Iraq : Humanitarian Profile - Mar 2008 IDPs by Religion (Mar 2008)
Internally Displaced Persons (Feb 2006 - Dec 2007) Total: 2.48M Before 2006: 1.2M 2006-2007: 1.28M
of 31Muslim Dec 2007) Kurd(as Sunni 2.9% Assyrian Others 5.3% Christian
Dahuk
TURKEY
114,198
Erbil
Ninewa
Source: IOM
34,003
66,970
Diyala 76,601
Baghdad
Babil Wassit 69,425
Kerbala
65,694
57,406
Missan
Qadissiya
39,070
21,732
140.372
Thi-Qar
Najaf
450-500
Basrah Muthanna
• Nearly half of surveyed IDPs displaced due to direct threats to their life or being physically forced to leave their property; less than one-third due to generalised violence (IDP Working Group). • 70% of IDPs highlighted their need for food and adequate shelter, 20% for improved access to water and legal aid (IDP Working Group).
Injured 60
Dead
20
Dead 0
Jan
Jun
Dec
as of Jan 2007
• Despite a decline in violence in the second half of 2007, only a small number have gone home, often because their resources are exhausted (UNHCR). • Many returnees have found their property occupied and have suffered secondary displacement (UNHCR). • Large numbers of skilled professionals crucial to Iraq's recovery have fled Iraq (UNHCR).
• Civilians account for the majority of casualties and fatalities (UNAMI). • Since 2003, 94 aid workers have been killed in Iraq (as of 27 Sep 2007); numerous others have been injured or kidnapped (NCCI). • Violent death statistics vary by source, due to different methodologies (estimates vs. reported numbers).
Gulf States *
Consolidated Appeal 2008 (12 Feb 2008)
TURKEY
Total: 265M USD
Dahuk
100
Food
Kirkuk Sulaymaniyah Salah al-Din Baghdad
100 Km
Anbar
80
ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN
Diyala
Qadissiya
SAUDI Not accepted AcceptedARABIA with restrictions Accepted Source: IDP Working Group
Health Protection/Human Rights/Rule of Law
60
40
Babil Wassit
Najaf
Housing/Shelter
Water and Sanitation Sector not yet specified
Kerbala
% IDPs with access to PDS without with access access PDS Card Validity Transfer
Iraq 2008 launched on 12 Feb 2008
Ninewa
KUWAIT
Created by ReliefWeb on 28 Mar 2008 Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - United Nations www.reliefweb.int – maps@reliefweb.int
80 60 40
Decrease in number most likely related to Multi-National Forces-Iraq “Surge” strategy around Baghdad starting mid-2007, creation of “Awakening Councils” in Diyala and Anbar and ceasefire by Mahdi Army (CAP).
Erbil
• Displaced Iraqis tend to seek refuge with family and friends; many IDPs have moved into schools, clinics and other buildings, or makeshift camps on public lands or in the desert (UNAMI). • Movement of IDPs is constrained: 9 governorates are restricting entry (require sponsorship, proof of endangerment, etc.), while 8 are imposing measures which limit registration (IDP Working Group).
2007 120
Iraq Body Count figures reflect documented (not estimated) civilian deaths from violence and exclude combatants. For details, see www.iraqbodycount.org/about/
40-100
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
0
Civilians Reported Dead & Injured per day
Source: UNAMI SSU
Limited registration Full access
151,000 violent deaths
Source: Iraq Body Count
Egypt
17,611
Limited physical access
Source: WHO IFHS
0
31,851
Access of IDPs to governorate for registration
Mar 2003 - Jun 2006, est.
Mar ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07
Public Distribution System (as of 31 Dec 2007)
40,107
60,459
SAUDI ARABIA
Source: IDP Working Group
57
Source: UNHCR, 1 IDP Working Group
365,618
JORDAN
2,4801
>200
Anbar 62,016
Islamic Republic of Iran
Iraq
Jordan
ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN
Violence (Mar 2003 - Dec 2007)
Mar 2003 - Dec 2007
1,200-1,500 20-50
Salah al-Din
50,000
Syrian Arab Republic
36,329
31,017
6-10
Lebanon
Sulaymaniyah Kirkuk 78,766
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
200,000
Turkey
Arab Shia Muslim 60.8%
Arab Sunni Muslim 27.7%
4.2 million Iraqis displaced around the world, including 2.4 million inside Iraq
Europe* 137
3.3%
Source: IDP Working Group
IDPs
Displaced Iraqis, in thousands (as of Mar 2008, est.)
