Advanced Design Portfolio
William Cook
Selected Work 2017-2019
Advanced Design Portfolio
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William Cook
“Make big plans; aim high in hope and work, remembering that a noble, logical diagram once recorded will not die, but long after we are gone be a living thing, asserting itself with ever-growing insistence.� -Daniel Burnham
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Advanced Design Portfolio
William Cook
Designer, Thinker & Maker
Contents
02 ― 11
Advanced Design B Professor Stan Russell
12 ― 25
Design Development Professor Daniel Currea
26 ― 45
Advanced Design C Professor Jan Wampler
46 ― 53
Multi-Family Housing Professor Trent Green
56 ― 85
Advanced Design D Professor Taryn Sabia & Brian Cook
86 ― 93
Tropical Architecture Professor Michael Halflants
94 ― 103 Competition Urban Design & Streetscapes ― 107 104
Additional Work Select Projects 2018-2019
Photography Select Works 2017-2019 108 ― 119
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The Mesa Verde Cultural Center The goal of this project was to design a cultural center located in the Mesa Verde National Park in Colorado. The project was oriented around the Spruce Tree cliff dwelling and had to be integrated into the canyon south of the site while including historic structures and ruins.
This studio had a focus on the abstract process of creating form. For the first half of the semester the studio created abstract graphics based off of existing studies and floor plans of the Hopi ruins that are found near the assigned site. From these we began to create a series f graphics that were slightly manipulated in order to create intersecting scales and hierarchy that would later become our floor plans and sections. The next step was to release our deign from the control that we had over the graphic development of each diagram. For this we studied the process of wood block prints that are a traditional art form from Japan. We selected shapes and patterns from our diagrams and made wood pieces that represented them. We then took paint and began pressing the wood prints onto varying types and sizes of paper to create new graphics. The unique character of each print was the inspiration for the design that was to become our cultural center. From there we began converting the diagrams into spaces through a series of models that played with the connection and scale of space. Since this project was focused on a natural site of a canyon, landscape was extremely important to the project. Due to existing trails, buildings and destinations on the site, the design had to respond to let the existing become just as important as the new intervention. Looking at the landscape decided that I wanted to let the design terrace
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and become just as much about the exterior space as the interior. This allowed me to break of the building footprints and create individual spaces that were connected by greenspace and a programmatic circulation for the museum. The maximum elevation change allowed within our intervention was 30 feet. This was done to give use the opportunity to play with depth and scale of vertical space but it was also done to ensure that we did not overwhelm the existing canyon facade that made the site so unique. The next technique that I wanted to focus on was changing the scale of space in a way that provided an emotional reaction that would reinforce the chosen concept. This could be done by integrating the programmatic movement with a system of scaled objects that are presented in a series to either make the person focus on their own scale or bring their attention to the scale of another object within that space. Due to the scale of this project, the design had to reflect a series of spaces and patterns that were distributed over a larger landscape design. Among the requirements for this project, we were told that we had to include a floor ceiling condition and a tower. With each of these objects interacting with an overall landscape that addressed the inter-spatial experience as well as the physical and programmatic connection between each of the elements that were to be
Project Project Year Class Site Location
: Cultural Center : 2018 : Advanced Design B : Mesa Verde Canyon : Mesa Verde, Colorado
Advanced Design B
William Cook
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Advanced Design B
Plan View of Site
Cross Section #1
Cross Section #2
Cross Section #3
Longitudinal Section
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ExistingTopography
The site for this project was one of the most important tasks that had to be completed for the class. Since I was the most familiar with 3D modeling and manufacturing processes, I was chosen to create the class site model while the rest of the group were on the trip to visit the site. The first step was understanding the topography of the site and how the canyon was situated in regards to the area around it. There were no existing 3D models of the site so I began a process of collecting data points from USGS topographic lines as well as elevation points. With these I began to construct a smooth topography mesh using images of the site to reference and assure that it was as accurate as possible. Once the site canyon was complete, I turned my focus to the most important detail in the site model. The main attraction for the site as well as the reason our project was located here was due to the cliff dwelling ruins known as Spruce Tree. This is the anchor for the design of our cultural center and as such needed to be well represented in the site model. As with the canyon there were no existing 3D models of the ruins, so I began the process of collecting floor plans, elevation studies, photographs as well as anything else that could help me create an accurate representation. I then began to extrude components and simply geometries so that I could create a solid 3D model of the ruins that would be exactly to scale. Once this was done, I converted the file type to allow it to be 3D printed with as much definition as possible. Then I began the process of manufacturing the overall site using CNC technology and solid wood.
William Cook
Modeling The Site Capturing Sense of Place Creating an accurate representation of the site was critical to the project. Each detail was recreated using available information to provide the class with a model that not only was aesthetically pleasing but contained the rich history and emotion of the site.
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Design Process
Wood Block Prints Discovering Forms & Patterns The overall composition of the project relied heavily on the generation of form that reflects the existing context and the history of the native ruins. Using the floor plans of the ruins we generated abstract graphics and went through a process of creating traditional Japanese wood block prints to allow uncontrolled forms to be generated.
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Advanced Design B
William Cook
Complex Spaces Circulation As An Opportunity Due to the site of the project, it became possible for elements to puncture through multiple layers as it moved in a linear fashion. This created spaces between layers that after further manipulation, became habitable routes for circulation. The tower section of the model takes full advantage of this as it contains two independent approaches and entry points to the overall structure. One is ground level and consists of a plaza space, while the second is a completely underground space that manipulates scale and light for a unique experience. The underground condition connects directly to the atrium allowing a physical datum as well as a programmatic movement that moves people seamlessly from one intervention to another.
Grade Floor Plan
Below Grade Floor Plan
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AbstractPerspective#1
AbstractPerspective#2
Experimental Sections
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Advanced Design B
William Cook
Final Model
Housing & Central Corridor Section
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Advanced Design B
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William Cook
View to Spruce Tree Ruins
Final Model
Final Model Light Study
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Design Development “Design is not just what it looks and feels like. Design is how it works.� -Steve Jobs
The focus of this class was to create an understanding of how a building functions not just programmatically or spatially but technically. We were asked to select a project that was completed as part of a previous studio that was over an assigned square footage and use it as a foundation for this class. The project was specifically not about design, rather the development phase of a project that would introduce us to the technical nature of buildings. We began by performing a site study that addressed the technical questions such as infrastructure connections, codes, regulations site, etc. We focused on water, sanitary sewer and electricity and how the begin to interact with the building as well as what constraints they put on a project. The next phase was to look at classification of spaces according to code and basic occupancy calculations that would later be used to define the systems that we would be putting in place within the building. Once these were complete, we began to look at mechanical systems and equipment that we would use. With the general details of the location and amount of plumbing resolved, the next step was to create a basic plumbing layout. For this phase we developed plumbing riser diagrams as well as detailed 3D models and sections showing how we addressed the requirements of the pipes within the structure. After assuming the location of the main electrical supply line, we integrated
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the distribution system with the layout of the building. The first step was locating the exterior transformer for the structure. Once that was completed in the site plan phase, the building itself has to provide a vertical penetration shaft large enough to fit all the electrical system cables, to all areas that needed to be serviced. Each of the floors would have their own sub-panels that would allow better access and control for the systems on each floor. This process of development was followed for each of the major functions of the building including fire suppression systems, reflected ceiling plans, and skin systems that the building would use. The last part of the project was to develop a catalogue of specific products that wold be used to construct the building. This included actual products from suppliers as well as detail drawing depicting how the functioned and would be integrated into our design. This proved to be one of the more time consuming assignments as we had to provide not just a generic detail, but how it functioned specifiably within our design. For example, water proofing the roof using membranes is a common technology. However, in the case of my design I had a dividing parapet that divided the roof space and patio area for my roof top terrace. This detail did not exist so I had to create a detail drawing in CAD showing how the elements fit together to create a functional detail.
William Cook
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Design Development
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William Cook
UNDERSTANDING THE NATURE OF THE PROJECT For this project we were tasked with designing an annex for the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York City, New York. This new annex would be located along the Highline and would become a new center-piece for the library. With several museums and galleries moving to the Highline, this project involved creating a design that gave the library a presence within the new location. At the beginning of the project we were given a list of requirements that the annex had to meet. Among these were program requirements that established the functions that the design had to take into account as well as minimum square footage calculations according to that program. We were also given a series of rules that we were to follow in regards to how we interacted with the Highline. The first and most important was that we did not cut into the existing structure but designed our intervention to accentuate it. Blending the new and the old was a specific focus that had been repeated all throughout Core Design III and this project was to be the culmination of all that we had learned up until this point. The second was that our structure could not extend over more than half of the width of the Highline. This was due to the nature of the overall Highline and its diagrammatic function of cutting through the dense urban fabric. It was important that no matter our design, the Highline would still remain full of natural light and a sense of being in nature. The last rule was that our building should not exceed 160 feet in height. The intent of the project was to create an intervention that did not disconnect itself from the context, but put an emphasis on the direct connection to the Highline and the surrounding area.
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Design Development
Overall Context
Site Location
Site Map
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William Cook
SITE DEVELOPMENT SITE ANALYSIS
OWNER: PIERPONT MORGAN LIBRARY
ADDRESS: WEST 26TH STREET & 10TH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK 10001
SUMMER SOLSTICE 9:00 AM
LATTITUDE: 40 44’59.61” N LONGITUDE: 74 0”10.85 W
TIME ZONE: EASTERN TIME ALTITUDE: 20 FEET
BUILDING INFORMATION ZONING: COMMERCIAL
LOT SIZE: 2,755,600 SQ. FT.
