o6ecneqHBaTb B03MOlKHOCTb C03,UaHIDI H HCil0Jlb30BaHIDI 6H6JIHOTeK ofineKTOB (6a3 HJIH 6aHKOB .uaHHbIX); • o6ecneqHBaTb B03MOlKHOCTb 6a3HpOBaHIDI, MaCII1Ta6HpoBaHID1 H paccnoeHIDI o6'beKTOB npoeKTHpoBaHIDI. Ha pbIHKe nporpaMMHhlX npO.UYKTOB HaxOAAT nrnpoKH:H cnpoc nporpaMMHble CHCTeMbl ,UJUI aBTOMaTH3al.l,HH KOHCTPYKTOPCKoro npo-

201

eKTHPOBaHIDI. Cnpoc )Ke Ha KOMMepqecKHe nporpaMMHbie CHCTeMbI WU! aBTOMaTH3aJ.lHH TeXHonorH:qeCKOro npoeKTHPOBaHIDI 3HaqHTenbHO MeHbIIIe. 3To MO)l(HO o6'bHCHHTb cne)zy!Orn;HMH npttqHHaMH. CttcTeMhI KOHCTPYK'fOpcKoro HaJHaqeHIDI 6aJHPYJOTCH Ha o6menpHHHTbIX B EBpone H PoccHH HopMaTHBHbIX ;::i:oicyMeHTaX - ECK,11., onpe;::i:eAAIOrn;HX TPe60BaHID1 K O<popMJieHHIO qepTe)l(eH H3;::i:enHH. ,U;rn CHCTeM TeXHonorH:qeCKoro npoeKTHpOBaHIDI He CYilleCTByeT e;::i:HHbIX CTaH;::i:apTOB Ha 3neMeHTbl TeXHonorHH (KpOMe CTaH;::i:apTOB Ha ¢>opMbl BblXOLl:HbIX TeXHonorlfqeCKHX Ll:OicyMeHTOB), no3TOMY MHOrHe npe;::i:npIDITIDI C03.lWIOT HX Ha ocHoBe nporpaMMHbIX cttcTeM Fox Pro, SQL HJIH Access. PaccMOTPHM cHaqana CYillecrnyiomtte CATIP-K,11., Ha3brnaeMbie CAD-cttcTeMhI (Computer Aided Design). Hatt6onee pacnpocTPaHeHbI Ha npe;::i:npIDITHHX PoccHH OTeqecrneHHbie cttcTeMbI T-FLEX CAD (pa3pa6oNHK AO «Ton-cttcTeMbI»), KOMIIAC (pa3pa60NHK KOMnaHIDI ACKOH) H AutoCAD (¢>HpMbI AutoDESK) . .LJ:ocTOHHCTBOM oTeqecrneHHbIX CAD-cHCTeM HBJIHeTcH HX nonHoe coorneTCTBHe ECK,11.. Bee coBpeMeHHhie KOMMepqecKHe CAD-cttcTeMbI o6na;::i:aIOT B03MO)l(HOCTHMH npOCTPaHCTBeHHOro Mo;::i:enHpOBaHIDI, BKJIIOqa10mero B ce6H: • nOCTPOeHHe npocTPaHcTBeHHbIX Mo;::i:eneH:, 6aJHPYJOmHXcH Ha TeXHonomH CHCTeMbI Parasolid (¢>HpMbI Unigraphics Solutions) H HCnonb3YJOmHX WU! C03L1:aHID1 TPeXMepHbIX Mo;::i:eneH: HOBeHIIIYJO BepcHIO reoMeTPHqecKoro H;::i:pa Parasolid; • HaCTPOeHHbIH no;::i: CHCTeMY Windows nonb30BaTenbCKHH HHTep<t>eH:c c IIIHPOKHM Ha6opoM KOHTeKCTH0-3aBHCHMbIX MeHIO; • Hcnonh30BaHHe HHCTPYMeHTOB, noJBOAAIOrn;Hx pa6oTaTh no cxeMe TPeXMepHoli rpa¢>HKH: pa6oqag IIJIOCKOCTb-3CKH3-TBep;::i:oe Teno, H pa6oTY co BCeM Ha6opoM napaMeTpttqecKHX Ll:BYXMepHbIX HHCTPYMeHTOB npH C03.ll:aHHH 3CKH3a; • 6onbIIIOH Ha6op THnOB pa6oqHX IIJIOCKOCTeH WU! ToqHoro pacnono)l(eHIDI KOHCTP)'Kll.HOHHbIX 3neMeHToB; • nocTpoeHHe TPeXMepHbIX Mo;::i:eneif Ha OCHOBe CYilleCTBYJOmHX Ll:BYXMepHbIX qepTe)l(ett; • nocTPOeHHe napaMeTPH:qeCKHX TPeXMepHbIX Mo;::i:eneif rnep;::i:bIX Ten c noMorn;bIO cne;::i:yiorn;HX onepauttif: BbITaJIKHBaHHe IIJIOCKoro MHoroKOHTYPHOro npo¢>HJIH no npHMOH c o6ecneqeHHeM B03MO)l(HOCTH 3a;::i:aHID1 yrna HaKJioHa o6paJyiorn;ei1: nHTeHHOro YKJIOHa H HCnOnb30BaHHe TeKCTOB WU! BbITaJIKHBaHIDI; BhlTaJIKHBaHHe TPeXMepHoro npo¢>HJIH (noBepXHOCTH) no npHMOH HJIH HOPMaJIH B Ka)l(Ll:OH TOqKe (npH;::i:aHHe TOnrn;HHbI); nOBOpOT npo¢>HJIH BOKpyr OCH Ha 3a;::i:aHHbIH yron; C03.ll:aHHe nHHeifqaTblX noBepXHOCTeif; • no<t>THHr - npoTHfHBaHHe npo<t>HJIH BLl:Onb npOCTPaHCTBeHHOH TPaeKTOPHH c o6pa30BaHHeM Tena THna sweep, T.e. C03;::i:aHHe CIIJiaH-

202

HOBOH noBepXHOeTM no Ha6opy npoeTPaHeTBeHHbIX eeqeHMH, BKJilO'-laR B03MO)l(HOeTb 3a,uaHM5I TOqeK eOOTBeTeTBM51 npoqnrne:H If yeJIOBMH Ha KOHI.J;ax, If MHOfOKOHTYPHbIH JIQ(PTMHr; • MenoJib30BaHMe napaMeTPMqeeKoro (H3MeHHeMoro) npo<f>MJI5I; • noeTPoeHMe <t>aeoK; • noeTPOeHMe ermu1urnaHMH e noeTORHHbIM If nepeMeHHbIM pa,uMyeaMM (H3MeHeHMe pa,uttyea OT HaqaJibHOfO K KOHeqHOMY MOXeT 6bITb KaK JIMHeHHblM, TaK If HeJIMHeHHbIM); • MenOJib30BaHMe pa3JlttqHbIX reoMeTPttqeeKMX eeqeHMM ernaxMBaHM51.

14.3.

MeTOAbl aeT0MaT11t311tpoeaHHoro npoeKT11tpoeaH11tJ1 KOHCTPYKTOpCKOM AOKYM8HT31.411tllt

yqJfTblBaH, qTo npaKTttqeeKM Bee aBTOMaTM3MpOBaHHbie eMeTeMbl KOHeTPyKTOpeKOfO npoeKTMpOBaHMR pa3pa6aTbIBalOTe51 Ha oeHOBe Me)K,lzy1rnpo,L1,HhIX M oTeqeeTBeHHhIX ernH,L1,apTOB TMna ECK,[(, npMMeID1eMb1e npM 3TOM MeTO)J,bl paeeMOTPMM Ha npMMepe OTeqeeTBeHHOH e11eTeMhI T-FLEX-CAD.

T - FLEX-CAD

npe,Ll,eTaBJIReT eo6o:H KOMnJieKe nporpaMMHhIX

epe,Ll,eTB )J,JI5I aBTOMaTM3MpoBaHHOro npoeKTMpoBaHM51 KOHeTPyKTOpeKoii .D.OKYMeHTal.J;MM. B eoeTaB KOMIIJieKea BXO,Ll,5IT: • eMeTeMa aBTOMaTM3MpoBaHHoro qepqeHM51 T-FLEX-CAD LT; • eMeTeMa aBTOMaTM3MpoBaHHOro npoeKTMpoBaHM51 T-FLEX-CAD

2D; • eMeTeMa TPeXMepHoro MO)J,eJIMPOBaHM51

T-FLEX-CAD 3D; T-FLEX-

• eMereMa no,Ll,fOTOBKM qeprexe:H no TPeXMepHbIM MO.D.eJI5IM

CAD 3D SE. KoMrmeKe

T-FLEX-CAD

o6eeneqMBaeT:

• pa3pa60TKY KOHeTPyKTOpeKoii .D.OKYMeHTaI.J;MM (qepTexe:H, eneUM<l>MKaI.J:Mii If T.,LI,.) Ha M3)J,eJIM51 pa3JIJfqHoro TMna (B TOM qJfeJie TexHOJIOI'JfqeeKOH oeHaeTKM )J,JI5I M3fOTOBJieHM51 M3)J,eJIM5I); • aBTOMaTM3aI.J;MlO MH)KeHepHbIX paeqeTOB (Ha npoqHoeTb, ,Ll,MHaMJfqeeKoro aHaJIM3a M .D.p.) B npou;eeee npoeKTMpoBaHM5I; • pa3pa60TKY ynpaBJI5IIOIUMX nporpaMM )J,JI5I eTaHKOB e qrry e MMMTal.J;Meii npoueeea o6pa6oTKM .D.eTaJIM tta eTaHKe. Mo)KHO Bbl)J,eJIMTh eJie.D.YJOIUMe eBoiieTBa nporpaMMHhIX epe,Ll,eTB

T -FLEX, KOTOpb1e orneqa10T TPe6oBaHM5IM poeeMiieKMX npe,L1,npM5ITM:H. 1. Bee eMeTeMhl, BXO,Ll,5IIUMe B KOMIIJieKe, noJIHOeThlO MHTerpMpOBaHbl Me)K)J,y eo6o:H, T. e. nepe,Ll,aqa MH<f>opMaI.J;MM OT O)J,HOH eMeTeMbl K ,Ll,pyro:H oeyiueeTBJI5IeTe51 3a eqeT BHYTPeHHeii eB513M Me)K)J,y MO,Ll,yJI51MM. l1eKJI10qeHMe eoeTaBJI5IIOT eMeTeMbl, Heo6XO,Ll,MMbie )J,JI5I aHaJIM3a KOHeTPYKI.J;MM M3)J,eJIMH (HH)KeHepHbIX paeqeTOB, paeqeTOB Ha npoqHOeTb If ,Ll,p.), B KOTOpbie Mtt<f>opMaI.J;M51 nepe,L1,aeTe5I qepe3 <f>aiiJibI eTaH,Ll,apTHbIX <t>opMaTOB.

203

2. McnOJib30Bamt:e B KOMIIJieKce POCC:UHCKHX pa3pa6oTOK B COOTBeTCTBYIOIIUt:X o6nacnIX aBTOMaT:U3:UpOBaHHOfO npoeKT:upOBaHIDI, KOTOpbie yq:UThIBaIOT cneumpmcy pocc:UHCKOfO npo:U3BO.U:CTBa ( CTaH.n;apTbl, TexmwecK:ue ycnoaIDI, o6opy.n;oaaH:ue :u T. .n;.). 3. KIDl{)l;aJI C:UCTeMa MOJKeT pa6oTaTh B KOMIIJieKce B mo6ow KOM6:UHau:u:u HJl:U aBTOHOMHO, qTO n03BOJUieT r:u6KO no.n;xo.n;:uTb K 3a.n;aqaM aBTOMaTH3au;:u:u no.n;roTOBKH npo:U3BO.U:CTBa mo6oro npe.n;npIDITIDI. Cacreu Ul'OMaT11311pOB8HHOro 'lelJ"leHHH. C:ucreMa T-FLEX-CAD LT, npe.n;Ha3HaqeHHaJI ,llJUI 6bICTpOfO C03,lJ;aHIDI qepTexeM: B noJIHOM COOTBeTCTB:U:U c Tpe6oaaHIDIM:U ECKJJ:, co.n;ep)l{lt:T cne.n:yiom:uw Ha6op 3JieMeHTOB ,llJUI <t>opM:upoaaHIDI qepTexeM:: OTpe3KH np.SIMhIX JI:UH:UH (npo:U3BOJihHbie, napaJIJieJibHhie, nepnett.n;HKYJI.SIPHhle, KacaTeJibHhie :u .n;p.); pa3JI:uqHbie aap:uaHThI .n:yr (qepe3 Tp:U ToqKH, qepe3 .n;ae ToqK:u c 3a.n;aH1t:eM pa.n;:uyca, c ueHTpOM B ToqKe, KaCaTeJihHhie :u T.n.); nOJIHbie OKpYJKHOCT:U; oceBble JI:UH:U:U; <t>acK:u; CKpyrneHIDI :u .n;p. Ilp:u nOCTpOeH:U:U .n:yr aBTOMaT:uqecKH <t>:uKc:upyioTC.SI YfJlbl 90, 180, 270°' a TaKXe coana.n;ett:ue ueHTpa .n:yr:u c KYPCOpOM no rop:U30HTaJI:U :U BepT:UKaJI:U. C:ucTeMa T-FLEX-CAD LT BKmoqaeT a ce6.sr cne.n:yiom:ue <l>YHKu:u:u qepqettIDI: • <t>opM:upoaatt:ue pa3JI:uqHbIX THnoa n:utt:uM: a cooTBeTCTB:U:U c ECK,ll; (o6ecneq:uaaeT B03MOJKHOCTb C03,lJ;aHIDI HOBbIX T:UnOB JI:UH:UH); • BbIIIOJIHett:ue accou:uaT:UBHbIX IIITp:UXOBOK, 3aJI:UBOK, IIITp:UXOBOK no o6pa3u;y. (06ecneq:uaaeT B03MOJKHOCTb COJ.n;aHIDI CBO:UX THIIOB IIITp:UXOBOK.) MMeIOIIIaJIC.SI B C:UCTeMe <l>YHKIIIDI aBTOMaT:uqecKoro no:ucKa 3aMKffYTOro KOHTYPa 3Haq:uTeJibHO yrrpomaeT npouecc 3a.n;aHID1 KOHTYPa IIITp:UXOBKH. Otta aaToMaT:uqecKH o6ne.n;:uH.SieT 3aMKffYTbie KOHTYpbI np:u :ux BbI6ope no 06111:uM pe6paM :u aBTOMaT:uqecK:u OTCJie)l{lt:BaeT BHYTpetttt:ue 3aMKffYTbie o6nacTH (ocTpoaa). B pe3yJihTaTe <t>opM:upyeTc.sr accou:uaT:UBHbIH KOHTYP IIITp:UXOBKH, KOTOpblH :U3MeH.SieTC.SI np:u :U3MeHeH:U:U nOJIOJKeHIDI JI:UH:UH :U306paJKeHIDI, K KOTOpbIM OH np:UB.Sl3hIBaeTC.SI; • npocTaHOBKY pa3MepoB JI:UHeHHhIX, Ha OKpYJKHOCT:U, yrJIOBblX (BKJIIOqaJI aBTOMaT:uqecKHH pacqeT npe.n;eJihHbIX OTKJIOHeH:UH no HOM:UHaJIY pa3Mepa :u nOJIIO .n;orrycKa) :u no.z:r.n;epXKY .U:BOHHbIX pa3MepoB ( MM/.U:IOHMbl); • npocTaHOBKY Ha qepTexax .n;orryCKOB <t>opMbl :u pacnonoxeHIDI noaepXHOCTeH, 3HaqeH:UH IIIepoxoBaTOCT:U, Ha.n;n:ucew :u TeKCTa. Ilp:u 3TOM IIIepoxoBaTOCTb MOJKHO Bb16:upaTb :U3 Ta6n:uu; CTatt.n;apTHbIX 3Ha11eH:UH, a .n;orrycKH <t>opMbl :u pacnOJIOXeHIDI noaepXHOCTeH aBTOMaTHqeCKH paccq:UTbIBaTb B 3aB:UC:UMOCT:U OT Tpe6yeMbIX pa3Mepa .n;eTaJI:U :u TOqHOCT:U o6pa60TKH. C:ucTeMa T-FLEX-CAD LT co.n;ep)l{lt:T TaKJKe cne.n:yiom:ue <l>YHKIIHH: KOrr:upoaatt:ue, C:UMMeTpIDI, JI:UHeHHbIH MaCC:UB, MaCC:UB BpameHIDI. Ilp:u Kon:upoBaH:U:U MOJKHO 3a,lJ;aTb MaCIIITa6 :u yroJI noaopoTa KOn:upyeMbIX 3JieMeHTOB. Ilp:u C03,lJ;aH:U:U KpYfOBbIX :u JI:UHeHHbIX Macc:u-

204

BOB rrpe;zycMOTpeHa B03MO)l(HOCTb 33,ll;amm rrepeMeHHOro q11cna KOIIHH H306paxeHHH. JlHHeHHhrH MaCCHB MO>KeT C03,UaBaTbCH cpa3y B .UByx HanpaBJiemmx: ITO CTpOKaM H CTOJI6u;aM. HoBhie B03MO)l(HOCTH KOIIHpOBaHHH 3JieMeHTOB rro3BOJIHIOT rronh3oBaTeJIHM co3,aaBaTb o6o6meHHbie qepTe)KJ{ c rrepeMeHHhIM q11cnoM Tex HJIH HHhIX 3JieMeHTOB. C11cTeMa T-FLEX-CAD LT BhIIIOJIHHeT cne.uyIOm11e crreu;HaJihHhie KOHCTpYKTOPCKHe 3JieMeHThl o<t>opMJieHHH qepTexe:H: • HaHeceHHe OCHOBHOH Ha,ll;IIHCH; • <t>opMHpOBaHHe TeKCTa TeXHlfqeCKHX Tpe60BaH11:H; • C03,UaHHe o603HaqeHHH HeYKa3aHHOH mepoxoBaTOCTH; • aBTOMaTlfqeCKHH rro.u6op <t>opMaTa MH BhIBO.Ua qepTexa Ha IIJIOTTep HJIH rrpHHTep.

CHCTeMe HMeeTCH TaKXe B03M0)1(HOCTh BBe,UeHHH TeKCTOBOH HH-

<t>opMaU:HH Herrocpe,UCTBeHHO Ha none qepTexa B peaJibHOM pe)KJ{Me orn6paxeH1U1 (

Wysiwyg). lfMe10mlf:HcH BCTpOeHHhIH reKCTOBhrH pe,aaK-

Top rro.u.uep)KJ{BaeT <t>opMarnpoBaHHe a63au;eB TeKcTa (BhipaBHHBattHe, OTCTYIIhI, HHTepBaJihl H T.,U.), Pa3Jll{qHOe Bhl)J;eJieHHe CJIOB, HCIIOJih30BaHHe pa3HhIX IIIPH<l>ToB, pa3MepoB, CTHJie:H, u;BeTa MH <t>parMeHTOB 0,UHOro TeKCTa. 06ecrreqeHa B03M0)1(HOCTh BBe,UeHHH B TeKCThl 1rn.ueKCOB, .upo6e:H, 3JieMeHTOB o<t>opMJieHHH qepTexa, OT,UeJihHhIX <t>parMeHTOB, T. e. B .uaHHOH CHCTeMe MO)l(HO CB060.UHO 6e3 KaKHXJIH6o .UOIIOJIHHTeJihHhIX ycTaHOBOK H orpaHl{qeHHH C03,UaBaTh KaK rpaqmqecKHe, TaK H TeKCTOBhie .UOKYMeHThl.

)]juI aBTOMarn3aU:HH BBO,Ua qacTO IIOBTOpHIOiu;HXCH TeKCTOBhlX CTpOK B CHCTeMe pa3pa60TaHa <l>YHKu:HH HX BhI6opa H3 CJIOBapH. IlpH 3aIIOJIHeHHH OCHOBHOH Ha,ll;IIHCH qepTexa IIOJih30BareJIH pa6oTaIOT IIPHMO Ha qepTexe B COOTBeTCTBYJOiu;HX TeKCTOBbIX IIOJIHX. IlpH 3TOM B03MOXeH BhI6op TeKCTOBhIX 3HaqeHHH H3 3apaHee rro.uroTOBJieHHhIX CIIHCKOB. C11cTeMa T - FLEX-CAD LT o6n3,ll;aeT B03MO)l(HOCThIO co3,aaHHH JII06hIX Ta6JIHU:, 33,ll;aHHH H H3MeHeHHH pa3MepoB rrone:H, o6'he,UHHeHHH j{qeeK, orrpe.ueneHHH rpafflfqHhIX JIHHHH H T.,U., a TaKXe II03BOJIHeT pa6oTaTb c MHOroCTpaHlfqHhIMH TeKCTOBhIMH .UOKYMeHTaMH-qepTexaMH. HarrpHMep, MHorocTpaHlfqHaH crreu:H<l>HKau;HH Ha H3.UeJIHe MOXeT HaxO,UHThCH B O.UHOM .UOKYMeHTe CHCTeMhl, rrpHqeM BMecre co c6opoqHhIM qepTeXOM. Heo6xo.u11Mo OTMeTHTh TaKXe, qrn qepe3 6y<l>ep o6MeHa Windows c11cTeMhl T-FLEX-CAD LT B03MOXeH o6MeH TeKCTOBhIMH .uaHHhIMH c Word H MHOrHMH .upyrHMH rrpHJioxeHHHMH. TaKHM o6pa30M, T-FLEX-CAD LT HBJIHeTCH rroJIHO<l>YHKu:HOHaJihHOH CHCTeMOH MH rro.uroTOBKH KOHCTpYKTOPCKO-TeXHlfqeCKOH .UOKYMeHTau;HH, BKJIJOqa10me:H B ce6R BCe <l>YHKu:HH o<t>opMJieHHH.

CaCTeMY asroMaTH1apoaaHHoro npoelITllpoBaJUUI.

IlpHHU:HIT aBTO-

Marn311poBaHHoro rrpoeKTHpoBaHHH KOHCTpYKTOPCKOH .UOKYMeHTaU:HH OCHOBaH Ha TaK Ha3bIBaeMOM MeTo.ue rrapaMeTpl{qeCKOro qepqeHHH.

205

T- FLEX-CAD 2D -

3TO cMcTeMa napaMeTpmecKoro qepqemrn, peKo-

MeHJJ;yeMasi: )I.JUI MCilOJih30aaHIDI npM npoeKTMpoaaHMM TMilOabIX KOHCTPYKU:MH, a KOTOpbIX .UOCTaTO'IHO abICOKaH CTeneHb noaTOpHeMOCTM M YHM<l>MKaU:MM .n:ernneH:, M co.n:ep)J{aiu:asi: ace <l>YHKUMM CMCTeMbl T-FLEX-CAD LT. OcHoaHaH OTJIM'IMTeJibHaH oco6eHHOCTh T-FLEX-CAD 2D OT T-FLEX-CAD LT COCTOMT a TOM, 'ITO ace napaMeTpbl qepTe)J{a a Hett MOryT 6bITb ablpa)J{eHbl c IlOMOJUblO nepeMeHHbIX, paCC'IMTaHhl c noMOIUbIO <l>OPMYJI M ab16paHbl M3 6a3 .n:aHHbIX. B CMCTeMe T-FLEX-CAD 2D peaJIM3oaaH cne.11;y10iu:ttH: no.n:xo.n: K npoeKTMpoaaHMIO: CHallaJia qepTe)J{ CTpOMTCH a TOHKMX JIMHMHX, a 3aTeM o6ao,UMTCH OCHOaHblMM JIMHIDIMM. IlpM abIIlOJIHeHMM IlOCTpOeHIDI c IlOMOIUbIO acnoMoraTeJihHbIX JIMHMH (JIHHMH IlOCTpOeHIDI) aaTOMaTJflleCKM <t>opMMpyIOTCH OTHOIIIeHIDI Me)J{)Jy JIHHIDIMM (napaJUieJihHOCTb, nepneH.ll;MKYJIHPHOCTb, KaCaHIDI M T . .11;.) M <l>MKCMpyIOTCH napaMeTphl 3TMX OTHOIIIeHMH (paCCTOHHMe, pa.n:eyc, yroJI M .n:p.), T. e. npM ablilOJIHeHMM o6hllJ:HblX lJ:epTe)J{HblX onepaUMH: aaTOMaTJflleCKM abIIlOJIHHeTCH napaMeTpM3aU:IDI qepre)J{a. Bee 3JieMeHThI o<t>opMJieHMH qepTe)J{a (pa3Mepbl, IIITpMXOaKM, .n:onycKM, o603HalJ:eHMH IIIepoxoaaTOCTeH, TeKCTbl MT. n.) npM HaHeceHMM Ha qepTe)J{e aaTOMaTJflleCKM npMaH3bIBaIOTCH K acnoMoraTeJibHblM IlOCTpOeHIDIM. TaKoH: MeTOA abmonHeHwi: qepTe)J{eH no3aoJIHeT aecbMa 3Ha'IMTeJibHO (.n:o HeCKOJibKMX MHHYT) COKpaTMTb CpOKM npoeKTMpoaaHIDI KOHCTpYKIJ:MH, OTJIM'laIOIUMXCH OT aHanora pa3MepaMM (napaMeTpaMH) OT.ll;eJibHbIX 3JieMeHTOa. IlapaMeTpbl JII06bIX 3JieMeHTOa qepTe)J{a: TOJIIUMHa JIMHMH H306pa)J{eHIDI, pa3Mepbl CTpeJIOK, 3HalJ:eHIDI IIIepoxoaaTOCTM noaepXHOCTeH, co.uep)J{aHMe TeKCTa M .n:pyrMe MOryT 6hITb 3a.ll;aHbl nepeMeHHblMM. CttcTeMa T-FLEX-CAD 2D npe.n:ocTaBJIHeT npoeKTnpoaIUMKY ao3MO)J{HOCTh npOCMOTpa pa3pa6oTaHHOH KOHCTpYKIJ:MH a .n:all)J{eHMM, T. e. M3MeHHH 3HalleHIDI nepeMeHHbIX napaMeTpoa OT HalJ:aJibHOro 3HalJ:eHIDI .uo KOHelJ:HOro c onpe.n:eJieHHbIM IIIaroM MJIM 3a.11;aaasi: 3aKOHbl M3MeHeHIDI nepeMeHHblX c IlOMOIUbIO MaTeMaTM'leCKMX <l>YHKUMH. IlpM 3TOM Ka)J{AbIH pa3 npOMCXO.ll;MT o6HOBJieHMe qepTe)J{a a COOTaeTCTaMH c 3a.ll;aHHbIMM napaMeTpmeCKMMM CaH3HMM. Mo)J{HO co3.11;aTb qepTe)J{ TaKMM o6pa30M, 'IT06hI TpH aM.11;a .n:eTaJIM 6hmM a3aMMocaH3aHbI .n:pyr c .n:pyroM. B 3TOM cnyqae M3MeHeHMe napaMeTpoa Ha O.ll;HOM aM.11;e npMae.n:eT K COOTaeTCTayIOIUHM H3MeHeHIDIM Ha .n:ayx .n:pyrMX aM.11;ax. Mo)J{HO TaK)J{e co3.11;aaaTb qepTe)J{Jf c nepeMeHHhIM 'IMCJIOM 3JieMeHTOa. Eiu:e o.uHoH: OTJIM'IHTeJibHOH oco6eHHOCThIO T-FLEX-CAD 20 HaJIHeTCH a03MO)J{HOCTb C03.ll;aHIDI napaMeTpM'leCKMX c6opo'IHbIX qepTe)J{eH c HCilOJih30aaHHeM napaMeTpll'leCKMX qepTe)J{eH OT.ll;eJibHbIX .n:eTaJieH:, T. e. caH3hIBasI oT.11;eJibHb1e napaMeTpbI .n:eTaneH: Ha qepTe)J{ax (HanpMMep, .ll;MaMeTp aana M .ll;MaMeTp IlO.ll;IIIMilHMKa), MO)J{HO nony'IMTb napaMeTpmecKMH: c6opollHhIH qepTe)J{. IlpM co3.z:i;aHHH c6opoq-

206

HhIX qepTe)l(eH B eHeTeMe 06eeneqJ1BaeTe5I B03MO:>KHOeTb YAa.JieHH51 HeBH,!J,HMhIX JIHHHH npH nepeKphIBaHHH O,!J,HHX ,lJ,eTa.rreH: ,!J,pynt:MH. H3MeHeHHe napaMeTpOB e6opoqHoro qepTe)l(a npHBO)J,HT K H3MeHeHHIO napaMeTpOB Beex ero eoeTaBHhIX qaeTeH, IlpJ{qeM nonyqeHHe HOBOfO qepTe)l(a KOHeTpyia.J;HH 3aHHMaeT eqJITaHHhie eeKYff)J,bl. Henonb3oBaHHe napaMeTpHqeeKHX e6opoqHhIX qepTe)l(eif B eHeTeMe T-FLEX-CAD no3BOAAeT 6bieTpo H 3¢>¢>eKTHBHO nonyqaTh Tpe6yeMwe MOAH<l>HKaI.J;HH e6opKH, a TaKXe npoeKTHpoBaTh e6opoqHhIH qepTe)I( TaK, qT06bI npH pa3JIJlqHbIX yeJIOBH51X B Hero BXO)J,HJIH pa3Hhie )J,eTa.JIH. 3a)J.aB Tpe6yeMhie napaMeTpbl e6opKH, MO:>KHO MfHOBeHHO nonyqHTh roTOBhie pa6oqJ1e qepTe)l(H OT,lJ,eJihHhIX )J,eTa.rreH: H eneuH<t>HKaumo, o¢>opMJieHHYJO B eooTBeTeTBHH e ECKJJ:. IlpH H3MeHeHHH napaMeTpOB e6opKH aBTOMaTJ{qeeKH H3MeH51IOTe51 )J,aHHhie B eneuH<t>HKaUHH H ,!J,pyrHX ,!J,OKYMeHTaX. Col,lJ.aBBe -rpeXMepuwx TBep,zJ.OTeJiltHblX MO,ll,eJieii Hl,lJ.eJieii. ,[(ml eo3,lJ,aHH51 TpeXMepHoif MO)J,eJIH rrpoeKTHpyeMoro H3,lJ,eJIH51 ¢>HpMa «Torr CHeTeMhI» npe)J,JlaraeT eHeTeMY napaMeTpJ{qeeKoro TpeXMepHoro mep,lJ,OTeJibHoro MO)J,eJIHpoBaHH51 T- FLEX-CAD 3D, KOTopaH HBJI51eTeH JaKOHOMepHhIM pa3BHTHeM eHeTeMhl T-FLEX-CAD 2D H BKmoqaeT B ee651 Bee ee B03MO:>KHOeTH. <l>YHKUHOHa.JihHbie B03MO:>KHOeTH 3TOH eHeTeMbl II03BOJI51IOT epaBHHBaTb ee e nyqllIHMH HHOeTpaHHhlMH eHeTeMaMH TpeXMepHoro MO)J,eJIHPOBaHH51. IlOMHMO )J,OeTaTOqHoH <l>YHKUHOHa.JihHOeTH B o6naeTH TpeXMepHOro MO)J,eJIHPOBaHH51 eHeTeMa eo)J,epx1u B ee6e noJIHhIH Ha6op epe,lJ,eTB )J,JI5I ABYXMepHoro rrpoeKTHpoBaHH51 H o¢>opMJieHH51 qepTe:>KHOH ,!J,OKYMeHTaUHH. CRereMa T-FLEX-CAD 3D noeTpoeHa Ha reoMeTpJ{qeeKOM 51,lJ,pe Parasolid <l>HPMhI Unigraphies Solutions, KOTOpoe Herronb3yeTC51 B Be,!J,yIUHX eHcreMax no,!J,o6Horo MO,lJ,eJIHpoBaHH51. Mo,!J,eJIHpoBaHHe BT-FLEXCAD 3D MoxeT oeYllleCTBJI51ThC51 KaK Herroepe,!J,emeHHo B TpeXMepHOM npOCTpaHeTBe, TaK H Ha OCHOBe )J,aHHbIX )J,ByxMepHOfO qeprexa. IIpoeKTHPOBlll.HK MO)l(eT Bb16paTh mo6oH: H3 ene,!J,ylOlll.HX erroeo6oB pa60Thl B eHeTeMe T-FLEX-CAD 30 HJIH HX KOM6HHaumo: • Henoepe)J,eTBeHHOe e03)J,aHHe MO)J,eJIH B TpeXMepHOM rrpoeTpaHeTBe no npHHUHIIY pa6oqa51 IIJIOeKOeTh- 3eKH3-TBep)J,oe Teno; • HeIIOJib30BaHHe eYllleeTBYJOlll.ero ,!J,BYXMepHoro qepTexa )J,JI5I eo3)J,aHH51 TpeXMepHOH MO)J,eJIH. ,[(ml e03)1,aHH51 6a30BhIX 3JieMeHTOB H3)J,eJIHH HeIIOJib3yeTe51 eJie,!J,yIOlll.HH Ha6op onepauHH:: BhITa.JIKHBaHHe, BpameHHe H ,!J,p. ,[(ml rronyqeHH51 TOqHhIX qeprexeH: HerroJih3YJOTeH orrepauH51 rrpoeuRpoBaHH51 e y,lJ,a.rreHHeM HeBH)J,HMhIX JIHHHH H onepaUH51 rronyqeHH51 eet.feHHH H pa3pe30B. CHeTeMa T-FLEX-CAD 3D no)J,)J,ep)l(J{BaeT ABYHarrpaBJieHHYJO aeeouHaTHBHOeTh, T. e. rrpH H3MeHeHHH rrapaMeTpOB TpeXMepHOH MO)J,eJIH aBTOMaTH'leeKH o6HOBJI51IOTe51 Bee qepre)l(H. CHcreMa T-FLEX-CAD 3D noJBOAAeT pa6oTaTh He TOJihKO e OT)J,eJihHhIMH TpeXMepHhIMH OObeKTaMH, HOH e TpeXMepHbIMH e6opO'IHhl-

207

MH MO,ll.e.JUIMH. IlpH'leM MexaID13M napaMerpH'leCKOfO npoeKTHpOBmlIDI c6opoqHbIX MO,ll.eJieH npHMeHSieTC.Sl He TOJibKO B ,ll.ByxMepHOM qepqeHlrn, HO u: npu: npoeKTHpomnnrn 'l'peXMepHbIX c6opoqHbIX ofu.eKTOB. KoMIIJieKc T-FLEX-CAD MOXeT pa6oraTu co c6opKaMH, He o:rpaHHqeHHbIMH ql{CJIOM ,ll.eTaJieH H u:epapXHeH HX opraHH3all;IDI. Ilpu: 3TOM ,lJ.JI.Sl KIDl<;ll.OH ,ll.eTaJIH MO)KeT 6b1Tb Ha3HaqeH CBOH Marepu:an, 'ITO 6y.n.eT yqHTbIBaThC.Sl npu: pacqere Macc-HHepu;u:oHHhIX xapaKTepu:cTHK u: co3,ll.aHHH III'l'pHXOBOK B ceqeHIDIX npu: BhIIIOJIHeHHH qeprexeH: HJIH npoeKI.J;HH:. IlpoeKTIIpoBaHu:e MOXeT OCYIIIeCTBJI.SIThC.Sl KaK OT .n.eTaJIH K c6opKe, TaK u: Hao6opoT - OT c6opKH K .n.eTanu:. B 3TOM cnyqae KOHCTPYKTop co3.n.aeT npoeKT cpa3y KaK c6opoqHhlH. f eoMe'l'pH'!ecKHe 3JieMeHThl (:rpaHH, pe6pa H T.,ll..) .n.eTaneH:, npoeKTIIpyeMbIX B paMKax 0)1.HOH H TOH xe c6opKH, MOl)'T 6hlTh 11CIIOJih30BaHhl ,lJ.JI.Sl npoeKTu:poBaHH.Sl .n.pymx .n.eTaneH:. B mo6oH: MOMeHT qepTe)I{ .n.eTaJil1 MOXeT 6bITb BbI:rpyxeH B OT,ll.eJibHhlH <t>aH:JI ,lJ.JI.Sl 11CIIOJih30BaHH.Sl np11 BhlIIOJIHeHHl1 .n.pyrHX qepTexeH: HJil1 BCTaBKH B .n.pyr11e c6opKH. Ilpu: 3TOM OH OCTaeTC.Sl B 11CXO,ll.HOH c6opKe 11 6y.n.eT aBTOMaTH'!ecKH 06HOBJI.S1TbC.S1. 3-ro 03HaqaeT, ~o qepTex .n.eTaJIH B ynpmu;eHHOM BH,ll.e MO)l{HO 3a,ll.aTb B c6opKe, 3aTeM BhlrPY3HTb ero B oT.n.enhHhlH <t>aH:JI, .n.o6aBHTb c noMOiu;bIO onepau;u:H: Mo.n.en11poBaHH.S1 Heo6XO,ll.11Mble 3JieMeHTbl, IIOCJie qero OH aBTOMaTH'!eCKH 6y.n.eT OTKoppeKT11poBaH B c6opKe. To xe caMoe npou:3oH.n.eT 11 npu: npoeKTu:poBaH1111 B o6paTHOM HanpaBJieH1111. Ecnu: napaMe'l'pbI, onpe.n.eJI.S1101u;11e .n.eTaJib B c6opKe, H3MeHHTb, TO ee qepTe)I{ 6y.n.eT MO.n.11<1>11u;11poBaH He TOJibKO B c6opoqHoH MO,ll.eJI11, HO 11 B OT,ll.eJibHOM <t>aH:Jie, B KOTOpbIH OHa 6blJia Bhl:rpyxeHa. ,l(JUI KIDK,ll.OH .n.eTaJil1 c6opKH MO)l{HO 3a,ll.aTb nepeMeiu;eH11e, KOTOpoe 6y.n.eT yqHThlBaTbC.Sl np11 BblBO,ll.e Ha 3KpaH c6opKH B pa3o6paHHOM BH.D.e. C6opKY MO)l{HO pacce% IIJIOCKOCTbIO )1.JI.Sl rnro, qrn6h1 6blJio y.n.06Hee 11ccne.n.0BaTb ee BffYTPeHHIOIO CTPYKTYPY路 KoMIIJieKc T-FLEX-CAD II03BOAAeT np0Bep11Tb B3al1MHoe nepeceqeH11e KOMIIOHeHTOB c6opKH. 06'beMHbie MO,ll.eJIH, 'l'pe6yIOiu;He 60JibIIIHX pecypCOB, MO)l{HO 3aMeHl1Tb HX :rpa<t>H'leCKHM npe,ll.CTaBJieHHeM. CTPYKTYPa c6opKH oTcJie)l{l{BaeTc.H Ha .n.epeBe Mo.n.enu:, OT KOTopoH: MO)l{HO 6blCTpO nepeHTu: K ,ll.eTaJIH JII06oro ypOBIDI. Ilp11 3TOM KOMaH,ll.a $OTopeaJil1CTl1qHoro 11306paxeHH.Sl BbIBe,ll.eT KaqecTBeHHyIO KaPTHHKY c yqeToM MaTep11ana KIDK.D.OH .n.eTaJIH. Mo1u;Ha.H no.n.cu:cTeMa co3.n.aHH.S1 cneu;11$u:Kau;u:H: aBTOMaTH'!eCKH creHepu:pyeT cneu;u:$11Kau;l1IO, KOTOpa.Sl 6y.n.eT napaMe'l'pH'!eCKH CB.Sl3aHa c MO,ll.eJibIO. KoHTponbHble eonpocb1

1. KaKHe OCHOBHble <l>YHKIIHH qep'leHIDI MOryr BbIIIOJIHHTb nporpaMMHhle CHCTeMhl? 2. qTo npe,ncTaBJIHeT cofioj;j: MeTO,n napaMeTPH'lecKoro npoeKTHpoaattmr qepTe:lKej;j:? 3. qTO npe,ncTaBJIHeT cofioj;j: MeTO.n TBep.nOTeJibHOfO MO.D;eJIHpoBaHIDI?

r11a0a 15 TEXHOnon1s:1 ABTOMATlt131t1POBAHHOro nPOEKTlt1POBAHlt1s:I B Clt1CTEME AUTOCAD

15.1. TepMMHbl M onpe,qeneHMH Y'l1IThIBIDI, lfI'O «pouoHal.la.rrbHHKOM» coBpeMeHHhrx CAITP-K,ll 6bma pa3pa60TaHHasI qmpMo:H AutoDesk (CIIIA) cHcTeMa AutoCAD, 60nee ueTa.rrbHO TeXHonom10 pa6oTbI c CHCTeMo:H CAITP-K,ll paccMoTpHM Ha rrpHMepe AutoCAD. Ilpe)l()le Bcero rrpHBeueM ocHOBHbie TepMHHhl H orrpeueneHIDI, KOTOpbie He06XOllHMO 3HaTb IIPH pa6oTe co BCeMH CHCTeMaMH KOHCTpyicropcKoro rrpoeKTHpoBaHIDI. DXF (Data eXchange Format) - crren:Ha.rrhHhIB CHMBOJihHhIH <t>opMaT o6MeHa HH<t>opMan:HeH, pa3pa60TaHHblH llIDI CHCTeMbl AutoCAD. DWG - 3aKpbIThIH llBOHl.IHhIH <t>opMaT (co6cTBeHHOCTh <l>HPMhl Auto Desk). KpusOfl NURBS - KPHBasI, cocTOHIUasI H3 rnauKo cocTblKOBaHHhIX CIIJiaHHOB. A6coA10mHOfl cucmeMa Koopaunam - ueKaPTOBa cHcTeMa KoopuHHaT' Hal.la.JIO KOTopo:H HaxOL(HTCH B JieBOM HIDICHeM yrny llHa.JioroBoro OKHa, a OCH rrapaJIJieJibHbl ero CTOpOHaM. D03080fl mO'ilCO TO'IKa, OT KOTOpo:H OTC'IHTbIBaIOTCH pacCTOHHIDI, yrJibl H rrepeMeIUeHIDI rrpH orrepan:IDix KOIIHpOBaHIDI, IIOBOpOTa HJIH ue<t>opMaU:HH o6oeKTa. D0308blU o6oe1Cm - o6oeKT, KOTOpbIH HCIIOJib3yeTCH llIDI IIOCTpOeHIDI HJIH peuaKTHpoBaHIDI upyroro o6'beKTa. /(pU80fl Ee3be - KpHBasI, COCTOHIUasI H3 fJiaL(KO COCTbIKOBaHHbIX rroJIHHOMOB qeTBepTOro rropMKa. Kpa:HHHe TO"IKH 3TOH KpHBo:H JauaIOTCH IIOJib30BaTeJieM, a cpeL(HHe - BbNHCJIHIOTCH HCXOL(H H3 yCJIOBIDI HerrpepbIBHOCTH rrpOH3BOL(HOH KpHBOH H Jie:xraT Ha BeKTope 3TOH KpHBOH. Bee mo'iKU - Ko3<l><l>Hn:HeHT, orrpeueJIHIOIUHH BJIHHHHe orropHo:H TO"IKH KpHBo:H NURBS Ha KOH<l>Hrypan:HIO 3TOH KPHBOH. qeM 6oJihIIIe Bee TO"IKH, TeM 6JIIDKe K He:H pacrroJIO:x<:eHa KpHBasI. Bua - cocTaBHasI 1.1acTb qePTe:x<:a (He TOJihKO KaKasI-JIH6o rrpoeKU:HH, HO H JII06oe H30JIHPOBaHHOe H306pa:x<:eHHe). BneumRJl nepeMeHHOfl - rrepeMeHHasI, 3aL(aHHasI llIDI rrapaMeTpH1.1ecKoro 1.1ep1.1eHHH (rrapaMeTpHl.lecKoro <t>parneHTa 1.1epTe:x<:a). B JaBHCHMOCTH OT 3Hal.leHHH BHeIIIHHX rrepeMeHHbIX rrepeC'IHTblBaIOTCH CBH3aHHbie c HHMH rrapaMeTpbI HOBoro qepTe:x<:a. FpaHb - rnauKasi:, He o6H3aTeJibHO IIJIOCKasI 1.1acTh rroBepXHOCTH ueTa.rrH.

209

J(epe60 nocmpoeHUR -

OKHO, B KOTOpOM OTPIDKaeTC.H nocnei:i;oBa-

TeJibHOCTb nocTPoemrn TPeXMepHoti: Moi:i;emi:.

KoHmyp -

coBOKYJIHOCTb nocnei:i;oBaTeJibHO coei:i;1rneHHbIX rpa<l>tt-

qecKHx o6'beKTOB (OTPe3KOB,

;zyr u:

i:i;p.).

JlUHUR O'lepKa - rpaHHUa npoeKUHH i:i;eTaJIH Ha IlJIOCKOCTb 3KpaHa. JlOKa.JlbHaJl cucmeMa KOopauHam - CHCTeMa KOOPAHHaT c npOH3BOJibHbIMH HaqaJibHOti: ToqKoti: H yrJIOM IlOBOpOTa oceti: (HHori:i;a ee Ha3bIBaIOT IlOJib30BaTeJibCKOti: CHCTeMoti: KOOP.ll:HHaT).

MaKp03/leMeHm -

06'beKT, BXO,ll;.HIUHH B COCTaB rpa<t>}fqeCKOro pe-

i:i;aKTopa (pa3Mep, o6o3HaqeHtte 11 3HaqeHtte i:i;onycKa <t>opMbI, rnepoxoBaTOCTb IlOBepXHOCTH H i:i;p.).

IIpu6R3Ka -

MexaHH3M, no3BOAAIOIUHti: ToqHo 3aAaTb nonoxeHtte

KYIJCopa, Bb16paB nptt 3TOM ycnoBHH ero no3HUHOHttpoBaHH.H.

CemKa -

nep11oi:i;ttqeCKH pacnonoxeHHbie Ha 3KpaHe ToqKH c 3a-

i:i;aHHbIM rnaroM (06ecneq11BaeT y;::i:o6cTBO IIOCTPOeHH.H qepTexa).

C!lou -

ypoBeHb, Ha KOTopoM pa3MeiuaeTc.H qacTb o6neKToB qep-

Texa. Pa6oTa co CJIO.HMH nptt aBTOMann11poBaHHOM npoeKTttpoBaHHH qepTexa aHaJIOfffqHa HaJIOXeHHIO i:i;pyr Ha i:i;pyra KaJieK npH npoeKTHpoBaHHH qepTexeti: Ha KYJibMaHe. Tello aemOAU - o6JiaCTb, orpaH}fqeHHM rpaH.HMH i:i;eTaJIH.

<l>pai!MeHm -

qacTb qepTexa 6e3 paMKH, MaKp03JieMeHTOB H Tex-

HttqeCKHX TPe6oBaHttti:.

l/epmeJIC u3aeJlUR -

BbIIlOJIH.HeTC.H Ha JIHCTe H o<t>opMJI.HeTC.H B co-

OTBeTCTBHH c ECK,ll 3CKU3 - IlJIOCKM <l>ttrypa, Ha OCHOBe KOTOpoti: 06pa3yeTC.H o6'beMHblti: 3JieMeHT.

15.2.

06~Me CB9A9HMJI 0 CMCTeMe

CttcTeMa AutoCAD, pa3pa60TaHHM .ll:Jl.H rn11p0Koro Kpyra IIOJib30BaTeneti:, npei:i;Ha3HaqeHa .ll:Jl.H aBTOMaTtt3aUHH pa3pa6oTKH KOHCTPYKrnpcKoti: Ll;OKyMeHTaUHH. IJpttqHHa 60JibilIOH nonyAApHOCTH CHCTeMbl AutoCAD -

ee OTKpbITOCTb, T. e. B03MO)l(HOCTb pa3pa6oTKH Ha ee 6a3e

co6CTBeHHbIX npHKJiaLl;HbIX naKeTOB nporpaMM, B KOTOpbIX HCilOJib3YeTC.H ttH)l(eHepHM rpa<l>ttKa. CttcTeMa AutoCAD npei:i;crnBJI.HeT co6oti: CBoero po;::i:a rpa<t>}fqeCKOe .H;::i:po, B KOTOpOM peaJIH30BaHbl MHOrHe <l>YHKUHH, crreu11<t>11qecKHe .ll:Jl.H HH)l(eHepHoti: rpa<l>ttKH. Ha6op 3THX <l>YHKUHH MOXeT 6b1Tb 3<l><l>eKTHBHO HCIIOJib30BaH .ll:Jl.H pa3IlttqHbIX npHJIO)l(eHHH H TaKXe nerKO MOXeT 6bITb MOAH<l>HUHPOBaH H pacrnttpeH. Ilocnei:i;H.H.H (Ha MOMeHT IlOLl;fOTOBKH PYKOITHCH) BepcH.H CHCTeMbl AutoCAD -

AutoCAD

2000.

PaccMOTPHM cJieAYIOIUHe xapaKTepHCTHKH 3JieMeHTOB cttcTeMbI AutoCAD: • BH,ll;bl npttMeH.HeMbIX KOOp,ll;HHaT; • BH,ll;bl npHMeH.HeMbIX pa3MepHOCTeti: JIHHeti:Hbrx H yrJIOBbIX pa3MepoB;

210

• rpaqmqecirn:e B03MO)l(}{OCTM; • BCTIJOeHHbIH H3blK rrporpaMMMPOBaHMH; • <t>a:H.rroByio CMCTeMY.

Ba,nw npHMeHJ1eMblX Koop,z:umaT.

Koop.uwHaThI B AutoCAD xpaHHT-

cH BO BttyrpeHHeM <t>opMaTe KaK qwcJia c IIJiaBa10111ei1 TOqKoH .UBOHHOH TOqHOCTM (.UBeHa.uUaTb 3HaqaIIIMX qwceJI M MaHTMCCa). llo3TOMY .uwarra30H KOOp,llMHaT BeCbMa BeJIMK. Koop,llMHaTbl BBOMTCH M OT06paJKaIOTCH B y.uo6HOM .llJIH rronb3oBaTeJIH BM.Ile. BM.ll Koop.uwHaT B rrpouecce KOHCTPYlf POBaHMH IIOJih30BaTeJih MO)l(eT 3a,llaBaTh M M3MeHHTh. AutoCAD MO)l(eT pa6oTaTh B apXMTeKTYPHhIX, .upo6HhIX, .uecHTlfqHhIX, MH)l(eHepHbIX M HayqHhIX CMCTeMax rrpe)l;CTaBJieHMH JIMHeHHbIX pa3MepoB. KpoMe Toro, MO)l(}{O BhI6paTh cJie.ll)'IOIIIMe BM.llhI rrpe)l;cTaBJieHMH YfJIOBbIX BeJilfqMH: rpa.uyCbl/MMH)"Tbl/CeKYH.llbl, rpa,llbl, .uecHTlfqHbie rpa.uyChl, pa.uMaHbl, TOIIOrpa<t>wqecirn:e e,llMHMUbl.

Ba,nw npeMenaeMYX pa3MepnocTeii JieneiinYX e yrJIOBhlX eeJ11111en. B

cwcTeMe AutoCAD ToqHoCTh oTo6paJKeHMH JIMHeHHhIX M yrnoBhIX

pa3MepoB orrpe)l;eJIHeTCH KaK M B qlfCJIOBbIX <t>opMaTax .uaHHhIX, qwcJIOM 3HaKOB IIOCJie 3aIIHTOH (HO He 6onee BOCbMM 3HaKOB). llpM BblBO)l;e qepTe)l(a Ha rreqaTh MJIM BCTaBKe roTOBbIX 6JIOKOB B TeKYruee M306paJKeHMe MMeeT 3HaqeHMe pa3MepHOCTb JIMHeHHbIX BeJilfqlfH.

B CMCTeMe AutoCAD MMeeTcH B03MO)l(}{OCTh Bb16paTh M3 crrttcKa BM.llhI rrpMMeHHeMhIX pa3MepHocTei1: 6e3pa3MepHbie, .UIOHM, MMKPO.UIOHM, <l>YT, MMJIH, aHfCTIJeM, HaHOMeTIJ, MMKpOH, MMJIJIMMeTIJ, caHTMMeTIJ, .ueuwMeTIJ, MeTIJ, KMJIOMeTp, .ueKaMeTp, reKToMeTIJ, rwraMeTIJ, Hp)];, CBeTOBOH ro.u, rrapceK.

rpaci»ll'leCKHe B03MOlKHOCTH.

fpa<t>wqecKaH CMCTeMa AutoCAD II0-

3BOJIHeT KOHCTIJYKTOPY M3)l;eJIMH: • C03.UaBaTh ttepapmqecKtte MO)l;eJIM o6beKTOB ( 06ecrreq11BaTh B03MO)l(}{OCTh cerMeHTaUMM), rrpwqeM c HeorpaHwqeHHbIM qlfCJIOM ypoBHeH wepapXMM. CerMeHThI MOfYT MMeTh paJJilfqHhie MacnITa6b1, YfJihI IIOBOpOTa, 3epKaJibHbie OT06paJKemrn . • 3a cqeT pa3BMTOH CMCTeMbl aTIJM6YTOB .llOIIOJIHHTb rpa<t>wqecirn:e Mo.uentt o6beKTa Herpa<t>wqecKoii ttH<l>opMauweii. HarrpwMep, rpa<t>wqecKoe M306paJKeHMe pe3MCTOpa Ha c6opoqHOM qepTe)l(e MO)l(}{O )l;OIIOJIHMTb Herpa<t>wqecKOH MH<l>OpMauweii: CBe)l;eHMHMM 0 ero HOMMHaJie, TMIIe, fOCTe, rrpe.urrpMHTMM-IIOCTaBIIIMKe M T.,ll. llpwqeM Herpa<t>wqecKaH MH<t>opMaUMH MO)l(eT BblBO)l;MTbCH Ha qepTe)l(e B BM.Ile TeKCTa, a MO)l(eT 6bITb M HeBM,llMMOH; • pa60TaTb KaK c IIJIOCKOH (.UByxMepHOH), TaK Mc o6beMHOH (TIJeXMepHOH) rpa<t>MKOH. llpwqeM IIPM .UByxMepHOM rrpoeKTMpoBaHMM MO)l(}{O rrpMMeHHTb KaK .ueKapTOBy, TaK M IIOAAPHYJO CMCTeMbl KOOp.llMHaT. llpM TIJeXMepHOM rrpoeKTMPOBaHMM MO)l(}{O IIOJiyqaTh IIJIOCKHe rrpoeKUMM, ceqeHMH M BM,llbl B HarrpaBJieHMM B3fJIH)l;a, qTO IIIMPOKO rrpMMeHHeTCH B apXMTeKTYPHhIX qepTe)l(ax;

211

• rrpHMeIDITb IIIHpoKHH: crreICTp u;BeTOBOro ocpopMJiemra qepTexeH:, T. e. ceMb OCHOBHbIX U:BeTOB Heme .uo

256 Pa3JI}lqttblX u;BeTOBbIX OTTeH-

KOB; • H3MeIDITb H C03,UaBaTb HOBbie Memo ,llIDI pa60Tbl c CHCTeMoif; • HCIIOJib30BaTb HaJIJlqHe YHHBepcaJibHOfO IIPHMHTHBa -

IIOJIHJIH-

HHH (JIOMaHOH JIHHHH). IlpH 3TOM cerMeHTbl IIOJIHJIHHHH MOryT 6bITb OTPe3KaMH H .uyraMH H HMeTb pa3Hble HaqaJibH}'IO H KOHeqH}'IO IIIHpH-

HY,

a yrJibI JIOMaHoif JIHHHH Moryr 6b1Tb cKpyrneHbI c 3a,aaHHbIM pa-

.u11ycoM 3aKpyrneHm1; • HCIIOJib30BaTb MHOXeCTBa pa3H006pa3HbIX IIIpHcpTOB, B TOM q11cJie H pyccKHX.

B CHCTeMe

HMeeTCR TaKXe B03MO)l(HOCTb C03,UaHHR HO-

BbIX IIIpHcpTOB B .UOIIOJIHeHHe K CYIIleCTBYJOIIlHM. IlpH 3TOM mo6oH: IIIpHcpT MO)l(HO BbIBO,UHTb MO,UHcpHIJ;HpOBaHHbIM ( C pa3HbIM COOTHOIIIeHHeM BbICOThI, IIIHPHHbI 11 yrna HaKJIOHa).

B cTaH,UapTHhlX rnp11cprnx

HMeIOTCR crreu;HaJibHbie 3HaKH, HCIIOJib3yeMbie B MaIIIHHOCTPOHTeJibHbIX H apXHTeKTYPHbIX qepTexax (.UHaMeTPa, rrapaJIJieJibHOCTH, coocHOCTH, ,UOrryCKOB H T.,U.).

BcTpoeHHwi RlblK nporpaMMBpoeaHHR.

AutoCAD HMeeT BCTPOeH-

HbIH R3bIK rrporpaMMHpOBaHHR HHCII, IIpHMeIDieMbIH ,llIDI rrporpaMMHpOBaHHR <l>YHKu:HH no yrrpaBJieHHIO H C03.UaHHIO H306paxeHHH, He rrpe.uyCMOTPeHHbIX B CHCTeMe, B TOM q11cJie <l>YHKu:HH yrrpaBJieHHR ,llIDI .ueMOHCTPaU:HH (rrpe3eHTaU:HH) pa3pa6o~HKOM CBoero rrpoeKTa. 3TOT R3blK 06ecrreq11BaeT B03MO)l(HOCTb 3aIIOMHHaHHR, 6bICTPOfO BbIBO,Ua Ha 3KpaH H306paxeHHH, a TaKXe rrporpaMMHPOBaHHR HX IIOCJie,UOBaTeJibHOCTH H BpeMeHH IIOKa3a. lfcIIOJib30BaHHe HHCII 06ecrreq11BaeT paCIIIHpeHHe B03M0)1(HOCTeH HMeIOIIlHXCR pe)l(HMOB IIPHBR3KH 06beKTOB, HarrpHMep 1103BOJIReT IIOBbICHTb TOqHOCTb KOOP.UHHaT, BBe,UeHHbIX c 60JibIIIHMH rrorpeIIIHOCTRMH. IlOBbIIIIeHHe TOqHOCTH pe)l(HMOB rrpHBR3KH II03BOJIReT H36eraTb B03MO)l(HOH HeCTbIKOBKH 3JieMeHTOB H3o6paxeHHR rrp11 JII06oM YBeJI11qeHHH HX Ha 3KpaHe H IIOJiyqaTb TOqH}'IO MO,UeJib o6beKTa rrpH rrpocTOM (T.e. HeroqHoM) BBo.ue KOOP.UHHaT rpacp}lqeCKHM KYPCOpoM (c HCIIOJib30BaHHeM MblIIIH).

<l>aii.ooeaR CBCTeMa. AutoCAD o6bNHO 3aIIHCblBaeTCR Ha xecTKoM ,UHcKe 2000 HJIH c:\ACAD H rrpe.ucTaBJIReTCR 60JibillHM qJICJIOM cpaifJIOB (6onee 1000). (B11mecrepe) B rraIIKe (,UHpeKTOpHH) c:\Program files\AutoCAD

<l>aHJibl c O.UHHM THIIOM HHcpopMaU:HH, HMeIOIIlHe O.UHHaKOBOe pacIllHpeHHe HMeHH, crpyrrrrHpOBaHbl B rrarrKH. IlpHBe,UeM HeCKOJibKO TaKHX paCIIIHpeHHH: acad.exe .dwg .dwt .shx -

3arpy3oqHaR roJIOBHaR rrporpaMMa;

cpaH:JI qepTexa; cpaH:JI rna6noHa; cpaH:JI rnp11cprn;

.mnu -

CHMBOJibHbIH cpaH:JI MeHIO;

.mnx -

.UBOJlqHbIH cpaH:JI MeHIO.

212

B rrepayio oqepe.uh rrpe.ucTaBJUIIOT HHTepec cne.uyiow;we rrarrKH:

c: \Program files \Auto CAD 2000\ Template -

Ha6op rna6noHOB qep-

Texe:H.;

c:\Programfiles\AutoCAD 2000\Fonts - Ha6op rnpmjnoa; c:\Programjiles\AutoCAD 2000\Sample - rrpHMepbI qepTexe:H.; c:\Programfiles\AutoCAD 2000\Tutorial - ypmrn: o6yqemrn; c:\Program files\AutoCAD 2000\Support - <t>a:H.nbI MeHIO, cHcTeMHhIX IIIPH<l>TOB H coxpaHemrn pa6oqwx HaCTPOeK. B cwcTeMHOM pa3,aene (Karnnore) (c:\program files\AutoCAD 2000) xpaHHTCH TOJibKO CHCTeMHbie (He I10Jlb30BaTeJibCKHe) <t>a:H.Jibl, H AutoCAD aaToMaTnqecKH 3arpyxaeT ace Heo6xo.uHMhie rrporpaMMHhie KOMITOHeHTbl H3 3TOf0 pa3,aena. IlOJib30BaTeJIH pa6oTaIOT o6hNHO B CBOHX I10Jlb30BaTeJibCKHX pa3.uenax (Karnnorax). AutoCAD 3arrHCbIBaeT qepTex a <t>a:H.JI c yi<:a3aHHhIM I10Jlb30BaTeJieM HMeHeM B pa3,UeJI I10Jlb30BaTeJIH H .uo6aBJIHeT K HeMY paCIIIHpeHHe .dwg, KOTopoe orrpe,aeJIHeT' qTO B 3TOM <t>a:H.ne HaXO.UHTCH qepTe)I( B <t>opMaTe. ECJIH I10Jlb30BaTeJib pa3pa60TaJI caoe MeHIO, OTJIHqHoe OT CTaH.uapTHOfO, TO OHO TaKXe 6y.ueT xpaHHTbCH B pa3.uene I10Jlb30BaTeJIH a <t>a:H.ne c pacrnwpeHHeM .mnu, a rrocne TpaHCJIHI.J;HH co3.uacT <t>a:H.JI c paCIIIHpeHHeM .mnx.

15.3. OcHOBHble noHHTMH, npMMeHHeMble npM pa6oTe B CMCTeMe AutoCAD PaccMOTPHM ocHOBHhle rroHHTHH, rrpHMeHHeMbie a AutoCAD: qepTex, rna6JIOH, HJIH rrpOTOTHil qepTexa, rpa<t>wqecKHH rrpHMHTHB, 6JIOK, o6'beKT. lfepme:HC - 3TO rpa<t>HqecKaH Mo.uenh rrpoeKTHpyeMoro o6'beKTa. KaK rrpaBHJIO, o6'beKTOM rrpoeKTHpoaaHHH HBJIHeTcH qepTex H3.uenHH B 06b1qHoM IlOHHMaHHH. IIIa6/loH, U/lU npomomun ~epme:HCa, - 3TO <t>a:H.JI, co.uepxaw;w:H. rrpoo6pa3 (3afOTOBKY) HOBOfO qepTexa, rrpwqeM rrpOTOTHil qepTexa MOxeT co.uepxaTh rpa<t>nqecKyK> Mo.uenh aHanora rrpoeKTHpyeMoro H3.UeJIHH. IlpoTOTHrr MoxeT He co.uepxaTh BH,UHMoro H3o6paxeHHH. B TaKOM «rryCTOM» rrpOTOTHITe MOryT 6b1Tb orrpe.ueneHhl TOJibKO HeKOTOpbie rrapaMeTPhI qepTexa, HarrpHMep mar rrepeMew;eHHH Kypcopa, pa3Mep ITOJIH, BbIBO.UHMOfO Ha 3KpaH, rrpH3HaK BKJIIOqeHHH .UHCKpeTHOH ceTKH, HMH <t>a:H.na MeHIO, rpaHHI.J;bl caMoro qepTexa, THilbl JIHHHH, CTHJIH IIIPH<l>Toa, crroco6b1 rrpocTaBJieHHH pa3Mepoa, pe)l(HMhI pa6oThI (e.UHHHI.J;bl H3MepeHHH, rrpHBH3KH BBo.ua KOOP.UHHaT H T.,U.). B KaqecTae rrpoTOTHrra MO)l(HO HCITOJih30BaTh rrycToif 6naHK qepTexa c OCHOBHbIMH Ha,UITHCHMH (IIITaMrraMH). IlpH C03,UaHHH HOBOfO qepTexa Ha OCHOBe rrpOTOTHITa, OH aBTOMaTM:qeCKH KOITHpyeTCH B HO-

213

BhIM qepTe:xc Ecm1 xe rrpoTOTHII He )'Ka3aH, HCIIOJih3yeTcH no )'MO.Jl'IaHHIO «IIyCTOM» CHCTeMHhIM rrpoTOTHII ACAD.dwt. AutoCAD rrocrnrurneTCH c 6oJihIIIHM qHcJioM rrpoTOTHIIOB, co,D;epxa111HX pa3JIHqHbie <f>opMaTbl 6JiaHKOB qepTexe:H, COOTBeTCTByIOillHX Tpe6oBaHHHM Me)l()zyHapO,D;HhIX CTaH,D;apTOB, HO, K COXaJieHHIO, He BCer,IJ;a OTBeqa10111HX pOCCHMCKHM TPe6oBaHHHM. qT06bI BKJIIOqHTh B CHCTeMY rrpoTOTHIIhl 6JiaHKOB qepTexe:H, OTBeqa10111HX TPe6oBaHHHM oTeqecTBeHHo:H ECK,[(, Heo6xo,IJ;HMO HaCTPOHTh CHCTeMHhIM rrpoToTHII ACAD.dwt.

I'pa</JuzteCJ<:uu npuMumu6 -

3TO 3JieMeHTapHaH qacTm1a qepTexa,

KOTOPYIO HeJih3H pa36HTh Ha MeHhIIIHe cocTaBJUIIOIIIHe.

paCTPOBo:H

rpa<f>HKe 3JieMeHTapHOM qacTHIIeM H306paxeHHH HBJUieTCH TQqKa (IIHKcen), a B BeKTopHo:H -

JIHHHH, rrpHMoyroJihHHK, OKPyxttOCTh, ,IJ;yra,

KPYf, KOJihIIO, c<f>epa, KOHyC, HT. II. fpa<f>HqecKHM rrpHMHTHBOM TaKxe MOryT C.JIY)l(HTh o6'beKTbl, BCTaBJieHHhie H3 ,D;pyrHX <t>a:HJIOB. KoMaH,IJ;hI coJ,IJ;aHHH rpa<f>HqecKHx rrpHMHTHBOB crpyrrrrHpoBaHhI B rryttKTe MeHIO

Draw-

qepTHTh (pHcoBaTh).

L(mI rrpocrnro

rpa<f>Hqec-

Koro rrpHMHTHBa xapaKTepHbl CJie,IJ;yI0111He CBOMCTBa: HMH CJIOH, IIBeT H THII JIHHHH, TOJIIIIHHa JIHHHH. CJIO)l(Hhie rpa<t>lfqeCKHe rrpHMHTHBhI (TaKHe, KaK TeKCT, pa3Mep, IIITPHXOBKa) HMeIOT 60JihIIIOe KOJIHqeCTBO ,IJ;OIIOJIHHTeJibHhIX CBOMCTB.

E1w1<:

(Block) -

3TO rpyrrrra rpa<f>HqecKHX rrpHMHTHBOB, o6'he,IJ;HHeH-

HhIX B e,IJ;HHoe 11enoe, HarrpHMep ,ll.IDI ,IJ;aJihHe:HIIIe:H BCTaBKH. Kax,D;hIM 6noK HMeeT HMH. JI106o:H paHee coJ,IJ;aHHhlli <t>a:HJI qePTexa MO)l(HO TaK xe, KaK 6JIOK, BCTaBJUITh B TeKYIIIHM qepTeX. IlpH 3TOM aBTOMaTHqeCKH C03,IJ;aeTCH HOBhIM 6JIOK c HMeHeM, COOTBeTCTByIOillHM HMeHH <t>a:HJia. IlpH BCTaBKe 6noKa (KoMaH,IJ;a

Insert)

,IJ;eJiaeTcH cchmKa Ha Hero,

KaK Ha rpa<f>HqecKyIO IIO,D;IIporpaMMY, aero 6a30BaH TOqKa COBMe111aeTCH c TOqKOM BCTaBKH 6JIOKa. DJIOK MO)l(HO orrpe,D;eJIHTh B TeKYIIIeM <f>a:HJie c IIOMOillhlO KOMaH,IJ;bl

06oeKm -

Block.

3TO rpa<f>HqecKHe rrpHMHTHBhl H 6JIOKH.

15.4. MeTOA011onu1 o6beKTHoro npoeKT111poeaHMJ1 113 orrpe,D;eJieHHH 06'beKTa CTaHOBHTCH oqeBH,IJ;HhIM, qTO OCHOBOM TeXHOJIOfHH pa60Thl B CHCTeMe AutoCAD 5IBIDieTC5! pa6oTa c o6'beKTaMH.

B o6meM BH,IJ;e MeTo,IJ;onorHH o6neKTHoro rrpoeKTHpoBaHHH cBo-

,IJ;HTCH K pa3pa60TKe

zpa</Juztec1<:ou MoaeJlu 06oe1<:ma.

fpa<f>HqeCKaH MO,IJ;eJib TaK xe, KaK H MaTeMaTHqecKaH MO,IJ;eJib, CJIY)l(HT ,ll.IDI OIIHCaHHH KOHKpeTHOfO o6'beKTa (rpa<t>HqeCKOro IIPHMHTHBa).

B rpa<f>HqeCKo:H Mo,IJ;eJIH rpa<f>HqeCKHe rrpHMHTHBhI cooTBeTCTByIOT

qacTHM H3,IJ;eJIHH (qepTexa), a rrapaMeTPhI H3,IJ;eJIHH JIH60 COOTBeTCTBYIOT rrapaMeTPaM rpa<f>HqecKHX rrpHMHTHBOB, JIH6o MOryT 6bITh orrpe,IJ;eJieHbI qepe3 rrapaMeTPhI rpa<f>HqeCKHX rrpHMHTHBOB H HX CB5!3H Me)l()l;y co6o:H (HarrpHMep, qepe3 B3aHMopacrronoxeHHe).

214

B KOHeqHoM cqeTe rpa<t>WieCKllil MO.IJ;eJib OIUICbIBaeT CBOHCTBa KOHM qeM 60Jib11Ie xapaKTepHcTHK H CBoM:crn

KpeTHOro H3;::i:emrn (qepTe)l(a).

H3,IJ;emrn OTpaxaeT rpa<t>WieCKllil Mo;::i:eJib, TeM oHa rroJIHee. 0.IJ;HaKO oqeHb TPYAHO COCTaBHTh MO.IJ;eJib, BCecropOHHe OIIHCbIBaIOnzyro H3.IJ;eJIHe, II03TOMY, KaK rrpaBHJIO, MO.IJ;eJib OTPaxaeT B OCHOBHOM KaKYJO-TO OllHY rpyrrrry ero CBOHCTB (HarrpHMep, MO.IJ;eJib KOHCTPYKIJ:HH, 3JieKTPOllHHaMWieCKllil MO.IJ;eJib, TeIIJIOBllil MO.IJ;eJib H ;::i:p.). Mo;::i:eJib MO)l(eT OTPaxaTb KaK 3Haqemrn rrapaMeTPOB H CBOHCTB 06'beKTa, TaK H HX B3aHMOCBH3b. IIpocTeHIIIHM rrpHMepoM MO.IJ;eJIH MO)l(eT CJIY)l(HTb rpa<l>HK, Ha KOTOpOM H306paxeHa CBH3b .IJ;Byx xapaKTepHCTHK 06'beKTa HJIH 3aBHCHMOCTb rrapaMeTPa o6'beKTa OT BHelIIHero B03.IJ;eHCTBHH (BpeMeHH, TeMrrepaTYPbI HT. II.).

3zy )l(e

CBH3b xapaKTepHCTHK 06'beKTa MO)l(HO OT0-

6pa3HTb, COCTaBlrn MaTeMaTWieCKYJO MO.IJ;eJib, T. e. CHCTeMY ypaBHeHHH. IlpHMepoM .IJ;OCTaTOqHo IIOJIHOH rpa<t>WieCKOH MO.IJ;eJIH MO)l(eT CJIY)l(HTb qepTe)I( ;::i:eTaJIH HJIH c6opoqHOH e.IJ;HHHI.J;bI, KOTOpbIH rrpe;::i:Ha3HaqeH llJIH xpaHeHHH H rrepe;::i:aqH rrpoeKTHOH HH<l>opMaI.J;HH BCeM CJIY)l(6aM rrpe;::i:rrpHHTHH, pa6omIOII.J;HM c KOHCTPYKTOPCKOH llOKYMeHTaI.J;HeM: (TeXHOJIOraM - llJIH rrpoeKTHPOBaHHH TeXHOJIOrWieCKHX rrpou;ecCOB, KOHCTPYKTOpaM -

)l)UI rrpoeKTHpoBaHHH pa3JIW!HbIX rrpHCIIO-

co6JieHHH H HHCTPYMeHTa, pa6oqHM qecKHx orrepau;nu).

llJIH BbIIIOJIHeHHH TeXHOJiorH-

2paqJU11eCKaJ/. M00€Jlb U30€JlWl u npaKmu11ecKu pa6H03HO'IHbte o6oeKmbt npoeKmupo6aHwt.

IlpH 06'beKTHOM rrpoeKTHpOBaHHH

e20 11epmeJ1C -

AutoCAD

2000

co3;::i:aHHe MO.IJ;eJIH H3.IJ;eJIHH H Mo;::i:eJIH ero qepTe)l(a

COBMeII.J;eHbI B O.IJ;HOM rrpou;ecce pe;::i:aKTHPOBaHHH H o6e MO.IJ;eJIH MOryT xpaHHTbCH B O.IJ;HOM <t>aM:Jie, llJIH qero B pa6oqeM: 30He BBe.IJ;eHbI 3aKJla.IJ;KH

MoiJeJlb H Jlucm.

fpa<t>wqecKllil MO.IJ;eJib (a COOTBeTCTBeHHO H KOOp.IJ;HHaTbI Bcex rpa<t>WieCKHX rrpHMHTHBOB) CJIY)l(HT OCHOBOH )l)UI HCKmoqeHHH OIIIH60K rrpH aBTOMaTWieCKOH rrpocTaHOBKe pa3MepoB Ha qepTe)l(e. IlpH 3TOM

pa3M€pbt, a CJleOo6ameflbHO, u pa3MepHbte JlUHUU Jl6JIRIOmCJl U36btmO'IHOU umjJopMau,ueu llJIH rpa<t>WieCKOH MO.IJ;eJIH, TaK KaK OHH yxe 3aJIO)l(eHbI B Koop;::i:HHaTax rpa<t>wqecKHX rrpHMHTHBOB. PaJMepbI B 3TOM cnyqae rrpocTaBJIHIOTCH B IIOJIYaBTOMaTWieCKOM pe)l(HMe, T. e. IIOJlb30BaTeJIIO Heo6XOllHMO JIHIIIb YKa3aTb, Me)l(lly KaKHMH TOqKaMH Ha.IJ;O rrpocTaBHTb pa3Mep, a pa3MepHyIO JIHHHIO co CTPeJIKaMH H pa3MepHoe qwcJio cHcTeMa AutoCAD HapwcyeT aBTOMaTWiecKH. fpa<t>wqecKHe Mo;::i:eJIH qepre)l(ett cJiyxaT MH xpaHeHHH H rrepe;::i:aqw HH<l>opMaI.J;HH Ha pa3JIHqHbIX CTa.IJ;HHX rrpoeKTHPOBaHHH OT O.IJ;HOH rrporpaMMbI K ;::i:pyroM:, HarrpHMep OT rpa<t>WiecKoro pe;::i:aKTopa K rrporpaMMe rro;::i:roTOBKH HH<l>opMaI.J;HH llJIH reHepaTopa H306paxeHHH, BbIIIYCKa <t>oT011Ia6JIOHa, H3rDTOBJieHHH rreqaTHOH IIJiaTbI HJIH IIOCTrrpou;eccopa, <t>opMHpyIOII.J;ero yrrpaBJIHIOII.J;yIO rrporpaMMY o6pa6oTKH ;::i:eTaJIH Ha CTaHKe c rrporpaMMHbIM yrrpaBJieHHeM.