Education Coordination and support services
Missan
20
Thi-Qar Basrah Muthanna
0
Full Requirements in Million USD
KUWAIT
• Government set up PDS in 1996, following years of international sanctions to ensure that every citizen receives a monthly food ration (WFP). • Lack of access to distributions due to insecurity, delay in the transfer of PDS registration, limited resources, or logistical difficulties. 22% of IDPs reported having regular access and 22% no access (IOM).
Agriculture/ Food Security
Source: CAP.
• An estimated 4 million people in the country are in need of food assistance as the Public Distribution System is weakened (UN OCHA). • One-year relief projects in the appeal will not replace government services, but assist in filling critical gaps while the government expands its response capacity (UN OCHA).
Iraq : Country Profile 1932 - 1994
1995 - 1999
2000 - 2004
1932 Iraq becomes independent state. 1958 Military coup overthrows monarchy; Iraq declared a republic.
calls for action against Iraq. Four days later, Iraq agrees to allow unconditional weapons inspections. UK alleges Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction capability. Nov – Resolution 1441 provides Iraq final opportunity for compliance with previous resolutions. Weapons inspectors reenter Iraq. US, UK, and Spain present deadline to disarm completely by 17 Mar 2003.
Mountains
1975 Iraq and Iran sign treaty to end border disputes. 1979 Iraqi Vice-President Saddam Hussein takes power when President Al-Bakr resigns. 1980 Saddam voids 1975 treaty with Iran. Iran-Iraq war
Population
Desert
Population: 29.7 million (2007 est.)
IRAQ Marshlands
1988 Both sides agree to UN-monitored cease-fire.
% using improved drinking water 79%
21%
Access to improved drinking water sources
No Access
47.7% with problems 18.5
8.6
1995 Under-5 mortality has risen from 29 to 140 deaths per 1000 since 1991. Poor sanitation and water treatment cause serious public health hazards. Agricultural sector is crippled by lack of supplies. FAO reports 4m at serious risk of malnutrition. April – “Oil for Food” drafted to authorize sales of Iraqi oil to purchase humanitarian goods.
20.6
Education % using improved sanitation facility 92%
No Access
8%
Access to improved sanitation facility
26.2% with problems 73.8
15.7
6
4.5
Occasional
damaged by war or neglected (2006/2007)
One in five primary school-aged children unable to go to school (2008)
Source: UNESCO, UNICEF
Problems reported None
70% of schools
Weekly
Daily
Source: MICS 2006
1991 Jan – Iraq ignores UN SC deadline for withdrawal from Kuwait. US-led coalition launches military action against Iraq ("Operation Desert Storm"). Mar – Following retreat from Kuwait, Iraq accepts cease-fire. Economic sanctions remain in place. UN assessment mission foresees humanitarian catastrophe in absence of ‘massive’ assistance. Apr – UN Special Commission (UNSCOM) established to monitor and verify Iraqi compliance with weapons bans laid out in cease-fire. Regular inspections ensue. May – UN Inter-Agency Humanitarian Programme established to assist vulnerable Iraqis; funding 1991–1996 totals $964m. Aug – UN SC proposes limited sale of oil by Iraqi government to finance purchase of food, medicine, and essential goods. Iraq refuses plan.
1996 May – Iraq accepts Oil for Food proposal. By December, pumping of oil begins. 1997 Mar – Arrival of first humanitarian shipments
under Oil for Food. Over next 6 years, $31b in humanitarian aid and equipment delivered. Nov – UN SC condemns Iraq’s continued non-compliance with weapons inspection regime.
1998 Dec – UNSCOM withdraws from Iraq. US and UK commence targeted airstrikes.
1999 Mar – UN human rights rapporteur reports failure of Iraqi government to distribute humanitarian goods, and its historical and ongoing violations of rights. Dec – UN Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) established to inherit the mandate of UNSCOM. Iraq continues to deny access to inspectors.
2004 Jun – Transfer of sovereignty to Interim Government of Iraq. Formation of Independent Electoral Commission. Public Distribution System (PDS) Wheat 9kg
Rice 3kg
Pulses 250g
Sugar 2kg
Tea 200g
Adult milk 250g
Weaning cereals 800g
Soap 250g
2005
Detergent 500g
Infant formula 1.8kg
= USD 15 4M
8.3 M 15.4%
2003
Veg. oil Salt 1.25kg 100g SALT
Water and Sanitation (2004)
2003 17 Mar – UN suspends operations in Iraq and withdraws international staff. Three days later, US-led military action commences. 28 Mar – UN appeals for $2.2b for immediate humanitarian assistance. 9 Apr – US forces advance into Baghdad. May – UN SC recognizes Coalition Authority pending formation of sovereign Iraqi government. UN staff deployed to Iraq to assist humanitarian, political, and reconstruction efforts. 15 Aug – Iraqi Governing Council established. 19 Aug – Bomb attack on UN headquarters in Baghdad kills 22, including UN Special Representative Sergio Vieira de Mello, and injures more than 150. UN evacuates remaining staff. Dec – Saddam Hussein captured by US forces in Tikrit.
