The Importance of Protein Supplementation

THE IMPORTANCE OF PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION

BY DEAN FISH, PH.D.

In the arid West, beef cow calf producers are faced with a growing array of options for nutritional supplementation. Not the least ofthese is the need to provide extra protein during times of low forage quality or other stress. The most effective supplementation programs will provide protein when the cow needs it and not waste it when she doesn’t.

Strategies for protein supplementation must be based on goals that the producer has for his or her operation. If an annual calving interval is desired, protein is part of a nutritional program to keep cows in adequate flesh to cycle after calving. Math tells us that in order to calve on a 365 days interval, cows must be bred back in 80-85 days (based on a 280-285 day gestation). The research has shown that cows should be in a Body Condition Score (BCS) of 5 or greater at calving to have acceptable rebreed rates. When spring calving in Arizona occurs, many times forage does not provide the needed nutrients to keep that cow from losing body condition at a rate that allows breed back in 80 days.

Supplemental protein works well in ruminants because of their unique digestive physiology. Simply put, protein supplementation increases digestibility of poor-quality forages, which in turn increases passage rate. An increased passage rate increases consumption, allowing a cow to reach her nutrition needs for maintenance, lactation and reproduction. Non-protein nitrogen (urea) can have a similar effect, but more caution should be used when feeding. Producers can consult with their nutritionist or extension livestock personnel to determine the requirements for their cows.

Protein is available in many different forms and delivery methods. Most common today are 200-250 pound tubs of cooked or poured products. Many of these have added fat or mineral packages. In addition, blocks are available, as well as loose feed. Regardless of the way protein is supplemented, have a strategy for why and when it is provided. A well-planned supplemental protein program will pay dividends to producers through decreased calving intervals and heavier calves.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Dean Fish-PhD has dedicated his life work to livestock production in the West. Growing up on ranches in southern Arizona, he participated in 4-H beef, livestock judging and leadership programs. He currently ranches and raises commercial Angus cattle and club calves in Santa Cruz County.