Measuring Sustainability

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The Value of Perenniality and Polyculture in Bioenergy Landscapes Dr. Tim Meehan UW Entomology, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center


Current Bioenergy Landscapes


Current Bioenergy Landscapes

40% of corn crop 13 billion gallons ethanol


Current Bioenergy Landscapes

40% of corn crop 13 billion gallons ethanol

15% of soybean oil 1 billion gallons biodiesel


Future Bioenergy Goals


Future Bioenergy Landscapes

Expanded corn and soybean production? Cellulosic ethanol from annual crop residues?


Future Bioenergy Landscapes


Future Bioenergy Landscapes

Miscanthus

Switchgrass

Poplar

Grasses and forbs

Replacement of annual monocultures with perennial monocultures or perennial polycultures?


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Why Bother?

Animal diversity increases with plant diversity at the field and landscape level.


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Why Bother?

Animal diversity increases with plant diversity at the field and landscape level.


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Why Bother? Meehan and Gratton, in review

Animal diversity increases with plant diversity at the field and landscape level.


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But, Really, Who Cares?

Klein et al. 2003

Diverse communities deliver services more affectively and reliably than simple communities.


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But, Really, Who Cares?

Diverse communities deliver services more affectively and reliably than simple communities.


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But, Really, Who Cares?

Diverse communities deliver services more affectively and reliably than simple communities.


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Bioenergy and Insect Diversity

Robertson et al. 2011

Insect communities become more diverse with biomass crop perenniality and polyculture.


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Bioenergy and Insect Diversity

Robertson et al. 2011

Gardiner et al. 2010

Insect communities become more diverse with biomass crop perenniality and polyculture.


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Removal of crop pests

Bioenergy and Biocontrol

Werling et al. 2010

Biocontrol potential increases with perenniality and polyculture.


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Bioenergy and Biocontrol Meehan et al. 2011

Pest abundance and insecticide usage declines with increases in perenniality and polyculture.


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Bioenergy and Biocontrol Meehan et al. 2011

Pest abundance and insecticide usage declines with increases in perenniality and polyculture.


Which Will We Choose?

Will society pay energy and biomass producers to use cropping systems that enhance biodiversity and biodiversity services?


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