BUILDING TYPE: I-A SPRINKLERED
BUILDING SIZE: 40,250.00 SQ. FT.
OCCUPANCY: ASSEMBLY
HEIGHT LIMITATION: 160 FEET
SUMMER SOLSTICE 4:00 PM
OCCUPANCY LOAD: 400
BUILDING HEIGHT: 156 FEET 9 STORIES Due to the nature of this project and its proximity to the New York Highline, an in depth understanding of the environment was needed. More specifically, the sun pattern and shadows that would result from our building could not limit the sun on the Highline Park itself. After a series of solar studies at the Summer and Winter Solstice and a few more specific months out of the year, it became apparent that in order to design a sustainable building where active heating and cooling was minimal, it would require much more attention than time allowed. Within the immediate area of the site does there are not any buildings that exceed the height of 140 feet. While this allows us to be the tallest building in the area by approximately 20 feet, it also required us to pay more attention to the way that our intervention would change the current light and shadows throughout the site. For the class of Design Development, these studies were again used to develop an understanding of what requirements our mechanical, exterior wall material, window, shading and insulation systems needed to meet. Some of these strategies include shading devices such exterior prefabricated panels will be installed across the facade to provide protection from the sun. As well as double paned curtain wall systems that serve as thermal barriers for the exterior of the building.
WINTER SOLSTICE 9:00 AM
WINTER SOLSTICE 4:00 PM
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Design Development
FLOOR PLANS
GALLERY #1
COMMON AREA
GALLERY #2
Basement Plan
KICTHEN
STAIRS/RAMP CAFE
LOBBY
SECONDARY ENTRANCE
MAIN ENTRANCE FROM HIGHLINE
Basement Plan
Level #2
SECURITY
Foundation Plan
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MECHANICAL
Level #1
William Cook
SKY ROOM ROOF TOP DECK
BREAK ROOM OFFICE
CONFERENCE
Level #6
Level #9
STOR.
OFFICE ARCHIVE ARCHIVE
OFFICE
EXTERIOR PATIO
Level #5
Level #8
VIEWING AREA
ARCHIVE
RESTORATION
EXTERIOR PATIO EXTERIOR PATIO
Level #4
Level #7
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Design Development
FOUNDATIONS & STRUCTURAL COLUMNS FOUNDATION: 4 FT MAT FOUNDATION SLAB STEEL COLUMN SIZE: W10x49 STEEL BEAM SIZE: W12x26 FINISH: ARCHITECTURAL COLUMN FINISH CONSISTING OF FIRE-RATED DRYWALL PANELING. GRID: THE COLUMN GRID IS SET AT APPROXIMATELY 40 FT BY 40 FT. SMALL IRREGULARITIES DO OCCUR WHEN THE FLOOR PLATE STRUCTURE CHANGES FROM THE RETANGULAR FOOTPRINT. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS: THE FOUNDATION SLAB WILL DIRECTLY CONNECT TO THE RETAINING WALL ALONG THE PERIMETER OF THE BASEMENT FLOOR TO ALLOW BOTH A THERMAL AND MOISTURE BARRIER.
FOUNDATION SLAB PLAN WITH COLUMN GRID
STEEL W10x49 COLUMNS
STRUCTURAL COLUMNS & ISOLATED FOUNDATIONS
PILE FOUNDATIONS USED ALONG THE PERIMETER.
REINFORCED 6” CONCRETE SLAB
TYPICAL DETAIL
William Cook
CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM
MECHANICAL CONNECTION COVER #1
STEEL DECK CONCRETE FLOOR & ROOF SLABS
FLOOR STRUCTURE DETAIL
BEAMS & GIRDERS
STEEL TO STEEL CONNECTION DETAIL
COLUMNS
FOUNDATION
RETAINING WALL
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Design Development ROOM TAGS 1- LOBBY
4- ENTRANCE
2- SECURITY
5- MECHANICAL 8- ARCHIVE
7- OFFICE
3- RESTROOM
6- GALLERY
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1 1
8
8
8
5
3
6
5
1
3 6
6
5
1
4
3
4 2
2
SOUTH CROSS SECTION
NORTH CROSS SECTION
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1 7
8
5
3
7
3
8
7
7
5 1
7 3 1
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LONGITUDINAL SECTION #1
1
4 2
LONGITUDINAL SECTION #2
William Cook
SELECTING AND INTEGRATING THE MECHANICAL SYSTEM Due to the specific requirements that the chosen system had to meet in order to create a functional building design, the selection of the mechanical unit took more time than originally expected. Given the design of the project, creating enough floor space to fit all of the required units was the first step. The majority of the floor plates do not extend all the way through the building volume creating a small square footage but large open volumes. This combined with the multi-story open spaces made understanding the requirements for the system challenging. After editing the basic floor plans to add mechanical rooms and chases, the focus became selecting a specific system to model. The chosen system is provided by a company called Daikin. They offer complete solutions for mechanical systems and also include BIM models that can be integrated into Revit in order to test the effectiveness of the overall design.
SELECTING THE DUCT WORK AND LAYOUT FOR THE DESIGN Once the general system was selected it was time to select type specific types of ducts and provide the layout for each floor. Due to the amount of floors, we only completed a detailed RCP and duct layout for three floor.
METAL AIR RETURN
LEVEL #6
2’X2’ AIR DIFFUSER
LEVEL #8
TYPICAL RECTANGULAR DUCT
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FIRE PROTECTION SCHEMATIC According to the building type selected through the FBC 2017 6th Edition we selected a fire protection system that would best serve the functionality of the building. After providing a basic layout of fire suppression systems throughout the structure we also began to focus on specific details of fire rated elements that were important to our design.
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
FIRE CABINET
LEVEL #8 FIRE PROTECTION
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
FIRE CABINET
LEVEL #6 FIRE PROTECTION
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
FIRE CABINET
LEVEL #3 FIRE PROTECTION
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William Cook
MECHANICAL SCREEN DETAIL
ROOF DETAIL
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Looking To the Future Yaruqui, Ecuador.
This urban design studio focused on creating a proposal for future development in the small community of Yaruqui located outside the city of Quito Ecuador. The project addressed various scales of development from local houses to the overall urban scale in order to create a cohesive and functional design proposal.
This was the first draft at a solution to the question of development in the village of Yaruqui. We examined the people concerns, needs and aspirations in order to express a design for it’s future development. The goal was to accomplish this without losing the rich cultural and historical beauty of the community. Our approach was one of intervention in the existing context.
Project Project Year Class Site Location
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: Yaruqui Urban & Community Development : 2018 : Advanced Design B : Yaruqui Community : Yaruqui, Ecuador
Advanced Design C
William Cook
Graphic: Original Master Plan
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Advanced Design Portfolio
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William Cook
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Advanced Design C
Graphic: Understanding Scale Through Sections
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When establishing a vision for the city of Yaruqui we needed to understand the scale that the interventions would include and the changes in the urban fabric that it would create. Since the requirement of the project was to increase the size and density of urban development, we needed to know how the human scale would be incorporated into the design. Creating high density was a simple task in so much that it simply involved larger and taller buildings. However, preserving the culture and history of Yaruqui was not a goal that we were willing to compromise.
William Cook
The human scale is the most important part of any project. The design and creation of a building is not for the purpose of simply making an object. A building is designed for people. If that is forgotten, than it is nothing more than a collection of materials. The urban scale is the same. If the design forgets who it is ultimately for, or if it compromises itself by creating for another motive, then it can never meet the needs of those who are dependent on it. It can never accomplish, what in its purest form, was intended to be.
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Advanced Design C
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William Cook
Found Object Model When we landed back in the States, our first assignment was to break away from the concepts developed at first, and to explore and “play” with new possibilities. The mindset of “play” was the generator of form and fluid connectivity and overall scheme design. It was the first step in breaking us away from reality, so that we could begin to see the potential of this project. We began by collecting random parts from machines and objects that we found around the school. We then took the objects and created a newcompositiontoinspirespatialconnections.
Photograph: Found Object Model
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Advanced Design C
The focus of this model was to understand the density of the double main-street layout and how the intersect each other and connect back to the low exiting context. There is agricultural and natural preservation land which lines the model creating and urban boundary containing the development of the city, protecting it and the area around the community from urban sprawl.
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William Cook
Process Model 1/32 Scale
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Advanced Design C
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William Cook
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Advanced Design C
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William Cook
Throughout the project the main challenge was how our new design would address and incorporate the existing structures within the urban construct. Due to the lack of urban planning before and during the rapid expansion of Yaruqui, many families had built their own houses wherever they wanted using any material that was available to them. This resulted in very sparse density and the loss of a uniform language across the site. Our design had to be able to acknowledge and integrate these facades and create a new system that would allow the city of Yaruqui to begin to develop its own language and identity while facilitating the massive increase in occupants looking for higher quality of life.
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Advanced Design C
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William Cook
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Advanced Design C
A Home for Carmela In all the large scale design work, it is important not to forget the human scale. The scale of the individual living in the village. The individual going to work or taking their kids to the park. The next step was to zoom into this scale and understand how a member of Yaruqui would use the space in their new development and how could they be best served by the architecture.