215

f paqm1:1ecirn:e

MO;::i:em1 COCTaBIDIIOTCR B HeKOTOphIX a6CTPaKTHhIX

e;::i:HHHIJ;ax MHHhI (llHCKpeTax)' TaK KaK HMeHHO B 3THX e;::i:HHHIJ;ax H orrpe;::i:eneHhI KOOPllHHaThl Bcex BXO)J;RIIJ;HX B MO)J;eJih rpa<f;>H1:1eCKHX rrpHMHTHBOB. Ilo3TOMY IIOJih30BaTeJib llOIDKeH 3apaHee ycTaHOBHTh pa3MepHOCTh, T. e. COOTBeTCTBHe e;::i:HHHIJ; MHHhI rpa<f;>H1:1eCKOM MO;::i:enH peanhHhIM pa3MepaM o6beKTa.

HeKOTOphIX CAIIP 3TO cornarneHHe yxe )l(eCTKO orrpe.ueneHo:

HaIIpHMep, rpa<f;>H1:1eCKaR MO;::i:enh MO)l(eT COCTaBIDIThCR B MHnnHMeTpax, MeTPaX H llHCKpeTax, paBHhIX

1,25

MM.

1:1acTHOCTH B cHcTeMe AutoCAD Bcne;::i:cTBHe B03MO)l(HOCTH HC-

IIOJih30BaHHR 60JihIIIOfO )J;HaIIa30Ha 3Ha1:1eHHM IIOCTPOeHHe MO)l(eT BhIIIOJIHRThCR B peanbHhIX pa3Mepax, II03TOMY perneHHe Borrpoca 0 COOTBeTCTBHH e;::i:HHHIJ; )J;JIHHhI rpa<f;>H1:1eCKOM MO;::i:enH peanbHhIM pa3MepaM 1:1epTe)l(a BOJnO)l(eHO Ha IIOJih30BaTeJIR, T.e. OH caM pernaeT, qeMY )J;On)l(Ha 6bITh paBHa e;::i:HHHu;a )J;JIHHhI.

CooTBeTCTBHe rpacl»1111ecKHX npHMHTHBOB 3JieMeHTaM 11evre1Ka.

Co-

rnarnem1e 0 COOTBeTCTBHH orrpe;::i:eneHHhIX rpa<f;>H1:1eCKHX rrpHMHTHBOB (pa3MepoB, reoMeTPHH, <f;>opMhI, THIIa JIHHHM H ;::i:p.) KOHCTPYKTHBHhIM rrapaMeTPaM H3;::i:enHR rrpe;::i:cTaBIDieT co6o:H 1:1acTh rrpaBHJI cocTaBneHHR rpa<f;>H1:1ecirn:x Mo;::i:ene:H. TaKoe cornarneHHe rro3BOJIReT yrrpocTHTh HaIIHCaHHe pa3nH1:1HhIX rrporpaMM aBTOMaTH1:1eCKOM o6pa60TKM rpa<f;>H1:1eCKOM MO)J;eJIH o6beKTa H COOTBeTCTBeHHO o6nef1:1HTh )J;HarHOCTHpOBaHHe B Heif OIIIH60K.

CHCTeMe AutoCAD cornarneHHe o cooTBeTCTBHH rpa<f;>H1:1ecKHX

rrpHMHTHBOB peanhHOMY H3)J;eJIHIO )J;OJI)l(HO 6bITh pa3pa60TaHO IIOJih30BaTeneM ;::i:o Ha1:1ana pa3pa6oTKM rpa<f;>H1:1ecKHX Mo;::i:ene:H. 06hl1:1HO TaKoe cornarneHHe COCTaBIDieTCR OllHO llnR rpyrrIIhI HJIH KJiacca rrpoeKTHpyeMhIX H3,[(eJIHM.

crreu;HanH3HpoBaHHhIX CAIIP Mo;::i:enh CTPOHTCR H3 rrpo6neMHO-

opHeHTHpoBaHHhIX rrpHMHTHBOB. HarrpHMep, B CAIIP P-CAD Mo;::i:enh cxeMhI H rre1:1aTHoif rrnaThI BKJI101:1aeT B ce6R cne;::i:yroru;He 3neMeHThI: rrpOBO)J;HHK, IIIHtty, 3JieMeHT, HMR u;errH, XOTR, HaIIpHMep, IIPOBOllHHK H IIIHHa BHeIIIHe BhlfnR)J;RT KaK 06bI1:1Hhie JIHHHH.

PacCJioeeae rpact»1111ecKHX npHMHTHBoB.

Cno:H B AutoCAD MO)l(HO

paccMaTpHBaTh KaK OllHH H3 rrapaMeTpOB rpa<f;>H1:1ecKoro rrpHMHTHBa, HarrpHMep, KaK KOOPllHHaThI. IloHRTHe CJIOR 3,[(eCh 01:1eHh 6JIH3KO K CMhlCJIOBOMY IIOHRTHIO 3T0f0 CJIOBa (HarrpHMep, KaK B MO)J;eJIH MHOfOCJIOMHOM rre1:1aTHOM rrnaTbI). HanH1:1He y rpa<f;>H1:1ecKoro rrpHMHTHBa TaKoro rrapaMeTPa, KaK cno:H, orrpe;::i:eJIReT B03MO)l(HOCTh rrpoBe;::i:eHHR orrepau;HH pacCJloeHUfl, T. e. pa3;::i:eneHHR rrpHMHTHBa Ha cnoH. PaccnoeHHe rpa<f;>H1:1ecKHX rrpHMHTHBOB B cooTBeTCTBHH c rrpHHRThIMH B KOHKpeTHOM CAIIP cornarneHHRMH II03BOJIReT: • rpyrrrrHpOBaTh OllHOPOllHYIO no co;::i:ep)l(aHHIO HH<f;>opMaIJ;HIO; • pa36HBaTh Mo;::i:enh Ha pa3Hhie <f;>H3H1:1ecirn:e cnoH o6beKTa (HarrpHMep, B rre1:1aTHhIX rrnaTax Ha <f;>onhry H llH3JieKTpHK);

216

• Ha 6a3e O,D;HOM e,n;HHOM MO,D;eJIH 06'beK.Ta BhirryCKaTb pa3JIH'IHhie qepTe:xrn:; • BhIBO,D;HTb Ha 3KpaH TOJihKO Heo6xo,n;HMYJO HH$OpMau,mo, rroraCHB HeH}')KHbie CJIOH. 0,n;HOMY $H3H'IeCKOMY CJIOIO MO)l(eT COOTBeTCTBOBaTh O,D;HH (KaK rrpaBHJIO) HJIH HeCKOJibKO CJIOeB rpa$HqecKOM MO,D;eJIH. qHCJIO CJIOeB B rpa$H'IeCKOM MO,D;eJIH ycTaHaBJIHBaeTCH IIOJib30BaTeJieM. TaK, HarrpMMep, B CHCTeMe P-CAD Ha3HaqaJOTCH: qHcJio cnoes MeTaJIJIH3aI.J,HH (,n;o

16);

qHCJIO CJIOeB, Ha KOTOpbIX orrpe,n;eJieHa 30Ha

TpaCCHPOBKH rrpoBO,D;HHKOB, H T.,n;. IlpH pa6oTe c CHCTeMOM AutoCAD cornarneHHH 0 IIOCJIOMHOM CTpYKTYPe rpa$H'IeCKHX MO,n;ene:H pa3pa6aTbIBaeT IIOJlb30BaTeJib rrpM rrpoeKTMpoBaHHH o6'beKTa. OH )Ke rrpH.n;yMbIBaeT HMeHa CJIOHM, orrpe,neJIHeT HX CBOMCTBa (u,BeT, THII JIHHHH) H COOTBeTCTBHe CJIOeB CBOMCTBaM rrpoeKTMpyeMoro o6'beKTa.

B AutoCAD

cno:H c HMeHeM «0» scer,n;a orrpe,neneH H HMeeT oco6oe

Ha3HaqeHHe. fpa$H'IeCKHe rrpMMHTHBhl, C03,D;aHHbie Ha CJIOe c 3THM 11MeHeM, rrp11 BCTaBKe 6JIOKa B CTapIIIHM ypoBeHb 11epapXHl1 rrp1106peTaIOT CBOMCTBa CJIOH, Ha KOTOpOM ,n;enaeTCH BCTaBKa 6110Ka.

ArpH6YTJ.I.

HeK0Topb1e rrapaMeTphI, KOTOpb1e Tpy,n;Ho rrpe,ncTaBl1Th

B rpa$H'IeCKOM MO,UeJil1 B BH,Ue Jll1Hl1M, rrpe,UCTaBJIHIOTCH 3HaqeHl1eM

Ampu6ym JUJ.fl.Remca cneu,uO/lbHblM npUMumunoM, Komopbtu UMeem UMR npUMumuna, 3HalfeHue npUMumuna u molfKY ncmanKu. ATp116YT, KaK

aTp116yrn.

11 JII06o:H rpa$11qeCKHM rrpMMHTHB, COOTBeTCTByeT orrpe,UeJieHHOMY CJIOIO. ATpl16YTbI CBH3bIBaIOTCH c KOHKpeTHbIM 113,UeJIHeM B 11epapXHqecKOM CTpYK.TYPe, 11 Ka)l(,D;hlM aTpl16YT orrpe,n;eJIHeT O,Ul1H H3 rrapaMeTpoB 113,UeJIHH.

c IIOMOII.l,bIO aTpl16YTa MO)l(HO orr11caTb KaK KOHCTpYK-

THBHbie rrapaMeTphI (Macey, o6'beM, MapKy MaTep11ana H T.,n.), TaK H <l>YHKI.J,HOHaJihHbie (MOII.l,HOCTh, qacTOTY, corrpOTl1BJieHHe 11 ,Up.). ATpl16YTbI MO)l(HO OT06pa)l(aTh B BH,Ue TeKCTa Ha rpa$11qecKOM MO,n;eJIH, o,nHaKo qaII.J,e HX ,ne11a10T HeBH,Ul1MhIMH. ATpH6YThI MOfYT 11MeTh rrepeMeHHOe 3HaqeH11e rrapaMeTpa. IlpH BCTaBKe 6110Ka, co,n;ep)l(aII.J,ero aTpH6YThl c rrepeMeHHhIM 3HaqeH11eM, AutoCAD «3arrpoc11T» 3HaqeH11e 3TOfO aTpl16YTa.

15.5. Ha~ano pa60Tbl c CMCTeMOM 3arrycK AutoCAD rrpoH3BO,Ul1TCH ~e 113secTHhIM11 HaM crroco6aMH 3arrycKa 11106oro rrpHJIO)l(eHHH Windows. Ilocne 3arpy3KH cHcTeMhI OTKpbrnaeTCH HaqaJihHOe ,n;11anorosoe OKHO, IIOKa3aHHOe Ha PHC.

15.1,

rrpM 3TOM y IIOJih30BaTeJIH HMeeTCH B03MO)l(HOCTb: • OTKPhITh cyII.J,eCTByIOII.J,HM qepTe)I(; • C03,D;aTb HOBbIM qepTe)I(

Halfamb c HOlfO/la;

• C03,UaTb HOBbIM qepTe)I( Ha OCHOBe CIIHCKa HMeIOII.J,HXCH rna6110HOB;

217

fl •

cc cc

o+ (

0 5J

......,._.....~~~~·...,.,,.,,,,.~fWAi'~IOeNloonijR!ibiPefCiifii[BWiijifMOiiET J iID"•m 5 · M;c,. -I ~Cooep;.HM1 · - ll~AutoCAO 2...

PHc. 15.1. HaqaJibttoe .I!JlaJIOroBoe OKHO AutoCAD 2000 • C03.ZJ;aTb HOBbIH qepTe)I( Ha OCHOBe CTaH.ZJ;apTHOro rna6JIOHa acadiso.dwt HJUI c IlOMOIIJ;bIO MaCTepa .ZJ;OllOJIHHTeJibHbIX HaCTpOeK. Ha pttc. Te)l(OM).

15.2 rroKa3aHo OKHO c

3arp)')l(eHHhIM B Hero <PaitJioM (qep-

OKHo AutoCAD, KaK H oKHo JII06oro rrpHJIO)l(emui: Windows, pa3.ZJ;eJieHo Ha o6nacTH. CaMaH BepXHIDI TH'fYJibHa.si: CTpOKa CO.ZJ;ep)l(HT HM.sl TeKYlllero <PaitJia (pe.ZJ;aKTHpyeMoro qepTe)l(a) . UeHTpaJihHaH qacTb 3KpaHa - 3TO pa6oqa.si: 30Ha, T. e. o6nacTh OT06pa)l(eHH.sI rpa<Pl{qecKoit HH<PopMa:u;HH - qepTe)l(a. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT MacrnTa6a B oKHe BH.ZJ;eH Beeb o6beKT HJIH TOJibKO ero qacTb. B JieBOM HH)l(HeM yrny pacrronaraeTc.si: rrHKTorpaMMa, rroKa3bIBaIOma.si: HarrpaBneHHe oceit I10Jlb30BaTeJibCKOH CHCTeMbl KOOp.ZJ;HHaT. Ilo.ZJ; TH'fYJibHOH CTpOKOH pacrrOJIO)l(eHo OCHOBHOe HHCrra,n:aIOmee Memo AutoCAD' KOTOpoe o6bJqHo BbirJl.sI.ZJ;HT KaK rrepeqHcJieHHe KOpHeBbIX rryHKTOB: <PaWi, llpa61Ca H T . .ZJ;. IloJIO)l(eHHe MeHIO Hero CO.ZJ;ep)l(aHHe MOryT MeH.sITbC.si:. Co.ZJ;ep)l(am1e MeHIO rrporpaMMHpyeTc.si: <PaitJiaMH ero orrpe.ZJ;eJieHH.sI. Ilo.ZJ; CTpOKOH MeHIO MOryT pacrronaraTbC.sI O.ZJ;Ha HJIH HeCKOJibKO rraHeJieit HHCTpYMeHTOB. 06bJqHo OTKpbITbl CTaH.ZJ;apTHaH rraHeJib H rraHeJib HHCTpYMeHTOB .ZJ;JI.sI pa6oTbI co CJIO.sIMH. KpoMe Toro MO:>KHO OTKpblTb eme TpH BepTHKaJibHO pacrrOJIO)l(eHHbie rraHeJIH HHCTpYMeHTOB:

218

PucoBaHue, Peoa1Cmupo6aHue

llpu6R31CU.

IlaHeJIH HHCTPYMeH-

o+ (

0;,fi) 1""' ~

...-·

@f ie --r •

i:..:i

ret r

L-----------------Model

L outl

CrpoKH reK)'ll.(MX coo6meHHH (KoMaH.1() CrpoKa cocroHHHll CrpoKa BBO,na KOMaH,nbl HarrpaBJieHHe oceJI Koop,nHHar

Pa6oqa.q JOHa

Pttc. 15.2. Pa6oqee oKHo c 3arp)')KeHHbIM <PaillloM TOB ,ny6JrnpyioT OCHOBHOe Memo, HO OHH 6onee y.n:o6Hhl B HCilOJih30BaHHH: Ha naHeJIH MHCTPYMeHTOB Tpe6yeMoe .n:e:UcrnMe (KoMaH.n:a) BhI6HpaeTCH O.D:HHM 111eJiqKOM MhIIIIH no COOTBeTCTBYJOilleM KHOnKe, a B OCHOBHOM Memo MH BbI6opa Heo6XO.D:HMOH KOMaH.D:bl HHor.n:a Tpe6yeTCH npo:UTH HeCKOJihKO no.n:ypoBHe:U. MecTonoJIO)l(eHJ:i:e mo6o:U naHeJIH HHCTPYMeHTOB MO)l(HO H3MeHHTh, nepeTaI11HB ee MhIIIIhIO c Ha)l(aToH: JieBo:U KHOnKo:U. qHCJIO naHene:U HHCTPYMeHTOB 11: oTo6paxeHHe B Ka)l(.IJ:OM 11:3 HHX rpe6yeMbIX nmcrorpaMM 3a.IJ:a10TCH 11:3 nyttKTa OCHOBHOfO MeHIO BuiJ * naHeAU UHCmpyMeHm06. ,[(IDI .n:o6aBJieHHH KHOIlOK B JI106y10 OTKphITYIO naHeJib HHCTpyMeHTOB Ha.n:o BhI6paTh HX B Memo BuiJ * naneAu uncmpyMeHmoB * Hacmpoibca. ,[(06aBJieH11e H y.n:aneHHe KHonoK Ha naHeJIH HHCTPYMeHTOB npo11cxo.n:11T npocThIM HX «nepeTaCKHBaHHeM» MhIIIIhlO c HaxaTOH neaoM: KHOnKoH:. Mo)l(HO coJ.D:aTh HOBYJO KHOnKY Ha JII06o:U naHeJIH HHCTpYMeHTOB, H3MeHHTh 11306paxeHHe KHOnKH HJIH .n:e:UcTBHe (KoMaH.IJ:Y AutoCAD), BhinOJIHHI0111eecH npH ee HaxaTHH. CrrpaBa OT pa6oqe:U 30HhI MO)l(eT pacnonaraThCH 3KpaHHOe MeHIO, KOTopoe B paHHHX Bepc1rnx HBJIHJIOCh OCHOBHhIM MeHIO AutoCAD.

219

c noHBJieHl'IeM CHCTeMbl Windows H CTaH,ll;apTa OKOHHOfO HHTep$eM:ca, co.uep)l{amero HHCna}l;aIOIUHe MeHIO H naHeJIH HHCTp)'MeHTOB, 3KpaHHOe MeHIO CTaJIO HCnOJib30BaTbCH pe,UKO. B Hlf)l{HeH qacTH OKHa (.uBe-TpH CTpOKH Ha 6eJIOM <t>oHe) pacno110)l{eHa 30Ha ,UHaJIOra, B KOTOPOH rpa<t>JfqeCKaH CHCTeMa B TeKCTOBOM BH,Ue OT06paxaeT BBO,UHMbie c KJiaBHa1)'PbI HJIH H3 MeHIO KOMaH,ll;bI H BbIBO,UHT ,UHarHOCTJfqeCKHe coo6meHMH H coo6meHMH 06 OIIIH6Kax H 3anpocbl. Iloc11e.uHHH CTpOKa

Command:

(HJIH

Ko.MaHOa:)

HBJIHeTCH 3an-

pocoM oqepe.uHoif: KOMaH,ll;bI.

Hlf)l{HHH CTpOKa 3KpaHa -

3TO CTpOKa COCTOHHMH, B KOTOpOH OT0-

6paxeHbI TeKYIUHe KOOP.UHHaTbI rpa<t>JfqeCKOfO KYPCOpa no

x, y H z

H OCHOBHbie pe)l{JfMbI pa60ThI. IlpH O,UHOKpaTHOM HaxaTHH Ha KHOnKY COOTBeTCTBYJOIUHH pe)l{JfM MeHHeTCH Ha HHBepCHbIH (BKillO'leHo/ BblKJllO'leHo), a npH menqKe npaBOH KHOnKOH MbIIIIH no KHOnKe [IlapaMeTpbI] OTKpbIBaeTCH OKHO ,Uml HaCTpOHKH .uaHHOfO pe)l{JfMa. 06biqHo B CTpOKe COCTOHHMH OT06paxeHbI CJie,UYJOIUHe KHOnKH: [IIPMB] KYPCOpa -

OKpyrneHHe KOOp,UHHaT nepeMeIUeHMH rpa<t>JfqeCKOfO

[F9];

[CETKA] [OPTO] -

OT06paxeHHe BCnOMOraTeJibHOH ceTKH -

[F7];

pe)l{JfM OpTOfOHaJibHOCTH, npH KOTOPOM JIHHHH H nepe-

MemeHMH KYPCOpa MOryT 6bITh TOJibKO B,UOJib oceif: KOOp,UHHaT [IIOJUIP] -

[F8];

npHBH3Ka nepeMeIUeHHH KYPCOpa H nOJIO)l{eHMH BBO-

,UHMbIX KOOP.UHHaT K yrnaM (no )'MOJiqaHHIO K [OIIPMB] -

90°);

06'beKTHaH npHBH3Ka, T.e. npHBH3Ka BBO,UHMbIX KOOp-

,UHHaT K cymeCTBYJOIUHM rpa<t>JfqeCKHM npHMHTHBaM -

[F3];

[OTCJIE)l(] -TpaCCHpOBKa npH o6'beKTHOH npHBH3Ke. IlpH o6HapyxeHHH B03MO)l{HOCTH o6'heKTHOH npHBH3KH AutoCAD noKa3bIBaeT TOqKY H pe)l{HM B03MO)l{HOH npHBH3KH [TOJIIII,] -

[Fll];

BKJIIOqeHHe/BbIKJIIOqeHHe OT06pa)l{eHHH TOJIIUHHbI

JIHHHH; [MO,[lEJib] -

rrepeKJI10qeHHe Me)l{)zy MO,UeJibIO H qepTe)l{OM H3,Ue-

JIMH.

15.6.

CMCTeMa KOM8HAHOro MeHIO

11HTep$eiic CHCTeMbI AutoCAD

2000

aHaJIOflfqeH BCeM npHJIO)l{e-

HMHM Windows. KoMaH,ll;bl B no11b30BaTeJibCKOM MeHIO cHcTeMbI MOryT pacrro11araTbCH Ha HeCKOJibKHX ypOBIDIX. OTJIJfqHTeJibHbIM rrpH3HaKOM MHOroypOBHeBOH KOMaH,ll;hl HBJIHeTCH CilJIOIIIHOH TpeyroJibHHK B KOHu;e CTpOKH c HMeHeM KOMaH,ll;bl. MHOfOTOqHe 3a HMeHeM KOMaH,ll;bl 03HaqaeT, ~o ee napaMeTpbI orrpe.ueJIHIOTCH B ,UHaJIOfOBOM OKHe. 06bNHO B CTpOKe MeHIO CJieBa HarrpaBO YKa3bIBalOTCH paCKpbIBalOIUHeCH MeHIO. OcHOBHoe MeH10 AutoCAD BKJI10qaeT B ce6H:

• <l>aU!l (File) -

KOMaH,ll;bI, onpe.ueJIHIOIUHe pa6ory c $aH1IaMH

qepTe)l{eH, HaCTpOHKH H ynpaBJieHMH BbIBO,UOM qepTe)l{a Ha rpa<t>ono-

220

CTpOlUeJib, npoBepKH H BOCCTaHOBJieHIDI rpa<PWieCKOH 6a3bl ,LJ;aHHbIX qepTe)l(a;

• Jlpa6Ka (Edit) -

KOMaH,LJ;bl, ynpaBJUllOIIIHe o6MeHOM HH<PopMa-

u;ne:H c ,LJ;pyrHMH npHJIO)l(eHIDIMH Windows H OTMeHo:H peJyJibTaTOB TeKYIIIero ceaHca pa60Tu1 c rpa<PWieCKHM pe,LJ;aKTopoM;

• BuiJ

(View) -

KOMaH,LJ;bl ynpaBJieHIDI H306paxeHHeM Ha 3KpaHe

MOHHTOpa, pereHepau;HH 3KpaHa, naHopaMHpoBaHIDI, ycTaHOBKH BH,!J;OBbIX 3KpaHOB, npoCMOTpa o6DeKTOB B TpeXMepHOM npocTpaHCTBe, pacKpacKH H TOHHpOBaHIDI TpeXMepHbIX o6'heKTOB, ynpaBJieHIDI napaMeTpaMH ,!J;HCTIJie.SI H naHeJI.SIMH HHCTpYMeHTOB;

• Bcma6Umb (Insert) -

KOMaH,LJ;bl BCTaBKH 6JIOKOB, BHeIIIHHX CCbl-

JIOK, pacTpOBbIX H306pa)l(eHHH, 06'beKTOB ,LJ;pyrHX npHJIO)l(eHHH Windows, a TaIOKe KOMaH,LJ;bl C03,!J;aHIDI HOBbIX KOMTIOHOBOK npocTpaHCTBa JIHCTa H rnnepCCblJIOK;

• </JopMam (Format) -

KOMaH,LJ;bl ,lJ;JI.SI C03,LJ;aHIDI H pe,LJ;aKTHPOBaHIDI

pa6oqe:H cpe,LJ;bl, KOTOpble Il03BOJI.SllOT MO,!J;H<PHU:HPOBaTb ll;BeT, THTI H TOJIIIIHHY JIHHH:H; KOMaH,LJ;bl ynpaBJieHIDI CJIO.SIMH, CTHJI.SIMH (pa3MepHbIMH, TeKCTOBbIMH, IlJIOTTepa, MYJibTHJIHHHH) H BH,!J;OM MapKepa TOqKJI, a TaIOKe KOMaH,LJ;bl, Il03BOJI.SllOIIIHe nepeHMeHOBbIBaTb o6'beKTbl qepTe)l(a, ycTaHaBJIHBaTb e,LJ;HHHU:hl H3MepeHIDI JIHHeHHbIX H yrJIOBhlX BeJIWIHH Ha qepTe)l(e Hero rpaHHU:bI;

• Cep6uc (Tools) - KOMaH,LJ;bI ynpaBJieHIDI CHCTeMo:H, 3KpaHOM IlOJib30BaTeJI.SI, BKJI10qeHID1 ycTaHOBKH napaMeTpOB qepqeHIDI H npHB.Sl30K c TIOMOlllblO ,!J;HaJIOfOBblX OKOH, o6ecneqeHIDI pa60Tbl c IlOJib30BaTeJibCKOH CHCTeMOH KOOp,LJ;HHaT;

• Puco6aHue (Draw) - KOMaH,LJ;bl pHCOBaHIDI; • Pa3Mep1'l (Dimension) - KoMaH,LJ;bI npocTaHOBKH

pa3MepoB H yn-

paBJieHH.SI napaMeTpaMH pa3MepoB;

• PeiJaKmupo6aHue (Modify) -

KOMaH,LJ;bI pe,LJ;aKTHpoBaHIDI 3JieMeH-

TOB qepTe)l(a;

• 0KHO (Window) • Cnpa6Ka (Help) -

KOMaH,LJ;bI MHorooKOHHoro pe)l(HMa pa60Tb1; KOMaH,LJ;bl cnpaBoqHo:H rnnepTeKCTOBOH CHC-

TeMbl (Ha aHfJIHHCKOM .Sl3bIKe).

TexeoJIOI'IHI pa60Thl c KOMaB,ZJ;aMH Memo AutoCAD. MeH10 cncTe2000 nepapXWiecKoe, opraHHJOBaHHoe aHaJIOrWIHO BCeM

MbI AutoCAD

npHJIO)l(eHIDIM ,lJ;JI.SI Windows.

B 6onee paHHHX BepcH.SIX 6bmo TOJibKO

3KpaHHoe MeHio, pacnono-

)l(eHHoe B npaBo:H qacTH 3KpaHa. Ecnn B 3KpaHHOM MeHio ecTb nyHKT, OKa~HBaIOIIIHHC.SI ,!J;BOeToqneM, -

3TO Henocpe,LJ;CTBeHHO KOMaH,LJ;a

AutoCAD. IlYHKThl 6e3 ,LJ;BOeToqIDI .SIBJI.SIIOTC.SI KOMaH,LJ;aMH nepexo,LJ;a Ha TIO,LJ;MeHIO HH3IIIero ypOBH.SI. 0,LJ;HaKO MeHIO MOlKeT nporpaMMHpoBaTbC.SI IlOJib30BaTeJieM, HOH MO)l(eT COCTaBHTb ero no CBOHM npaBHJiaM. KoHeqHbJH nyHKT ,LJ;epeBa MeH10 naHeJIH HHCTpyMeHTOB CB.SIJaH c O,!J;HOH HJIH HeCKOJibKHMH CTpOKaMH TeKCTa, CO,LJ;eplKaIIIHMH KOMaH,!J;bl AutoCAD. IlpH HaxaTHH Ha KOHeqHYIO KOMaH,LJ;y ,LJ;epeBa MeHIO

221

npOl1CXO,lJ,11T nepe,D,al.la 3TOM KOMaH,D,bl B KOMaH,D,HYJO CTpOI<y (B 11HTepnpernTOp KOMaH.D. AutoCAD). KoMaH,D,a MO)l(eT 6hITh 3a,D,aHa cJie,D,YJOIII11Ml1 cnoco6aM11: • c KJiaB11arypb1 B KOMaH,D,HOM cTpoKe B 30He ,lJ,11aJIOra (CM. p11c.

Command: (HJI11 KoManaa:)

15.2);

• BbI6opOM KOMaH,D,bl Ha naHeJI11 11HCTp)'MeHTOB; • BbI6opoM KOMaH,lJ,bI 113 KOMaH,D,HOfO <t>a:UJia, npH'IeM BbI6paTb MO)l(HO TOJibKO Te KOMaH,D,bl, KOTOpbie yxe np11MeHIDil1Cb np11 npoeKT11poBaH1111 TeK}'IUero qepTe)l(a. (Cn11coK 113 nocJie,lJ,HHX IIIeCTl1 KOMaH,D, co,ri:ep)l(HT KOHTeKCTHOe MeHIO, KOTOpoe Bbl3bIBaeTC.sl np11 n0311U:110Hl1poBaHl111 YKa3aTeJI.sl MbIIIIl1 B OKHe BBO,lJ,a KOMaH,D, 11 rn;eJI'IKe npaBOM KHOnKOM.) BhmOJIHeH11e KOMaH,D,bI MO)l(HO npepBaTb Ha mo6o:U CTa,D,1111 ,ri:11anora, HaxaB KJiaBl1IIIY [ESC]. IlocJie 3anycKa KOMaH,D,bl B KOMaH,D,HOM CTpOKe no.si:BJI.sleTC.sl cn11COK ee napaMeTpOB, KOTOpblM Ha'-111HaeTC.sl co 3HaKa ( «), a nocJie 3aBeprneHH.si: pa60Tbl 3TOM KOMaH,D,bl Cl1CTeMa Bbl,lJ,aeT C006I11eH11e 0 npo,lJ,OJI)l(eHl111 BbIITOJIHeHH.si: npepBaHHOM KOMaH,D,bl. KoMaH,D,bl, KOTOpbie MO)l(HO Bbl3BaTb BO BpeM.si: BbIITOJIHeHH.si: ,ri:pyro:U KOMaH,D,hI, Ha3bIBaIOT

np03partnblMu (Help, Zoom, Pan, Redraw 11

,ri:p.). EoJibIIIl1HCTBO npo3pal.IHhIX KOMaH,D, ynpaBJI.s1eT npe,D,CTaBJieH11eM qepTe)l(a Ha 3KpaHe MOHl1TOpa. Ilp113HaKOM npo3pa'IHOM KOMaH,D,bl .slBJI.sleTC.sl anocTpo<t> ('). EcJI11 Heo6xo,ri:11Mo BBecT11 npo3pal.IHYJO KOMaH,ri:y B KOMaH,D,HYJO CTpOKY' anocTpo<t> ne'IaTaIOT nepe,ri: noJIHbIM 11MeHeM KOMaH,D,bl. IlpaKTH'IeCKH Bee KOMaH,lJ,bI p11coBaHH.s1 11MeIOT O,lJ,11H HJ111 ,lJ,Ba ypOBH.sl no,D,KOMaH,D,, KOTOpbie YTO'IH.slIOT KOMaH,ri:y HJ111 3a,D,aIOT pe)l(HMbl ee BhIITOJIHeHH.si:. B 3TOM cJiyqae AutoCAD BhIBO,lJ,11T Ha BBe,ri:eHHYIO KoMaH,ri:y CTpOKY-nO,D,CKaJKY c Ha6opoM nO,lJ,KOMaH,D,, OT,lJ,eJieHHbIX ,ri:pyr OT ,ri:pyra Koco:U qepTo:U, HJI11 3anpoc. TaK Ha p11c. MeHIO KOMaH,D,bl

15.3

noKa3aHo no,ri:-

Circle (p11COBaTb OKpyxttOCTb), B KOTOpOM 3a,D,aHbl

no,ri:KOMaH,D,bl, onpe,ri:eAAIOIIIl1e cnoco6hI p11coBaHH.s1 OKpyxttOCTl1. ,Ll.rr.si:

Circle cTpoKa no,ri:cKa3KH, 11Me10I11a.si: BM JP/ 2P/< Center point>:, r0Bop11T o TOM, 'ITO AutoCAD roTOB nocTpOl1Th oKpyxttoCTh KOMaH,D,bI

11 )l(,lJ,eT YKa3aH11:U, KaKHM cnoco6oM 3TO 6y,D,eT BhIITOJIH.si:Tbc.si:: no TpeM TO'IKaM Ha OKpyxttOCTl1, no ,lJ,B)'M TO'IKaM Ha OKpyxHOCTl1 HJ111 BBe,ri:eHl1eM TO'IKH u:eHTpa OKpyxttOCTl1. EcJI11 oKpyxttoCTh Tpe6yeTc.si: nocTpOl1Th no TpeM TO'IKaM, Heo6xo.D.11MO BBecT11 no,ri:KOMaH,ri:y

3Points, nocJie qero AutoCAD «3anpoc11T»

nocJie,lJ,OBaTeJibHO KOOp,lJ,11HaTbl Tpex TO'IeK.

,Ll.rr.si: ,lJ,Byx ,ri:pyrHX cnoco6oB

nOCTpOeHl1.sl OKP}')l(HOCTl1 11H<t>opMau:1111 6y,ri:eT He,lJ,OCTaTO'IHO, 11 AutoCAD 3anpoc11T He,ri:ocTaIOIIIYJO 11H<t>opMau:1110 (PMHYC, u:eHTp, TO'IKY 11 T.,lJ,.). EcJil1 KaKa.si:-JI1160 nO,lJ,KOMaH,D,a He 3a,D,aHa .slBHO, B CTpOKe-nO,lJ,CKaJKe 3/leMeHm, 6blae/leHHblU 6 Yi!Jl06bte CK06KU, npUHUMaemcR no yMO/lrtanu10. TaK, Hanp11Mep, .ri:yry (Arc) MO)l(HO Hap11coBaTh, 3a,D,aB Tpl1 113 CJie,lJ,YJOillHX nepeq11cJieHHblX napaMeTpOB: TO'IKY u:eHTpa, Ha-

222

].ine fiay ConsJruction Line Multiline Eolyline JD Polyline Polygon Rectangle 8rc

TpH

KacaTeJihm1e

)l;Be KacaTeJibHhle H Qonut ?_pline J;_llipse

PMHYC

Be TO'IKH

TpH TO'IKH

Bloc]> P.Qinl ):fatch... !loundary.. Region

PHc. 15.3. OKHo Bb16opa crroco6oa pHcoaaHIDI oKp}')!{HOCTeH qaJibJIYIO TOqKY, KOHeqJIYIO TO'IKY, yroJI, TpeTbIO TOqKY Ha JJYre, MJlHY xop,Ubl, HarrpaBJiem1e KaCaTeJibHOH K O.UHOMY Jl3 KOHUOB. KaKOH Jl3 rrapaMeTpOB 3a.n;aeTCH, orrpe.n;eJIHeTCH IIO.ll;KOMaH,UOH. IlepBaH CTpOKaIIO.UCK33Ka .llJIH KOMaH,UbI

Arc BhirJIH.llJIT cne.uyIOIUJIM o6pa3oM: Center/

<Start point>. Bao.u Koop.n;J1HaThI 6e3 3a.n;amrn rro.n;KoMaH,UbI 6y)l;eT aocrrpJ1HJ1MaThCH KaK HaqaJibHaH TO'!Ka .n;yrJI (<Start point>), XOTH ee MO)l{HO 3a,UaTb HBHO, BBe.n;eHJleM CHa'!arra IIO)l;KOMaH,Ubl Start point, a 3aTeM )')Ke KOOp.ll;JIHaTbl Haqarra .n;yrJI. Ilo.ll;KOMaH,Uy B CTpOicy-IIO.UCKa3Icy MO)l{HO BBO.UJITb He IIOJIHOCTbIO, a TOJibKO HeCKOJibKO rrepBbIX 6YKB (J1Homa o.n;Hy). HarrpJ1Mep, MH .n;aHHoro cnyqag .uocrnTOqHo aaecTJI

O.UHY 6YKBY Ilocne BBe,ll;eHlUI KOMaH)l;bl (IIO,ll;KOMaH,UbI) HJIJI KOOP.UJIHaTbl AutoCAD MoxeT 3arrpocHTb: rro.n;KoMaH,Uy 6onee HJl3rnero ypoBHH, KOOP.UJIHazy TOqKH (cTaPTOBOM, rrepBOM, CJie.uy10meii JI T . .n;.), OTKPhITb OKHO, BbI6paTb o6'beKT. 0KHO 3a.n;aeTCH BBO.ll;OM KOOP.UJIHaT .ll;Byx .ll;JlarOHaJlbHbIX TO'IeK rrpHMOYfOJlbHHKa. IlpJI BBe.n;eHHH rrycTOH CTpOKH (HaxaTHeM rrpaBOH KHOIIKH MbIIIIJI HJIJI rrpo6ena) Ha 3arrpoc BBO,ll;a KOMaH,Ubl 6y.n;eT BbIIIOJIHHTbCH rrpe.n;hmyrnaH (rrocne.n;HHH) KOMaH.n;a . .n:n» MHOfJIX KOMaH.u yrrpaBJieHJIH JI orrpe.ll;eJieHJIH <PopMaTOB B AutoCAD BBe,ll;eH CBOHCTBeHHbIM .llJIH MHOfOOKOHHbIX CJICTeM pe)l{JIM pa6oThl. B IIOCJie,UHeit: BepCJIJI CJICTeMbl OTKPbIBaeTCH HOBOe OKHO, B KOTOPOM HafJIH,UHO c IIOMOIUbIO 3aKJia,UOK JI 3HaKOB (rarro'IeK) no-

223

cpe.D:CTBOM BbI6opa HJ CIUICKa H TeKCTOBblX OKOH onpe.11:eJU1eTCH CBOHCTBO 11ero-JU160. 0.11:HaKO

.IT.JUI COBMeCTHMOCTH c paHHHMH aepCHHMH H

HaCTpOHKaMH npOIIIJiblX aepcHH coxpaHeH 'IHCTO TeKCTOBblH pe:>KHM pa6oTbI. TaK, HanpwMep, cymecTayeT KOMaH.D:a COJ.D:aHHH H onpe.11:eJieHHH CBOHCTB CJIOeB

Layer,

Bbl3hIBaIOIUaH OTKpblTHe OKHa

JieHHH caolicTB cJioH, H KOMaH.D:a

LAYER,

.IT.JUI onpe.11:e-

pa60Ta10maa a TeKCTOBOM

pe:>KHMe. TaKHe KOMaH.D:bI-.D:BOHHHKH HBIDIIOTCH HJ6bITO'IHhIMH H co3.ll:aHbI .IT.JUI y.11:06crna pa60Tu1. KHonKH HHCTpYMeHTa.JlbHhIX MeHio o6hl11HO HaCTpOeHbl Ha 6oJiee y.11:06Hble KOMaH.D:bl c OKOHHbIM HHTepcpeM:COM. Y.11:06HblH OKOHHbIH HHTepcpeM:c HMeIOT TaIOKe KOMaH.D:hl-.D:BOHHHKH

.IT.JUI onpe.11:eJieHHH cpopMaTa, THna JIHHHH, TOJIIUHHbl JIHHHH,

UBeTa, cpopMaTa TeKCTa, paJMepOB, BH.D:a JaKpacKH noaepXHOCTeH (peH.D:epwHra).

BBOJJ. KOOp~aT. Koop.11:wHaTb1 BBO.D:HTCH JIH6o MhIIIIhIO, T. e. no.11:00.ll:OM rpacpw11ecKoro KYPCOpa (fK) B H}')KHYIO TO'IKY H HIDKarneM JieBOH KHOnKH MbIIIIH, JIH60 c KJiae:warypbl 33,ll;aHHeM 11epe3 JanHryIO Koop.11::wHaT

X, Y, Z.

06bI'IHO AutoCAD JanpaIIIwaaeT nocJie.11:oeaTeJibHOCTh KOOP.D:HHaT

.IT.JUI npo.11:0JDKeHHH JIHHHH, TpaCCbl, TO'leK H T . .11:. IlpeKpaTHTb BB0.11: nocJie.D:OBaTeJihHOCTH KOOP.D:HHaT H JaKOH'IHTb TeKYIUYIO KOMaH.D:Y MO)l(HO HaxarneM npaeoli KHOITKH MbIIIIH HJIH c noMOIUbIO KJiaBHIIrn [Ilpo6eJI]. IlpHJHaKoM JaaepIIIeHHH aao.11:a nocJie.11:oaaTeJibHOCTH KOOP.D:HHaT H KOHUa TeKYmeM: KOMaH.D:bl HBJIHeTCH Janpoc 011epe.11:HOH KOMaH.D:hl e JOHe .11:wanora.

BBOJJ. ,ll,aHHYX. <l>opM:wpoaaHwe JII06hIX rpacpH'lecKHX npHMHTHBOB HeBOJMO)l(HO 6e3 BBO.D:a TO'leK, onpe.11:eJU110IUHX HX noJIO)l(eHHe, pa3Mep H HanpaBJieHHe. IloJIO)l(eHHe Kax.D:OH TO'IKH Ha noJie qepTe)l(a MO)l(eT 6bITh O.D:HOJHa'IHO onpe.11:eJieHo JHa11eHHHMH ee KOOP.D:HHaT

a noJIO)l(eHwe e npocrpaHcTee -

KOOP.D:HHaTaMH

X, Y, Z.

Ilpw 3TOM

B KOMaH.D:ttyIO CTpOKY CHa11aJia BBO.D:HT 'IHCJieHHOe 3Ha'leHHe KOOP.D:HHaTbl HaThl

JaTeM 6e3 BCHKOrO HHTepaana JaITHryIO, JHa'leHHe KOOP.D:H-

CHOBa JanHTYIO H JHa11eHHe KOOP.UHHaTbl

z (npH pa6oTe

c 11epTe)l(OM eee.ueHHH nocJie.D:Heli KOOP.D:HHaTbI He rpe6yeTcH). Bao.11: JHa11eHHM: KOOP.D:HHaT JaKawnmaeTCH HaxarneM KJiaBHIIrn [Enter]. Ilp:w11eM JHaK

«+» y

JbIBaTh, a JHaK

noJIO:>KHTeJibHhIX JHa11eHHH KOOP.D:HHaT MO)l(HO He YKa-

«-»

y orpwuaTeJibHhIX JHa11eHHH Ha,n;o YKaJbIBaTb o6a-

JaTeJibHO. ,[(ecHTH'IHaH 11aCTb 'IHCJieHHOfO JHa'leHHH KOOP.D:HHaTbl OT.11:eJU1eTCH OT ee ueJIOH 11aCTH TO'IKOH. Ilpw onpe.11:eJieHHH Koop.11:wHaT rn11eK cwcTeMa AutoCAD wcnoJibJyeT no YMOJI'laHHIO TeKYIUYIO nOJibJOBaTeJibCKYIO CHCTeMY KOOP.D:HHaT (IlCK), KOTOpaH B Ha'laJie BblilOJIHeHHH HOBOfO qepTe)l(a coana.11:aeT c MHpOBOH CHCTeMOH KOOP.D:HHaT (MCK). 3Ha'IOK IlCK Haxo.UHTCH B JieBOM HH)l(HeM yrny pa6011eli 30Hbl rpacpw11eCKOfO OKHa AutoCAD, H no Janpocy CHCTeMbl Heo6XO.D:HMO BBeCTH KOOP.D:HHaTbl TO'IKH TeKymero 'lepTe)l(a. IlocJie YKaJaHHH KOOP.D:HHaT TO'IKH Ha ee MecTe nOHBJUleTCH MapKep.

224

IlporpaMMa AutoCAD 3a110MHHaeT KOOP.llHHaThI nocne.uHeii aaeneHHoii TOqKH. Bao.a KOOP.llHHaT ocy:rn;ecTam1eTcH cne.LJYIOrn;HMH cnoco6aMH: • yx:a3aHHeM IlOJIO)KeHHH ToqKH c HCIIOJ1h30BaHHeM rpa«t>ffqeCKOro Kypcopa -

MhIIIIH;

• 3a,llaHHeM IlOJIO)l{eHHH ToqKH c KJiaBHaTyphl nocpe,llCTBOM BBe,lleHHH qHcJieHHhIX 3HaqeHHH KOOp,llHHaT; • COBMeCTHhIM HCIIOJ1h30BaHHeM nepBbIX ,llByx cnoco6oa; • yx:a3aHHeM IIOJIO)l{eHHH TOqKH c HCIIOJ1h30BaHHeM o6beKTHOH rrpHBH3KH Ha OCHOBe reoMeTpHH cy:rn;ecTByiorn;HX o6beKTOB. 3a,znume KOOp,inmaT TO'l:eK c DOMOlll;blO MYillll. ,[(.ml BBO,lla TOqKH He06XO,llHMO noMeCTHTh nepeKpeCTHe rpa«l>HqecKoro Kypcopa B H)')KHOe MeCTO qepTe)l{a H ttaxaTb neayio KHOIIK)' MhIIIIH. Tor.ua KOOp,llHHaThl

x H y yx:a3aHHOH ToqKH

6y.uyr aocnpHHHMaThCH KaK BBe,lleHHhie

c KJiaBHaTypbl, a KOOp,llHHaTa

z npHMeT 3HaqeHHe TeKy:rn;ero ypOBHH.

0,llHOBpeMeHHO KOOP.llHHaThl ToqKH nocne ee BhI6opa MOryr 6bITh OT06paxettbl B CTpOKe COCTOHHHH, eCJIH BKJIJOqHTh KJiaBHilleH

[F6]

CTa-

TffqeCKHH pe)l{HM. ToqttoCTh, nerKOCTh H 6hICTpOTa 3a,llaHHH ToqeK 3HaqHTeJihHO B03pacTalOT, ecnH BKJiioqeHhI pe)l{HMhI

Ortho

Snap,

a B pa6oqe:H 30He

rpa«t>ffqeCKOfO OKHa OT06paxetta «t>oHOBaH BCIIOMOraTeJibHaH CeTKa. BKJI10qHTh 3TH pe)l{HMhI MO)l{HO c noMOlIJ;hlO .UHanoroeoro oKHa pe)l{HMOB qepqeHHH

Drafting Settings

(KoMaH,llhI Ortho, Snap,

Grid),

(MeHIO

Tools),

KOMaH,llHOH CTpOKH

«l>YHKilHOHaJihHhIX KJiaBHIII HJIH cooT-

BeTCTBYJOlIJ;HX KHOIIOK CTpOKH COCTOHHHSI. nocJie,llHHe ,llBa cnoco6a oco6eHHO y.uo6tthI B TeX cnyqaHX, Kor.ua B npou,ecce pa6oThI Tpe6yeTcsi: nepeKJiioqaTh pe)l{HMhI B nocne.uoeaTeJihHOCTH 3anpocoe B KOMaH.llHOH CTpOKe. 38,ZUlHHe KOOp,llllH3T TO'l:eK c DOMOlll;blO KJl3BH3TYPbl. 3TOT cnoco6

3a,llaHHH KOOp,llHHaT TOqKH HBJISleTCSI HaH6onee TOqHhIM H HCIIOJih3yeTCH 3HaqHTeJihHO qarn;e, qeM .upyrHe.

cHcTeMe AutoCAD npe.u-

ycMoTpetto HeCKOJihKO «t>opMaTOB BBO,lla 3HaqeHHH KOOp,D:HHaT 3THM cnoco6oM.

A6co111omHble npRMOYWAbHble KoopiJuHambl

acer.n:a H3MepHIDTCSI OT

ToqKH Haqana TeKy:rn;eH IlCK. B cnyqae HCIIOJ1h30BaHHH TaKoro «t>opMaTa Ha 3anpoc CHCTeMbl 0 MeCTOIIOJIO)l{eHHH TOqKH BBOMT c KJiaBHaTypbl qHcJieHHOe 3HaqeHHe KOOp,D:HHaTbl HHe KOOp,llHHaTbl

y - .. .point 3, 7.

A6coA1omm"e noARpHble KOOpOUHambl Haqana TeKy:rn;eH CHCTeMhl KOOp,D:HHaT.

x H qepe3 3anHTyio 3Haqe-

TaKXe H3MepHIOTCH OT TOqKH

,[(.ml

BBO,D:a KOOp,llHHaT TOqKH,

Kor.ua H3BeCTHhl ttanpaBJieHHe H ,llJIHHa BeKTopa (paCCTOSIHHe OT Haqana KOOP.D:HHaT), CHaqana tty)l{HO BBeCTH paCCTOHHHe, a 3aTeM cneI.J,HaJihHblH CHMBOJI -

3HaK MeHbIIIe ( <) H HanpaBJieHHe B rpa.uycax.

3a IIOJIO)KHTeJibHOe HanpaBJieHHe H3MeHeHHH yrna rrpHHHMaeTCH aparn;eHHe rrpOTHB qacoao:H CTpeJIKH OT IlOJIO)KHTeJibHOfO HanpaBJieHHH OCH

x - ...point

10<45. 225

B a6coJIIOTHhIX npHMOyroJihHhIX H noJIHpHhIX Koop;::i;1rnaTax onpe;::i;eJIHeTcH HaqaJihHaH TOqKa ,lJ;JIH BhIIIOJIHeHHH nOCTPOeHHH H306pIDKeHHH ;::i;eTaJIH. O;::i;HaKo KOHCTPYJCTOP pe;::i;Ko JHaeT a6coJIIOTHhie Koop;::i;HHaThI BCex ToqeK nOCTPOeHHH, no3TOMY TaKHe <PopMaTbl BBO,lla JHaqeHHH KOOp,llHHaT npHMeHHIOTCH o6bJllHO TOJlhKO Ha HaqaJibHOH CTa,ll;HH pa60Thl Ha,ll; npoeKTOM.

Omnocume.nbHble npRMoywllbHble Koopounambt He

JaBHCHT OT ToqKH

Haqana CHCTeMhl KOOp,ll;HHaT. OniocHTeJibHbie KOOp,llHHaTbI rn;eHHH no OCHM

,[{Jul

3TO CMe-

OT npe,llhl,llYIUe:H BBe,lleHHOH TOqKH qepTexa.

BBO,lla OTHOCHTeJibHhIX KOOp,llHHaT ToqeK c KJiaBHaTYPhl Heo6xo-

,llHMO CHaqana BBeCTH cneu;HaJihHhlH CHMBOJI @ (HIDKaTHeM KOM6HHaU:HH KJiaBHIII

[Shift]

[2]),

JaTeM -

npHparn;eHHe no OCH Op,llHHaT

DX, Janmy10 H npHparn;eHHe no OCH a6cu;Hcc DY - ...point @4,5. Omnocume.nbHble no/IJlpHble Koopounambt onpe,lleJIHIOT nonoxeHHe TOqKH no paCCTOHHHIO H yr.rry OT npe,llhlJlYIUeH BBe,lleHHOH TOqKH qepTexa.

,[{Jul

BBO,lla KOOp,llHHaT TOqKH, OTCTOHrn;e:H OT npe,llhlJlYIUeH Ha Ja-

,llaHHOe paCCTOHHHe H B Ja,ll;aHHOM HanpaBJieHHH, Heo6XO,ll;HMO CHaqaJia BBeCTH cneu;HaJihHhIH CHMBOJI @, JaTeM paCCTOHHHe, JHaK MeHbIIIe

(<)

H HanpaBJieHHe B rpa,eycax -

...point

@4<45.

BBeCTH OTHOCHTeJibHbie KOOp,llHHaTbl TOqKH HaMHOro nporn;e, qeM a6coJIIOTHhie. Oco6eHHO YJl06HO HCnOJihJOBaTb OTHOCHTeJibHble KOOp,llHHaTbl npH nOCTPOeHHH H306pIDKeHHH ,lleTane:H, KOTOpbie B OCHOBHOM COCTOHT HJ ropHJOHTaJihHhlX H BepTHKaJihHhIX JIHHHM (BaJIOB, oce:H, <PnaHu;eB H ,llp.).

3a.z.auae KOOp,!UIHaT TO~eK ope COBMeCTHOM HCDOnL30BaHHH

Kna-

BHaTYJJbl H MblWH. 3TOT cnoco6 npHMeHHeTCH, KOr,lla JapaHee HJBecTHO paCCTOHHHe Me)J(,lly ,llBYM5J ToqKaMH (MHHa 0Tpe3Ka), OH nOJBOJIHeT COKpaTHTh qHCJIO ,llaHHhIX, BBO,llHMhIX npH nocTpOeHHH H306pa)J(eHHM. flpH HCnOJihJOBaHHH 3T0f0 cnoco6a He06XO,llHMO npe,llBapHTeJibHO HaCTPOHTh H BKJIIOqHTh pe)J(HM qepqeHHH

Polar,

B KOTopoM

CHCTeMa npoBO,llHT JIHHHH nocTpoeHHH no,ll yrJiaMH, Ja,ll;aHHhIMH noJlh3oBareneM. BKJIIOqHTh 3TOT pe)J(HM MO)J(HO qepeJ ,ll;HaJIOroBoe OKHO pe)J(HMOB qepqeHHH W:hIO KJiaBHIIIH

Drafting Settings

[FlO]

(MeHIO

Tools),

a TaKXe c noMo-

HJIH COOTBeTcTBy10rn;e:H KHOnKH CTPOKH COCTO-

HHHH. EcJIH Ja,ll;aHa HaqaJihHaH TOqKa, TO ,lJ;JIH BBO,lla KOOp,llHHaT TOqKH, OTCTOHrn;e:H OT Hee Ha Ja,ll;aHHOe paCCTOHHHe B Ja,ll;aHHOM HanpaBJieHHH, Heo6xo;::i;HMO cHaqana nepeMeCTHTh rpa<l>HqecKH:H KYPCOp B xenaeMOM HanpaBJieHHH, a JaTeM Ja;::i;aTh B KOMaH,llHOM CTPOKe TPe6yeMOe paCCTOHHHe - ...point 45. ,[(aHHhIM cnoco6 TaKXe npeKpaCHO pa6oTaeT B opTOfOHaJihHOM pe)J(HMe ( Ortho).

3a.z.aHHe KOOp,!UIHaT TO~eK c DOMODU>IO pe1K11Ma 061.eKTHoii npHB.S13Osnap) noJBOJIHeT CTPOHTh HOBhie TOqKH

KH. 06neKTHaH npHBHJKa (

Ha qepTexe, npHBH3hIBaHCh K xapaKTepHhIM TOqKaM CYIUeCTBYJOW:HX

226

o6beKTOB IUIH OTHOCHTenbHO HHX. <l>yttKU;IUI o6beKTHOH rrpHBH3KH co.uep)IUfT Ha6op MHCTpyMeHTOB, Il03BOAAIOIIJ.HX BbIITOnHHTb TO'IHbie reoMeTpH'lecKHe rrocTpoeHJUI. CHa11ana Heo6xo.u11Mo HaCTpOMTb H BKJIID'IHTb pe)IUfM

Osnap.

Ha-

CTpOHKa ocy:mecTBAAeTCH B .UMMOfOBOM OKHe pe)IUfMOB, Bbl3bIBaeMOM 11epe3 MeHIO IIJ.blO KOMaH,Il;hI

HncmpyMenmw *IlapaMempw Cfepme:»Ca

Osnap

yr<.a3aHHH Ha HHAHKaTOpe B CTpOKe cocTOHHJUI pe)IUfMa paHHbIH pe)IUfM

Osnap

RJIH c rroMo-

nH6o HaJKaTMeM rrpaBOH KHOITKH MbIIIIH rrpH

Onpu6.

Bh16-

6y.ueT .uelicTBOBaTb TOnhKO B Te11eHHe TeKy:me-

ro ceaHca, T. e . .uo Tex rrop, noKa nonb30BaTenb ero He BbIKJIID'IHT RJIH tte Ha3Ha'IHT HOBbre ycTaHOBKH.

B cMcTeMe npe,n;ycMoTpeHa TaIOKe B03-

MO)l(HOCTh BpeMeHHOfO OTKJilO'leHJUI noCTOHHHOro pe)IUfMa, AAA qero .uocTaTO'IHO menKffYTh neBOH KHOnKoH MbillIH no HHAHKaTopy ( Osnap) B CTpOKe COCTOHHIUI.

Onpu6

CHCTeMe AutoCAD no yMon11aH1110 rrpHHHTo, 'ITO 1111cneHHbre

3Ha'leHJUI KOOP.UHHaT TO'leK, BBe,UeHHbIX c KJiaBHaTYPbI, Bcer.ua HMelOT 6onee BhICOKHH npHopHTeT, 11eM KOOP.UHHaTbI TO'leK, nonyqeHHbIX c IlOMOIIJ.blO IlOCTOHHHbIX 06'beKTHbIX npMBH30K.

,[(IDI

O.UHOpa30BOro MCnORb30BaHJUI KaKoro-nH6o MHCTpyMeHTa H3

Ha6opa 06beKTHbIX npHBH30K B npouecce BbIITOnHeHJUI KOMaH,Il;bI HCrronb3YJOT KOHTeKCTHOe MeHlO, KOTOpoe BbI3bIBaIOT, y.uep)IUfBaH KJiaBHllIY [Shift] H Ha)IUIMaH npaBYJO KHOnKY MblllIH npH Haxox.ueHHH rpa$H'leCKOro KYPCOpa B pa6011ett 30He OKHaAutoCAD. 3TO n03BOAAeT BBO.UHTb tty)l(HbIH pe)IUfM o6beKTHOH rrpHBH3KH KaJK,UbIH pa3, Kor.ua CHCTeMa Tpe6yeT yr<.a3aTb KOOP.UMHaTbl 011epe,UHOH TO'IKH, M BbIITOnHHTbCH OH 6y.ueT TORbKO AAA yr<.a3aHHOH TO'IKH. 0.UHOpa30BbIH pe)IUfM o6beKTHOH npMBH3KH MOXeT 6bITb HCnonb30BaH TaIOKe npH pa6oTe c KJiaBHaTYPoif B npouecce .UHanora c KOMaH.n:HOti CTpOKOH ITYTeM BBO,Ua a66peBHaTYPbI Ha3BaHJUI rrpHMeHHeMOro HHCTpyMeHTa: ...point

CEN. Ilocne HaJKaTJUI KJiaBMllIM of B OTBeT cne.uyeT yr<.a3aTb

rrocne,n;yeT 3arrpoc cHcTeMbI: -

[Enter] nHHHIO

oKp~OCTH (,n;yry RJIH 3MHrrc), K ueHTpy KOTopoli aBTOMaTMecKH «npHBHXeTcH» KYPCOp. IlpHOpHTeT KOOP.UHHaT TO'leK, nonyqeHHbIX c nOMOIIJ.blO O,UHopa30BOH 06beKTHOH rrpHBH3KH Bbillle rrpHOPHTeTa, ycTaHOBneHHOfO AAA KOOp,UHHaT TO'leK noCTOHHHOfO pe)IUfMa, O,UHaKO H B 3TOM cnyqae HaHBhICllIHM np11op11TeToM 06na.ua10T 11HcneHHbie 3Ha11eHJUI Koop.uHHaT TO'leK, BBe,UeHHbie c KJiaBHaTYPbl.

,[(IDI

yrrpasneHJUI pe)IUfMOM

Hcnonb3YJOT KJiaBHllIY

[F3]

Osnap

(BKJIIO'leHJUI RJIM BhIKJIIO'leHJUI)

IUIH COOTBeTCTBYIOIIJ.YlO KHOITKY CTpOKH

COCTOHHIUI. Ilepe'IHCnHM HHCTpyMeHTbI (napaMeTpbl) pe)IUfMa 06beKTHOH npHBH3KH (rrponHCHbIMH 6YKBaMH BbI,UeneHbI COKpameHJUI rrapaMeTpOB, BBO.UHMbIX c KJiaBHaTYPbI npH pa6oTe c KOMaH,Il;HOH CTpOKOti): • ENDpoint -

onpe.ueneHMe KOOP.UHHaT TO'leK KOHUOB oTpe3Ka

IUIH ,nyrn;

227

• MIDpoint - onpe;:i;eJieHHe Koop;:i;HHaT ToqeK cepe;:i;HHhI OTPe3Ka, ;:i;yrn, cerMeHrn JIOMaHo:H HJIH MYJibTHJIHHHH;

• CENter -

onpe;:i;eJieHHe Koop;:i;HHaT ToqeK ueHTPa oKpyxttoCTH,

;:i;yrn HJIH 3JIJIHIIca;

• NODe - orrpe;:i;eJieHHe Koop;:i;HHaT ToqeqHhIX o6'beKToB; • QUAdrant - onpe;:i;eJieHHe KOOp;:J;HHaT KBa,n,paHTHblX rnqeK, T.e. ToqeK rrepeceqeHIDI KOOp;:J;HHaTHbIX oce:H c OKP}')l(HOCTbIO, .zzyro:H HJIH 3JIJIHIICOM; • INTersection - onpe;:i;eJieHHe Koop;:J;HHaT ToqeK rrepeceqeHIDI ;:i;Byx JIHHHH, JIHHHH c .zzyro:H HJIH OKP}')KHOCTbIO, ;:J;Byx OKP}')KHOCTeH H (HJIH) .zzyr, CIIJlaHHOB, rpaHHU o6JiaCTH; • EXTension - orrpe;:i;eJieHHe KOOp;:J;HHaT ToqeK JIHHHH, HBIDIIOIUHXCH BpeMeHHblM rrpo;:i;oJDKeHHeM CYIUeCTBYJOIUHX JIHHHH H .zzyr; • INSertion - onpe;:i;eJieHHe Koop;:i;HHaT ToqeK BCTaBKH TeKcTa, aTPH6yra, <t>opMbI, onpe;:i;eJieHIDI aTPH6yra HJIH 6JioKa; • PERpendicuiar - onpe;:i;eJieHHe KOOp;:J;HHaT TOqKH Ha JIHHHH, OKpyxttOCTH, 3JIJIHIICe, CIIJlaHHe HJIH .zzyre, KOTOpaH IIPH coe;:i;HHeHHH c IIOCJie;:i;HeH TOqKoH o6pa3yeT HOpMaJib K BbI6paHHOMY o6'beKTY; • TANgent - orrpe;:i;eJieHHe Koop;:i;HHaT ToqKH Ha oKpyxttoCTH HJIH .zzyre, KOTOpaH rrpH coe;:J;HHeHHH c IIOCJie;:i;HeH ToqKoH o6pa3yeT KacaTeJibHyro K Bb16paHHOMY o6'beKTY; • NEArest - onpe;:i;eJieHHe Koop;:i;HHaT ToqKH Ha JIHHHH, .zzyre HJIH OKpyxttOCTH, HBilllIOIUeHCH 6JIIDKaHIIIe:H K II03HUHH rrepeKpeCTIDI rpa<!>HqecKoro KYPCOpa; • APParent intersection - onpe;:i;eJieHHe Koop;:i;HHaT ToqKH KIDKYmerocH nepeceqeHIDI JIHHHH H rpaHHU o6JiacTe:H; • PARallel - onpe;:i;eJieHHe KOOp;:J;HHaT TOqKH Ha JIHHHH, KOTOpaH rrpH coe;:i;HHeHHH c IIOCJie;:J;He:H TOqKo:H o6pa3yeT JIHHHIO, napaJIJieJibHYJO Bb16paHHOMY OTPeJKY. Ami o6Jiel"leHIDI onepaUHH, CBH3aHHbIX c peXHMOM 06'beKTHOH npHBH3KH, IIIHpoKo HCIIOJih3yeTCH <l>YHKUIDI AutoSnap, o6Jia,n,aIOIUaH CJie;:J;yroIUHMH CBOHCTBaMH: • npH npoxo)l{)J;eHHH rpa<!>J.lqecKoro KYPCopa B6JIH3H xapaKTepHbIX ToqeK o6'beKTa Ka)l{)J;aH H3 3THX ToqeK IIOMeqaeTCH MapKepoM, <t>opMa KOTOporo COOTBeTCTByeT THny xapaKTepHOH TOqKH. TaKHM o6pa30M IIOJlb30BaTeJIIO rrpe;:J;OCTaBillleTCH rrpaBO npe;:i;BapHTeJibHOro IIPOCMOTpa xapaKTepHbIX rnqeK; • eCJIH Ha KOpOTKOe BpeMH 3a,n,ep)!GlTb KYPCOp B6JIH3H xapaKTepHOH TOqKH o6'beKTa, PMOM c MapKepOM IIOHBHTCH BCIIJlbIBaIOIUee OKHO, B KOTOpoM 6}'.lleT co;:i;ep:>IGlThCH Ha3BaHHe Bbl,lleJieHHOH xapaicrepHOH TO~; • npH npoxo)l{)J;eHHH rpa<!>J.lqecKoro KYPCOpa B6JIH3H xapaKTepHo:H TOqKH OH aBTOMaTJ.lqeCKH «IIPHTHfHBaeTCH» K He:H, T. e. CHCTeMa He TPe6yeT OT rroJib30BaTeJIH ToqHoro rroJHUHOHHpoBaHIDI KYPCOpa. HaCTPOHKa peXHMa AutoSnap, a TaIOKe Bhl6op uBeTa H pa3Mepa MapKepa OCYIUeCTBJIHIOTCH B rroJie AutoSnap Settings BKJia,n,KH Drafting ;:J;HaJIOroBoro OKHa Options.

228

Bw6op 061.eIITOB. 06'beKTbI (rpa<t>WiecKHe npHMHTHBbI) BbI6HpaIOTC.sI .llJUI BbIIIOJIHeHH.sI CJieJlYIOIUHX .u;eiicTBHit y.u;aJieHH.sI (Erase), nepeMeIUeHH.sI (Move), KOnHpoBaHH.sI (Copy) H .u;p. 06'beKT Bb16HpaeTC.sI BBO)lOM KOOp)lHHaT, nona.u;aJOIUHX Ha Hero, Jiu6o paMKOH, oXBaTbIBaiomeH: ero. Bb16paHHble o6'beKTbl no.u;cBeqHBaJOTC.sI Ha 3KpaHe 6eJiblM nyHKTHpOM. Bh16op o6'heKTOB npeKpamaerc.si: HIDKarneM npaBoH: KHonKoH: MhIIIIH, KJiaBHIIIH [Enter] HJIH npo6eJia H JaBepIIIaeT BblilOJIHeHHe KOMaH)lbl. B cHcTeMe AutoCAD BhI6op o6'beKToB BOJMO)l{eH nepe.u; H nocJie Ja)laHH.sI KOMaH)lbl. Bw6op 061.eIITOB nepeJJ; 33,ZUUllleM KOMaJl.AW. 3TOT MeTo.u;, .si:BJI.sI.sicb craH)lapTHblM .llJUI Bcex npHJioxeHHH Windows, .u;onycKaeT .sIBHoe yKaJaHHe o6'beKTa npm.i;eJioM rpa<l>WiecKoro KYPCopa H Bbl6op o6'beKTa c IlOMOIUbIO npe.u;noJiaraeMOH paMKH. TipH Bb16ope o6'beKTa rpa<l>WiecKHH: KYPCOP ycTaHaBJIHBaIOT Ha,u; nycToH: qacTbJO qeprexa H HaxuMaJOT JieByio KHOilKY MhIIIIH. B 3TOM cnyqae CHCTeMa BOCilpHHHMaeT yKaJaHHyio TOqKY KaK OJlHY HJ BepWHH np.si:MOYfOJlbHOro OKHa Bb16opa. PaJMep paMKH OKHa onpe.u;eJI.sIeTC.sI nocJie yKaJaHH.sI BTopoH: ToqKH. EcJIH .u;HaroHaJih paMKH yKaJbIBaeTc.si: CJieBa HanpaBO, Bbl6HpaIOTC.sI o6'beKTbI, IlOJIHOCThIO paJMeCTHBIIIHec.si: B oKHe Bb16opa. EcJIH )Ke .u;HaroHaJih paMKH YKaJbIBaeTc.si: cnpaBa HaJieBO, TO BbI6HpaIOTC.sI o6'beKTbl, He TOJibKO IlOJIHOCTbIO paJMeCTHBIIIHec.si: B OKHe BbI6opa, HO H nepeceKaIOIUHe paMKY. llpe,ll;BapHTeJ11tewii aw6op 061.euoa KOMaH,ll;oii Select. Bb16paHHb1e o6'heKThI xpaH.sITc.si: B naM.sITH AutoCAD u MOfYT 6bITh ucnoJibJOBaHbI .llJUI nocJieJlYIOmero pe.u;aKTHpoBaHHH. YnpaBJieHHe pe)l{HMaMH Bb16opa ocymecTBJI.si:eTc.si: c noMOIUhJO <l>JiaxKOB naHeJIH Selection Modes BKJia.u;KH Selection )lHaJioroeoro oKHa

Options. Bw6op 061.eIITOB DOCJie 38,ll;alllUI KOMaJl,ll;W. TipaKTWieCKH Bee KOMaH)lbl pe.u;aKTHpOBaHH.sI B CHCTeMe AutoCAD CHaqaJia npe)lJlaraIOT Bb16paTh O)lHH HJIH HeCKOJlbKO rpa<l>WieCKHX o6'heKTOB .llJUI IlOCJieJlYIOIUero MaHHnyJIHPOBaHH.sI c HHMH. TipH <t>opMHpOBaHHH BbI6opa IlO.sIBJI.sieTC.sI Janpoc: Select objects: H nepeKpecTHe rpa<t>WiecKoro KYPCOpa JaMeH.sieTc.si: MaJieHbKHM np.sIMoyroJihHHKOM (npHUeJioM). Bb16HpaeMb1H: o6'heKT )lOJDKeH IlOJIHOCTbIO nona.u;aTb B rpaHHUbl np.sIMOYfOJibHHKa HJIH nepeceKaTh OJlHY HJ ero CTOpOH. TipWieM npH TOJICTblX JIHHH.sIX np.sIMOYfOJlbHHKa TOqKa Bbl6opa )lOJI)l(Ha JiexaTb Ha rpaHHUe o6'beKTa, a He BHyqm Hero. PaJMep np.si:MOYfOJihHHKa MO)l{HO peryJIHpoBaTb c noMOIUhIO CHCTeMHOH nepeMeHHOH Pickbox. Bbl)laHHhIH CHCTeMoH: Janpoc Select objects: npe.u;noJiaraeT HCnOJihJOBaHHe paJJiffqffblX napaMerpoB .llJUI onpe.u;eJieHH.sI CBOHCTB Bbl6HpaeMblX o6'heKTOB (nponHCHbIMH 6YKBaMH Bhl)leJieHbl COKpaIUeHH.sI napaMerpoB, BBO)lHMblX c KJiaBHarypbI): • Window - Bhl6HpaeT o6'beKThI, noJIHOCTbJO paJMecTHBIIIHec.si: B oKHe Bbl6opa, paJMep H pacnoJioxeHHe KOToporo onpe.u;eJI.silOT .u;ee

229

rrponrnorroJIO)l(Hhie BepnmHhI np.si:MoyroJihHOH paMKH. B 3TOM CJIY'lae He Tpe6yeTc.si: pa3MemaTh nepByro Bepunrny np.si:MoyroJihHOH paMKH B rryCTOH qacTH qepTe:lKa. • Crossing - BhI6HpaeT o6heKThI, rroJIHOCTulO pa3MeCTIIBurnec.si: B oKHe BbI6opa HJIH nepeceqeHHbie ero np.SIMOyrOJibHOH paMKOH; • Last - aBTOMaTHqecKH BbI6HpaeT o6beKT, C03,UaHHblH IIOCJie.uHHM Ha TeKYUIHM qepTe:lKe; • Group - BhI6HpaeT o6beKThI, rrpHHa.uJie:lKaUIHe cooTBeTcTByrollleH rpyrrne; • Previous - BhI6HpaeT nocJie.UHHH Ha6op o6beKToB, YKa3aHHhIH Ll:Jl.SI pe.uaKTHPOBaHH.SI, TaK:lKe MO:lKeT HCilOJib30BaThC.SI Ll:Jl.SI BhI6opa Ha6opa, npe.uBapHTeJihHO cq>0pMHpoBaHHoro KOMatt.uoif Select; •Multiple - II03BOJI.SleT BhI6ttpaTh o6beKThI rryTeM .SIBHoro HX YKa3aHH.SI, IIpttqeM BbI6paHHhie 06beKTbl He IIO.UCBeqHBalOTC.SI .uo Tex nop, IIOKa He Ha:lKaTa KJiaBHIUa [Enter]; • Fence - BhI6HpaeT o6beKThI, nepeceqeHHbie orrpe,ueJI.SleMOH IIOJib30BaTeJieM JIOMaHOH JIHHHeH BbI6opa; • WPolygon - BhI6HpaeT o6beKThI, noJIHOCTblO pa3MemeHHbie BHYTPH o6JiaCTH, orpaHJiqeHHOH 3aMKHYTOH rroJIHJIHHHeif; • CPolygon - BbI6HpaeT 06beKTu1, rroJIHOCTblO pa3MemeHHhie BHYTPH o6JiaCTH, orpaHHqeHHOH 3aMKHYTOH rroJIHJIHHHeif, H o6beKThI, KOTOpbie nepeceKalOT IIOJIHJIHHHIO; •Auto - II03BOJI.SleT BhI6ttpaTb o6beKTbI IIYTeM .SIBHOro HX YKa3aHM, a B cJiyqae YKa3aHH.SI Toqm B rrycToit qacTH qepTe:lKa o6ecrreqHBaeT Bh16op ofueKToB crroco6oM rrpe.urroJiaraeMoif paMKH; • Single - rro3BOJI.SleT BhI6paTb TOJihKO O.UHH o6beKT, rrocJie qero rrpou:ecc Bh16opa aBTOMaTHqecm npeKpamaeTc.S1; •ALL - BbI6HpaeT Bee ofueKThI, He pa3MeUieHHhie Ha 3a6JIOKHpoBaHHhIX HJIH 3aMopo:lKeHHblX CJIO.SIX; • BOX - BbI6HpaeT o6beKThI rro rrpaBHJiaM, rrpHH.SIThIM Ll:Jl.SI cnoco6a rrpe.urroJiaraeMOH paMm; • undo - II03BOJI.SleT Y.UaJIHTb H3 Ha6opa IIOCJie,UHHH .uo6aBJieHHbIH o6beKT; • Add - no3BOJI.SleT .uo6aBHTb o6beKT K TeKYUieMy Ha6opy nocJie rrpHMeHeHH.SI rrapaMeTpa Remove; • Remove - rro3BOJI.SleT Y.UaJIHTh o6beKTbI H3 TeKYUiero Ha6opa IIYTeM rroBTOpHoro .SIBHoro HX YKa3aHM. IloCJie)J,oeaTe.Jlbe1a1ii npocMOTp 061.eKTOe e1a16opa. 11Hor.ua HeB03MO:lKHO BhI6paTb o6beKT 6e3 CJIY'laHHoro YKa3aHM .upyroro 6JIH3Jle:lKaUiero 06beKTa HJIH Tpe6yeTC.SI BbI6paTb o6beKT, HaXOMUIHHC.SI no.u ,upyrHM 06beKTOM. ,[LJui: TaKHX CJIY'laeB B CHCTeMe AutoCAD npe.uycMoTpeHa B03MO:lKHOCTb U:HKJittqeCKOfO rrepe6opa 06beKTOB. IlOCJie,UOBaTeJibHOCTb ,ueifCTBHH npH 3TOM cJie.uyiomM: => ycTaHOBHTb np.SIMOYfOJibHHK rrpHueJia Ha,u HY:lKHbIM MeCTOM (B orneT Ha 3arrpoc Select object) u, Ha:lKaB KJiaBHllIY [Ctrl], meJIK-

230

H}'Tb KHOnKOH MbIIIIH. IlporpaMMa AutoCAD OTBeTHT C006lll,eHHeM

Cycle on H Bb16epeT nepBhIH o6'beKT, KOTOphIH 6y,L1,eT no,L1,cae1:1ett; => eCJIH BhI6paH He TOT o6'beKT, lll,eJIKH}'Tb KHOTIKOH MbIIIIH elll,e pa3; => HIDKaTb KJiaBHIIIy [Enter] ,ll,JUI 3aBepIIIeHIDI nepe6opa o6'beKToB, eCJIH tty)KHblH o6'heKT Bbl,ll,eJieH. IlpH BbIIIOJIHeHHH nocJie,ll,OBaTeJibHblX lll,eJI1:1KOB KHOnKOH MbIIIIH <t>aKTH1:1ecKoe pacnoJio:x<:eHHe npHI.i;eJia Bhl6opa Hecylll,ecTBeHHO. 06JiaCT'b noHCKa 3aBHCHT TOJibKO OT pacnOJIO:x<:eHIDI KYPCOpa B MOMeHT HHHllHaJIH3al.lHH npoQecca 1lHKJIH1:1ecKoro nepe6opa o6'beKTOB.