SUGAR
Source: NASA/MODIS 2006
withdrawal and imposes economic sanctions on Iraq, including trade and oil embargo.
USD 1 per person per day (2005)
Source: COSIT, WFP
Infrastructure and population centers severely damaged; vast contamination by landmines and UXO.
1990 Iraq invades Kuwait. UN SC calls for full
54% of population spending less than
MILK
begins. UN Security Council (UN SC) repeatedly demands cease-fire, noting heavy loss of civilian lives, violations of humanitarian law, and Iraq’s use of chemical weapons, etc.
52.3
2005 - 2008
2002 Sep – At UN General Assembly, US President Bush 2005 Jan – Estimated 8m vote in elections for
2.6 M
3.6 M
11% Food insecure people Source: WFP/COSIT
47% of Iraqi population 26% Additional food insecure people if PDS discontinued
Transitional National Assembly. Oct – Draft Constitution adopted in nationwide referendum. Dec – Iraqis vote for Parliament. Shia-led United Iraqi Alliance emerges as winner, without absolute majority.
2006 Feb – Bomb attack destroys the golden dome of the Shia Muslim Al-Askari Mosque in Samarra. Resulting outbreak of sectarian violence will have lasting consequences, including massive displacement. Nov – Saddam Hussein found guilty of crimes against humanity. His appeal rejected, he is hanged on 30 Dec. 2007 Violence continues to unravel Iraqi society. Vast displacement, lack of goods and services, and insecurity compound vulnerability of millions. Mar – Launch of International Compact for Iraq. More than $30b pledged to support 5-year plan for peace and development. 2008 Feb – First Consolidated Appeals Process for Iraq seeks $265m to meet humanitarian needs over the coming year. Base map sources: UN Cartographic Section, Humanitarian Information Centre for Iraq. Narrative and statistical references: COSIT. Jan 2007. Population Estimates of Iraq for 2007. IDP Working Group. 3 Feb 2008. Internally Displaced Persons in Iraq Update. Amman. IOM. Jan 2008. Iraq Displacement: 2007 Year in Review. IOM. 1 Mar 2008. Emergency Needs Assessments - Bi-Weekly Report. NCCI. Accessed Mar 2008. NGO Coordination Committee in Iraq Homepage. [http://www.ncciraq.org]. Office of the Iraq Programme. Accessed Mar 2008. Chronology Webpage. [http://www.un.org/Depts/oip/background/chron.html] UNAMI. 5 Feb 2007. Humanitarian Briefing on the Crisis in Iraq. UNDHA. 1 April 1996. United Nations Consolidated Inter-Agency Humanitarian Programme in Iraq. UNHCR. 13 Dec 2007. Iraq Situation Map. [http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/456320748.pdf ] UNHCR. Sep 2007. Statistics on Displaced Iraqis around the World. UNHCR. 31 Mar 1999. Statement of Mr. Max van der Stoel. UNICEF/COSIT/Kurdistan Regional Statistics Office/Ministry of Health. Oct 2007. Iraq Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Final Report 2006 (MICS 2006). UNICEF. 12 Feb 2008. Press Release: UNICEF appeals for $37 million to save vulnerable Iraqi children. Amman. UNMOVIC. Accessed Mar 2008. Chronology of Main Events Webpage. [http://www.un.org/Depts/unmovic/new/pages/chronology.asp] UN OCHA. 12 Feb 2008. Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP). UNSCOM. Accessed Mar 2008. Chronology of Main Events Webpage. [http://www.un.org/Depts/unscom/Chronology/chronology.htm] WFP/COSIT. 2006. Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis in Iraq. WHO IFHS. 31 Jan 2008. Violence-Related Mortality in Iraq from 2002 to 2006. The New England Journal of Medicine. Disclaimers: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on all maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. The data and information represented originates from public sources as indicated. ReliefWeb makes every effort to use the latest available data and to ensure that its products are accurate, complete and timely, but no warranties are made to this effect. Comments are welcome to submit@reliefweb.int.