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William Cook
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Advanced Design C
Photograph: SpaceBetweenModel
Negative Space Abstract Up until this point everything we had designed has been a process that considers form first. The goal of this model was to invert that mentality and create a transparent model of the interstitial, linear and connected spaces that the forms had been creating. It was a literal negative of our previous work.
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William Cook
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Multi-Family Housing This class had the focus of developing an understanding for the existing typologies that exist within Multi-Family housing and how they can be manipulated to an infinite number of variations to best meet the needs of the specific project.
The class deliverable was a book comprised of sketches and diagrams that represent the basic characteristics of each typology. The focus was to break down what defines each typology and why it is useful for categorizing housing developments. There is a difference between variations and typologies within the multi-family category. While variations are often seen as different floor plans or layouts, the typology is more basic as it usually happens on a larger scale. It also applies to the technical data such as code restrictions, occupancy loads, units per acre, FAR, etc. Developing a basic understanding of these concepts allows a designer to understand either the context of an individual architectural project, or the variety needed in the design of a good urban fabric.
Project Project Year Class Objective Deliverable
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: Housing Analysis : 2019 : Multi-Family Housing : Formulate Housing Typologies : Sketches & Diagrams
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Multi-Family Housing
Building Type:
Traditional Townhouse ADDITTIONAL FILL
PARKING
“SIX PACK” DEVELOPMENT
BLOCK INFILL MASSING UNIT ORIENTATION
MASSING
SINGLE FAMILY UNIT
CIRCULATION
SINGLE FAMILY UNIT
UNIFORM FACACE THAT ESTABLISHES OVERALL CHARACTER
PLAN VIEW TYPICAL LAYOUT
CIRCULATION
USED AS URBAN INFILL
ORGANIZATION CREATES STYLE
RYTHMIC PATTERNS
SECTION SHOWING CONTEXT FRONT ELEVATION THIRD FLOOR UNIT SECOND FLOOR UNIT FIRST FLOOR UNIT BASEMENT UNIT
UNIT SECTION
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These Units can often exists as stand-alone structures in specific urban environments. They can be designed to create street scale features that accent and encourage pedestrian experience as well as serve as an anchor for the integration of public space within the overall urban fabric. Parking is usually located behind the structure in order to compliment the scale, size and shape of the area. The can be made to match existing facades and can blend in most every area while achieving high density.
William Cook
Building Type:
Stacked Townhouse
USED AS URBAN INFILL
SECTION SHOWING CONTEXT
Buildings of this scale can be used by designers to create a sense of scale along the street facade that allows the individual person to feel comfortable within the high density urban fabric. Stacked townhouses units can be separated by floor or have multiple tenants per floor.This allows the building to accommodate more units within a smaller footprint. They can be used as work/live spaces as well as mixed use in commercial areas. It usually has a range of 25 to 30 units per acres depending on the specific area it is found.
TOP FLOORS
UNIT #2
UNIT #3
GROUND UNIT
UNIT #1
BASEMENT COMMON
ENTRANCE
MASSING
TYPICAL LAYOUT
ORGANIZATION CREATES STYLE
UNIT #2
UNITS INTERLOCK TO CREATE DOUBLE HEIGHT AREAS DOUBLE FLOOR SPACE UNIT #1
RYTHMIC PATTERNS
RYTHMIC PATTERNS
FRONT ELEVATION
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Multi-Family Housing
Garden Apartment Buildings
UNIT #2 UNIT #1 THIRD FLOOR
SINGLE ENTRANCE SECOND FLOOR
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN ORGANIZATION CREATES STYLE
FIRST FLOOR
RYTHMIC PATTERNS
EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC
ELEVATION
ENTRANCE
VIEW
CIRCULATION
SECTION
PARKING
MAIN ENTRANCE LARGE GARDEN SPACE
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BASIC SITE LAYOUT
Garden Apartments are medium density. They are usually found in medium density urban areas consistent with residential or overlay zoning. Structures of this size usually require multiple lots and are built in clusters. They can contain 10 to 12 individual units per building and typically has a range of 40 to 50 units per acre. This typology provides a more open rural atmosphere while maintaining higher density. It is one of the cheaper building options for developers and can be located around any urban or retail center.
William Cook
Courtyard Apartment Buildings
UNIT #2
UNIT #1
SINGLE ENTRANCE
SECOND FLOOR
UNIT #3
FIRST FLOOR
EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC
NATURAL LIGHT
PRIMARY ANCHOR
VIEW COURTYARD
PARKING
VEHICLE CIRCULATION PARKING
BASIC SITE LAYOUT
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Multi-Family Housing
Perimeter Block Buildings VEHICLE MOVEMENT
FIGURE 1.0
PARKING PARKING
FIGURE 2.0
BASIC SHAPE
VIEW
VOLUME
NATURAL LIGHT
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Perimeter block buildings are high density buildings that can function as multi-family or mixed use in urban commercial areas. It has a range of 65 to 70 units per acre depending on location. Is commonly used to achieve high density mixed-use areas.
William Cook
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Advanced Design Portfolio
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William Cook
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Advanced Design D
The Future Flood Studio The Future Flood Studio developed an in depth understanding of the built environment,, social and ecological vulnerabilities in Hillsborough County to sea level rise and flooding. Twenty four students from various disciplines including architecture, urban design, urban planning, public health and engineering developed proposals to increase resiliency and adaptive potential.
In hydraulic networks that transport water to and away from users in environment, redundancy is crucial to maintaining the function of the system in face of any disturbances. In the case of storm water drainage for example, that can include additional piping, or larger piping, or additional ponds to accommodate more flows. However, redundancies are expensive. There’s a trade off between the risk we are willing to accept and the time and cost we are willing to spend to protect our communities. When high risk is identified though, it is always worth the time and money. This concept carries over to other infrastructures comprising the urban fabric not just hydraulics and hydrology. Because these infrastructures are often studied independent of each other, the costs of building singular redundancies seems quite high. When infrastructures are taken as coupled systems, the benefits of increasing redundancies may instead outweigh the costs. Moreover, innovative strategies using opportunities/assets will be identified as we show in our project. As a result, this designed coupling of building infrastructure redundancies may allow for resource recovery and sustainability in day-to-day use. In Hillsborough County specifically, we have identified a high risk location with a concentration of both hard and soft infrastructures: the downtown and port area. Critical infrastructure at those locations include: social capital,
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businesses, power, sanitary sewer, fuel tanks, among other things. While the redevelopment of downtown has been beneficial to many, the continual concentration of growth and development in a single area will create challenges in the future as sea level rise increases. The worst case scenario puts Tampa at 37.8 feet of sea level rise, with coastal areas of the County most vulnerable. With over $3 billion of new investments coming online and thousands of new residents flocking to Tampa’s core, not only are downtown and the port area located in vulnerable areas, but they also stand to lose the most. Combined with Hillsborough County’s lack of redundancies, this creates of perfect storm of challenges for the community and region to bounce back in the event of a disaster, also known as resiliency. We propose providing secondary sites with a key principle of building network redundancies. Meaning, building connections to couple infrastructures in ways that foster redundancy and resource recovery. This is illustrated for two distinct sites, at different levels: retrofit (Temple Terrace) and new development (Port Redwing). Ultimately, these typologies not only protect in flood conditions but also enhance the quality of life of Hillsborough County residents. Project Project Year Class Site Location
: Networks of Resiliency : 2019 : Advanced Design D : Port Redwing &TempleTerrace : Hillsborough County, Florida
01USF Riverfront Park Temple Terrace
Site Overview:
A heavily urbanized/built environment is directly upstream from Ulelespring, where otherwise, there would have been a large buffer. Transition to the spring location is abrupt from N Highland Ave. However short, there still exists an extent of layering and buffering between the spring and the river. This area incorporates strong community connection by way of bridge, dam structure with audible waterow, and educational signs explaining habitat preservation. The dam below the spring bridge provides multiple services. Upstream, it pools water allowing ora and fauna to thrive by providing minimal ow of water and stability in the stagnation.
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Environmental Policy Information: Wellhead & Surface Water Resource Protection (Section 3.05.00)
Hillsborough County has established a couple of special water resource protection areas in order to ensure theprotection of existing and future public potable water supplies. The two districts are Wellhead Resource Protection Areas (WRPA) around public potable water supply wellsandSurface Water Resource Protection Areas (SWRPA) around surface water bodies that are upstream of a potable water supply system. Th two areas regulateor prohibit specic activities oruses within their boundaries. Specic uses that are prohibited within the areas include human cemeteries, junkyards, sanitary landlls, phosphogypsum piles, heavy manufacturing, industrial septic tank disposal systems, and dairy farms. In situations where a new prohibited activity will serve an overriding public interest or a compelling public purpose by being located within a WRPA or SWRPA, a Prohibited Use Operating Permitcanbe sought. The Board of County Commissioners must determine if there isan overriding public interest being served by the prohibited use in order for the Prohibited Use Operating Permit to be approved.