15. 7.

OcHOBHble KOMaHAbl

AutoCAD

OcHOBHhie KOMaH,ll,hI c11cTeMh1 AutoCAD MOXHO pa3,ll,eJIHTh Ha cJie,ll,}'IOlll,He rpynnhI: ,ll,JUI C03,ll,aHIDI rpa<t>H1:1eCKHX npHMHTHBOB, ynpaBJieHIDI pa60TOH CHCTeMbl, pe,ll,aKTHpOBaHIDI. OnHIIIeM HeCKOJihKO KOMaH,ll,, no3BOIDIIOlll,HX HaCTPOHTh cpe,ll,y ,ll,JUI y,L1,06Ho:H pa6oThI AutoCAD H ynpaBJU1T'b npoQeccoM npoeKTHpoaaHIDI. OcHOBHhie peXHMhI pa6oTbI cHcTeMbl HH,ll,HllHPYJOTCH B CTPOKe COCTOHHIDI H MOI)'T MeHHTbCH npH ,ll,BOHHOM HIDKaTHH Ha COOTBeTCTBYJOlll,YJO ee KHOnKY.

KoMaH,ll,a

Save.

Ha3Ha1:1eH11e -

coxpaHHT'h pe3yJihTaThI pe,ll,aKTH-

poaaHHH TeKylll,ero o6'heKTa c 3aTIHChIO qepTexa Ha ,ll,HCK.

KoMaH,ll,a

End.

Ha3Ha1:1eHHe -

3aKOH'IHTh pe,ll,aKTHpoaaHHe TeKY-

lll,ero o6'heKTa c 3anHChIO 1:1epTexa Ha ,ll,HCK.

KoMaH,ll,a

Snap.

Ha3Ha1:1eHHe -

ycTaHOBHTh mar nepeMelll,eHIDI

KYPCOpa (TO'IHOCTb BBO,ll,a KOOp,ll,HHaT) MblIIIbIO. IlO,ll,KOMaH,ll,bI:

On -

BKJIIO'IHT'h ycTaHoBJieHHbie napaMeTPhl no TO'IHOCTH;

Off- BhIKJIIO'IHT'h (He oKpyrJIHTh H He noaopa1:111aaTh);

<Value> - 3a,ll,aT'b O,ll,HHaKOBYJO TO'IHOCTb no Aspect - 3a,ll,aTb TO'IHOCTb OT,ll,eJibHO no x H Y; Rotate - 3a,ll,aTb KOOp,ll,HHaTbl 6a30BOH TO'IKH H

nOBOpOTa KOOp,ll,H-

HaTHOH CeTKH;

Style - BhI6paTb IlIYIO cnoco6HocTb. 4. KoMaH,ll,a Grid.

CTaH,ll,apTHYJO HJIH H30MeTPH1:1ecKYJO pa3perna10Ha3Ha1:1eHHe -

BH3yaJIH3HpoaaTb Ha 3KPaHe ,ll,HC-

TIJieH Y3Jlbl <t>oHOBOH BcnoMoraTeJibHOH KOOp,ll,HHaTHOH ceTKH c 3a,ll,aHHbIMH noJib30BaTeJieM HHTepaaJiaMH Me)K)J.y HHMH. Bo3MOXHbie OTBeTbI Ha 3anpoc cHcTeMhl no YMOJI1:1aH1110: • eCJIH 3Ha1:1eHHe napaMeTPa no YMOJI1:1aHHIO )l.1UI HHTepaaJia KOOp,ll,HHaTHOH ceTKH YCTPaHaaeT noJib30BaTeIDI, HIDKaTb KJiaBHIIIY [Enter]; • BBeCTH c nOMOlllblO KJiaBHaTYPbI y,L1,06Hoe 3Ha'IeHHe HHTepBaJia ceTKH B e,ll,HHHl.lax H3MepeHIDI 1:1epTexa (o,L1,HHaKoaoe no ocHM

XH Y);

• eCJIH Heo6xo.z:i;HMO ycTaHOBHTb HHTepaarr <t>oHOBOH KOOP.D:HHaTHOH ceTKH, KPaTHhIH <t>HKCHpoaaHHOMY IIIary rpa<t> 111:1ecKoro KYPCO-

231

pa, KOTOpblH ycTaHOBJieH ,lLIDI pe)l(HMa Snap, nocne COOTBeTCTB}'IOIUeii umppbl BBeCTH ,llmI HCnOJib30BaHIDI .n.onoJIHHTeJibHbIX napaMeTpOB KOMaH,D,y noBTOp~nOT: Specify grid spacing(}() or On/Off/Snap/Aspect<O>: (3a.n.aiiTe HHTepsan ceTKH (X) HJIH ... <JHaqeHHe napaMeTpa no YMOJil.l:aHmo>:). BoJMO)l(Hbie OTBeTbI Ha Janpoc: On - BH3YaJIH3HpyeT KOOp,ll.HHaTHyID ceTKY c TeKYU-t:HMH HHTepsaJiaMH Me)l{,ll,y ee y3JlaMH; Off - y.n.ami:eT ceTKY c 3KpaHa. 5. KoMaH,D,a Limits. HaJHaqeHHe -ycTaHOBHTh rpaHHUhI TeKYU-t:ero qepTe)l(a B npocTpaHCTBe JIHCTa HJIH MO,ll.eJIH H o6ecneqHTb KOHTpOJib HX co6mo.n.eHIDI. B OTBeT Ha KOMaH,D,y CHCTeMa BbI,ll.aeT coo6meHHe, B KaKOM npoCTpaHCTBe (JIHCTa HJIH MO,ll.eJIH) ycTaHOBJieHbl orpaHHqeHIDI, a 3aTeM cne.ll.}'IOT nepBbIH Janpoc H cnHcoK .n.onoJIHHTeJihHhIX napaMeTpos: Reset

Model space limits: Specify lower left corner or [On/Off] <O. 0000, 0. 0000>: (Bse.n;HTe Koop.n;HHaTbI nesoro HH)l(Hero yrna HJIH ... <JHaqeHHe napaMeTpa no YMOJiqaHmo>:). BoJMO)l(Hhie OTBeTbI Ha Janpoc CHCTeMbI no YMOJiqaHmo: • ecJIH TeKYU-t:He JHaqeHIDI Koop.n;HHaT TOqKH HH)l(Hero nesoro yrna qepTe)l(a y.n;oBJieTBopHIOT noJib30BaTeAA, Ha)l(aTh KJiaBHrny [Enter]; • BBeCTH c nOMOIUblO KJiaBHaTYPbI HOBbie 3HaqeHIDI KOOp,ll.HHaT ToqKH HH)l(Hero nesoro yrna qepTe)l(a; • YKaJaTb rpact>HqecKHM KYPCOpoM Ha 3KpaHe TOqKY Hosoro nono)l(eHIDI HH)l(Hero nesoro yrna qepTe)l(a. BTOpoU: Janpoc CHCTeMbI cne.n.yroIUHii: Specify upper right corner <420.0000,297.0000>: (Bse.n;HTe KOOP.ll.HHaThI npasoro sepXHero yrna <JHaqeHHe napaMeTpa no YMOJiqaHHIO>:). BoJMO)l(Hbie OTBeTbI Ha Janpoc CHCTeMhI no YMOJiqaHHIO: • eCJIH Ha,ll.O OCTaBHTb BepXHHH npaBbIH npe.n.en qepTe)l(a 6e3 H3MeHeHIDI, Ha)l(aTb KJiaBHIIIY [Enter]; • BBeCTH c noMOIUbIO KJiaBHaTYPbl HOBbie 3HaqeHIDI KOOp,ll.HHaT TOqKH sepXHero npasoro yrna qePTe)l(a JIH6o YKaJaTb ee noJIO)l(eHHe rpact>Hl.l:ecKHM KYPCOpoM Ha 3KpaHe. ,llmI aKTHBH3aUHH KOHTpOAA CHCTeMbl 3a ycTaHOBJieHHbIMH npe.n.eJiaMH qepTe)l(a KOMaH.ll.Y Limits Heo6xo.n;HMO noBTOpHTb. B oTBeT Ha KOMaH.ll.Y Reset Model space limits: noHBHTCH Janpoc Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF} <0.0000,0.0000>: (Bse.n.HTe Koop.n;HHaTbI nesoro HH)l(Hero yrna HJIH . . . <JHaqeHHe napaMeTpa no YMOJiqaHmo>:). BoJMO)l(Hbie oTBeTbI Ha Janpoc: • On - BKJI10qaeT KOHTpOJih co6n10.n.eHIDI npe.n.enos qepTe)l(a, coxpaHIDI HX TeKYU-t:He JHaqeHIDI; • Off - BhIKJIIOqaeT KOHTpOJih co6n10.n.eHIDI npe.n.enos qepTe)l(a. 6. KoMaH,D,a Osnap. HaJHaqeHHe - ycTaHOBHTh pe)l(HM o6'beKTHhIX npHBH30K.

232

B KaqecTBe no;::i;KoMaH.U qepe3 3aruITYJO nepeqHcmi:IOTCR Tpe6yeMbie pe:xrn:Mbl npHBR3KH:

None - HeT npHBR3KH; Center - :u;eHTp OKPYJKHOCTH HJIH ,rzyrn; End - KOHeqHaR ToqKa; Mid - cepe,z:i;HHa oTpe3Ka, ;zyrn; Perpendicular - nepneH.UHKY.illlP K oTpe3KY, ;zyre; Intersection - ToqKa nepeceqeHHR; Insert - TOqKa BCTaBKH o6'beKTa HH3IIIero ypoBHR; Nearest - 6nIDKaHIIIaR ToqKa; Node - y3en; Tangent - ToqKa KacaHHR nyqa, npoBe,z:i;eHHoro H3 nocne;::i;HeH:

BBe-

;::i;eHHOH TOqKH. Ilo;::i;KOMaH,Ua

Quick B KOM6HHaI.J;HH c

nepeqHcJieHHbIMH IlOJ(KOMaH-

;::i;aMH 3a,u:aeT pe:xrn:M 6blCTpOH npHBR3KH (K nepBOH IlO,lJ.XOJl;RII.l,eH TOqKe), B npoTHBHOM xe cnyqae npocMaTpHBaIOTCR BCe TOqKH H H3 HHX BbI6HpaeTCR TOqKa, 6JIHXaHIIIaR K BBe;::i;eHHOH KOOpJl;HHaTe. IlpH pa60Te peXHMa npHBR3KH rpa<t>JiqeCKHH KypCOp MOJl;H¢>H:u;HpyeTCR H B MeCTe nepeKpeCTHR JIHHHH IlORB.llleTCR MaJieHbKHH KBa.u;paT (npH:u;en). IlpHBR3Ka ocymecTBmi:eTcR K TOqKaM, nonaBIIIHM B npH:u;en.

B JII06o:U

MOMeHT npH BBO;::i;e KOOpJl;HHaTbl MOXHO 3a,u:aTb JIOKaJibHbIH

peXHM npHBR3KH K 06'beKTaM, ;::i;eHCTBYIOII.1,HH TOJibKO Ha OJl;HY nocneJ(YIOII.l,ylO KOOpJl;HHary, J(JUI qero BMeCTO 3anpaIIIHBaeMOH KOOpJl;HHa-

Tbl ffYXHO c KJiaBHaTYPbI BBeCTH OJl;HH H3 pe:xrn:MOB npHBR3KH, qTo BbI30BeT noRBJieHHe npH:u;ena. TaKHM xe cnoco6oM MOXHO H H3MeHHTb npHBR3KY OJl;HOH BBOJl;HMOH KOOpJl;HHaTbl, eCJIH IlOCTORHHO 3a;::i;aHHbie pe:xrn:Mbl npHBR3KH He IlOJ(XOMT, HJIH xe (KaK qacTHbIH cnyqa:U) JIOKaJibHO OTMeHHTb Bee npHBR3KH

KoMaH,Ua

Zoom.

HaJHaqeHHe -

(Non).

ycTaHOBHTb MaCIIITa6, a ToqHee,

onpe;::i;eJIHTb, KaKYIO qaCTb qePTeXa BbIBeCTH Ha 3KpaH (He BJIHReT Ha pa3Mepb1 Mo;::i;enH HJIH qepTexa). Ilo;::i;KOMaH,UbI:

Magnifications :U:bI -

3a,u:aTb MaCIIITa6HhlH MHO:xrn:TeJib (6oJibIIIe e,z:i;HHH-

YBeJIHqHTb, MeHbIIIe e;::i;HHH:U:bI -

yMeHbIIIHTb). IlpH 3TOM :u;eHTp

3KpaHa coxpaHReTcR;

All -

ycraHOBHTh OKHO, T. e. rpaHH:u;bl qeprexa, 3MaHHbie KOMaH,UoH:

Limits, a eCJIH qeprex BbIXO;::i;HT 3a 3TH rpaHH:u;bI, BbIBecTH Beeb qeprex; Center - 3a,z:i;aTb :u;eHTp OKHa H MaCIIITa6HbIH MHO:xrn:Tenb; Extens - BbIBeCTH MaKCHMaJibHO KpynHO Beeb qepTex; Left - 3a,z:i;aTb neBbIH HHXHHH yron H MaCIIITa6HbIH MHO:xrn:Tenb; Previous - BOCCTaHOBHTb npe;::i;blJ(yII.l,HH MaCIIITa6; Window - 3a,z:i;aTb neBblH HHXHHH H npaBbIH BepXHHH yrnbI BbIBOJl;HMoro Ha 3KpaH OKHa;

Dynamic -

3a,[(aTb MaCIIITa6 B J(HHaMHqeCKOM pe:xrn:Me.

PeKOMeH;::i;yeTcR npH ttaCTpOHKe napaMeTpOB AutoCAD Ha ocHoB-

HYIO naHeJib HHCTpyMeHTOB BbIBeCTH OCHOBHbie

KHOITKH KOMaH,Ubl Mac-

233

IIITa6wpoBamra, eooTBeTeTByiorn;we rro;::i;KoMaH,IJ;aM: Center, Dynamic,

Window, J(o 2panuu, 11epmeJ1Ca, All, Previous. 8. KoMaH,IJ;a Fill. Ha3HaqeHMe - yeTaHOBMTh pe:xorn JaKpaeKM 3JieMeHTOB M306pIDKemui:, MMeIOrn;MX 3a,ll;aHHyio IIIMpMHy e IIOMOIIJ;hlO eJie;::i;yiorn;wx rrepeKJI10qaTeJieli: On - BKJI10qwTh pe.xrnM JaKpaeKM; Off - BhIKJI10qMTh pe.xrnM JaKpaeKM ( eeJIM BhIBO.ll:MTeH TOJihKO KOHTYP 3JieMeHTa). 9. KoMaH,IJ;a Redraw. Ha3HaqeHMe - o6HOBMTh M3o6pIDKeHMe Ha 3KpaHe. Ilpw 6oJihIIIOM qweJie onepau;wli pe;::i;aKTMpoBaHMH Ha 3KpaHe HaKaIIJIMBaIOTeH ;::i;ecpeKTbI M306pIDKeHMH, OTeYTeTByiorn;we B rpacpwqeeKOM Mo;::i;eJIM. HanpMMep, eeJIM eTepeTh o;::i;MH M3 ;::i;Byx nepeeeKa10rn;mceH OTPe3KOB, Ha oeTaBIIIeMeH 0TPe3Ke B TOqKe nepeeeqeHMH IIOHBMTeH pa3phIB. Ha 3KpaHe oeTaroTeH TaIOKe ;::i;ecpeKThI OT pweoBaHMH M y;::i;aneHMH MapKepoB npM BbI6ope ToqeK M 06beKTOB. B noeJie,ll;HMX BepeMHX AutoCAD noqTM Bee ;::i;ecpeKThI TaKoro po;::i;a yeTPaHH10TeH aBTOMaTMqeeKM. KoMaH,IJ;a Redraw noBTOpHo BhIBO.ll:MT Bee 3JieMeHThI, nonaBIIIMe B OKHO pa6oqeJ;i 30Hhl. 10. KoMaH,IJ;a Regen. Ha3HaqeHMe - JaHoBo BhrneeTM M3o6pIDKeHMe Ha 3KpaH. IlpM eMJihHOM YBeJiwqeHMM MaeIIITa6a IIJiaBHhie KpMBhie (HanpMMep, oKp}')l(HoeTM, ;::i;yTM) 6y;::i;yr annpoKeMMMpoBaTheH oqeHh rpy6o, XOTH ;::i;o annpoKeMMaU:MM MX KaqeeTBO 6bIJIO ;::i;oeTaToqHo xopOIIIMM. ~ nOBhIIIIeHMH KaqeeTBa M306pIDKeHMH MenoJib3yeTeH KOMaH,IJ;a Regen, KOTOpaH MHMU:MMpyeT noJIHhIM npoxo;::i; onepan;MM no MeTacpaliJiy eweTeMhI AutoCAD. Ilpw 3TOM JaHoBo npoM3BOMTeH onepau:m1 oTeeqeHMH M306pIDKeHMH o6beKTa no OKHy pa6oqeJ;i 30Hhl M eBOMeTBaM eJIOeB, a TaIOKe HaeTpOMKa KaqeeTBa annpoKeMMaU:MM IIJiaBHhIX KpMBhIX. KoMaH,IJ;a Regen o6eeneqwBaeT noJiyqeHMe 6oJiee rrpaBMJihHoro M KaqeeTBeHHoro M306pIDKeHMH, HO BhIIIOJIHHeTeH Me)J;JleHHee, qeM KOMaH,IJ;a Redraw. 11. KoMaH,IJ;a Menu. Ha3HaqeHwe - eoJ;::i;aBaTh HOBhie MeH10. noMOIIJ;hlO HOBOro MeHIO onhITHhIM noJib30BaTeJib MO)l(eT HaeTPOMTh eweTeMY AutoCAD Ha npwKJia;::i;Hoe npoeKTwpoBaHMe. Ilpw 3TOM MeHIO onMebrnaeTeH B eMMBOJihHOM BM,ll;e M pe;::i;aKTMpyeTeH o6b{qHbIM TeKeTOBhIM pe;::i;aKTOpOM. IlpM 3arpy3Ke eMMBOJibHhIB cpaliJI MeHIO TPaHeJIMpyeTeH BO BHyTPeHHee rrpe;::i;eTaBJieHMe AutoCAD, T. e. )J;JIH Ka)l(,ll;oro qepTe)l(a eoxpaHHeTeH TeKYIIJ;ee MeH10 3TOro qepTe)l(a. <l>parMeHT 3KpaHa e M3MeHeHHhIM HMena;::i;arorn;MM MeHIO )J;JIH eMeTeMbI npoeKTMpOBaHMH pa;::i;Mo3JieKTPOHHOM annapaTYPhI CBq-;::i;wanaJoHa npMBe;::i;eH Ha pwe. 15.4. IlpM e03,ll;aHMM HOBoro MeHIO wenOJih3YIOT eJie;::i;y10rn;Me no;::i;KoMaH,IJ;bI: Menuload - HaeTPOMKa oeHOBHOro HMena;::i;arorn;ero MeH10; Layer - HaeTPOMKa eBolieTB eJioeB.

234

. I

~file fdit

~joa lfti m'oo

/. + ....:.J

oq,

t: 0.

lli

Pttc.

15.4.

/' /

<l>parMeHT 3Kpatta c H3MeHeHHbIM HHcrra,n;a10111HM IIOJib30BaTeJibCKHM MeHIO

Ilo.uKoMaima

On -

Layer HMeeT

cJieJJ:YIOmHe pe)K]{MhI:

BKJIIO'lllTh OTo6pIDKeHHe CJIOSI HJIH JiaMIIO'IK)' B CTpOKe CBOHCTB

CJIOSI;

Off- BhIKmoqHTh cnoH:; Set - ycTaHOBHTh ( c.uenaTh TeKYIIJ.HM) CJIOH HJIH Make - co3.n;aTh HOBhIH cno:H.; New - co3.n;aTh 3KBHBaJieHTHOCTh Make+ Set;

j1MeH08SHHble t;>MJlbTpbl CllOA

noKa3aTb BCe C/lOM

.r:

TeK!:JW.Mi'.:t cnoc:t: oceebte

.... ....

scnoM o6B0J1Ka oceeb1e a>M•P••

,,.

leKyU.1,MH

fipi.tMeHWTb K naHeJlt.1 MHCTpYMeHTOB.

SHADE DefPoints

J;;oOl!OTb

.Q6p&Hb!Ci <!>WllbTIJ.

3 ... 0

KHOIIKY;

Uaer

Twnn"'*" CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUS 6e11b1et D 6enb0:. CONTINUOUS • Po3osb11'.1 CONTINUOUS D 6enb&< CONTINUOUS D 6enbll:'t DASHDDTX2 CwH11Ci COllTlllUOUS

D 6enb1Ci

r r r

To11W.HHa1111...

Cntnb~ ...

Ueer_7 Ueer_? User_? Ueer_S 0.30mm Ueer_? O.OOmm Uoer_7 0 OOmm •

O.OOmm O.OOmm O.OOmm O.OOmm

!!btK.n .0.llA .O.WCnlleA

,JaKpbrrb An• npaBKW

He !!e<l&Brb ,JaMOpo3i.tTb BO ecex ce4eH"1AX

7 Bcero c.noes 7 noKa3aHHble Cl10M

PHC.

15.5. 0KHO JJ)UI HaCTpOitKH CBOitCTB CJIOSI

235

IIOJIY'IHTb HH<popMau;mo o cnoe;

? * - IIOJIY'IHTb HHcPOpMau;mo 0 Bcex CJIOHX. B AutoCAD 2000 rrpH BbI30Be rro,n;KoMaH,Ll;bI Layer B03HHKaeT oKHo

,n;JIH HaCTPOHKH CBOHCTB CJIOH, IIOKa3aHHOe Ha PHC. 15.5. IlpH rrpoeKTHPOBaHHH MO,D;eJIH o6'heKTa peKOMeH,IzyeTCH C03,D;aBaTb CJIOH ,n;JIH pa3JIH'IHbIX COCTaBJIHIOiu;HX qacTeit o6'beKTa c yqeTOM BCeB03MO.>KHblX OTJIWIHH. HarrpHMep, Hecy:IIIHX KOHCTP)'KIIHH, 3JieKTPOHHbIX KOMIIOHeHT H ,n;p. IlpH pa6oTe c MO,D;eJIHMH qepTe)l{eH peKOMeH,IzyeTCH C03,D;aBaTb CJIOH c pa3JIH'IHOH HaCTPOHKOH THIIa JIHHHH, T. e. JIHHHH IIOBbIIIIeHHOH TOJIIu;HHbl .D;JIH o6ao,n;KH KOH'rypoa, oceBbie, IIITPHxrryHKTHpHbie H rryHKTHpHbie JIHHHH.

15.8. HacTpOMKa pa6o"leM cpeAbl AutoCAD Ilo,n; HaCTPOHKOH pa6oqeit cpe,D;bl AutoCAD IIOHHMaJOT: • HaCTPOHKY rraHeneit HHCTPYMeHToa; • HaCTPOHKY CHCTeMbl MeH10; • BbI6op Heo6xo,n;HMbIX pe)l{HMOB pa60Tbl c IIOMOiu;blO KOMaH,LI;

yrr-

paBJieHHH pa60TOH. IlapaMeTPhI pa6oqeit cpe,n;bI (KpoMe rraHeneit HHCTPYMeHTOB) 3aIIOMHHaIOTCH B cl>aitJie qepTe)l{a.

f no6aJibHYIO

HaCTPOHKY pa6oqeit cpe,D;bl B AutoCAD rrpOH3BOMT

.D;OBOJibHO pe,n;KO -

rrpH ycTaHOBKe CHCTeMbl H HaCTPOHKe ee Ha crre-

U:HaJIH3HpoBaHHOe rrpoeKTHPOBaHHe o6'heKTOB B COCTaBe CKB03HOH CHCTeMbl aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOro rrpoeKTHpOBaHHH H rrpOH3BO.D;CTBa.

HacTpoitKe pa6oqeit cpe,n;hI MO.>KHO OTHeCTH ycTaHOBKY Heo6xo-

.D;HMbIX cl>aitJioa (HarrpHMep, cl>aitJioa pycttcl>Hu;HpoaaHHbIX IIIPHcPTOB), 6H6JIHOTeK 6JIOKOB H MO,n;yneM. Ha H3bIKe JlHCII ,n;JIH KOHKpeTHOH o6naCTH rrpoeKTHPOBaHHH. IlpH HCIIOJib30BaHHH 11Ia6JIOHOB ace HaCTPOHKH pa6oqeit cpe,D;bl B HOBbie qepTe)l{H rrepe,n;aJOTCH H3 HHX, H BO BpeMH pa60Tbl rrpH Heo6xo,n;HMOCTH MeHHJOT TOJibKO OT,D;eJibHbie rrapaMeTPbl.

HacTpoiiKa ma6Jioua (ma6Jiouoe).

HacTpoitKa 11Ia6JIOHOB rrpoH3-

BO.D;HTCH 3IIH30.D;HqecKH: IIOCJie ycTaHOBKH CHCTeMbl AutoCAD Ha KOMIIbJOTep H B cnyqae Heo6xo.n;HMOCTH C03,D;aHHH HOBbIX IIIa6noHOB. CaMbIH rrpocrnit crroco6 ycTaHOBKH IIIa6noHOB Ha KOMIIbJOTep rrepeIIHCaTb fOTOBbie IIIa6JIOHbl H3 ,n;pyrHX HCTQqHHKOB B rrarrKy c:\Program files\AutoCAD 2000\Template. PeKoMeH,IzyeTcH co3,n;aHHe rrycToro IIIa6noHa, orrpe,n;eJIH10mero cl>opMaT JIHHHH, pa3MepoB, TeKCTa.

,[(ml

ycTaHOBKH THIIOB JIHHHH IIPH co-

3,D;aHHH IIIa6JIOHa HCIIOJib3yeTCH KOMaH,Ll;a HHCIIa,n;a10mero MeHIO

Mam

CmWlb 11unuu.

JIHHHH -

CIIJIOIIIHyJO, IIITpHXOByIO H OCeByJO, BblCTaBHB MH ,n;Byx

IIOCJie,D;HHX MaCIIITa6HbIH K03cPcPHU:HeHT (o6bNHO 0,2).

236

<l>op-

IlpH 3TOM )l{eJiaTeJihHO orrpe,n;eJIHTb TPH THrra

Arni pe.n:aKTHpOBamrn CTHJie:H TeKCTa HCilOJih3yeTCH KOMaH,n:a MeHIO * CmUJlb meKcma, c noMOIUhIO KOTopo:H co3,n:aIOT HOBbie rnpmpTbl B COOTBeTCTBHH c fOCToM BbICOTOH 3, 5, 7, 10 MM. Arni <PopMam

KIDK,Iloro CTH.illl 'l'pe6yeTCH YKa3aTu <t>a:HJI rnpH<t>Ta (HanpHMep, gostw.shx HJIH Arial), yroJI HaKJIOHa CHMBOJIOB H BbICOTY. 0KHO ,n:JIH onpe,n:eJieHHH CTHJIH TeKCTa IlOKa3aHO Ha pHC. 15.6. Arni pe,n:aKTHpOBamUI CTHJie:H pa3Mepa HCilOJlb3yeTCH KOMaH,n:a MeHIO <PopMam * Ho6blu cmUJlb pa3Mepa, c noMOIUhIO KOTopo:H onpe,n:eJIHIOT CTHJlb TeKCTa, KOTOpbIM <t>opMaTHPYIOTCH pa3MepHbie qffcJia, JIHHHH, BH.n: cTpeJioK, pacnoJio)KeHHe pa3MepHbIX qHceJI ( c HcnoJib30BaHHeM 3aKJia,n:KH Pacno/loJ1Cenue), <t>opMaT .n:onycKa (c noMOIUhIO 3aKJia,n:KH ,l(onycK) (pHc. 15.7, 15.8). 3areM CJie.n:yeT HaC'l'pOHTb mar npHBH3KH KOOp,n:HHaT TeKCTa - 1 MM, ycTaHOBHTb ceTKY - 10 MM H qacTO HCilOJib3yeMbie pe)KHMbl o6'beKTHbIX npHBH30K - End, Mid, Cen. )lanee 'l'pe6yeTCH coxpaHHTh co3,n:aHH1>1:H nycrn:H rna6JioH no.n: HMeHeM GOST.dwt B nanKe c :\Program files\AutoCAD 2000\Template. IlpH C03,n:aHHH Ha OCHOBe nycToro rna6JIOHa HOBOro qepTe)Ka MO)KHO HapHCOBaTb, HCITOJih3YH npHMHTHBhI Line H Text, ocHOBHYIO (llITaMil) H 60KOBYIO Ha.D:IlHCH H coxpaHHTb HX COOTBeTCTBeHHO B <t>a:HJiax B pa3,n:eJie noJI1>3oBaTeJIH, HanpHMep no.n: HMeHaMH shtampl.dwg H shtamp2.dwg COOTBeTCTBeHHO. 3aTeM Ha 6a3e nycToro rna6JIOHa MO)KHO C03,n:aTb HOBblH <t>a:HJI fOCT-A4.dwg, HapHCOBaTb B HeM paMKY H, BCTaBHB 6JIOKH shtampl.dwg H shtamp2.dwg, coxpaHHTh HOBhlH rna6JioH B <t>a:HJie fOCT-A4.dwg B nanKe c:\Program files\AAutoCAD 2000\Template. AHanorffqHO MO)KHO co3,n:aT1> rna6JIOHhI <t>opMaTOB A3, A2, Al.

ja6BrJlPY<I>

j]pOCMorp

PHc. 15.6. OKHo .!lIDl onpe.neJieHIDI CTHJUI TeKcTa 237

iJJ3

c:# HoBblM CTMnb pasMepa rDCT flMHMt.-1 CTpellKl-1 J TeKCT] PacnonomeHMe

I Octt06Hb1e eAMHltlUbt) AllbTepHan.-ieHble eJli..tHMUbt J .±J

llMHMM pa3Mepoe,,,.,,..,..,,..,.,,..,..,.,,..,....,.,,,.,..,,,""I: l!eer:

ID ByBlock

lonlUMHa nMHMM:

r-1_-B_y_B_lo_c_k_ _ _.....,.

8blli.QC sa orpaHw1.1wreflbH~IO' JlMHMIO:

PsccroRHMe MelK.11.Y pasMepHbtMM JlMH"1s:tMM:

YnanHTb:

D.MHMIO 1

8bJHOCHbte m-tHMi.t

l!j;]

l!eer:

lonlUMHa flMHMM.

J~--8-y_B_lo_c_k_ _ _ _,...I

ByBlock

8,2!CT~n BblHOCHblM JtMHMi:t:

Qrcryn or o6beKra:

2·,a;

Ji! 3 aKpaWeHHas:t crpenKa

jzbtHocKa·

f ~ 3aKpaweHttas:i crpe.nKa

a EJ

P----8

PHc. 15.7. OKHo .n;u:1 orrpe,neJiemrn CTHJUI TeKcTa - pa3MepHbIX 'IHCeJI

fli.tHMJ..t crpe11KM

TeKcr

J OcttOBHb1e etlMH"1Ubl)

Pacnon0>KeHMe

A11brepHaTMBHb1e

~1..+H~b1)

•

B1111reKcra _,,,,...,..,,,.,,""'""'"".,..,..,...,,,.,,,.,.,,.~:

J;;r>inb TeKcra: IOCT3 l!eer reKcra:

ByBlock

ftblCOTa TeKCT a:

Macwra6 gpo61<:

faMKa BOKPYfTeKCTa

IHiltl Ilo ropM30HTanM: Ino ueHTpy no eeprn<anM:

("" rOpM30HTanbHO

CraH11apr ISO

J;;npasKa

PHc. 15.8. OKHo .nmi: orrpe.neJieHIDI JIHHHil H crpeJioK

238

B ,ll;a.JihHeil:rneM HOBhie <t>a:M.rrhl MO,ll;eneil: o6'beKToB MO)l(HO 6y,ll;eT C03,ll;aBaTh Ha 6a3e rrycToro rna6noHa, a <Pail:.rrhI qepTe)l(eil: rna6noHoB <t>opMaToB A4,

A3, A2, Al.

Ha 6a3e

Bee npe,ll;BapITTeJihHhie HacTpoil:-

KH, C,ll;eJiaHHhie B 3THX rna6JIOHax, 6y,ll;yT ,ll;OCTYIIHhl B HOBhIX <t>a:M.rrax, qTo C3KOHOMHT BpeMH npH C03,ll;amrn: Ka)l(,ll;oro HOBOro qepTe)l(a, T. e. qeM 60JibIIIe «nOJie3HbIX» H qacTO HCnOJih3yeMbIX HaCTpOeK 6y,ll;eT C,ll;eJiaHO B rna6JIOHax, TeM 60JibIIIe 6y,ll;eT C3KOHOMJieHO BpeMeHH npH C03,ll;aHHH qepTe)l(eM.

Co3,!UlHHe rpacl>ll'lecKHX npHMHTHBOB.

KoMaH,ll;hI ,ll;.JUI C03,ll;amrn rpa-

<t>11qecKHX npHMHTHBOB npe,ll;CTaBJieHhl B OCHOBHOM Memo KHOITKaMH Ha naHeJIH HHCTpYMeHTOB

Cfeplf.eHue.

Cfepmumb H

PacCMOTpHM 3TH KO-

MaH,ll;bl.

1. KoMaH,ll;a Line- co3,ll;aTh oTpe30K.

IlpH BBO,ll;e oTpe3Ka Heo6xo,ll;H-

MO OTBeTHTh Ha 3anpOChl OT KaKOM TOqKJf ToqKH

(To point)

(From point)

H ,ll;O KaKOM

OH npoBO.ll:HTCH. IlpH nocne,ll;OBaTeJihHOM 3MaHHH

6onee ,ll;Byx ToqeK KOHeu: npe,ll;bmyiu;eil: JIHHHH HBJIHeTCH Haqa.rroM CJie,D;ylOIU:eM. OTMeHHTh pe)l(HM HJIH npo6en. 2. KoMaH,ll;a

Pline -

Line MO)KHO, Ha)l(aB npaByio KHOnKY MhIIIIH

nocTpOHTh noMaHyio JIHHHIO -

HaH6onee yttH-

Bepca.rrhHhIM H rH6KHM o6'heKT. JloMaHaH JIHHHH COCTOHT H3 O,ll;HOro HJIH HeCKOJihKHX cerMeHTOB. CerMeHTOM MO)l(eT 6bITh oTpe3oK HJIH ,ll;yra. Ka)l(.lJ:hIM cerMeHT HMeeT Haqa.rrbHYJO H KOHeqHyio IIIHpHtty. JioMaHbie JIHHHH He ttyJieBOM IIIHpHHhl MOryT H306pa)l(aTbCH 3aKparneHHhIMH HJIH TOJihKO KOHTYPOM (cM. KOMaH,ll;y

Fill).

Ilocne BBO,ll;a nep-

Boil: TOqKH BhIBO,ll;HTCH 3anpoc Ha BBO,ll; TeKYIUeM IIIHPHHhl JIOMaHOM (Haqa.JibHOM IIIHPHHhl nepBoro cerMeHTa), a 3aTeM IlO,ll;CKa3Ka c nO,ll;KOMaH,ll;aMH:

Arc - cne.ll:YJOmHM cerMeHT - ,ll;yra; Close - 3aMKHYTh noMaHyio; Half - 3MaTh nonoBHHY IIIHpHHhI; Length - 3MaTh MHHY cerMeHTa; Undo - OTKaT (oTMeHHTh nocne,ll;HIOIO no,ll;KOMaH.lJ:Y); Width - 3a,ll;aTb IIIHpHtty; <Endpoint of line> - 3a,ll;aTb CJie.ll:YIOiu;yio BepIIIHHY JIOMaHOM

(Ko-

Heu: npHMOJIHHeMHOro cerMeHTa HJIH ,ll;yrH).

Pline noMaHaH JIHHHH noKaJaHa Ha p11c. 15.9. 3. KoMaH,ll;a Point - 3MaTh rnqKY· 4. KoMaH,ll;a Circle - C03,ll;aTh oKp~ocTu. 5. KoMaH,ll;a Arc - co3,ll;aTh ,ll;yry, 11cnoJih3YH no,ll;KOMaH,ll;hl: 3 point - no TpeM rnqKaM; End - 3MaTh KOHeqHyio ToqKY; Start - 3MaTh Haqa.rrhHyio rnqKY; Center - 3a,ll;aTh u;eHTp; Length of chort - MHHa xop,ll;hI; Angle - yron. 6. KoMaH,ll;a TEXT- C03,ll;aTh CTPOKY TeKcTa. IlOCTpOeHHaH no KOMaH,ll;e

239

PHc. 15.9. IlpHMep JIOMattoii JIHHHH, rrocTpoettttoii no KOMatt.ne

KoMaH,LJ;a

Mtext -

Pline

co3,n;aTh a63au; TeKcTa (HeCKOJihKO CTpOK).

KoMaJl,llbl pe,llaKTHpoealllUI. 3n1

KOMaH.D;hI rrpe,n;cTaBJieHhI B ocHOB-

llpa6Ka H H3MeHUmb H KHOilKaMH Ha rraHem1x H3MeHenue, H3MeHenue II, llpaBKa o6oeKmoB:

HOM MeHIO B rryHKTax HHCTpyMeHTOB

Erase - cTepeTh (y,n;aJIHTh); Move - rrepe.n;BHHYTh; Copy - cKorrHpoBaTh; Array - rrocTpoeHHe MaccHBa KorrHu; Mirror - 3epKaJihHOe oTo6pIDKeHHe; Fillet - cKpyrJIHTh yron; Chamfer - 3aMeHHTh yroJI Ha <t>acKY. YKa3aHHhie KOMaH.D;hI Tpe6yroT BhI6paTh rpa<t>H'leCKHe rrpHMHTHBhI, c KOTOpbIMH 6y;:J;YT BhlllOJIIDIThCH .n;eUCTBHH, H MHOrHe H3 HHX Tpe6yroT BBeCTH KOOp;:J;HHary TOqKH rrpHBH3KH ( OTKY;:J;a ;:J;BHraTb) H HOBYJO KOOp;:J;HHary TOqKH rrpHBH3KH (KY.n;a ;:J;BHfaTb).

Co3,Z1,aHHe a ecTaeu 6noKoe.

IlpH co3.n;aHHH H BCTaBKe 6JIOKOB

HCilOJib3YJOT KOMaH,LJ;bI:

Base - 3a,n;aTh 6a30BYJO TOqKY rrpoeKTHpyeMoro o6beKTa; B/osk- coxpaHHTh o6beKThl KaK 6JIOK (e.n;HHhIU o6beKT); Insert - BCTaBHTh 6JIOK ( <t>aUJI) - o6beKT HH3lllero YPOBIDI

( <t>aUJI

KOilHpyeTCH B TeKYILJ;HU qepTe)I( KaK orrpe,n;eJieHHe 6JIOKa);

Xattach -

BCTaBHTh <t>aUJI ( caM <t>aUJI He KOm1pyeTCH, BCTaBJIHeTCH

TOJlhKO CChIJIKa).

15.9. TpexMepHaJI rpact>MKa )],JIH C03;:J;aHHH o6beMHhIX MO;:J;eJieu B COBpeMeHHhIX BepCHHX AutoCAD HMeeTCH 60JihlllOe qlfCJIO KOMaH.n;, KOTOpbie 06b1qHo HaqHHaIOTCH c CHMBOJIOB

JD HJIH Solid (HarrpHMep, JDP/o/y).

c IlOMO-

IUhIO 3THX KOMaH.n; MQ)l(HQ orrpe.n;eJIHTh TPH KOOp;:J;HHaTbl Ka)l(,llOU TQqKH. IlepeMemeHHe Kypcopa, a 3HaqHT, H pHcoBaHHe rpa<t>HqecKoro rrpHMHTHBa

(fll)

ocymecTBJIHeTcH TOJihKO B ITJIOCKOCTH

XY.

)],JIH

pHCOBaHHH IlJIOCKHX rpaHeU (HarrpHMep, OCHOBaHHH U:HJIHH.n;pa)

240

B )l.pyroli ITJIOCKOCTH He06XO)l.HMO HJMeHHTb IIJIOCKYIO CHCTeMy KOop)l.HHaT (IICK) TaK, qT06b1 ee rrnocKOCTh

coBrrana c Ja)l.aH-

HOH. CYIUeCTBYJOT TPH ocHOBHhIX crroco6a coJ)l.aHIDI MO)l.eneli o6neMHhIX Ten: • Ja;::i:amfe KOMaH)l.hI o6neMHoro orrpe)l.eJieHIDI rena (HarrpHMep, c<t>epb1, KOttyca, UHJIHH)l.pa H T. II.) c HCIIOJib30BaHHeM rryHKTa BbIIIa,J:{aIOIUero MeHIO

l/ep.,eHue

* Cfl.llOWHble;

• rrocpe)l.CTBOM rrponi:rHBaHIDI IIJIOCKOro rena B,ll;OJlb JIHHHH c HCIIOJibJOBaHHeM rryHKTa BbIIIa,J:{aIOIUero Memo

l/ep.,eHue

* CnAOWHble *

6bl006JlU60HUe; • rrocpe.n;CTBOM BpameHIDI IIJIOCKOro TeJia c HCIIOJlb30BaHHeM rryHKTa Bhma;::i:a10mero MeHIO

* CnAOWHble * Bpaw,eHue.

l/ep.,eHue

Bonee CJIO)l(Jlble o6'beMHbie Tena coJ.n;aIOTCH rrocpe.n;cTBOM CJIO)KeHIDI HJIH BhiqHTaHIDI npocTbIX Ten c wcnoJibJOBaHHeM KOMaH)l.

HUmb * Ilpa6Ka o6oeKmo6 mo6 * 06oeiJuHeHue. TaK,

* Bbt.,umaHue H

H3MeHumb

H3Me-

* Ilpa6Ka o6oeK-

HarrpHMep, )l.JlH coJ)l.aHIDI OTBepcTIDI B Ka-

KOM-JIH6o TeJie HJ Hero CJie.n;yeT BbNeCTb UHJIHH)l.p. IlpH BbIIIOJIHeHHH KOMaH)l.bI

H3MeHumb

* IlpaBKa o6oeKmo6 * Bbt.,umaHue cHaqana BbI6H-

pa10TcH rpa<t>wqecKHe npHMHTHBbl, HJ KOTOpblX BbNHTaIOTCH y.n;aJI.ReMhie rrpHMHTHBbl. Ilocne y.n;aneHIDI rrpHMHTHBOB OCTaeTCH TOJlbKO tty)l{HbIH 06'beKT.

,[LJrn

COJ)l.aHIDI 06'beMHblX Mo.n;eneli npH IIJIOCKOM rrpoeKTHpoBaHHH

(HarrpHMep, II03Ta)l{H0f0 IIJlaHa J,n;aHIDI) HCilOJib3YJOT CJie)l.ylOIUHe KOMaH)l.bl:

Elev

(oT aHrnHHCKoro elevation -

Thickness -

npeBbIIIIeHHe) -

Ja;::i:aTb TeKY-

IUYIO KOOp,ll;HHaTY (BblCOTY) no OCH

Ja,J:{aTb TOJIIUHHY rrpHMHTHBa.

IlocJie orrpe.n;eJieHIDI TOJIIUHHbl H BblCOTbl npHMHTHBOB npoeKTHpoBaHHe Be.n;eTc.si: B .n;ByxMepHoli IIJIOCKOCTH. HarrpHMep, JIHHIDI B Jl.ByxMepHoli IIJIOCKOCTH 6y.n;eT HBJIHTbCH JieHTOH (cTeHOH) c BbICOTOH HH)l{HeH KpOMKH, onpe)l.eJieHHOH KOMaH)l.OH orrpe.n;eneHHOH KOMaH)l.OH

Thickness.

Elev,

H IIIHPHHOH (BbICOToii),

06neMHoro Tena B 3TOM cnyqae

He IIOJiyqalOT. IlocMOTpeTb TpexMepHbIH o6'beKT MOXHO HCilOJlbJYH KOMaH)l.y

Vpoint,

orrpe.n;eJIHIOIUYIO Koop.n;HHazy ToqKH o63opa, T. e. TOH ToqKH,

c KOTOPOH Bbl CMOTPHTe Ha o6'beKT. Ilo YMOJiqaHHlO KOOp,ll;HHaTa HMeeT BH.n; KOTOPOM TOJibKO o.n;Ha KOOp,ll;HHaTa HaTa TOqKH o6Jopa HMeeT BH.n;

0,0,l,

T.e. BH.n; CBepxy, Ha

z He paBHa ttyJIIO. EcJIH KOop.n;H-

1, 1, 1, rronyqalOT HJOMeTPwqecKYJO rrpo-

eKUHIO. PaJJiffqHbie BapHaHTbl OCHOBHblX BH.n;OB H HJOMeTPwqecKHX rrpoeKUHH c03.n;a10Tc.si: c noMOIUhlO KOMaH)l. HHcna;::i:aiomero MeHIO

BuiJ

H rraHeJIH HHCTPYMeHTOB

BuiJ.

BuiJ

* JD

KpoMe HJMeHeHIDI HarrpaBJieHIDI

BJrJIH)l.a 3TH rryHKThl MeH10 MeHHlOT IICK, rrpHBHJbIBa.R ee K TeKYIUe-

BH.n;y.

241

010

Puc. 15.10.

CoJ.ZJ:aHHe o6'beMHOH MO.ZJ:eJIH

Mcrronh3Y.sI IJYHKT MeHio Bua TeHb 3aKpacKa I'ypo MO)l(HO sKJI10q11Th pe:xrn:M 3aKpaCKH IIOBepXHOCTeH. Ilymcr Memo Bua TeHb JD KapKac sKJIIOqaeT OT06p3)1{eHHe TOJihKO KapKaca o6'beKTa. IlyttKT MeHIO Bua JD Orbit rro3BO.JUleT c rroMOlllhlO MhIIIIH «IIOKPYTHTh» o6'heKT H BhI6paTh HaH6onee y,n:aqHhIH ero paKypC. B KaqecTBe IIPHMepa paCCMOTpHM C03,UaHHe o6'beMHOH MO,UenH rrpoCTOH ,UeTaJIH, IIOKa3aHHOH Ha pHC. 15.10. Teno 3TOH ,UeTaJIH COCTOHT 113 UHJIHH,Upa H KOttyca. B UHJIHH,Up11qecKo:H qacTH ,n:eTaJIH rrpocsepneHo CKB03HOe OTBepCTHe. PeKOMeH,UyeTc.si cne.uy10m11:H rrop.si.uoK KOMaH,U .un.si coJ,n:aHH.sI TaKoro o6'heMHoro Tena: ~ HaqepTHTh oKp~ocTh c ueHTpOM 0,0,0 11 pa,n:JIYCOM 5 (BBO.UHTh c KJiaBHarypbI);

~ BhIBeCTH oKp~OCTh Ha see pa6oqee none Bua

* YseAucteHue *

Bee o6oeKmbl; ~ rrpespaTHTh OKp~OCTh B UHJIHH,Up, HCIIOJih3Y.sI KOMaH,Uy £/ep11eHue * Cn.JlOutHbte * sblaasAusaHue. BL16pas 3TY KOMaH,Uy, Ja,n:aTh napa-

MeTphI BhI,UaBJIHBaHH.sI: rny6Htty H yroJI HanpaBJieHH.sI; ~ C03,UaTh KOttyC, HCIIOnh3Y.sI KOMaH,Uy £/epcteHue Cn.JlOUlHble KoHyc, ueHTp KOToporo npHB.sIJaTh K ueHTpy UHJIHH,Upa. Ilp11 Janpoce Pa.D:HYCa BBeCTH TOqKY Ha UHJIHH,Upe, rrpHB.sI3aBIIIHCh K «6moKaihneMY» ueHTpy HJIH KBa,n:paHTY. BsecTH c KJias11aryphr BhICOTY oc11 u11JIHH,Upa 5; ~ IIOCMOTpeTh Ha Teno c ,n:pyro:H TQqKJI, HCIIOJih3Y.sI KOMaH,Uy Bua*

JD* Orbit;

~ BhI6paTh BH,U cnesa c noMOlllhIO KoMaH,Uhr Bua JD Bua CAesa H IIOCTpOHTh OT ueHTpa UHJIHH,Upa ,UO KBa,n:paHTa BCilOMOfaTenhHhIH

OTpe30K (Ha PHC.

242

15.11

IlOKaJaH rryHKTHPOM);

0 PHc. 15.11. IlepeceqettHe UHJIHH,ll;pa c TeJIOM ,neTaJIH

PHc. 15.12. ll;HJIHH.nP ornepCTIDI c ueHTPOM Ha cepe,nHHe BCIIOMoraTeJI1>Horo OTPe3Ka

PHc. 15 .13. 06oeMHfil! Mo.nen1> .nernnH

==>

IIOCTpOHTh UHJIHH,ll;p OTBepCTHH c ueHTPOM Ha cepe,l1,HHe BCIIO-

MOfaTeJibHOfO 0Tpe3Ka, pa,l1,HyCOM pHC.

==>

15.11); HCIIOJihJYH KOMaH)J.y

Buo

MM H BhICOTOH

* JD Buo *

MM (CM.

C3aou, IIepeMeCTHTh e op-

ToroHaJihHOM pe)l{HMe UHJIHH,ll;p OTBepCTHH TaK, qTo6hI UHJIHHJJ:P JiepeceK ece TeJio (pHc.

15.12);

H3MeHumb * Ilpa81ca o6oeKmoe * BwmmaHue, BbJqeCTh UHJIHHJJ:P OTBepCTHH H3 UHJIHH,ll;pa OCHOBaHHH; ==> HCIIOJihJYH KOMaH)J.y H3MeHUmb * IlpaeKa o6oeKmoe * 06oeOuHeHUe, o6'he)J,HHHTh UHJIHHJJ:P OCHOBaHHH c OTBepCTHeM H KOttyc;

==>

HCIIOJihJYH KOMaHJJ:y

==>

IIOJiyqeHHYIO MO)J,eJib )1,eTaJIH (pHC.

15.13)

coxpaHHTh B «t>aM:Jie

c HMeHeM model.dwg;

==> )1,bl

IIOCMOTpeB Ha TeJIO )1,eTaJIH c ,l1,pyrHX ToqeK c IIOMOIUhIO KOMaH-

Buo

* TeHb * 3aKpacKa I'ypo H

Buo

* JD

Orbit,

IIOJiyqHTh eiue O)J.HO

H306pIDKeHHe, aHaJIOfttqHOe TIO 3a)J,aHHOMY Ha pHC.

15.13; 243

15.10. nocne,qoeaTenbHOCTb paapa6oTKll'I '4epTe>KeM PacCMO'fPHM TeXHOJIOfH'IeCKHe rrpHeMhl H OCHOBHhie KOMaH,D,hl pa.3pa60TKH qeprexeH.

IlocTpoeHHe Bll,ll;OB e npoeKQBii.

CTPOHTh BH.llhI H rrpoeKUHH MO)l(HO

.UBYMH rrpHHUHIIHaJihHO pa3HhIMH crroco6aMH: • BpyqH}'IO c HCIIOJlh30BaHHeM BCIIOMOraTeJihHhIX JIHHHH, IIOMOralOil.J;HX COOTHeCTH JIHHHH OCHOBHOro BH,lla c JIHHIDIMH .upyrHX BH,llOB; • BCTaBKOH <t>a:HJia qepTexa 0,UHOH H TOH xe MO,UeJIH, HO B pa3HhIX paKYIJcax. BTopoH crroco6 B03MOXeH

.llllil IIOCTIJOeHIDI BH,llOB H rrpoeKUHH

TOJihKO 06'beMHhIX MO,UeJieH. IlpH BCTaBKe O,UHOH H TOH xe MO,UeJIH B <t>a:HJI qeprexa He06XO,llHMO yqHThIBaTh, qTo MO,UeJih H3 <l>a:HJia Bcer.ua BCTaBJUieTC5I BH,llOM c MHpoBOH CHCTeMOH KOOP.UHHaT, T.e. BH,llOM CBepxy. BcTaBKY BH,llOB O.UHOH H TOH xe MO,UeJIH B <t>a:HJI qepTexa MO)l(HO OCYIUeCTBJUITh, HCIIOJih3Y5I 6y<l>ep o6MeHa HJIH coxpaHHB BH,ll H3,UeJIIDI KaK 6JIOK H 3aIIHCaB 6JIOK B <t>a:HJI c IIOMOil.J;hlO KOMaH,D,hl

,[lmI rronyqeHIDI

Wblock.

HeCJWJihKHX BH,llOB .ueTaJIH peKOMeH,UyeTC5I BhIIIOJI-

HHTh CJie.ll}'IOrn;He ,UeHCTBIDI

(.llllil IIOCTIJOeHIDI HCIIOJih3yeM MO,lleJih .ue-

TaJIH, IIOKa.3aHHOH Ha PHC.

15.10):

~ co3,UaTh HOBhIH <Pa:HJI Ha 6a3e C03.UaHHoro rna6JioHa

(rnr.ua

06'beKTOM rrpoeKTHpOBaHIDI 6y.ueT qepTex H3,lleJIIDI); ~

HaqepTHT'h ,UBe opTOroHaJihHhie rrepeceKaIOrn;HeCH BCIIOMOraTeJih-

Hhie JIHHHH

.llllil rrpHB5!3KH K HHM BCTaBJUieMhIX BH,llOB;

~ OTKphITh <l>a:HJI MO,lleJIH H3,lleJIIDI, BhI6paB o6'beMHhIH BH,ll B KaqeCTBe OCHOBHOro, BhI,lleJIHTh ero H coxpaHHTh B 6y<l>epe o6MeHa;

~ rrepeHTH K pe.uaKTHPOBaHHlO <t>a:HJia qeprexa, HCIIOJih3Y5I IlyttKT MeHlO OICHO, H BCTaBHTh 6y<l>ep o6MeHa B TOqKY rrepeceqeHIDI BCIIOMOraTeJihHhIX JIHHHH (MaCllITa6 BCTaBKH paBeH

5);

~ rrepeHTH K OKHY MO,UeJIH H, BhI6paB IIOCJie,UOBaTeJihHO .upyrHe paK}'PChl, COBIIa,UalOrn;He c TPe6yeMhIMH BH,llaMH CBepxy H CJieBa, aHaJIOrHqHO BCTaBJUITh HX B <t>a:HJI qepTexa, rrpHB5!3hIBa5I K BCIIOMOraTeJihHhlM JIHHIDIM. BcTaBJieHHhie B <t>a:HJI BH,llhl CHaqana He COOTBeTCTB}'IOT TIJe6oBaHIDIM fOCTa, TaK KaK HX BH,llHMhie JIHHHH He HMelOT .UOCTaTOqHOH TOJIII.J;HHhl, a KPOMe Toro, OT,UeJihHhie HeBH,llHMhie pe6pa (qarn;e Bcero cpe,UHHe JIHHHH UHJIHH,llpffqeCKHX IIOBepXHOCTeli) rrpopHCOBaHhl KaK BH.llHMhie. CrepeTh 3TH JIHHHH HeB03MO)l(HO, TaK KaK rrpH 3TOM coTPeTcH Bech BH.ll. BhIXO.ll5IT H3 3TOH cHzyaUHH, BhIIIOJIH5I5I o6BO.llKY H3o6paxeHIDI JIHHIDIMH tty)l(HOH TOJIII.J;HHhl, qTo 3HaqHTeJihHO rrporn;e, qeM qepTHT'b .ueTaJih 3aHOBO. )J(eJiaTeJlhHO o6BO.UKY BhIIIOJIH5ITh Ha crreUHaJihHOM CJIOe c rrpe.uBapHTeJihHO ycTaHOBJieHHOH TOJIII.J;HHOH JIHHHH

1 MM.

Ilocne o6BO.UKH MO)l(HO Y.UaJIHTh MO,UeJih ofi'heKTa BMeCTe c Hetty)l(HhlMH JIHHIDIMH, a 3aTeM BhIIIOJIHHTh lll'fPHXOBKY ceqeHHH, HaqepTHTh

244

245

oceBhie :u .n;pyr:ue T{Je6yioII1:uecR JIMHMM, npocTaBMTh pa3Meph1. Ha p:uc.

15.14 BbIIlOJIHeHa o6BO,n;Ka OCHOBHOro BM,n;a. IlocTpoeuue ce11enuii. CTIJOMTh ceqeHM51 :u

pa3pe3bI MO)l(HO TaIOKe

,11;B}'M51 npMHU:MilMaJihHO pa3HbIMM cnoco6aM:u: • BPY'IHYJO c :ucnoJib30BaH:ueM BcnoMoraTeJibHhIX JIMHMM, noMoraIOIIIMX COOTHeCTM JIMHMM pacceKaeMoro BM,n;a c JIMHM5IMM ceqeHM5I; • :ucnoJib3Y51 KOMaH.n;hI aBTOMaT:uqecKoro nocT{JoeHM51

Slice :u Section.

BTopo:M cnoco6 B03MoxeH ,n;JI5I nocT{JoeHM51 ceqeH:u:M :u pa3pe30B TOJihKO o6'beMHhIX MO.D;eJie:M •

.[l.rni:

C03.D;aHM51 qepTexe:M npoCTblX o6'beKTOB npoeKTMPOBaHM51 M

ycKopeHM51 C03.D;aHM51 qepTexe:M qacTO np:uMeH5IlOT TOJibKO .D;ByxMep-

HYJO

rpaqmKY.

B 3TOM cJiyqae B03MO)l(HO :ucnoJih30BaH:ue TOJihKO nep-

Boro cnoco6a nocTpoeHM51 ceqeH:u:M. PaccMOTIJMM nocT{JoeH:ue ceqeHM51 .n;ByxMepHoro qepTexa. ITp:uMep IlOCT{JOeHM51 ceqeHM51 ,n;JI5I IlJIOCKOM MO.n;eJIM np:uBe,n;eH Ha p:uc.

15.15.

11.cxo,n;HOM MO,n;eJiblO 3,n;ech 5IBJI5IeTC51 M306paxeH:ue ITJiaCTMHbl c OTBepcTMeM (cM. p:uc.

15.15,

a). ITocT{JoeH:ue ceqeHM51 MJIM pa3pe3a ITJIOC-

Ko:M MO.D;eJIM o6'heKTa p~KOMeH.n;yeTC51 Bh1Il0JIH51Th B CJie.D;yIOII1eM noPMKe: :::) IlOCTpOMTb BCilOMoraTeJihHhie JIMHMM, nepneH.n;MKYJIRPHhie IlJIOCKOCTM ceqeHM51 (CM. p:uc. 15.15, 6). 06b1qHO MX CTp05IT Ha BCITOMoraTeJihHOM CJIOe, qTo6hI o6ecneqMTb y.n;o6CTBO y.n;aJieHM51 B .D;aJihHeiirneM. HaqaJia 3TMX JIMHMH ,n;oJIXHhI :ucxo,n;MTu M3 xapaKTepHbIX ToqeK ceqeHM51, .n;JI51 onpe.n;eJieHM51 KOTOpblX MCilOJib3YlOT 06'beKTHbie np:uB513KM; :::) IlOCTIJOMTb KOHTYPhI ceqeHM51, npMB513blBa51Cb K BCilOMOfaTeJihHbIM JIMHM5IM (CM. p:uc.

15.15,

n);

:::) np:u Heo6xo.n;MMOCTM c.n;eJiaTh cpacKM M CKpyrJieHMH; :::) o6BecT:u BM.n;MMbie JIMHMM ceqeHM51, :ucnoJib3YH KOMaH.n;bI MJIM

Boundary JIMH:ue:M TOJIIIIMHOM 0,7 ... 1,0 MM,

Pline

HaqepTMTh oceByio JIM-

HMIO, KOTOPYJO IlOKa He 6y.n;eT BM.n;HO, TaK KaK OHa COBna.n;aeT c BCilOMOraTeJihHOH JIMH:Ue:M; :::) 3aIIITpMXOBaTh Heo6xo.n;MMhie o6JiaCTM, MCilOJib3Y51 KOMaH.n;y

Bhatch

MJIM

Hatch;

:::) CTepeTb BCilOMOfaTeJihHble JIMHMM, npoCTaBMTb pa3Mepbl (CM. p:uc.

15.15, 2),

HaHeCTM o603HaqeHM51 q:ucTOTbI o6pa60TKM IlOBepXHOCTe:M M

npoq:ue 3HaKM. KoMaH,n;hI ,n;JI5I IlOCT{JOeHM51 ceqeHMM npe.n;cTaBJieHbI B OCHOBHOM MeHIO

C/epmumb

M KHOITKaMM naHeJIM MHCT{JYMeHTOB C/ep'teHue. nocT{JoeH:ue HOBhIX TBep.n;oTeJibHhIX

KoManoa Slice. Ha3HaqeH:ue -

o6'beKTOB nyTeM pacceqeHM51 CYII1eCTBYJOII1ero o6'heKTa IlJIOCKOCThlO. ITocJie Bhl30Ba 3TO:ii KOMaH.n;hI nORB.illleTcH Janpoc Ha Bh16op o6'beKTOB .n;JI5I pacceqeHM51

Select objects:

(Bb16ep:ure o6'beKThr:).

ITocJie Bhr6opa o6'heKToB ,n;JI5I pacceqeHM51 noHBJI5IeTc51 Janpoc Ha YKa3aH:ue napaMeTIJOB op:uemau::u:u ITJIOCKOCTM, no KOTopo:M 6y.n;eT npo:ucxo,n;MTh pacceqeH:ue

246

Specify first point on slicing plane by [Object/

0 a

0 6

Puc. 15.15. Ilocne.u;oBaTeJibHOCTb (a ... z) rrocTpoemra ceqeHHH .u;ByxMepttoro qepTe:lKa

yz;

Zaxis/View/ XY/ ZX/ 3 points] <3 points>: (YKIDKMTe nepBYJO TOqKY ceK}'IIJ;etl IIJiocKocrn no [06neKTY / Z ocH/Ilo BH,IJJ' /Ilo IIJIOCKOCTH XY/ITo IIJIOCKocrn yz;rro IIJiocKocrn ZX/ITo 3 ToqKaM] <Ilo YMOJIqaHHIO no 3 TOqKaM>:). Bo3MO)l(Hbl cneAYJOI..QHe BapHaHTbI napaMeTpoB opHeHTa:1.urn IIJiocKOCTH. 1. IlapaMeTp 3 points, HCnOJib3yeMbIH no YMOJiqaHmO, n03BOJUieT pacceqb o6'beKT IIJIOCKOCTbIO, 3a)l;aBaeMOH TpeMH TOqKaMH. IlocJie BblnOJIHeHIDI nepBoro 3anpoca Ha napaMeTpbI noHBHTCH BTopotl 3anpoc Specify second point on plane: (YKIDKMTe BTOPYJO TOqKY IIJIOCKOCTH:). IlocJie YKa3aHIDI BTOpotl TOqKH noHBHTCH TpeTHH 3anpoc: Specify third point on plane: (YKIDKMTe TpeTblO TOqKY IIJIOCKOCTH:). YKa3aB TpeTblO TOqKY, onpe,ll;eJIHM IIJIOCKOCTb pacceqeHIDI, nocne '!ero noHBHTCH 3anpoc Ha YKa3aHHe coxpaHHeMotl qacTH Tena: Specify a point on desired side of the plane or [keep Both sides]: (YKIDKMTe ToqKY Ha Tpe6yeMOH CTOpOHe OT IIJIOCKOCTH HJIH [coxpaHHTb o6e CTOpOHbI]:). B OTBeT Ha 3TOT 3anpoc cJie)l;yeT YKa3aTh ToqKY, np1rna)l;JleXaI..QYJO qa-

247

CTH Tena, KOTOpa.H )J,OJDKHa 6bITh coxpaHeHa (TOr)J,a )J.pyra.H qaCTb 6y.JJ.eT Y.JJ.aJieHa). EcnH )Ke c KJiaBHaTYPbI Ja,uaTb CHMBOJI B (napaMeTp keep Both sides), 6y.JJ.YT coxpaHeHbI o6e qacTH Tena. 2. IlapaMeTp Object noJBOIDieT pacceqb o6beKT no TIJIOCKOCTH, B KOTopow Jie)l{HT JaBe)J,OMO TIJIOCKHH (.JJ.ByxMepHbIH) o6'heKT. Ilocne Ja,uaHIDI 3TOfO napaMeTpa TIOHBIDleTCH JaTipoc Ha ~HHe TIJIOCKOfO o6'beKTa, onpe.JJ.eIDIIOmero TIJIOCKOCTb pacceqeHHH: Select a circle, ellipse, arc, 2D-spline, or 2D-polyline: (Bb16epHTe oKpyxttOCTb, 3JUIHnc, .JJ.yry, )J,ByxMepHbIH CTIJiaHH HJIH )J,ByxMepttyIO TIOJIHJIHHHIO:). Ilocne BbI6opa Tpe6yeMOfO o6'beKTa TIOHBHTCH paCCMOTpeHHbIH paHee Janpoc: Specify a point on desired side of the plane or [keep Both

sides]:. 3. IlapaMeTp Zaxis noJBOIDieT pacceqh o6'heKT TIJIOCKOCThIO, neprreH.JJ.HKYIDIPHOH YKaJbrnaeMOMY nonb3oBaTeJieM HanpaBJieHHIO. Ilocne Ja,uaHHH 3Toro rrapaMeTpa cne.JJ.YeT Janpoc: Specify a point on the sectron plane: (YKa)l{HTe TOqKY B ceKymeH TIJIOCKOCTH:), nocne BbITIOJIHeHHH KOTOporo TIOHBHTCH Jarrpoc Ha YKaJaHHe ToqKH )J,IDI opHeHTallHH HOpMaJIH K ceKymeii TIJIOCKOCTH: Specify a point on the 2-axis (normal) of the plane: (YKa)l{HTe TOqKY Ha HOpMaJIH K TIJIOCKOCTH:) H )J,aJiee nocJie)J,HHH paccMoTpeHHbIH paHee Janpoc: Specify a point on desired side

of the plane or [keep Both sides]. 4. IlapaMeTp View noJBOIDieT pacceqb o6'beKT TIJIOCKOCTbIO, neprreH.JJ.HKYIDIPHOH HanpaBJieHHIO npocMoTpa. Ilo Janpocy: Specify a point on the current view plane <O, 0, O>: (YKa)l{HTe ToqKY B TIJIOCKOCTH TeKYmero BH)J,a <Ilo YMOJiqaHHIO 0,0,0>:) Ja,uaIOT TOqKY, Jie)l{amyIO B YKaJaHHOH TIJIOCKOCTH, a Janpoc Specify a point on desired side of the plane or [keep Both sides] Tpe6yeT YKaJaHHH ocrnBIDieMoii qacTu o6neKTa. 5. IlapaMeTp KYnoJBOJIHeT pacceqb o6'heKT nnocKOCTbIO, naparrneJibHOH TIJIOCKOCTH XYTeKYmeM: cucTeMbI KOOP.JJ.HHaT. IloJIO)l{eHue B 3TOH TIJIOCKOCTH onpe)J,eJUieTCH npHHa)J,Jle)l{amew ew TOqKoH, YKa3bIBaeMOH B oTBeT Ha Janpoc: Specify a point on the XY-p/ane <0,0,0>: (YKa)l{HTe ToqKY a TIJIOCKOCTH XY <ITo YMOnqaHHIO 0,0,0>:). KaK H Bee OCTa.JibHbie napaMeTpbI, rrapaMeTp KY Tpe6yeT YKaJaHHH OCTaBJUieMOH qacTH o6'beKTa. 6. IlapaMeTp Y.Z TI03BOJUieT pacceqb 06'beKT TIJIOCKOCTbIO, naparrJieJibHOH TIJIOCKOCTH Y.Z TeKymeH CHCTeMbl KOOP.JJ.HHaT. IloJIO)l{eHHe 3TOH TIJIOCKOCTH onpe.JJ.eIDieTcH npHHa)J,Jle)l{ame"H e"H TOqKoii, YKaJblBaeMOH B oTBeT Ha Janpoc: Specify a point on the Y.Z-plane <0,0,0>: (YKa)l{HTe TOqKY B TIJIOCKOCTH Y.Z <Ilo YMOJiqaHHIO 0,0,0>:). KaK H Bee ocTa.JibHbie napaMeTpbl, napaMeTp Y.Z Tpe6yeT YKaJaHHH OCTaBJUieMOH qacTH o6beKTa. 7. IlapaMeTp ZX rroJBOIDieT pacceqb o6'beKT TIJIOCKOCTbIO, naparrneJibHOH TIJIOCKOCTH TeKymeH CHCTeMbl KOOP.JJ.HHaT. IloJIO)l{eHHe 3TOH TIJIOCKOCTH onpe.JJ.eIDieTCH npHHa)J,Jle)l{ame"H e"H ToqKoii, YKaJbIBaeMo"H B oTBeT Ha Janpoc: Specify a point on the ZX-plane <0,0,0>: (YK~ TOqKY B TIJIOCKOCTH <ITo YMOJiqaHHIO 0,0,0>:).

248

KoManiJa Section.

Ha.3Haqem1e -

nocTpoeHHe o6'heKTa THna

nyreM pacceqeHIDI TBep;:i;oro TeJia IIJIOCKOCThIO. Mcxo;:i;Hoe Teno He pe;:i;aKTHpyeTc.si, HO co3;:i;aeTc.si qacTh

region

(region),

HBJIHIOIUa.sic.si ceqeHHeM 3TOro Tena YKa3aHHOH IIJIOCKOCThIO. ,LI;atttta.si KOMaH;:i;a HBJIHeTC.sI OCHOBHhIM cnoco6oM nOCTpOeHIDI ceqeHHH H pa3pe30B TBep;:i;hIX TeJI B npocTpaHCTBe MO)l;eJIH. Ilocne Bhl30Ba KOMaH;:i;bl 3a,n:a10T HCXO)l;HhIH o6'heKT B OTBeT Ha 3aIIpoc: Select objects:. Ilocne BbI6opa o6'heKTOB no.siBJIHeTc.si 3anpoc:

Specify first point on Section plane by [Object/ Zaxis/ View/ XY/ YZ/ ZX/ Jpoitsl <Jpoints>: (YKIDKHTe nepBYIO ToqKY Ha ceKYIUe:H IIJIOCKOCTH no [06'heKTY / Z oc11/

Ilo BH;:i;Y/Ilo IIJIOCKOCTH XY/Ilo IIJIOCKOCTH fZ/Ilo IIJIOCKOCTH Ilo 3 TQqKaM] <Ilo YMOJiqaHHIO no 3 TOqKaM>:).

ZX/

Bo3MO)l(Hhl cJieAYIOIUHe aapttaHThI napaMeTpOB ceqeHIDI: 1. IlapaMeTp 3 points, HCnOJib3yeMbIH no YMOJiqaHHIO, n03BOJIHeT nOCTpOHTh ceqeHHe o6'beKTa IIJIOCKOCThIO, 3a,n:aaaeMOH TpeM.sI ToqKaMH nocpe;:i;CTBOM OTBeTOB Ha CJieAYIOIUHe 3aIIpOChI:

Specify first point on slicing plane by [Obiect/ Zaxis/ View/ XY/ fZ/ ZX/ 3 points] <3 points>: (YKIDKHTe nepBYIO TOqKY y, Jie)KaIUYIO B IIJIOCKOCTH pacceqeHIDI:);

Specify second point on plane:

(YKIDKHTe BTOPYIO TOqKY Ha IIJIOCKO-

CTH:);

Specify third point on plane:

(YKIDKHTe TpeThIO TOqKY Ha IIJIOCKO-

cTH: ).

IlapaMeTp

Object no3BOJIHeT

nocTpOHTh ceqeHHe o6'beKTa IIJioc-

KOCThIO, B KOTopo:H Jie)f(HT 3aBe)l;OMO IIJIOCKHH (AByxMepHbIH) o6'beKT. Ilocne 3a,n:aHIDI 3Toro napaMeTpa no.siBJIHeTc.si 3anpoc Ha YKa3aHHe IIJIOCKoro o6'heKTa, onpe;:i;eJIHIOIUero IIJIOCKOCTh pacceqeHIDI: Select a

circle, ellipse, arc, 2D-sp/ine, or 2D-po/yline: (Bb16epnre OKP~OCTh, 3JIJIHnc, ;zyry, ;:i;ayxMepHblH CIIJiaHH HJIH )l;ByxMepHYIO noJIHJIHHHIO:). 3. IlapaMeTp Zaxis no3BOJIHeT nocTpOHTh ceqeHHe o6'beKTa IIJIOCKOCThIO, nepneH;:i;HKYJIHPHOH YKa3bIBaeMOMY nOJih30BaTeJieM HanpaBJieHHIO. Ilocne 3a,n:aHHH 3Toro napaMeTpa cne;:i;yeT 3arrpoc: Specify a point on the section plane: (YKIDKHTe TOqKY B CeKYIUeH IIJIOCKOCTH:), IIOCJie BblIIOJIHeHIDI KOTOporo no.siBJIHeTC.sI 3anpoc Ha YKa3aHHe TOqKH .ll:Jl.sI optteHTa:QHH HopMaJIH K ceKYIUe:H IIJIOCKOCTH: Specify a point on the Z-axis (normal) of the plane: (YKIDKHTe TOqKY Ha HOpMaJIH K IIJIOCKOCTH:).

4. IlapaMeTp View n03BOJIHeT nOCTpOHTh ceqeHHe o6'beKTa IIJIOCKOCThIO, rrepneH;:i;HKYJIHPHOH HanpaBJieHHIO npocMoTpa. B OTBeT Ha 3anpoc: Specify a point on the current view plane <0,0,0>: (YKIDKHTe TOqKY B IIJIOCKOCTH TeKYIUero BH;:i;a <Ilo YMOJiqaHHIO 0,0,0>:) 3a,n:aIOT ToqKY, Jie)KaIUYIO B YKa.3aHHo:H IIJIOCKOCTH. 5. IlapaMeTp XY no3BOJIHeT nocTpOHTh ceqeHHe o6'beKTa IIJIOCKOCThIO, rrapaJIJieJihHOH IIJIOCKOCTH XY TeKYIUe:H cHcTeMhI Koop;:i;HHaT. IloJIO)KeHHe 3TOH IIJIOCKOCTH onpe;:i;eJIHeTC.sI npHHa;:i;Jie)Kame:H e:H Toq-

249

KOH, yKa3hIBaeMo:H B orneT Ha 3arrpoc:

<0,0,0>:

(YKIDKMTe Toqicy B IIJIOCKOCTH

17 II03BOIBleT

IlapaMeTP

Specify a point on the XY-p/ane XY <ITo YMO.Jl'laHHIO 0,0,0>:).

IIOCTPOHTh ceqeHHe o6beKTa IIJIOCKO-

CThIO, rrapaJUieJihHOH IIJIOCKOCTH 17 TeKyll.(eH CHCTeMhI KOOp,ll,HHaT. IloJIO)KeHHe 3TOH IIJIOCKOCTH orrpe,ll,eJUieTCH rrpHHa)J,Jle)l{arn;e:H e:H ToqKOH, yKa3hIBaeMo:H B oTBeT Ha 3arrpoc:

<O,ljO>:

(YKIDKMTe Toqicy B IIJIOCKOCTH

IlapaMeTP

Specify a point on the 17-p/ane 17 <Ilo YMO.Jl'laHHIO 0,0,0>:).

zx II03BOJUieT IIOCTPOHTh ceqeHHe 06beKTa IIJIOCKOzx TeKyll.(eH CHCTeMhI KOOp,ll,HHaT.