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Upland Habitat Protection (Section27-287)
The City of Tampa has designated all jurisdictional limits of the City lying north of Fletcher Avenue as the Upland Habitat Overlay District. This district was created in order to protect the few high quality xeric and mesic natural plant communities and wildlife habitat which remain in the City of Tampa, and for the protection of remaining large contiguous environmentally sensitive areas, in order to retain habitat diversity and wildlife corridors. No person is permitted to do site clearing, land alteration, or receive a development approval or building permit for any development on a parcel within the upland habitat overlay district until an upland habitat plan is approved by the City.
80’
The developer is required to protect xeric and mesic habitats, which constitute signicant wildlife habitat. Protection of xeric habitat is required to consist of preservation of all xeric habitat acreage existing on the property, up to fty percent of the upland area on-site. Preservation of mesic habitat is required to consist of preservation of all mesic habitat acreage existing on the property, up to twenty-ve percent of the upland area on-site. However, in no case will the preservation requirement exceed fty percent of the upland area on-site. Land owned by a public or non-prot entity, such as theUSF Riverfront Park, must be protected from any adjacent development that would adversely impact the lands or interfere with the stated habitat management and conservation use objectives of that property, including prescribed burning. For development proposed adjacent to a publicly owned natural preserve, a project compatibility plan, reviewed and commented upon by the agency managing the publicly owned lands and required as a condition of granting an upland habitat plan approval.
40’
Hillsborough County River Board:
The River Board is part of a consolidated agency that includes the Hillsborough County Metropolitan Planning Organization and the Hillsborough County City-County Planning Commission.The River Board established the Hillsborough River Master Plan incorporating policies broadly pertaining to: water quality and quantity; safety and use of the river; and protection of wildlife and its habitat and along the river. Appropriate portions of the plan were adopted by the local jurisdictions of Hillsborough County as part of their respective Comprehensive Plans.
Public Health Concerns and Benets:
0’
Existing policies oversee not only the safeguarding of our surface water, drinking water, and waterfront land, but have a direct impact on the protection of health and well-being. The direct impact on human health range from exposure from contaminated air from vehicles on Fletcher Avenue, waterpollution from stormwater runoff, or increased human exposure to mosquitoes that carry diseases that are spread through vectors such as mosquitoes in the area. These elements lead to long-term adverse health effects and require control measures to reduce personal exposure and risk. At USF Riverfront Park, access to the site location poses a public health threat as sidewalks and bike lanes do not promote use of these spaces and pose a threat to human life due to increased trafc in the area. However, the use of green space and access to nature provide a plethora of recreational activities that promote the uptake of physical activity and improves mental health through these interactions with the natural environment and social connections. There are features within the parks that are designed to promote health such as signage informing the public about alligators and poisonous snakes in the area, or bat houses which provide a natural solution to mosquito control. Access to life jackets, a rst aid kit and AED, along with trained staff in life-saving CPR skills providesan increased measure of safety. Having Oaks and Cypress trees in the area provide shade which reduces exposure to sun and heat. Water fountains over stations to remain hydrated, and bathroom facilities provide a level of sanitation for managing human waste. Recycling and trash bins throughout the park offer an alternative to disposing of trash in the waterways
Ecological Systems -40’
Structure: comp Function: suppo community and at sam er surface runoff by re and challenges seedl 28O04’11.32”N
20’
82O22’38.60”W
60’
100’
cted soil s heavy infrastructure for e time contributes to highucing inltration capacity, g growth.
140’
Structure: Bulk tree Function: transpiration: water movement up the tre and released to atmosphere.
180’
Structure: river sunlight and shade Function: sunlight on river allows water evaporation, cooling the atmosphere, while shade provides coolth, allowing for more dissolved oxygen that enhances water quality and sh health.
220’
Structure: hydroperiod, or uctuation of water inundation in the soil Function: water pulse that carries sediment, genetic material and can also carry contaminants or nutrients. The sediment and genetic material provide added structure to form habitat.
260’
300’
Structure: macrophytic vegetation’s arenkiyma, or, hollow stem Function: straw-like stem sends oxygen from the leaves to the roots, process called radial oxygen loss, that allows aerobic bacteria to live in the soil despite it being inundated with water.
340’
380’
Structure: fallen vegetation Function: provide organic matter for soil buildup, substrate for microorganisms in soil that lead to carbon sequestration.
420’
Structure: hammock tree roots Function: soil stabilization and symbiosis with fungal mycelium that function to transport sugars and nutrients between trees of same species.
460’
500’
02Ulele Springs Ridgewood Park
Site Overview:
In 1907, the City of Tampa built a pumping station at Ulele Spring, near the banks of the Hillsborough River. In 1910 the Tampa Streetcar Company built the hub of Tampa’s streetcar system and this beautiful stretch of river quickly lled in with heavy industrial uses. A sh processing plant, a shipyard, a dredging operation and the City of Tampa’s Police Station and Maintenance Facility ultimately choked off access to the Hillsborough River for the surrounding neighborhoods and lled in the natural spring run. In 2010, a project was initiated by the Ecosphere Restoration Institute to recreate this natural spring run. Approximately 500 feet of stream was restored (the spring drained through a pipe) and the spring ‘boil’ and associated ecosystem was also expanded in size and enhanced. The engineering and design portion of this project was funded, in part, through the Southeast Aquatic Resources Partnership’s NOAA Community-based Restoration Program.
120’
Environment Policy Information: Statewide Environmental Resource Permit Program (62-330)
Permits are generally required for site developments impacting the Hillsborough River which are larger than a small, recreational facility. For example, a private dock 500 square feet or less would not require a permit. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection has created a comprehensive, statewide environmental resource permit (ERP) program for such instances. The ERP program governs the following: construction, alteration, operation, maintenance, repair, abandonment, and removal of stormwater management systems, dams, impoundments, reservoirs, appurtenant works, and works (including docks,piers, structures, dredging, and lling located in, on or over wetlands or other surface waters, including the Hillsborough River. The Hillsborough River is designated an Outstanding Florida Water. This special designation is applied to certain waters and is intended to protect existing good water quality.
80’
Conceptual Approval Permits for Urban Inll or Redevelopment (62-330.055)
As part of the statewide environmental resource permit program, the state also stipulates that municipalities may request a conceptual approval permit for activities occurring within urban inll and redevelopment areas or community redevelopment areas. Following approval of the conceptual permit, any construction, alteration, operation, maintenance or removal consistent with the conceptual permit may be authorized to use a general permit for the urban inll and redevelopment projects. This includes projects that are developed in phases, such as phased development master plans. A conceptual approval permit does not authorize any construction. Rather a conceptual permit allows a municipality to maintain an additional level of outsight with regards to urban inll or redevelopment projects.
Hillsborough County City-County Planning Commission:
Tampa Comprehensive Plan is to outline a collective vision for sustaining and enhancing an attractive and safe city that promotes pride, passion, and a sense of belonging and highlight a city with a high quality of life. The Comprehensive Plan is divided into ve sections (Vision, People, Places, Natural Spaces, and Governance/Implementation) and is further subdivided into legislatively required subsections (Land Use, Mobility, Housing, Potable Water, Wastewater, Solid Waste, Stormwater Management, Coastal Management, and more). Some policies pertaining to this specic section include:
40’
Coastal Management Policy 1.1.6: Limit new development in the Coastal High Hazard Area to uses that are vested or shown on the Future Land Use Map and dened in the Urban Design and Land Use Element. Coastal Management Policy 1.3.3: Give priority to acquiring land in the Coastal High Hazard Area to increase open space, recreation opportunities, public access, and to reduce the risk of property damage from potential disasters.
0’
Coastal Management Policy 1.3.15: Utilize parks for episodic ood water attenuation in vulnerable areas. Coastal Management Policy 1.3.16: Plan for the retrotting and/or relocation of public uses in vulnerable areas. Buffers (Section 27-284): The City of Tampa requires buffers and screening between two or more land uses that are signicantly different. A buffer is a horizontal space from a property line and can only be occupied by screening, drainage areas, utilities other than solid waste storage, and landscaping. Mechanical or air conditioning equipment, outdoor storage areas, and parking areas are not permitted in buffers.
Public Health Concerns and Benets:
Development in the area, ensuring the Riverwalk remains cleanandadding features in the Ulele Spring pond design helping toimprovepolluted waterwayswill allencourage physical activity on and near the Hillsborough River in this area.Having access to bike lanes, bike racks, and offering bike sharing options for those planning to enjoy the amenities allows members in the community to enjoy the space. The Ulele restaurant and Armature Works provides a space for people to socialize with family and friends leading to improved social capital and mental health outcomes. Due to the area being in an urban location, health determinants such as air quality, noise, and walkabilityare more prominent in this area which impacts health outcomes such as asthma, obesity, and heart disease.
-40’
Ecological Systems
Structure: two sparse mangrove cluster Function: provide habitat for sh, increase water quality, and dissipate energy as water levels uctuates.
Recreational options promote mental and physical health such as a dog park, the Riverwalk path for walking, running, and biking, along with open space for sports, a play area for children and a splash pad.
27O57’34.55”N
82O27’47.63”W
20’
60’
100
Structure: hydric soil Function: absorbs phosphorous and metals so they aren’t harming wildlife in pond and/or river, accumulates organic matter from vegetation, allowing buildup of soil and subsequent carbon sequestration that leads to a cooler environment
140’
Structure: macrophytic vegetation in pond Function: uptake nutrients, attract vulnerable pollinators and participate in the trophic chain, also provide substrate for microorganisms to build soil
180’
Structure: urban land ll, sandy texture Function: allows quick inltration and percolation of rain water, good base for urban development but is devoid of organic matter and microorganisms.
220’
Structure: karst geology Function: limestone aquifer that stores fresh water and alkalizes (because of the calcium carbonate limestone) the spring water that helps precipitate phosphorous and metals out of the water.
260’
300’
Structure: concrete box stormwater culvert Function: collecting many gallons of urban stormwater runoff and quickly transporting it to the river, thereby reducing urban ooding upstream and reducing load at the spring
340’
Structure: palm trees in pooled spring water pond Function: provide partial shade to aquatic vegetation in the pond, and roots provide structural stability for the benthic soil.
380’
Structure: dam made of rocks and elevation Function: aeration that is important for water quality and provides enjoyable audible water ow sound.
420’
Structure: Spring, opening to the sub-surface, allowing fresh water to ow from aquifer to surface Function: release fresh, alkaline water to support ora and fauna
460’
500’
03Tampa Riverwalk Downtown
Site Overview:
While the city, as our public partner, is responsible for the design and construction of the Riverwalk, Friends of the Riverwalk plays a leading role in the generation of resident and tourist use through events, natural partner involvement and overall marketing of the Riverwalk. We also raise funds for Riverwalk enhancements such as shade structures, docks, more educational opportunities and entertainment venues. Through private participation and matching grants from Hillsborough County, the Historical Monument Trail has taken shape along the Riverwalk. Our goal is to enhance the quality of life and build a stronger sense of community for Tampa Bay by preserving the waterfront for use by our citizens and visitors in a way that inspires a sense of ownership and invites active participation in city life.
160’
While the city, as our public partner, is responsible for the design and construction of the Riverwalk, Friends of the Riverwalk plays a leading role in the generation of resident and tourist use through events, natural partner involvement and overall marketing of the Riverwalk. We also raise funds for Riverwalk enhancements such as shade structures, docks, more educational opportunities and entertainment venues. Through private participation and matching grants from Hillsborough County, the Historical Monument Trail has taken shape along the Riverwalk.
Environmental Policy Information:
120’
Tree Planting & Landscaping Requirements (Section 27-285)
The City of Tampa requires landscaped areas to be consisted of 60 percent native plant material and/or plant material adapted to local climatic and edaphic conditions. Landscaping should be planted in a way that conserves, preserves, and enhance land uses, natural land features, and natural and aesthetic values. Nonliving natural material which allows for percolation can also be used as landscaping material (example: turf).Setbacks and areas reserved for stormwater retention or detention ponds can be included to meet the landscaping requirements.
Stormwater Technical Standards for Private Development (Adopted December 5, 1996)
If a developer wishes to build in a Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA), then the City of Tampa requires an Elevation Certicate along with a construction permit. The Elevation Certicate can be obtain via the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
80’
Waterfront Overlay; Riverwalk Design Regulations (Section 27-181.5)
Variations of the Waterfront Overlay requirements for building setback, building design, off-street parking, loading, and/or Riverwalk improvements may be considered through the design district review process. The person seeking such improvements is also required to enter into a maintenance agreement with the City. Any property owner proposing to construct any connection to the Riverwalk or to construct a building or structure on any property within the Waterfront Overlay, shall constructthat portion of the Riverwalk to the design standards established in the Tampa Riverwalk Masterplan.
Central Business District Development Requirements (Section 27-183)
The City of Tampa requires any new development or redevelopment to have at least 10% of the parcel land area set aside for public open space. Open space is dened asan area open to the sky, but may include arcades, canopies, or other similar permanent features (with a minimum fteen feet vertical clearance from grade) to provide weather protection and unique architectural design, while allowing the movement of lightand air and maintaining commercial storefront visibility.The City of Tampa also requires building along the waterfront to have a 23-foot minimum setback.
40’
Stormwater Technical Standards for Private Development (Adopted December 5, 1996)
If a developer wishes to build in a Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA), then the City of Tampa requires an Elevation Certicate along with a construction permit. The Elevation Certicate can be obtain via the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Public Health Concerns and Benets:
This area has a high social vulnerability and the park may be a means of improving access to healthy avenues to reduce risks of psychosocial stressorsthrough sports, exercise, and a safe walkable space. The park addresses environmental determinants of health –particularly air quality, using bat houses to manage bugs and mosquitos, and improving walkability of local community members being able to easily access the space. Use of water features have been designed to improve upon physical health by offering options for youth to join a rowing team. Health determinants related to the waterways includedesigning with a health lens to look at the long-time scales that lead to environmental change (i.e., climate change, sea level rise, ooding) rise and ooding. This location has a diverse cultural and historical value to the community fabric that can alter the community. This space is public accessandincludesimportant features that add to public safety including lighting, re extinguishers on the docks, shelters for shade and weather protection, water fountains for hydration, and misters for heat protection.
0’
Ecological Systems
-40’ 27O57’07.59”N
20’
82O27’52.83”W
60’
Structure: Stormwat Function: treats urba from Fortune Ave) for sus removing metals that are harm river water quality; a pond allows thriving wetla 6 cypress trees and nativ shaded and cool micro-cl
100’
detention pond runoff (collected ended solids, thus dsorbed and may the same time d environment of grasses, creates ate
Structure: 24” circular storm water gravity main Function: directing outow from detention pond to the river
140’
180’
Structure: box concrete stormwater culvert Function: directing upstream surface runoff of park and adjacent two roads into the river
Structure: seawall Function: abrupt barrier between river and developed land
220’
260’
300’
340’
380’
420’
Structure: oak tree Function: provides shade, organic matter, rainfall abstraction, and maintaining soil form
460’
500’
PLANTS
Critical Infrastructures According to the data shown, there is an absence of constructed wetlands near the highest concentrations of industrial sites. A constructed wetlands would be an asset to mediating the potential hazardous contamination caused by ooding in these vulnerable locations.
Advanced Design D
IDENTIFYING VULNERABILITIES
Industrial sites are along the bypass canal and along Critical Infrastructures the coast, meaning if they are compromised in the Critical Infrastructures case of an extreme event,there they jeopardize According to the data shown, is an absence of downstream According to the data shown, there is analso absence of owofupstream, constructed wetlands near themay highest concentrations mangroves, wildlife, and back- constructed wetlands near the highest concentrations of asset industrial sites. A constructed wetlands would be an threatening public health. industrial sites. A constructed wetlands would be an asset to mediating the potential hazardous contamination to mediating potential hazardous contamination caused bythe ooding in these vulnerable locations. caused by ooding in these vulnerable locations.
Industrial sites are along the bypass canal and along Industrial sites meaning are alongifthe bypass canal and along the coast, they are compromised in the the coast, meaning if they are compromised in the case of an extreme event, they jeopardize downstream case of an extreme event, they jeopardize downstream mangroves, wildlife, and may also back-ow upstream, mangroves, wildlife, and may also back-ow upstream, threatening public health. threatening public health.
SiteS
SiteS POWER POWER PLANTS PLANTS
INDUSTRIAL SITES
INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIALSITES SITES
WASTE SITES
WASTE SITES WASTE SITES
SUPER-FUND SITES SUPER-FUND SITES
SUPER-FUND SITES
Enlarged map highlights concentration of hazardous industrial sites sites Enlarged map highlights concentration of hazardous industrial Enlarged map highlights concentration of hazardous industrial in an at high risk for ooding. in area an area at high riskfor ooding.
in an area at high risk for ooding.
sites
Presenc Pres Presence o
Preo Presence Presenc Presenc Pres Presence o
Preo Presence Presenc Pres Presenc Presence o sew sewage sewage inf
VACANT VACANT LAND VACANT LANDLAND Vacant Land
VACANT LAND VACANT LAND VACANT LAND
SEWER: HIGH CONSEQUENCE SEWER: HIGH CONSEQUENCE SEWER: HIGH CONSEQUENCE OF FAILURE OFOF FAILURE FAILURE Sewer: High Consequence of Failure SEWER: HIGH CONSEQUENCE SEWER: HIGH CONSEQUENCE SEWER: HIGH CONSEQUENCE OF FAILURE OF FAILURE OF FAILURE
FOOD DESERT FOOD DESERT FOOD DESERT Food Desert
FOOD DESERT FOOD DESERT FOOD DESERT
Preo Presence Presenc sew sewage inf sewage Pres Presence o Presenc
Preo Presence Presenc Prox Proximity to Proximi
Proto Proximity Proximi Abs Absence o Absenc
Abs Absence o Absenc Abs Absence o Absenc
Industrial/Hazard Sites INDUSTRIAL/HAZARD INDUSTRIAL/HAZARD SITES INDUSTRIAL/HAZARD SITES SITES
HospitalsHOSPITALS HOSPITALS
HOSPITALS
Emergency Shelters EMERGENCY SHELTERS EMERGENCY SHELTERS EMERGENCY SHELTERS
Abs Absence o Absenc Non Non-rural: Non-rurp
Non Non-rural:
William Cook
Big Bend Power Plant
Downtown Business District
Waste-WaterTreatment Plant
PetroleumTanks & Chemical Storage
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PORT REDWING EXPANSION
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William Cook
ECONOMIC VITALITY
HOUSING A blend of housing types that contribute to a diverse and active neighborhood typology.