CThIO, rrapaJUieJihHOH IIJIOCKOCTH

IloJIO)KeHHe 3TOH IIJIOCKOCTH orrpe,ll,eJUieTCH rrpHHa)J,Jlexarn;e:H e:H ToqKOH, yKa3hrnaeMo:H B orneT Ha 3arrpoc:

<0,0,0>:

(YKIDKMTe TQqKY B IIJIOCKOCTH

Specify a point on the ZX-plane

zx <ITo YMOJiqaHHIO 0,0,0>:).

IlOCTPOeHHOe ceqeirne (o6beKT THIIa

region),

pa3BOpaq11BaIOT TaK,

qTo6bI rrpOH3BOJihHO opHeHTHpOBaHHOe ceqeHHe rrepeIIIJio B IIJIOCKOCTh

XY )],JUI IIOCJie,lJyIOrn;e:H

BCTaBKH ero B qepTex.

llOCTpOeHHe p33pe308 061.eMHblX MO,ll;eJieii. IlOCTPOeHHe pa3pe3a HJIH ceqeHHH o6beMHOH MO)J,eJIH rroxoxe Ha IIOCTPOeHHe BH,ll,a.

,[(ml

IIOCT-

poeHHH pa3pe3a Heo6XO,ll,HMO BhIIIOJIHHTh CJie,lJyIOrn;He ,ll,eHCTBHH:

~ OTKphITh <t>a:HJI qepTexa; ~ OTKphITh <t>a:HJI MO,ll,eJIH H3,ll,eJIHH H BhI6paTh IIO)J,XO,ll,HIIl;HH JD BH,ll,, Ha KOTOpOM IIJIOCKOCTh ceqeHHH BhlpO)l{)J,aeTCH B JIHHHIO; ~ pa3pe3aTh MO)J,eJih IIJIOCKOCThlO ceqeHHH, HCIIOJih3YH KOMaH,ll,y

Slice (Ho;JJC); ~ HCIIOJih3YH CHOBa KOMaH,ll,y S/isce, 3a)J,aTh IIJIOCKOCTh ceqeHHH, 17, BhI6paB B KaqecTBe TOqKH, qepe3 KOTOpyIO rrpOXO,ll,HT 3Ta IIJIOCKOCTh, u;eHTP OTBepCTHH; ~ Bhl)J,eJIHTh rrpaByIO qacTh pacceqeHHOro TeJia, rn;eJIKHYB KHOIIKOH MhIIIIH crrpaBa OT IIJIOCKOCTH ceqeHHH; ~ BhI6paTh BH,ll,, napaJUieJihHhIH IIJIOCKOCTH ceqeHHH, HanpHMep napaJUieJihttyIO IIJIOCKOCTH

BH,ll, C3a,ll,H;

~ Bhl)J,eJIHTh BhI6paHHhIH BH,ll, H coxpaHHTh ero B 6y<l>epe o6MeHa; ~ rrepeHTH K pe,ll,aKTHpOBaHHIO <t>a:HJia qepTexa, HCIIOJih3YH rryHKT BcmaBumb 6yrjJep o6Mena MeHIO 0Kno; ~ o6BeCTH pa3pe3. IIITPHXOBaTh ceqeHHe peK0MeH,L1,yeTCH B <t>a:HJie qepTexa, TaK KaK npH BCTaBKe rpa<t>ffqeCKoro rrpHMHTHBa CJIO)KHO BhI,ll,epxaTh IIIar IIITPHXOBKH. KoMall,ll;bI mTPHXOBKH. ,[(ml BhIIIOJIHeHHH IIITPHXOBKH rrpHMeHHIOT CJie,lJyIOrn;He KOMaH)J,hl. KoManiJa Hatch. HaJHaqeHHe -

HaHeceHHe IIITPHXOBOK Ha qepTe-

xax. BhIIIOJIHeHHe KOMaH,ll,hI ocyrn;ecrnmi:eTcH nocpe,ll,CTBOM OTBeToB Ha CJie,lJyIOrn;He 3aIIpOChI:

1. Enter a pattern name or[?/ Sol id/ User defined] <USER>:

(BBe,ll,H-

Te HMH o6pa3u;a IIITPHXOBKH HJIH ... <rrapaMeTP no YMOJiqaHHIO>:). IlpH BBe,ll,eHHH HMeHH cyrn;ecTByIOrn;ero o6pa3u;a IIITPHXOBKH CHCTeMa HHHll;HHpyeT CJie,lJyIOrn;He ,ll,OIIOJIHHTeJihHhle 3aIIpOChl.

250

2. Specify a scale for the pattern <J.0000>: (3a,nati:Te MacrnTa6 LLJUI 06pa3ua IIITPHXOBKH <3HaqeHHe no YMOJPiaHHio>:). IlpH 3TOM BIDKHO yqeCTh copa3MepHOCTh BBOllHMOfO 3HaqeHIDI c pa3MepaMH qepTe)l{a H )')Ke npHID.!ThIMH noao6HbIMH K03Q:>Q:>HI.lHeHTaMH ,lLJUI THnOB JIHHHM, pa3MepoB 6)'KB, CTPeJioK H npoq11x BeJIM:qHH, onpeaeJU1eMhIX npH co3llaHHH pa6oqeti: cpeah1. 3. Specify an angle for the pattern <O>: (3a,nati:Te yron HaKJioHa 06pa3ua IIITPHXOBKH K ropH30HTaJIH B rpa,uycax <JHaqeHHe no YMOJiqaHmo>:). 06hiqHo 3TO 3HaqeHHe Ja,naeTcH HYJieBhIM, TaK KaK Heo6xoaHMhIM HaKJIOH IIITPHXOBKH BbI6paH B caMOM o6pa3J.le. 4. Select objects to define hatch boundary or <direct hatch>: (Bb16ep11Te o6'beKThI, qTo6hI onpeaeJIHTh rpaHmzy IIITPHXOBKH HJIH <napaMeTP no YMOJPiaHmo>:). 5. Select objects: (Bb16epHTe 06'beKTh1:) B oTBeT Ha 3TOT Janpoc MO)l{HO yi<:a3aTh o6'heKThI, COCTaBJIHIOII1He rpaHHizy o6JiaCTH IIITPHXOBKH (KOTOpbie )J;OJI)l{Hhl 6bITh npeaBapHTeJibHO BbJqepqeHbl H npeacTaBJUITh co6oti: 3aMKHyryIO JIHHHIO), HJIH Ha)l{aTb KJiaBHury [Enter] MH yi<:a3aHIDI rpaHHJ.lhl IIITPHXOBKH ee xapaKTepHbIMH TOqKaMH. IlpH 3TOM CHCTeMa HHHJ.lHHpyeT CJieayIOII1He aonOJIHHTeJihHhie 3anpOChI: Retain polyline boundary? [Yes/ No} <M>: (CoxpaHHTh rpaHHIJY KaK noJIHJIHHHIO? <napaMeTP no YMOJPiaHmo>:); Specify start point (3a,nati:Te HaqaJihffYIO TOqKY:); Specify next point or [Arc/ Close/ Length/ Undo]: (3a,nati:Te cneayIOIIIYIO roqKY HJIH [,[(yra/3aMKHyrh/ ,[(JIHHa/0TKa6]:). Koop)J;HHaThl CJieayIOII1HX ToqeK CJieayeT BBOllHTh, HCnOJih3YH napaMeTPhI, noao6Hhie napaMeTPaM KOMaffllhI Pline: Specify next point or [Arc/ Close/ Length/ Undo]: (3a,naii:Te napaMeTP Close LLJUI JaMhIKaHIDI rpaHHqHoti: JIHHHH IIITPHXOBKH:); Specify start point for new boundary or <apply hatch>: (3a,nati:re HaqaJihHyIO TOqKY HOBOM rpaHM:qHOM JIHHHH HJIH Ha)l{MHTe KJiaBHury [Enter] ,lLJUI BhIITOJIHeHIDI IIITPHXOBKH:). Ecn11 B KOMaHae Hatch BhI6HpaeTcH napaMeTP no YMOJPiaHHIO, CJieayeT Ha)l{aTb KJiaBHury [Enter] ,lLJUI HBHOfO 3a,naHHH napaMeTPOB IIITPHXOBKH, npH 3TOM CHCTeMa HHHI.lHHpyeT CJieayIOII1He aonOJIHHTeJibHhie JanpOChI: Specify angle for crosshatch lines <45>: (3a,nati:Te yron HaKJioHa JIHHH:ti: IIITPHXOBKH K ropH30HTaJIH B rpa,nycax <JHaqeHHe no YMOJPiaHHIO>:); Specify spacing between the lines <J.000>: (3a,nati:Te paccTOHHHe Me)l{llY JIHHIDIMH IIITPHXOBKH <JHaqeHHe no YMOJPiaHmo>:); Double hatch area? [Yes/ No} <N>: (IIITPHXOBaTh KpecT-HaKpecT?); Select objects: (Bb16epHTe o6neKThI:). B oTBeT Ha 3TOT Janpoc MO)l{HO yi<:a3aTh o6'heKThI, COCTaBJU1IOII1He rpaHHizy o6JiaCTH IIITPHXOBKH (KOTOpbie )J;OJI)l{Hhl 6bITh npeaBapHTeJibHO BhJqepqeHbl H npeacTaBJUITh 251

co6oit 3aMKlfYTY10 JUIHHIO), HJIH HIDKaTb KJiaBHIIIY [Enter] )Lilli onpe)leJieHIDI rpaHHU: IIITpHXOBKH ee xapaKTepHbIMH TOqKaMH. TipH 3TOM CHCTeMa HHHU:HHpyeT CJieJzyIOIIJ;He )lOnOJIHHTeJibHbie 3anpocb1:

Retain polyline boundary? [Yes/ No]

<M>: CoxpaHHTh rpaHHu:y KaK

noJIHJIHHHIO? <napaMeTp no YMOnqaHmo>:);

Specify start point (3a;::i;aitTe HaqaJibHYIO TOqKY:); Specify next point or [Arc/ Close/ Length/ Undo]: (3a;::i;aitTe

cne;::i;yIO-

IIJ;yIO ToqKY HJIH [.[(yra 3aMKffYTh .[(JIHHa OrKaT]:). Koop)lHHaTbl CJieJzyIOIIJ;HX TOqeK BBO)lHTb, TaIOK:e HCnOJib3YH napaMeTpbl, no)lo6Hbie napaMeTpaM KOMaH)];hI

Pline .

.LJ:pyrHe B03MO)l(Hble OTBeTbl Ha nepBbIH Janpoc CHCTeMbl: ? -

HCnOJib3yeTCH, eCJIH He06XO)lHMO npoCMOTpeTb cnHCOK cyiu:e-

CTBYIOIIIHX o6pa3U:OB IIITpHXOBOK, npH 3TOM CHCTeMa HHHU:HHpyeT cneJzyIOIIJ;HH )lonoJIHHTeJibHhlli Janpoc:

Enter pattem(s) to list<*>:

(BBe-

llHTe HMeHa o6pa3U:OB <napaMeTp no YMOJiqaHHIO>:);

HCnOJib3yeTCH, ecJIH He06XO)lHMO BbIIlOJIHHTb 3aJIHBKY o6nac-

TH, npH 3TOM CHCTeMa HHHU:H.HpyeT )lOnOJIH.HTeJibHbie JanpOCbI:

objects to define hatch boundary or <direct hatch>:

Select

(Bb16ep.HTe o6beK-

ThI, qT06b1 onpe)leJIHTh rpaHHu:y IIITpHXOBKH HJIH <napaMeTp no YMOJI-

Select objects: (Bb16epHTe 06beKTu1:). KoManiJa Bhatch. HaJHaqeHHe - HaHeceHHe IIITpHXOBOK Ha qepTe-

qaH.HIO>:) H

)l{ax c HCnOJib30BaHHeM L{.HaJIOfOBOro OKHa. 3Ta KOMaH)];a HBJIHeTCH aHanoroM KoMaH)];bI

Hatch.

KoMaH)];a OTKpbIBaeT L{.HaJIOrOBOe OKHO, c nOMOIIIblO KOToporo MO)l(JIO BbIIlOJIHHTb IIITpHXOBKY 3aMKffYTblX o6JiaCTeH, orpatt}fqeHHblX noMaHblMH JIHHIDIMH, ;::i;yraMH, OKP~OCTHMH, 3JIJIHncaMH, cIIJiaitHaMH, 6noKaMH. OKHo co)lep)l{HT ceMb KHonoK, none

Ebtcmpo H Y11y"tweHHblU

)lBe BKJiaAKH

KoMno3umHO.Jl H

(nepBaH .HMeeT cpe)lCTBa .lLlll aB-

TOMaT}fqecKoro onpe)leJieHIDI KOHTYPa IIITp.HXOBKH H )laeT B03MO)l{HOCTb ee npe)lBapHTeJibHOro npOCMOTpa, a BTOpaH -

no3BOJIHeT

yn-

paBJIHTb MeTO)lOM onpe)leJieHIDI rpaH.HU: .H )lOnOJIHHTeJlbHbIMH napaMeTpaM.H IIITpHXOBKH). BKJia;::i;Ka

Y11y"lweHHblU coii:ep)l{HT qeTbipe naHeJIH. Cmwzb o6HapyJK:emm pa3pbl606 wmpuxo6KU c

TiaHeJib

TpeMH nepe-

KJiioqaTeJIHMH:

HopMOllbHblU -

BKJiioqaeT CTHJib IIITpHXOBKH, H3MeHHIOIIIHH ee pe-

)l{HM np.H nepeceqeHH.H BttyTpeHH.HX rpaHHU: o6JiaCT.H IIITpHXOBKH (HCnoJib3yeTCH no YMOnqam110);

BHewHuu -

BKJIIOqaeT CTHJib IIITpHXOBKH, rrp.H KOTopoM IIITplfXYeTCH

TOJlbKO BHeIIIHHH 3aMKH}"frul o6JiaCTb (AO rrepBOH BHYTpeHHeH rpaHHu;bI);

Hmopupo6amb- BKJIIOqaeT CTHJib IIITpHXOBKH, np.H KoropoM IIITpHxyeTCH BCH o6JiaCTb BlfYTP.H KOHTYPa (BttyTpeHH.He rpaHHU:bl HrHOp.HPYIOTCH). 2. TiaHeJib

Tun o6oeKma

c pacKpb1Ba101IIHMCH CIIHCKOM, KOTOpbIH

noJBOJIHeT YKaJaTh, B KaKoM B.Hlle coxpaHHTb rpaHHu:y IIITpHXOBKH:

252

KaK IIOJIHJIHHHIO HJIH KaK o6JiaeTb. KpoMe Toro, B IIOJie 3TOH rraHeJIH pa3MemeH <l>JIIDKOK CoxpaHumb zpaHUU,bl. 3. IlaHeJib I'paHUU,bl e paeKPbIBa10m11MeH eri11eKOM, orrpe,ll;eAAIOW:HM Ha6op o6neKTOB .D:AA 3a.D:aHHH llITpHxyeMo:H o6JiaeTH. KpoMe Toro, Ha 3TOH rraHeJIH pa3MemeHa KHOIIKa [HOBbie], e IIOMOIIJ;blO KOTOpo:H IIOJib30BaTeJIIO rrpe,ll;OeTaBJIHeTeH B03MO)l(HOeTb HBHO BbI6HpaTb 06'beKTbl, orrpe,ll;eJIHIOIIJ;He rpaHHIJ;bl llITpHxyeMOH o6JiaeTH. 4. IlaHerrb MemoiJ o6Hapy:>K:eHUR zpaHuu, wmpuxo6KU, yrrpaBMIOW:aH MeTO,ll;OM IIOHeKa rpaHHU: BttyrpH Bbl,ll;eJieHHOH o6rraeTH, e ,ll;B}'MH rrepeKJI10qaTeJIHMH: 3anoAHRmb - orrpe,ll;eJIHIOIIJ;HH H30JIHpOBaHHble yqaeTKH KaK rpaHffqHble o6neKThl; Jly'le60U - HeKJI10qa10m11:H H30JIHpoBaHHhle yqaeTKH. PaeeMOTpHM Ha3HaqeHHe KHOIIOK .D:HarroroBoro oKHa Hlmpuxo6Ka. KHorrKa [Bb16paTb ToqKH] - 06eerreq11BaeT aBTOMaTffqeeKoe orrpe.D:erreHHe rpaHHIJ;bI o6rraeTH llITpHXOBKH. EeJIH HIDKaTb 3TY KHOIIKY rroerre BbI6opa 06pa3u;a llITpHXOBKH H ero yeTaHOBOK, TO eHeTeMa Bbl,ll;aeT 3arrpoe: Select internal point (YKIDKHTe TOqKY BHYfPH o6rraeTH, KOTOpaH ,ll;OJDKHa 6bITb 3allITpHXOBaHa:). IlOJI}"IHB KOOp,ll;HHaTbl Tpe6yeMOH TOqKH, eHeTeMa eoo6maeT IIOJib30BaTeJIIO 0 eBOHX ,ll;eHeTBIDIX: Selecting everything (Bb1611pa10 Bee); Selecting everything visible (Bb1611pa10 Bee, qTO BIDKY); Analyzing the selected data ... (AlrnrrH3HPYIO Bhl6paHHbie .D:aHHhle ... ); Analyzing internal islands (AHarrH3HPYIO BttyrpeHHHe 113orr11poBaHHbie yqaeTKH). BbIIIOJIHHB He06XO,ll;HMbie paeqeTbl, eHeTeMa BHOBb Bbl,ll;aeT 3aIIpoe: Select internal point (YKCDKHTe TOqKY BttyrpH o6JiaeTH, KOTOpaH ,ll;OJDKHa 6bITb 3allITpHXOBaHa:), B OTBeT Ha KOTOpblH eJie,ll;yeT YKa3aTb erre.D:YIOIIJ;YIO TOqKY HJIH HIDKaTb KJiaBHllIY [Enter] .D:AA 3aBepllleHHH Bhl6opa. KHorrKa [BhmerrHTh o6neKThI] - 06eerreq11BaeT Bhl6op o6neKTOB, orrpe,ll;eJIHIOIIJ;HX o6rraeTb llITpHXOBKH, .D:AA qero MO)l(HO HeIIOJib30BaTb Bee H3BeeTHbie IIOJib30BaTeJIIO erroeo6bI. 3aBepllleHHe rrpou;eeea Bh160pa rrpoHeXO,ll;HT rrpH HIDKaTHH KJiaBHllIH [Enter]. KHorrKa [Y.D:arrHTh o6'heKThI llITpHXOBKH] - 06eerreq11BaeT B03MO)l(HOeTb Y.D:aJieHHH rr106oro H3orr11poBaHHoro yqaeTKa BHYfPH 06rraeTH llITpHXOBKH. (Y.D:aJIHTb BHellIHIOIO rpaHHU:Y o6rraeTH llITpHXOBKH HeJib3H.) KHorrKa [IlpoeMOTp BhmerreHHoro] - 06eerreq11BaeT rrpoeMoTp H rrpoBepKY Beex OT06paHHhlX o6rraeTeH llITpHXOBKH. KHorrKa [Haerre,ll;OBaHHble eBoiieTBa] - HeIIOJib3yeTeH .D:AA KOIIHpoBaHHH eBOHeTB eymeeTBYJOme:H llITpHXOBKH H rrpHMeHeHHH ee K TeKyrn;e My 06pa3u;y. KHorrKa [,[l;BOHHaH] - 11errorrb3yeTeH .D:AA BhIIIOJIHeHHH llITpHXOBKH KPeeT-HaKPeeT.

253

KHorrKa [Tipe;::i:BapttTeJihHhIH rrpocMoTp] -

o6ecrreqHBaeT rrpe;::i:Ba-

pHTeJihHhitl: rrpOCMOTp IIITpHXOBKH. none

KoMn03UmHO.fl

co.n:ep)l{}IT ,n:Be KHOIIKH BhI6opa [Accou;HaTHB-

Ha.H] H [Heaccou;HaTHBHaH], KOTOPhie II03BOJIHIOT C03,n:aTb COOTBeTCTBeHHO accou;HaTHBH)'IO (aBTOMaTM:qeCKH KOppeKTHpyeM)'IO MH 3aIIOJIHeHHH MO;::i:mpM:u;HpOBaHHhIX KOH'rypoB) H Heaccou;HaTHBH)'IO IIITpHXOBKH.

IlpOCT3HOBKa p33Mepoe. eTCH KOMatt;::i:a

,nm.. CTaphlX BepCHH AutoCAD HCIIOJih3y-

Dim. B 3TOM cnyqae cHcTeMa rrepeBO.D:HTCH B crreu;HaJih-

HhIH pe)l{}IM rrpOCTaBJieHHH pa3MepoB H BMeCTO 3arrpoca Ha rrpOCTYJO KOMatt;::i:y pa3MepoB

(Command>) BhIBO.D:HT 3a11poc 110,n:KoMatt.n: rrpocTaBJieHHH Dim> HJIH P03Mep>. B 3TOM pe)KHMe MO)l(HO 3a,z:i:aBaTh KOMaH-

.D:hI pHCOBaHHH pa3MepoB HJIH KOMatt;::i:bl H3MeHeHHH CTHJIH rrpoCTaBJieHHH pa3MepoB, HarrpHMep:

Exit -

BhIHTH H3 rrpocTaBJieHHH pa3MepoB B 06h11IHhIH pe)KHM;

Hor - rrpocTaBHTh roptt30HTaJihHhIH pa3Mep; Vert - rrpocTaBHTh BepTHKaJihHhIH pa3Mep; Diam - rrpocTaBHTh ;::i:ttaMeTp; Rad -

rrpocTaBHTh pa,z:i:ttyc;

Variables -

rrocMOTpeTh/H3MeHHTh rrepeMeHHhie CTHJIH pa3Me-

poB (pa3Mepbl CTpeJIOK, BhICOTY H CTHJih TeKCTa, pacrrOJIO)l(eHHe TeKCTa H T.,n:.).

coBpeMeHHhIX BepcHHX AutoCAD

IIOJih3YJOTCH rryHKTOM Memo BM pa3Mepa -

Pa3Mep,

.D:JIH rrpocTaBJieHHH pa3MepoB

BhI6ttprui: B Bhma,z:i:m01u;eM MeHIO

JIHHeHHhIH, pa,z:i:HaJihHhIH, ;::i:HaMeTp H T.;::i:. TiocJie Bhl-

6opa BH;::i:a pa3Mepa Ha 3arrpoc CHCTeMbI YKa3hIBaIOT ,n:Be ToqKH, pa3Mep Me:>K;::i:y KOTOphIMH Heo6xo;::i:HMO IIpOCTaBHTh, HJIH OKpyxttOCTh JIH6o ;::i:yry,

.D:JIH KOTOphIX Heo6xo,n:HMO rrpoCTaBHTh pa,z:i:HyChl. TipH Bb16ope

TOqeK peKOMett;::i:yeTCH IIOJih30BaTbCH o6oeKTHOH rrpHBH3KOH. 3aTeM BBO.D:HTCH MeCTOIIOJIO:>KeHHe pa3MepHOH JIHHHH c pa3MepHhIM TeKCTOM.

Ilpe3eHTa~ npoeKToe.

f pyrma

KOMatt;::i: co3,n:aHHH rrpe3eHTau;tttl:

1103BOJIHeT rrpe,n:BapHTeJibHO roTOBHTh H306pa:>KeHHH

.D:JIH ,n:eMOHCTpa-

ll;HH CJIO)l(JfhlX rrpoeKTOB, 3aHHMaIOmHX 60JihIIIOH o6oeM orrepaTHBHOH H .D:HCKOBOH rraMHTH, TaK KaK Ha BhIIIOJIHeHHe TaKHX orrepau;Htl:, KaK 3arpy3Ka qepTe:>Ka, H3MeHeHHe MacIIITa6a, 3aKpacKa (pett;::i:epirnr), IIOBOPOT Mo,n:eJIH (H3MeHeHHe ToqKH o63opa), Tpe6yeTCH .D:OCTaToqHO MHOro BpeMeHH H rrpH 3a,z:i:aHHH KOMatt;::i: Herrocpe,n:cTBeHHO rrp:u .n:eMOHCTpall;HH MO)l(HO COBepIIIHTh OIIIH6KY. KoMatt.n:hI rrpe3eHTau;:u:u II03BOJIHIOT coxpaHHTh Tpe6yeMoe H3o6pa:>KeH:ue 3KpaHa B c:>KaTOM B:u;::i:e B TaK Ha3hrnaeMoM cnatl:;::i:e. Cnatl:;::i: He co;::i:ep)KHT CJIO:>KHOH HepapXM:qeCKOH Mo,n:eJIH o6'heKTa H 3aHHMaeT MaJIO rraMHTH, II03TOMY BhIBO.D: Ha 3KpaH rrpoeKu;HOHHOro MOHHTOpa coxpaHeHHhIX CJiatl:;::i:oB rrpOHCXO.D:HT rrpaKTM:qeCKH MrHOBeHHO.

,nm..

;::i:eMOHCTpall;HH rrpoeKTa MO:>KHO TaK:>Ke C03,n:aTb HeCKOJihKO

cnatl:;::i:oB H pa3pa60TaTh cu;eHaptttl: HX rroKa3a, HarrpHMep, B cne.n:YJOmeM B:u;::i:e: IIOKa3aTb rrepBhIH CJiatl:;::i:, qepe3

254

c IIOKa3aTb BTopotl:

CJiatm H T . .n;. C:u;eHapH:H IIHIIIeTCR B BH.n;e KOMaH.n;HOfO <t>a:HJia, KOTOpbIH B AutoCAD aHaJIOfWieH no <l>YHKUHRM KOMaH,D;HbIM <t>a:HJiaM ,D;pYfHX CHCTeM, HarrpHMep orrepa:QHOHHOH.

B KOMaH.n;HOM <t>a:HJie CTpO-

Ka 3a CTpOKOH yKa3aHbl KOMaH.n;bl AutoCAD B BH.n;e, aHaJIOfHqHoM HX BH)Jy B KOMaH,D;HOH CTpOKe. C03.n;aTb KOMaH.n;HbIH <t>a:HJI MO)l(HO c noMOI:QbIO mo6oro TeKCTOBOro pe.n;aKTopa. 3anycKaeTCR KOMaH,D;HbIH <t>a:HJI BBO,Il;OM ero HMeHH, IIOCJie qero KOMaH,D;HbIH HHTepnpeTaTOp 6y.n;eT IIbITaTbCR cqHTbIBaTb KOMaH.n;bl H3 <t>a:HJia, a He c KJiaBHaTYPbl.

Arm C03,D;aHHR npe3eHTa:QHH HCIIOJib3YJOTCR CJie.n;yiom11e KOMaH.n;bl: Slide - C03,D;aTb HOBblH CJiatm; Wslide - 3arrHcaTb c11atm Ha .n;11cK; Vslide - BbIBeCTH c11atm Ha 3KpaH; Delay ss - c.n;eJiaTb 3a.n;epxicy Ha SS ceK)'H)J;. Bo3M01KllOCTH nporpaMMHpoeanHJI na Jl3b1Ke Jlacn.

513bIK nporpaM-

MHpoBaHHR nHcII, BCTpOeHHbIH B AutoCAD, RBJIReTCR R3bIKOM BblCOKOfO ypOBHR. Ilo CBOHCTBaM CTpyKTYPHpOBaHHR n11cn aHaJIOfWieH R3hlKaM AJiroJI H CH, no rrpocToTe 11 B03MO)l(HOCTRM 6JIH30K K R3hIKY <l>opTpaH.

B cpe.n;cTBa R3hIKa BKJI10qeHbI <PYHKUHH BhI30Ba Bcex KOMaH.n;

AutoCAD, a TaIOKe HMeeTcR .n;ocryn K napaMeTpaM 3JieMeHTOB qepTexa H rrepeMeHHbIM HaCTpOHKH. Ha R3bIKe n11cn y.n;o6Ho nporpaMMHpOBaTb qaCTO IIOBTOpRIOI:QHeCH PYTHHHhie npo:u;e.n;ypbl, BCTpeqa10m11ecR rrp11 npoeKTHpoBaHHH.

Arm

IIOCJie,D;HHX BepcHH AutoCAD MO)K:HO HaHTH MHOXeCTBO 6116JIHOTeK <l>YHKUHH Ha R3bIKe n11crr. 3arpyxeHHyio <l>YHKUHIO R3bIKa n11cn MOXHO cqHTaTb HOBOH KOMaH,D;OH. IIOMOI:QbIO TaKHX HOBbIX KOMaH.n;-<l>YH-

K:QHH R3bIKa n11crr MO)l(HO HaCTpOHTb AutoCAD Ha perneHHe npHKJia,D;HblX 3a.n;aq H BBeCTH npo6JieMHO-OpHeHTHPOBaHHbie KOMaH.n;bl.

KoHTponbHble eonpocb1

1. )l,ail:Te onpe,nenemrn cne,nyioIIIHM noIDITHRM: 6a:maru1 ToqKa, 6a30BhlH o6'heKT, KpMBruI 6e3he, Bee TQqKH, BHeIIIHIDI nepeMeHHruI, ,nepeBO IlOCTpOeHIDI, KOH'fYP, JIHHIDI oqepKa, JIOKaJihHrul CHCTeMa KOOp,l(HHaT, MaKpo:meMeHT, npHBH3Ka, CeTKa, CJIOH, Teno ,neTaJIH, <t>parMeHT, qepTe)I(, IIIa6JIOH qepTe)l{a (HJIH npOTOTHil qepTe)l{a), rpa<t>wqecKHH npMMHTHB, 6JIOK, o6'beKT.

rnasa 16 CMCTEMblABTOMATM3HPOBAHHOronPOEKTMPOBAHM~ TEXHOilOrM~ECKMX

16.1.

nPOUECCOB

06~Me cee,qeHMH

C11cTeMbI aBTOMan1311poBaHHoro rrpoeKT11poBaHID1 TeXHonor11qecKHX rrpou,eccoB - CAM-c11cTeMhI (Computer Aided Manufacturing) pa3pa6aThIBa10TCH Ha ocHoBe 6a3 .a;aHHhIX 11 6a3 3HaH11:H. B HacToHmee BpeMH Ha1160JibIIIee pacrrpocTPaHeH11e rronyq11JI11 CAIIP-TII Ha ocHOBe 6a3 .a;aHHbIX, IIOCKOJibKY AJIH 11X pa3pa60TKl1 cyrn:eCTBYJOT pa3JlfiqHbie rrporpaMMHhre rrpo.a;yr<ThI, B TOM q11cne CYB,[( Access. Ilpe.a;cTaBJIHeT TaIOKe 11HTepec rrporpaMMa CAIIP-TII, pa3pa60TaHHaH AO «Torr-C11cTeMhI», KOTopaH MO)l(eT <l>YHKI.J.l10H11poBaTb coBMeCTHO c Cl1CTeMOH aBTOMaTl1311pOBaHHOfO rrpoeKT11poBaH11H KOHCTPYKTOPCKOH .a;oK}'MeHTau,1111 T - FLEX-CAD. 0.a;HaKo BHe.a;peH11e TaKHX Cl1CTeM 3aTPYAHeHO, TaK KaK crreI.J,11aJil1CTbl rrpe.a;rrpIDITl1H He MOryT 6e3 rr0Mom11 coJ.a;aTene:H 3THX CAIIP a.a;arrT11poBaTh HX K KOHKpeTHhIM ycJIOBIDIM KOHKpeTHOfO IIPOl13BO)];CTBa 11 KOHKpeTHbIM rpyrrrraM 11Jll1 Tl1IIaM 113)];eJil1H. IIp11MeHeH11e CYB,[( aHanorwqHhrx Access II03BOJIHeT crreu,11an11cTaM rrpe)];IlpIDITH:H caMHM pa3pa6aTbmaTb CAIIP-TII, orneqaioII.J,He ycnoB11HM KOHKPeTHoro rrpeAIIpIDITIDI. KpoMe roro, TOJlbKO crreI.J,HaJIHCThI rrpe.a;rrpIDITl1H o6na.a;aIOT TeXHOJiorwqecKHMH 3HaHIDIMl1, KOTOpbie )];OJI)l(Hhl COCTaBJIHTb OCHOBY HH<t>opMaI.J,110HHOro o6ecrreqeHIDI COOTBeTCTBYJOlll,HX CAIIP-TII. 31'11M o6bHCHHeTCH TOT <t>aKT, qro KOMMepqecKHe CAIIPTII rrpe.a;cTaBJIHIOT co6o:H rrporpaMMb1-06onoqK11, rro3BOJIHIOII.J,He rronh3oBaTeJIHM B y.a;o6HOM 11HTep<t>e:Hce 3aIIOJIHl1Tb 6a3bl .a;aHHbIX, a 3aTeM caMHM )Ke Bb1611paTb 113 3Tl1X 6aJ TPe6yeMYJO 11H<t>opMaI.J,1110, a rrporpaMMa rrp11 TIOM o6ecrreqITT rreqaTh pa3pa6oTilHHoro reXHonoroM rrpou,ecca Ha 6naHKaX MapIIIpYTffbIX 11 orrepau,110HHhIX KapT. Ilo.a;o6Hoe COTPYAHwqecrno crreu,11aJil1CTOB-TeXHOJIOfOB c rrporpaMMHCTaMH II03BOJIHeT o6ecrreqttTh co3)];aH11e CAIIP-TII Ha ocHoBe 6aJ 3HaHl1H. PaccMOTPl1M AJIH rrp11Mepa CAIIP-TII «JIA3EP 2000», rrpe.a;Ha3HaqeHHYIO AJIH rrpoeKT11pOBaHIDI TeXHOJIOr11qecKOH AOK}'MeHTaI.J,1111 rrpou,eccoB c6opKH rrpeu,113110HHhIX rrp116opoB 11 pa3pa6oTaHHYJO c rrp11MeHeH11eM CYB,[( Access.

16.2.

Co3,qaHMe MCXO,qHblX 6a3 ,qaHHblX

PaccMaTP11BaeMaH c11cTeMa aBTOMaT11311poBaHHoro rrpoeKT11poBaHID1 TeXHonor11qecK11X rrpou,eccoB c6opKH rrpe.a;Ha3HaqeHa AJIH aBTOMaT11311poBaHHOH pa3pa60TK11:

256

• MaprnpyrHhlX KapT (MK) - fOCT 3.1118-82; • orrepaI.J,HOHHbIX KapT (OK) - fOCT 3.1407-86; • Be.UOMOCTeH: IIOTPe6HOCTH B o6opy.uoBaHHH, rrpttcrroco6Jiemrnx, HHCTPYMeHTe, MaTepttanax; • pa3perneHHH Ha H3MeHeHHe (Be,lleHHe) TeXHOJIOrWieCKOH AOKYMeHTaI.J,HH B COOTBeTCTBHH c 3aB0.11;CKHM CTaH,llapTOM Tipe,n:TipIDITIDI. CttcTeMa, Tipe.ucTaBIDIIOrn;asi: co6oH: KOMIIhIOTepHyIO TiporpaMMY, pa3pa60TaHHyIO B cpe.ue Access, HBJUieTCH OTKpbITOH ,llJIH HHTerpaI.J,HH c ,n:pyrHMH 3a,uaqaMH TeXHOJIOfHqecKOH TIO.l(fOTOBKH H yrrpaBJieHIDI TIPOH3B0.11;CTBOM. IlpoeKTHpOBaHHe TeXHOJIOrWieCKHX Tipou,eccoB ocymeCTBJUieTCH Ha ocHoBe 6a3 ,n:aHHhIX, coJ,n:aBaeMbIX ;m6o 3apaHee, JIH6o HeTiocpe,n:CTBeHHO TIPH TipoeKTHpoBaHHH TeXHoJiorttqecKHX Tipou,eccoB. 0,n:HaKo Tipe.uTioqruTeJibHO Tipe.uBapttTeJibHoe coJ,n:aHHe 6a3 .uaHHhIX, co.uep)!(arn;HX CJieAyIOruHe CBe,n:eHIDI: • BH,llbl pa6oT H THIIbl TeXHOJIOfHqecKHX OTiepau,ttH:; • TIPHMeHHeMhie TIO THIIaM orrepau,HH: o6opy.uoBaHtte, Tipttcrroco6JieHID1, HHCTPYMeHT, TeXHOJIOrWiecKasi: .llOKYMeHTau,ID1; • OIIHCaHHe THTIOBbIX TeXHOJIOfHqecKHX Tiepexo,n:oB TIO THTiaM orrepall,HH. CttcTeMa 06ecTieq1rnaeT cJieAyIOruHe pe)!(HMhI pa60Tu1: Co3oaHue Ea3 oaHHblX; O<fJopMJleHue pa3pemeHuii (Ha BBOA HOBhIX H H3MeHeHHe cymeCTByIOIIJ;HX TII); IlpoeKmupoBaHue MapmpymHbtX TII; IlpoeKmupoBaHue

onepau,uoHHbtx TII; CocmaB!leHue BeooMocmeu; IlpocMomp cyw,ecmBy10w,ux Tll. IlpHMep AHaJIOfOBOH <t>opMbl ,llJIH BbI6opa pe)!(HMa pa60Tbl CHCTeMbl TIOKa3aH Ha PHC. 16.1. CocTae e co:mauee ecxo.z.nLIX 633 ,zniHHLIX. CocTaB HCXOAHhIX 6a3 ,n:aHHbIX OTipe,n:eJIHeTCH crroco60M TipOeKTHpOBaHIDI TeXHOJIOrWieCKOro Tipou,ecca c6opKH: HH,llHBHJJ:YaJihHhIH HJIH TIO aHaJioraM. lfHOUBUOYOJlbHOe npoeKmupo6aHue OCHOBhIBaeTCH Ha CHHTe3HpOBaHHH - c6opKe TeXHoJiorWiecKoro Tipou,ecca H3 3JieMeHTOB (orrepau;ttH:, Tiepexo,n:oB, 06opy,n:oBaHID1 H ,n:p.). llpoeKmupoBaHue no aHOJ102aM CBO.UHTCH K BhI6opy H3 E,lJ; TeXHoJiorWiecKoro rrpou;ecca Ha c6opKY aHaJIOrWIHoro H3,n:eJIIDI c TIOCJie.UyIOmeH: ero .uopa6oTKOH, BKmoqa10meH: B ce6H KoppeKTHpOBKY, a TaK)!(e y,n:aJieHHe HJIH ,n:o6aBJieHHe KaKHX-JIH60 3JieMeHTOB. Ha pttc. 16.2 TIOKa3aHa <t>opMa HaqaJihHOro AHaJiora C03JJ:aHIDI 6a3 ,n:aHHhIX CHCTeMbl «JIA3EP 2000». Bh16op 6a3bI ,n:aHHhIX .llJ1H JaTIOJIHeHIDI ocymecTBJUieTcH rn;enqKOM MbIIIIH TIO COOTBeTCTByIOrn;eH: KHOTIKe. KHOTIKa [BbIXO.ll] Tipe.11;Ha3HaqeHa ,llJIH BbIXO,n:a B Tipe,n:bmynzyIO ,llHaJIOfOByIO <l:>OPMY· oa3a .uaHHbIX Laccuf/JuKamop mexHO.llOZU'leCKUX onepau,uii rrpe.uHa3HaqeHa ,llJIH aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOfO BbI6opa HaHMeHOBaHHH H KOAOB TeXHOJIOrWieCKHX orrepau;ttH: TIPH TipoeKTttpoBaHHH TeXHoJiornqecKHx rrpou;eccoB cornacHo CTaH,Uapry Tipe,n:TipIDITIDI.

257

CMCTeMa npoeKTMpoeaHMSl Tn "IIA3EP 2000" "MATl!" - Pocc11llcK11ll rocgqapCTBettHblA TeHHonorM'leCKMA 9HM6epcMTer MM.

K.3.UMonKOBcKoro. Kaci>eapa

"Tnn 11CYJIA"

npoe.1<.ncpoeaH~e onepaUl-IOHHbUC rn OAO "PAMEHCKHA

CocTaeneHVre ae.nOMOcrej;:j

OPi'160POCTPOHTEJlbH~A

JABOJl". OT JlEll fllABHOro TEXHOJIOfA. Uex 15.

PeJ101M<j>qpMbl

;if!Start

I ~ 1$1 rue

l- l~MicrmoftAcceu路 ___

W'Mic1osof!Woid-On"ca...

j Ulil

~0:55

PHc. 16.1. )l,mUioroBa.sI cpopMa .lI)UI Bb16opa pexrnMa pa6oThI CHCTeMhI

Microsoft Access 路 [Co3.AaHMe 1Ja3 JlaHHbOC

l!lfil

<IJoopMa]

Co3naH111e 6a3 naHHblX "fJA3EP-2000"

l!llO

KnaCCM<!>MKtnop TexH011orMt.1ecKMX onepa1.1MA

~ KnacCM<l>MKaTop TexH011orMt.1ecKMX npo1.1eccoe ~ TexH011orMt.1ecKMe npo1.1ecc1>1 H6PWP!:JTHoro onMC6Hll!I

~ TexHonorM4ecKMe npo1.1eccbl onepa1.1MoHHoro onMCtiHM!I ~ npMHeH!leH6!1 llOK!JHeHT61.1M!I

.!.]

060P!JllOB6HMe npMCnOC06110HM!I

HHCTP YMEHT cnecapHO-HOHTa:KHblA C001.1MtlllbHblA

l!J

:.!.!

BCOOHOf'tlT01lbHblA

~ H0pMT01lbHblA

KoHCTP!JKTopcKa!I 6aaanaHHblX

Bb1XOA

PHc. 16.2. <l>opMa uaqa.n:bttoro )];HaJiora co3)1;attm1 6a3 ,llaHHhIX

258

B,!1;, cocTmnuaH H3 .nayx CBH3aHHhIX Ta6JIHU BuiJbl mexnpou,ecca no MemoiJy 6blnOAHeHUH H KAaccurjJuKamop onepau,uii, MoxeT .norroJIHHThCH H KoppeKnipOBaThCH .

.1lmI ,ll;OIIOJIHeHHH IDIH rrpoCMOTpa co.nepxameli-

B,[J: KAaccurjJuKamop mexHoAozuitecKux onepau,uu, COCTOHIUaH H3 ,ll;Byx <l>opM - rnaBHOH H rro.nqHCH HH<popMaUHH rrpe.nHa3HaqeHa <l>opMa

HeHHOH. <l>opMa MH 3aIIOJIHeHHH 6a3bl .naHHhIX IIOKa3aHa Ha PHC.

,llmI

rrpocMoTpa HMeIOIUHXCH B

B,!1;

16.3.

TeXHonorWiecKHX orrepauHli

Heo6XO,ll;HMO:

=> BbI6paTb BH,ll; pa6oT,

HCIIOJih3YH rrone HOMepa 3aIIHCH IlpocMomp

BuiJo6 pa6om;

rrpOCMOTpeTh THIIhl orrepauttli, HCIIOJih3YH rrone HOMepa 3aIIHCH

IlpocMomp muno6 onepau,uu. IlpH Heo6xo.nttMocTH .norronHeHHH

B,!1; HOBhIMH BH.D:aMH pa6oT HJIH

THIIaMH TeXHOJIOrHqecKHX orrepaUHH Heo6XO,ll;HMO COOTBeTCTBeHHO B none IlpocMomp BuiJo6 pa6om rrepeliTH Ha HOBYJO 3arrHch, a B oKHe

BuiJbl mexHoAozuitecKux onepau,uii (pa6om) aaecTH B cooTBeTCTBYJOIUHe IIOJIH KO,ll; BH,ll;a pa6oT H ero HaHMeHOBaHHe, a MH ,ll;OIIOJIHeHHH THIIOB orrepauHli Bh16paTh BH.D: pa6oT B none IlpocMomp BuiJo6 pa6om H B OKHe Tunbl mexHoAozuitecKux onepau,uu B none IlpocMomp muno6 one-

pau,uu rrepeHTH Ha HOBYJO 3aIIHCh .

.1lmI BbI6paHHOro BH,ll;a pa60T He06XO,ll;HMO BBeCTH B COOTBeTCTBYIOIUHe IIOJIH KO,ll; THIIa TeXHOJIOrHqecKOH orrepaUHH Hee HaHMeHOBaHHe.

K11acc1o11<1>1o11KaTOP TexH011or1o111..1ecKMX onepauMlil B111Abl TexHonornYecK111x onepau11111t (pa6or)

KOA 8'Ula pa6ar ~ HaMMeHoBaHMe BMAaj"'O_nep_a_u....,,-o6tu,.-er-oH-0-3H-.4-eH-.,._~-----------

KOA a>111a pa6ar:

Koa nma onepa11Mw: HawMeHoBattMe onepau.ww: JPa3MeTKa

npoCMOTp TMOOB onepallMA

3anMOI>~~ .!.l!!.1!!J

OpocMcrrp BMAaB pa60T

8blX<>A

.1 1 ~ PHC.

11156

16.3. <l>opMa Allll BBO.D;a HH<!>opMaUHH B 6a3y .naHHbIX

259

Ba3a .n;aHHhIX KAaccutjluKamop mexno.11ozu11ecKux npoqecco8 rrpe;::i;Ha3HaqeHa MR xpaHeHIDI U:Hcl>OpMaI.JJUI 06 OCBOeHHhIX B I.J;exe u: Ha rrpe;::i;rrpIDirnu: TeXHoJiornqecKHX rrpoI.J;eccax, Heo6xo.n;u:Mo:H rrpu: BhI6ope attanoroB MR rrpoeKTHpoBaHIDI TTI c6opKH HOBhIX u:J.n;eJiu::H. Krraccu:ct>u:KaTop TeXHoJiornqecKHX rrpoI.J;eccoB ycrnHaBJiu:BaeT cJie.IJYJOmu:e qeTb1pe ypOBIDI KJiaccu:cl>u:KaI.J;u:u:: 1. Tu:rrbI HJ.n;eJiu::H ( c6opoqHhIX e.n;u:Hu:I.J;); 2. Hau:MeHoBaHu:e c6opoqHo:H e.n;u:HU:I.J;hI; 3. 0603HaqeHu:e U:3,D;eJIIDI, B KOTOpoe BXO,D;U:T c6opoqHasi: e.n;HHU:I.J;a; 4. 06o3HaqeHu:e c6opoqHo:H e.n;u:HU:I.J;hI (N2 qepTe)l(a). TiepBhIH ypoBeHh KJiaccu:ct>u:KaI.J;u:u: rrpe.n;ycMa1'pu:BaeT pa3.n;eJiettu:e c6opoqHhIX e.n;u:HU:I.J; Ha TeXHoJioru:qecKH rro;::i;o6Hhie THIIhl, orrpe;::i;em1eMhie cl>YHKI.J;U:OHaJihHhIM Ha3HaqeHU:eM c6opoqHo:H e.n;HHU:I.J;hl u: ee rrpU:HI.J;HnOM pa60Tbl. I l p H Me q a H H e. JlI06aH c6opoqHaH e,ll;HHHUa paCCMa'l'pHBaeTCSI KaK CHCTeMa, npeo6pa.3YJOlllaH BXO,ll;HOH CHfHaJI B BbIXO,ll;HOH, qTo H onpe.z:i;eJUieT ee <l>YHKUHOHaJihHOe Ha3HaqeHHe. IlpHHUHil .z:i;eHCTBHSI BaHHSI BXO,ll;HOfO CHfHaJia B BhIXO,ll;HOH -

npHHUHil npeo6pa.Jo-

onpe.z:i;eJUieTCSI KOHC'fPYKTHBHO-Tex-

HOJJOruqeCKHMH xapaKTepHCTHKaMH COCTaBHhIX qacTeH: c6opoqHoH e.z:i;HHHUhl, a CJie,ll;OBaTeJibHO, onpe.z:i;eJUieT H TeXJfOJIOfHIO H3fOTOBJieHHSI H3,ll;eJIHSI.

BTopo:H, 1'pern:H u: qeTBepThIH ypoBHH KJiaccu:ct>u:KaI.J;HH cooTBeTCTB)'IOT xapaKTepy HHcl>opMaI.J;U:U: 06 H3,D;eJIU:U:, 3aHOCHMOH B 3aroJIOBOK MaplllpYTHOH u: orrepaI.J;U:OHHOH KapT TeXHOJIOfl{qeCKHX npoI.J;eCCOB c6opKH. TaKasi: cwcTeMa KJiaccu:cl>u:KaI.J;u:u: no3BOJUieT 6oJiee ToqHo Bh16paTh aHaJIOf MR npoeKTHPOBaHIDI TeXHOJIOI11'IeCKHX npoI.J;eCCOB c6opKH HOBhlX u:J.n;eJIHH. <l>opMa MR 3arroJIHeHID1 Bll KnaccurjJuKamop mexHoflOW'tecKux npol{ecco6 npe.n;cTaBJieHa Ha pwc. 16.4. 3anoJIHeHwe rrpoH3BO,D;HTCH B CJie.IJYJOmeM nopH,D;Ke: ~ H3 cnu:cKa Tunbl u3aeAuu Bh16paTh THn, K KOTOPOMY MO)l(HO oTHecrn c6opoqttyio e.n;HHU:I.J;y' meJIKHYB JieBOH KHOnKOH MhlllIU: no coOTBeTCTB)'IOII.J;eMY HaU:MeHOBaHmo; ~ eCJIH B cnu:cKe HeT 1'pe6yeMoro THrra U:3,D;eJIIDI, BBecrn tty)l(HOL Ha3BaHHe B COOTBeTCTByiomee TIOJie MH BBO,D;a .n;aHHhIX; ~ ycTaHOBU:B KypCOp B noJie BBO,D;a .n;aHHhIX HaUMeH060HUe u: meJIKHYB JieBo:H KHOTIKOH MhillIH, BBecTu: Hau:MettoBaHu:e c6opoqHo:H e;::i;u:HHI.J;hl, IIOCJie qero OHO TIOHBHTCH B COOTBeTCTB)'IOII.J;eM CTIU:CKe; ~ MR y;::i;aneHIDI ornu:6oqHo:H Janwcw H3 cnu:cKa nepeeecrn Ha Hero KypCOp, BbI,D;eJIHTh 3TY 3aTIU:Ch u:, meJIKHYB npaBOH KHOIIKOH MhlllIH, Bhl3BaTh BCIIJlhIBaIOII.J;ee MeHIO, IIOCJie qero meJIKHYTh MhllllhIO no KHOIIKe [Y,D;aJIU:Th]. AttaJIOI11'IHO BBO,D;HTCH U:Hcl>OpMaI.J;IDI no BCeM qeTb1peM ypOBIDIM KJiaccwcl>u:KaI.J;HH c6opoqHo:H e.n;u:HU:I.J;hl. )laHHasI cl>opMa npHMeIDleTCH TaIOKe MH BhI6opa aHaJIOroB npH npoeKTu:poBaHHU: TeXHOJIOI11'IeCKHX npoI.J;eCCOB Ha HOBbie H3,D;eJIIDI.

260

Kf1ACCH~HKATOPTEXHOnorH~ECKHXnPOUECCOB THnY H3JlenHA

I I

HaHMeHoBaHHe

11 0603H. Ha.nenH~ I

0603H. c6.

en.

f MpOCKOflbl non.naBKOBble

r WpocKonbl L!Hr naT'<MKW!jl"llOB

.QaT'fMKM MOMeHTOB

AKcenepoMBTpbl

npocMO p

Kil

MOTP MK

P11c. 16.4. <l>opMa ,lLIUI 3anoJIHeHIDI EJJ; KAaccu<Pwcamop mexHoAoZu'lecKux npo14eccoe ITpocMoTpeTh co.D;ep)l(aHHe Mapwpym1tou 1wpmbl MO)l(HO, meJIKH}'B MhIIIIhIO no KHOnKe [ITpocMOTp MK]. TipH HaxaTHH KHOnKH [TipocMOTp K,LJ;] OTKpOeTCH OKHO KoHcmpy1CmopCICOU 603bl aaHHbl.X, B KOTOpOM MO)l(HO OTKpblTb <t>aful, CO.D;ep)l(amHH KOHCTpYK'fOPCK}'IO .D;OKyMeHTaU:HIO Ha c6opoqttyJO e.D;HHHizy. K0Hcmpy1Cmopc1Caa 6fl3a i>aHHWX •HJi>uu 14exa» npe.D;ttaJHaqeHa MH o6pameHHH K COOTBeTCTByIOmHM <t>aH:JiaM, B KOTOpbIX xpaHHTCH c6opoqHhie qepTe)l(H HJ.D;eJIHii H .D;pyraH KOHCTpYK'fOPCKaH .D;OKyMeHTau;HH. <l>opMa ,ll;JIH COJ.D;aHHH TaKOH 6a3bl .D;aHHhIX IIOKaJaHa Ha PHC. 16.5. TipH JaIIOJIHeHHH IIOJIH I'unepCCblJllCQ Heo6XO.D;HMO yi<aJaTh IIOJIHhIH nyrh K <t>afuIY, co.aep)l(ameMY c6opoqtthli1 qepTe)I( HJ.D;eJIHH HJIH .D;pyryro HH<l>opMaU:HIO, IIOJBOJIHlOmy10 BbI6paTb HJ.D;eJIHe B KaqecT:Be ammora npH npoeKTHpoBamrn TeXHOJIOIWiecKoro npou:ecca c6opKH. ~ 3Toro B cTpoKe MeHIO JIY)KHO Bhl6paTh onu:H10 BcmaeKa, a JaTeM KOMaH.IJY I'unepCCblJllCa HJIH HaxaTb KOM6HHaUHlO KJiaBHIII [Ctrl] H [JI], HJIH meJIKffYTb MblllihlO no COOTBeTCTByIOmeH: KHOIIKe Ha naHeJIH HHCTp}'MeHTOB. EaJa .aaHHhIX TexHOA0211'1ec1C11e npo14ecc6l MapU1pymH020 on11caHUR rrpe.D;HaJHaqeHa .D;JIH COJ,D;aHHH HH<l>opMal(HOHHOH OCHOBhl npoeKTHpoBaHHH TeXHonoIWiecKHX npou:eccoB c6opKH no attanoraM. 3Ta 6aJa .D;aHHhIX coJ.D;aeTcH ABYMH cnoco6aMH:

261

- fJ x

KOHCTPYKTOPCKAff 6A3A AAHHblX

"l.13AEfll.1~

8b16epn1e nm M$,ll,enKA " ' cmtcKa

lrMpOCKOObl nu.epttb1e

Dsep,Hte Ne qep1e1K:a:

ISE2.562.00S

WEXA"

le 'IED1Pic1 .bmp "Cneu,h$1tKaU,hh 143p,em1ii" 000$H8'1eHMe c6opO'IHOl1 ftAHHHlJ,bl

060SH8"CeHHe BKo.ivtw.ero ~SAenKA

Houep noshu,MM

npocuotp cneu,mJmttal.¥!" 3amtci,.:

••

"' 1

Pa lpa6otKa MK no aHanory 3anHc1>:

.2!1.tJJ

0603Ha'-1eHY1e Aera11tt, c6.

e.a.

e...OA

1.!...1?.!.J!!J = "'='~~~~=~~8-47

Puc. 16.5. <l>opMa .nmi 3arro1rnemrn KOHCTIJYJCTOPCKOM 6a3hI ;:i:attHhIX • JarroJIHeHHeM ,UaHHhIX no paJpa6ornHHhIM B uexe TeXH011or11qecKHM rrpoueccaM; • JaJIOJIHeH11eM ,UaHHbIX rrp11 rrpoeKT11poBaH1111 TeXHOJIOfl-l':leCKHX rrpoueccoB (MK) Ha HOBbie HJ,Uemui:. BaJa ,UaHHbIX cocTOHT HJ ,UByx rn6n11u: rnaBHOH - lllanKa MKJ 11 IIO,Uq11HeHHOH Mapw.pym1ta.R Kapma, CBHJaHHbIX Me)K)J,)' co6oH: OTHOI1IeH11eM OJlHH- KO MHor11M. lllanKa MKJ co,Uep)J(JfT cBe,UeHMH o paJpa6oT'IHKax H HJ,lleJIHH B COOTBeTCTBHH C fQCT 3.1118-82 <l>opMa 1, orr11caHHe TeXH011or~ecKHX orrepautt:H:. ,[J;JIH JarronHeH11H B,n: rrpe,UyCMOTpeHa <}lopMa 3ano;menue w.anKu MKI c BXO,UHrn;e:H: B Hee rro,UqHHeHHo:tf <}lopMo:tf Hnau6uayaJ1b1toe npoeKmupo6a1tue MK. <l>opMa 3anoA1te1tufl wanKu MKJ cocTOHT 11J ,llByx 3KpaHHbIX CTpaHHI.\: Ha rrepBOH (pHC. 16.6, a) - rrpOHJBO,llHTCH JarronHeHHe ,UaHHbIX rnarrKH MK, a Ha BTopo:H: (p11c. 16.6, 6) co,UepxaHHe TexH011or11qecKoro rrpouecca. ,[J;;rn rrepexo,Ua Ha BTOa

Mapwpymna.R Kapma -

py10 CTpaHHUY He06XO)lHMO rn;eJIKHYTh MhlllihlO no KHOITKe [Ilpo,llOJIXHTb BBO,U). 3arroJIHeHHe 6aJbI .u.aHHbIX rrpoHJBOJlHTCH B cJieJlYIOrn;eM rropH,llKe: => JarroJIHHTh rroJJH Ha rrepBo:tf CTPaHHUe <}lopMhI; => rrepeMTH Ha CJieJlYIOIIzyIO CTPaHHey c IIOMOIIJ;bIO KHOIIKH [Ilpo)1,0Jl)J(JfTh BBO,ll); => JaIIOJIHHTb IIOJIH Ha BTOpo:H: CTPaHHUe ,lJ,JIH rrepBOH onepau1111. HaHMCHOBaHHe orrepaumf HJ CITHCKa MOXHO BhI6paTb c IIOMOIIJ;hIO

262

~Microsoft Access - (Jano11HettMe wanKM MK 1

Co3,AaHHe P aspa60Tan

l!lr;J El

¢iopMal

6Jl H npoe1<THpoeaHHe MapwpyTHblX 1<apT c6op1<H

25.12.00

(<!>y<1>aeo3.B.

nooeepw11-

25.12.00

TexHonor on: YTeeoown:

25.12.00 25.12.00

HopMoKoKTpnep .

25.12.00

HaMMeHoBaHwe MSA6J1Mst (AeT_.

c6.

jnr-1 06o3tta'leH1o1e AeTanM,

c6.ea:

(9E2.562.005

CA.):

19E2.562005

Uex

Y'I.

PM Onep.

ji5'"""'001 3an1tci.:

H-awMettoeattwe onepatutw

140fCl5op•• Ycra'100KaTpaHC<1>opMaTopa

,.!!J..:j ~ .!..l.!.!.L!!J

Ko.q

06osH<PteHMe AOlt.gMeHTa:

3~1-=>--=~.,..._~~~==--

Cny>Ke6Hbti1 CKMBOJ1

I~ Microsolt Accen · ...

Co3,AaHHe

r Uex

6Jl H npoeKTHpoeaHHe MapwpyTHblX KapT c6opKH

t9E2.562.005 Y~- PM Onep.

HaMMet10eaHMe

onepauww

"""

~DC-f160 ~l3_n_e_KT_p_o_u_o"-'-"-"'------K0.t1. HaMMeHooaHMe o<iop~oeaHHff:

PHc. 16.6. Ilep:erui: (a)

H BTOpllSI

(6)

C'I'paHHUhl <l><>PMbI 3ano,1HeHue wam(u

MKJ

263

CTPeJIKH B npaBOM qacTH IIOJUI HJIH BBeCTH HaqaJibHbie 6}'KBbl Ha3BaHIDI onepauuu; => nepe:HTu Ha cneJlYIOIUYJO onepaumo, meJIKHYB MbIIIIbIO no coOTBeTCTBYJOllle:H KHOIIKe noJUI HOMepa 3arrucu; => memrnyrb MbIIIIbIO no KHOIIKe [Ilepexo.u Ha HOBoe H3,n:enue] ,llIDl npo,n:omKemrn 3anonHeHID1 .6,[( HJIH npoeKTupoBaHIDI MK Ha .upyroe H3,n:enue. Ilocne 3anontteHID1 EJJ: MO)l(HO npocMOTPeTb co.uepxamre MK 11 pacneqaTaTb ee, meJIKHYB MbIIIlblO no COOTBeTCTBYJOlllHM KHOnKaM. TaK KaK 6a3a .uaHHbIX co.uep:xrnT CBe.ueHIDI no BCeM H3.UeJIIDIM uexa, TO ,llIDl ee ITpOCMOTPa HJIH pe,n:aKTHpoBaHIDI Heo6xo,UHMO: => YCTaHOBHTb KypCOp B ITOJie 06o3Ha"teHue oemaAu, c6. ea.; ~ meJIKHyrb MbIIIlblO ITO KHOnKe [IloucK] Ha ITaHeJIH HHCTPYMeHTOB (6HHOKJib); • ~ B ITOHBHBIIIeMCH ,UHaJIOrDBOM OKHe (pHC. 16.7) BBeCTH HOMep qepTexa (o6o3HaqeHue) c6opoqtto:H e.uuHHUbI; => meJIKHyrb MbIIIlbIO ITO KHOITKe [Ha:UTH] . .6a3a .uaHHbIX TexH011ozu'lecKue npoqeccw onepaquoHHOZO onucaHUJJ co.uep)l(Jff ,UBe Ta6JIHUbI, CBH3aHHbie Me:>K,Izy co6o:U OTHOIIIeHHeM O,UHH KO MHOfMM. IlpH 3TOM rnaBHOM SIBJIHeTcH Ta6;rnua lllanKa OKJ, B KOTOPYIO 3aHOCSITCSI CBe,UeHHH B COOTBeTCTBHH c fOCT 3.1407-86 <l>opMa 1.

Co3AaHMe

6.ll M npoeKTMpoeaHMe MapwpyTHblX KapT c6opKM

Paspa60Tan •

nooaepwn ;

noMcK B none '06o3Ha"leHMe JleTanw;

r==Ha•

Uex

Y"I.

eJl'

Q6pa3eq;

j!J!Jii@i.,,...,~fn1!1jiijl-===:-----==:J

ngoCMOTp:

)ace

~osnaAeHtte:

lnorn ue1u.1KoM

Onep.

P' TOll,bKO e reKyw,ett no11e

DEi H2"1T11

I:====: t!a?fr11 Aanee I 3aKpbtTb

HaltMeHoaaHMe onepal(MM

3.:.nMci.-..!.!.l!..J~..!!:.l!!..1.t!~4

rb1c<

;;t1s1a1t PHC.

264

l$J @:l

16.7 . .[lHaJIOfOBOe OKHO yCJIOBHH Bbl6opa HH¢>opMau1rn B 6aJe .naHHblX

Cm13aHHrui: c Heif 110,11,qHHeHHrui: Ta6rrm.1,a -

Onepau,uoHHaJl Kapma

co,11,ep)IGIT 011wcaHHe 11epexo,11,0B 110 011epa1.1,ID1M TeXHOJIOIWiecKoro 11po1.1,ecca.

.[(ml

3a11orrHemrn

B.D:

KaK 110 paHee pa3pa6oTaHHhIM TeXHorrom-

qecKHM 11po1.1,eccaM, TaK H 11pH HH,IJ,HBH,11,yaJibHOM 11poeKTIIpoBaHHH

OK, 11pe.zzycMOTpeHa q>OpMa 3ano;menue manKU OKI, B KOTOPYIO BXOHniJuBUOya/l&Hoe npoeKmupoBanue OK. <l>opMa 3ano1menue wamw OKI cocTOHT H3 ,11,Byx 3KpaHHhIX cTpaHHU: Ha 11epBOH CTpaHHl.l,e (pHC. 16.8, a) 11pOH3BO,IJ,HTCH 3al10JIHeHHe ,11,aHHblX rna11KH OK, a Ha BTopoH. cTpaHH1.1,e (pwc. 16.8, 6) - co,11,ep)l(amrn

.UHT 11o~HHeHHilll cpopMa

11epexo,11,0B. 3a11orrHeHHe

B.D: 11poH3BO.UHTCH B crre.11.YI<>meM 11opH,UKe:

=> ,11,aHHbie o pa3pa6o~HKe H 11poBepHI01llHX; => ,11,aHHbie 06 H3,UeJIHH; => ,11,aHHbie 110 co,11,epxaHHlO 011epa1.1,ww; 11pwqeM Haq~rnaTh BB0.11. ,11,aHHhIX Heo6XO,IJ,HMO c BB0,11,a HOMepa 011epal.l,HH. Tiocrre 3al10JIHeHHH 11epBOH CTpaHHl.l,bl cpopMbl Heo6XO,IJ,HMO merrKlfYTb MblillblO 110 KHOl1Ke [Ha CJie.11.YI<>IllYI<> CTpaHmzy] H 11p0,11,0Jl)IGITb BBOJJ: ,11,aHHhIX 011epa1.1,HOHHoro TeXHorrorwqecKoro 11po1.1,ecca Ha BTOpoH. cTpaHw1.1,e cpopMbI B crre.11.YI<>meM 11opH,UKe: cHaqarra 110 KOMIIJieKTYIOillHM H3,IJ,eJIHHM H MaTepHaJiaM, a 3aTeM 110CJie,IJ,OBaTeJibHO 110 Ka)l(,UOM)' 11epexo.zzy. BBo,11, ,11,aHHbIX 110 11pHMeHHeMbIM KOMIIJieKTyiolllHM H3,IJ,eJIHHM ocymecTBJIHeTcH B crre.uyiomeM 11opH,UKe:

=> BBeCTH CHMBOJI K; => BBeCTH HaHMeHOBaHHe .ueTaJIH HJIH c6opoqHOH e,11,HHHl.l,bl; => BBeCTH o603HaqeHHe ,11,eTaJIH HJIH c6opoqHoH e,11,HHHl.l,bl (NQ

qep-

Te)l(a);

3a110JIHHTh 110JIH

c Tpe6oBaHHHMH rocT

OIIII, EB, EH, KH, Hpacx B cooTBeTCTBHH 3.1407-86 (.uorrycKaeTCH B 110Jie EB BB0,11,HTb

HOMep 1103Hl.l,HH corrracHO c11e1.1,HcpHKal.l,HH).

11epeHTH Ha crre.11.YI<>IllYI<> 3a11Hcb (11epexo.u), merrKHYB MbiillhlO

110 COOTBeTCTByIOilleH KH011Ke B 110Jie 11pOCMOTpa 3al1HCeH. TaKOH 110PMOK BB0,11,a ,11,aHHbIX 110BTOpHeTCH 110 Ka)l(JJ:OM)' HaHMeHOBaHHlO KOMIIJieKTyiolllHX H3,IJ,eJIHH ,11,JIH .uaHHOH 011epa1.1,HH. AHarrorwqHhIM o6pa30M 11poH3BOJJ:HTCH BB0.11. ,11,aHHhIX 110 11pwMeHHeMbIM OCHOBHbIM H BCl10MOfaTeJibHbIM MaTepwarraM, TOJibKO HaqHHaeTCH OH c CHMBOJia

BBo.u ,11,aHHbIX 110 Ka)l(JJ:OM)' 11epexo.zzy 11poH3B0.11.HTCH B crre)1,YIOmeM 11opH,UKe:

=> HOMep 11epexo,11,a; => co,11,ep)l(aHHe 11epexo,11,a; => pe)l(HMbl BhIIIOJIHeHHH 11epexo.ua; => M0,11,eJib H HaHMeHOBaHHe 11pHCl10C06JieHHH; => M0,11,eJIH H HaHMeHOBaHHH HHCTpYMeHTa: BCl10MOraTeJibHOfO,

crre-

capHO- MOHTa)l(HOro, c11e1.1,HaJibHOro, cpe,11,CTB H3MepeHHH.

265

""Microsoft Access· (3anonttettMe wanKM

OK1

l!lfaE3

q>opMa(

.:M.J x

6.Cl M npoel<TMpoeaHMe onepau.MoHHblX 1<apT

Co3AaHMe

hUIEW¥ia

Pa3pa60Tan

18.03.0ll

OpoeepHn

TexHonor 0 rr ·

06ostta'lemte c6.

lc....,arMHa (n0tt..._.c.11. !no"'""-" C.11.

Y1seDAun: HopM01r.oHTpnep

CAMHMtlbl

06o3H8'1eHMe AOK~MeKTa:

florrepa

HaMMeHOBaHMe w:menMA (Ae1... c6. eA.):

Koa onepallMM,

8b16op onepat.¥ut

KOA 06opyaoeaHMJ1:

KoppeKntposKa

npocMOTP ttnftpa1tMM

Ha HOBOC M3Jlena.te

Ha cnen,910Ul1010 onep. itMu 3anMe.,:

.i!.l..!J~ ~

npoCMOTP OK

ne-.aTb OK

Pa>pa6oTan <l>VIO

m' Microsoft Word · 0nMCOHM

llG. Micro•ofl Accen · (3...

a ~ M1crosoU Access

03AaHMe

(3anontteHMe wam::.w OKl

!lr€J El

ci>opMa)

6.Cl M npoel<TMpoeaHMe onepau,MOHHblX 1<apT 25

N" onep HaMM6H083HMe ae-ranw.

c6. eAMHttllbl MllM Marepwana IJ6osHa'leHMe. KOA onn: EB: EH: KH: Hpacx

111

r.:::JKtMj nepe>CO.O.bl lfe>KMMbl

I np1-1cnoco611~ 8cnoMOraTeJ1bHb~

Cnec~~-~o~~~~-J- Cn~1~a/lbHb~

(:pe.Acrea H3r

[O' BotmMTe

GMMBon

Mt nepexoAa

12. npocyWMTb AeTOflM HO BO~y<e

]

nocne eeo.na .naHHblX no eceM nepexo.naM onepattMM -

nepeATM Ha cne.t1

web (nepexoa.) w an.pblTb

.II

3anMci.: ~~ ...!.l!!.l!!J IC:oppeKTHP06

Jlo6anKT• cOJ1epircaHMe

u 611

·nepexcuuJ1..

cneA!IKJUU'lK> onepaQ.MO

3an1toi.:

MO:

u~naa,,;.9

noacMarP onepat(MA

HOBOe M3Jl,enwe

npocMOTP OK )

neqaTb OK

8b1XOA

:.!.!l..!..J~ ...!.l!!.l!!J ~•• _7_ 0 ~~~~~ c6. eA

06o3Ha4eH11e A8T8111,

EfMictosoftWord · OnMCaHM.. 11G,Microsofl Access· [3...

~lil!l 1832

6 PHc.

16.8.

TiepBlUI (a) H BTOplUI

(6)

CTpaHHUbl <t>opMbl

3anoAHeHue lllamcu OKI

266

~ BBo.n;a .n;aHHhIX no cJie.IJYIOrn:eMY nepexo.n;y cne.n;yeT rrepei1TH Ha HOBYJO 3anHCb H OTKpbITb BKJia,D;KY IlepexoiJbl. 3aTeM noBTOpHTb Bee IIyttKTbl. ,l],aHHbie, BBe.n;eHHbie no BCeM nepexo.n;aM, MO.)l(HO BHeCTH B COOTBeTCTBYJOIIJ;He Ta6JIHllhI B,l],, .llIDI qero cne.n;yeT rn;eJIKHYTh MhIIIIhlO no KHOnKe [,l1,o6aBl1Tb co.n;ep)l(aHHe B B,l],]. PaCCMOTpHM Ha3Ha'leHHe KHOnOK, pacnoJIO)l(eHHblX B HH)l(HeH qaCTl1 <t>opMbI 3ano;meHue wanKu OKI. Tiocne Ha)l(aT11H KHOnKH [TipocMOTp OK] Ha 3KpaHe MO)l(HO YBH.n;eTb co.n;ep)l(aHHe onepa11HOHHOH KapTbl, KOTopoe TaIOKe MO)l(HO BblBeCTH Ha ne'laTh, Ha)l(aB KHOnKY [TieqaTb OK]. EcJIH Tpe6yeTCH KoppeKTHPOBKa co.n;ep)l(aHHH OK, Heo6xo.n;HMO rn;eJIKHYTh MhIIIIhlO no KHOnKe [KoppeKT11poBKa OK]. Tiocne BhIIIOJIHeHHH Jarrpoca Ha 3KpaHe IIOHBHTCH ,ll;l1HaMH'!eCKaH Ta6JIHI1a, B KOTOpoM: CJie.n;yeT rrpoBeCTH KoppeKTHpOBKY co.n;ep)l(aHHH OK. KHorrKH [Ha cJie.IJYIOrn;yio onepa11H10] H [Ha HOBoe m.n;enHe] rrpe.n;Ha3Ha'!eHbI .llIDI rrepexo.n;a BBO.n;a .n;aHHbIX COOTBeTCTBeHHO .llIDI TeKYrn;ero H HOBOfO H3,D;eJIHH. KHonKa [TipocMOTp onepa11Hi1] rrpe.n;HaJHa'!eHa .llIDI npocMOTpa co.n;ep)l(aHHH Bcex BBe.n;eHHbIX orrepa11H.i1 TeKYIIJ;eH c6opO'lHOH e.n;HHHllbl. TipocMOTp orrepa1111M: 11enecoo6pa3HO BhIIIOJIHHTh rrpH JarronHeHHH B,l], HJil1 npoeKTHpoBaH11H OK rrocne nepephrna B pa6oTe. Ba3a .n;aHHhIX IlpUMeHReJHaa OOKYMeumaqua pa3pa6aTbrnaeTcH Ha TeXHOJIOfH'leCKHe rrpo11ecCbl H orrepa11H11. Ba3a COCTOl1T 113 Ta6JIHllbl H <t>opMbI .llIDI ee JanonHeHHH (pHc. 16.9). B B,l], npe.n;ycMoTpeHa B03MO)l(HOCTh BBO,D;a 11 rrpOCMOTpa co.n;ep)l(aHHH TeXHOJIOfH'leCKOfO ,D;OKYMeHTa qepe3 none FunepccblJIKa. Ba3a .n;aHHhIX 06opyiJoBanue, npe.n;Ha3Ha'leHHaH .llIDI BbI6opa Mo.n;eneM: o6opy.n;oBaHHH npH npoeKTHPOBaHHH TeXHOJIOfl1'leCKHX rrpo11ecCOB, COCTOHT H3 rn6JIHllbl 06opyiJ060HUe H <t>opMbl .llIDI ee 3aIIOJIHeHHH 3ano;meHue BJ( «06opyiJoeaHue» (pHc. 16.10). ~ 3anoJIHeHHH 3TOH 6a3hl .n;aHHbIX CHa'laJia Ha,D;O BhI6paTb HaHMeHOBaHHe H KO,D; TeXHOJIOfH'leCKOH onepa11HH, a 3aTeM BBeCTH .n;aHHbie no npHMeHHeMoMy o6opy.n;oBaHHIO. KHorrKa [BbIXo.n;] rrpe.n;Ha3Ha'leHa .llIDI 3aKpblTl1H <t>opMbl H BbIXO.n;a B <l>OPMY Ha'laJibHOfO ,ll;HaJIOra C03,D;aHHH HCXO,ll;HbIX 6a3 .n;aHHbIX. Ba3a .n;aHHhIX Hpucnoco611euua, npe.n;Ha3Ha'!eHHaH .llIDI Bb16opa MO.n;ene.H rrpHcrroco6JieHHH rrpH rrpoeKTHpoBaHHH TeXHonomqecKHX npo11eccoB, co.n;ep)l(HT nepeqeHb Mo.n;eneM: rrpHcnoco6neHHH no BCeM THnaM TeXHonorH'!ecKHX onepa11Hi1 H c6opo'!HhIM e.n;HHHI1aM. B,l], cocTo11T H3 Ta6JIHllhI Ilpucnoco6AeHUR H <t>opMbI .llIDI ee 3anoJIHeHHH 3anoAHeHue BJ( «Ilpucnoco6AeHUR» (pHc. 16.11). ~ 3aIIOJIHeHHH 3TOH 6a3bl .n;aHHbIX CHa'laJia Heo6xo.n;HMO BbI6paTb HaHMeHOBamie H KO,D; TeXHOJIOrH'leCKOH orrepa11HH, a 3aTeM BBeCTH KO,ll; (Mo.n;eJib), HaHMeHOBaHHe rrpHCIIOC06JieHHH H HOMep qepTe)l(a c6opo'IHOH e.n;11HHllhI, .llIDI KOTopo:M: OHO npe.n;Ha3Ha'leHo. KHonKa

267

l!!ll'iJ 13

~Microsoft Access - (T exHonorwt1eu.we AOKyMetrr1:>1)

3anontteH11e

6A "TexHonor111leCK11e AOKyMeHTbl"

06osHa~eHJ1e c6opO'IHOH e,oHHMIJ,bl

HaM:uettooetnte

co. ~hHMLl,b1:

OOosHa'leHJ.te AOKYM8HT8:

jcm

HaHueHoeaH.He AOf<YMeHta:

jnmonoH 1extto.nont'lec1ont npou.ecc

fMnepccbJJU:(a

jDIPLOM\CKReKB8Hlte.mdb

8blXOll

l~Microsoll Acceu · ...