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
LOW DENSITY
MEDIUM DENSITY
HIGH DENSITY
ACCESSIBILITY
GREEN SPACE
ZONING
COMMERCIAL
HOTEL
DINING
CORPORATE
EVENTS
QUALITY CONTROL
WATER
AIR
WALK ABILITY
AESTHETICS
PUBLIC SPACE
EDUCATION
CURRICULUM
HEALTH
ENERGY
ECOLOGY
RECREATION
WATER MANAGEMENT
STORAGE
HYDRAULICS
INFRASTRUCTURE
AESTHETICS
ECOLOGY
EFFICIENCY
STORM
SEWER
ENERGY
PURIFICATION
ECOLOGY
LANDSCAPE
GREEN SPACE
WETLAND
PURIFICATION
RECREATION
HEALTH
$$
SERVICES Multi use zoning in high density areas creates economic opportunity for businesses small and big alike.
HEALTH + WELLBEING Creating and maintaining a standard of community living that is attractive and responsible.
CONGREGATION Development that facilitates and encourages social interactions within the public realm.
AUXILIARY BYPASS A constructed canal system that reduces the flooding impact in the immediate and surrounding areas.
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
20/40/40
UTILITIES State of the art systems that reduce impact on the environment and eliminate problems associated with flooding.
ECOLOGICAL Green infrastructure components create multi functional outdoor spaces that contribute to a healthy Florida landscape.
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Advanced Design D
PORT REDWING EXPANSION DISTRICTS
DISTRICT 1
DISTRICT 2
DISTRICT 3
DISTRICT 4
91 acres
173 acres
131 acres
334 acres
DISTRICT 6
DISTRICT 7
DISTRICT 8
DISTRICT 9
DISTRICT 10
127 acres
405 acres
265 acres
162 acres
322 acres
BUFFER DISTRICT
68/ Left
DISTRICT 5 322 acres
District #1 demonstrates the principle of building networked redundancies by following the natural flow of water to create connected (i.e. networked) water drainage infrastructure. This is contrast to the often disconnected suburban retention pond proliferation, and includes a combination of green, grey, and smart hydraulics.
DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT
William Cook
BUSINESS DISTRICT & TRANSIT HUB
NATURAL WATER COLLECTION AREAS
PUBLIC GREEN-SPACE AND RECREATION
RECREATIONAL FLOOD SYSTEM -DRY
Overlay District
RECREATIONAL FLOOD SYSTEM -FLOODED
The Port Redwing Overlay District will serve to reinforce the shoreline protection, land use requirements, and development regulations. The overlay district will require all development project to set aside twenty (20) percent of their land for green space. The overlay district will require green infrastructure in all developments, such as permeable surfaces and green roofing materials. The overlay district will require all developments to get fifty (50) percent of their electricity needs from renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, or biomass. The overlay district will not feature parking minimum requirements and should promote shared parking facilities whenever possible. Port Redwing and the land immediately adjacent should be rezoned for industrial and recreational uses. The land immediately surrounding that should be rezoned for office and other commercial uses. Surrounding that, mixed-use commercial and residential.
Zoning and Land Use Port Redwing and the land immediately adjacent should be rezoned for industrial and recreational uses. The land immediately surrounding that should be zoned for office and other commercial uses. Surrounding that, mixed use commercial and residential. Zoning is a way of regulating land use that divides jurisdictions into zones or districts. Zoning can be used to regulate uses, setbacks, rolling easements, and more. Future land use maps should be updated to reflect these zoning changes.
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Advanced Design D
1/4 MILE
1/2 MILE
1 MILE
URBAN MIXED USE HUB
WALKABILITY
HIGH DENSITY CORRIDORS
PRIMARY VEHICLE TRAFFIC
LARGE SCALE URBAN WATER SQUARES
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William Cook
URBAN WATER SQUARE -DRY
URBAN WATER SQUARE -FLOODED
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Advanced Design D
WATER MANAGEMENT AS AN AMENITY FOR THE URBAN CONTEXT
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William Cook
COMBINATION OF GREEN & GRAY INFRASTRUCTURE FOR WATER MANAGEMENT
LARGE WATER RETENTION/DETENTION THAT FUNCTION AS AN AMENITY
GREEN SPACE THAT FUNCTIONS AS FILTRATION & STORAGE FOR STORMWATER
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Advanced Design D
TEMPLE TERRACE - THE URBAN CANAL
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William Cook
This site demonstrates the principle of building networked redundancies on two different levels: first, adding connected water storage and drainage components, and second, coupling stored and flowing water with other infrastructure systems, including: community recreation amenities, and resources from neighborhoodscale sanitary sewer treatment. This is accomplished via, grey, green, and smart hydraulics.
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Advanced Design D
Social Capital:
1
Our built environment can foster high levels of social engagement that builds resilient and integrated communities that reduce the barriers that affect both physical and social vulnerabilities. Community spaces cultivates relationships and builds the social capital needed to connect families in need with the resources and social support networks to help those in need before, during, and after a disaster.
2
Sense of place and sense of belonging encourages those that have been affected by flooding or storm surge events to come back
3
Community resilience encompasses individual preparedness as well as establishing a supportive social context in communities to withstand and recover from disasters
Increased Walkability:
1
Improved walkability of an area improves quality of life through improved physical and mental health.
2
Allow residents to have improved access to health care, education, healthy food options, and services that they may need every day and in times of disaster
3
Everyday public health interventions through community design features have a direct link to more resilience communities.
4
Reducing obesity leads to prevention of chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and asthma. Complications among populations with chronic disease tend to lead to increased illness and death following the impact of a disaster.
5
Poorly maintained sidewalks and improper lighting leads to injuries that may hinder a person from being self-sufficient and able to care for others.
6
Walkable and connected communities build social networks and foster social capital.
n
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n
1/4 MILE 1/2 MILE
WALKABILITY
1/4 MILE 1/2 MILE
PRIMARY ROUTES
1 MILE
COMMERCIAL CORRIDOR
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HIGH DENSITY URBAN GRID WITH ORGANIZED PUBLIC GREEN-SPACE
WATER MANAGEMENT BECOMES THE ORGANIZER FOR GRID
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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK ST
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
Advanced Design D
AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
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William Cook
ECONOMY MIXED-USE / HOUSING DEVELOPMENT
PARKING: DESIGN STANDARDS • In this resiliency plan, the quantity of the parking space is measured as 3.3-5 cars per 1000 sq. Ft including aisles and landscaping. However, the exterior spaces of the retail stores are devoted to the green space and walkable movement. • In this plan, we have followed the policies and principles mentioned in the Tampa Comprehensive plan 2040. Such as, designing shared parking facilities for commercial and residential development to minimize the traffic congestion along the density mixed-use corridor. However, this resiliency plan promotes the pedestrian movement with an attractive and active landscape and streetscape.
• The resiliency plan is a mixed land use development with the higher to lower densities. However, the residential units provide the housing facilities for the lower to higher income families. The development along the Harney road is a higher density commercial corridor with the retail spaces, shopping complex and the hotels. Moreover, the development along the constructed wetland has a higher density residential unit, such as multi-family units and townhouses. • This plan follows the Tampa comprehensive plan vision by adapting policies regarding housing densities and housing programs. 1. Such as, seeking a public-private partnership to provide affordable housing. 2. It provides affordable properties to minimize the dependency on public housing. 3.
Below market rate interest program.
ECONOMIC STATUS: DOWNTOWN population breakdown resident population
37.19 median age
49% Male
51%
93,407 (2010 census) 107,658 (2022 estimate)
(3 mi. radius)
Female
58,435 (2014)
worker
58,435 (2014)
population
residential and commercial development
4,000
commercial SQFT
14,500
office buildings
9%
466,684
new residential units
planned units units under construction newly opened units
26
6,017,990
8,300 retail SQFT
up 3.7%
class a vacancy rate
highest asking rents in cbd history
$27.12
2,200
overall market per sf
lifestyle
140
dining options
4
$$ 21
grocery
total students
12 hotels
banks credit unions
9
schools
302 amenities and services
74.5% occupancy
rate
2,903 rooms
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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
Advanced Design D
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William Cook
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY
Streetscape Design Standard • The resiliency plan has building setback lines from the proposed canal’s edge. However, it also encourages appropriate public easement. • Moreover, the design principle follows the comprehensive vision by creating a connection between various activities with the circular pedestrian connection. • The proposed design provides a direct connection between neighborhoods and retail stores. The aim of this strategy is to minimize the conflict between walkable spaces and vehicles.
Land use Impacts Planning Objectives
• In this resiliency plan, our strategy is to change the travel behavior of the people with the help of land use planning. This planning indicates the model of new urbanism by providing multimodal, compact, mixed and walkable development. Moreover, higher density mixeduse development is designed to create a sustainable mode of transportation and less dependency on automobiles. The roadway design and land use pattern coordinate with each other to provide the transit-oriented accessibility.
1 - Drivers 2 - Functions:
abiotic
1. Remediation
hydraulic residence time
a. Optimization of Rhizodengradation
2. Scaffold - light and temperature
biology and chemistry a. Mat coverage reduces light penetration into water column limiting algae growth b. Impacting biofilm community: mostly non-photosynthetic bacterial communities (kirkwood, 2015)
3. Aesthetics
a. Vegetation b. Wildlife attracted c. Community gathering
1. Site
biological a. Lay of the land b. Hydrology c. Climate 1. Evaporation 2. Precipitation 3. Temperature
biochar media
2. Scaffold 3. macrophytes and support
a. vegetation b. microbes c. fungi
3 - value:
modifying metal speciation and/or sorption characteristics of biofilms
feedback
ecosystem services
1. Habitat:
cover to promote fish, turtle, insect population and food source for water fowl a. attract pollinators with certain flowering species such as canna
2.