PHc. 16.9. <l>opMa AJIB aao.na ,naHHhIX B E,lJ, TeXHoJiorJ11IecKHX .nmcyMeHTOB

l!lr;)

Microsoft Access - (npwcnoco6neHMs:t]

3anonttett11e 6A "06opyA0Batt11e "

8b16op onepatr,KK

~'Cyw~_n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _·} llOA ~•=~--~11 Bsob diJNNblX no 06opyiJoaaNu10 06»1am~11e11!

ltatD.teHOB8HHe 000PYAOB8HWI:

IWMociosoft'Word · 0fll.!C8HW

ll~Micmsoft Acee.. · (0 ...

Yim

PHc. 16.10. <l>opMa AJIB 3anoJIHeHIDI 6,[J, o6opy.noaaHIDI

268

soo

l!lfil

<I,. Mocrosofl Access - (npwcnoco6neHMR]

3ano11Hett"1e 6A "np"1cnoco611eH"1J:1

B•16op oneP•ll'•Ml~C_fi_OP~""-----------~::1- Ko,a,

KOA (MQAenb) npMCnoco6neHtt11

~·=; '='___ ]

19E7829-6197

HaMMeHODattHe

06oiH8'1eHRe c6. eAKHH~I

8b1XOA

3•n11ci.:

:..!.!.L!J r==7i ~

onep~K-t

;a start

EJ'MicrosoftWoid O"""""" lltli.Microsofl Acceu - (n __ .

Puc. 16.11. <l>opMa ,ll.JUI 3arr01rnemur 6.l( rrpucrroco6JieHHH

1!19

~ M1crosofl Access - ('1HCTP~Metrr cnecapHo Mottra•HblM)

3ano11HeH"1e

6A "HHCTpyMeHT CJlecapHO·MOHTaJKHbli.i .. ,

B•16op onep•ll'•Ml~C_6_op_... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.:_J Ko,a,

Bco~ l)~lflrblX no

.... las_o_o_ ___,

UHcmpyne1t111y 6.uame»e11' H~mueHOBIHMe

4GU!.O.! IDl1d

8b1XOA

HaHMeHOBaHHe Cnecapt-tO-MOHTa*Hbl1 HHCTP'r"'feHT

EJ'Mocrosol!Wood · On1ACa1-1<

ltli.Microsofl Access· (II ...

Puc. 16.12. <l>opMa .ll)UI 3aIIOJIHeHlUI 6)l CJiecapHO-MOHTIDKHOI'O HHCTp}'MeHTa

269

[BhIXO;:J;] npe.n;Ha3HaqeHa JlJUI 3aKphlTIDI <t>opMhl H BhIXO;:J;a B <t>OPMY HaqaJihHOfO ;:J;HaJIOra C03,ll;aHIDI HCXO;:J;HhIX 6a3 .n;aHHhIX. Ba3a .n;aHHhIX

HncmpyMenm

npe.n;Ha3HaqeHa JlJUI Bh16opa HHCTPY-

MeHTa npH npoeKTHpoBaHHH TeXHonor}lqeCKHX npou;eccoB. B cooTBeTCTBHH c fOCT

3.118-82

HHCTPYMeHT' rrpHMeIDieMbIH IIPH BhIIIOJIHe-

HHH TeXHOJIOf}lqeCKHX orrepau;H:H, pa3,n;eJU1eTCH Ha cne.n;y1011.i;He

rpyn-

IIhI: BCIIOMOraTeJihHhIH, CJiecapHO-MOHTaJKHhIH, cneu;HaJihHhIH, cpe.n;CTBa H3MepeHIDI. ITo3TOMY B CHCTeMe

«JIA3EP 2000» npe.n;ycMOTPeHbl

6a3bl .n;aHHhIX, co.n;ep)l(amHe nepeqHH MO.n;ene:H H HaHMeHOBaHHH HHCTPYMeHTa no BCeM THIIaM TeXHonorHqecKHX onepau;H:H H c6opoqHhIM e,n;HHHD;aM.

,[(ml

npHMepa Ha pHC.

16.12

IIOKa3aHa THIIOBaH <t>opMa JlJUI 3aIIOJI-

HeHIDI 6a3hI .n;aHHhIX no cnecapHO-MOHTaJKHOMY HHCTPYMeHry.

16.3.

npoeKntpOB3HMe T9XHOl10rW·l9CKOrO npo'-'ecca Ha OCHOBe 6a3 ,qaHHblX

B cooTBeTCTBHH c rrpHHU:HIIaMH TexHonorHqecKo:H no.n;roTOBKH rrpoH3Bo.n;cTBa npoeKTHpoBaHHe TIT HaqHHaeTCH c o<t>opMJieHIDI pa3perneHIDI Ha H3MeHeHHe TeXHOJIOfH:qeCKOro npou;ecca. <l>opMa MH coCTaBJieHIDI TaKoro ;:J;OKYMeHTa, COCTOHID;aH H3 .n;Byx CTPaHHU:, IIOKa3aHa Ha pHC.

16.13.

ITocne o<t>opMJieHIDI pa3perneHIDI nepexo.n; K npoeKTHpoBaHHIO HJIH H3MeHeHHIO TeXHOJIOf}lqeCKOfO npou;ecca rrpOH3BO;:J;HTCH HaxaTHeM KHOIIKH [Ha rrpoeKTHpoBaHHe TIT]. ITpH 3TOM Bee cBe,n;eHIDI 06 H3.n;eJIHH H pa3pa60NHKax TIT aBTOMaTH:qeCKH nepeHOCHTCH B 6a3y MaPIIIPYTHhIX TeXHOJIOfHqecKHx rrpmi;ecCOB. ITpoeKTHPOBaHHe TeXHOJIOfHqecKHX rrpou;eccoB c6opKH rrpOH3BO;:J;HTCH ;:J;BYMH cnoco6aMH: HH.n;HBH.n;yaJihHO HJIH IIO aHarroraM.

IlpoeKTHpoaauae TeXHoJiofll'lecKHX npo._eccoa Mapmpymoro oDHcaHBJ1. ITpou;ecc Htt.n;HBH.n;yaJihHoro npoeKTHpoBaHIDI TIT no cBoe:H TeXHOJIOfHH IIOJIHOCThlO aHaJIOfHqeH rrpou;eccaM C03;:J;aHIDI 6a3 .n;aH-

16.2. 16.14 noKa3aHa cxeMa anropHTMa Htt.n;HBH.n;yaJihHOro npo-

HhIX, KOTOpbie .n;eTaJihHO H3JIO)l(eHbl B rro.n;pa3,ll;. Ha pHc.

eKTHpoBaHIDI MapIIIPYTHhIX KapT c6opKH. ITpoeKTHpoBaHHe

no aHarrory ocymecTBJUieTCH B cne.n;yIOID;eM

rropH;:J;Ke:

~ OTKPhITh <l>OPMY IlpoeKmupoBaHue

MK no aHaJlo2y (pHc. 16.15); ~ npOCMOTPeTb H BhI6paTb B 6a3e H3;:J;eJIHH u;exa c6opoqHyIO e.n;HHHey, aHaJIOf}lqHyIO HOBOMY H3;:J;eJIHIO; ~ pacneqaTaTh MK aHarrora; ~ rrpoBeCTH aHaJIH3 MK aHarrora Ha cooTBeTCTBHe TPe6oBaHIDIM KOHCTPyKTOpCKOH ;:J;OKYMeHTaD;HH HOBOfO H3;:J;eJIIDI (.n;aHHhIH aHaJIH3 rrpOH3BO;:J;HTCH He 3a KOMIIhIOTepoM); 270

UexoeoA N': p5-307 Ra11M. c6. ea.

fHoe.39

JIJ¥1 !$!!114!!.fa.!411¥·'™

rn-1

MapWp!lf:

N! AOKyMeHTa:

HawMeH. AOK!JM.

fl11CT: Bcero Kane1<:

j1~C11He1<: 0 Bee 0

Co,o,Hw Beecrn BHOBb npH BHeJ TexHonor Beecrn BHOBb H....anbHlll< Tli 3aM.Ha•. Uexa HopM11poBU1111<: Ha•..RbHMI< liTI< TexHonor XMO

j<1>~<1>aes3.B. jW"KB.Ll.

ro ro 11.02.01 11.02.01

l"'!j;aeo 3.8. nerpoo n.n.

TexHonor Ofl 'Ct-MarHHa TCKHOJID• liHM 1--- - - - - - TexH. rp. pacu.ex: npeACT.3aKa3•. -----~i",

Ha CTP 2

!.!!l..!J c - 1 ~ _••-3--·~-~---~----,

3anMcb:

flpl1'*1Hbl 113MeHe~i1

JW Mic1osoft W01d · On«caHw.. 11~ Microsoft Accen - [P...

530

a ~ Microsoft Access

[Pa3peweHMe Ha M3MeHeHwe TeHAoKyMetrrallMM

AKT BHe,ApettWA cepuAHoro TexHonorw'fec1toro npoitecca

lle-ram< (c6op1<11) N'N'

Ue>:.W:

YTBePA11n

1!19

-itopMa)

jnoHoMapee C.~"

Cpo1< BHeapeHwR e uexe:

j9E2.562.C05

11.02.01 01 .03.01

Texnpouecc ocHaw.ett o6opyaoeaHMeM, KOMn.neKTOM TeKHO/lOrl•Nt"CKOM OCHaCTl<M 1-t

M3MeHeHMe TpynoeMKOCTlf H/..ac Ha

o6ecne~ M3rOTOBJ1eHMe B no/JHOM

100 WT

COOTBeTCTBMM c rpe6oeat1IB=IMH KOHCTWTopcKoM

D.ClK!jMeHf"""" II TY

Texnpouecc or-q>o6oeaH e uexe ~ Ha Y'{liCTKe

P-

Ha•. 6TK:

l"'n'"'er_poo_"'n.""n,-----

Macrep:

Ha npoer:.;~. 3JJRMC-.:

HW~

l<!>y<1>aee3.B.

Oe'la..-b nasoewertMH J

Ha CTP 1

JW Mic1osolt WOld • Onwcaew.. II~ Microsoft Aceen - [P...

Ulil!l

...!!.l.:i:Jr-1 ~ M~

Pell<HHcj>opr<•• ~Start

531

6 Puc.

16.13.

IlepBasI (a) "BTOpasI

(6)

CTpaHUU:hI <f>opMhI MJI COCTaBJiemrn

p33peweHID1 Ha UJMeHeHue TCXHOJIOI'H'ICCKOH JlOKYMCHTaU:UU

271

HcxoiJHble ma6AU/4bl

,4UaAOZOBQJI </JopMa

8H,Uhl TeXHOJIOrHqecKHX npoueccoa

3anoJIHeHHe wamrn MKl

I I r--

1 I I

r--1 I

KJiaccmt>HKaTOp onepauHH:

IlpOCMOTP MK

IlpHMeHHeMble .UOK}'MeHTbl

MapwpyTHIUI KapTa

IleqaThMK

CoJ.QaTh ,UHHaMffqeCJcyIO TafiJIHuy

06opy.uoaattHe

OTKph!Tb

CoJ.UaTh .UHHaMffqeCJcyIO Ta6JIHuy

QTqeT

.ll.illl npOCMOTPa

IleqaThMK

PHc.

16.14. CxeMa anropHTMa HH)J.HBH,eyaJihHOro npoeKTHpoBamrn

M1c1osoft Access

(B1:>16op w3,ne11Hs:1 aHa11ora · cpopMa)

l!!lfa

npoeKTMpOB8HMe MK no aHanory Jlns. Bb16opa attanor-a npocMOJpMTe OCBOeHHble B l(exe M3A8RMSI

2. 8b16pae attanor npocMOTpNTe M pacne.. araATe Mapwpyrttgto ~aPTg AIHI o:tttaKoMnettwA M ..PY'IHoro0 peac..TMPOBattMH

4_ BoeaMTe HOMep llfePTe•a Hoeoro M3Ae1nu1

5. Beea.MTe MK Ha ttoeoe waaenMe B 6a39 AaHHbUC w OTpeJtaKTMpyllTe

Peaa~TMPOBattwe MK

113' Microsoft Word· OnMC-.. JI~ Microsoft Acceu · (8 ... PHc .

272

16.15. HaqanhHa.sI <t>opMa npoeKTHpoBaHIDI MK no aHaJioraM

~ OTKphITb <l>OPMY Ilpoe1emupoeanue MK no aHa.!lozy, ec;rn oHa 6hma JaKpbITa; ~ BBecnt B noJUI :noti <PopMhI HOMepa c6opollHhIX qepTexeti aHanora " HOBOfO HJJJ;eJIIDI; ~ rn.eJIKH}'Th MhIIIIhIO no KHOnKe PeiJa1emupoeanue MK, nocne qero aBTOMaTHlleCKH: OTKpOeTCH JJ;HHaMHlleCKaH Ta6JIHUa, HJ KOTopo:H 6yJzyT y.u;aneHhl HMeIOrn.HecH TaM JanncH H BBe.u;eHhI .u;aHHhie MK attanora; none, co.u;epxamee o6oJHalleHne (HoMep qepTexa) aHanora, JaMeHHTCH Ha HOMep qepTexa HOBOfO HJJJ;eJIIDI; H3MeHeHHhie .u;aHHbie 6yJzyT .u;o6aBJieHhI B Ta6JIHUhI li,ll lllan1ea MKI

n MapwpymHOR 1eapma; OTKpOeTcH <t>opMa 3ano1menue wan1eu MKI; B OTKphIBIIIYIOCH <l>OPMY 3ano1menue wan1eu MKI BBeCTH .u;aHHhie no HOBOMY H3JJ;eJimo, HCilOJib3YH KHOnKH npOCMOTPa 3anHce:H li,ll; rrpoBeCTH pe.u;aKTnposaHHe .u;aHHhIX no KIDK.IJ:OH orrepaunn. IlpoelITllpOB8Jllle TeXHOJIOl'll'leCKHX npoueccoe onepaIUIOHROl'O ODBCalllUI. IlpoeKTHpoBaHHe orrepaUHOHHbIX KapT c6opKH JJ;OJDICHO HallH-

HaTbCH nocJie pa3pa60TKH M BBOJJ;a B 6a3y .u;aHHhIX MaplIIPYTHOfO TexHOJIOfHlleCKOfO npouecca. IlpoeKTHPOBaHHe onepauMOHHhIX KapT npOM3BOJJ;MTCH TaKXe JJ;ByMH cnoco6aMH: MH.u;MBH.u;YaJihHO M no aHaJIOfaM.

npoeKTHpOBOHMe

OK no

OHOllOr!J

1. AHanor Msa,enws. 6111.1 Bbl6paH npM npoe~TMJJOBattMM MapwpllJTHOl::ii KaJ)Tbl

2. BBe.Q.ure HOMep 'leptex:a aHa11ora 3. BseaMTe HOMep onepall,MM - aHanora

-..;===-='=

r==

4. OpocMarpWTe M pacne-taraATe c04epJKaHMe onepa11woHttOA tc.aprbl .. attanora

5. BBCAKTe o6o3Ha'fettue AeTanw.. c6. ea

I~--------.,,-..~o=dl

BBe.AMTe HOMep onepat.tMM Anst HOBOl'"O M3Ael1Mli1

7. BBe.AMTe ttawMeHOeattwe c6.

OpocMOTP

eAMHMQ.bl

ne'laTb OK

attanora

~Microsoft Word路 Onwca1M. Jl~Microsoll Accett 路 (n...

Puc. 16.16. )J;ua.noroaru1 <t>opMa npoeKrnpo:saHIDI OK no aHa.noraM

273

TeXHonorIDI BB0,11,a ,11,aHHhIX np11 HH,11,HBH.UYaJihHOM npoeKT11poBaHHH

attanorwcHa MeT0,11,HKe C03,11,aHIDI 6a3bI ,11,aHHhIX, H3JIO:>KeH-

HO:i1 B II0,11,pa3)1,.

16.2.

Ilp11 npoeKTHpoBaHHH

OK HOBoro 113,11,eJIIDI npHHHMaeTCji

attanor,

BhI6paHHhIM np11 npoeKT11poBaH1111 MK. IIocne,11,0BaTeJibHOCTb npoeKTHpoBaHIDI

no attanoraM noKa3aHa B <t>opMe, OTKpbrnaiome:Ucjl

IIPH BbI6ope ,11,aHHOfO MeT0,11,a npoeKTHPOBaHIDI (pHC.

16.16).

Mb1 paccMoTpeJIH B03MO)KHOCTb pa3pa60TKH CAilP-TII c np11MeHeH11eM CYE,ll Access. IIpHBe,11,eHHbie np11Mepb1 IIOKa3bIBaIOT, 'ITO 3HaHHe COBpeMeHHOfO IIPHKJia)l;HOfO nporpaMMHOfO o6ecne'IeHIDI II03BOAAeT C03)1,aBaTb aHaJIOfH'IHbie BblCOK03<l><PeKTHBHbie CHCTeMbl c MHHHMaJibHbIMH 3aTpaTaMH )],AA IIPOH3B0,11,CTBa. KoHTpOilbHble eonpoCbl

1. KaKHe nporpaMMHbie npO;zyKTbI MO)J(JIO np11MeIDITb MH paJpa6oTKH CATIP TeXHonorWiecKHX npoueccoB, KaKHM 113 ttmc Bbl 0T.n;a,n11Te npe.n;noqTett11e H no KaKHM npWIHHaM? 2. qeM OTJIHqaeTCH HH.n;HBH,DyaJibHblH MeTO,ll; aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOfO npoeKTHPOBaHHH TeXHOJIOrWieCKHX npoueccoB OT npoeKTHpOBaHHH no aHaJIOraM? 3. KaKOH COCTaB 6a3 .n;aHHbIX Heo6xo.n;HM MH HH.n;HBH,DyaJibHOfO npoeKTHpoBaHHH Texttonor11qecKHx npoueccoB? 4. KaKoM: cocrnB 6a3 .n;aHHbIX tteo6xo.n;11M MH npoeKT11poBaHHH TeXHOJIOr11qecKHX npoueccoB no attaJioraM?

4ACTb V

KOMMYHl1KALU10HHblE nPOrPAMMHblE Cl1CTEMbl

rnasa 17 nPMMEHEHlllE INTERNET B nPOlll3BO,QCTBEHH0&71 ,QEflTEnbHOCTlll

17.1.

HeMHOro MCTOPMM

KoMMy1n1Kau;1rnHHb1e rrporpaMMHbie cJ1cTeMbI rrpe,IJ;Ha3HaqeHbI )1)UI yrrpaBJiemui: pa6oToM: arrrrapaTHhIX cpe,IJ;CTB B rrpou;eccax o6Metta J1H<PopMau;J1eM: Me)l()JJ' y,IJ;a.rreHHhIMJI KOMIIhIOTepaMJI. PaccMOTpJIM rrporpaMMHhie rrpO,IJ;yKThl, KOTOpbie cocTaBmi:IOT octtoBy Internet-TeXHonornif, T.e. MeTo,IJ;oB JI cpe,IJ;CTB o6pa6oTKH J1H<l>opMau;1111 B cern Internet. Internet - 3To rno6a.rrbHaH KOMMYHJ1KaU:J10HHaH CJICTeMa, CBH3hIBaIOIU:aH B e,IJ;JIHOe JIH<l>opMaU:JIOHHOe KJ16epHeTJ1qeCKOe rrpocTpaHCTBO KOMIIbIOTepbl IIOJib30BaTeJieM: BO BCeM MJlpe. Ha cero,IJ;HH Internet HBJIHeTCH caMOH 6hICTpOH JI ,IJ;eIIIeBOH CJICTeMOH o6MeHa JIH<l>OpMau;JleH Me)K)ly IIOJib30BaTeIDIMJI. AinopaMJI rrpoo6pa3a coBpeMeHttoM: ceTJI Internet HBIDIIOTCH coTpY,IJ;HHKH MJ1HHCTepcrna o6opOHhI CIIIA, KOTOpbie B ttaqa.rre 70-x rr. B. peIIIJIJIH rrpo6JieMY o6ecrreqeHHH YCTOHqHBOH, IIOMeX03aiu;Hiu:eHHOH CBH3H Me)l()JJ' KOMIIbIOTepaMH, HaxOMiu;HMJICH B pa3JIJlqHbIX IIITaTax AMepMKH. B ,IJ;aJihtteM:rneM, B paMKax rrpoeKTa Internetting Projekt, 6bma pernetta eiu:e O,IJ;Ha <l>YH,IJ;aMeHTaJihHaH rrpo611eMa KOMIIhIOTepHbIX HH<t>opMaU:HOHHbIX TeXHOJIOfHH - o6ecrreqeHHe rrepe,IJ;aqn ,IJ;aHHbIX Me)l()JJ' KOMIIbIOTepaMH c Pa3JIJlqHOH CTpYKTYPOH H orrepaU:JIOHHbIMH CHCTeMaMH. B Haqa.rre 90-x rr. XX B. B lllBeM:u;apnn coTpy,IJ;HHKaMH EBporre:HcKo:H 11a6opaTopMM 3JieMeHTapHbIX qacTJIU: 6hma pa3pa6oTaHa HOBaH rrporpaMMHaH CHCTeMa, o6ecrreqnBaIOiu;aH IIOJib30BaTeJIIO pa60TY B ceTH Internet Jl3 O,IJ;HOH e,IJ;HHCTBeHHoM: rroJih30BaTeJihCKOH 06011oqKH. 3rn rrporpaMMHaH cncTeMa rro11yq11Jia Ha3Battne World Wide Web (WWW) - BCeMMpHaH IIaYTHHa. IloHBJieHHe rno6aJibHOfO KJ16epHeTJ1qeCKOfO rrpocTpaHCTBa Bbl3BaJIO MHOfO ,!J;HCKYCCHH 0 B03MO)l{HOCTHX, KOTOpbie OTKpbIBaeT Internet )1)UI U:HBJIJIH3aU:HH. HeK0Topb1e cqJ1Ta10T, qTo B CBH3H c MaccOBhIM HCIIOJib30BaHHeM Internet rrpOM30ii)J;eT OTMMpaHHe TeJieBH,!J;eHHH, rrpecCbl H rrpoqnx Tp8,!1.HU:HOHHhIX cpe,IJ;CTB MaccoBo:H ntt<PopMau;nn. Mttor-

275

,11,a 3TO HaIIOMHHaeT IIOJieMHK)', KOTOpa.SI pa.3BOpaqHBaJiaCb BOKpyr B03MO)l(HOCTe:H: TeJieBH,11,eHIDI, a 3aTeM KOMIIbIOTepoB B Hayx:e, o6pa.30BaHHH, HCK)'CCTBe, npOMbIIIDieHHOCTH H npoq:ux o6JiacnIX ,11,eSITeJibHOCTH qeJIOBeKa. B KOHu;e

80-x IT. xx B.

B rre,11,aroIWieCKHX By3ax BCepbe3 pa.3pa6aTbI-

BaJIHCb rrpoeKTbI 3aMeHbI yqe6HHKOB KOMIIbIOTepHbIMH rrporpaMMaMH. YBbI, HlfqefO CYllleCTBeHHOro BHe,11,peHO He 6bmo.

npHqlfHbI He B

TOM, qTo KOMIIbIOTep He CTOIDI Ha KIDK,11,0H rrapTe. Cej;f:qac BO MHOrHX ceMbHX HMeIOTCH KOMIIhIOTepbI. Bee 6oJibIIIe Ha phrnKe rrporpaMMHhIX rrpo,11,yKTOB rrosi:BJIHeTCH MYJibTHMe,11,HHHhIX rrporpaMM. EcTu JaMeqareJibHhie KOMilbIOTepHbie 3HU:HKJIOile,11,HH, HO KHHrH OCTaIOTCH KHHraMH, a yqe6HHKH Bcer,11,a 6y,11,yT yqe6HHKaMH, H HM B o6o3pHMOM 6y,11,YllleM Hlfqero He rpo311T. Borrpoc 3aKJ110qaeTCH B TOM, KaK 3$<l>eKTl1BHO 11cIIOJib30BaTh B03MO)l(HOCTb onepaTl1BHOH rrepe,11,aq11 11 rronyqeHIDI HH<t>opMau;11H B o6pa.30BaHHH. ,lJ,aBHO TaIOKe H,11,yT ,11,HCK)'cc1111 o poJIH 11 MecTe Internet B 6tt3Hece. Ha p11Top11qecKH:H: Borrpoc: «qTO MOXeT ,11,aTb Internet 6H3Hecy?», MO)l(HO OTBeTHTb aHaJIOrlfqHbIM BOIIPOCOM: «A qTo ,11,aeT TeJieBH,11,eH11e, pa,11,110, TeJie<t>oH, <t>aKC, raJeTbI 11 ,11,pyr11e cpe,11,CTBa MaCCOBOH 11H<t>opMau;1111 (CM.11) ,11,eJIOBOMY qeJioBeK)'?». OrneT oqeBH,11,eH: Internet 3TO crroco6 orrepaTHBHoro rronyqeHIDI 11 rrepe,11,aqH ,11,eJioBo:H: 11H<t>opMau;11H.

17.2. 0611acn1 a<t><t>eKTlllBHoro np111MeHeH111R lnternet-TexH011or111M Ha Halli B3rJIH,11, CYllleCTBYIOT CJie,11,yIOII.J;He OCHOBHbie o6JiaCTl1 3$<t>eKTl1BHOfO 11cnoJib30BaHID1 Internet B npaKTlfqeCKo:H: ,11,eHTeJibHOCT11: • orrepaTl1BHa.SI rry6JIHKaU:11H l1H$opMau;110HHbIX MaTepHaJIOB; • orrepaTl1BHbIH IIOl1CK He06X0,11,liMbIX 11H$opMaI.J;HOHHbIX MaTepHaJIOB; • onepaTHBHa.SI CBH3b c IIOTPe6HTeJieM HH$OpMaU:H11. Internet B IIOJIHOH Mepe HCIIOJib3YeT OCHOBHOe rrpe11MYllleCTBO coBpeMeHHbIX HH$OpMau;110HHbIX TeXHOJIOr11:H: -

BbICOKYIO orrepaTHB-

HOCTb rrp11eMa H rrepe,11,aqlf JII06oro BH,11,a l1H$OpMau;11H: TeKCTa, rpa<l>HKH, BH,11,eOMaTepHaJIOB, 3B)'Ka ( CrryTHl1KOBa.SI CBH3b, KOMIIbIOTepHhie CHCTeMbI). Ilp11 3TOM 3aTPaTbI Ha rrepe,11,aqy e,11,HHHU:bI 11H<l>OpMaU:HH IIOCTOHHHO CHl.f)l(aIOTCH. Internet B cpaBHeH1111 c ,11,pyrHMl1 cpe,11,CTBaM11 MaccoBo:H: HH$opMau;1111 HBJieH11e YHHKaJibHOe, TaK KaK o6Jia,11,aeT BbICOKOH TeXHOJIOI'JfqHOCTbIO, T. e. ero MOryT 11CIIOJib30BaTh JII06a.si: <l>ttpMa H JII06o:H: qeJIOBeK. IlpH HCIIOJib30BaHHH Internet maBHoe rrpaBHJihHO BbI6paTb rrpHopHTeTbI H u;eJIH. Internet, KaK H JI106oe ,11,pyroe CM.11, HMeeT CBOIO TeXHOJIOrHIO rrp0,11,Blf)l(eHIDI HH$OpMaU:HH K KOHeqHOMY IIOTPe6HTeJIIO.

276

06o6I.IJ,aH HeKOTOpbie ny6JIHKaI..J;IIH H co6CTBeHHbIM OilbIT' aBTOpbI Moryr YTBep)l{)l;aTb, qTo HCITOJib30BaHHe B03MO)IQ{OCTeii: Internet B npoH3BO.ll;CTBeHHOM .ll;eHTeJibHOCTH mo6oii: qmpMbl rapaHTHpyeT 6bICTPYIO OKYflaeMOCTb 3aTpaT 3a cqeT IIOBbIIIIeHHH 3$$eKTHBHOCTH MeHe)J.)KMeHTa, MapKeTHHra, CHa6)1(eHHH H c6bITa, HCCJie.ll;OBaTeJibCKOM .ll;eHTeJibHOCTH. KpaTKO paccMOTPHM 3TH c<t>ephI npHMeHeHHH Internet.

Internet H Mene.IJ)KMeHT.

KaK H3BeCTHO, MeHe)J.)KMeHT -

3TO cHcTe-

Ma ynpaBJieHHH npe.ll;IIpHHTHeM, BKmoqaIOI.IJ,aH B ce6H CJie.ll;YIOI.IJ,He ocHOBHbie KOMIIOHeHTbI: ITJiaHHpOBaHHe, TeXHWieCKOe PYKOBO.ll;CTBO, opraHH3aI..J;HIO ynpaBJieHHH TeXHJlqeCKHMH CJIY)l(6aMH, pa6ozy c Ka,r:i:paMH. Bee cocTaBJIHIOI.IJ,He MeHe)J.)KMeHTa HBJIHIOTCH CHCTeMaMH npHHHTHH peIIIeHHM, a CJie)l;OBaTeJibHO, .ll;OJI)l(Hbl o6ecneqHBaTh onepaTHBHOe rronyqeHHe .ll;OCTOBepHOM HH$opMaI..J;HH H orrepaTHBHyio nepe.ll;aqy npHHHThIX peIIIeHHM cneI..J;HaJIHCTaM pa3JIHqHhIX CJiy)l(6 <l>HPMhl.

,n;rn <l>HPMhl,

HMeIOI.IJ,eii: napTHepoB HJIH CBOH rrpe.ll;CTaBHTeJibCTBa

B paJJIHqHhIX pernoHax, 3$$eKTHBHOCTh Internet oqeBH.ll;Ha. CJiy)l(aI.IJ,He, HaxO.ll;HI.IJ,HeCH B KOMaH.ll;HpOBKax, HMeIOI.IJ,He rrpH ce6e rropTaTHBHblM KOMIIhIOTep, nonyqaIOT qepe3 Internet Ha,Ll;e)IQ{YIO, .ll;eIIIeByio H onepaTHBHyio CBH3h c npe.ll;npHHTHeM. Bo3MO)IQ{OCTh 6hICTPOro H Ha,Ll;e)IQ{oro rronyqeHHH Heo6xo.ll;HMoii: HH<popMaumi: B 6bICTPO MeHHIOI.IJ,eMCH CHzyaI..J;HH -

3aJIOf ycrrexa py-

KOBO.ll;HTeJIH JII06oro paHra. IlpH no)l;6ope crreI..J;HaJIHCTOB n106oe rrpe.ll;npHHTHe MO)l(eT o6paTHTbCH qepe3 Internet K 6aHKaM npo<t>eccHOHaJihHhIX pe3IOMe, C03.ll;aBaeMhIX paJJIHqHhIMH <l>HpMaMH. TaK, B cBoe BpeMH 6hm pa3pa6oTaH caii:T «IlepBhIM BcepoccHii:cKHii: EaHK .ll:aHHbIX Ilpo<t>eccHOHaJibHhIX Pe3IOMe» (http://www.resume.ru) c 6aHKOM .ll;aHHhIX, co.ll;ep)l(aI.IJ.HM HH<t>opMaI..J;HIO 0 COHCKaTeJIHX-cneI..J;HaJIHCTax, KOTOPYIO MOfJIH HCIIOJib30BaTb Ka,r:i:pOBhie CJIY)l(6h1 3aHHTepecoBaHHbIX <l>HpM. Ha pHc.

17 .1 npe.!1;-

CTaBJieHhI <t>parMeHThI CTPaHHU 3Toro caii:Ta B Internet. H0Beii:111He HH$opMaI..J;HOHHhie TeXHOJIOfHH HBJIHIOTCH coI03HHKaMH He TOJihKO rrpOH3BO.ll;CTBa H 6H3Heca, HO H Ka)l{)l;Oro TBopqecKOfO qeJioBeKa, T. e. Internet co cBoeii: BcerrpoHHKa10rn.eii: MOI.IJ.hIO HBJIHeTcH TeM HHCTPYMeHTOM, KOTOPhIM B YMeJihIX PYKaX MO)l(eT peIIIHTh MHOrHe npo6neMbI.

Internet H MapKeTHHr.

H3BeCTHO, qTo ocHoBoii: MapKeTHHra HBJIH-

eTcH peKJiaMa npo.ll;YKUHH, a ceTh Internet CJiy)l(HT MOI.IJ.HhIM rroMOI.IJ.HHKOM .ll;JIH crreI..J;HaJIHCTOB no MapKeTHHry .

.I1:JIH nonyqeHHH MaKCHMaJibHOro 3$$eKTa OT HCIIOJih30BaHHH ceTH Internet Heo6xo.ll;HMO, KaK MHHHMYM, 3HaTh KOMIThIOTepHhie TeXHoJiorHH, cHcTeMHhIM aHaJIH3 H o6na,r:i:aTh peKJiaMHhIM MacrepcTBOM. Ho HH$opMaI..J;HH, pa3MeI.IJ,eHHaH B ceTH Internet, 6y.ll;eT «MepTBa», ecJIH He npe.ll;npHHHMaTb HHKaKHX .ll;eMCTBHM ITO ee npO.ll;BH)l(eHHIO K IIOTeHI..J;HaJihHOMY noTPe6HTeJIIO. qacTo npoBa~ephI, CHH)l(aH ueHhI 3a xpaHeHHe HH$OpMaI..J;HH H He npe.ll;OCTaBJIHH HHKaKHX .ll;OilOJIHHTeJibHhIX

277

fllpBblil 6c£DOCC1'1il(:U11i MHK NHHblX

WWW.RESUME.RU llPO<l>lCCIAOHAAbHblX f>E3IOME

!;tin!IC.. jWMicrosoft Word· INTERN.

ll!!J nepablil Bcepoccwk .. a

B1>16ep1ne iq>HT!lJ>HH, 1<0Top1>1M .z1011l!<eH y.z1os11emop!l'Th nouc1< Ec11u Bhl XOTHTe npocMoTpeTh .ace 3aRBl<H, TO npoCTo Hall<MHTe "Go . •

11 Tpe6yeMaJ! pa6oTa co.z1epll<HT · Ilo npo~eccHH ·

I) Ilo 3HaHIUO HHOCTpaHHOro $13hl!<a;

r MecTO pa6oThl CO,!lepll<HT: fJ :I'pe6yeMaJ! 3apnlaTa He npeeh!UlaeT: i IlpocM.a-rpHBaib 3a.RBKH . KoJIH"iecmo 3annceli Ha CTpaHHI\e:

j.bibliograph jA"'"""CK""

l ~IB-ce _ _ _ _ _....,,

j20

2J '4r>

R 6 Pttc. 17.L OKHa Internet Explorer c TH'fYJibHbIM JIHCTOM (a) H CO.!lep:lKaHHeM (6) .!lOK}'MeHTa WWW.Resume.TU.

278

1s:19

yc.rryr no ee npo;:i:BIDKeHHIO, ry6HT pe3yJihTaThl HmpopMallHOHHOH TeXHOJIOfHH.

c.rryqae npocToro pa3Me111eHHH HHcpopMallHH Ha cepBepe

npoBali;:i:epa, T. e. ecJIH He npoBe;:i:eHa pa6oTa no pa3MeIIIeHHIO a;:i:peca B nOHCKOBbie MaIIIHHhl, opraHH3allHH B3aHMHhIX CChillOK c ;:i:pyrHx pecypcoB H ;:i:pyrHe aKTHBHhie ;:i:eHCTBHH no ee npo;:i:BIDKeHHIO B ceTH, O)l(H)l;aeMhIH pe3yJihTaT no.rryqHTh HeJib3H. qT06h1 Internet CTaJI Jl:JlH KOHKpeTHOH opraHH3allHH cpe;:i:crnoM MaCCOBOH HHcpopMa1IHH, Heo6xo;:i:HMO npoBeCTH cepbe3HyIO npocpecCHOHaJihHyIO pa60TY c yqacTHeM cne11HaJIHCTOB, B COBeprneHCTBe BJia;:i:eIOIIIHX MeTO,ll;aMH H cpe;:i:cTBaMH COBpeMeHHhIX HHcpopMa1IHOHHhIX TeXHoJiornli. CJie;:i:yeT TaIOKe HMeTh B BHJl:Y, qTO cepbe3HhIH HHcpopMallHOHHhIH MapKeTHHf B ceTH, OT KOToporo MO)l(JIO O)l(H)l;aTb )l(eJiaeMhIH pe3yJihTaT, 3aHHMaeT HeCKOJihKO MeCHI1eB, qTo no;:i:TBep)l(Jl:aeTCH H npaKTHKOH H TeOpHeli peKJiaMHOH ;:i:eHTeJihHOCTH, TaK KaK H3 ThICJlqff 06pa111eHHH K HHcpopMa1IHH, pa3Me111eHHOH Ha cTpaHHllax npHMepHO TOJihKO

1 % npHBO,ll;HT

CMM,

K 3aKJIIOqeHHIO c;:i:eJIKH. 3To OTHO-

CHTCH H K Internet. PaccMaTpHBaH Internet KaK cpe;:i:y Jl:JlH npoBe;:i:eHHH peKJiaMHOH KOMnaHHH cpHpMhl CJie;:i:yeT HMeTb B BH;:i:y, qTO 3;:i:ecb npH npocpeccHOHaJihHO npoBe;:i:eHHOH MapKeTHHfOBOH pa6oTe COOTHOIIIeHHe OT;:i:aqH H 3aTpaT caMoe BhirO;:i:Hoe no cpaBHeHHIO c ;:i:pyrHMH

CMM.

PacchmKa HHcpopMallHH o npOJl:YKIIHH H yc.rryrax no 3JieKTpOHHOH noqTe noTeHI1HaJihHhIM H peaJihHhIM 3aKa3qHKaM HaMHOfO ;:i:erneBJie, qeM cpaKCOBhie, TeJiecpoHHhie H ;:i:pyrHe cnoco6hI nepe;:i:aqH HHcpopMallHH. O;:i:HaKo 3KOHOMHH cpe;:i:cTB HBJI.s.IeTcH He e;:i:HHCTBeHHOH npffqHHoli, no KOTOpoli 3TOT BH;:i: CBJl3H 3aBOeBbIBaeT npH3HaHHe y ;:i:eJIOBhIX JIIO,ll;eH. OcHOBHOe npeHMYIIIeCTBO 3JieKTpOHHOH noqThl COCTOHT B TOM, qTO OHa 3cpcpeKTHBHeH Bcex ;:i:pyrHX cpe;:i:cTB CBH3H, TaK KaK 3HaqHTeJihHO nOBhIIIIaeT npOH3BO,ll;HTeJibHOCTh Tpy;:i:a B npo11eccax npHHHTHH perneHHH. TaK, ttanpHMep, ;:i:ocTaBKa HHcpopMallHH KJIHeHTaM H nonyqeHHe HHcpopMallHH OT HHX 3aHHMaeT cqHTaHHbie MHttyThI, B KaKOH 6bI qaCTH CBeTa OHH HH HaXO,ll;HJIHCh. Heo6xo;:i:HMO TaIOKe OTMeTHTh npocTOTY H 3KOHOMffqHOCTh npHJIO)l(eHHJI Internet Mail Jl:JlH pa3pa6oTKH H pacchIJIKH coo6111eHHli no 3JieKTpoHHOH noqTe B cpe;:i:e Windows. EcJIH BhI )')Ke OCBOHJIH pa6oTY c TeKCTOBhIM pe;:i:aKTOpOM Word, TO pa6oTa c 3TOH nporpaMMOH He COCTaBHT Jl:JlH Bae oco6hIX npo6JieM. Ha pHC.

17.2 noKa3aHO

OCHOBHOe pa6oqee OKHO 3TOH nporpaMMhI.

E111e o;:i:Ho Ba)l(HOe ;:i:ocTOHHCTBO 3JieKTPOHHOH noqThI CBH3aHo c oco6eHHOCTHMH coBpeMeHHoro Jl:OKYMemoo6opoTa. Coo6111eHHe, ;:i:ocTaBJieHHoe no 3JieKTpOHHOH noqTe, 6e3 npo6JieM MO)l(JIO BCTaBHTh B JII06oii Jl:OKYMeHT, no;:i:roToBJieHHhIB B Word, Excel, Access H ;:i:pyrHX npHJIO)l(eHH.s.IX Windows. CJie;:i:yeT TaIOKe OTMeTHTh npoCTOTY yqeTa oTnpaBJieHHOH HHcpopMallHH.

pacxo;:i:ax Ha Tpa,ll;HllHOHHyIO noqTOByIO nepenHCKY HJIH Te-

279

2"'"1 [jpasKa

~>l<l

Coo~OHMe

0TBeTWTb OCOM

nepecllaTb

.QoCTaBMTb

no'<Ty

Or: Fufaev DE

D Fufaev <Pyq>aeo3.B. D Fufaev @<Pyq,aeo3.B.

Fulaev D E KoMg: ccnle@olvo.ru

Hoaas:i nolfTa

TeMa: nepeCblnKa: OCR program

npoeKrTJ

-----1'1CXOAHOe C006U1eHHe----Or: Tatiana Dergunova <TanyaDo@bitsoft ru> Kouy: 'ccnt@olvit.ru' <ccnt@olvit.ru> Uara: 2 ,lleKa6pR 1997 r 0:03 Teua: OCR program

Oreer:

ni:oeKT T3

f)} Fufaev D E

Oresr.

~Fufaev DE

nepecb1J111.a: OCR progJam

Fufaev DE

nepecbtnt a OCR prog1am

~,--.--.--.--.-,--,..-.=~~~~..!J

>YBa>KaeMblH /:lMHTpHH 3AyapAOBH"I > >Mb1 paAbl. "To 8b1 HHTepecyerecb nporpaMMHblMH npoAyKTaMH Haweii .P•PMbl. OCR >nporpaMMa Haweii ljlHpMbl FineReader pacn03Haer pyccKHe, HeMe4K•e. >aHrnHHCKHe " ljlpaHL\Y3CKHe TBKCTbl. Mbl MO>KBM nocoserosarb BaM o6paTHTbCR B >KOMnaHHIO Sumitomo Electric . KorooaR

Coo6iueHwi:i: 8

;:ii n~cs. TW Mic1osofl Word - INTERN .

npocMOTP P"OIOMO

• Mic<.

"~Internet Mail

I Iii~ 1702

P11c. 17.2. OKHo nporpaMMhI Internet Mail Jie<t>oHHbie neperOBOpbl MOJKHO CY.LlHTb TOJibKO no no.rryqeHHbIM C'leTaM Ja 3TH ycJiym. IIpHMeHeHHe )Ke nporpaMM THna Internet Mail II03BOJUleT rro.rryqaTb CBe,lleHHH 0 rrepe,llaHHOH }IH<t>opMaUHH c TO'IHOCTbIO .LlO 0.LlHOfO 6a:HTa H aHaJIH3HPOBaTb HHTeHCHBHOCTb HCTIOJib30BaHHH 3JieICTpOHHOM IIO'ITbl IIO .LlHHM H qacaM, 'ITO 3Ha'IHTeJibHO yrrpomaeT pac'leTbI Me)l{.Lly a6oHeHTaMH. ITO.LlBO.LlH HTOrH, CKa)l{eM, 'ITO 3JieKTpoHHaH IIO'ITa o6ecrre'IHBaeT: • 3<l><t>eKTHBHOCTb nepe,lla'IH H TIOJiyqeHHH HH<t>opMaumt:; • COKpameHHe BpeMeHH Ha npHHHTHe peweHHH B yrrpaBJieH'leCKOM ,lleHTeJibHOCTH; • B03MOlKHOCTb orrepaTHBHOM 0.LlHOBpeMeHHOH CBH3H c 60JiblIIHM 'IHCJIOM a6otteHTOB. Internet B MapKeTHHre CTaJI oco6euuo 3<l><l>eKTHBeH c IIOHBJieHHeM B 1992 r. cHcTeMbI World Wide Web (WWW - BCeMHptto:H naYTHHbI), rrporpaMMHOe o6ecrre'leHHe KOTOpo:H ,llaeT B03MOlKHOCTb 6blCTpO HCKaTb H rrpocMaTpHBaTb JII06yIO HH<i>OpMaumo. Internet a acCJie,lloBaTeJlhCKOii )J,eB'rellltHOCTH. CeTb Internet paJpa6aTblBaJiacb KaK cpe,llCTBO o6meHHH Me)l{.Lly paJJIH'IHblMH opraHH3aUHHMH, H B HaCTOHIIJee BpeMH OHa BTIOJIHe COOTBeTCTByeT 3TOMY HaJHa'leHHIO, TaK KaK paJJIH'IHbie <l>HPMbl rrpe,llCTaB.JIHIOT Ha ee CTpaHHUax pe3YJibTaTbl ,lleHTeJibHOCTH B caMbIX paJJIH'IHbIX o6JiaCTHX HaYKH H TeXH.HKH. Ha aHaJIHJe 3TOM HH<l>opMaUHH ocHOBbIBaeTcH ,lleHTeJibHOCTb mo6oro cneUHaJIHCTa, HCCJie,llOBaTeIDI H pa3pa60T'IHKa HOBOH TeXHHKH.

280

OpraeH3alJ,HJI pa60TJ.1 c Internet. ,[(ml

ITPMIDITIDI perneHIDI o aHe-

)1.peHMM Internet Ha ITpe)J.ITpIDITMM Heo6xo)J.MMO ycTaHOaMTh:

1. 2.

CTOMT JIM TPaTMTh )J.eHhrH Ha aceMMPlfYIO ITaYTMHY? KaK o6ecITeqMTb 3$$eKTMattyIO pa60TY ITO)J.pa3)1,eJieHMM, ITO)J,-

KJIIOqeHHbIX K ceTM?

,[(ml

perneHIDI ITepaoii: ITp06JieMbl He06XO)J,MMO )J,aTb OTaeT Ha CJie-

,IJYK>I.U;Me aoITpOCbl.

IlO)J.KJIIOqeHbl JIM K ceTM cefO)J,IDIIIIHMe HJIM ITOTeHUMaJibHbie 3a-

Ka3qMKH $MpMbI? EcJIM ITO)J.KmoqeHhI, oqeaH)J.HO, 3TO Heo6xo)J.MMO C)J,eJiaTb M aarneii: <l>MpMe. 2. B KaKoM pemoHe HaXO.UHTCR KJIMeHThI $MpMbI? EcJIM MX MecToHaxo:>K.UeHMe Ja ITpe)J.eJiaMM ropo)J.a, r)J,e pacITOJIO)l{eHa <l>MpMa, ITO)J.KJIIOqMaIIIMCh K ceTM, MO)l{HO 3HaqMTeJibHO C3KOHOMMTb Ha Me)l{)J.yfOpO)J.HHX TeJie$OHHbIX coo6rueHIDIX.

Bbl yqacrnyeTe a Me)l{)J,yttapO)J.HbIX abICTaaKax M CMMIT03ffYMax?

EcJIM yqacTayeTe, TO ITpe)J.cTaBJIRTh caoIO ITPO.l1.YKUMIO Ha CTPaHMUax ceTM 6y)J.eT HaMHOfO )J,eIIIeBJie, qeM M3fOTaBJIRTb HaTYPHbie o6pa3Ubl HJIM COTHM ITPOCITeKToa, OTITeqaTaHHbIX THITOrpa$CKHM CITOC060M. Ilp}lqeM KaqecTao KOMITbIOTepHbIX aepCMM ITPOCITeKToa M )J.pyroii: peKJiaMHOM MH<l>opMaUMM MO)l{eT 6hITh 3HaqMTeJibHO ab1rne. TaK KaK K ceTM Internet ITO)J.KJIIOqeHbI MHOrMe TeXH}lqeCKHe $MpMhI a PoccMM M 3a py6e)l{OM, aepORTHOCTb HaxO)l{)J,eHIDI 3aKaJqMKOa <l>MPMOM, ablITycKaIOrueii: TeXHMqecKYIQ ITpO)J.yKUMIO M OKa3bIBaIOrueii: COOTaeTCTaYIOIUMe ycnyrM, )J,OCTaTOqHO abICOKa, oco6eHHO )J,JIR M3)1,eJIMM, M3fOTOaJIReMhIX He60JibllIMMM cepIDIMM.

Ilo)J.KJIIOqeHhI JIM K ceTM aarnM KOHKYPeHTbI?

Kor)J,a Ha ace ITOCTaBJieHHbie aoITpOCbl OTaeTbl ITOJiyqeHbl, Heo6xo)J,MMO OITpe)J,eJIMTh, CKOJibKO 3TO 6y)J.eT CTOMTb. IlOITbITaeMCR ITpMaeCTM HeKOTOpbie <t>aKTOPhI, IT03aOJIRIOIUMe oueHMTb 3aTPaThI Ha ITO)J.KJIIOqeHMe M pa6oTY c Internet. Bo-ITepabIX, Ha)J,o OITpe)J.eJIMTh, CKOJihKO COTPY.l1.HMKoa 6y)J.eT ITOJib30aaTbCR CeTblO. Jlyqrne orpaHJlqMTb Kpyr JIMU MR pa60Tbl c Internet, TaK KaK )J.JIR Ka)l{)J.oro COTPY.l1.HMKa Heo6xo)J.MMO ITpMo6pecTM OT)J,eJibHbie KOITMM ITporpaMM-KJIMeHTOa M Ka)l{)J,OfO COTPY.l1.HMKa o6yqMTb pa6oTe a ceTM. Bo-aTopbIX, TPe6yeTCR oITpe)J.eJIMTh, KaKoii: TMIT KOMIIhIOTepa M aITITapaTHhIX cpe)J.cTa ITpe)J.ITOJiaraeTcR MCITOJih30aaTb. KaK ITOKa3bIBaeT ITpaKTMKa, qeM abIIIIe HX xapaKTepMCTMKH, TeM 3$$eKTMaHee 6y~eT pa6oTa a ceTM. B-TPeTbMX, Heo6XO)J,MMO HaMTM ITpoaaii:)J,epa He CTOJibKO ITO CTOMMOCTM ycnyr, CKOJibKO ITO KaqecTay CaR3M c Internet. IlpMIDITb OKOffqaTeJibHOe perneHMe MO)l{HO JIMIIIb ITOCJie Toro, KaK 6y)J.yT ITonyqeHhI oTaeThI Ha ace ITepeqMcJieHHhie aoITpOChI M oueHeHa CTOMMOCTb O)l{H)J,aeMbIX 3aTPaT Ha opraHM3aUMIO pa60Tbl a ceTM.

KaK o6ecne'llITb :icJlcJleKTHBJIYIO pa60TY no.ZJ;p~eJieHHii, no,ZJ;KJII011eeHMX K CeTII. 0)1.HMM M3 rnaaHhIX He)J.OCTaTKoa ceTH Internet RBJIReT-

281

CH He3a:rn;m:ueHHOCTh OT KOHK)'peHTOB nepe,r:i;aBaeMOM KOH<l>M,lJ.eHUH-

a.JlhHOM HH$OpMaUHH. qT06hI CBeCTH K MHHHMYMY BepOHTHOCTh yreqKH KOH<l>M)J.eHUHa.JlhHOM HH<l>opMaUHH, Heo6xo,r:i;HMO T:W:aTeJihHO npo.r:i;YMaTh noJIHTHKY npHMeHeHHH ceTH Internet B ,r:i;eHTeJihHOCTH CJI)')K6 H pa3pa60TaTh qeTKHM nepeqeHh npaBHJI AJIH ee npMMeHeHHH. Oco6eHHO 3TO OTHOCHTCH K HCnOJih30BaHHIO 3JieKTpOHHOM noqThl. IlpaBHJia HcnoJih30BaHHH 3JieKTpOHHOM noqThI H ceTH Internet .r:i;on)l(Hhl CTaTh HeOTbeMJieMOM qacThIO AOK}'MeHTaUHH $HpMhl, o6H3aTeJibHOM K HCnOJIHeHHIO BCeMH COTpYAHHKaMH. IlpM pa3pa60TKe TaKHX npaBHJI Heo6xo,r:i;HMO PYKOBOACTBOBaThCH cne.r:i;yIO:rn;HMH <PaKTopaMH. 1. 3neKTpOHHaH noqTa He HBJIHeTCH 6e3onacHOM. Il03TOMY cne.r:i;yeT qeTKO ycTaHOBHTh xapaKTep HH$OpMaUHH, He noAJiexa:w;e:H K nepe,r:i;aqe ,r:i;aHHhIM MeTO,ll;OM CBH3H.

2. Co.r:i;epxaHHe HH<l>opMaUHH, nepe,r:i;aBaeMo:H no 3JieKTPOHHo:H noqTe, ,ll;OJl)l(HO o6H3aTeJihHO KOHTpOJIHPOBaThCH a,ll;MHHHCTpaTOpOM ceTH, o qeM ,ll;OJl)l(HhI 6hITh YBe.n:oMJieHhI coTpy,n;HHKH. 3. lifcnoJih30BaHHe nepe,n;aBaeMhIX 3JieKTpOHHhIX coo6:rn;eHHM ,r:i;oJl)l(HO npOH3BO,IJ;HThCH TOJlhKO c pa3perneHHH aBTOpa coo6:rn;eHHH, T.e. ecJIH KaKoe-Jrn6o OTnpaBJieHHOe coo6:rn;eHHe KTO-JIH6o H3 COTpYJJ:HHKOB noxenaeT OTnpaBHTh B ,n;pyro:H a.r:i;pec, CKOnHpOBaTb HJIH orry6JIHKOBaTb, 3TO Heo6xo,r:i;HMO cornacoBaTb c aBTOpOM OTnpaBJieHHH JIH6o c PYKOBO,IJ;CTBOM <l>HPMhl. 4. ,[t;OCTYIT K pecypcaM Internet H 3JieKTpOHHOM noqTe JJ:OJl)l(eH 6hITh npe,n;ocTaBJieH orpaHH:qeHHOMY Kpyry cneUHa.JIHCTOB. Ilocne pa3pa6oTKH Bcex opraHM3a.u;HOHHhIX MeponpHHTH:H, BKJIIOqaH o6H3aTeJibffYIO pa3pa60TKY COOTBeTCTBYJO:W:HX ,ll;OJl)l(HOCTHhIX HHCTpYKUHM, Tpe6yeTCH o6yqHTh nepcoHarr pa60Te c Internet-TeXHOJIOrHHMH. TexHonorHH pa6oThI B ceT11 Internet cKJia,r:i;hrnaeTcH 113 TeXHonor1111 nonyqeHHH HH<l>opMaUHH OT y,n;arreHHhIX KOMnhIOTepoB H TeXHOJIOrHH no,n;roTOBKH HH<l>OpMaUHH AJIH nepe,n;aqH ,n;aHHhIX.

17.3. TexHononu1 pa6oTbl c nporpaMMOH Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 0CHOBY TeXHOJIOrHH nonyqeHHH HH<l>opMaUHll OT y,n;arreHHhIX KOMnhIOTepoB COCTaBJIHIOT nporpaMMHble CllCTeMhl, KOTOpbie Ha3bIBaIOT WWW-6poy3epaM11, np11eMhI pa6oThI c KOTOphIMH paccMOTpHM Ha np11Mepe nporpaMMhI Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0. Internet Explorer

4.0

npe,n;ocrnBJIHeT noJih30BaTeJI10 cne.r:i;yIO:rn;11e

B03MO)l(HOCTll AJIH TBopqecKOM ,n;eHTeJihHOCTH: • npocMOTp WWW-.r:i;oK}'MeHTOB Ha BCeM r11nepnpocTpaHCTBe Internet; • nonyqeH11e 11 nepe.r:i;aqy 11H<l>opMau1111 no 3JieKTpOHHOM noqTe, yqaCTHe B TeJieKoH<l>epeHUHHX;

282

• rro.rryqeHRe orrepaTHBHOH RH<popMau;HR H3 pa3.JIWIHhIX RH$opMaUROHHhIX HCTOqHHKOB (KaHa.JIOB). Ha pRc. 17 .3 rroKa3aHo pa6oqee OKHO nporpaMMhl rrocne ee 3arpy3KH . .[ljrn npocMoTpa WWW-AOKYMeHTa Heo6xo,n:RMO BBecTH ero a.n:pec B a,n:pecttyIO CTpOl<y, qTO MO)l(eT 6b1Tb BblIIOJIHeHo H3 CIIHCKa HJIH BpyqHyio. CnRCOK a.n:pecoB ct>opMHpyeTcH aBTOMaTWiecKH B npou;ecce pa6oThl. )l)UI pa60Tbl c 3JieKTpOHHOH rroqTQ:i{ Heo6XO,[(HMO: ~ aKTRBH3RpOBaTb MeHIO IlepexoiJ; ~ BhI6paTh KOMaH.[(y Iloitma, IIOCJie BblIIOJIHeHIDI KOTOpOH 3arpy3HTCH OKHO rrporpaMMbl pa60Tbl c 3JieKTpOHHOH rroqTo:i1:; ~ .n:a.n:ee BblIIOJIHHTh ,n:eHCTBIDI, rrpe.n:yCMOTpeHHbie TeXHOJIOrHe:H pa60Tbl c 3JieKTpOHHOH rroqTOH. Ha pHc. 17.4 rroKa3aHo oKHo Internet Explorer c 3arp~etttto:H rrporpaMMo:H Outlook Express . .[ljrn yqaCTIDI B TeJieKOH$epeHURHX He06XO.[(HMO: ~ aKTRBH3HpOBaTb MeHIO IlepexoiJ; ~ BbI6paTb KOMaH.[(y Te11eKOHrjJepeHU,UU, IIOCJie BblIIOJIHeHIDI KOTOpOH 3arpy3HTCH oKHo c rrporpaMMOH Outlook Express MH pa6oTbI B pe)l(HMe TeJieKoHcl>epeHI.J;HH;

.... l'.!J

i'136patt...

;:KypHan

KaHOJlbl

Ha aec...

::J • • •

http://www.1ambler.ru/ http://www.diplomat.ru/ hUp://www.orc.ru/

http://www.realtor.ru/

• •

http://www. r~.net/

http://www.infoseek.com/ http: //www.compuplus.ru/ • http://www.realtor.ru/fax_wet/ • http://WV>Jw.resume.ru/ a http://wW'N.home.msn.com

II http://www.ecu1an.ru/

•

raroeo

OgcK

3otta i'IHTepHeTa

lJ!l

about blank • Mictoso...

1W Microsoft Word· UoK

22:13

CrpoKa sso.n;a a.n;peca WWW- cepsepa

P11c. 17.3. OI<Ho rrporpaMMbI Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0

283

OT CANADA lt'-JDUSTRI !l.l C:Of\111Uf JITY ::concern@1nter!og corn::- KoMy TeMa Happy New Y~at 1

Wishing Joyous Holiday Season and Very Prosperous Happy New Year to you, your family and all your stalf!

22:21

P11c. 17.4. OKHo Internet Explorer c 3arp)')KeHHOH nporpaMMOH Outlook Express

=> BbIIlOJIHHTb ;:i;eHCTBml, aHan:orHqHble ;:i;eHCTBHHM npH pa6oTe c 3Jie1CTpOHHOH rroqTOH. Ha pHc. 17.5 noKaJaHo pa6oqee oKHo Internet Explorer c JarpyxeHHOH rrporpaMMOH Outlook Express )J;JIH pa60ThI e pe)l(HMe TeJieKoH<t>epeHUHH. ,lI.mI rronyqeHHH onepaTHBHOH HH$OpMaUHH no HMeIOII!HMCH B ceTH Internet HH<l:>opMaUROHHhIM KaHan:aM Tpe6yeTCH no;:i;nHCaTbCH Ha He06xo;:i;RM1>1e KaHaJihI y npoeaii;:i;epa yc.rryr Internet. EcJIH Bbl o<t>opMHJIH TaKyIO IIO)J;IIHCKY, TO )J;JIH nonyqeHHH HH$OpMaUHH H3 COOTBeTCTBYJOII!ero Kattana cne;:i;yeT: => aKTHBH3HpoeaTb MeHIO H36pannoe; => B OTKpbIBIIIeMCH CIIHCKe KOMaH,U MeHIO II!eJIICH)'Tb JieBOH KHOTIKOH MhlIIIH no JHaqKY (rranKa) KaHaJ1bl; => BhI6paTb Tpe6yeMblH K3HaJI B IIOHBHBIIIeMCH CIIHCKe, H TIOJIYqJiTb co;:i;epxaIIIYIOCH Ha CTpaHHUax KaHaJia HH<t>opMaUHIO. AHanoruqH1>1e ;:i;e:HcTBHH MO)l(HO BhIIIOJIHHTh, II!eJIKHYB MhIIIIhIO no KHOIIKe [KaHaJibl] Ha TiaHeJIH HHCTpYMeHTOB. Ha pHc. 17.6 noKaJaHO oKHo, noHBHBIIIeecH rrocne aKTHBHJaURH KHOITKH [KaHaJibl]. B JieBOH qacTH 3Toro OKHa YK3J3H nepeqeHh KaHaJIOB, Ha KOTOpbie y IlOJlh30BaTeJIH HMeeTCH IIO)J;IlHCKa. He 6y;:i;eM 6onee ;:i;eTaJihHO OIIHChlBaTb pa6oTY nporpaMMhI Internet Explorer 4.0, TaK KaK Ha,neeMCH, qTo )J;JIH qHTaTeJIH, HJyqHBIIIero eec1> 284

1002

PHc. 17.5. OKHo Internet Explorer ,!l)UI pa6oThl B pe.xatMe TeJieKompepeHI.(HH

PHc. 17.6. OKHo c rrepe•rneM HH<t>opMaUHOHHbIX Kananoe

285

rrpe,ll;bUJYI.I.l;U:H MaTepu:a.rr, )J;a.TlbHe:Hrnee OCBOeHu:e 3TOH rrporpaMMbl He rrpe.n;cTaBU:T HU:KaIGfX CJIO)l(}{OCTe:H.

KOHTpOnbHble eonpOCbl

1. qTo rrpe.n;cTawrneT co6oil: ceTh Internet? 2. qTo TaKoe Internet-TeXHOJiornn? 3. KaKOBhI o6JiaCTH rrpnMetteHHH Internet-TeXHoJiornil: B rrpoH3Bo.n;cTBe H 6H3Hece? 4. L(JIH KaKHx 3a,11;aq rrpe.ntta3ttaqetta rrporpaMMa Internet Explorer?

rnaea 18 HTML -

18.1.

s:l3blK PA3METKllt r11tnEPTEKCTA

06~11te ceeAeHMH o H3b1Ke

HTML

,I1.Juc rro;::i;roTOBKM RmpopMaU:HH H coxpaHemrn ee B BH;:J;e WWW;::i;oK)'MeHTOB (CTPaHHU:, caMTOB) 6bm pa3pa60TaH crreu;mUihHhIM H3bIK pa3MeTKM mrrepTeKCTa - HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). OcHOBHOe Ha3HaqeHHe H3bIKa COCTOHT B rrpe;::i;cTaBJieHHH TeKCTOBOM, rpact>J{qeCKOM, BH;:J;eo- H ay;::i;HOHHcPOPMaU:HH B BH;:J;e, 06ecrreqJfBa10:u:i;eM MHHHMa.JlhHhIM o6beM rrepe;::i;aBaeMOM B ceTb HHcPOpMaU:HH. PaccMOTPHM cne;::i;yio:u:i;R:H rrpRMep. CoJ;:J;a;:J;HM B TeKCTOBOM pe;::i;aKTope Word 2000 TPH CTPOKM TeKCTa (pHC. 18.1) H coxpaHHM ero KaK Web-cTPaHRU:Y (B ct>opMaTe HTML). Ilpe;::i;cTaBHM TeKCT Ko;::i;a rrporpaMMhI, OT06pIDKa10:u:i;e:H ;::i;aHHYIO CTPaHRu:y Word, B ct>opMaTe HTML: <html xmlns:o = «urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office» xmlns:w = «urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word» xmlns = «http://www.w3.org(fR/REC-html40»> <head> <meta http-equiv= Content-Type content= «text/html; charset =windows125 l>» <link rel= Original- File href = «file:///C:/MATH/K1rn:rnjYqe6HHK %20rro %20I1I1C/foTOBOjYqe6HHK(feKCT/FrontPage/3HaKOMHMCH %20c %20HTML.htm»> <meta name= Progld content= Word.Document> <meta name= Generator content= «Microsoft Word 9»> <meta name= Originator content= «Microsoft Word 9»> <link rel = File-List href = «./3HaKOMHMCH %20c %20HTML.files/ filelist.xml»> <title>3HaKOMHMCH c HTML</title> <!- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties>

3HaKOMHMCH c HTML 3TOT TeKCT HarreqaTaH B pe;::i;aKTope Word 2000 PHc. 18.1. <l>parneHT TeKCTa, Ha6paHHOro B pe.a:aKTope Word 2000

287

<o:Author>.l1; </o:Author> <o:Template> Normal</o:Template> <o:LastAuthor>.LJ;</o:LastAuthor> <o:Revision> 1</o:Revision> <o:TotalTime> 3</o:TotalTime> <o:Created>2002-04-13Tl 7: 1 l:OOZ</o:Created> <o: LastSaved> 2002-04- BTl 7: 14:00Z </o: LastSaved> <o:Pages> 1</o:Pages> <o:Words>8</o:Words> <o:Characters>50</o:Characters> <o:Company>CCNT</o:Company> <o:Lines> l </o:Lines> <o:Paragraphs> 1</o:Paragraphs> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>61 </o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:Version>9.2812</o:Version> </o: DocumentProperties> </xml><![endifl- ><!- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:Zoom>O</w:Zoom> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endifl- > <style> <!/* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:»«; margin:Ocm; margin-bottom:.OOOlpt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size: 19.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family:«Times New Roman»; mso-fareast-font-family:«Times New Roman»; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;} @page Section 1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:2.0cm 42.5pt 2.0cm 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:O;} div.Section! {page:Sectionl ;}

-> </style> </head> <body lang=RU style='tab-interval:35.4pt'> <div clasS=Sectionl> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;lineheight:200 %'>

288

<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>3ttaKOMHMCH c <jb><b style= 'mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'><span lang =EN-US style ='rnso-ansi-language:EN-US'> HTML</ span><o:p></o:p><jb></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;lineheight:200 %'>3TOT TeKCT HarreqaTaH B pe)l,aKTope</p> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;lineheight:200 %'> <span lang=EN-US style='rnso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Word 2000<o:p></ o:p></span></p> </div> </body> </html> <l>aitrr c TeKCTOM, cocTaBJieHHhIM B pe,IJ,aKTope Word (cM. pMc. 18.1), B cl>opMaTe .doc JaHMMaeT 19 K6atl:T. 3TOT )Ke TeKCT, coxpaHeHHhIH B cl>opMaTe HTML, cocTaBJUleT Bcero 3 K6atl:Ta. EcJrn 3TOT )Ke TeKCT Ha6paTb B pe,IJ,aKTope hAOKHOm, TO coxpaHeHHhlH KaK Web-CTPamui:a (B cl>opMaTe HTML) OH Jatl:MeT Bcero 134 6atl:Ta. lfa rrpMBe,IJ,eHHOro rrpMMepa MO)l(HO C,IJ,eJiaTb CJie,IJ,yIOm;Me BhIBO)l,hI: 1. Httcl>opMaum1 B KO,IJ,e HTML JaHMMaeT 3HaqMTeJihHO MeHhIIIMH o6'heM, qeM Ta )Ke MHcl>opMaUIDI, pa3pa6oTaHHIDI B APYfHX rrpHJIO)l(eHIDIX Windows. 2. ,l(Jrn IIO)l,fOTOBKH MHcl>opMaUMH, B TOM qffcJie H COCTaBJieHIDI HTML-Ko,IJ,a, )l(eJiaTeJihHO rrpMMeIDITh rrpocTbie TeKCTOBhie pe,IJ,aKToPhI TMrra EJIOKHOT (Notepad), BXOMmMe B tta6op crnH,IJ,apTHhIX rrporpaMM Windows. B rrpMBe,IJ,eHHOM )],JUI rrpMMepa cl>parMeHTe rrporpaMMhI Bhl)l,eJieHhI KOMaH,IJ,hI BhIBO,IJ,a Ha 3KpaH tta6pattHoro TeKcTa. OcTaJihHhie ,IJ,MpeKTMBhI OTP~aIOT rrapaMeTPhI cl>opMaTMpoBaHIDI CTPaHMUhI TeKCTa (rrapaMeTPhI CTPaHMUhI, a63aua, IIIPMcPTa M ,IJ,p.). KaK mo6otl: 513hIK rrporpaMMMpoBaHIDI, HTML MMeeT CBOIO rpaMMaTHKY H rrpaBHJia 3aIIMCH. <l>opMMpyeMbIH KO)], rrporpaMMhl rrpe,IJ,CTaBJUleT co6otl: TeKCT B cl>opMaTe ASCII (rro3TOMY )],JUI coJ,IJ,aHIDI TeKcTa HTML-rrporpaMMhI M rrpMMeIDIIOT TeKCTOBhie pe,IJ,aKTopbI). IlocJie COCTaBJieHIDI TeKCTa rrporpaMMhl B TeKCTOBOM pe,IJ,aKTope ero Heo6xo)l,HMO coxpaHMTh B cl>opMaTe HTML. 06paTMM BHMMaHMe, qTo B OTJIJ{qlfe OT TeKCTOBOfO pe)l,aKTopa, OT06p~eHMe ,IJ,OKYMeHTa rrpOM3BO)l,HTC51 He rrpM ero C03,IJ,aHMH, a JIHIIlh IIOCJie Toro KaK OH 6y,IJ,eT 3arp~eH B WWW-6poy3ep.

18.2. CTpyKl)'pa HTML路AOKyMeHTa 513hIK HTML cymecTByeT B HeCKOJihKHX BapMaHTax, IDIM crreuMcPMKaQIDIX. KaK M BepcMM JII06hIX rrporpaMMHhIX rrpo,IJ,yKToB, BapMaHThI .H3hIKa HTML rrpottyMepoBaHhI: 2.0, 3.0, 3.2, 4.0. Ka)l()l,IDI rrocJie-

289

;zyIOrn;aH aepcIDI 11pe;:i:cTaBJU1eT co6o:H pacnrn:pem1e 11 ;:i:o11011HeH11e npe;:J:bI.UYIUeH. 3;:i:ecb Mhl 6y;:i:eM paccMaTpHBaTb KOHCTpYKUHH H3hIKa HTML aepc1111 4.0, KOTOpb1e 11o;:i:;:i:ep:xarna10TcH nocne;:i:HHMH aepcIDIMH 6oJihllIHHCTBa pacnpocTpaHeHHhIX 6poy3epoa. Bee aepc1111 H3hIKa co3;:i:a10T <t>a:HJihI, coxpaHHeMhie c pacllIHpeHIDIMH .html HJIH .htm. KaK BH;:i:HO 113 TeKcTa 11p11ae;:i:eHHOH nporpaMMhI, HTML-.ll:OKYMeHT - 3TO TeKCTOBhIH .ll:OKYMeHT c11e11HaJihHOro <t>opMaTa, B KOTOpoM 06b111HhlH TeKCT coqeTaeTCH c 3JieMeHTaMH pa3MeTKH, 3aKJI10qeHHhIMH B yrnoBhie cKo6KH >, Hanp11Mep <html>, </html>, <head>, </body>. TaKHe 3JieMeHThI pa3MeTKH Ha3bIBaIOTCH m320Mu. T3rH 6hrna10T oouHoitHbtMU, omKpbt6a10w,UMu 11 3aKpbt6a10w,UMu 11 COCTOHT 113 CJie;zyIOrn;HX ;:i:pyr 3a ;:i:pyrOM B onpe;:i:eneHHOM nopH;:i:Ke 3JieMeHTOB: • JieBOH yrJIOBOH CK06KH <; • He06H3aTeJibHOro CHMBOJia CJl3lll /, KOTOpbIH 03HaqaeT, qTo T3r HBJUleTCH KOHeqHhIM, T. e. 3aKpbIBa10rn;HM HeKOTOPYJO CTpYKTYPY, HanpHMep </html> (cHMBOJI / MO)l(HO q11TaTh KaK K0He11 HeKoToporo 3JieMeHTa pa3MeTKH, HanpHMep CTpOKH HJIH a63au:a); • HMeHH T3ra, HanpHMep html; • Heo6H3aTeJibHhIX aTpH6YTOB (T3r MO)l(eT 6bITh 6e3 aTpH6YTOB HJIH conpoBO)l(.ll:aTbCH O;:J:HHM HJIH HeCKOJihKHMH aTpH6YTaMH, HanpHMep align= «center»); • npaBOH yrJIOBOH CK06KH >. TaKHM o6pa30M, OTKpb1Ba10rn;11:H T3r <html>' CTOHill;HH BHaqane .ll:OKYMeHTa HTML 11 03Haqa10rn;11:H ero Haqano, cocTOHT 113 HMeHH html H ;:i:ayx yrJIOBhIX CK060K < >' a T3r </html>' yKa3aHHhIH B KOHu:e Web-;:J:OKYMeHTa, co;:i:ep)IGIT ern;e H CHMBOJI CJI3lll /, 03Haqa10ill;HH, qTo 3TOT T3r 3aKpb1Ba10rn;11:H, T.e. YKa3b1Ba10rn;11:H Ha KOHeu: ;:i:oKYMeHTa. ATpH6YT align co 3HaqeHHeM «center>>, 03HaqaeT, qTo TeKcT 6y;:i:eT BblpOBHeH 110 u:eHTpy. B T3rax MOrYT HCI10Jlb30BaTbCH TOJlhKO CHMBOJlhl JiaTHHCKOro an<t>aBHTa, a B 3HaqeHHHX aTpH6YTOB - Jil06bie CHMBOJlhl. EcJIH B KaqecTBe 3HaqeHHH aTpH6YTa HCI10Jlh3YJOTCH, HanpHMep, CHMBOJihl KHPHJIJIHU:hl, TO OHM ;:J:OJl)l(Hbl 6bITh 3aKJI10qeHbl B KaBbl'IKH. Ilp11 Ha1111caHHH Ko;:i:a nporpaMMhI Ha H3hIKe HTML He 11rpaeT pOJIH <t>opMaT llIPH<l>Ta - nponHCHOH OH HJIH CTpOqHhIH (BepXHHH HJIH HH)l(HHH perncTp), T. e. T3rH <HEAD>, <head> H <Head> HBJUIJOTCH 3KBHBaJieHTHhIMH. ,ll;anee .ll:JIH Ha1111caHID1 T3roB 6y;:i:eM HCI10Jlh30BaTb HH)l(HHH perHCTp. nOJihllIHHCTBO T3roB c;:i:aoeHhI, T. e. 3a OTKphrna10rn;11M T3roM cne;:i:yeT COOTBeTCTBYJOill;HH eMY 3aKPhIBa10rn;11:H, a Me)l(;:J:y HHMH co;:i:ep)IGITCH TeKCT HJIH ;:i:pyr11e T3rH, Hanp11Mep <p class= MsoNormal align= center style='text-align:center;line-height:200 %'>. 3ToT TeKcT HaneqarnH B pe;:i:aKTope </p>. B ;:i:aHHoM 11p11Mepe Me)l(;:J:y OTKPhIBa10rn;HM TeroM <p> c napaMeTpaMH clasS=MsoNormal align=center style ='text-

290

align:center;line-height:200 TeKCT .

%' 113aKpbIBaIOII.l;MM TeroM </p> Hax:O;::i:MTCH

.Il:Ba T3ra 11 qacTb .ll:OicyMeHTa, 3a:KJIJOqeHHaH Me)l{)J,y HMMM, o6pa3yIOT 6JioK, Ha3hIBaeMhIR 3JieMeHTOM, MJIM ;::i:11peKT11BoH: HTML. HeKoTOphre T3rM (HarrpMMep, <hr>) HBJIHIOTCH 0.ll:MHOqHhIMM, T.e. c HMMM 3aKpb1Ba10.u..i;11e T3f11 He rrpMMeHHIOTCH, TaK KaK OHM caMM no ce6e HBJIHIOTCH 3JieMeHTaMM HTML. EoJihIIIMHCTBO T3roB MOryT MMeTh o;::i:11H MJIM HeCKOJihKO aTp116yTOB -

rrapaMeTpOB, ;::i:a10.u..i;11x .ll:OIIOJIHMTeJibttyIO MmpopMaI.J,MIO 0 TOM,

KaK 6poy3ep .ll:OJDKeH o6pa6aTbIBaTb TeK}TIJ,MR T3r. Ho aTpM6YT He HBJIHeTCH o6H3aTeJibHOR xapaKTepMCTMKOR T3ra. ATpM6YT T3ra COCTOMT 113 MMeHM (HarrpMMep, align), 3HaKa paBeHCTBa (=) 11 3HaqeHMH, KOTOpoe 3a;::i:aeTCH CTpOKOR CMMBOJIOB (HarrpMMep, «center»), T. e. MMeeT BM.ll: align=«center». 3HaqeHMH aTpM6YTOB o6hrqHo 3aKJI10qa10TcH B KaBhrqKM. O;::i:HaKo, ecJIM B 3TMX 3HaqeHMHX MCIIOJih3YJOTCH TOJihKO CMMBOJlhI JiaTMHCKOro ampaBMTa, u,mppbl 11 ;::i:e<t>11cbI, KaBhrqKM MO)l(HO orrycTMTh 11 3arr11caTh align = center. CTpYKTYPa HTML-;::i:oicyMeHTa co;::i:ep:xafT cJie.ll:YJO.u..i;Me o6H3aTeJihHhie 3JieMeHThI: • T3m <html> 11 </html> • T3rM <head> 11 </head> -

OTMeqaJOT Haqano 11 KOHeI.J, .ll:OicyMeHTa; orpaHffqMBaIOT 3aroJIOBOK;

• T3m <body> ... </body> - orpaH11q11BaIOT TeKCT rrporpaMMhI. B 3aroJIOBKe, orpaHwqeHHOM T3raM11 <head> 11 </head>, c rroMoIl.l;hIO T3roB <title> ... </title> orrpe;::i:eJIHeTCH Ha3BaHMe .ll:OKYMeHTa, KOTopoe .ll:OJl)l(HO OTpIDKaTh ero co;::i:ep)l(aHMe 11 BKJiioqaTh B ce6H He 6oJiee rneCTM CJIOB. 3TO Ha3BaHMe OT06p<UKaeTCH 6poy3epaMM B CTpOKe 3aroJIOBKa pa6oqero OKHa rrporpaMMhI, 11 IIOMCKOBbie CMCTeMbI 6poy3epoB 11.ll:eHTM<i>MU.MPYJOT .ll:OKYMeHT, MCIIOJib3YH ero Ha3BaHMe. KpoMe 3JieMema <title> ... </title>, JaronoBoK MO)l(eT co;::i:ep)l(aTh 3JieMeHTur <meta> ... </meta> (HarrpMMep, <meta name= «GENERATOR» content=«Cerg Ivanov»>) .ll:JIH YKa:JaHMH MH<l>opMau,1111 o HeM. 0TKphIBa10.u..i;11H: T3r <meta> BKJIJOqaeT B cefoi: rrapy UMJI, 3Haitenue, OIIMChI-

BaIOllIYJO CBORCTBa .ll:OKYMeHTa, HaIIpMMep aBTOPCTBO, CIIMCOK KJIIOqeBbIX CJIOB 11 T. ;::i:. 3TM ;::i:aHHbie MCIIOJib3YJOTCH TaK)l(e IIOMCKOBhIMM cepBepaMM rrp11 MH;::i:eKcau,1111 .ll:OKYMeHTOB. B TeKcTe Ko;::i:a HTML, TaK)l(e KaK 11 B TeKCTe rrporpaMMhI, Harr11caHHOR Ha JII060M H3hIKe rrporpaMMMpOBaHMH, MOryT co;::i:ep)l(aTbCH KOMMeHTap1111, ;::i:a10.u..i;11e rroHcHeHMH qeJioBeKY, q11Ta10.u..i;eMY HTMLKo;::i:. KoMMeHTap1111 Haq11HaIOTCH c qeThrpexcMMBOJihHOR rrocne;::i:oBaTeJihHOCTM <!- 11 3aBeprnaIOTCH TpeXCMMBOJlhHOR IIOCJie;::i:oBaTeJibHOCThIO - > (Harrp11Mep, <!- Haqano rnaBHoH: cTpaHMI.J,hI - > ). KoMMeHTap1111 11rHop11pYJOTCH 6poy3epoM 11 He BJIMHIOT Ha rrpe;::i:CTaBJieH11e ;::i:oKYMeHTa Ha 3KpaHe. B OTJIMMe OT rrporpaMMMpoBaHMH Ha yttMBepCaJihHhIX H3hIKax:, Kor;::i:a HaJiffqMe KOMMeHTapMH HBJIHeTCH 3HaKoM xopowero CTMJIH, rrp11 Harr11caH1111 Ko;::i:a HTML KOMMeHTap1111 )l(eJiaTeJihHO MCIIOJih30BaTb KaK MO)l(HO pe)l(e. 3To o6'bHCHHeTCH

291

TeM, qTo KOMMeHTap1rn, HBJIIDICb qacTbIO <t>afu:ra, rrepe.u:a10TcH no cen1 BMecTe c .u:mcyMeHTOM H Moryr 3HaqHTeJibHO YBeJiffqHTb pa3Mep <t>a:H:na, a COOTBeTCTBeHHO H BpeMH ero rrepe.u;aqH. I1p11 H3yqeHHH H3hIKa HTML oqeHb rrone3HO npocMaTpHBaTh 11 aHaJIH3HpoBaTb HTML-KO.U: <t>afu:roB, C03.U:aHHbIX B TeKCTOBOM pe.u;aKTope, qTO IIOMOXeT 6bICTpee OCBOHTb H nOHHTb rrpHHllHIIbl nporpaMMHpOBaHHH H CTpYK'fYPY 3TOfO H3bIKa. HaJHaqeHHe H3bIKa HTML cocTOHT B orr11caHHH no orrpe.u:eneHHhIM rrpaBHJiaM CTpYJCTYPbI .U:OKYMeHTa, co.u:epxamero xapaKTepHcTHKH <t>opMaTHpoBaHHH 3JieMeHTOB cmpaHUU,bl, aHaJIOfffqHbIX TeM, KOTOpbie ycTaHaBJIHBaIOTCH npH C03JJ:aHHH .U:OKYMeHTa B TeKCTOBOM pe.u:aKTOpe. OrJiffqHe COCTOHT B TOM, qro B TeKCTOBbIX pe.u:aKTopax Bee napaMeTpbl .U:OKYMeHTa Bb1611pa10T H3 KOMaHJJ: CHCTeMhI MeHIO, a B HTML Bee napaMeTpbI .U:OKYMeHTa JJ:OJI)l(:Hbl 6b1Tb OIIHCaHbl JJ:HpeKnrnaMH H3bIKa. MrnK, HaJHaqeHHe H3bIKa HTML cocTOHT B crre1111anhHOM <t>opMaJIH30BaHHOM orrHcaHHH Web-.U:OKYMeHTa (cTpaHHllhI, ca:H:Ta) JJ:JIH rrepe.u;aq11 B ceTb H IIOCJie.u:yromero rrpoCMOTpa c noMOIIIblO rrporpaMM6poy3epoB. M3 3Toro cne.u:yeT, qTo JJ:JIH C03.U:aHHH Web-.U:OKYMeHTOB Heo6xo.u:11Mo HMeTb TeKCTOBbIH pe.u:aKTop, HanpHMep, EnoKHoT (Notepad) JJ:JIH C03.U:aHHH HTML-<t>afu:ra H nporpaMMY-6poy3ep, HarrpHMep, Internet Explorer HJIH Netscape Communicator JJ:JIH npocMoTpa pe3yJihTaTOB npoeKTilpOBaHHH. IlpffqeM JJ:JIH npocMoTpa Web-.u:oKYMeHTOB nyqrne HMeTb pa3JlffqHbie 6poy3epbl, TaK KaK MHorne 3JieMeHTbl HTML rro-pa3HOMY oTo6paxaIOTCH B pa3HbIX nporpaMMax npocMoTpa H n03TOMY xeJiaTeJibHO KOHTpOJIHpOBaTb 3TY pa3HHIIY.

18.3. 063op KoMaHA H3b1Ka HTML TexHoJiorHH C03.U:aHHH Web-.u:oKYMeHTOB CBO.U:HTCH npaKTHqecKH K aHaJIOfffqHbIM .u:e:H:CTBHHM no C03.U:aHHIO .U:OKYMeHTa B pe.u:aKTope Word: => C03.U:aHHe H <t>opMaTHpOBam1e CTpaHHllbl TeKcrn; => BCTaBKa PHCYHKOB; => BCTaBKa rnnepCCbIJIOK; => C03.U:aHHe cnHCKOB; => C03.U:aHHe <t>opM; => C03.U:aHHe Ta6JIHII; => C03.U:aHHe MHOfOOKOHHOH CTpaHHllbl (cTpaHHllbl c <t>pe:H:MaMH). I1p11czyrraH K pa3pa6oTKe Web-cTpaHHllhI, Heo6xo.u:11Mo c<t>opMHpoBaTb Ha xeCTKOM .U:HCKe rraIIKY JJ:JIH xpaHeHHH CTpaHHII, HanpHMep c HMeHeM Web. Co3.u;aH11e Web-cTpaHHII B HeKoTopon cTerreHH aHaJIOfffqHO co3.U:aHHIO CJia:H:.u;oB rrpe3eHTaIIHH, T. e. CHaqana rrpOBO.U:HTCH .U:H3a:H:HepcKaH pa6oTa c KapaH.u;aIIIoM B PYKax no pa3pa6oTKe c11eHapHH Kax.u;o:H: CTpaHHllbl.

292

Kor,D,a cu;eHapH:H cTpaHHU:hI rrpo,D,yMaH, MO)l(HO rrpHCTYJIHTh K ee C03,ll,aHHIO, ,ll,JIH qero Heo6XO,ll,HMO BhIIIOJIHHTh CJie,ll,ylOrn;He ,D,eMCTBmI: => co3,D,aTh rrarrKY c HMeHeM Web Ha mo6oM xecTKOM ,ll,HCKe KOMIIhIOTepa; => 3arrycTHTh rrporpaMMY BJioKHOT (Notepad). IlpH 3TOM .llJlH co3,D,amrn HTML-Ko,D,a MO)l(HO HCIIOJib30BaTh mo6o:H TeKCTOBhIM pe,D,aKTop, O,D,HaKO B 3TOM c.rryqae CJie.uyeT coxpaIDITb <t>a:HJI B BH,ll,e rrpOCTOfO TeKCTa, qTo6bI H36exaTh BKJIJOqemrn B Web-,D,OK}'MeHT IIOCTOPOHHHX CHMBOJIOB <t>opMaTHpoBamrn; => BBeCTH B oKHo rrporpaMMhI BJioKHoT (Notepad) T3rn, orrpe,D,emnorn;we CTIJYJCTYPY mo6oro HTML-,D,oK}'MeHTa; => COCTaBHTh (oT<t>opMaTHPOBaTb) ,ll,OK}'MeHT cpe,D,CTBaMH R3hIKa HTML. Co3,ZJ;aHBe H c)»opMaTHpOBaHHe CTpaJIHQbl TeKCTa. 06paTHM BHHMaHHe Ha CJie,ll,ylOrn;He rrpamma rpaMMaTHKH H rrpHeMhI COCTaBJieHHR KO,D,a HTML: • rrpH C03,D,aHHH HTML-Ko,D,a ,D,orrycKaeTCR HCIIOJih30BaTh mo6o:H perncTp CHMBOJIOB (H BepXHHH, H HH)l(HHH); • Ka)l(,ll,hlH T3f CJie.uyeT BBO,ll,HTh c HOBOH CTpOKH (KPOMe 3aKPbIBaIOIIJ;ero T3ra </title>); • ,ll,JIH BBO,D,a rrapHbIX T3fOB MO)l(HO HCIIOJib30BaTb orrepau;HH KOIIHpoBaHHR H BCTaBKH qepe3 6y<t>ep o6MeHa Windows c IIOCJie,ll,ylOIIJ;HM ,D,06aBJieHHeM CHMBOJia CJ13lli /. PaccMOTpHM rrpaBHJia HarrwcaHHR T3fOB H HX Ha3HaqeHHe Ha rrpwMepe cJie,ll,ylOrn;eH: CTpYJCTYPhI HTML-,D,oK}'MeHTa: <html> <head> <title> </title> </head> <body> </body> </html> IlepBbIH <html> H IIOCJie,ll,HHH </html> T3rH 03HaqaJOT COOTBeTCTBeHHO HaqaJio H KOHeu; ,ll,OK}'MeHTa. T3rn <head> ... </head> orrpe,D,eAAJOT 3aroJIOBOK Web-cTpaHHU:hl. Tern <body> ... </body> ycTaHaBJIHBalOT HaqaJio H KO Heu; TeKCTOBOH HH<t>opMaU:HH ,ll,OK}'MeHTa. Me)J{,ll,}' reraMH <title> H </title> BHOCHTCR Ha3BaHHe Web-cTpaHHU:hI, KOTOpoe ,ll,OJl)l(HO 6bITh KOpOTKHM H MaKCHMaJihHO OTpaxaTb ee co,D,epxaHHe. TaK KaK Me)J{,ll,y T3faMH <body> ... </body> BCTaBJijleTCR OCHOBHOH TeKCT cTpaHHU:hI, To rrpH cocTaBJieHHH HCXO,D,HOH CTpYJCTYPhl HTMLKO,D,a Me)J{,ll,y HHMH CJie.uyeT BCTaBHTb IIYCTYJO CTpOK}'. ,[lAA Ka)l(,ll,OH Web-cTpaHHU:hl MO)l(HO 3a,I~aTh U:BeT <t>oHa H U:BeT TeKCTa c IIOMOIIJ;hIO aTpH6YTOB bgcolor H text OTKpbIBaJOrn;ero T3ra <body>.

293

3a,n;aTb U:BeT KaK JHaqeHIDI arpH6yroB MO)l(}{O, )'KaJaB HMH U:BeTa, Hanp11Mep white - 6eJihIM (B HJhIKe HTML npe.uycMoTpeHo rnecTHa,n;u:aTh TaKHX HMeH), HJIH c IlOMOlllhlO u:mppoBoro o60JHaqeHIDI, BblITOJIHeHHOro B rneCTHa,n;u:aTHpHqHOM CHCTeMe (HanpHMep, «#ffillf» 6eJihIM), KOTOpoe yx:aJbIBaeT, KaKHM o6paJOM .uaHHhIM U:BeT <t>opMHpyeTCH HJ OCHOBHbIX U:BeTOB - KpacHoro, JeJieHoro, CHHero. KoHeqHo, cJioBecHoe yx:aJaHHe U:BeTa 6oJiee y.uo6Ho H noHHTHO. Ho, c .upyro:U CTOpOHhI, qHcJieHHhie o6oJHaqeHHH o6ecITeqHBaIOT 60JihIIIe BOJMO)l(}{OCTeM, TaK KaK ITOJBOAAIOT yx:aJaTb npaKT11qecKH JII06o:U HJ 16 777 215 OTTeHKOB, Tor.ua KaK CJIOBeCHbie o60JHaqeHIDI orpaHHqeHhl TOJihKO IIIeCTHa,n;u:aThIO U:BeTaMH. IlOJIHbIM ITepeqeHb U:BeTOBbIX HMeH H HX U:H<l>POBbie 3KBHBaJieHTbl ITpHBe)l.eHbl B [ 10]' IT03TOMY )1.3,ll;HM JIHIIlb CJIOBeCHbie o60JHaqeHIDI HeKOTOpblX U:BeTOB: blac (qepHbIM), gray (cepbIM), red (KpaCHbIM), green (JeJieHhIM), aqua (roJiy6o:U), blue (CHHHM), yellow (xeJIThIM). EcJIH .ll.AA <t>oHa Web-cTpaHHU:hI Tpe6yeTCH CHHHM u:BeT, a .ll.AA TeKcTa xeJITbIM, TO B OTKpblBaIOlllHM T3f <body> Heo6XO)l.HMO BCTaBHTb COOTBeTCTByIOlllHe aTpH6yrhI bgcolor =blue H text= yellow. B 3TOM CJIYqae .UHpeKTHBa HTML, ycrnHaBJI11Ba10lllaH U:BeT <t>oHa cTpaHHU:hI H U:BeT CHMBOJIOB TeKCTa, 6y.ueT BbirJIH)l.eTb CJie)l.yIOlllHM o6paJOM: <body bgcolor =blue text =yellow>. KpoMe yx:aJaHIDI U:BeTa )I.AA <t>oHa Web-cTpaHHU:hl MO)l(}{O HCITOJihJOBaTh TaKXe JapaHee IlO)l.fOTOBJieHHhIM PHCyHOK, HO 3TO 6y.ueT pacCMOTpeHO )l.aJiee. IlocJie o<t>opMJieHIDI cTpaHHu:y Ha,n;o coxpaHHTh, )I.AA qero tteo6xo.UHMO: ~ B OKHe nporpaMMbl EJIOKHOT (Notepad) BbI6paTh HJ MeHIO </JaWi * Coxpanumb (File * Save) KOMaH.!JY Coxpanenue (Save As); ~ OTKpbITb COJ)l.aHHyIO paHee ITaITKY Web, B KOTOpoi1: )l.OJI)l(}{bl coxpaHHTbCH Web-<l>ai1:Jib1; ~ B ITOJie BBO)l.a HMeHH <t>a:UJia File name BBeCTH HMH CTpaHHU:hI c pacrnHpeHHeM .html. Ilp11 coxpaHeHHH <t>ai1:Jla Heo6xo.uHMO ~JaTh pacrn11peHHe ero HMeHH .html HJIH .htm, qrn6bI 6poyJep CMOr OTKpbITb <t>ai1:JI )I.AA ITpOCMOTpa. Tor.ua <t>a:UJI 6y.ueT coxpaHeH B )'KaJaHHOM ITaITKe H ero HMH ITOHBHTCH B JaroJIOBKe OKHa ITporpaMMbl EJIOKHOT (Notepad). Arni ITPOCMOTpa CTpaHHU:hI B 6poyJepe He06XO)l.HMO OTKPhlTh ITaITKY Web, B KOTopo:U 6hm coxpaHeH HTML-<t>a:UJI, H meJIKHYfh MhIIIIhIO ITO ero JHaqKY· IlocJie qero 6y.ueT JaIIYllleH 6poyJep, ycTaHOBJieHHhIM ITO YMOJiqaHHIO, H B ero oKHe OTKpoeTcH coJ.uaHHhIM Web.UOKYMeHT. EcJIH npH BBo.ue TeKcTa Me)l()l.y TeraMH<body> ... <jbody> He BBe.ueHo HHKaKHX yx:aJaHHM ITO ero <t>opMaTHPOBaHHIO, T.e. paJ)l.eJieHHIO Ha a63au:hl, TO 3TOT TeKCT npH npoCMOTpe CTpaHHU:hl B 6poyJepe 6y.ueT OT<t>opMaTHpOBaH B BH)l.e 0)1.HOro a6Jau:a H BhIPOBHeH no JieBOMY Kpa10 cTpaHHU:hI. qT06hI Web-cTpaH11u:a BhirJIH)l.eJia 6onee ITpH-

294

BJieKaTeJihHO, TeKCT CJie,u;yeT pa3,U:eJIHTh Ha a63aUhl c BhI,l1;eJieHJ'.leM 3afOJIOBKOB. HTML 1103BOJIHeT 3a,uaBaTh rnecTh ypoBHe:H 3aroJIOBKOB pa3,u;eJioB JJ:OKYMeHTa, 11pottyMepoBaHHhIX UH<l>paMH OT 1 ,u;o 6. 3aroJIOBKH o6'hHBJIHIOTCH 11apo:H T'.3f0B c HOMepaMH, COOTBeTCTByIOIUHMH TPe6yeMhIM ypOBHHM, HallpHMep: <hl>(TeKCT 3aroJIOBKa)</hl> - 3aroJIOBOK pa3,U:eJia 11epBoro YPOBHH, <h6>(TeKCT 3afOJIOBKa)</h6> - 3afOJIOBOK pa3,u;eJia rnecToro ypoBHH. OT 11pocToro TeKcTa 3aroJIOBKH OTJIWiaIOTC» pa3MepoM H TOJIIUHHo:H 6YKB. 3aroJIOBOK 11epBoro ypOBHH hl BhIIIOJIHHeTC51 o6hJllHO oqeHh KPYJIHhIM rnpH<l>ToM, a 3aroJI0BoK rnecToro ypoBHH h6 - oqeHh MeJIKHM. 06pamaeM BHHMaHHe, qTo He CJie;zyeT rryTaTh 3afOJIOBKH pa3,U:eJIOB JJ:OKYMeHTa c 3afOJIOBKOM CTpaHHUhI, 011pe,u;eJI5IeMhIM ,U:HpeKTHBOH <head> (3aroJIOBOK CTPaHHUhI) </head>. Ilo YMOJiqaHHIO 3aroJIOBOK BhipaBHHBaeTc51 110 JieBOMY KpaIO CTPaHHUhI, HO ero MO::>KHO TaIOKe BhlpOBHHTh 110 11paBOMY KpaIO HJIH ueHTPHPOBaTh. ):Vui: 11paBocTopoHHero BhlpaBHHBaHHH B T'.3re <hl> HCllOJih3yeTC5I aTPH6YT align = right, a JJ:JI5I ueHTPHPOBaHHH - align = center. ,l1;orrycKaeTc51 TaIOKe RBHoe YKa3aHHe JieBocTopoHHero BhipaBHHBaHHH - align= left. Ha11pHMep, ,u;HpeKTHBa <hl align= center> (TeKCT 3aroJIOBKa)</hl> YKa3hIBaeT, qTo TeKCT 3aroJIOBKa ,u;oJDKeH 6hITh BhIpoBHeH 110 ueHTPY, a pa3Mep rnpH<l>Ta ,u;oJDKeH 6hITh HaH60JihIIIHM. IlpH o<PopMJieHHH TeKCTa peKOMeH;zyeTC51 11epHO,U:H11eCKH llpOCMaTpHBaTh <Pa:B:JI B 6poy3epe. IlpH <PopMaTHPOBaHHH IIIPH<l>Ta B TeKCTOBhIX pe,u;aKTopax MO::>KHO HCllOJih30BaTh CJie,u;yIOIUHe CTHJIH ero HaqepTaHHH: 110.JIY)ICHpHhIH, KypCHB, 110,u;qepKHBaHHe H coqeTaHHH '.3THX CTHJie:H. ,l1;JI51 ycTaHOBKH llOJl)')l(HpHoro HaqepTaHHH HCllOJih3yIOTC51 11apHhie T'.3rn <b> (TeKCT)</b>' JJ:JI5I YCTaHOBKH KYPCHBHOfO - <i> (TeKCT)</i>' a JJ:JI5I 110,u;qepKHBaHHH - <u> (TeKCT)</u>. KpoMe Toro, MO)l{HO TeraMH <tt> (TeKCT)</tt> 3a,uaTh CTHJih HaqepTaHHH TeJieTaHllHOfO BH,u;a. IlpH pa3MeTKe MOfYT HCllOJih30BaThC51 BJIO)l(eHHhie '.3JieMeHThl BH,u;a, Ha11pHMep: <b><i >(TeKcT)</i ></b>. TaKaR JJ:HpeKTHBa Ko,u;a 03HaqaeT, qro TeKCT, paCllOJIO)l(eHHhIH Me:x<;ey TeraMH<b><i > H </i ></b> ,6y,u;eT Ha11eqaTaH llOJiyxlfpHhIM (T'.3f <b>) KypCHBHhIM (T'.3f <i>) IIIPH<l>TOM. B ,u;aHHOM llPHMepe T'.3fH <i> ... </i> BJIO)l(eHhl B T'.3fH <b> ... </b>. CoBpeMeHHhie 6poy3eph1 c11oco6HhI 11paBHJihHO o6pa6aTurnaTh BJIO)l(eHHhie T'.3rn. Il0'.3TOMY llPH <PopMaTHpOBaHHH TeKCTa He06XO,U:HMO CJie,U:HTh 3a TeM, qT06hI He HapyrnaJICH 110p5I,Il;OK BJIO)l(eHHH, HHaqe pa60Ta 6poy3epa 6y,u;eT 3aTPYJJ:HeHa. Ha11pHMep, 3a11HCh <b><i> ... </ b></i> 6y,u;eT He11paBHJihHOH. Co6JI10,u;eHHe BJIO)l(eHHOCTH - oqeHh Ba::>KHaR qacTh 11paBHJI Ha11HcaHHH HTML-Ko;m. PaccMOTPHM T'.3rn, 1103BOJIHIOIUHe MeHHTh BhICOTY IIIPH<l>Ta. ,l1;JIH YBeJIWieHHH pa3Mepa IIIPH<l>Ta 11pHMeH5IIOT cJie,u;yIOIUHe T'.3rn:

295

<big>(TeKCT)<jbig>; <font arpu:6yr>(TeKcT)</font>. ATpu:6yroM T3ra <font> HBIDleTcH napaMeTp size co JHaqeHHHMH OT 1 .n;o 7. Ilpu: 3TOM 3HaqeHHe 1 COOTBeTCTByeT MHHHMa.JlbHOMY pa3Mepy rnpmtyra, a JHaqeHu:e 7 - MaKCHMa.JibHOMY. B KaqecTBe JHaqeHHH aTpH6yra size MO)l{}{O TaIOKe HCnOJib30BaTb qu:c11a OT 1 .n;o 7 co 3HaKOM nmoc HJIH MHffYC. B 3TOM cnyqae pa3Mep rnpmtyra coOTBeTCTBeHHO yse11u:qu:BaeTcH HJIH YMeHhrnaeTCH no cpaBHeHHIO c u:cxo.n;HbIM. Hanpu:Mep, T3rH <font size=+ l> ... </font> yse11u:qu:Ba10T paJMep rnpmpTa no cpaBHeHHIO c TeKYlliHM Ha OJ:{HH nopH.n;OK. Ami }'Kll33HIDI 1..1,Be'ra reKcra, orpaHHqeHHoro T3raMH <font> ... </font>, MO:>KeT HCnOJib30BaTbCH TaIOKe aTpH6yr color. )],JUI YMeHbrneHHH pa3Mepa rnpu:qna npu:MeHHIOT T3rH <small> (TeKcT)</small> /. 513bIK HTML .n;onycKaeT .n;Ba no.n;xo.n;a K rnpmpTOBOMY o<t>opMJieHHIO <t>parMeHTOB TeKcTa: • c npHMeHeHHeM T3fOB, HBHO ~bIBaIOm;HX Ha HaqepTaHHe rnpw<t>Ta, Hanpu:Mep <b> ... <jb>; • c npu:MeHeHHeM 11oru:qeCKHX CTHJieM. Ilpu: HCnOJib30BaHHH BTOporo cnoco6a llIPH<l>TOBOfO o<t>opMJieHHH <t>parMeHT TeKCTa Heo6xo.n;HMO noMeTHTb COOTBeTCTBYJOIUHMH JIOfHqecKHMH T3faMH KaK HMeIOIUHM HeKHM, OTJIHqHbIM OT HOpMa.JibHOfO, 11oru:qecKH:H CTHJib, npe.n;ocTaBHB BbIIlOJIHeHHH HHTepnpeTaUHH 3TOfO CTHIDI 6poy3epy. TaKHM o6pa30M, 11oru:qecKH:H CTHJib YKaJbrnaeT po11b KaKOfO-JIH6o TeKCTOBOro <t>parMeHTa, Hanpu:Mep ero 60JlbllIYJO 3Haqu:MOCTb no cpaBHeHHIO c 06b1qHbIM TeKCTOM HJIH TO, qTO OH HBIDleTCH UHTaTOM. )],JUI JIOTH:qeCKOfO BbI.n;eJieHHH TeKCTa npHMeHHIOT c11e.n:YJOmHe T3rn: <dfn>(C110Bo)</dfn> - .n;IDI BbI.n;eJieHHH CJIOBa (06bI'lHO KYPCHBOM); <em>(TeKCT)</em> - .n;IDI BbI.n;eJieHHH CJIOB H ycHJieHHH (KYPCHBOM); <cite>(TeKCT)</cite> - .n;IDI BbI.n;eJieHHH HaJBaHHM KHHr, <l>HJibMOB, cneKTaKJie:U H T. .n;. (KYPCHBOM); <code> ... </code> - .n;IDI Bb1.n;e11eHHH <t>parMeHTOB Ko.n;a nporpaMM (rnpu:<t>TOM <l>HKCHPOBaHHOM TOJIIUHHbI); <kbd> ... </kbd> - .n;JIH TeKCTa, KOTOpbIM nOJib30BaTeJib):{OJl)l(eH BBeCTH c KJiaBu:azypbI (B paJJiu:qHbIX 6poy3epax Mo:>KeT oro6paxaTbCH pa3HbIMH llipH$TaMH); <samp> ... </samp> - .n;IDI oTo6paxeHHH coo6meHw:H nporpaMM (rnpu:<t>TOM <l>HKCHPOBaHHOM llIHPHHbI); <strong> ... </strong> - .n;IDI BbI.n;eJieHHH oco6o Ba)l{}{bIX <t>parMeHTOB (o6bNHO noJIY)i(HpHbIM HaqepTaHHeM); <var> ... </var> - .n;IDI YKaJaHHH Toro, qTo qacTh reKcTa HJIH c11oao HBJIHeTCH CHMBOJlbHOM nepeMeHHOM, T. e. TeKCTOM, KOTOpblM MO:>KeT 6bITb JaMeHeH pa3JIH:qHbIMH Bblpa:>KeHHHMH (KYPCHBOM).

296

.sl3bIK HTML 4.0 rrpe.llJlaraeT 6oJiee rrporpeccHBHbIM crroco6 yx:aJaHHH CTHJieM TeKCTa H .n;pyrmc 3JieMeHTOB - c IIOMOIUbIO crreUHaJibHOro H3bIKa KaCKa.D;HbIX Ta6JIHU CTHJieil: CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). Ta6JIHUbI CTHJieil: - 3TO 6oJihlllOe .n;ocTIDKeH:ue a o6Jiacrn: Web-.n;:u3aiftta, pacrn:up.s110mee B03MO)KHOCTH y.rryqrneHHH BHernHero BH,IJ;a cTpaHHU. Ta6JIHUbl CTHJieM yrrpoma10T orrpe.n;eJieHHe HHTepBaJIOB Mex.ny CTpOKaMH, OTCTyrrOB, UBeTa, HCIIOJib3yeMblX TeKCTa H cpotta, pa3Mepa H CTHJIH lllpHcpTOB H T. )];. CTHJlb 6oJiblllHHcma 3JieMeHTOB HTML MoxeT orr:ucbIBaTbCH c rroMOIUblO aTp:u6yrn style, pacrroJiara10meroc.s1 BttyTpH OTKpbrnaiomero T3ra. B Kaqecme 3HaqeHHH 3Toro aTp:u6yrn :ucrroJib3YJOTCH rrapbI BH,IJ;a «CBOMCTBO: 3HaqeHHe». Hanp:uMep, ao cpparMeHTe Ko.n;a <hl style = «color: blue»>, on:ucbrna10mero 3aroJioaoK pa3.n;eJia, aTpH6YT style = «color: blue» onpe.n;eJIHeT, qTo caoil:cTBO color (uaeT) HMeeT 3HaqeHHe blue (CHHHM), T.e. TeKCT 3afOJIOBKa nepaoro YPOBHH JJ;OJl)l(eH OT06paxaTbCH CHHHM UBeTOM. PacCMOTpHM, KaK c IIOMOIUbIO H3bIKa KaCKa.D;HbIX Ta6JIHU CTHJieM yKa3blBaeTCH CTHJlb TeKCTOBOfO cpparMeHTa. ,[L1IH yKa3aHHH TOJIIUHHbl lllpHcpTa HCIIOJib3yeTCH CBOMCTBO fontweight co 3HaqeHHHMH lighter (TOHKHM), bold (IIOJIY)l(HpHbIM), bolder ()l{HpHbIM). ,[L1IH 3a.D;aHHH KYPCHBHOfO HaqepTaHHH TeKCTa npHMeH.HeTCH CBOMCTBO font-style co 3HaqeHHeM italic, T. e. JJ;JIH npH,IJ;aHHH TeKCTY IIOJIY)l{HpHoro KYPCHBHOfO HaqepTaHHH, CJie.n;yeT aTpH6YT style onpe.n;eJIHTb cJie.D;YJOIUHM o6pa3oM: style= «font-weight: bold; font-style: italic». Caoil:cma MOfYT pacrroJiaraTbCH B JI1060M nop.HJJ;Ke :u 06.s13aTeJibHO pa3.n;eJIHIOTCH TOqKOM c 3aIIHTOM. EcJIH Tpe6yeTCH yx:a3aTb pa3Mep rnp:ucprn, cJie.n;yeT aocnoJib30BaTbc.s1 CBOMCTBOM font-size, 3HaqeHHH KOToporo MO)KHO yKa3aTb B OTHOCHTeJibHblX HJIH a6COJilOTHbIX e.n;HHHUax. 0THOCHTeJibHble e.n;HHHUbl - 3TO npoueHTbl, a B KaqecTBe a6coJIIOTHblX MOfYT HCIIOJib30BaTbCH nyHKTbl (pt), IIHKCeJibl (px), caHTHMeTpbl (cm), MHJIJIHMeTpbl (mm). Hanp:uMep: style= «font-size: 200 %»; style= «font-size: 16pt»; style= «font-size: lOOpx». YKa3blBa.sI a6COJilOTHbie, a He OTHOCHTeJibHbie pa3Mepbl np:u rrpoCMOTpe TeKCTa B 6poy3epe, MO)KHO H3MeHHTb pa3Mepbl rnp:ucpTa c IIOMOIUblO ero KOMaHJJ;, T.e. np:u 3a,n;aHHH pa3Mepa a npouemax rnp:ucpT 6y.n;eT COOTBeTCTBeHHO MeHbIIIe HJIH 60JibIIIe Ha 3TO q:ucJio npoueHTOB, qeM np:u ocpopMJieHHH ero c noMOIUbIO HTML-T3ra no )'MO]lqaHHlO. CJie.n;oaaTeJibHo, H3bIK HTML no3BOJIHeT :ucnoJib30BaTb pa3Hbie cnoco6bl cTHJieaoro ocpopMJieHHH TeKcTa, T. e. np:uMepHo TaKHe xe, KaKHe npe.n;ocTaBJIHlOTCH TeKCTOBbIMH pe.n;aKTopaM. B cTaHJJ;apTHOM H3b1Ke HTML (6e3 np:uMeHeHHH Ta6JIHU CTHJieil:) JJ;JIH npHCBOeHHH TeKCTY onpe.n;eJieHHbIX CBOMCTB (pa3Mepa, IIOJIOXeHHH Ha CTpaH:uue) npmco.n;HTCH OIIHCbIBaTb 3TH CBOMCTBa JJ;JIH Ka)KJJ;O-

297

ro <t>parMeHTa TeKCTa, ;:i:axe ecJUf Ha O.ll;HOH CTpaHHI.J,e HMeeTCH MHOfO <t>parMeHTOB c O.ll;HHaKOBhIMH CTHJIHMH o<t>opMJieHHH. IlpH 3TOM, ecTeCTBeHHO, ysenwrnsaeTCH pa3Mep <t>a:HJia H speMH ero JarpyJKH HJ ceTH. JilCIIOJihJOBaHHe Ta6JIHI.I, CTHJie:H 6onee y;:i:o6HO H 3KOHOMH'IHO, TaK KaK .ll;JIH IIpH.ll;aHHH KaKOMY-JIH6o <t>parMeHTY TeKCTa orrpe;:i:eJieHHhIX xapaKTepHCTHK He06XO.ll;HMO O.ll;HH pa3 OIIHCaTb ero CBOHCTBa H orrpe;:i:eJIHTh 3TO OIIHCaHHe KaK CTHJih, a B .ll;aJibHe:HllieM rrpOCTO yKaJbIBaTh, qTO <t>parMeHT' KOTOpbIH CJie.ll;yeT o<t>opMHTh aHaJIOfH'IHhlM o6paJOM, ;:i:oJDKeH rrpHHHTh CBOHCTBa yxe orrHcattttoro CTIDIH. Mo)l{}{o coxpaHHTh OIIHCaHHe CTHJIH He B TeKCTe Web-cTpaHHI.l,hl, a B OT)l;eJibHOM <t>a:HJie, qTo IIOJBOJIHeT HCIIOJihJOBaTb 3TO OIIHCaHHe Ha mo60M qHcJie WebCTpaHHI.J,, a cne;:i:osaTeJihHO, H HJMeHHTh CTHJih o<t>opMJieHHH mo6oro qHcJia CTpaHHI.J,, HCIIpaBHB ero OIIHCaHHe JIHlllh B O.ll;HOM <t>a:HJie.

BcTaBKa pacymme.

Ha KaJKAYID Web-crpaHHI.J,y MO)l{}{O rroMeCTHTh

mo6oe qHCJIO pHCyttKOB, HCIIOJihJYH fOTOBbie rpa<t>HqecKHe HJ06pa)l(eHHH HJIH COJ.ll;aBaH HX. JilJo6paxeHHH, KOTOph1e Heo6xo;:i:HMO pa3MeCTHTh Ha Web-crpaHHI.J,ax, .ll;OJl)l{}{bl 6b1Th B TaKOM rpa<t>H11eCKOM <t>opMaTe, KOTOphIH IIO.ll;;:i:ep)l(HBaeTCH 6poyJepoM. CrnH,!1,apTHhie <t>opMaThI Web-rpa<t>HKH GIF, JPG H PNG. PaJMephI HX <t>a:HJioB MHHHMaJihHhI rro cpaBHeHHIO c <t>a:HJiaMH ;:i:pymx <t>opMaToB.

,[(ml

BCTaBKH rpa<t>H11eCKOfO <t>a:HJia npHMeHHeTCH O.ll;HHOqHhIH T3f

<img> c aTpH6YTOM src. 3HaqeHHe aTpH6yra yKa3bIBaeT noJIHOe HMH <t>a:HJia HJIH ero a.ll;pec B HHTepHeTe.

,[(ml

Bbl.ll;eJieHHH BCTaBJieHHOfO pHCyttKa paMKOH CJiyxHT arpH6YT

border=. co JHaqeHHHMH 1,

H ;:i:p., Ja.ll;aIOII.l,HMH TOJIII.l,HHY JIHHHH

paMKH B nHKCeJiax. TaKHM o6paJoM, qT06h1 BCTaBHTh pucyttoK HJ <t>a:HJia Ha crpaHHI.J,y H noMeCTHTh ero B paMKY, Heo6xo;:i:HMO COCTaBHTh CJie.ll:YIOII.l,}'IO .ll;HpeKTHBy: <img src = (HMH <t>a:HJia) border= 1>. EcJIH rpe6yeTCH paJMeCTHTh pHCYffOK Ha crpaHHI.J,e, T. e. BhipOBHHTh ero no I.J,eHTpy, npaBOMY HJIH JieBOMY KpaIO, rrpHMeHHIOTCH COOTBeTCTB}'IOII.l,He rem, OIIHCaHHbie pattee. TaK, HanpHMep, ;:i:HpeKTHBa HTML .ll;JIH paJMeII.1,eHHH pHCyttKa no I.J,eHTpy )l;OJl)l{}{a BhlfJIH.ll:eTh CJieAYIOII.1,HM

o6paJoM: <center><img src = (HMH <t>a:HJia) border= 1></center>.

BcTaBKa nmepcchlJioK.

TaK KaK HTML OJHaqaeT «HJhIK paJMeTKH

rHnepTeKCTa», BCnOMHHM, qTO xe TaKoe rHnepTeKcT?

OTJIHqHe OT npocToro TeKCTa, KOTOphIH, KaK npaBHJIO, Mhl qH-

TaeM TOJihKO OT Haqana K KOHI.J,y, rHnepTeKCT noJBOJIHeT OCyII.l,eCTBJIHTh MfHOBeHHhIH nepexo;:i: OT O.ll;HOfO <t>parMeHTa TeKCTa K ;:i:pyroMy. CnpasoqHhie CHCTeMhI MHOrHx nporpaMMHhIX npo;:i:yKTOB nocTpoeHhI HMeHHO no npHHI.J,Hny rHnepTeKCTa. IlpH Il.l,eJiqKe JieBOH KHOnKOH MhlllIH Ha HeKOTOpOM Bhl.ll;eJieHHOM I.J,BeTOM H no;:i:qepKHYTOM <t>parMeHTe TeKyII.1,ero .ll;OKyMeHTa -

rHnepTeKCTOBOH CChIJIKe -

rrpo-

HCXO.ll;HT nepexo;:i: K JapaHee onpe;:i:eneHHOMY ;:i:oKyMeHTY HJIH <t>par-

298

MeHTY .UOI<yMeHTa. Ha Web-cTpaHRUax rmiepTeKCTOBbie ccbmKH nrnpoKo HCnORbJYIOTCH ,URH nepexo.ua K onpe.ueneHHOMY <l>parMeHT}' TeKYIUeil CTPaHHUhI, cne.uyIOIUeil HRH n106oit CTPaHHUe cailTa HRH .uoI<yMeHTY .upyroro caitTa. ,UJIB Ja,uaHHH nepexo.ua no mnepcchmKe B HJhIKe HTML HcnonhJyIOTCH T3rH <a> ... </a> c aTPH6YTOM href, JHaqeH.ReM KOToporo HBAAeTCH a,upec nepexo.ua. B Kaqecme a,upeca MOXeT HcnonbJOBaTbCH HMH <Pailna .upyroro .uoI<yMeHTa HRH URL-a,upec. Ka)f(:,UhIH KOMnhIOTep, no,n;Kn10qeHHhIB K Internet, HMeeT CBOH YHHKMhHhIH a,upec, KOTOPbIH MOXeT 6bITb npe.ucTaBneH B qHcnoBOM BH,Ue HRH onpe.ueneHHbIM coqeTaHlieM CHMBOROB, Hanp.RMep www.mati.ru. ITocKORhKY Ka)f(:,UhIH KOMnhIOTep RMeeT co6cmeHHyIO YHMKMhHyIO CTPYKTYPY KaTanoroB H <PailnoB, TO H Ka)f(:,UaH Web-cTPaHRUa HMeeT cBoil YHlfKMhHhrn a,upec, HaJhmaeMbrn URL (Uniform Resource Locator - YHR$HUHPOBaHHhIH YKaJaTenh pecypcoB). KaK BH.D;HO HJ HaJBaHHH, URL MoxeT YKaJbIBaTb He TORhKO Ha Web-cTPaHRUhI, HO TaKXe H Ha .upyme pecypcbI Internet, HanpHMep FTP (File TransferProtocol npoToKon nepe,n;aqlf <PailnoB) - xpaHHRRIUa <PailnOB. B caMOM o6IUeM BH.D;e URL BKnJOqaeT B ce6H YKaJaTenh Ha npoToKon, KOTOpbIH npMMeHHeTcH ,U.IDI .uoczyrra K pecypcy (HarrpHMep, http, ftp H .up.) H CHMBORhHhIH a,upec KOMnhIOTepa B coqeTaHHH c HMeHeM KOHKpeTHOFO <Pailna B CTPYKTYPe KaTanoroB 3Toro KOMnhIOTepa. HanpRMep, URL-a,upec http://www.mati.ru/mati8/present.html COCTOHT HJ YKaJaTeAA Ha npOTOKOn http, KOTOpblH np.RMeHHeTCH ,UM .uocryrra K Web-CTPaHHUe, HMeHH KOMnhIOTepa (cailTa) www.mati.ru (cailT MATH-PITY), HMeHH KaTanora mati8 H <Pailna-.uoI<yMeHTa present.html, KOTOpbIH HaXO,UHTCH B KaTanore mati8. HJ cKaJaHHOro cne.uyeT, qTo Ka)f(:,UOH Web-cTPaHRUe cooTBeTCTBYeT cBoil HTML-<Pailn. 0,n;HaKo BO MHomx URL-a,upecax OTCYTCTByeT HMH <Pailna, HanpHMep http://www.microsoft.com. TeM He MeHee B oKHe 6poyJepa Bee xe nOHBAAeTCH KOHKpeTHaH CTPaHHUa. )l;eno B TOM, qTo a,uMMHHCTPaTOpb1 Web-cepBepoB MOrYT YKaJaTb Ha CBOHX yJnax HeKoTopb1e HTML-<PailnhI, KOTOpbie BhIBO.D;HTCH no YMOnqaHHIO, ecnH HMH <Pailna BURL He Ja,uaHo. 06bNHO 3TH <PailnhI HMeIOT HMH index.html HRH index.htm. Teneph paccMOTPHM, KaK coJ.n;aTb nepexo.u no rRnepccbmKe, HanpRMep, KaK coJ,n;aTb Ha cBoeil CTPaHRUe nepexo.u Ha cailT MATHPITY. ,UJIB OCYIUeCTBneHHH TaKoro nepexo.ua Heo6xo,n;RMO cocTaBHTh cne.uyIOIUYJO ,UHpeKTHBy: <a href= "http://www.mati.ru">ITpocMoTp cailTa MATH</a>. ,UJIB OCYIUeCTBneHHH nepexo.ua Ha OT,UeRhHhie CTpaHHUbl cailTa Heo6XO.UHMO B ,n;RpeKTRBe YKaJaTb TORhKO HMH 3TOH CTPaHRUhI, nplfqeM a,upec <Pailna cne.uyeT JaKnroqaTh B KaBbNKH, TaK KaK He Bee 6poyJepb1 MOrYT OTR.RqlfTb a,upec 6eJ KaBbNeK. B npRBe.n;eHHOM npRMepe npR IUenqKe MhlIIIhIO no TeKCTY Ha cTpaHRUe - ITpocMoTp caitTa MATH, BbI,UeneHHOMY UBeTOM, 6y,n;eT

299

BhIIIOJIHeH nepexoA K caihy MATH-PITY (ecmi: KOMnhIOTep noAKmoqeH K cen1 Internet). ,[(.ml nepexo)l:a K KaKOM}'-m160 $afuly Ha co6cTBeHHOM KOMnbIOTepe Heo6XOAHMO yx:a3aTb nOJIHOe HMH 3TOfO <t>afula ( c HMeHeM AHCKa Jf CTpYJCTYPhI nanoK). EcJIH AJIH nepexo.D:a no r11nepcCblJIKe 11cnoJib3yeTCH noJIHhiii URLa.D:pec, yx:a3b1Ba1011111ii Ha <t>aful B onpe.D:eJieHHOM KaTanore onpe.D:eJieHHoro KOMnbIOTepa ceTH, TaKaH CCbIJIKa Ha3bIBaeTCH a6COJIIOTHOH. EcnH AJIH nepexo.D:a no rnnepccbIJIKe HcnoJihJyeTCH HMH <t>afula Ha OAHOM H TOM )Ke KOMnbIOTepe, TO TaKaH CCbIJIKa Ha3bIBaeTCH OTHOCHTeJibHOH. Co3,llaHHe CIIHCKOB. KaK B n1060M TeKCTOBOM AOKYMeHTe, Ha WebcTpaHm.i;e Tpe6yeTCH o<t>opMJIHTh TeKCT B BM:Ae cnHCKOB, KOTOpbie 6hIBaIOT ttyMepoBaHHbie H HettyMepoBaHHbie. B ttyMepoBaHHoM cnHcKe AaHHhie onpe)l:eJIHIOTCH UH$paMH, a B HettyMepoBaHHOM - CHMBOJiaMH. ,[(.ml coJAaHHH ttyMepoBaHHhIX cnHCKOB B HTML 11cnoJib3yIOTCH T3rn <ol> ... </ol>, a AJIH C03)l:aHHH HettyMepoBaHHbIX cnHCKOB npHMeHHIOT Tern <ul> ... </ul>. Cn11coK pacnonaraeTCH Me)l(.!l:y TeraMH. Ka)l(.!l:hIH 3JieMeHT cnHcKa )l:OJI)l(eH Haq11HaTbCH c Tera < li>' KOTOpbIH MO)l(eT 6hITb OAHHoqHbIM, T. e. B KOHUe 3JieMeHTa cnHCKa AOrryCKaeTCH He }'Ka3bIBaTb 3aKPbIBaIOIllHH T3r </li>. HanpHMep, TeKcT, 0$opMJ1eHHhIH B BM:Ae <ui> < li> <l>H3HKa; < li> MareMaTHKa. </ui> 6y.D:eT BhlrJIHAeTb B 6poy3epe cneAyIOillHM o6pa3oM: • <l>H3HKa; • MaTeMaTHKa. Cn11cKH MO)l(HO coJAaBaTb KaK OTAeJibHOH Web-cTpaH11ueii, TaK H o<t>opMJIHTb BHYTpH Apyroro TeKCTa CTpaHHUbl. Co3,ll3HHe cllopM. IlpH HJyqeHHH CYE,[( Access (cM. rn. 5) Mhl AOCTaToqHo no)l:p06HO pacCMOTpeJIH TeXHOJIOrHIO C03)l:aHHH pa3JIHqHbIX <t>opM, KaK no KOHCTpYKTHBHOM}' o<t>opMJieHHIO, TaK H no Ha3HaqeHHIO. B 06111eM cnyqae <t>opMa npeACTaBJIHeT co6oii KOHCTpYKUHIO, coAep)l(aIIIyIO paJJIHqHbie 3JieMeHTbl yrrpaBJieHHH: noJIH AJIH BBO)l:a )l:aHHhIX; noJIH co cnHCKaMH, nepeKJ110qaTeJIH, KHOnKH yrrpaBJieHHH H AP· B HeKoTopoM CMbICJie COJAattHe Web-cTpaHHUhI MO)l(eT JaKJI10qaTbCH B pa3pa60TKe <t>opM (CM. PHC. 17.1). B HTML C03AaHHe <t>opMbI, KaK H n106oro 3JieMeHTa cTpaHHUhI, )l:OJI)l(HO HaqHHaTbCH H 3aKaffqHBaTbCH COOTBeTCTByIOillHMH OTKpbIBaIOillHMCH H 3aKpb1BaIOI11HMCH TeraMH: <form> ... </form>. B HTML-AOKYMeHTe He AOrrycKaeTCH BJIO)l(eHHocrn <t>opM, HO TeKCT H T3rn MOryT pa3Me111aTbCH BHYTpH <t>opMbl 6e3 orpaHM:qeHHH B npe)l:eJiax ee paJMepoB.

300

EcJI11 ,z:i:aHHbie 113 <t>opMbI nepe,z:i:aIOTCH no ceT11, TO OTKpbrna10m11:H T3r <form> ,z:i:oJDKeH 11MeTb o6H3aTeJibHbIH aTp116yr action, ycTaHarurnea10m11:H a,z:i:pec cepeepa, KOTOpb1:H 6y,z:i:eT o6pa6aTbIBaTb <t>opMy, HJ111 a,z:i:pec ee nporpaMMb1-06pa60T1111Ka. Hanp11Mep, ecJI11 coo6rn;eH11e, BBe,n:eHHoe B noJie <t>opMbI, 6y,z:i:eT nepe,z:i:aeaThCH no 3JieKTpOHHo:H noqTe, TO aTp116yr ,z:i:oJDKeH 11MeTb BM action="mailto:fed@ttport.ru". TaK KaK 11H$OpMau;HH B CeTb nepe,z:i:aeTCH no pa3HbIM npoTOKOJiaM, nporpaMMe-o6pa60'flll1KY Heo6xo,z:i:11Mo coo6rn;HTb cnoco6 nepe,z:i:aq11 ,z:i:aHHbIX. )lmI 3Toro np11MeID1eTCH eme OL1:11H aTp116yr Tera < form> method. TaKHM o6pa30M, ecJIH nepe,z:i:aqa ,z:i:aHHbIX npo113BO.D:HTCH no 3JieKTpOHHOH noqTe, Ter11, onpe,z:i:eJIHIOll.J;l1e <l>OPMY, 6y.uyr BblrJIHLl:eTb CJie,z:i:yIOll.J;l1M o6pa30M: <form action="mailto:fed@ttport.ru" method = post> </form> Pa3Mern;eHHe Ha <t>opMe TeKCTOBoro noJIH t(JIH BBo,z:i:a 11H<t>opMau;1111 np0113BO.D:HTCH c noMOll.J;bIO T3rOB <textarea> ... </textarea>. IloJie ,l(JIH BBO,l(a ,z:i:aHHbIX xapaKTep113yeTCH Ha6opoM CBOHCTB (CM. rn. 5)' KOTOpbie ycTaHaBJI11Ba10TCH aTp116yraM11 OTKpbrna10mero Tera <textarea>. 0,z:i:HHM H3 CBOHCTB noJIH HBJIHeTCH HMH, 11 ,l(JIH ero ycTaHOBKH CJIY)KHT aTp116yr name. Pa3Mepbl noJIH MOryr 3a,z:i:aBaTbCH q11cJIOM CTpOK, KOTOpbie MO:>KHO BBeCTl1, 11 qJICJIOM KOJIOHOK. )lmI 3TOro npe,UHa3HaqeHbl COOTBeTcTByIOll.J;He aTp116yrbl: rows (CTpOKa) 11 cols (KOJIOHKa-Cl1MBOJI). TaK, .u11peKT11Ba <textarea rows= 2 cols= 30 name= FIO></textarea> 03HaqaeT, qTo 6y.ueT co3,z:i:atto noJie c 11MeHeM FIO, B KOTopoe MO:>KHO BBeCTl1 ,n:Be CTpOKH M11HOH 30 Cl1MBOJIOB KIDK,llaH. ,[(ml BbillOJIHeHHH ,UeHCTBHH, HaIIPHMep, no nepe.uaqe 3HaqeHHH noJIH B ceTb, He06XO,l(l1MO C03,n:aTb yrrpaBJIHIOll.J;l1H 3JieMeHT - KHOnKY. YnpaBJIHIOll.J;aH KHOnKa ,l(JIH nepe,z:i:aq11 ,UaHHbIX C03,UaeTCH c noMOll.J;bIO O,z:i:HHO'IHOro T3ra <input> c aTp116yroM yrrpaBJieHHH type, npHHHMaIOll.J;HM 3Haqett11e submit (ornpae11Tb). Ha KHOIIKY MO:)l{HO HaHecT11 Ha,z:i:n11cb, t(JIH qero npHMeIDieTCH aTp116yr value, Hanp11Mep: value = "0TnpaBl1Tb". Co3,llaHHe Ta6JIHIJ,. LI.a CHX nop Mbl C03,n:aBaJIH Ll:OKYMeHTbl, B KOTOpbIX TeKCT pacnoJiarancH B o,z:i:Ho:H KOJIOHKe. Ha npaKT11Ke 11Hor,z:i:a 6bIBaeT Heo6xo.u11Mo BHeCTH TeKCT B HecKOJibKO KOJIOHOK. C.ueJiaTb 3TO MO:>KHo, co3,z:i:aBaH Ta6JI11U:bI, aHanOrffqHble Ta6;rnu;aM Word. KpoMe Toro, Ta6n11u;a, COCTOHll.J;aH 113 0,l(HOH j{qeHKH, noMoraeT 3$$eKTHBHO Bbl,[(eJil1Tb <t>parMeHT TeKCTa, Ha KOTOpbIH CJie,n:yeT o6paTl1Tb BHl1MaHHe ~TeJIH. B j{qe:HKax ra6JIHu;b1 y,z:i:o6Ho pa3Mern;aTu p11cyttKH H TeKCT. qaCTO Ta6JIHu;y np11MeIDIIOT ,l(JIH C03.D:aHHH noJib30BaTeJibCKOro MeHIO. KoHeqHo xe, ra6n11u;a tty:>KHa t(JIH oT06paxeHHH MH$opMau;1111 Henocpe,z:i:cTBeHHO B Ta6JIJ1qHQM BH.D:e. TeXHonor1110 co3,UaHHH paccMOTpHM Ha np11Mepe Ta6JIMU:bI H3 o.uHOH KOJIOHKH, cn~ameM: ,l(JIH C03.D:aHHH nOJib30BaTeJibCKOro MeHIO Ha

301

eTpam1ue Ka<t>e.n;pb1 eaii:Ta yqe6Horo 3aBe.n;eHMH (pwe. 18.2). KIDK,ll;aH eTpoKa 3TOfO MeHIO eo.n;ep)l{HT Ha3BaHMH qeMY y Hae yqaT eTpaHMU ea:HTa. HarnM rrperro.n;aBaTeJIM ~ e03.n;aHMH Ta6JIMI.J,hI Heo6xoJJ;MMO BbIIIOJIHMTb eJie.n;yIOrn;Me .n;e:HHayqHhie .n;oeTIDKeHMH eTBMH: CBH3M e rrpe.n;rrpMHTMHMM ~ OTKpbITb TeKeTOBbIH pe.n;aKTop RTIM e03JJ;aTb HOBbIH JJ;OKYMeHT )')ICe KaK rrpoBOJJ;MM .n;oeyr B OTKpblTOM pe.n;aKTope; f .n;e 6y.n;eTe pa6oTaTb ~ BBeern oeHOBHbie T3m, eo3.n;aIOII.J;Me eTpyicrypy JJ;OKYMeHTa. B 3aroJIOBKe JJ;OKYMeHTa YKa3aTh ero Ha3BaPHc. 18.2. IlpHMep Ta6JIHU:hI HMe, HarrpMMep Memo (Bb16op I.J,BeTa MeHlO <t>oHa M TeKeTa JJ;OKYMeHTa paeeMaTPMBaJieH paHee). Ilpe.n;eTaBMM 3aroTOBKY eTPYKTYPhI .n;oMeHa JJ;JIH eo3.n;aHMH rn6JIMIJ,bl: <html> <head> <title> Memo</title> </head> <body bgeolor =silver> <table> (OrrweaHMe Ta6JIMI.J,bI) </table> </body> </html>. Ilo.n;roTOBMB eTpyicrypy JJ;OKYMeHTa, MO)l(HO HaqMHaTb pa3pa60TKY Ta6JIMIJ,bl. KIDK,ll;aH Ta6nwua ttaqwHaeTeH T3roM <table> M 3aKattqMBaeTeH T3roM </table>. CTpoKM Ta6JIMUhI o6pa3YJOTeH rrapo:H T3roB <tr> ... </tr>, MelK,lzy KOTOpbIMM paerronaraIOTeH Tern <td>(CTpoKa TeKeTa)</td>. KIDK,ll;aH rrapa 3TMX T3roB 06pa3yeT eTpOKY eTon6ua. TaKMM o6pa3oM, Ko.n; HTML, orrMehrna10rn;w:H rn6nwey, rroKa3aHHYJO Ha pwe. 18.2, 6y.n;eT MMeTb eJie.n;yIOrn;Mii: BMJJ;: <table> <tr><td> 0 Harne:H Ka<t>e.n;pe</tr></td> <tr><td> qeMY y Hae yqaT </tr></td> <tr><td> Harnw rrperro.n;aBaTenw</tr></td> <tr><td> HayqHhie .n;oeTIDKeHMH</tr></td> <tr><td> Cm13M e rrpe.n;rrpMHTMHMM</tr></td> <tr><td> KaK MhI rrpoBOJJ;MM .n;oeyr</tr></td> <tr><td> f.n;e 6y.n;eTe pa6oTaTh</tr></td> . .[(aHHbIH KOJJ; Heo6XOJJ;MMO BBeeTM MelK,lzy OTKpbIBaIOII.J;MM T3fOM <body> M 3aKpbIBaIOII.J;MM T3fOM </body>.

0 Harne:H Ka<l>e.n;pe

302

Mb1 )'.)Ke OTMeqa.rr11, qTo 6e3 yi<:a3aHIDI aTptt6YTOB ITonoxeHIDI TeKcT BbipaBHHBaeTCH ITO neBOMY KpaIO CTpaHHUhI, qTo xapaKTepHO H ,WUI pacITonoxeHIDI Ta6n111.:i: . .[(ml H3MeHeHIDI pacITonoxeHIDI Ta6nHUbl B OTKpbIBaIOIIleM T3re <table> Heo6XO,ll;HMO 3a,ll;aTh aTpH6YT align= co 3HaqeHHeM, 3a,ll;aIOIllHM ITonoxeHHe TeKcTa B OKHe 6poy3epa (left, center ttnH right). Cq>0pM11poBaHHhIH paHee KO,ll; Ta6nHUhI He HMeeT pa3MeTKH, BhI,ll;enHIOIIlett OT,ll;enhHhie gqeH.KH, HO Ta6n11ua c BhmeneHHhIMH gqeH.KaMH BbffnH,ll;HT ITpHBneKaTenhHee, H 3Haq11TenhHO 3<l><l>eKTHBHee ITPH o<t>opMJieHHH MeHIO . .[(ml Bbl,ll;eneHIDI gqeeK Ta6nHUbl cne,ll;yeT B OTKpblBaIOIIleM T3re <table> 3MaTb aTptt6YT border=, yi<:aJaB B KaqecTBe ero 3HaqeHHH TOnlllHHY nHHHH paMKH B ITHKCenax, HaITpHMep border= l. B 3TOM cnyqae B Ta6n111.:i:e Bee gqeH.KH 6y)l;YT BhmeneHhI paMKOH c TonIllHHOH nHHHH B O,ll;HH ITHKCen. Pa3Mep Ta6nttUhI 06b1qHo ycTaHaBnttBaeTcH 6poy3epoM aBTOMaTHqecKH TaK, qTo6hI OT06paxa.rroch Bee ee CO,ll;ep)l(HMOe. 0,!J;HaKO MO)l(HO ycTaHOBHTb H <l>ttKCHpOBaHHyIO llIHPHHY Ta6nHUbl B ITHKCenax c ITOMOIIlhIO aTpH6YTa width=' ,ll;06aBHB ero B OTKpbIBaIOIIlHH T3r <table>. Tor,ll;a c yqeToM aTptt6YTa, Ja,ll;a10mero BhmeneHtte gqeeK, ,ll;HpeKTHBa 6y,ll;eT BhirnH,ll;eTb cne,ll;yIOIIlHM o6pa3oM: <table border= l width= 200>. IlpH HCITOnb30BaHHH ,WUI <t>opMHpoBaHIDI CTOn6uoB Ta6nHUbl T3roB <td> ... </td> ,ll;aHHbie B gqeH.Kax ITpe,ll;CTaBAAIOTCH HOpMa.JibHbIM IllPH<l>TOM H ITO YMOnqaHHIO BbipaBHHBaIOTCH ITO neBOMY KpaIO gqeeK. Ecntt Tpe6yeTCH BhmenHTh TeKCT B gqeH.Kax (HaITpttMep, JaronoBKH CTOn6uoB HnH CTpOK Ta6nHUbI), BMeCTO T3roB <td> ... </td> cne,ll;yeT ITPHMeHHTb T3m <th> ... </th>. B 3TOM cnyqae TeKCT 6y,ll;eT HMeTb ITOny)l(HpHoe HaqepTaHHe H 6y,ll;eT BbipaBHHBaThCH ITO UeHTpy gqeeK. B T3rax <td> H <th> ITPHMeHHIOTCH cne,ll;yIOIIlHe aTptt6YThI: align - ,WUI ropH30HTa.JlbHOro BbipaBHHBaHIDI CO,ll;ep)l(HMOro gqeeK ITO ueHTpy (center), neBOMY (left) H ITpaBOMY (right) KpaHM gqeH.KH; width - ,WUI yi<:aJaHIDI IllHpHHbl gqeH.KH B ITHKcenax; height - wrn oITpe,ll;eneHIDI BhICOThI gqeH.KH; valign - ,WUI BepTHKa.JlbHOro BbipaBHHBaHIDI ,ll;aHHblX B gqeH.Ke ITO BepXHeMY (top) H HH)l(HeMY (bottom) KpaHM H cepe,ll;ttHe (middle) gqeliKH. J.fraK, Ta6n11ua-MeHIO pa3pa6oTaHa, OCTa.JIOCb C03,ll;aTb CCbillKH Ha COOTBeTCTByIOIIlHe CTpaHHUbl caH.Ta. Arni JMaHIDI ITepexo,ll;a ITO mrrepccbmKe HCITOnLJyeM Tim <a> ... </a> c aTpH6YTOM href, yi<:a3bIBaIOIIlHM HMH CTpaHHUbl.

Co:maHHe MHorooKoHHoii C'rpa~ (cTPa~ c cl>peiiMaMH). 3Haq11TenhHO ynyqrnHTb BHeillHHH BH,ll; H <l>YHKUHOHa.JlbHOCTb caH.Ta MO)l(HO, HCITOnh3YH <t>peHMbl - 3neMeHTbl, pa3,ll;enHIOIIlHe 3KpaH Ha HeCKOnhKO OKOH, B Kax,ll;OM 113 KOTOpbIX OT06paxaeTCH CO,ll;ep)l(HMOe OT,ll;enbHOH CTpaHHUhl. 11cITOnb3yH TeXHonorHIO <t>peHMOB, MO)l(HO O,ll;HOBpeMeHHO 3arpy3HTh B O,ll;HO OKHO 6poy3epa HecKonhKO Web-cTpaHHU.

303

KIDK,LI;bIH <l>pei1:M HMeeT co6cTBeHHbIH a,n;pec, no3BOJUIIOJ.I.J;HH OT06pIDKaTb ero He3aBHCHMO OT .upyrHX <t>pei1:MOB, H co6cTBeHHOe HMSI, n03BOJUllOJ.I.J;ee nepeXO)lHTb K HeMy 113 .upyrHX <l>peHMOB. 3-rH CBOHCTBa no3BOJUllOT pa3Mem;aTb B O)lHOM <t>pei1:Me HH<l>OpMau:mo, KOTOpyro aBTOp C'IHTaeT Heo6XO)lHMbIM noCTOHHHO nOKa3bIBaTb noJib30BaTeJilO (JIOroTHn <l>HPMbl, Ha6op ynpaBllillOJ.I.J;HX KHOnOK, MeHIO H T.Jl.). nOMOJ.I.J;bIO <l>peHMOB MOXHO C03)laBaTb TaKXe OKHa 3anpocoB, B 3TOM cnyqae B O)lHOM <t>peH:Me 6y.ueT HaxO)lHTbCH 3anpoc, a B .upyfOM - pe3yJihTaThI 3Toro 3anpoca. ,[(Jrn OIIHCaHHH <t>pei1:MOB 11cnoJib3yeTC.s1 cneu:11anbHbIH HTML-<l>aHJI, B CTpyicrype KOTOporo BMeCTO Teroe <body> ... </body> HCnOJib3yeTCH napa T3roB <frameset> ... </frameset>. CTpyicrypa <t>aHJla c <l>peH:MaMH BbirJIH.llHT cne.uyrom;HM o6pa3oM: <html> <head> <title>(TeKCT 3afOJIOBKa)</ title> <frameset> (On11caH11e <t>peH:MoB) </frameset> </head> </html>. OTKpbrnaIOm;HH <t>pei1:M <frameset> )lOJl)l(eH HMeTb aTpHOYThI rows HJIH cols, KOTOpb1e onpe.ueJUIIOT cnoco6 pa3.ueneHHH 3KpaHa - no rop1130HTaJIH HJIH sepTHKaJIH. B Ka11ecTBe 3Ha11eHHH 3THX aTpHOYTOB HCnOJib3YIOT 'IHCJIOBOe 3Ha'leHHe BbICOTbl HJIH IIIBPHHbl <l>pei1:Ma B nHKceJiax HJIH npou:eHTax (oT 1 .uo 100 %). Hanp11Mep, ecn11 Tpe6yeTCH pa3)leJIHTb OKHO 6poy3epa no ropH30HTaJIH Ha )lBa paBHbIX no pa3Mepy <l>pei1:Ma, KO.U .uonxeH HMeTb BH)l: <frameset rows= «50 %, 50 %»>, B KOTOpOM 3Ha'leHHH aTpHOYTOB OT)leJUIIOTCH O)lHH OT .upyroro 3aIIHTOH. qTOObl pa3.uem1Tb OKHO 6poy3epa no BepTHKaJIH, HanpHMep, Ha )lBa <l>pei1:Ma llIHPHHOH 200 H 600 nHKCeJieH, cne.uyeT 3an11caTb: <frameset cols= «200, 600»>. 0.uHaKO <t>aKTH'leCKHe llIHPHHa H BbICOTa OKHa <t>peH:Ma 3aBHCHT OT TeKYJ.I.J;ero pa3perneHHH MOHHTopa, no3TOMY' ecJIH y nOJib30BaTeJUI YCTaHOBJieHO pa3perneHHe 3KpaHa, HanpHMep 1024 x 768 nHKCeJIOB (T.e. llIHPHHa 3KpaHa COCTaBJUleT 1024 nHKCeJia), MOXeT B03HHKffYTb CHTYaU:HH, npH KOTOpOH 11aCTb 3KpaHa MOXeT OCTaTbCH He3anoJIHeHHOH. B CBH3H c 3THM peKOMeH)lyeTCH 3a,n;aBaTb pa3Mepbl <l>pei1:MoB B npou:eHTax, T.e. TaK, 11To6b1 HX CYMMa 6bma paBHa 100 %. EcJIH see xe Heo6xo.u11Mo MH o.uttoro 113 oKoH YKa3aTu <t>11Kc11poeaHHbIH pa3Mep B nHKCeJiax, TO pa3Mep .upyroro OKHa MO)l(HO He YKa3blBaTb, 3aMeHHB ero 3Ha11ett11e 3Be3.UO'IKOH (*). B 3TOM cnyqae 6poy3ep caM no.u6epeT pa3Mep .llJIH BToporo oKHa. ,[(Jrn on11caHHH KIDK,LI;Oro <t>peH:Ma B OT)leJibHOCTH HCnOJib3YIOTCH O)lHHO'IHble T3rn <frame>' KOTOpble )lOJl)l(Hbl HaxO)lHTbCH BttyTpH T3roB <frameset> ... </frameset>.