Removed biomass - compost or biofuel - energy
3. Water quality 4. Social infrastructure
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Advanced Design D PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
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WATER IN MOTION
Proposed canal Regulations • The proposed canal shall have enough drainage easement and it shall allow the entity to have the access for the installation of the canal. However, the canal shall have unobstructed 20 feet wide space from both the sides for the future maintenance purpose.
Storm water management • Hillsborough county construction code, plumbing codes and Storm water management tech manual do not specify the clear regulations regarding the rainwater harvesting. In addition, it does not specify that the rainwater could be reused for the non-portable purpose such as flushing toilets. Also, the code/ manual does not provide regulations regarding the allowance of rainwater collections through barrels or cisterns. For example, the standard zoning setback area required to place the barrels on the ground area or on the rooftop. Goal: We can harvest the rainwater by revising the plumbing code. However, sustainable rainwater harvesting can be helpful in our site to minimize the rainwater runoff through impervious material to the proposed canal.
Engineering Principles: Early Seperation ARC Principles: Built Environment Infrastructure
sludge
urine
filtration
biochar facility
Engineering Principles: Keeping water local
distribute
and replenishing the ground water
ARC Principles: Built Environment Ecology
ecological treatment
Metals Nitrogen Phosphorus Organic CEC’s
$$ hydrologic storage
Sustainability, Education, and Community Gathering
distribute retain
on-site
ARC Principles: Economic Capacity
ARC Principles: Social Infrastructure
collection and reuse
water quality considerations
storm runoff
sewage
storm surge
recreational wetlands
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Advanced Design D
RECREATIONAL FLOOD SYSTEM -DRY
RECREATIONAL FLOOD SYSTEM -FLOODED
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LARGE SIDEWALK AND GREEN SPACE BUFFERS BETWEEN VEHICLE AND PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
AERIAL VIEW OVERLOOKING HARNEY ROAD & COMMERCIAL CENTER
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Tropical Architecture
Project Project Year Class Site Location
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:St.Armand’sResidence : 2019 : Tropical Architecture : 335 Washington Drive : Sarasota, Florida
William Cook
Tropical Architecture
Understanding the context is crucial to the design and development of a successful project. The task was to create a modern residence located in Sarasota that responded specifically to its environment.
The context in many ways is what defines the project. It dictates size, scale, material, structure, etc.This class focused on developing a house that was designed specifically for tropical environments such as that found in Florida. It needed to be sustainable in both its construction and maintenance but it also needed to provide extensive comforts as a modern residence. My design addressed three main concepts that dictated my overall form and layout of the house. Wind Water Landscape
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Photograph: Final Model
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North Elevation
South Elevation
Section
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Tropical Architecture
West Elevation
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Second Floor Plan
First Floor Plan
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Advanced Design Portfolio
Final Model
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Spatially Interconnected Levels
Exterior Patio & Pool
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Advanced Design Portfolio
Competitions Over the past few years I have had the opportunity to participate in competitions that were open to students. The ones that I submitted to were considered real world competitions and were not exclusively theoretical. The two competition submittals that are included in this portfolio were simple yet powerful concepts that were able to express something new through design. The goal was to gain experience designing in the real world and build connections with professionals in varying disciplines in the Tampa Bay area.
OriginalSketches T.W.I.R.L.Concept
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Tampa Bay Design Week 2018 Sol Design + Muhndi Intervention Exhibition Concept Submittal
Concept: The concept of the design is to return the focus to the rich history and culture of Ybor while providing a safe, fun and interactive experience to the public. The intention is to tell the story of Ybor through chaptered interventions throughout the urban fabric. The pop-up park will be the hub for the experience as it will have multiple interactive elements that correspond with phases that the person experiencing will be a part of. The main installation functions according to the concept of T.W.I.R.L. (Think, Walk, Interact, Relax and Learn). Each person will have the oppurtunity to complete small assignments that will lead them to better interact with the pop-up park as well as develop a unique memory map of the city of Ybor. “Instead of creating a space, we activate an existing fabric and reveal the hidden treasures, which lie in its folds.” - Zechariah Correa Components: • Main Pop-Up Park Interactive Art Piece Map and Information (Beginning & End) Social Interaction Space Relaxing Space • Hidden Interventions • Instructions on how to find & interact with the interventions.
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Think
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Relax Learn
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Interactive String Art Piece
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USF Transportation Day Street Section Design Competition Maple & Alumni Drive
Site Overview:
The site is located at one of the larger intersections on the south-east side of campus. There is a large amount of vehicle traffic at specific hours of the day but for the most part remains empty. Three out of the four corners of the intersection are large parking lots that serve the surrounding area. However, only the Yuengling Center parking is consistantly used near capacity. The second lot serves the Patel Center and the Alumni Association building while the third remains effectively empty. This parking lot is of interest due to its prime location to be used as a new structure or other type of use that maximizes both the exposure to motorist as well as pedestrians in the area. The current lot is a combination of dirt and paved parking spots with a smalls screen around the property to block the view. This causes a visual break between the areas where pedestrians currently are and creates an eye-sore in front of the Patel building which is situated further back.
Alumni Drive As A Barrier:
A Large Road That Divides The Campus Instead of Connecting
Currently, Alumni Drive acts as a large divider between the Southern edge and the rest of the Tampa campus. Beginning in the area adjacent to Fowler Fields and the Yuengling Center, it continues West past the College of Business, College of Engineering, JP and Magnolia dorms and Magnolia Fields. However, on the Southern side of the road lies many of USF’s newer buildings including the research side of campus. After completing site studies and observing pedestrian movement along Alumni, it became clear that very few people, including those who work in the area, ever walk along Alumni much less cross it. The only area of alumni that regularly sees pedestrian use is the section between the Engineering II Building and Beard Parking Garage.
An Environment That Does Not Facilitate Or Encourage Pedestrian Use
As a major road that connects many important areas of campus, there are many opportunities to create pedestrian friendly and walkable places. A good example of this would be the lack of crosswalks along Alumni between popular destinations. When examined with a critical eye, there are long stretches of this road that do not allow any kind of pedestrian crossing. For example, there are no pedestrian crossings to the East of the Alumni & Maple Drive intersection. Instead, it dead ends into another large road in which vehicles are allowed to turn freely onto Alumni. Any person who has parked their vehicle in the Yuengling Center parking lot has to run across 4 lanes of traffic to make it to Fowler Fields. This is not only a safety risk, but it also reduces the use of the facilties due to increased diffculty of transportation.
Establishing A Vision For The USF Tampa Campus:
The goal of this project submittal is to inspire a collective vision for sustaining and enhancing an attractive and safe campus that promotes pride, passion, and a sense of belonging. In many situations, developing a basic understanding of the existing components and their consequences opens the door to implimenting techniques or technology that brings about positive change. The following basic concepts begin to define a possible approach through which a solution may be found. Street Area Ratio: Understanding how the ratio of street space and the size of the structures on either side have an impact on the way that the street is experienced. Walkability: Give priority to pedestrian movement instead of the traditional vehicle. Develop a system of places that are within a .25 mile radius that begin to connect different areas of the campus. Creating Places: Understanding the difference between simply making an object in space or simply space, and making a place that people want to experience.
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Connection to The Overall Context: Acknowledge the importance of modifying developments or creating new ones that react to the context in which they are found. Develop a master plan that encourages the connectability of all different programs. Implementing Buffers: Providing a basic system of buffers that promote the wellness and safety of pedestrians in areas where vehicles are in use. I.E. trees, hedges, light fixtures, benches, etc.
Public Health Concerns:
Areas and developments that minimize the ability of people to be active has a direct impact on health. Street design plays an important role in the process of creating an urban environment that encourages healthy living. Having access to bike lanes, bike racks, and offering bike sharing options for those planning to enjoy the amenities allows members in the community to enjoy the space. Activating streets also provides a space for people to socialize with family and friends leading to improved social capital and mental health outcomes. Due to USF becoming a more urban location, health determinants such as air quality, noise, and walkability are prominent things that impact health outcomes such as asthma, obesity, and heart disease. Among the concerns presented, the overall safety of pedestrians across campus becomes a critical focus for public health. As mentioned before, Alumni Drive connects many important areas along the Southern end of the campus. However, there are very few designated crossings in areas where there should be. Unfortuneatley, the absence of crosswalks does not stop many people from crossing whenever and wherever they want to. This poses a risk to the public safety and it is something that needs to be addressed as the campus continues to grow and population of studnets rises steadily. Overall, lack of intentionally designed streets and the areas connected to them has an impact on the overall health, safety and well-being of the people on the USF Tampa campus.
Existing Problems
Development Concerns:
The development of this area of campus has occurred in a series of isolated the projects serve their purpose in regards to function while at the same time start to arise when the connection of each building or area with the overall c site specifically is of particular interest due to the potential of it to become a
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Problem: The Wrong Focus Result: When the design of public space and related systems become secondary or isolated objects in the overall context, the very thing that makes places habitable is lost.