304

06HJaTeJibHbIM aTPH6yroM T3ra <frame> HBJUleTCH aTIJH6yr arc, JHaqeHHeM KOToporo HBJUleTCH a,n;pec AOK}'MeHTa, HaxoAHm:erocH B AaHHOM <J:>pe:i.fMe. TaKHM o6paJoM, :uc110JibJYH TeXHonor:uro <J:>pe:i.fMOB, MO)l(HO coJAaBaTb HH<l>opMaTHBHbie Web-cTIJaHHU:hl. 0.a:HaKo He cne.a:yeT YBJieKaTbCH paJMem;eH:ueM 6oJihIIIoro q:ucna <J:>pe:i.fMOB Ha OAHOH CTIJaH:uu:e (He 6onee qeTbipex). Mb1 paccMOTIJen:u B o6m;:ux qepTax HJbIK paJMeTKH rn11epTeKcTa HTML :u re:xttonorn10 COJAaHHH Web-cTIJaHHU: )J)UI paJMem;eHHH B ceTH Internet .a:enoBoii HH<l>opMau::u:u, c11oco6cTByrom;e:i.f 3<J:><J:>eKTHBHOMY <l>YHKUHOHHpOBaHHIO 11pe.a:11pHHTHH, <J:>:upMbl HJIH yqe6Horo JaBeAeHHH. 0.a:HaKo COJAaH:ue Web-cTIJaHHU: cpe.a:cTBaM:u HJbIKa HTML Tpe6yeT xopoIIIero JHaHHH Bcex T3roB H AHpeKTHB 3TOro H3bIKa, 1103TOMY paJJI:uqHhle <J:>:upMbI pa3pa6aTbIBaIOT 11p:uKJia,n;Hbie 11porpaMMHb1e c:ucTeMbI, T. e. pe.a:aKTophI AJIH COJAaHHH Web-caM:ToB. KoHTponbHb1e eonpocb1

1. )lmi: KaKHX 11eneu pa3pa6ornH H3bIK HTML? 2. B KaKHx peAaKTopax pa3pa6aTblaaeTcH nporpaMMa Ha H3hlKe HTML? 3. Ilo'leMy npw pa3pa6oTKe nporpaMMhl Ha H3hlKe HTML Heo6XOAHM 6poy3ep? 4. qTO TaKoe wr? 5. KaKooo HaJHa'leHHe CJie.lJYIOl.l..UfX TiroB: <html>... </html>; <head> ... </head>; <body> ... </body>? 6. qTO TaKoe aTPH6YT? KaKHe aTPH6YTbI Bbl 3HaeTe?

rnasa 19 TEXHOilOrM~ nPMMEHEHM~

PEAAKTOPA FRONTPAGE

FrontPage OTHOCHTCH K rpynrre pe.uaKTopoB, rrpe.uml3HaqeHHhIX JlIDI pa3pa6oTKH Web-cTpaHHU H corrpoBo:>K,UeHHH WWW-y3JloB B ceTH Internet. Bee pe.uaKTophI .uaHHOM rpynrrhI HCIIOJih3YJOT MeTO.llhI «BH3Ya.JihHoro rrpoeKTHPOBaHHH» (KaK rrpM pa3pa60TKe 6a3 .uaHHhIX B CHCTeMe Access) H crreuHa.rrhHhIM H3hIK <t>opMaTHpoBaHHH .UOKYMeHTa HTML. CJie.uyeT OTMeTHTh, qTo Bee paccMoTpeHHhie paHee rrporpaMMHhie CHCTeMhI cPHPMhI Microsoft MOryT 6hITh coxpaHeHhI B <PopMare HTML. Alm co3.uaHHH Web-caifra BOBce He o6H3aTeJihHO 3HaTh H3hIK HTML. KoHeqHo, crreuHa.rrHcT .uoJDKeH HMeTh rrpe.ucTaBJieHHe o CTpYKTYPe xpaHeHHH Web-cTpaHHu;, HO rrpM 3TOM HeT Heo6xo,UHMOCTH 3anoMHHaTh rrpaBHJia HanHcaHHH 6oJibIIIoro qlfcJia T3roB H HX aTpH6YTOB. CrreUHa.JihHhie pe.uaKTOphl, OpMeHTHPOBaHHhie Ha BH3Ya.JihH)'IO pa3pa6oTKY caifTOB, II03BOJIHIOT npoeKTHpoBaTh cTpaHHUhI TaK xe JierKo, KaK H co3.uaBaTh .UOKYMeHT B TeKCTOBOM pe.uaKTope. Ha cTpaHHu;e MO)((HO pa3MeIUaTb TeKCT, Ta6JIHUhI, pMCyttKH, BH,lleOHH<l>OpMaUHIO, C03,UaBaTb CChillKH, HCIIOJih30BaTb pa3JllfqHhie HHTepaKTHBHbie KOMIIOHeHThl H rrpM 3TOM pa6oTaTh c Heif B pe)((lfMe WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get - qTo BM.llHIIIh, TOH rronyqaeIIIh), T.e. <t>aKTlfqeCKH B TaKOM BH,lle, KaK OHa BhirJIH.llHT B 6poy3epe. 06paTHM BHHMaHHe, qTo JlIDI co3,UaHHH H npocMoTpa Web-cTpaHHu; B pe.uaKTope FrontPage He Tpe6yeTcH .UByx nporpaMMHhIX rrpo.uyKToB TeKCTOBOro pe.uaKTopa H 6poy3epa, KaK npM HCIIOJib30BaHHH H3b1Ka HTML. KpoMe Toro, BH3Ya.JihHhIM pe.uaKTop II03BOJIHeT CKphITh BHYTpeHHee rrpe.ucTaBJieHHe cTpaHHUhI B <t>opMaTe HTML, qrn CYIUeCTBeHHO o6JierqaeT pa3pa60TKY H H36aBJIHeT OT IIOHCKa CHHTaKClfqeCKHX OIIIH 6oK. 0.UHHM H3 pe.uaKTopoB JlIDI BH3Ya.JihHoro rrpoeKTMpoBaHHH WebcaifTOB, o6Jia.uaIOIUHM Ha cero,UHHIIIHHM .ueHb HaBepHoe caMbIM IIIHpOKHM crreKTpoM B03MO)((HOCTeif, HBJIHeTcH rrporpaMMa FrontPage [<l>poHT Ileif.ux] KOMIIaHHH Microsoft, BXO,UHIUaH B COCTaB naKeTa MS 2000 Premium. Pe.uaKTop FrontPage co.uep)((HT 6oJihIIIOM Ha6op IIIa6JIOHOB H MaCTepoB JlIDI C03,UaHHH caMTOB no pa3JllfqHOM TeMaTHKe. Alm <t>opMaTMpOBaHHH TeKCTa MO)((HO HCIIOJih30BaTb Bee B03MO)((HOCTH, rrpe.uycMoTpeHHhie B ocHOBHOM CTaH,Uapre HTML, a TaKXe rrpMMeHHTh crreuHa.rrhHhie .UHHaMlfqeCKHe 3<P<PeKThI H aHHMaUHIO. Pe.uaKrnp HMeeT y.uo6Hble HHCTpYMeHThl JlIDI pa60Thl c Ta6JIHI.J;aMH, BCTpO-

306

eHHbie cpe.n;cTBa AJUI o6pa60TKH H306paJKeHHH, 1103BOillleT nerKO pa3Mern;aTb Ha CTpaHmi;ax pa3JIH'IHbie M}'JlbTHMe.n;Ha-o6'beKTbI: pMCyttKH, BH.n;eoaHHMaumo, JB)'KOBbie <l>parMeHTbI. Tecmm HHTerpauIDI c 11aKeTOM MS Office 110JBOIDieT oT06pIDKaTb Ha cTpaHHIJ;ax .n;oK}'MeHTbI MS Word, Ta6JIHUhI H rpa<l>HKH MS Excel, AHHaMH'IecKH 11onyqaTb .n;aHHbie HJ MS Access, HCl10Jib30BaTb H3bIK VBA, cpe.n;cTBa 11poBepKH op<l>orpa<l>HH H OKOJIO 60 fOTOBbIX TeM AJUI o<PopMJieHIDI CTpaHHIJ; ca:HTa. B FrontPage peanuJoBaHa 110.n;.n;ep)l(Ka coBpeMeHHbIX Web-TeXHonorn:H TaKHX, KaK KaCKa,uHbie Ta6JIHIJ;bl CTMJie:H (CSS), AHHaMwiecKHe 3<l><PeKTbI (DHTML), <l>pe:HMbI, aKTHBHbie CTpaHHIJ;bI (ASP), 3JieMeHTbI ActiveX u Java-aIIJ1eTbI. EcnH Ha Web-cepBepe ycrnHoBJieH 11aKeT FrontPage Server Extensions, 110HBID110TCH .n;o110JIHMTeJibHbie B03MO)KHOCTH 11pu C03JJ;aHMM CTpaHHU - <PopMbI 110MCKa, cqe'fllMKH 11ocemeHHH, ornaBJieHue ca:HTa H .n;p. TiporpaMMa FrontPage HBIDieTCH He TOJihKO pe.n;aKTopoM Web-cTpaHMU, HO H co.n;ep)KMT cpe.n;CTBa yrrpaBJieHIDI ca:HTOM (Ha11pMMep, cxeMY HaBMraIJ;HM 110 CTpaHMIJ;aM, aHaJIM3 ca:HTa c 110MOill;b10 pa3JIH'IHbIX O'flleTOB, KOJIJieKTMBttylO pa3pa60TKY, HaCTpOHKY Ha 011pe.n;eJieHHbie 6poy3epb1, 3arpy3KY ca:HTa Ha Web-cepBep 110 11poT0KoJiaM HTTP H FTP), qTo 110JBOIDieT coJ.n;aBaTb ca:HTbI pa3JIH'IHOro HaJHaqeHIDI TaKHe, KaK 3JieKTpOHHbie Mara3HHbI MJIM MrpOBbie ca:HTbI. K He.n;ocTaTKaM pe.n;aKTopa FrontPage MO)KHO OTHeCTH ero 11peMMYill;eCTBeHtty10 opMeHTaumo Ha 6poy3ep Internet Explorer (qTo Tpe6yeT 11poBepKM pa60TbI fOTOBOfO ca:HTa B .n;pyrMX 6poy3epax), a TaK)Ke HeKOTOPYID H36bIToqHoCTb roToBoro Ko.n;a HTML. Pe.n;aKTop oTcJie)KHBaeT H3MeHeHIDI B Ko.n;e CTpaHHU H yrropHO BOCCTaHaBJIHBaeT T3IB, y.n;aneHHbie Web-MacrepoM. C .n;pyro:H CTOpOHbI, 3TOT He.n;ocraTOK MO)KHO cquTaTb 11POAOJl)KeHHeM AOCTOHHCTB, 1103BOilllIOill;HX pa60TaTb c .n;aHHbIM pe.n;aKTopoM c11euuanuczy, He BJia,ueromeMY H3hIKOM HTML. Tpe6oBaHMH K KOMl1bIOTepy 11pM ycTaHOBKe H pa6oTe pe.n;aKTopa FrontPage TaKHe )Ke, KaK y .n;pyrnx 11PMJIO)KeHMH MS Office. 3arPY3KH ca:Hrn Ha Web-cepBep 110Ha,uo6HTCH .n;ocTyrr B Internet u Mo.n;eM AJU1 11epe.n;aqH .n;aHHbIX JIM60 CeTeBaH KapTa. 11pOBepKM CTpaHHIJ;, co.n;ep)Kaill;HX 3B)'K MJIH BH.n;eo, 110Tpe6yeTCH 3B)'KOBaH KapTa.

19.2. nonb30BaTenbCKlllM lllHTep<t>eMC peAaKTopa FrontPage BXOAMT B cocTaB 11aKeTa MS Office 2000 Premium, 1103TOMY ero MO)KHO 3arpy3HTb KaK OTJJ;eJibHO, TaK H BMeCTe c .n;pyrnMM 11pHJIO)KeHIDIMM MS Office. Tiocne Jarpy3KH pe.n;aKTopa Ha 3KpaHe 110HBHTCH pa6oqee oKHo 11porpaMMbI (pHC. 19.1). KaK H B n1060M 11pMJIO)KeHMH wrn Windows, B BepXHe:H o6nacTH OKHa paCl10JIO)KeHbI JarOJIOBOK c Ha3BaHHeM 11porpaMMbI, 3HaqoK CMCTeMHOro MeHIO M CTatt.n;apTHbie KHOl1KH AJUI CBOpaquBaHIDI H 3aK-

307

Puc. 19.1. Pa6oqee oKHo rrporpaMMhI FrontPage pblTIDI OKHa rrporpaMMbl. HIDKe HaXO,llHTC.sI MeHIO, CO,llep)Kamee KOMaH,llbl ynpaBJieHmr: rrporpaMMOH. Pa6orn c KOMaH,llaMH MeHio .llOCTaToqtto no,llpo6Ho paccMaTpHBa.rrach npH o63ope Bcex nporpaMM ttacTo.s:rmero yqe6HHKa. KaK H ,llpyrne rrporpaMMhI H3 rraKeTa MS Office, pe.n:aKTop FrontPage rro3BOJUieT oro6pIDKaTb wrn CKphrnaTb orrpe.ueneHHbie rratteJm HHCTPYMeHTOB, a TaK)Ke MeH.sITb Ha6op KHOIIOK Ha rraHeJIHX. B HIDKHeH qacTH pa6oqero OKHa rrporpaMMbl HaXO,llHTCSI CTpOKa COCTOSIHIDI, Ha KOTOPYIO BhIBO.llHTCH HH<t>opMaUHSI o xo,lle BbIIIOJIHeHmr: pa3lllfqHhIX KOMaH,ll. Pe,llaKTop FrontPage HMeeT rnecTh pe)l(HMOB pa6oThI .llJUI rrpocMoTpa H pe,llaKTHpoBaHHH MaTepHa.JIOB ca:H:Ta: Page, Folders, Reports,

Navigation, Hyper/inks, Tasks. Page (Page View) - pe)l(HM, rrpe,llHa3HaqeHHhIH .llJUI pe,llaKTHpoBaHIDI H rrpOCMOTpa TeKYIUeii: CTpaHHUbl ca:H:Ta. 3To OCHOBHOH pa6oqHH pe)l(HM, B KOTOPOM ,llOCTYJIHbl KOMaH,llbl BCTaBKH 3JieMeHTOB, <t>opMaTHPOBaHIDI TeKcTa, pa6oTbI c rn6nm1aMH H .n;p. B HIDKHe:H qacTH pa6oqe:H o6JiaCTH OKHa paCIIOJIO)KeHbl .sipJiblKH .llJUI BbI6opa BKJiaJJ;OK c pa3JllfqHbIMH crroco6aMH OT06pIDKeHIDI CTpaHHUbI. Ha nepBo:H BKJia,n;Ke Normal (06bNHbIH BH.ll) oro6pa)KaeTc.s:r co.n;ep)l(HMOe CTpaHHUbI, a TaK)Ke .llOIIOJIHHTeJibHbie JIHHHH pa3MeTKH, T. e. Ha 3TOH BKJiaJJ;Ke ocymecTilJUleTCH pe.n;aKTHpOBaHHe co.n;ep)KaHHSI H o<t>opMJieHHe BHeIIIHero BH.n;a CTpaHHUbl. Pe)l(HM rrpocMOTpa CTpaHH-

308

U:bI Ha BKJia;::t;Ke Normal )l;arree 6y)l;eM Ha3bIBaTb pe)fGfMOM pe)l;aKTHpoBaHIDI CTpaHHU:bl. Ha BKJia,u:Ke HTML crpam1u:a rrpe)l;CTaBJieHa B TOM BH.ll:e, B KOTOpoM oHa coxpaIDieTCJI Ha .ll:HCKe, T. e. B q>0pMaTe HTML. IlpH Heo6xo.ll:HMOCTH BHOCHTb H3MeHeHIDI HJIH )l;OIIOJIHeHIDI MO.)l(HO IIPJIMO B TeKCT. Ha BKJia;::t;Ke Preview (Ilpe)l;BapHTeJihHblH rrpocMorp) MO)l(}{O yaH)l;eTb, KaK Teicyll.l,aJI CTpaHHU:a 6y)l;eT BblfJlJl)l;eTb B 6poy3epe. B pe)fGfMe rrpocMoTpa rrarroK H <t>a:UJioa Folders (Folders View) ace CTpaHHU:bl, pHCyttKH H )l;pyrHe <t>a:UJibI, COCTaBJIJIIOIIJ.He ca:UT, rrpe)l;CTaBJieHbl B BH)l;e yrrop51,ll;OqeHHOf0 CIIHCKa, aHa.JIOfliqHOfO TOMY' B KOTOPOM OT06pa)l(aIOTCJI <t>a:UJibI B rrporpaMMe IlpOBO)l;HHK (Explorer): CJieBa BblBO)l;HTCJI CIIHCOK rrarroK, crrpaaa - CO)l;ep)fGfMOe BbI6paHHOH rrarrKH. B 3TOM pe)fGfMe MO)l(HO rrepeMemaTb, Y.ll:aJIJITb HJIH rrepeHMeHOBbIBaTb <t>a:UJibI Herrocpe)l;CTBeHHO B rrpou:ecce pa60Tbl Ha;::t; ca:UTOM. ,[(BOHHOH me]lqOK KHOIIKOH MbllllH Ha HMeHH <t>a:UJia CTpaHHU:bl OTKPbIBaeT ee )l;Jl5I pe)l;aKTHpOBaHIDI. 06bNHO <t>a:UJiy rnaBHOH CTpaHHU:bl ca:UTa rrpwcaawaaIOT HMJI index.htm HJIH default.htm. Pe)fGfM rrpocMoTpa Reports (Reports View) rro3aoJIJ1eT rronyqaTb H rrpocMaTpHBaTb CTaT~eCKYIO HH<t>opMau:mo o Web-ca:UTe H rrpoao.ll:HTb aHa.JIH3 c u:eJibIO BblJIBJieHIDI IIOTeHU:Ha.JibHbIX rrpo6JieM H OIIIH6oK, )l;OrryIIIeHHbIX rrpH ero pa3pa6oTKe. Pe)l;aKTop FrontPage rrpe)l;JlaraeT TpHHa;::t;U:aTb pa3Jl~HbIX orqeTOB, co6HpaIOIIJ.HX HH<t>opMaU:HIO 0 pa3Mepe ca:UTa, q11cJie CTpaHHU: H pHCYHKOB, He)l;OCTyrrHblX CTpaHHu:ax, pa30pBaHHblX CCbillKax, «Me)l;JleHHbIX» CTpaHHU:ax H )l;pyrHe CBe)l;eHIDI. B pe)fGfMe Hyper/inks B u:eHTpa.JibHOH o6JiaCTH pa6oqero oKHa oTo6pIDKaeTcJI cxeMa fHIIepTeKCTOBblX CBJI3e:U Mex;zy CTpaHHU:aMH ca:UTa, .ll:OKYMeHTaMH H pHCyttKaMH, c IIOMOIIJ.bIO KOTOpo:U MO)l(HO rrpocJie)l;HTb 3a BXOMIIJ.HMH H HCXOMIIJ.HMH CCbllKaMH )l;Jl5I Ka)l()l;OH CTpaHHU:bl. Pe)fGfM rrpocMoTpa 3a,u:aq Tasks (Tasks View) rrpe)l;Ha3HaqeH B ocHOBHOM )l;Jl5I IIJiaHHPOBaHIDI KOJIJieKTHBHOH pa60Tbl Ha;::t; rrpoeKTOM C03)l;aHIDI ca:UTa. B 3TOM pe)f(HMe MO)l(HO 3aIIJiaHHpoaaTb 3a,u:aqw, 3aKperrHTb HX 3a OT)l;eJibHbIMH pa3pa6orqHKaMH H CJie)l;HTb 3a XO)l;OM HX BbIIIOJIHeHIDI.

19.3. TexH011or111.R pa3pa60TK111 MaKeTa caMTa Ca:UT B rrporpaMMe FrontPage rrpe)l;CTaBJIJleT co6o:U COBOKyrrHOCTb HTML-crpaHHU:, pHCYHKOB, .ll:OKYMeHTOB H )l;pyrHX <t>a:UJioa, xpaIDIIIJ.HXCJI Ha JIOKa.JibHOM )l;HCKe HJIH Ha Web-cepaepe. 06bNHO ace <t>a:UJibI ca:Urn HaxOMTCJI B e)l;HHOH rrarrKe. HaJBaHHe rrarrKH cooTBeTCTByeT Ha3BaHHIO ca:UTa. Pe)l;aKTop FrontPage rro3BOJIJleT pa6oTaTh c ca:UToM KaK c e)l;HHblM u:eJibIM, T. e. OTKpbIBaTb, KOIIHPOBaTb, HaCTpaHBaTb

309

rrapaMeTpbl, a TaIOKe pe.naKTHpOBaTb OTJJ:eJibHbie CTpaHHU:bl H .npyrHe JJ:OicyMeHTbl, BXO,WIIIJ;Me B ero CTpyicrypy. Haq11HaH pa3pa6oncy co6cTBeHHoro caH:rn, MO)KHO B3.HTb B KaqeCTBe aHaJIOra y;Ke roTOBbIH ca:HT H HMIIOpTMPOBaTb ero M3 Internet MJIH c JIOKaJibHOro JJ:MCKa. C03JJ:aHM.H HOBOro caH:Ta MO)KHO TaIOKe BOCIIOJib30BaThCH rna6JIOHaMH c rOTOBbIMM rrpHMepaMH MJIH MacrepoM, )I.JUI qero Heo6XOJJ:HMO BbI6paTu KOMaH.D:Y Memo File* New* Web (<l>aH:JI CoJ.D:aTu Caifr). IlpH 3TOM Ha 3Kpatte 110.si:BHTC.H JJ:MaJIOroBoe oKHo New (HoBhIH caH:T) (pHC. 19.2). Ha BKJia.D:Ke Web Sites (Be6-caH:TbI) nepeq11cJieHhI roTOBhie rua6JIOHbI H MaCTepa )I.JUI C03JJ:aHM.H caHTOB. C IIOMOIIJ;hlO rna6JioHa One Page Web (OJJ:HOCTpaHMqHbIH caH:T) MO:lKHO C03JJ:aTb HOBhlH ca:HT c e.nHHCTBeHHOH rryCTOH CTpaHHUeH. IIIa6JioH Customer Support Web (CaH:T no.n.nep:xarn: KJIMeHTOB) no3BOJI.HeT C03JJ:aTb 6a30BYJO CTpYKTYIJY caH:Ta )I.JUI KOMTiaHMH, 3aHMMa10iu:e:Hc.si: pa3pa6oTKOH M pacnpocTpaHeHMeM nporpaMMHoro o6ecneqemrn HJIH IIOXO)l(eH .ne.si:TeJibHOCTblO (pa3pa60TKOH rrpO.nyKIJ;HH, OKa3aHMeM ycnyr M T.rr.). Ca:HT cocTOHT M3 HeCKOJihKHX pa3JJ:eJioB. Ha ero CTpaHHUax HMelOTCH rOTOBbie 3JieMeHTbl )I.JUI HaBHrauHM, IIOHCKa, 3aIIOJIHeHM.H <t>opM M 3arpy3KH <t>aH:JioB. IIIa6JIOH Empty Web (Ilycro:H caH:T) He co.nep)l(HT CTpaHHU M rrpe.nHa3HaqeH )I.JUI npoeKTMpoBaHM.H HOBoro ca:HTa c ffYJI.H.

,n.rnr

Opliom

iPocif.v the localion of the new web •'

Empty Web

...

jc:\M°"1AOK~b1\My Webs3

Import Web Wizard

·~l!IM>i!n!ll'lrfl'll\!'~;f!il1

Create ., new web with ., single blank

Personal Web

page.

Project Web

CE:]~

--------------------~28.8

~ ~-~..'.!~:J~ .

H•

<l>p

1l.!£J ~Jlo l

~<;( -~t>

NUM 1241

PRC. 19.2. ,ll;mmoroBoe OKHO BhI6opa ma6JIOHOB AJUI C03.llaHIDI HOBoro caHTa

310

IIIa6JioH Personal Web (IlepcoHaJihHhIH caliT) II03BOIDleT co3,n;aTh caliT JJ:IDI pa3Me111eHID1JIWIHOH11H<l>opMa:u;irn:. 06bl'IHO 3TO 11H<l>OpMa:U:IDI 0 co6CTBeHHhIX 11HTepecax 11 yruieqeHIDIX BJia,n:eJib:U:a, rro,n;6opKM <P0Torpa<P11li, Cill1COK 1136paHHhIX CChIJIOK Ha pa3Jil1qHbie pecypcbI B 11HTepHeTe 11 T. II. Illa6JIOH Project Web (Ca:HT rrpoeKTa) rrpe,n;Ha3HaqeH JJ:ID1 co3,n;aHIDI MaKern caliTa, OTpaJKa10111ero 11H<l>opMa:u;mo o pa3pa6oTKe KaKoro-JI1160 rrpoeKTa. B 3TOT rna6JioH BKJIIOqeHhI paJJIMqHbie rrpMMephI <PopMaT11poBaH115! TeKCTa, pa3Me111eHID1 pl1CyttKOB, C03,n;aHM5! BHYTpeHHMX CChlJIOK, pa3Me111eHM5! AOKYMeHTOB, C03.D;aHIDI 3JieMeHTOB 11011CKa .n;aHHhIX 11 3aIIOJIHeHM5! <PopM. MacTep Corporate Presence Wizard (MacTep co3.n;aHM5! Web-rrpe.n;cTaBITTeJihCTBa) 1103BOIDleT C03.D;aTb MaKeT Tl1IIOBOro ca:HTa JJ:IDI HeKOTOporo rrpe.n;rrp115!TM5! MJil1 opraHM3a:u;MM. B CTpYJCTYPY TaKOro caliTa BXOMT pa3,n;eJihl, OTpaJKa1011111e OCHOBttylO 11H<l>opMa:U:11IO 0 .n;e5!TeJibHOCTl1 KOMrraHl111, 01111catt11e rrpo.n;yKTOB 11 YCJIYr, CTpaH11:u:a HOBOCTeli, <PopMa 3aIIOJIHeHIDI 3a5!BOK, ornaBJiett11e 11 <PopMa 11011CKa 11H<l>OpMa:u;1111. MacTep Discussion Web Wizard (MacTep co3.n;attl15! Web-KoH<PepeH:u;1111) rrpe.n;tta3ttaqeH JJ:IDI c03.n;attID1 Web-<PopYMa - ca:Hrn, 110CB5!I11eHHOro 06cy)l()leH11IO orrpe.n;eJieHHOH TeMhI. B CTpYJCTYPY TaKOro ca:HTa MO)l(HO BKJIIOql1Th <l>OPMY pemcTpa:u;1111 IIOJih30BaTeJieH, <l>OPMY BBO.n;a CTaTeH, ornaBJiett11e 11 <l>OPMY 11011CKa, 11CIIOJih3Y5! 11p11 3TOM <PpeliMhI AJI51 pa3Me111eH115I 1rn<PopMa:u;1111 Ha ero cTpatt11:u;ax. C rroMOillhIO MacTepa Import Web Wizard (MacTep 11Mrroprn ca:Hrn) MO)l(l:IO 11MIIOpTl1pOBaTb roTOBhIH caliT c JIOKaJihHOro A11CKa MJil1 HaIIP51MYJO 113 Internet. TeXHoJior1110 pa3pa60TKM HOBoro ca:Hrn 11 B03MO)l(HOCTl1 pe.n;aKTopa FrontPage paccMOTp11M Ha rrp11Mepe c03,n;aHID1 Web-ca:Hrn JJ:IDI pa3Me111eHID1 11H<l>opMa:u:1111 0 Ka<Pe.n;pe 11HCTl1ryTa ( aHaJIOrWIHO 11p11Mepy co3.n;aHIDI rrpe3ettrn:u;1111, IIOKa3aHHOMY B rn. 3). Co3.n;att11e caliTa rrpoH3BOA11TC5! CJie.n;yIOIIIl1M o6pa30M. Bh16paB B c1111cKe rna6JIOHOB .n;11aJioroBoro oKHa New (HoBhIH caliT) 3HaqoK MacTepa Corporate Presence Wizard (MacTep co3.n;aHM5! Webrrpe.n;crnB11TeJibCTBa), HIDKaTh KHOIIKY [OK]. Ha 3KpaHe II051BHTC5! rrepBoe AHaJIOroBOe OKHO MaCTepa, co.n;ep:>Ka111ee TeKCT 0 ero Ha3HaqeHHH (p11C. 19.3). ,ll.aJiee CJie.n;yeT BbIIIOJIH5!Tb BCe YKa3aHIDI MaCTepa (aHaJIOrWIHO TexHOJior1111 HCIIOJib30BaHIDI MacTepoB rrp11 C03.D;aHH11 3JieMeHTOB 6a3 .n;aHHblX B Cl1CTeMe Access), T.e. HaJKaTb KHOIIKY [Next] (.l:J;aJiee). Ha 3KpaHe 1105!BHTC5! BTOpoe AHaJIOroBoe OKHO MaCTepa JJ:IDI BbI6opa OCHOBHhIX CTpaHH:U: ca:HTa (pHC. 19.4), B KOTOpOM rrpe,n;OCTaBJI5!eTC5! B03MO:>KHOCTb pa3MeCTl1Tb CJie.n;yI0111He 3JieMeHThI: • .n;oMaIIIHIOIO cTpaH11:u:y Home (required); • CTpaHH:u:y HOBOCTeH (What's New); • 01111caHHe TOBapoB MJil1 YCJIYr (Product/ Services); • CTpaHH:u:y c ornaBJieHHeM (Table of Contents);

311

- l!9

• ""'""'

•

l! II' •

1= •= $' r;c

Ci) •

.... A.. x

new_page_1.htm

Corporate Presence Web W1zafd

Thit wizard help$ you cre~e a presence fOf yoti COl'T4>«lY on the Wodd \Vtde Web. You wil be asked a a.enes of q.Ie$1ions .MxM}IOOI ~ 1'l1d lhe Uld of iiormalon ,SoO.& want lo pi'esenl YOIM answers lo theseqi.JeStions wi det6lmine the kind of web the """za..d createt fol .vou

PHc.

19.3. Haqa.rrbttoe OKHO MacTepa C03,D:amra Web-npe,D:cTaBHTeJibCTBa

- l!9 x

£1

Corpmate Piesence Web W1zmd

Yw web will be built arOU'ld the Home Page and a fewother~P*S

Select the main pages to i'lck.ide ii YQU' web:

J7.

Homef1eQ1.med)

\;'.hat., Now frodvcts/Setvtce..t

r r

Iablo o1 Coolent• FJIOdback F"m

r [i.<ch-f'Ol."J

PHc.

312

19.4. .[lHa.JIOfOBoe OKHO c

yKa3aHHeM OCHOBHbIX C'TpaHHU: caifra

- fJ x

The Home Page is. lhe entrance to your web. 11 •hould teH the re<!lder as: QUick/y as ponible whbt your company does and wtw can be lound r. your web. Select the topica yoo want lo a~ai on yo.a- Home Page

rvT~1~t~

P' .Mnsion Statement

eom,,.n,, P,ofje

C~act lnfonnabon

PHc. 19.5 . .LJ:mUiorosoe oKHo Bb16opa pa3,!l,eJIOB nepsoii CTpaHHU:bI caiiTa • <l>OPMY OT3bIBOB illIH 3aJIBOK (Feedback Form); • noHcKOBYJO <l>OPMY (Search Form). C6poCHM ace <t>nIDKKH, KpoMe Home (required) H HIDKMeM KHOIIKY [Next], Ha 3KpaHe IIOHBHTCH cne;::i;yio:w;ee ,ll;HaJIOfOBOe OKHO MaCTepa (pHC. 19.5), B KOTOpOM c IlOMO:W:bIO <t>nIDKKOB MO.)l(HO BbI6paTb ycJIOBHbie pa3;::i;eJibI ,ll;JIH rrepaoM: (;::i;oManrneM:) crpaHHU:bI caM:ra. Ha ;::i;0Marntt1010 CTpaHHU:Y MO)l(HO IIOMeCTHTb CJie.eyJO:rn;He BH,ll;bl HH<l>opMaU:HH: • BBe;::i;eHHe (Introduction); • cBe;::i;emrn o u:eJIHx (Mission Statement) H ocHOBHbIX HarrpaMeHHHX ;::i;eHTeJibHOCTH KOMIIaHHH (Company Profile) B HarneM rrpHMepe Ka<t>e;::i;pbl HHCTHTyra; • KOHTaKTHYJO HH<l>opMau:mo (Contact Information), HarrpHMep <PaMillIHIO, HMH H OT'IeCTBO 3aBe.eyJO:rn;ero Ka<t>e;::i;poH, HOMep ero TeJie<t>oHa, E-mail H ;::i;p. C6pOCHM Bee <t>nIDKKH H HIDKMeM KHOIIKY [Next], Ha 3Kpatte 110HBHTCH qeTBepToe ,ll;:UaJIOfOBOe OKHO MaCTepa (pHC. 19.6), B KOTOPOM MO)K}{O orrpe;::i;eJIHTb, Kairne 3JieMeHTbl 6y;::i;yr rrpHCYTCTBOBaTb B BepxHeH H HHJKHeH o6JiaCTHX Ka)l(,ll;OH CTpaHHU:bl caHTa. 3To MO)l(eT 6bITb noroTHII KOMIIaHHH (Your company-'.S' logo), JaronoBoK crpattHU:bI (Page title), ccbmKH Ha rnaBHbie crpaHHU:bI (Links to your main web pages), 3JieKTpOHHbIH a;::i;pec Web-MacTepa (E-Mail address ofyour webmaster), aBTopcKHe rrpaBa (Copyright notice), ;::i;aTa MO,ll;H<l>HKau:m1 crpaHHU:bI

(Date page was last modified). 313

r![.,._~'ifui'l

p P'

Page!~le

Ljnks lo your main web pages:

\Vhal should appti~ at the bottom of each page?

Lirik,t to your maW"i web P9S

t路mai: addlass ot your webmMlei

rc-Johtnotice P

Q01epage.,..ia.1m00hed

Pllc. 19.6. )l,mUiorosoe OK.HO Bbl6opa 3JICMCHTOB BepXHeH M HIDKHCH 0611aCTHX CTpaHMU: caH:Ta

OcTaBHM npe)l.JloxeHHhIH MacTepoM BapHaHT H OTKpoeM cne,uyro:w;ee ero OKHO, HaxaB KHOITKY [Next] (pHC. 19.7). IlepeKmoqaTeJieM No OTKpOeM cne,uyro:w;ee OKHO (pHC. 19.8), B KOTOpOM yx:axeM IlOJIHOe Ha3BaHHe opraHH3a1vm (B ;::i;aHHOM cnyqae Ka<t>e;::i;pbI), ee KpaTKOe Ha3BaHHe H a;::i;pec. 3TH cBe;::i;eHIDI 6y;::i;yr coxpatteHhI B nepeMeHHblX caH:Ta If MOryT 6bITb HCilOJlb30BaHbl B ;:J;aJibHeH:UieM Ha MHOrHX ero CTpaHHUax. Ilpo;:J;OJDKHB ;:J;HaJIOr c MacTepoM, B cne,uyromeM OKHe (pHC.

19.9)

BBe;::i;eM HOMepa renect>oHOB opraHH3aUHH If a;::i;pec 3JieKTpOHHOH IlO~bI. CHoBa HaxMeM KHOITKY [Next]. Ha 3Kpatte noHBHTCH JaKmoqHTeJihHhIH ;::i;Hanor MacTepa (Corporate Presence Wizard). IlpH HaxaTHH KHOilKH [Finish] (fOTOBO) MaCTep C03;:J;aCT MaKeT caH:Ta no yx:a3aHHbIM ;::i;aHHbIM If OTKpOeT ero. IlpH 3TOM B 3aroJIOBKe oKHa nporpaMMhI PAAOM c HaJBaHHeM noHBHTCH nyTh K nanKe caH:Ta. B 3TOM npHMepe MhI HcnoJib30BaJIH MHHHMaJihHbie B03MO)KHOCTH MacTepa H coJ;:J;aJIH MaKeT ca:H:rn c o;::i;ttoii .u:oMaUIHeif cTpaHHUeii. EcJIH yx:a3aTb Macrepy Ha He06XO,L(HMOCTb BKJIIoqeHIDI B COCTaB MaKeTa ,L(OIlOJIHHTeJibHblX CTpaHHU (HOBOCTeH, OilHCaHIDI TOBapoB If ycJiyr, <t>opMbl 3a51BOK H ;::i;p.), 6y;::i;eT 3anpollleHa ;:J;OilOJIHHTeJibHaH irnct>opMaUIDI, H qHcJio UiaroB MacTepa YBeJI:HqHTCH. )l(enaTeJibHO C03JJ:aHHOMY ca:H:zy cpa3y .u:aTb onpe;::i;eneHttoe HaJBaHHe BMeCTO npHCBOeHHOro no YMOJiqaHJ.UO.

314

,llml

:noro CJie;::i;yeT BbI6-

Mllf"6lweti authofslike to idently pages lhataien't quite limhed. Would you like to mark each unfinished P<9 in your web with the Undef Constfuction icon thown below?

PHc.

19.7. OKHo BhI6opa 3HaqKa Under Construction (B pa3pa6oTKe)

\llhatitthefll~of10'-'CCJmPMY?

jK~TeKHOnorMM~CTar1) What: rs the ~d verst0n of ttu name/

trnnMCYM

No<mal

HTML

i'teY,.!!'1!.

J.IJ

4aCTb 6 â&#x20AC;˘ Microsoft Word

PHc.

19.8. OKHo BBo.a;a Ha3BaHIDI H a,n;peca opraHH3aUHH 315

'C!'l;.'J ... II' •

'II

1= == !If t;t

1f(V. # • ~ ••

)(

The folowrig contoct infocm.~hon fot your~ will be~~toq1>9inYQC,.11web.

\I/NM 1~ ,ll04.K cort'l(>dl'ly'a !ele?hone ~?

j914·15-49 \llMI I:; ,llOIS COfT'IP«ll't F~ runbes?

J914·15-49 Who)! 11 tho e·mlli ~es.1 of yoc.i webmastef? fed@ttportru \rr/Mtrsthee-m.!licidi.t~=1or~ano1

fed@ttpoftru

PHc.

19.9. OKHo aeo.na KOHTaKTHhlX Te11e<t>ottoB HE-mail

paTb B MeHio rrporpaMMbI KOMaH.lly Tools * Web Settings (CepBHC * HaC'fPOHKH cai%Ta). Ha 3KpaHe rroRBHTCR ,ZUlan:oroaoe OKHO Web Settings (HacTpOHKH caHTa) c OTKpblTOH BKJia,llKOH General (06mHe), IIOKaJaHHoe Ha pMC. 19.10. B none BBO.D;a Web name (MMR caHTa) YKIDKHTe HOBOe HMR caif:Ta (a HarneM rrpHMepe TIIII H CYJIA) H HIDKMHTe KHOIIKY [OK]. Ca:H:T 6y.n:eT nepeHMeHOBaH, HaJBaHHe rranKH ca:H:Ta TaIOKe H3MeHHTCR. Bb16epHTe B MeHio KOMaH.D;y View * Folders (BH.n: * Ilanm) .n:JIR rrepexo.n:a B pe)l(}IM rrpocMoTpa rranoK H ¢>aitJioB ca:H:rn (pHc. 19.11). B rraIIKe caHra Macrep noMemaeT ¢>a:H:JI .u;oMarnHe:H: CTpaIIBUbI, o6bJllHO HMeIOmH:H: ttaJaattHe index.htm. KpoMe Toro, FrontPage coJ.u;aeT B rranKe HOBoro ca:H:rn .u;ae BJIO)J(eHHhle rranKH: images .n:JIR xpaHeHHR pHCYffKOB H _private .n:JIR xpaHeHHR CKpbITblX JJ;OKYMeHTOB. <l>aif:Jlbl H nanKH, IIOMemeHHble B IIaIIKY _private, He MOl)'T 6b1Tb npOCMOTpeHbl noceTHTeneM ca.M:Ta c IIOMOIUhIO 6poy3epa. B xo.u;e JJ;aJibHe:H:rne:H: pa6oTbl B JaBHCHMOCTH OT 3JieMeHTOB H cpe.u;cTB, HCIIOJib3yeMblX npH npoeKTHpOBaHHM ca:H:Ta, FrontPage MoxeT coJ.u;aaaTh B nanKe cauTa .u;oIIOJIHHTeJihHhie ¢>aif:Jlhl H BJIO)J(eHHbie nanKH. bOJlbllIHHCTBO HJ HHX 6y.u;yT CKIJbITbl, HO HX MO)l(HO yaH.D;eTb, OTKpblB naIIKY caif:Ta B nporpaMMe Ilpoao.n;HHK (Explorer). MO)l(HO coJ.u;aaaTb co6cTBeHHbie BJIOxeHHble nanKH B nanKe ca:HTa, HanpHMep, .n:JIR xpaHeHHR JBYKOBblX ¢>a:H:noa, aocnonb3oBaBrnHch .n:JIR 3Toro KOMaH,lloit MeHio File * New * Folder (<l>aitJI * Co3,llaTh * IlanKa).

316

- f!

'Web Setlmgs

lay hyperlinks here] F1on>Pq 5.,._ El!lenuous vel'u:m:

40 l2717

a9raiili ioi youriiome-iia9e et 111Vlte visitors to step in '

No telf't"ef cuuently ri use

8:.2()

PHc. 19.10. OICHo HaCTpOHKH ceolicTB caltra

nlPage

\MoM

llOKâ&#x20AC;˘jMf'tl'Tbl\My

W'ebs3

ModfiedB

PHc. 19.11. OICHo pe:lKHMa npocMOTpa nanoK H it>aibloe caH:Ta

317

,[(BaJK,LJ;hI rn;eJIKH)'B MhIIIIhIO Ha ct>afu:Ie index.htm B narrKe caM:ra, ycTaHOBHTb pe)l{HM pe.n:aKTHPOBaHIDI CTpaHHUbI H OTKpbITh .D:OMaIIIHIOIO CTpaHHuy caM:Ta (pHC. 19.12). lfraK, rrepe.n: BaMH rrepBM cTpam1ua caM:Ta, a ToqHee MaKeTa caM:Ta, co3.n;aHHoro MacTepoM. CTpaHHUa pa3.n;eJieHa nyHKTHPHOM JIHHHeM Ha tteCKOJihKO o6JiacTeM:. B BepXHeif o6JiaCTH Haxo.n;HTCH HaB11rau110HHoe MeHIO (Navigation Bar) - rpyrrrra CChIJIOK HJIH KHOITOK )lJUI rrepe-

B .n:aHHOM ~ae HaBHraUHoHHoe Memo co.n:ep)l{HT e.D:HHCTBeHHylO CChIJIKY [Home], IIOCKOJihKY B HallleM caM:Te IIOKa TOJihKO 0.l(Ha CTpaHHUa. HIDKe Haxo.D:HTCH 3aroJIOBOK (Page Banner) c Ha3BaHHeM cTpaHHUhI HoMe (,llJUI rrpOCMOTpa KOTOporo H)')KHO BOCIIOJih30BaThCH IIOJIOCOM rrpOKpYTKH). qT06hI H3MeHHTh 3aroJIOBOK, CJie.n:yeT JJ:BIDK.l(hl rn;eJIKHYTh Ha HeM MhilllhIO. 0TKpoeTCH .D:HaJIOroBoe OKHO Page Banner Properties (CBoifcTBa 3aroJIOBKa CTpaHHUbI), IIOKa3aHHOe Ha pHC. 19.13, B IIOJie BBO.n;a KOTOporo Page banner text (TeKCT 3aroJIOBKOB CTpaHHUhI) BBe.n;eM HOBhIB 3afOJioBoK (Kact>e.n:pa H CYJIA MATH-PITY HM. K. 3. I.J;HoJIKoBcKoro ). 06blqHo B KaqecTBe 3aroJIOBKa CTpaHHUhI HCIIOJih3YIOT Ha3BaHHe pa3.n;eJia caM:Ta, a )lJUI rrepBOM CTpaHHUhI - Ha3BaHHe caM:Ta HJIH KOMrraHHH. Ha)l<:aB KHOIIKY [OK], 3aKpoeM .D:HaJiorosoe OKHO Page Banner Properties (Cso:H:cTBa 3aroJIOBKa cTpaHHUhI), npH 3TOM HOBhIH 3aroJioBOK OT06pa3HTCH B BepXHe:H o6JiaCTH CTpaHHUhI. xo.n:a K OCHOBHhIM pa3.n;eJiaM caM:Ta H Ha coce.n:HHe CTpaHHUhI.

mrr

:~ M1c1osofl F1onlPage C \Mow AOJUJMetflbl\My \tlehs3

1!!1~13

X '

Home ---------路:路 --comi-iieiif Write-an lri!Tociuc!oiYiiaiii9iiiiiti loi your Fioi-iie-iiii9e-here. This-is 路1r1Ze file : {Edit the : properties; for this : Navigatio~ Barto : display : hyperlinks; here]

front door to your home on the Internet. Invite visitors to step in and have a look arou1

Our Ml搂slon

PHc. 19.12. )J.oMannum C'fPaHHua MaKeTa caiha

318

Page Banne1 P1opert1et Properlie:l'

fictta"e

f!j

<>lex!

Com front

me page here This 1s like thej step in and have a look arou1

~ ~ !--------

2Yr Ml~sion Comment: Write one or two short sentences that describe your company's philosopl and ambitions. Something like, 'To become the leading provider of ...'

PHC.

19.13. )1,HaJIOfOBOe OKHO WUI BBO,ll,a TeKCTa

Tio.u 3aroJIOBKOM cTpaHHUhI, a TaIOKe cneBa OT Hero pacnonaraIOTc.si: eme )lBa HaBHraUHOHHhIX MeHIO, KOTOpbie He co.uepxaT CCl>IJIOK, no3TOMY FrontPage BhIBO.llHT B 3THX MecTax rro.ucKa3KH 061>NHO KYPCHBHhIM rnpmpToM. HarrpHMep, ecJrn KaKoii:-Jrn6o 3JieMeHT He MoxeT 6bITb OT06paxeH Ha CTpaHHUe, Ha ero MeCTO BblBO.llHTCH KpaTKa.sl rro.uCKa3Ka, KaK MO)KHO c.uenaTb 3TOT 3JieMeHT BH,UHMhIM. B HH)l(Heii: o6naCTH CTpaHHUbI yi<:a3hIBaeTCH KOHTaKTHhlH a.upec H .uarn nocne.uHero o6HOBJieHIDI. 06JiaCTH no Kpa.si:M CTpaHHUhI, BKJIIOqa.si: 3aroJIOBOK CTpaHHUhl, HaBHrauHOHHhle MeHIO H KOHTaKTHbIH a.upec, rrpe,UCTaBIDllOT co6o:H TaK Ha31>IBaeM1>1e pa3.ueIDieM1>1e rpaHHUhI (Shared borders) H co.uepxaT o6lll}'IO HmpopMaUHIO .u.mi: HeCKOJihKHX cTpaHHU ca:HTa. B pe)KJ{Me pe.uaKTHpoBaHIDI Pa3.UeJI.sleMbie rpaHHUbI OT,UeJieHbI OT OCHOBHOfO co.uep)IGIMOfO CTpaHHUbl :rryHKTHpHOH JIHHHe:H. B ueHTpe pacrronaraeTc.si: ocHOBHoe co.uepxaHHe cTpaHHUhI. TipH C03.UaHHH MaKeTa ca:HTa c IIOMOIUblO MaCTepa CIO.Ua MOryT IIOMell.l,aThCH rrpHMepbI BhIIIOJIHeHllil pa3JIHqHblX 3JieMeHTOB: 3aroJIOBKOB, TeK-

CTa, CIIHCKOB, <l>opM H T.,U., KOTOpbie IIOTOM MO)KHO Y.UaJIHTb HJIH H3MeHHTb. MacTep TaIOKe BCTaBllileT Ha CTpaHHuY KOMMeHTapHH, KOTOpbie Bhl.lleJI.slIOTCH cHpeHeBhlM UBeTOM 11 HaqHHaIOTCH co cnoBa Comment. Mo)l(Ho .uo6aBID1Th KOMMeHTapHH, Kaca10m.1-1ecH oco6eHHOCTeii rrpoeKTHPOBaHIDI cTpaHHUhI, c rroMOIUhIO KOMaH,UbI

Insert

* Comment 319

(BcTilBKa * KoMMeHTapi.di) B Memo rrporpaMMhI. IlpH 3TOM KOMMeHTapHH He 6y,eyT BH,!l;Hbl B 6poy3epe. BhmOJIHHM HeKoropb1e HaCTPOi1xH, ornocffiU}lec.11 K CTPatt.uue B uenoM: ~ meJIKHyTh rrpasoH. KHOIIKOH MhIIIIH B mo6o:H o6nacTH CTPaHHUhI H B IIOHBHBIIIeMCH KOHTeKCTHOM MeHIO BbI6paTb KOMaH,IJJ' Page Properties (CBOHCTBa CTPaHHI.1,bl). IlpH 3TOM Ha 3KpaHe IIOHBHTCH llHaJIOfOBOe OKHO Page Properties (Cao:HcTBa CTPaHHUbI) c OTKPhITOH BKJia.n;KoH. General (06mHe), rroKa3aHHoe Ha pHc. 19.14; ~ B none BBOlla Title (3aroJIOBOK) YKa3aTb TeKCT, KOTOpbIH 6y.ueT IIOHBJIHTbCH B 3afOJIOBKe OKHa 6poy3epa npH npOCMOTPe CTPaHHUbl 11 KOTOpblH o6h~HO COOTBeTCTByeT 3afOJIOBKY CTPaHHUbl HJIH Ha3BaHHIO pa3.n;ena caH.rn; ~ c IIOMOIUbIO BKJia,rJ,KH Language (513bIK) BbI6paTb 113 CilHCKa H3bIK, Ha KOTOpOM 6y.n;eT pa3MeIUaTbCH HH<l>opMallHH Ha CTPaHHI1aX calf.Ta, T. e. B OTKpbIBIIIeMcH cnHcKe Mark current document as (IloMeTHTb TeKYIUHH llOKYMeHT KaK) Bb16paTb Russian (PyccKH:H). IlpH 3TOM YKa3aHHe H3bIKa llJIH CTPaHHUhI II03BOJIHeT BhIIlOJIHHTh aBToManNeCKYIO rrpoaepKY op<t>orpa<l>HH npn: aao.n;e TeKcTa; ~ HIDKaTb KHOIIKY [OK], qT06bI coxpaHITTb HaCTPOHKH H 3aKpbITb ,n;Hanoroaoe oKHo Page Properties (CeoM:cTea CTPaHHllhI). B pe.n;aKTope FrontPage HMeIOTCH HaCTPOttKH, rro3BOJIHIOIU11e ynpaBJIHTb coBMeCTHMOCThIO caM:rn c orrpe.n;eneHHhIMH 6poy3epaM11 n: Web-

Genei~

IM..gimj Cu•oml L.....,,..,.j \110/kg,..,J j"'"fio...,.,/l=IC..,. .IM,-""-----bl/M..,.,.-y'"'Wem.,-,.,31ondex...,.-,h<m,--

PHc. 19.14. Lbi:aJiorosoe OKHO .ll..1UI 3a,u.aHHH csoH:cTB CTJlaHHUbl

320

9 (ZjC:\MOMD.01<.~

93{3 ....ixfvate

~CJ"-

~ndedim

Enabled with Microsofl Fronl:Pege:Server f_)l.lens1oos

P' Aci~corl.100 P°l'IJSa.. 17 JavaScript P Javaappie!s

P' frames

rv css10 {fom..OlingJ P- css;:o !Po'1......,J P Active server.i;pages

f;1 Qyn.nic HTML

Puc.

es that describe your co e the leading provider c

19.15. )J;HaJIOrOBOe OKHO Hacrpoihrn CBOHCTB CTpaHJ.fll,bI

cepBepaMH, H OT KOTOpblX 3aBHCHT .UOCTYfiHOCTb p.sma KOMaH,U B MeHIO rrporpaMMbl. IlpoBepMM H ycTaHOBHM 3TH HaCTpOHKH TaK, qTo6bI o6ecrreqHTb ,ll;OCTYfiHOCTb Bcex KOMaH,U, ,ll;llil qero CJie,ll;yeT: => Bb16paTb B MeHio KOMaH,ll;y Tools* Options (Cepmrc * HacTpo:HKH CTpaHHU:bI), Ha 3KpaHe IIOHBHTCH .u11anoroeoe oKHo Page Options (HacTpOHKH CTpaHHU:bI), IIOKa3aHHOe Ha pHC. 19.15; => Bb16paTb BKJia.uKY Compatibility (CoeMeCTHMOCTb); => B OTKpbrna10rn;11xcsi: crr11cKax Browsers (Bpoy3epb1), Browser versions (BepcHH 6poy3epoe), Servers (CepeepbI) BbI6paTb rryHKT Custom (IlpOH3BOJibHbIH), eCJIH TaM ycTaHoBJieHbl ,ll;pyrHe 3HaqeHHH; => ycTaHOBHTb ¢lJiaJKOK Enabled with Microsoft FrontPage Server Extensions (BKJI10q11Tb IIOJib30BaHHe FrontPage Server Extensions) 11 ece ¢>naJKKH B rpyrrrre 3JieMeHTOB Technologies (TeXHonom11); => HaJKaTb KHOIIKY [OK], qTo6bI coxpaHHTb HaCTpOHKH H 3aKpbITb .u11anoroeoe OKHO Page Options (HacTpOHKH cTpaHHU:bI). 3aTeM MO)l{HO Haq11HaTb 0¢>opMJieH11e rrepeo:H cTpaHHU:bI c caMoro rrpOCTOro - BBO,Ua H ¢>opMaTHPOBaHHH TeKCTa.

19.4. Beo,q 111 <1>opMaT111poeaH111e TeKcTa ,unsi: pe.uaKTHpOBaHHH CTpaHHU:bl ee Heo6XO.UHMO OTKpbITb B pe)l(HMe pe,ll;aKTHpoeaHHH - Page. 321

TeXHOJionrn rrpou;ecca co3,D;aHIDI TeKcTa M ero cl>opMaTMpoaaHIDI rrpaKTM'leCKM HM'leM He OTJIJfllaeTCH OT COOTBeTCTByIOII.J;HX TeXHOJIOfMH, paccMOTpeHHhIX rrpM M3yqeHMM TeKcToaoro pe,D;aKTopa Word M pe,D;aKTopa PowerPoint. EcJIM rn;eJIKH}'Th MhllllhIO Ha TeKCTe KOMMeHTapIDI B u;eHTpaJihHOH o6JiaCTM CTpaHMU:hI, qTo6bI BbI,D;eJIMTh ero, M HIDKaTb KJiaBMIIIY [Delete]' KOMMeHTapw:H: 6y,D;eT y,D;aneH, a TeKCTOBhIH KYPCOP ocTaHeTcH B HaqaJie rrepao:H: cTpoKM. EcJIM ycTaHOBMTh TeKCTOBhIH KYPCOP Ha rrepao:H CTpOKe BBe,D;eHHOro TeKCTa M BbI6paTb B OTKpbIBIIIeMCH CIIMCKe Style (CTMJib) Ha rraHeJIM MHCTpYMeHTOB Formatting (<l>opMaTMpoaaHMe) KOMaH,D;y Heading 2 (3aroJIOBOK 2), CTpOKa 6y,D;eT OT$OpMaTMpoaaHa ,D;aHHhIM CTMJieM. Bb16paHHhIH CTMJih rrpMMeHHeTCH u;eJIMKOM K TeKyrn;eMy a63au;y. B cl>opMaTe HTML a63au: BhI,D;eJIHeTcH crreu;MaJihHhIMM TeraMM. B pe,D;aKTope FrontPage BBO,D; a63aua 3aaepIIIaeTCH HIDKaTMeM KJiaBMIIIM [Enter]. HoBhIH a63au acer,D;a HaqwHaeTCH c HOBOH CTpOKM, HO ecJIM Tpe6yeTCH rrepeHeCTM TeKCT Ha HOByIO CTpOKY BHYTpM a63au;a, ,ll;OCTaTOqHo ycTaHOBMTh B JIY)KHOM MecTe pa3,D;eJIMTeJih CTpOKM.

,[(JIH mo6oro cl>parMeHTa TeKCTa MO)l(HO 3a,D;aTb JIY)KHhIH IIIPMcl>T, pa3Mep, u:aeT, Me)l{CMMBOJihHhIH rrpoMexyTOK M ,D;pyrMe aTpM6YThI (HarrpMMep, rro~epKMBaHMe). ,[(JIH a63au:a MO)l(HO ycTaHOBMTh OTCTYII, Me)l{CTpOqHhIH MHTepBaJI, BbipaBHMBaHMe, rpaHMU:hI, U:BeT cl>oHa M ,D;pyrwe rrapaMeTphI. Bb16paa rroCJie Ha6opa TeKcTa M ero ct>opMaTMpoBaHIDI BKJIMKY Preview (Ilpe,D;aapMTeJihHhIH rrpocMOTp) B HM)l{Hett qacTM pa6oqe:H: o6JiaCTM OKHa, MO)l(HO yaM,D;eTb CTpaHMuY B TOM BM,D;e, B KaKOM OHa 6y,D;eT B OKHe 6poy3epa (pMC. 19.16). IlpM 3TOM Ha CTpaHMU:e 6y,D;eT BM,D;eH Ha6paHHhIH TeKCT, a JIMHMM pa3MeTKM 6y,D;YT CKpbIThI. qT06hI rrpMBJieqb BHMMaHMe K KaKOMY-JIM6o cl>parMeHTY TeKCTa Ha CTpaHMU:e, MO)l(HO rrpMMeHMTh 3$$eKT 6eryrn;e:H: CTpOKM, )J;JIH qero CJie,D;yeT: BbI,D;eJIMTh COOTBeTCTByIOII.J;MH TeKCT M BbI6paTb KOMaH,D;y Insert* Beryrn;a.s1 cTopKa). Component Marquee (BcTaBKa KoMrroHeHT

B pe3yJihTaTe Ha 3KpaHe IIOHBMTCH )J;MaJIOfOBOe OKHO )J;JIH 3a,D;aHIDI rrapaMeTpOB 6eryrn;e:H: CTpOKM TeKCTa (pMC. 19.17): • B IIOJie BBO,D;a Text (TeKCT) HaxO,D;MTCH BbI,D;eJieHHhIH cl>parMeHT TeKCTa, KOTOpbIH 6y,D;eT BhlBO)J;MThCH KaK 6eryrn;a.s1 CTpOKa; • rrepeKJI10qaTeJih Direction (HarrpaBJieHMe) o6ecrreqwBaeT Bb16op HarrpaBJieHIDI ,ll;BM)l{eHIDI CTpOKM: crrpaaa HaJieBO (Left) MJIM CJieBa HarrpaBO (Right); • rpyrrrra 3JieMeHTOB yrrpaBJieHIDI

Speed (CKopoCTh)

rro3BOJIHeT pe-

ryJIMpoBaTh 3a,D;epXKY Me)l{)J;y IIOCJie,D;OBaTeJibHhIMM C)J;BMfaMM TeKCTa (Delay) M pa3Mep C,D;BMra B IIMKCeJiax (Amount); • rpyrrrra 3JieMeHTOB yrrpaBJieHIDI

Behavior

(IloBe,D;eHMe) CJIY)KMT

,lJ;JIH 3a,D;aHIDI pe)l{MMa rrepeMern;eHIDI TeKCTa. IlepeKJI10qaTeJih

Scroll

(IIpoKpYTKa) o6ecrreqwBaeT rrepMO,D;M'lecKMH: rrpo6er TeKcTa no 3Kpa-

HY, 322

KaK Ha MHcl>opMaU:MOHHOM Ta6Jio, rrepeKJI10qaTeJih

Slide

(CKOJih-

- 0 x

I Kacj>eApa Tnn II CYilA MAn1-PrTY llM. K3. ~onKOBCKoro Mbl PaAbl np11eeTCTBOBaTb Bae 3a noce111eH11e Hawero ca'1Ta. Ha Haw11x cTpaH11uax Bbl nony<l1.ne 11c4epnb1eaio111ee npeACTaeneH11e 06 OAH0'1 "13 ny4W"1X Kacj>eAp MAH1-PrTY.

Hawa Kacj>eApa roTOBllT cneu11an11cToe BblC04a'1wero ypoeHA no cn•AYIOIJ.lllM HanpaeneHllAM: • •

T8XHOnOrllA 113rOTOBnOHllA, opraHll3aUllA II ynpaeneH11e npOll3BOACTBOM npeUH3110HHblX np11t5opoe; aBTOMaTll311pOBaHHble CllCTOMbl ot5pat50TKll llHcj>OpMaUHll II ynpaeneHllA AnA pa3nll4Hblx ccj>ep npo113BOACTBa 11 t5113Heca

Hawa Kacbe.noa nDll3HaHHblM MllDOBOM n11.11eo B ot5nacT11 COBDeMeHHblX

..:J

P11c.

19.16. BHJJ. cTpaHHU:hI B pe:llrnMe rrpocMoTpa

x Home

I Kacj>eApa Tnn II CYilA MATl.1-PrTY llM. K.3. ~onKOBCKoro

PHC.

19.17. ,L{mUioroBoe OKHO )lJUl 3a,naHID1 CBOHCTB 6erymeil: CTpOKH

323

lKeHlie) - rrepeMemeHHe TeKCTa .uo rrpOTHBOIIOJIOlKHOM rpaHHU:bl 3KpaHa H ero ocTaHOBKY, a rrepeKmo11aTeJih Alternate (qepe.uosaHHe) rrepeMemeHHe TeKCTa BlfYI'pH o6JiaCTH 6ery:r.u;e:H CTpOKH; • rpyrrrra 3JieMeHTOB yrrpaBJiemrn Size (Pa3Mep) CJIYlKHT ,U.JIB Ja,aaHIDI IIIHPHHhl (Width) H BhICOTbl (Height) rrpRMOyrOJihHOM o6JiaCTH 6ery:r.u;e:H CTpOKH (eCJIH COOTBeTCTBYJOIIlHe <l:>JialKKH OTKJIIO'leHbI, 3TH BeJIH'IHHhl orrpe,aeJIRIOTCR pa3MepoM TeKCTa); • rrepeKJIIO'laTeJih

Align with text

(BhipOBHRTh no TeKczy) CJI}')KHT

,ll.JIB YCTaHOBKH crroco6a BbipaBHIIBaHlffi 6ery:r.u;e:H CTpOKH OTHOCHTeJihHO

o6hl1IHOro TeKCTa B TOM lKe CTpOKe, eCJIH 3a,UaH HeCTaH,UapTHhIM pa3Mep o6nacTH rrepeMemeHIDI; • ycTaHOBKo:H <PnalKKa Continuously (TiocTORHHO) B rpyrrrre 3JieMemos yrrpaBJieHIDI Repeat (Tiosrop) Ja,aaeTcR HeorpaHH'leHHoe 'IHCJIO IIOBTOpeHHM rrpOKPYTKH CTpOKH, eCJIH lKe <l:>JialKOK OTKJIIO'leH, B IIOJie BBO,ll;a co c11eT11HKOM 3a,UaeTCR 'IHCJIO IIOBTOpeHHM; • OTKpbIBaIOIIlHMCR CIIHCOK

Background color (UBeT <t>oHa)

CJIY)l(HT

,ll.JIB 3a,UaHIDI n;BeTa <t>oHa B o6JiaCTH rrepeMemeHHR 6ery:r.u;e:H CTpOKH.

3<t><t>eKT 6ery:r.u;e:H CTpOI(H HeJib3R Ha6JIIO,ll;aTb B pelKHMe pe,11;aKTHposaHIDI CTpaHHU:bl, II03TOMY ,ll.JIB rrpocMOTpa He06XO.llHMO BbI6paTb BKJia,UKY Preview (Tipe.usapHTeJibHhIM rrpOCMOTp). qT06bI OTpe,11;aKTHPOBaTb TeKCT 6ery:r.u;e:H CTpOKH HJIH H3MeHHTh ero cso:HcTBa, Heo6xo.UHMO Bbl3BaTh ,11;Hanorosoe OKHO

Marquee Properties

(CBOMCTBa 6ery:r.u;e:H CTpOKH), .llBalK,ll;hl meJIKHYB rrpaso:H KHOIIKOM MhIIIIH B o6JiaCTH 3TOro TeKCTa. EcnH TeKcT, KOTOpbI:H IIJiaHHpyeTCR pa3MeCTHTh Ha CTpaHHn;e, YlKe Ha6paH B TeKCTOBOM pe,aaKTope H coxpaHeH Ha .llHCKe, ero MOlKHO BCTaBHTh rrpRMO H3 <t>a:HJia. FrontPage II03BOJIReT 3arpYlKaTb H KOHBepTHPOBaTh HH<l:>opMaU:HIO H3 OCHOBHhIX <t>opMaTOB TeKCTOBhIX .llOKYMeHTOB H .llOKYMeHTOB MS Office.

,[(IDI

BCTaBKH <t>parMeHTa TeKCTa H3 TeKCTOBOro <t>a:HJia He06XO.llHMO:

~ ycTaHOBHTh TeKCTOBhIM KYPCOp Ha CTpaHHIJ;e B II03HU:HIO, r,11;e

6y,11;eT Ha'IHHaTbCR BCTaBJIReMbIM TeKCT ( ecm1 <t>a:HJI co,11;eplKHT TeKCT Ha pyccKOM R3hIKe, He06XO.llHMO rrposepHTh, 1IT06bI B YCTaHOBKax CBOMCTB CTpaHHU:hI 6bIJI TaKlKe ycTaHOBJieH pyCCKHM R3hIK); ~ BbI6paTb KOMaH,ll;y Insert File (BcTaBKa <t>a:HJia) H B IIORBHB-

IIIeMCR Ha 3KpaHe .llHaJIOroBOM OKHe ,ll.JIB Bbl6opa <t>a:HJIOB 3a,UaTb

a.u-

pec Tpe6yeMoro <t>a:HJia, rrpe,11;sapHTeJihHO ycTaHOBHB ero <t>opMaT; ~ HalKaB KHOIIKY [OTKpbITh] (Open), 3arpy3HTh ,ll;HaJIOrosoe OKHO Convert Text (Tipeo6pa3oBaHHe TeKcTa), II03BOJIR10Illee BhI6paTh crroco6 rrpeo6pa30BaHIDI TeKCTa H3 <t>a:HJia. no YMOJI'laHHIO rrpeMaraeTCR sapHaHT Formatted Paragraphs (<l>opMaTHposaHHble a63an;hI), 03Ha11a10mH:H, 'ITO KalK,ll;blM a63au; HCXO,llHOro TeKCTa 6y,11;eT rrpeo6pa30BaH B OT,ll;eJibHbIM a63au: Ha CTpaHHU:e c HCIIOJih30BaHHeM CTHJIR Formatted. Bo3MOlKHhI H ,11;pyrHe sapHaHThI: npeo6pa30BaHHe seem TeKcTa B e,11;HHblM a63au; c HCIIOJih30BaHHeM paJ,UeJIHTeJie:H CTpOK H CTHJIR Formatted

324

(One formatted paragraph); rrpeo6pa30Bam1e Hcxo.uHoro TeKcTa B OT.ueJI1>H1>1e a63au1>1 c IIOMOIUl>IO CTHIDI Normal (Normal paragraphs) H .uo6aBJieHIDI paJ.ueJIHTeJieH: CTPOK (Normal paragraphs with line breaks) H BCTaBKa 3Toro TeKCTa Herrocpe.ucTBeHHO B cpopMaTe HTML (Treat as HTML); ~ HIDKaT1> KHOIIKY

[OK],

qT061>1 JaKphlTh .UHaJioroaoe OKHO Convert TeKcT HJ cpaH:Jia 6y.ueT BCTaBJieH B Te-

Text (Tipeo6paJoBaHHe TeKCTa). KYIUYIO II03HUHIO.

TipH pe.uaKTHpoaaHHH H ocpopMJieHHH TeKcTa CTPamlllbI xeJiaTeJibHO He .uorrycKaTb pa3H006pa3IDI cpopMaTOB, CTHJieH H paJJiffqHbIX 3cpcpeKTOB.

19.5. .Qo6aeneHMe

cTpaHM~

e MaKeT caMTa

TipH rrpoeKTHpoaaHHH caH:Ta Heo6xo.uHMO xoporno rrpo.uyMaTh cueHapHH: Ka)l{.llOH CTPaHHUhl H 06IUHH cueHapHH, T. e. CXeMY B03MO)l{HblX rrepexo.uoa OT O.UHOH CTpaHHUhl K .upyroH:. TiepeXO.Uhl BhIIIOJIIDIIOTCH c IIOMOIUbIO BHYTPeHHHX CCl>IJIOK, a cxeMa rrepexo.uoa, Ha3bIBaeMaH CTPYKTYPOH HaBHraUHH (navigation structure), .UOJl)l{Ha 61>1T1> y.uo6Ha H rroIDITHa .llJIH rroceTHTeJieH caliTa. Ha caliTe He .UOJl)l{HO 61>1Tb He.uoCTYIIHhIX CTPaHHU. TioKa B COJ.UaHHOM HaMH paHee caH:Te acero o.uHa .uoMaIIIHHH CTPaHHUa, II03TOMY rrpe)l{.lle qeM rrepeifTH K HJyqeHHIO CTPYKTYPhI HaBHraUHH B MaKeT caH:Ta TPe6yeTCH .uo6aaHT1> HecKOJihKO HOBl>IX CTPaHHU. ,[(ml 3TOro c IIOMOIUl>IO KOMaH.llhI File New Page (<l>aH:JI Co3.UaTh CTPaHHUa) OTKpoeM .UHaJioroaoe OKHO New (HoaaH CTPaHHua), IIOKaJaHHOe Ha pHC. 19.18, B KOTOPOM MO)l{HO B1>16paT1> rna6JIOH .llJIH HOBOH CTPaHHUhI. B rrporpaMMe FrontPage HMeeTcH .uocrnToqHo 60Jil>IIIOH Ha6op rna6JIOHOB, c IIOMOIUl>IO KOTOpbIX MO)l{HO C03.UaTb coOTBeTCTBYIOIUHM o6pa30M CKOMIIOHOBaHHYIO H ocpopMJieHHYIO CTPaHHuY (aHaJIOfffqHO C03.UaHHIO ITO rna6JIOHaM CJiaH.uoB B pe.uaKTope PowerPoint). B1>16paa rna6JIOH Normal Page, OTKpoeM .llJIH COJ.UaHIDI CTPaHHUhI rrycTOH 6JiaHK, a TOqHee 6JiaHK c He3aIIOJIHeHHOH ueHTPaJihHOH qacTblO (pHC. 19.19). ,llo6aBHM Ha caHT CJie.llYIOIUHe CTPaHHUhl (cJiaH.uhl, C03.UaHH1>1e .llJIH rrpeJeHTaUHH Kacpe.up1>1 B rn. 3.2): EyiJyfL4ee; IlpenoiJaBameAu KarjJei:Jpbl; HayKa, coxpaHHB rrocJie.uoaaTeJI1>HO Ka)l{.llyIO CTPaHHuY. qro61>1 IIOCeTHTeJIH CMOfJIH rrorraCTb c .UOMaIIIHeH CTPaHHllhl caH:Ta Ha .upyrne CTP~I, ffY)KHO c.ueJiaTb Ha HHX CCbIJIKH. ,llJIH 3TOfO c IIOMOIUl>IO KOMaH.llhl MeHIO View * Navigation (BH.ll * HaaHraUHH) cJie.uyeT OTKphlTb OKHO HaBHfaUHH, B pa6oqejf o6JiaCTH KOTOporo 6y.ueT OT06pIDKeHa cxeMa HaBHraUHH c O.UHOH JIHIIlb .UOMaIIIHeH CTPaHHUeH (pHC. 19.20). ,llJIH BKJIIOqeHIDI HOBhIX CTPaHHU B CXeMY HaBHrauHH Ha.uo rrepeTaIUHTh B Hee c IIOMOIUl>IO MhlIIIH cpaH:JI By.JJYIIIee H3 CIIHCKa cpaH:-

325

.., •

'11 Cl 'QI

Corf11nation f 01m

F~Fam

FormPage\lfizard

F1~Asked

o....,. r r

Justadd'w'eblask

o°"""""' Cre«e o b£tri. web page.

Q...-..

t!J

Guest Book

One-col.rm Body

Nanow, left-alig'ied

Narow,

Body

R.,..·ol<»ed Body

One-col.rm Body with Contents a...

One.<XJUm Body With Contents o

PHc. 19.18. )J;Hanoroaoe OKHO .!(JUI co3.uattH.11 HOBOH CTPaHHUbl

- CJ x

x {Add this page to the Navigation view lo display hypertmks here]

[Add this page lo the Navigation view lo display a page banner here/

:·· r ··-------------------------------------------------------------

Send mail to fed@ttport. ru with questions or comments about this web site. last modified: anpeM 20 , 2002

PHc. 19.19. OKHo .!(JUI cOJ.uaHH.R: o6bNHOH CTPaHHUbl

326

JIOB caM:Ta

(Folder List),

pacnono:xarn ero HIDKe .D.OManrneM: CTIJaHHUhI.

3aTeM B cxeM)' HaBHraUHH cne.zzyeT BBeCTH HMR C'fPaHHUbl. Tio.D.o6Hble .D.eHCTBIDI Heo6xo.D.HMO BhIIlOJIHIITh .D.JUI Bcex ocTaBwMXCH CTIJaHMU caM:Ta.

B peJyJihTare 6y.lJ.YT ycTaHOBJieHhI CBHJH Me)l(Jzy CTPa-

HHUaMH, KOTOpbie IlOKaJaHbl Ha pMC. 19.21. TeKCTbl HaJBaHHH ,lJ.JIH CCblJIOK HJIH KHOITOK B MeHio HaBHraUHH ycTaHaBJIHBaIOTCH no JaroJIOBKaM CTIJaHHU ca.HTa, T. e. JaroJIOBKM ,lJ.OJI)l(}{bl 6bITh KPaTKHMH. CxeMa HaB11rau1111 HBJIHeTcH MHoroypoBHeBoM:, npWieM Ha nepBOM ypoBHe pacnonaraeTCH .D.OMawHIDI CTPam1ua. CxeMa onpe.D.eJIHeT pacnonoxeHHe CTIJaHHU no ypoBHHM 11 ycTaHaBJIHBaeT B03MOXHbie nepeXO,lJ.bl Me)l(Jzy HHMH. l13MeHHTb CXeMY HaBHraUHH MO)l(}{O npOCThIM nepeTaCKHBaHHeM CTIJaHHU c 0,lJ.HOro ypOBHH Ha ,l1.pyroM:. 06bPIHO HJ CTpaHHUbl BepXHero YPOBHH MO)l(}{O nepeHTH Ha CBH3aHHbie CTIJaHHUbl .UPyrMX ypOBHeM:.

cooTBeTCTBHH co cxeMo.H HaBHrauHH FrontPage aBTOMaTWieCKM

o6HOBJIHeT HaBHrauHOHHbie MeHIO Ha BCex CTpaHHuax. EcJIH Bee C'fPaHHUhI caM:Ta He noMeI.UaIOTCH B BM.D.HMoM: qacTH cxeMhI HaBHrau;HH, MO)l(}{O H3MeHHTb MaCWTa6 OT06paxeHIDI.

,llml

3TOro

He06XO,ll.HMO:

I.UeJIKHYB npaBOH KHOnKOH MbllllH B mo6oM MeCTe cPOHa cxeMbl

H IlOHBHBilleMCH KOHTeKCTHOM MeHIO, BbI6paTb KOMaH,Uy

Zoom

(Mac-

IllTa6), B pe3yJihTaTe OTKpoeTCH MeHIO BTOporo YPOBHH; 'Ii.: M1c1oiofl F1onlPage

l!l(iJ

C \MoM no11JJMCtrrt>i\My Webs3

HE'i C:\M째"4AOKyi.tetttb1\I ffi-CJ _privalo ~a._. ~~

..........,.

~--.._...,.

n..,.......,_ ~~

Thisviewshowslhe~atructtMeof}06Web. To automaticaly add navigation b!Atont to lh8se pages. chooie

Shated Borden on the FOJl'Ml rneru

PHc. 19.20. Hcxo)J.Hbiif BH)J. oKHa HaBHraui.m

327

PHc.

19.21. BH.ll oKHa

=> Bb16paTb KOMaH.UY MaCIIITa6; => c

ttaBHrauim c ycTattoBJieHHbIMH CBR3RMH

Size to Fit (Ilo paJMepy cxeMbI) mu1

IIOMOIUb10 KOMaH,llbI

Rotate (IloBepH}'Th)

H}')KHbIH

B 3TOM xe KOHTeKCT-

HOM MeHIO MO)l(HO paJBepttyTb CXeMY B ropH30HTa.JlbHOM HarrpaRJiemrn. KpoMe CCbillOK Ha KOHKpeTHbie CTpaHHUbl B HaBHrau:uoHHOe MeHIO MO)l(HO BKJUO'l:UTb CCbillKH nepeXO)l;OB Ha rnaBttyIO CTpaHmzy caH:Ta, a TaKXe Ha o,n:tty cTpaH:UuY BBepx, Bnepe,n: WIH HaJa,u, no cxeMe HaB:uraUH:U, yx:aJaB HX HaJBaHH.SI.

,[lml

qero CJie,n:yeT BbIIIOJIH:UTb CJie.n:yJOIUHe

,n:e:lkTBH.SI: (CepBHC

* HacTpo:H-

KH ca:H:Ta) B MeH10 nporpaMMbI OTKpbITb .D:HaJIOroBoe OKHO

Web Settings

c noMOIUblO KOMatt,n:bl

Tools* Web Settings

19.10); => BbI6paTb B OTl<pblBilleMCR OKHe BKJia,zJ,KY Navigation (HaB:UrauIDI); => B OTKpbIBIIIeHCR BKJia,zJ,Ke yx:a3aTb HaJBaHH.SI CCbillOK ,n:JIR rrepexo,n:a Ha rnaBffYIO (Home page), BepXHIOIO (Parent page), npe,n:blllYIUY10 (Previous page) H CJie.n:yJOIUY10 (Next page) CTpaHHUbl B COOTBeTCTBY(HacTpOHKH caH:Ta) (CM. pHC.

IOIUHX IIOJIRX BBO,n:a;

HaxaB KHOIIKY [OK], 3aKpbITb .D::UaJIOfOBOe OKHO

Web Settings

(HacTpOHKH ca:H:Ta) H coxpaH:UTb HaCTpOHKH.

B pe3yJibraTe BbmoJIHeHHbIX ,n:e:Hcrnmt ycTa.Ha.BJIHBaIOTCR HOBbie CBR3:U Mex.uy CTpaH:UUaM:U ca:H:Ta (pHC. 19.22). HaB:uraUHOHHOe MeH10 MO)l(HO HaCTpO:UTb TaK, 'IT06b1 B HeM oTo6paxaJIMCb CCbIJIKH Ha CTpa.HHUbl onpe)l;eJiemmro ypoBHR OTHOCHTeJibHO

328

TeKymero.

Aim 3TOfO He06XO,[(HMO BbIIlOJIHHTb CJie.zzyrom;He ,[(eikTBIDI.

B pe)l{lfMe pe,[(aKTHPOBaHIDI CTPaHHUbI m;eJIKHYfb rrpaBoli KHOIIKOH MblllIH Ha O,llHOM 113 HaBHraUHOHHbIX MeHIO H B IIO.SIBHBIIIeMC.SI KOHTeKCTHOM MeHio Bhl6paTb rryHKT

Navigation Bar Properties

(Cao:HcTBa

HaBHraUHOHHOro Memo). Ha 3KpaHe OTKpoeTC.SI COOTBeTCTByiom;ee ,[(HaJIOfOBOe OKHO (pHC. 19.23). IIOMOI.IJ;bIO rrepeKJI10qaTe11e:H B BepXHeH qacTH 3TOro ,llHaJIOroBoro OKHa MO)l(HO BKJIIOqHTb B COCTaB MeHIO paJ-

Jll{qHbie Ha6opbl CCbillOK: • CCbillKH Ha CTPaHHUbl BepXHero (pO,llHTeJibCKoro) ypOBH.SI

(Parent

level); • CCbillKH Ha CTPaHHUbl TeKym;ero ypOBIUI (Same level); • ccbIJIKH Ha coce,[(HHe CTPaHHUbI TeKym;ero ypoBH.SI (Back

and next);

• CCbIJIKH Ha CTPaHHUbI HH)l(Hero (.lloqepHero) ypoBH.SI (Child level); • cchmKH Ha CTPaHHllbl caMoro BepXHero ypoBH.SI (Top level); • CCblJIKH Ha CTPamt:Uhl BToporo ypoBH.SI (Child pages under Home). KpoMe Toro, c rroMOI.IJ;bIO <t>11IDKKOB B rrpaBo:H qacTH .[(HanoroBoro OKHa B COCTaB HaBHfallHOHHOfO MeHIO MO)l{}fO BKJIIOqHTb CCbillKY Ha .llOMaIIIHIOIO CTPaHHuy (Home page) H po;:uneJibCKyio CTPaHHuy (Parent page), eCJIH 3TO He rrpe.uycMOTPeHO BbI6paHHbIM Ha6opoM CCbillOK. Bb16paHHbIH aapHaHT HaBMraUHOHHoro MeHIO cxeMaTHqecKH oTo6pIDKaeTc.si: B BH,lle PHCyttKa, pacrroJIO)l(eHHOro B JieBOH qacTH OKHa. IlpH 3TOM TeKYI.IJ;a.si: CTPaHHlla o6oJHaqeHa )l(eJITbIM rrp.si:MoyroJibHH-

file

(dt '{reW insert F~at

D·~·

lools Td»e

~II!li!i

Ft~s

W.indow

Folder Lis! e <) C:IM'"A""!JMOH'"~

oo Cl_private

o.._.

@lrdoo<t<m

t11 s.,.,.... ..., , ~H•!><•.l<m

''-!II npeoJAaeaTeJM.

PHc.

19.22. BH.ll OKHa HaBHrauHH c

H3MeHeHHOH cxeMou CB.SI3eit

329

(" earettlovel

r r

~amelevel a-'Ck.andneld

r. &f.ld.1eve1

r laolevel

Pag.-~bars wleppea-on

•P-..._t...... o...,....,

inkto

~Hooio~

pMaUMMM M liM3HOC8. M COBPOMOHHbl

PHc.

19.23. )1,mumroeoe OKHO CBOHCTB HaBHrau;HOHHOro MeHIO

KOM B CHHe:H paMKe, a CTpaHHUbl, CCbIJIKH Ha KOTOpbie 6y;zyT co,n:ep)f(aTbC.SI B HaBHraUHOHHOM Memo, BbUleJieHbl CHHHM UBeTOM.

C noMOillbIO nepeKJIIO'laTene:H Horizontal H Vertical B HIDKHe:H qacTH OKHa MO)f(HO Bb16paTb COOTBeTCTBeHHO ropH30HTaJibHOe HJIH BepTHKaJibHOe pacrrOJIO)f(eHHe CCbIJIOK B HaBHraUHOHHOM MeHIO, a TaIOKe

(Buttons)

OT06pa3HTb CCbIJIKH B BH,lle KHOITOK

HJIH rrpOCTOfO TeKCTa

(Text). IloMeCTHTb Ha CTpaHHUbl ,UOITOJIHHTeJibHOe HaBHfaUHOHHOe Memo MO)f(HO c ITOMOIUblO KOMaH,llbl MeHIO

Insert* Navigation Bar (BCTaBKa

HaBHraUHOHHoe MeHIO). EcnH Tpe6yeTc.SI He oTo6paxaTb HaBHrauuoHHOe MeHIO Ha orrpe-

,n:eneHHOH CTpaHHUe H HCKJIIO'IHTb CCbIJIKH Ha 3TY CTpami:uy H3 .n:pyrux CTpaHHU, HO rrpH 3TOM OCTaBHTb ee B cxeMe HaBHfaUHH, Ha,uo meJIKffYTb rrpaBOH KHOITKOH MbIIIIH Ha H306paxeHHH 3TOH CTpaHHUbl B cxeMe HaBHfaUHH H B ITO.SIBHBilleMC.SI KOHTeKCTHOM MeHIO BbI6paTb KOMaH,Zcy

Included in Navigation Bars

(BKJIIO'leHa B HaBurauuoHHbie

MeHio). IloBTOpHbIH BbI6op 3TOH KOMaH,llbI BOCCTaHOBHT CCbIJIKH Ha CTpaHHuY. Ilpu C03,UaHHH MaKeTa caH:Ta c ITOMOIUbIO MaCTepa no KpaslM CTpaHHUbl aBTOMaTH'leCKH ycTaHaBJIHBaIOTC.SI pa3)l;eJIHTeJibHbie rpaHHUbI, KOTOpbie B pe)l(HMe pe.n:aKTHpOBaHH.SI OT,UeJieHbI OT OCHOBHOro co,n:epxa-

HH.SI IIyHKTHpHOH JIHHHeH:. Pa:meJIHTeJibHbie rpaHHUbI

(shared borders) -

3TO o6JiaCTH, co.n:epxamHe e,n:mcyIO HH<l>opMaUHIO Jl:Jl.SI HeCKOJibKHX

330

cTpaHHU caH:Ta. HanpHMep, 'IT06b1 He BCTaBIDITh JIOroTHn qmpMhI Ha KIDK,IzyIO CTpaHHQY, MO)KHO ycTaHOBHTb pa3lleJIHTeJihttyIO rpaHHQY WUI Bcex CTpaHHU H noMeCTHTh TY.!la JioroTHn. Pa3lleJIHTeJihHhle rpaHHU.hl MO)KHO ycTaHaBJIHBaTb KaK

wrn

Bcex,

TaK H WUI OT.!leJibHbIX CTpaHHU. caH:Ta. ,[(ml 3TOro B pe)KJ{Me peuaKTHpOBaHlm He06XOllHMO rn;eJIKHYTh npaBOH KHOnKOH MbIIIIH B mo60M MecTe Ha CTpaHHU.e, H B noHBHBIIIeMCH KOHTeKCTHOM Memo BbI6paTb nyHKT Shared Borders (Pa3.!leJIHeMbie rpaHHU.bI). Ha 3KpaHe noHBHTCH cooTBeTCTByrorn;ee .!IHaJIOfOBOe OKHO (pHC.

19.24), nepeKJIIO'laTeJIH Apply to

(TipHMeHHTb K) KOTOporo no3BOJIHIOT npHMeHHTb HaCTpOHKH KO BCeM CTpaHHU.aM (All pages) HJIH TOJibKO K TeKYIUeH (Current page). <l>JIIDKKH Top (CBepxy), Left (CJieBa), Right (CnpaBa), Bottom (CHH3Y) ycTaHaBJIHBaIOT pa3.!leJIHTeJibHble rpaHHU.bl B COOTBeTCTBYJOIUHX o6JiaCTHX CTpaHHU.bl.

wrn

HacTpOHKH, onpeueJieHHbie Bcex cTpaHHU., npHMeHHIOTCH no YMOJI'laHHIO K Kffil<llOH BHOBb C03.!laBaeMoH: cTpaHHU.e. <l>JIIDKOK Include

navigation buttons

(BKJIIO'IHTb KHOnKH HaBwrauwH) no3BOJIHeT BKJIIO-

'llffb B pa3.!lemrreJibHyro rpaHHQY KHOTIKH HaBHraUHOHHOro Memo. <l>Jia)l(OK Reset borders for current page to web default (YCTaHOBHTb rpaHHU.hI TeKYIUeH CTpaHHU.bl no YMOJI'laHHIO) OTMeHHeT HH.!IHBffllYaJibHbie HaCTpOHKH pa3uemueJibHbIX rpaHHU CTpaHHU.bI H ycTaHaBJIHBaeT HX B cooTBeTCTBHH c npHHHTbIMH no YMOJI'laHHIO Bcero caJ:na. 3TOT

wrn

$JIIDKOK .n.oczyneH TOJibKO .D,JIH TeKYIUeH CTpaHHUbl. x

- fl

..,.

·~r::J'!Oll"'

If :ii< ~

1::

•

11 (i).

•= ,. ~ ,, . A. ••

KacpeApa mn H CYllA MAn1-PnY HM. K.3. L.1Ho11KoBCKOro Mbl panbl nDMl!l&TCTBOl!!laTb Bae 3a noceweHMI Hawero ca ~!@. •

Ha HaWHX CTpaH ""'*to

05 OAHOM H3

.. ~·P."ll"!

---------------

ri; ....... ,..,.

HanpasneHHRM.

• . -. ....... __.. _......_... _... -_.•_ plop :

P!ncl.!e-Wlont

paBJleHHe

PL"' HHcpopMa4>1H H CTISa H 5H3Heca.

Pl.()CkJden.aviootrorbultom Hayw:1

_, _________ ,_ p !19-4 .___ ___, p aottom

11aCTH COISpeMe•

~ ~ MCKHMH npeAnp11.

~~~_.:;:;~============__,.blW119HHOCTH.

l4m:on<hov..2!10

.. '1• '

_:.I

•J

NUM

11.21

PHc. 19.24. .llHanorosoe oKHo .!L7UI ycTaHOBKH paJ.lleJIHTeJibHbIX rpaHHU

331

Pa3,n:eJIHTeJibHbie rpaHHU:hI IIOJBOJUIIOT rrpH,n:aTb cTpaHHIJ;aM ca:iITa e,n:HHbIH BH,n:. qame Bcero B paJ,n:eJIHTeJibHbie rpaHHIJ;bl IIOMemaroT TaKHe 3JieMeHThI, KaK JaroJIOBOK cTpaHHU:hI

(Page banner) .ll:JUI

o6oJHa-

qemrn Ha3BaHIDI CTpaHHIJ;bl HJIH pa3,n:ena, JIOfOTHII KOMIIaHHH, KOHTaKTHYJO HH<popMaIJ;HIO, CBe,n:eHIDI 0 .D:HJa:HHepe H aBTOPCKHX rrpaBax, .n:aTY rrocne,n:Hero o6HoBJieHIDI. KpoMe Toro, pa3,n:eJIHTeJibHbie rpaHHU:hI HCIIOJib3YJOT COBMeCTHO c HaBHran;HOHHblMH MeHIO ,n:JUI opraHHJaU:HH HaBHran;HH no ca:Hzy. BKJiroqeHHe HaBHran;HOHHoro MeHio B o,n:tty HJ pa3,n:eJIHTeJihHbIX rpaHHU: II03BOJUleT COJ,n:aTb e,n:HH006pa3HYJO cxe-

HaBHran;HH .ll:JUI Bcex cTpaHHU: ca:HTa.

19.6. npMMeHeHMe TeM All.R o<t>opMneHMR

CTpaHM~

caMTa

qT06b1 rrpH;::i:aTb ca:HTY 6onee u;eJibHhIH 3CTeTffqeCKH rrpHBJieKaTeJibHhIH H o,n:HOBpeMeHHO 6onee rrpo<t>ecCHOHaJibHblH BH,n:, CJie;ryeT rrpH,n:ep:xarnaTbCR e,n:HHoro rro.n:xo.n:a K o<t>opMJieHHIO cTpaHHU:, T. e. co6nro,n:aTb orrpe,n:eJieHHyro u;BeTOBYJO raMMY H CTHJib (HarrpHMep, .D:HJaHH rrpo;ryKToB <l>HPMhl Microsoft).

,[(JUI perneHIDI

3TOH Ja,uaqH B pe,n:aKTo-

pe FrontPage HCIIOJib3YJOTCR TaK Ha3bIBaeMbie TeMbI.

Te.Ma -

3TO orr-

pe,n:eJieHHbIH Ha6op 3JieMeHTOB o<t>opMJieHIDI H IJ;BeTOBbIX cxeM, KOTOpbrn MO:}l{HO rrpHMeHHTh K cTpaHHn;aM. B pe,n:aKTope HMeeTCR HecKOJihKO JapaHee rro,n:roTOBJieHHbIX TeM, KOTOpble MOryr 6b1Tb HCIIOJibJOBaHbl 6e3 HJMeHeHHH HJIH HJMeHeHbl IIO YCMOTpeHHIO pa3pa60T'IHKa ca:Hrn. Ha6op n;BeTOBhIX cxeM Bh16paHHo:H TeMhI rrpHMeHHM K ocHOBHhIM 3JieMeHTaM CTpaHHIJ;hl: TeKCl)', JaroJIOBKaM, CCbIJIKaM, HaJlIIHCRM Ha KHOrrKax, Ta6JIHIJ;aM, <t>oey H T. rr. TeMa TaK}l{e orrpe,n:eJU1eT e,n:HHOe rpa<l>HqeCKOe o<t>opMJieHHe <t>oHOBbIX PHCYHKOB, JaroJIOBKOB, KHOIIOK, pa3,n:eJIHTeJibHhIX JIHHHH H MapKepoB. TeMa Ja,uaeT rnpH<l>T H CTHJih ocHOBHoro TeKCTa H JaroJIOBKOB CTpaHHIJ;bl. HeKOTOpbie B03MO:lKHOCTH FrontPage Boo6me ,n:oCTYIIHhI TOJihKO rrpH HCIIOJibJOBaHHH TeMbI. HarrpHMep, JaroJIOBKH CTpaHHU: H KHOilKH HaBHraIJ;HH MOryr OT06paXGlTbCR B rpa<l>HqeCKOM BH,n:e TOJihKO rrpH HCIIOJib30BaHHH reMbI. B rrpoTHBHOM cnyqae OHH 6y.n:yT OT06pruKeHbl B BH,n:e TeKCTa.

,lLrrsI BhI6opa TeMhl Heo6xo,n:HMO OTKpbITb ,n:oMaIIIHIOIO CTpaHHIJ;y ca:HTa B pexrn:Me pe,n:aKTHPOBaHIDI H c IIOMOIIJ;bIO KOMaH,n:bl MeHIO

Theme (<l>opMaT * TeMa) OTKpbITh ,n:HanoroBoe Themes (TeMbI), IIOKa3aHHOe Ha PHC. 19.25.

Format *

OKHO Bhl6opa TeM

B JieBOH qacTH 3TOro .D:HaJIOfOBOro OKHa paCIIOJIO)((eH CIIHCOK TeM, a B rrpaBOH HaxO,n:HTCR o6JiaCTb rrpOCMOTpa o<t>opMJieHIDI 3JieMeHTOB CTpaHHIJ;bl B CTHJie BhI6paHHOH TeMhl. Ilo.n: CIIHCKOM TeM paCIIOJIOXeHbl <l>JiruKKH, KOTOpbie II03BOJUIIOT Ja,uaTb .n:orroJIHHTeJibHbJe rrapaMeTpbl ,n:JUI BbI6paHHOH TeMbl. IlpH ycrnHOBKe <l>naxKa

Vivid colors

(RpKHe IJ;BeTa) IJ;BeTa HeKOTOpbIX 3JieMeH-

TOB ,n:aHHOH cxeMbI 6y.n:yT HMeTb 6onee RpKHe orreHKH. <l>JiruKOK Active

graphics (AKnlBHaSI rpa<l>HKa) orrpe,n:eJU1eT HCIIOJibJOBaHHe 6onee cnox332

Banner pnot.&Ad<ibonal Thomoo) (Ile Thome)

Button

"'" Aul"""'""' Art"'

Button

Bolonce

B.,code

Blri Biondo Blocks

Heading 1 Style •

Bullet1 • Bullet 2 • Bullet3

Heading 2 Style

§1

O•

,_,,..,..

eM1

Puc. 19.25. )luaJioroBoe OKHO ,!I)UI Bhl6opa TeM HbIX KOHTYJ>OB H yJopoB npH OT06paJKeHHH JaroJIOBKOB, KHOilOK H JJ.pyrHJ( rpacl>H'leCKHX 3JieMeHTOB (npH ero OTKJIIoqeHHH rpacl>H'leCKHe 3JieMeHTbI pH,ll,a TeM 6y)J.yT HMeTb 6oJiee CTpOfHH BHJJ.). <l>JiaJKOK Bach picture (<l>oHOBbIH pHCYffOK) paJpernaeT 11cnoJI&JOBaH11e cl>oHosoro pHC}'HKa Ha CTpaHHU:ax caH:Ta. IlpH YCTaHOBKe cl>JiaJKKa Apply using css (IlpHMeHHTb, HCilOJib3YSI Ta6JIHu:y cnrneii:) ocl>opMJieHHe BbI6paHHOH TeMbl npOHCXO)J,HT c HCilOJibJOBaHHeM BHelliHHX Ta6m1u: cnrneii:, B nponmHoM CJIY'{ae KOMaH.llbI <l>opMaTHpo.BfillIDI sKJIIOqa.JOTCsi: B HTMLKOJJ. CTpaHHU:bI.

19.7. Pa3pa6oTKa cl>opM Pa:ipa6oTKa cl>opM JJ.eTaJI&Ho paccMaTpHBaJiac& npH HJyqeHHH cHcTeMbI Access. IlpH COJ)J,aHHH ca:HTOB cl>opMhl HCilOJib3yK)TCH B OCHOBHOM JJ)UI c6opa cBe.lleHHH OT noceTHTeJie:H caH:Ta. <l>opMa COCTOHT HJ CTaH)J,apTHhlX 3JieMeHTOB IlOJibJOBaTeJibCKOro HHTepcl>e:Hca: noJie:H BBO,lla, OTKpbIBaIOIUHXCH CilHCKOB, cl>JiaJKKOB H nepeKmoqaTeJieii:. 06bl'IHO, JanoJIHHB <l>OPMY, noceTHTeJib caH:Ta no,llrnep)l(,l);aeT BBO,ll ,llaHHbIX HaJKaTHeM Ha KHOilKY HJIH KaKHM-JIH6o JJ.PYrnM cnoco6oM. IloCJie 3Toro noJiyqeHHaR HH<l>opMaU:HSI coxpaHHeTCH B cl>a:HJie HJIH 6aJe JJ.aHHbIX Ha Web-cepaepe .llJISI nocJieJJ.YiomeH: o6pa6oTKH H aHaJIHJa.

333

Ilepe.u C03.f(aHHeM cPOPMhl Heo6XO.UHMO onpe.ueJIHTh, KaKoro nma HHcPOpMa1uno Tpe6yeTCH no.rryqHTh OT noceTHTe~ ca:HTa (HanpHMep, 3aKa3 Ha npOJIYKTbl HJIH YCJIYfH, KOHTaKTHYJO HHcPOpMaumo, OT3blBhl, noHCKOBbie 3anp0Cbl H .up.). 3aTeM, ycTaHOBHB TeKCTOBhlH KypCOp Ha CTpaHHUe B n03HUHIO, r.ue Tpe6yeTCH pa3MeCTHTb cPOPMY, Bb16paTh B MeHIO KOMaH,Uy Insert* Form * Form (BcTaaKa * <l>opMa * <l>opMa). B FrontPage <t>opMa npe.ucTa~eT co6o:H npHMoyroJihffYIO o6nacTh Ha CTpaHHUe, OT,UeJieHHYJO nyHKTHpHOH nHHHeH, Ha KOTOpo:H pa3Mem;alOT pa3JIW:1Hb1e 3neMeHThI. B coJ.uaBaeMYJO cPOPMY aBTOMaTW:lecKH BKJllO'lalOTCH .[(Be KHOnKH: [Submit] (OmpaBHTb) - .f(JIH ompaBKH BBe,UeHHOH HHcPOpMaUHH H [Reset] (C6poc) - .f(JIH O'IHCTKH noneH HJIH ycTaHOBKH HOBhIX HCXO.f(HhIX 3Ha'leHUH. ,[LJIH yCTaHOBKH 3neMeHTOB ynpaBJieHHSI B cPOPMY Hcnonh3YJOT KOMaH,Ubl Memo Insert * Form (pHc. 19.26), e KOTopoe BXOMT Te )l(:e 3neMeHThI ynpaBJieHHH, ':ITO H npH C03,UaHHH <t>opM B CHCTeMe Access: • One-Line Text Box - none .f(JIH aao.ua .uaHHhIX; •Scrolling Text Box - nonoca cKpOJIJIHHra; • Check Box - <t>na)l(:oK; • Radio Button - nepeKJIIO'laTenh; • Drop Down Menu - none co cnHcKoM; • Push Button - KHOnKa; • Picture - acTaBKa pHcyttKa; • Label - MeTI<ta.

f*' ~dl

l)ew

D • ~. Iii

!n>e<t llr•ak...

lools

T,pie

Ft•""'' -

e, <:J

l:!elll

"' •

•I " l'ibl Orll!'-t.r.eiextBox >

OJ ~olr9 Text Box p

Q>ed-.Box

I'M - , 0TYBCT8f.J

H\.1~

MocKBa

Puc. 19.26. KoMaH.LlbI MeHJO .u;u1 BCTaBKH 3JieMeHTOB ynpaBJiemrn 334

Ha pHc.

19.27 rroKa.Jatta cpopMa BBo.ua JIWIHbIX .uaHHbIX AillI rroceTH-

Te11eH: ca:HTa. Te:xtto11orIDI co3,naHIDI cpopM .uocTaTOqHo rro.upo6Ho paccMaTpHBa11ach B fJI.

II03TOMY o6paTHM BHHMaHHe JIHlllb Ha HeKOTOpble oco-

6eHHOCTH co3,naHID1 cpopM B pe.uaKTope FrontPage. IIIHpmzy IIOIDI ,11;.illI BBO.Ua .uaHHbIX MO)l{HO H3MeHHTb, rrepe,UBHraH ero 3a Kpa:U c IIOMOII.I;bIO MbllllH. PH,D;OM c 3THM IIOJieM MO)J(HO }'Ka.JaTb 3afOJIOBOK HJIH IIOHCHHIOIUHH TeKCT.

,[(Jm ycTaHOBKH CBOHCTB IIOIDI Heo6X0,$1MO meJIKffYTb rrpaBOH KHOIIKOH Mbllllli Ha IIOJie BBO.Ua H c IIOMOIUbIO KOMatt,IJ;bl

Fonn Field Properties

(CBOHCTBa IIOIDI cpopMbl) H3 IIOHBHBlllerocH KOHTeKCTHOfO MeHio OTKpblTb OKHO Text Box Properties (pHc. 19.28).

B 3TOM OKHe B cTpoKe Name

Initial value

(lifMH) }'Ka.JhIBaIOT HMH rroIDI, B cTpoKe

(HaqaJibHOe 3HaqeHHe) -

3HaqeHHe IIOIDI, KOTOpoe 6y.ueT

rrpHCYTCTBOBaTb no YMOJiqaHHIO, a B oKHe

Width in characters (IIIHpHHa

B CHMBOJiax) 3a,D;aIOT lllHPHHY BH,IJ;HMOH o6JiaCTH IIOIDI BBO,Ua. IlpH 3TOM eCJIH rrepeKJ110qaTeJib IDI) ycTaHOBJieH B II03HUHIO B BH.ue 3Be3,noqeK.

Yes,

Password field

(II011e .um1 rrapo-

BBO.UHMbIH TeKCT 6y.ueT OTpruKaTbCH

3areM HruKaTH.eM KHOIIKH [Validate] (IlpaBHJia) OTKpbIBaIOT OKHO ,11;.illI yCTaHOBKH rrpaBHJI BBO.Ua .uaHHbIX B IIOJie (pHC.

19.29), K

KOTOpbIM

OTHOCHTCH: orpaHHqeHHe Ha cpopMaT, rrpe.uyrrpe)l(,UeHHe 0 BBO.Ue HeKOppeKTHOH HHcpopMaUHH, YCTaHOBKa ,11;.illI TeKCTOBOfO IIOJIH MHHH- {!/

x IE·

_private

ffi.a ......

' t1I me>.hlm

~ AHt<.e-ra.htm

L ('.] 6ya.ytLtee.hlm : ~ HayKa.htm

1. @j Openoo."8al'emhtm

r~ec10

npO'!Kl1BBHHFI ._ M_oc_• •_• _ __....,

OA po)MeHHFI

PHc. 19.27. IlpHMep <PopMhI sso,n:a JinqHhIX ,n:aHHhIX

335

PHc.

Ma.TlhHOfO

19.28. OKHo AJISI ycTaHOBKH CBOMCTB nollil

(Min length)

(Max length) 1IHCJia CHMBOData length (,llJIHHa .aaHHbIX), BbI6op B OTData type (THII )laHHbIX) THIIa IIOJIH H orrpe.ae-

H MaKCHMa.TlbHOfO

JIOB B rpynrre 3JieMeHTOB KpbIBaJOll.l,eMCH CIIHCKe

JieHHe .llOIIYCTHMOro Ha6opa CHMBOJIOB B rpynrre 3JieMeHTOB ynpaBJieHHH

Text format

Numeric Format (qHCJioDisplay name (0T06paxaeMoe

(TeKCTOBhIH <t>opMaT) HJIH

BOH <t>opMaT). IlpH 3TOM B IIOJie BBO)la

HMH) }'Ka3hIBaeTCH HMH IIOJIH, KOTopoe 6y.aeT BblBO)lHTbCH B coo6meHHH B c.rryqae HapyrneHHH ycTaHOBJieHHbIX rrpaBHJI. PaCCMOTpHM TalOKe crroco6hI C03)laHHH IIOJieH co CIIHCKaMH, OTJI.H'IaIOI.UHeCH OT TeXHOJI011f11eCKHX rrplieMOB, H3JIO)K:eHHblX B rn. YcTaHOBHB rroJie co CIIHCKOM Ha <t>opMY, cJie.ayeT pa3MeCTHTh

5. KYP-

cop B o6JiaCTH 3TOro IIOJIH H meJIKffYTb rrpaBOH KHOIIKOH MblllIH. 3areM

Form Field Properties (CBOHCTBa <t>opMbl) OTKpblTb )lHa.TIOfOBOe OKHO Drop-Down Menu Properties (CaoikTBa OTKpbIBaIOmerocH CIIHCKa), IIOKa3aHHOe

B IIOHBHBIIIeMCH KOHTeKCTHOM MeHIO c IIOMOI.UbJO KOMaH)lhl

Ha pHC.

19.30.

rroJie

Name

(MMH) 3Toro oKHa cJie.ayeT }'Ka3aTh HMH rroJIH co

CIIHCKOM, HaxaTb KHOIIKY

[Add]

()l;o6aBHTb) H B OTKpbIBIIIeecH HOBOe

)lHa.TIOfOBOe OKHO BBeCTH rrepBble 3HaqeHHH 3JieMeHTOB CIIHCKa. 3areM aHa.TI011f11HO BBeCTH ace 3HaqeHHH 3JieMeHTOB CIIHCKa. YCTaHOBHB <t>JiaxoK Specify

Value (YKa3aTh 3HaqeHHe), B none BBo.aa

rro.n: HHM MO)K:HO }'Ka3aTb 3HaqeHMe, KOTOpoe 6y.aeT rrepe.n:aBaTbCSI BMeCTO BbI6paHHOro Ha3BaHHH. IlpM c6poIIIeHHOM <l>JiaxKe 3TO 3HaqeHMe

336

Pnc.

19.29. .[{nanorosoe OKHO .ll1UI ycTaHOBKH npaBHJI sso.n:a .n:anHbIX B noJie

Pnc.

19.30. OKHo csoAcTB noIDI c On<pbIBaIOIUHMC.R cnHCKOM

337

6y.u;eT 3KBI.fBa.JieHTHO Ha3BaHHIO 3JieMeHTa cnHCKa. IlepeKJIIO'IaTeJih Initial State (Ha'Ia.JihHOe COCTOHHHe) onpe,n:eJIHeT, 6y.u;eT JIH .u;aHHhIH 3JieMeHT Bh16paH no YMOJI'IaHHIO. Ilo aHarrorH'IHOH cxeMe ycTaHaBJIHBaIOTcH Ha <t>opMe H .u;pyrne 3JieMeHThl ynpaBJieHHH. IlocJie ycTaHOBKH Ha <t>opMe 3JieMeHTOB ynpaBJieHHH CJie.u:yeT 3a.u;aTh CBOHCTBa KHOnKe [Submit] (OTnpaBHTb) H 3aMeHHTh Ha3BaHHe KHOnKH [Reset] (CM. pHC. 19.27), HanpHMep Ha [01IHCTHTh noJIH]. ):LJul 3a,n:aHHH CBOHCTB KHOnKe [Submit] cne.u:yeT rn;eJIKHyTh npaBOH KHOnKOH MblllIH B JII06oii: o6JiaCTH <t>opMbl H B noHBHBIIIeMCH KOHTeKCTHOM MeHJO BbI6paTh KOMatt.u:y Form Properties (CBOlfCTBa <t>opMbl). Ha 3KPaHe noHBHTCH COOTBeTCTBYJOrn;ee .U:HaJIOroBoe OKHO (pHC. 19.31). C noMOIIl;hIO rpynnhI 3JieMeHTOB ynpaBJieHHH Where to store results (f.u:e coxpaHHTh pe3yJihTaT) 3Toro oKHa onpe.u;eJIHeTCH cnoco6 coxpaHeHHH pe3yJihTaToB <t>opMhI. Ilo YMOJI'IaHHIO BKJIIO'IeH nepBhIH nepeKJIIO'IaTeJih Send to (OTnpaBHTh B). 3To 3Ha'IHT, 'ITO nonyqeHHhie .11:aHHb1e MOI)'T 6b1Th coxpatteHhl B TeKCTOBOM <t>aH:Jie, yKa3aHHOM B none File name (HMH <t>aH:Jia), HJIH OTnpaBJieHbl no 3JieKTpOHHOH nO'ITe no a,n:pecy, yKa3aHHOMY B none E-mail address (Mpec 3JieKTpOHHOH IIO'ITbI). HrutcaTHeM KHOnKH (Options] (IlapaMeTPhI) OTKpbrnaeTCH JJ:Ha.JIOroBoe OKHO Options for Saving ults of Form (IlapaMeTphI coxpaHeHHH pe3yJihTaTOB <t>opMhI), noKaJaHHoe Ha pHc. 19.32. B 3TOM .u;HanoroBoM

j.Jlrivaite/fcxm_resUts.bd

PHC.

338

pa6o aere

19.31. 0KHO CBOifCTB 4>opMbl

oKHe MO)l(HO HaC'TpOHTh pa:irmqHhie rrapaMe'TpbI coxpatteHIDI pe3yJihTaTOB: B <t>aitrre HJIH IIHChMe. Ha BKJia,uKe File Results ( CoxpatteHHe B <t>aitrre) MO)l(HO Bh16paTb <t>opMaT <l>aitrra. 3TO MOXeT 6bITb TeKCTOBhlH <l>aitrr c pa3JIH'IHblMH BH,ll;aMH pa3;::i;eJIHTeJieH HJIH B <t>opMaTe HTML. 3;::i;ecb xe MO)l(HO YKa3aTh BTopoif <t>aitrr .llllil pe3yJihTaToB, qTo y;::i;o6Ho, ecJIH, HarrpHMep, 'Tpe6yeTCj{ IIO,ll;fOTOBHTb O,ll;HH pe3yJibTaT .llllil coxpaHeHIDI B 6a3e ;::i;aHHbIX, a ;::i;pyroif - .llllil OT06paxeHIDI Ha C'TpaHHUe. Ha BKJia,uKe E-mail Results (CoxpaHeHHe B IIHCbMe) MO)l(HO BbI6paTb <t>opMaT IIHCbMa (E-mail format), YKa3aTb TeMY IIHCbMa (Subject line) H YKa3aTb ompamneJij{ (Reply-to line). Ha BKJia,uKe Confirmation Page (CTPaHHUa rro;::i;Tsep)l{)leHIDI) MOXHO YKa3aTb a,upec C'TpaHHUbl c HH$OpMauHeH IIO,ll;TBep)l{)leHIDI BBO,ll;a (Confirmation page), a TaKXe a,upec C'TpaHI1UhI, oTo6paxaeMOH rrp11 HapyrneHHH rrpaBHJI BBo;::i;a (Validation failure page). Ha BKJia,uKe Saved Fields (Coxpaffj{eMhie rroAA) MO)l(HO BhI6opoqHO rrepeqHCJIHTb IIOAA <t>opMbl, KOTOpbie 'Tpe6yeTCj{ coxpaHHTb (Form fields to save), 11 YKa3aTb HX rropjl)l;OK, a TaKXe BKJI10q11Tb B pe3yJibTaT ;::i;orroJIHHTeJihHhie rroAA: ;::i;ary (Date Format), apeMj{ (Time Format), HMj{ y;::i;anettttoro KOMIIhIOTepa (Remote comp name), HMj{ IIOJib30BaTeAA ( Usemame) H rnrr 6poy3epa (Browser type).

Ele E<it '!Jew ln<ert fwmat lools T;iblo Ft""" -

t\elP

lll!,<1 .-,.

·No<mal•lKK!j Options Im Saving Results of

r 01m

FileFocmat

!HTML

rv ln~lude lield names

P' Latest 1esub at encl

PHc. 19.32. .UmmoroBoe OKHO .wui: 3a,u.aHID1 napaMeTJ)OB coxpatteHIDI pe3ynhTaTOB <t>opMbl

339

.[Vul coxpaHemrn pe3yJihTaTOB BBO,na B 6aJy ,naHHbIX cJie.nyeT Ja.QaTb CBOHCTBa 3Toif 6aJhI ,naHHhIX, BepttyBilIHCb K AHaJioroBOMY OKHY Form Properties (CBOitCTBa <t>opMbl) Ha PHC. 19.31. YcTaHOBKa nepeKmoqaTeJUl Send to database (OTnpaBHTb B 6aJy ,naHHbIX) B rpynne 3JieMeHTOB ynpaBJieHIDI Where to store results (f.ne coxpaHHTb peJyJILTaTbI) 03HaqaeT, qTo .naHHhie 6y.nYT coxpaHHTbCH B 6aJe .naHHhIX. IlpJiqeM 3TO MoxeT 6b1Th 6a:ia .nattHblX MS Access IDIH KaKaH-JIH6o .npyra» 6aJa .nattHbIX, no,n.nep)l{HBaIOIUaH pa6oTY qepe3 cTatt,napTHbIH CHCTeMHblH mrrep<t>e:Hc .nocTyna K 6aJaM ,naHHhIX ODBC (Open Database Connectivity - Ce.Sl3b c OTKPhITbIMH 6aJaMH .naHHbIX) . .[Vul pa60Tbl c 6aJOH .naHHbIX Heo6xo,nHMO C03A3Tb H HaCTPOHTb coe,nHHeHHe (Database Connection to Use), Bb16paTh Ta6JIHI.zy H ycrnHOBHTh ,npyrHe napaMeTpbI B .nHaJIOI'OBOM oKHe Options for Saving Results to Database (IlapaMeTPhl coxpaHeHIDI pe3yJihTaTOB B 6aJy ,naHHbIX), nOKaJaHHOM Ha PHC. 19.33 H Bbl3bIBaeMOM HaxarneM Ha KHOilKY [Options) (IlapaMeTPhl), noKaJaHttyIO Ha pHc. 19.31. IlpH ycTaHoBJieHHOM nepeI<JuoqaTeJie Send to other (OTnpaBHTb ,npyroM}' o6pa6orqHKY) ,naHHbie 06pa6aTh1BalOTC.Sl c noMOIUblO CKpHnTa, T. e. He60JibllIOH nporpaMMbl, HanHCaHHOH pa3pa60TqHKOM ca:HTa. TaKYIO nporpaMMY HaJbIBaJOT TaKXe nporpaMMo:H-o6pa6orqHKOM, IDIH o6pa6orqHKOM. B pe.aaKTope FrontPage HMeJOTC.Sl ,nBa roTOBblX o6pa6orqHKa: AJUl AHCKYCCHOHHblX <t>opM (Discussion Form Handler) H AJUl

P11c. 19.33 . .ll11a.11orosoe OKHO ,!J..1UI coxpaHeHIDI pe3yJibTaTOB B 6a3e ,11aHHbIX

340

pern:cTpau;110HHhIX ct>opM (Registration Form Handler). 3m o6pa6oT'ni:KH BbI6HpaIOTCH B OTKpbIBaIO:rn;eMCH CIIHCKe pH,D;OM c rrepeKJI10qaTeJieM Send to other (OmpaBHTh .upyroMY 06pa60T11mcy), a HX rrapaMeTpbI 3a,aaIOTCH B OT,UeJibHbIX .UHaJIOroBhIX OKHax, BbI3bIBaeMhIX HaJKaTHeM KHOIIKH [Options] (IlapaMeTpbI). HecMOTpH Ha pa3Hoo6pa3He B03MO)l{HOCTe:H no o6pa6oTKe pe3yJihTaTOB ct>opMbI, HX MO)l{HO rrpoBepHTb H Ha OT.UeJibHOM KOMIIbIOTepe. ,llml: aBTOMaTffqeCKOro coxpaHeHHH .uaHHbIX B ct>a:HJie, IIHChMe HJIH 6a3e .uaHHbIX B KOMIIbIOTepe, r.ue pa3Me:rn;eH ca:HT, ,UOJI)l{Hbl 6bITb ycTaHOBJieHhI .uorroJIHHTeJihHbie rrporpaMMHbie cpe.ucTBa FrontPage Server Extensions (FPSE). IlaKeT rrporpaMM FPSE, o6biqHo ycTaHaBJIHBaeMhIH Ha Web-cepBep H rrpe.uHa3HaqeHHhIH llJlH rro.u.uep:>KKH ca:HTOB, pa3pa60TaHHhIX c IIOMOlUhIO rrporpaMMhI FrontPage, o6ecrreqHBaeT rrpHeM H rrepe.uaqy .uaHHhIX H ct>a:HJioB OT rroceTHTeJie:H ca:HTOB K WebcepBepy HarrpHMYJO 6e3 HCIIOJib30BaHHH .UOIIOJIHHTeJibHbIX rrpoTOKOJIOB H rro.u.uep)KJ(}' pa6oTbI crreu;Hcl>ffqHhIX llJlH pe.uaKTopa FrontPage 3JieMeHTOB TIOJib30BaTeJibCKOro HHTepct>eika. TaKHM o6pa3oM, qTo6bI npoBepHTh pa60Tocnoco6HOCTh onHcaHHhIX cpe,UCTB llJlH pa60TbI c ct>opMaMH, Heo6XO.UHMO pa3MeCTHTb ca:HT Ha Web-cepBepe c ycTaHOBJieHHhIM Ha HeM naKeTOM nporpaMM FPSE. E.UHHCTBeHHhIM BapHaHTOM o6pa6oTKH pe3yJihTaTOB ct>opMhI 6e3 rrporpaMMHhIX cpe.ucTB FPSE HBJIHeTcH HCTIOJih30BaHHe cKpHnTa, onpe.ueJieHHoro pa3pa60T11HKOM ca:HTa, T. e. cneu;HaJihHOH nporpaMMhI, HaTIHCaHHOH B COOTBeTCTBHH c Tpe6oBaHHHMH CJie.uyIOll.l,HX TeXHOJIOfHH nepeCbillKH KJIHeHTCKHX .uaHHbIX: CGI (Common Gateway Interface) - IIIJII030BOH HHTepct>e:Hc; ISAPI (Internet Server Application Program Interface) - nporpaMMHhIH HHTepcl>e:Hc llJlH npHJIO)l(eHHH Internet-cepBepa; NSAPI (Netscape Server Appli-Yogram Interface) - nporpaMMHhIH HHTepcl>e:Hc llJlH npHJIO)l(eHHH Web-cepBepa Netscape; ASP (Active Server Pages) - aKTHBHhie cepBepHhie cTpaHHU:hI. IlepeqHcJieHHbIM TeXHOJIOfHHM OTrrpaBKH KJIHeHTCKHX .uaHHbIX coOTBeTCTBYIOT .UBa CTaH,UapTHhIX Mern.ua nepechmKH HHcl>opMau;HH: POST H GET, B KOTOphIX HHcl>opMau;HH rrepe.uaeTCH B BH,Ue nap HMH_rroJIH = 3HaqeHHe, pa3,aeJieHHhIX aMnepcaH,UaMH &. IlporpaMMa-06pa60T11HK,UOJI)l{Ha pa3o6paTb 3TH .uaHHbie H BbITIOJIHHTb orrpe.ueJieHHhie .ue:HCTBHH, HanpHMep npOH3BeCTH TIOHCK B 6a3e .uaHHhIX H BbIBeCTH pe3yJihTaT B BH,Ue HTML-cTpaHHU:hI, KOTopaH rrepecbmaeTcH o6paTHO llJlH rrpocMoTpa B 6poy3ep. 3aBeprnaIO:rn;HM rnaroM npH C03,UaHHH ct>opMbI HBJIHeTCH BKJIIOqeHHe B cocTaB ca:HTa cTpaHHU:hl no.urnep)l(lleHHH (Confirmation page), KOTOpaH BbIBO.UHTCH B OTBeT Ha OTIIPaBKY .uaHHbIX npH HaxaTHH KHOTIKH [Submit] (OTnpaBHTb). 06bJqHO OHa co.uep)l(HT HeKOTOpbIH TeKCT, rro.uTBep)l(,UaIO:rn;HH OTIIpaBKY, H HHcl>opMaU:HIO, BBe,UeHHyio noceTHTeJieM caM:Ta B ct>opMhI.

341

IloceTHTeJib ca:HTa MOXeT rrpoBepHTh rrpaBHJihHOCTh yx:a3aHHhIX ;:i:aHHhIX H rrpH Heo6xo;:i:HMOCTH BepttyrhCH K <t>opMe ~ IIOBTOpHoro 3arro1rneHH5I. IlpH HCIIOJib30BaHHH <t>opMbI pe;:i:aKTop FrontPage aeToMaTHqecKH C03;:i:aeT CTpaHHUY IIO.ll:TBepx;:i:eHH51 H o6ecrreqHBaeT ee pa60TY, HO TOJihKO eCJIH MH o6pa60TKH ;:i:aHHhIX He HCIIOJib3yeTC51 co6CTBeHHhIH CKpHIIT. Ilo YMOJiqaHHIO Ha CTpaHHuy IIO;:J:TBepx;:i:eHH51 BhIBOMTCH Ha3BaHH51 rroJie:H H HX 3HaqeHH51. Co3;:i:aTh cTpaHHuy rro;:i:TBepx;:i:eHH51 MO)((HO H caMOCTOHTeJibHO, CBH3aB ee c <t>opMOH.

,llml

3TOfO Ha C03;:J:aHtty10

HOBYJO CTpaHHuy CJie.n:yeT IIOMeCTHTb IIOAA IIO;:i:TBepx;:i:eHH51 ( Confirmation

fields),

KOTOpbie 6y.n:yT OT06paxaTb ;:i:aHHbie H3 <t>opMhl, a TaKXe ;:i:py-

fHe 3JieMeHThI no ycMoTpeHHID . .LJ:o6aBHTh IIOJie rro;:i:TBepx;:i:eHH51 Ha CTpaHHuy MO)((HO c IIOMOIUblO KOMatt;:i:hI HeHT

Insert * Component * Confirmation Field (BcTaBKa

* IloJie

* KoMrro-

IIO;:J:TBepx;:i:eHH51) H3 fJiaBHOfO MeHlO rrporpaMMbl.

19.8. BcTaeKa nmepccb1noK HarroMHHM, qTo ccbIJIKa, HJIH rHrrepccbIJIKa, ycTaHaBJIHBaeT CBH3h Mex;:i:y 3JieMeHTOM CTpaHHUhl (TeKCTOM HJIH pHCYHKOM), KOTOPhIH B 3TOM CJiyqae Bhl.ll:eAAeTCH UBeTOM, H HeKOTOpblM 06'beKTOM HJIH a;:i:pecoM, Ha KOTOpbIH OHa yx:a3bIBaeT (3TO MOXeT 6bITh a;:i:pec ;:i:pyro:H CTpaHHUhl 3TOfO xe ca:HTa, ;:i:pyraH o6JiaCTb TOH xe CTpaHHUbI, CTpaHHUa ;:i:pyroro ca:Hrn B ceTH Internet, a;:i:pec 3JieKTpOHHOH rroqTbI HJIH JI106o:H <t>a:HJI KOMIIhlOTepa). IlpH aKTHBH3aUHH CChIJIKH ( o6bJqH0 IUeJiqKoM MhIIIIH) IIPOHCXO.ll:HT 3arpy3Ka o6'beKTa, a;:i:pec KOToporo co;:i:ep)((HTCH B rHrrepccbIJIKe. TaKo:H a;:i:pec qacTO o6o3HaqaeTCH a66peeHaTYpo:H URL (Uniform Resource Locator -

cTatt;:i:apTHbIH yx:a3aTeJib pecypca) H MoxeT co-

;:i:epxaTh Ha3BaHHe rrpoToKoJia rrepe;:i:aq ;:i:aHHhIX, HM51 Web-cepBepa HJIH KOMIIhIOTepa, HM51 .ll:OMeHa, KaTaJIOf H HMH <t>a:HJia. IlpH rrpoeKTHPOBaHHH ca:Hrn B rrporpaMMe FrontPage B 6oJibIIIHHcTBe cnyqaeB He Tpe6yeTcH epyqtty10 3arrHCbIBaTh a;:i:pec cchIJIKH, .n:ocTaToqtto JIHIIlh yi<:a3aTb HM51 CTpaHHUhI, <t>a:HJia HJIH 06'beKTa. CbIJIKa c<t>opMHpyeTCH aBTOMaTHqecKH.

f Hrrepc-

cJiyqae H3MeHeHH51 HMeHH

<t>a:HJia FrontPage aBTOMaTffqeCKH o6HOBHT Bce rHrrepccbIJIKH, CBH3aHHbie c 3THM <t>a:HJIOM. PaccMOTpHM TeXHoJiorH10 co3;:i:aHH5I cchIJIOK Ha cTpaHHUhI B rrpe;:i:eJiax o;:i:ttoro ca:HTa:

==> OTKPhITh cTpaHHuy ~ pe;:i:aKTHpoBaHH5I; ==> ycTaHOBHTh KYPCOp B MeCTO BCTaBKH rHrrepCChIJIKH Ha KOHKpeTHYID

cTpaHHuy; BhI3BaTh KOMaH;:i:y

==>

Insert

* Hyper/ink.

B pe3yJihTaTe OTKpoeTCH

.ll:HaJIOfOBOe OKHO BbI6opa a;:i:peca .ll:Jl51 BCTaBKH fHIIepCChIJIKH (pHC.

19.34). 342

Creale Hype1hnk

_pnvate

ID-

m.,ges

I HJe

Name

113ndex.ttm ~ ,__,., [3.....wed:ll/_ 'l!AHKera. • 6~~e

_page_

~6!Jl,~ee.ttm (3npenoneMre1M.htm

~ H~a~ B°Ha!l(a.htm ~npenon ~AiiKeTe.htm

MAH1-PrTY HM. K.3. UMO(l(.OBQ(.Of"O. K~ rnn MCYM New Pagel NewPage2 NewPage2 New Page 2 NewPage2

CJ _private images

rJindeK.htm

Ka<PeQ.pa mn HCYllAMATli!·PfTY w-1, K..3. UM011KoeCKOl"O

~(o--•hlm

6...,.....

nKOBCKoro

..=J"'

...!.J- - ,_•A_CT_a-en_e_H'1-e~oli

UAL jt-1tp./~ Home Page Opt 6~!J.l(eeJtm AHKeTahtm H~attm

nde<ltm fie:///C.:/MAH11KtM-w'Y<te6K« no nnC/YIEB/new_peoe_2.htm

OBHA

lltm

iJ •J

Pwc. 19.34. OKHo Bh16opa a,upeca cTpattw1.uurn BCTaBKH mrrepcchIJIKH

Mo)l(}fo CJleJiaTb ccbVI.KY, yx:a3h1Ba10ruyio Ha JlOKy-MeHT, C03JlaHHbIH B n1060M npHJioxeHHH JlJUI Windows: Word, Access, Excel HJIH PowerPoint.

rpa<t>M~ecKMX o6"'beKToe Ha CTpaHM"'bl caMTa

19.9. BcTaeKa

Pe)laKTop FrontPage rro3somreT BCTaBJUITb B JlOKYMeHTbI pa3JIH1-1Hb1e rpa$H1-1ecKHe o6beKTbI H3 $ai1:Jios cne)lYJOIUHX $opMaTOB: GIF, JPEG, BMP, TIFF, TGA, RAS, EPS, PCX, PNG, PCD, WMF. )J.ml BCTaBKH rpa$HqecKHX o6beKTOB, ecJIH npH 3TOM Tpe6yeTCR BBeCTH KOMMeHTapHH K PHCYHKY HJIH $oTorpa$HH, MO)l(}fO BOCITOJ1b30BaTbCR npHeMOM, npHMeHReMbIM B TeKCTOBOM pe)laKTope Word, T. e. npe)lBapHTeJibHO C03)laTb Ta6JIHUY, a JaTeM B gqei1:KH Ta6JIHUbl BCTaBHTb pHCYHKH H TeKCT (pHC. 19.35). TexttonorHR C03JlaHHR Ta6JIHUhI B pe)laKTope FrontPage attanorHqHa TexHonorHH COJJlaHHR Ta6JIHU B pe)laKTope Word. BcTaBKa o6beKTOB ocyrueCTBJUleTCR c npHMeHeHHeM )lHaJIOfOBbIX OKOH KOMaH)lbl Table * Insert* Table o6parueHHeM K ct>aU:Jiy JIH6o qepeJ 6y$ep o6MeHa. 06paTHM BHHMaHHe, qTo B OKHe CITHCKa $ai1:JIOB, ITOKa3aHHOM Ha pHc. 19.35, JlBa $ai1:Jia HMeIOT pacurnpeHHe .qif. TaKHM cnoco6oM co-

343

f -------

CYM11HO~ Bfl4ECnAB

Ml1XAl1nOBl1413aBeAyioUll<IM Kael>eApOM, 33CJTy)l(eHHblM ,Ae.ATe11b HayKM M TeXHMKM P<D , aKaAeMMK 1 'AKaAeM..i..i TexHonorn~ecmx HayK, naypeaT 'rocyAapcTBeHHOM npeM..i..i CCCP, AOKTop nxH..i~ecmx HayK, npoe1>eccop

PHc. 19.35. OKHo co BCTaBKOH rpa<PwrncKHX <PaH.noB B H'leHKH <PopMbI

xpaHSIJOT BCTaBJieHHble Ha CTPaHHuy 061>eKTbl c ueJiblO ynp01ueHID1 npoue.n.yphI :ux BCTaBirn Ha .upyr:ue cTpaHHUhI caH:rn.

19.10. Co3AaH111e c'4eT'4MKa noce114eH111ilt Co3.n.aa caH:T H paJMeCTHB ero B ceT:u, ueJiecoo6pa3HO HMeTh npe)lCTaBJieHHe 0 TOM, HaCKOJibKO OH nonyJUipeH, 'ITO MO)IQ{O C)leJiaTb c noMOIUhJO C'lertmKa nocemeHHH: (hit-:counter), T. e. BHYIPeHHero c'leTq:uKa, IlOKa3aHIDI KOToporo OT06pruteaJOTC.sI Ha CTPaHHUe H yaeJIH'IHBalOTCSI KIDK)lhlH pa3, KOf)la noceTHTeJib 3arpyxaeT CTpaHHuy B CBOH 6poy3ep. qT06bI noMeCTHTh Ha CTPaH:uuy cqeT'IHK nocemeHHH Heo6xo.n.11Mo: => yCTaHOBHTh TeKCTOBhlli Kypcop B H}')l(HYJO no3HUHJO Ha cTpaHHue; => c ITOMOlllhlO KOMaHJlbl Insert * Component * Hit Counter MeHJO OTKPhITb .u11anoroaoe OKHO Hit Counter Properties (CaoiicTBa cqeT'IHKa nocemeH:uii), noKa3aHttoe Ha p:uc. 19.36; => BhI6paTh BH.D. cqeT'IHKa c noMOlllbIO nepeKJI10qaTeJieH: Counter Stile (CTHJib cqeT'IHKa). C noMOlllblO nepeKJI10qaTeJU1 Custom Picture (TipoHJBOJihHhIH p:uCYHOK), MO)l(HO YKa3aTb co6cTBeHHblH <t>aH:JI c rpa<l>:uqeCKHM H306pa)f{eHHeM UH<l>P cqeT'IHKa. TipH 3TOM pHCYHOK 6y.ueT co.uepxaTh paBHOMepHO pacnoJIO)f(eHHble UH<l>Phl OT 0 .n.o 9' a B ,lJ.HaJIOfOBOM OKHe Hit

344

x i:tJ.

_private

r.~

e-a._.

'!!roe.~ ~A>«erd~ I(] 6,...... ~

[

I(] H.,.a.~

r 0123456989

!!I noeJor i!Jn,,..or

o1 2 34 5 6 78 9

•OU3U61t9

ljl1n~aeMelM.

Y•

r f" ,Custom PiciUfe

r:a.... """'"'°

rr""'""""'"""''r~~

PHc.

19.36. OKHo CBOHCTB cqeT'IHKa nocem.eHHH

Counter Properties (CBoiicTBa cqeT'IHKa nocemeHHii) MO)l(HO .uorronHHTeJihHO yx:aJaTh Ha'iaJibHoe JHat.JeHHe ct.JeT'IHKa (Reset counter to) H 'IHCJIO oT06pruKaeMbIX PaJPH.rlOB (Fixed number of digits). HruKaTHeM KHOITKH [OK] C'ieT'!HK nocemeHHH IlOMemaeTCH Ha crpaHHuy. B peJKHMe pe.uaKTHpoBaHHH ct.JeT'IHK nocemeHHii oT06pruKaeTCH ycJIOBHO, a ero pa60TY MO)l(HO npOCMOTpeTb TOJibKO npH JarpyJKe cTpaHHUhI c Web-cepBepa. Heo6xo.uHMO TaIOKe, 'IT06b1 Ha cepBepe 6bIJIO ycTaHOBJieHO .UOilOJIHHTeJibHOe nporpaMMHOe o6ecnet.JeHHe FrontPage Server Extensions. B ynpomeHHOM BH,Ue pa60TY MexaHHJMa noHcKa MO)l(HO npe.ucTaBHTh CJie.uyIOIUHM o6paJOM. IlpH coxpaHeHHH CTpaHHUbI BO BpeMH paJpa6oTKH caii:rn FrontPage aBTOMaTH'ieCKH noMemaeT Bee HOBbie cnoBa HJ TeKCTa Ha CTpaHHUe, a TaIOKe HHcpopMaumo 06 HX MeCTOilOJIO)((eHHH B cneUHaJibHbIH HH,UeKCHPOBaHHbIH CilHCOK. 3aTeM, Kor.ua noceTHTeJib ca:HTa OTnpaBJIHeT Ha cepBep CJIOBO, yx:aJaHHOe B IlOHCKOBOH cpopMe, FrontPage OTbICKHBaeT 3TO cnoBo B cnHcKe, cpopMHpyeT nepet.JeHb CTpaHHU, Ha KOTOpbIX OHO BCTpet.JaeTCH, H OTnpaBJIHeT 06paTHO ,UJIH OT06pruKeHHH B 6poyJepe. ,[(ml 3KOHOMHH BpeMeHH, .uo6aBJIHSI HOBbie CJIOBa B HH,UeKCHpOBaHHbIH CilHCOK, FrontPage He HCKJIIOqaeT HJ Hero cTapb1e cJioBa, KOTOpb1e 6LmH y.uaneHbI B npouecce pe.uaKTHpoBaHHH CTpaHHUbl. Ilo3TOMY nepe.u ny6JIHKaUHeii caii:Ta, T. e. nepe.u paJMeIUeHHeM ero Ha Web-cepBepe, )((eJiaTeJihHO o6HOBHTh

345

CII11COK 11 oq11CTl1Tb era OT Hetty)KHbIX CJIOB. 3To MO)l(}{O c,n:eJiaTb, BbI6paB B Memo KOMaHJlY 06HOBIITb

Tools

Recalculate

Hyper/inks (CepB11c

* fl11IepcCblJIKl1). B MH,UeKCl1POBaHHbrH CilliCOK CJIOB He BKJilO-

'laIOTCH qacTO l1CIIOJib3yeMbie rrpe.I1:J10fl1, COI03bl 11 apTl1KJil1, He Hecyrn;11e CMbICJIOBOM Harpy3KM, 11 II03TOMY He yqacTByrorn;11e B IIOl1CKe. MexaHl13M rro11cKa, l1CIIOJih3yeMbIM B rrporpaMMe FrontPage, op11eHTMpoBaH B OCHOBHOM Ha aHrJIOH3bNHbie caHTbl.

.[(JUI

rro.n:.n:ep)l(l(l1 p y c-

CKOH3bNHbIX caMTOB 11 caMTOB Ha ,n:pyrMX H3bIKax MO)l(}{O l1CIIOJib30BaTb .!1:0IIOJIHl1TeJibHbie rrporpaMMHbie cepBl1Cbl, Harrp11Mep rrporpaMMy Microsoft Server, BXO.ll»rn;yro B cocTaB rraKeTa Microsoft Internet Information Services (MS) . 11.TaK, Mbl paCCMOTpeJI11 TeXHOJIOfl1IO C03,n:aHMH caMTOB B pe,n:aKTope FrontPage, KOTOpaH B HeKOTOPOM CTerreHl1 COBJiaJJ;aeT c TeXHOJIOf11qeCKMMl1 rrp11eMaM11 C03)laHMH Bcex rrporpaMMHbIX Cl1CTeM, paCCMOTpeHHbIX B ,n:aHHOM yqe6HOM rroco61111. KOHTpOnbHble eonpOCbl

1. KaKOBO Ha3Haqemre KHOIIOK H BKJHl,ll;OK Ha naHeJIH HHCTp)'MeHTOB OKHa pe;:i;aKTopa FrontPage (pnc. 19.37)? 2. l.Jrn TaKoe ca:lfT B rrporpaMMe FrontPage? 3. KaKOBhI crroco6b1 c03;:i;amra HOBoro ca:lfTa? 4. 11To TaKOe HaBHrau:IDI?

Pnc. 19.37. Pa6oqee OKHO FrontPage

346

5. KaKHe ,n;eil:cTBIDI Heo6xo,n;HMO BhIIIOJIHHTh WUI BBo,n;a H pe,n;aKTHpoBaHIDI TeKCTa Ha CTpaHHI.J;e? 6. qTo 03HaqaeT TepMHH «TeMa» B pe,n;aKTope FrontPage? 7. KaKOH rrporpaMMHOH CHCTeMOH COBrra,n;aeT TeXHOJIOrIDI pa3pa60TKH <PopM B pe,n;aKTope FrontPage? 8. ~ KaKHx u:eneil: pa3pa6aThIBaIOT <PopMhI Ha cail:Te? 9. KaKOH rrporpaMMHOH CHCTeMOH COBrra,n;aeT TeXHOJIOrIDI pa3pa60TKH rn6JIHU: B pe,n;aKTope FrontPage? 10. 0TJIHqaeTCH JIH (a eCJIH OTJIHqaeTCH, TO qeM) TeXHOJIOrIDI BCTaBKH pHCYlfKOB H rHrrepTeKcTa Ha Web-cTpaHHU:hI OT aHaJIOrffqHhIX ,n;eil:cTBHH B pe,n;aKTope Word? 11. ~ qero c03,n;a10TcH cqe~HKH rroceru,eHHH Ha cTpaHHU:hI cail:rn?

c c

cnlllCOK JllllTEPATYPbl

1. AiJpuaH KuHz. Windows 95 mttyrpu: Ilep. c attrJI. - Cil6.: IlHTep, 1995. 512 c. 2. EyC11eH1Co H. II., KOJ1aUJHUKOB B. B., KoeOJ1eH1Co H. H. Jleimuu no Teopuu 6oJihIIIHX cucTeM. - M.: CoB. pa,n,uo, 1973. - 440 c. 3. Beiic1Cac J(. 3<l><l>eKTHBHaH pa6orn c Microsoft Access 2: Ilep. c aHrn. Cil6.: IlHTep, 1995. - 864 c. 4. Bceo6mee ynpaBJieHHe KaqeCTBoM / 0. II. D1yiJ1CuH, H. M I'op6yHoe H .a;p.; Ilo.a; pe.a;. 0. n. fny.a;KHHa. - M.: Pa,n,uo H CBH3h, 1999. - 600 c.

5. I'opee A., AxORH P., Ma1CawapuHoe C. 3ct>ct>eKTHBHaH pa60Ta c CYB,ll Cil6.: IluTep, 1997. - 704 c. 6. rocT 6.38-90. YHH<l>HUHPOBaHHhle CHCTeMhl ,!J;OKYMeHTaUHH. CucTeMa OP,ll.. 7 . .ll.oKYMeHThI. ,ll.enonpou3BO,!J;CTBO. - M.: IlPHOP, 1996. - 144 c. 8. 3e!lbOHep I'.A., IIew1Coe A.A., IOiJa1Coe B. B. KoMnhIOTep Ha CBH3H! (Mo.a;eMhl, <l>aKc-Mo.a;eMhl, E-Mail, BBS, ABF). - M., 1996. 9. Kapnoea T. C. Ea3hI .a;aHHhIX: Mo.a;enn, pa3pa6oTKa, peann3au;HH. - Cil6.: IlHTep, 2001. - 304 C. 10. M3mb10c M, IIo!lceH 3. FrontPage 2000 )J.lll noJih30BaTeJIH: Ilep. c attrn. K.: If3,a;aTeJihCKaH rpynna BHV, 2002. - 336 c. 11. Ho!lbOeH Mammuac. 3HaKOMhTech: World Wide Web: Ilep. c HeM. K.: ToproBO-H3,!l;aTeJihCKoe 610po BHV, 1996. - 336 c. 12. 0JICeZ08 C.H., meeiJoea H. IO. TOJIKOBhIH CJIOBapb pyCCKOro H3hIKa. M.: A3b, 1996. - 928 c. 13. PoMOHbl11eea 3. T., Co1Co!loea T. IO., filaHiJypuHa I'. <P. HIDKeHepHaH H KOMnh10TepHru1. rpacl>HKa. - M.: ,ll.MK Ilpecc, 2001. - 592 c. 14. PyKoBo.a;cTBO nporpaMMHCTa no Visual Basic ,!l;JIH Microsoft Office 97: Ilep. c aHrn. - M.: H3.a;. OT.a;en «PyccKaH pe.a;aKUHH» TOO «Channel Trading Ltd.», 1997. - 544 c. 15. CMU/lJIHCKUU r.JI. KaKaH ACY 3<l><l>eKTHBHa? (PyKOBO,!J;HTeJIIO 06 aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHhIX cncTeMax ynpaBJieHHH). - M.: 3KoHOMHKa, 1988. - 304 c. 16. TonKOBhIH cnoBaph no BhNHCJIHTeJihHhIM cucTeMaM / Ilo.a; pe.a;. B. HnJIHHryoprn H.a;p. / Ilep. c aHrn. A. K. Eenou;Koro H.a;p.; Ilo.a; pe.a;. E. K. MacnoBcKoro. - M.: MaIIIHHOCTPOeHHe, 1990. - 560 c. 17. <PapoHoe B.B. IlporpaMMHpoBaHHe Ha nepcoHaJihHhIX 3BM B cpe.a;e Typ6o-IlacKaJih. - M.: H3.a;-Bo MrTY, 1991. - 580 c. 18. Xapeeii I'. Excel 5.0 ,!l;JIH «qai1:HHKOB». - K.: ,ll.naneKTHKa, 1994. - 288 c. 19. XapumoHoea H., Muxeeea B. Microsoft Access 2000. - Cil6.: EXBIleTep6ypr, 2001. - 1088 c.

ornABJ1EHl.1E

BBe;::i;eHHe ..............................•............•......................•.•.•......••...•...•...............• qACTh

UPHK.JIA,IJ,HblE UPOfPAMMHbIE CHCTEMbl 0:6PA1>0TKll TEKCTOBOH JI fPA<l>JlqECKOH HH<l>OPMAIJ;HH

r JI a B a

1. TeKCTOBble pe,!1,aKTOpbl .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. . . . 7 1.1. IlpHHUHIIbl o6pa6onrn TeKCTOBOH H rpa1tmqeCKOH HH<!>OpMaUHH ................................................... 7 1.2. K.rraccH<!>HKaUID.! H o6JiaCTH npHMeHeHID.! TeKCTOBbIX pe;::i;aKTopoB ................................................................................. 9 1.3. OcHOBHble IIOIDITHH H TepMHHbl, HCIIOJib3yeMble npH C03J(aHHH TeKCTOBOH HH<!>opMaUHH ..•............................... 10

r JI a Ba

2. TeKCTOBble pe,ll,aKTOpbl Microsoft Word .................................... 13 2.1. 06JiaCTH 3<l><l>eKTHBHOro npHMeHeHID.! TeKCTOBbIX pe;::i;aKTopoB ................................................................................ 13 2.2. TeXHoJiorID.C pa.3pa6oTKH ;::i;eJIOBbIX il:OKYMeHTOB ....................... 15 2.3. Co3;::i;attHe ;::i;oKYMeHTOB c Ta6JIHUaMH ....................................... 26 2.4. CocTaBJieHHe Ta6JIHqHbIX il:OKYMeHTOB c pacqeTaMH ............... 32 2.5. IlocTpOeHHe J(HarpaMM H rpa<!>HKOB Ha OCHOBe Ta6JIHU .......... 35 2.6. Pa6oTa c 6a3aMH ,!J,aHHbIX ......................................................... 37 2.7. 0,!J,HOBpeMeHHaH pa6oTa c pa.3HbIMH il:OKYMeHTaMH ............... .40

r JI a Ba

3. MaCTep C03,!J,IUUUI npe3eBT~ Microsoft PowerPoint ............ 45 3.1. 06JiacTH npHMeHeHID.! Microsoft PowerPoint .......•.............•.... 45 3.2. TeXHoJiorID.C pa.3pa6oTKH npe3eHTauuii: B pe,!1,aKTope PowerPoint 2000 ................................................. .47 qACTh

CHCTEMbl YUPABJIEHIDI 6A3AMH ,nAHHblX (CY6.IJ:) f JI a Ba 4. 06D1,He IIPHBQllllhl pupa60TIOI HBcJtopMlllUIOHHLIX CBCTeM ........ 53 4.1. Ea3bI ;::i;aHHbIX. TepMHHbl H onpe;::i;eJieHID.C ................................. 53 4.2. 063op nporpaMMHblX CHCTeM ,lJ,JIH pa3pa60TKH peJIHUHOHHblX CYl>.lJ: .•...•......•................................................... 55 4.3. 3JieMeHTbl peAAUHOHHoii: CYE.lJ: .............................................. 57 4.4. 11H<l>OPMaQHOHHbie MO,!J,eJIH ;::i;aHHbIX ........................................ 60 4.5. IlpHHUHIIbl H <t>opMbl opraHH3aUHH MHOroIIOJib30BaTeJibCKHX HH<!>opMaUHOHHbIX CHCTeM .............. 65

349

r JI a Ba

CYB.LI: Microsoft Access ............................................................ 69

5.1. Ha3ttaqetttte H o6JiaCTh npttMettemrn CYE.LI: Microsoft Access ....................................................................... 69 11MTIOpT, npHCOe,[IHHeHHe H 3KCTIOPT ,[laHHbIX ........................ 70 5.3. Ily6JIHKaU,ID1 ,[laHHhIX B ceni:x Internet H Intranet .................... 71 5.4. 11HTeJIJieKryaJihHbIH attaJIH3 .[laHHbIX ........................................ 72

5.2.

r JI a Ba r JI a Ba

6. TeXHOJIOl'IUI pa3pa6oTKH Ta6JIHQ 6a3 ,ll,llHHhlX ........................... 75 6.1. Pa3pa6oTKa ¢>tt3HqecKoil: MO.[leJIH .[laHHhIX ............................... 75 6.2. C03,[laHHe Ta6JIHU,bl c JIOMOill,bIO KOHCTpYKTOpa Ta6JIHU, ......... 75 7. TeXHOJIOl'IUI pa3pa60TKH 3anpOCOB B CYB.LI: Microsoft ACCESS ................................................................... 84 7. l. BH.LlhI Jarrpocos rrpH pa6oTe c ,[laHHhIMH ................................. 84 7.2. Crroco6b1 coJ.[laHIDI Jarrpocos ................................................... 84 7.3. CoJ.[laHHe Jarrpocos c rroMOill,hIO KOHCTpYKTOpa Jarrpocos ................................................................................... 86 7.4. ABTOMaTH3aU,IDI pacqeTOB c TIOMOill,bIO 3arrpocoB .................... 93 7.5. 06IU,He CBe,[leHIDI 0 CTpYKTYPHPOBaHHOM Sl3bIKe Jarrpocos

r JI a B a

SQL ........................................................................... 95

8. TeXHOJIOl'IUI pa3pa6oTKH clJopM B CYB.LI: Microsoft Access ..................................................................... l 0 l

8.1. Ha3ttaqetttte ¢>opM B CHCTeMax yrrpaBJ1eHID1 6a3aMH ,[laHHbIX .................................................................................... 101

8.2. TeXHoJiorIDI pa3pa60TKH ¢>opM .L1J1S1 BBO.[la ,[laHHhIX B Ta6JIHU,bl ............................................................................... l 0 l

8.3. TexttoJiorIDI pa3pa6oTKH ¢>opM .LIJISI BBO.[la ,[laHHhIX B 3arrpocb1 ................................................................................

I 07

8.4. TexttoJiorIDI pa3pa60TKH ¢>opM .L1J1S1 opratttt3aU.HH JIOJib30BaTeJibCKOro HHTep¢>eil:ca ............................................ 111 8.5. TeXHoJiorIDI pa6oTbI c ¢>opMaMH rrpH attanH3e .[laHHhIX ........ 112

r JI a B a

9. TeXHOJIOl'IUI pa3pa6oTKH OT'leTOB B CYB.LI: Microsoft Access ..................................................................... 116

9.1. Ha3HaqeHHe ONeTOB B CHCTeMax yrrpaBJieHIDI 6a3aMH ,[laHHbIX ....................................................................... 116 9.2. TeXHOJIOrIDI pa3pa6oTKH oNeTOB ........................................... 116

r JI a Ba

10. ABTOMaTH3aQIUI pa60Tbl c 061.eKTaMH 633 ,ll,llHHblX ················· 123 10. l. ABToMaTH3aU,IDI pa6oTbI c ,[latttthIMH rrpH JIOMOIU,H MaKpOCOB .......................................................... 123 10.2. ABToMaTH3aU.IDI pa6oThI c .[laHHhIMH rrpH rroMOIU,H rrporpaMMHblX MO.[lyJieil: .......................................................... 131 qACTh III

TAli.JIJlllHbIE TIPOD;ECCOPbl

r JI a B a

11. OceOBHble CBe,11,eeHJI 0 Ta6Jill'IHhlX nponeccopax .................... 134 11. l. IlOHSITHSI, orrpe,[leJieHHSI, rrpHHll,HJI ,[leHCTBHSI ....................... 134 11.2. TexttoJIOrIDI BhNHCJieHHH B cpe.[le Excel for Windows .......... 136

350

rJI a B a

12. TexuOJIOI'IUI ctiHHauCOBblX paC'leTOB B cpe,!1,e Excel ................. 143 12.1. Mo,!1,eJIH H MeTO,!l,bI qmHaHCOB0-3KOHOMHqec1rnx pacqeTOB .................................................................................. 143 12.2. BhrnOJIHeHHe pacqeTOB H aHaJIH3 .n,aHHhIX c rrpHMeHeHHeM <l>HHaHCOBbIX <l>YHKUHH ............................... 152 12.3. PacqeT rrpHMhIX H o6paTHhIX 3a.n,aq c rrpHMeHeHHeM MeTO.n,a rro.n,6opa rrapaMeTpos ...................... 154 12.4. BhIIIOJIHeHHe MHorosapHaHTHhlX pacqeTOB c rrpHMeHeHHeM cueHapHoro rro.n,xo.n,a ................................... 155 12.5. AHanH3 ,D,aHHbIX H BbI6op OITTHMaJibHOro BapHaHTa peweHHH c HCITOJib30BaHHeM Ta6JIH.Q IlO,D,CTaHOBKH .............. 158

r JI a Ba

13. TeXHOJIOI'IUI BLIDOJIHeHIUI HaY'llfO-HIDKenepHblX pac11eToB B cpe,!1,e Excel ........................................................... 19 3

13.1. 13.2.

HIDKeHepHbie pacqeTbI ............................................................ CTaTHCTHqecKaH o6pa6oTKa .n,aHHhIX ..•...................................

193 193

qACTb IV CHCTEMbl ABTOMATH3HPOBAHHOro IlPOEKTHPOBAHIDI

a B a 14. 06mae DpHHD,HDLI aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOro npoeKTnpOBaHIUI ...................................................................... 198

14.1. 14.2. 14.3.

TeopeTffqeCKHe OCHOBbl CHCTeM aBTOMaTffqeCKOro rrpoeKTHpOBaHHH .......................................•............................. 198 063op COBpeMeHHbIX rrporpaMMHbIX CHCTeM aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOro rrpoeKTHpOBaHHH ............................... 201 MeTO.D.bI asToMaTH3HposaHHoro rrpoeKTHpoBaHHH KOHCTpYK'fOpCKOH ,D,OK}'MeHTa.QHH .......................................... 203

r JI a B a 15. TeXHOJIOI'IUI aBTOMaTH3Hpoeauuoro npoeKTnpoeanu B cncTeMe AutoCAD ................................................................ 209

15.1. 15.2. 15.3. 15.4. 15.5. 15.6. 15.7. 15.8. 15.9. 15.10.

r JI a B a

TepMHHhI H orrpe.n,eJieHHH ....................................................... 209 06mHe CBe,D,eHHH 0 CHCTeMe .................................................. 210 OcHOBHhie rroHHTHH, rrpHMeHHeMbie rrpH pa6oTe B CHCTeMe AutoCAD ............................................................... 213 MeTO.n,OJIOrHH o6'beKTHoro rrpoeKTHposaHHH ......................... 214 Haqano pa60ThI c cHcTeMott ................................................... 217 CHCTeMa KOMaH,D,HOro Memo .................................................. 220 OcHOBHbie KOMaH,D,hl AutoCAD .............................................. 231 HacTpoM:Ka pa6oqei1: cpe.n,hl AutoCAD ................................... 236 TpeXMepHaH rpa<t>HKa ............................................................. 240 IlocJie,D,OBaTeJibHOCTb pa3pa60TKH qepTe)l(eH .......................... 244

16. CncTeMLI aBTOMaTH3HpOBanuoro npoeKTHpoBaHHJI TeXHOJIOfH'leCKHX npo~eCCOB ................................................... 256

16.1. 16.2. 16.3.

06mHe CBe,D,eHHH .................................................................... 256 C03.n,aHHe HCXO.D.HbIX 6a3 .n,aHHhIX ........................................... 256 IlpoeKTHposaHHe TeXHoJiomqecKoro rrpouecca Ha OCHOBe 6a3 ,D,aHHbIX ............................................................ 270

351

qACTb V KOMMYHHKAI.J,HOHHhIE IIPOrPAMMHhIE CHCTEMhl

r JI a Ba

17. IlpHMenenae INTERNET B npOH3BO.ll.CTBeBBOii

.11.eBTeJibHOCTH .......................................................................... 275 17.1. HeMttoro HCTOPHH .................................................................. 275 17 .2. 06JiaCTH ::1<P<l>eKTHBHOro rrpHMeHeHIDI Intemet-TeXHOJIOrH:if ............................................................... 276 17.3. TeXHoJiorIDI pa6oTbl c rrporpaMMOH Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 ............................................................................ 282

r JI a Ba

18. 18.1. 18.2. 18.3.

HTML - H3blK pa3MeTKll l'HDepTeKCTa .................................. 287 06mtte cBe.n;eHIDI o HJhIKe HTML ......................................... 287 CTPyicrypa HTML-,n;oKy~rnHTa ................................................ 289 063op KOMatt.n; HJhIKa HTML ................................................. 292

r JI a Ba

19. TexnOJIOl'HJI npHMenenHH pe.11.aKTopa FrontPage ..................... 306 19.1. 06mtte CBe.n;eHHH .................................................................... 306 19.2. IloJih30BaTeJihCKHH HHTep<l>e:ifc pe.n;aKTOpa ............................ 307 19.3. TexttoJiorIDI pa3pa6oTKH MaKeTa ca:ifTa .................................. 309 19.4. BBo.n; H <l>opMaTHpoBattHe TeKcTa ............................................ 321 19.5. )J,o6aBJieHHe CTPaHHII B MaKeT ca:ifTa ..................................... 325 19.6. IlpHMetteHHe TeM MH o<PopMJieHIDI CTPaHHII ca:ifTa ............. 332 19.7. PaJpa6oTKa <l>opM ................................................................... 333 19.8. BcTaBKa rnrrepcchIJIOK ............................................................ 342 19.9. BcTaBKa rpa<l>WfeCKHX o6'heKToB Ha CTPaHHIIhI ca:ifTa ........... 343 19.10. COJ,n;attHe cqeT'rnKa rrocemettH:if ............................................ 344

CrrttcoK JIHTepaTYPhI ................................................................................... 348