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Problem: Disconnected Public Space Result: When public space is not actively connected to surrounding networks they become isolated and generally are not used as they were intended to be.
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. When looked at individually, aesthetically pleasing. Issues s taken into consideration. This tion on campus.
Problem: Misuse Result: If an area is not used for what it is intended for, eventually a new function will be given to it. This new use often propogates the lack of the original function and creates places that no longer facilitate the desired use.
Problem: Oversized Sidewalks Result: While useful in high traffic situations, sidewalks wider than 6 feet minimize the potential interaction between pedstrians and create a sense of isolation even if the person is surrounded by other people. 2
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Problem: Not Accessible Result: A place where it is difficult for pedestrians to cross safely even if the have the ability to move quickly. This is usually caused by the lack of designated crossings in areas where many people cross on a regular basis. Problem: Oversized Roads Result: A lost sense of scale that makes the overall location undesireable. Additional issues with stormwater and runoff at a scale that is not neccesarry.
Problem: Incomplete Sidewalks Result: A system that does not provide any sense of purpose or direction. Proves to be of no use.
Problem: Dsiconnected Paths Result: Creates an environment in which pedestrians do not feel welcome or safe.
Problem: Lack of Destination Result: An empty environemnt that feels ignored, or abandoned by the people in the area. Lack of pedestrian traffic and interest in the surrounding buildings.
Problem: No Regulation Result: Areas are used incorrectly creating additional reasons why pedestrians do not feel valued.
Problem: No Shade Result: Un-inhabitable space that discourages any possible use. Intended or otherwise.
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USF Transportation Day Street Section Design Competition Maple & Alumni Drive
The Potential of Activated Streets:
All over the world there are examples of streets that have become the expression of life in a place. A street is a place that belongs to everyone and to no one at the same time. It is an object that facilitates travel but also a sense of community and belonging to those who engage in it. In urban settings, streets are becoming the new public realm and are slowly being converted to serve pedestrians and vehicles instead of only the latter. This change is stemming from the growing awareness that our streets play a major role in our lives. They affect our health, safety and well-being even as an environment that historically, within the United States, has been primarily for vehicle use. With the rate at which USF is now growing, it is now in the beginning stages of becoming a more urban setting. This is a major opportunity for the university to set a new standard for what urban living can look like on a college campus. However, it also means that USF has to define what kind of campus they want to become. That process can start with a movement to activate existing streets to create a sense of place.
Designing Spaces & Places: What Does It Mean To Create Spaces & Places?
Anything that is designed has the potential to be much more than an object, if it designed with that goal in mind. In architecture, the concept of Spaces & Places is a process of thinking and making that focuses on what it is that makes a space, whether it be a street or building, something more. Whether this is in regards to function or the act of experiencing something, the goal is to capture and understand what makes a space unique and worth experiencing. Streets are a great opportunity to explore and develop new ways of making places that offer more. In many cultures around the world, the street is the center of activity for entire neighborhoods. In Latin America specifically, it is where most social interaction takes place due to the street being regarded as an extension of peoples homes. Locals will sit in the doorstep, which is along the edge of the street, and socialize with their neighbors as their kids play and people walk around. It is something that has been largely lost in the United States with our dependency on automobiles and the assumption that streets are made for cars and not people. This was not always the case and hopefully in the near future it will cease to be what defines our streets in urban settings.
Activating Maple & Alumni Drive:
In regards to activating Alumni Drive, the site that was chosen was the intersection where Alumni Drive meets Maple Drive on the South-East side of the Tampa Campus. The first issue that needed to be addressed was that there was no pedestrian traffic in the area. While the College of Business has a well designed and maintained pedestrian pathway along Maple Drive, it ubruptly comes to an end at the intersection. Three of the four corners of the intersections are currently parking lots and the pleasant experience of walking across campus is lost. It looks empty or abandoned with the exception of the vehicle traffic that moves through on their way to Fowler. After analyzing the site, it was observed that a large reason that there was no pedestrian movement along the street was that there is no destination. While the Patel Center and Almuni Association Buildings are across the road, the disconnect is so much that unless you had to go to one of those buildings, you would not venture that way. Sidewalks dead-end to curbs with no crossing and cars drive on designated sidewalks because there is no one else is using them. These are only a few of the issues that were discovered when studying the existing road. Therefore, in order to be able to propose a new pedestrian focused street section, something had to be added to the location in order for it to become a destination. For the purpose of this study, a new architecture building was added on the South-West corner of the intersection where a half paved and half dirt parking lot was. This activates prime real estate that currently sits empty and uses it as an anchor to provide a new street condition along Alumni Drive.
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Re-claiming Street Space For The Public Realm:
After the new building was located, the focus began to turn to how the building would interact with the street as a public space for pedestrian use. Along the building, Alumni widens to three lanes. Of these there are two designated turn lanes and one through lane. With the intent of reducing the size of the street as well as the speed of vehicles driving East, the right turn lane was blocked off. This lane was then used to plant trees as well as add seating and additional ammenities so that the street would become a public space system as well as a place for students and faculty to socialize and study. This not only provides a destination for pedestrians, but it also allows the addition of shade to begin to create a comfortable outdoor environment. Similarly, the right lane on the opposite side of Alumni next to the College of Business is re-purposed as on street parking. This is aided by the addition of two bump outs on the West side of the intersection that helps regulate the vehicle traffic while making it easier and safer for pedestrians to cross. In addition, the proposal takes into consideration the volume of vehicles and the need for transit. The USF Bullrunners currently have a route that travels on Maple Drive and turns onto Alumni. The proposed transit is changing the route of a Bullrunner to a complete loop and have on come approximately every 10 minutes. This in theory would create a more efficient route and increase the use of the system by students. The optimization of the Bullrunner network however is a separate study.
Public Health Benefits:
Activating streets across the USF Tampa campus has the potential to increase pedestrian movement and reduce VMT (Vehicle Miles Traveled) by students on campus. If an atmosphere is created in which people are not only able but comfortable walking, biking and using transit, USF could see many benefits within the student body. In addition to the physical benefits of having streets that encourage pedestrian use, there is also the social and mental aspect of health. When the street is activated well, then it can become like streets in Latin America where life takes place in it. This will lead to more social interactions between students and professors, as well as provide the opportunity to be outside. Simply walking and being outside surrounded by nature has been proven to improve mental and emotional wellness.
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Integrated Solutions Solution: Integrate Trees & Vegetation Function: Improves air quality as well as provides shade to create a comfortable environment.
Understanding Place:
Having an understanding of the site and its context is crucial for the development of any project. A project does not float or exist disconnected from the larger context. The first task was to examine how Alumni Drive interacted with the campus as a whole. This was done on multiple scales in order to develop a better knowledge of what the task of activating a section of it would require. It was noticed in the large scale study that the existing road had practically become a barrier between the Southern edge and the rest of campus. The focus then changed to analyzing why the road created a divide between the sections of campus on a smaller scale. It was observed that some of the problems were stemming from how the road reacted to the building around it and vice versa. From there, the project began to move in a different direction than anticipated. It was no longer about changing the road as much as it was changing the way the the road and buildings interact. The downfall of most street designs occurs when the street and the buildings are seen and treated as completely separate objects. If the road is only there to provide a pathway for vehicles and if a building is only there to house people, then there is a forgotten realm of space that suffers the consequences of neglect. This is where the pedestrian realm is forced to exist. It should not be a surprise that when something is ignored it does not thrive. It is common practice the way that most urban contexts have been created. Two different systems that while they are close to each other, they do not interact or affect the other. The result is in-hospitable spaces that decrease the ability to navigate an area as a pedestrian. This is what needs to change if the way that streets are used in the urban fabric is to be different. The design of Alumni Drive as well as many other streets on USF campus and their lack of function as a pedestrian space is an issue that needs to be addressed. However, it should be seen and approached as an opportunity to create something better. Activated streets are the result of intentional, multi-disciplined design. They can form a network that increases the quality of life for everyone who steps foot on USF campus. Streets can be what helps move USF into the future of urban living.
Proposed Plan
Solution: Single Through Lane Function: Regulates vehicle traffic and minimizes incidents related to lane change near or in intersections.
Aerial Perspective
Solution: Frequent Crossing Function: Allows more opportunities for crossing as well as appropriate timing for people with disabilities.
Solution: Bump-Out Curbs Function: Regulates vehicle traffic as well as provides a buffer for the lane. Reduces the distance traveled when crossing making it more efficient and safe.
Structure: Street Parking Function: Creates additional parking for the area. Provides a buffer between oncoming traffic and the pedestrians on the sidewalk in case of an accident.
Solution: Habitable Median Function: Allows pedestrians to move efficiently and safely while crossing the street when vehicle traffic is present.
“In the big picture, architecture is the art and science of making sure that our cities and buildings fit with the way we want to live our lives.� - Bjarke Ingels
Solution: Integrated Transit Function: Provides an alternative to individual vehicles which reduces load on street as well as VMT in an urban setting.
Solution: Street Seating Function: Facilitates the pedestrian use of the street as well as activates the surrounding areas as social spaces.
Advanced Design Portfolio
Additional Work Table Project
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Additional Work
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Advanced Design Portfolio
Photography
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Photography
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Photography
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Photography
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Photography
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Photography
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William Cook 2019