Current Issue: June 2020, Volume 12, Number 3 by williamss98675d

International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) ISSN: 0975-3826(online); 0975-4660 (Print)

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Current Issue: June 2020, Volume 12, Number 3 --- Table of Contents

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FOR MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS OVER NAKAGAMI FADING CHANEL Akinyinka Olukunle Akande, Onyebuchi Chikezie Nosiri, Nnaemeka Chiemezie Onuekwusi and Emmanuel Uchenna Ekwueme Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT Diversity combining is a technique in wireless network that uses multiple antenna system to improve the quality of radio signal. Mobile radio system suffers multipath propagation due to signal obstruction in the channel. A new hybridized diversity combining scheme consisting of Equal Gain Combining (EGC) and Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) was proposed in this paper. Theperformance of the hybrid model was evaluated using Outage Probability (Pout) and Processing time (Pt) at different Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Signal Paths (L=2,3) for 4-QAM and 8-QAM Modulation Schemes. A mathematical expression for the hybrid EGC-MRC was realized using the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the Nakagami fading channel. MATLAB R2015b software was used for the model simulation. The result shows that hybrid EGC-MRC outperforms the standalone EGC and MRC schemes by having lower P out and Pt values. Hence, hybrid EGCMRC exhibits enhanced potentials to mitigate multipath propagation at reduced system complexity.

KEYWORDS Equal Gain Combining (EGC), Nakagami, Outage Probability, Processing Time, Multipath, Hybrid For More Details: http://aircconline.com/ijcsit/V12N3/12320ijcsit01.pdf

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REFERENCES [1] Akande, A. O, Semire, F. A, and Adeyemo, Z. K (2017). “Analysis and Optimization of COST-231-Hata Model for Mobile Radio System in Nigeria”. Inter. Journal of Computer Applications, vol.173, no. 6, pp. 4 -10. [2] Dinamani, A, Shruti, R, Babina, S and Das S (2013).“Performance Evaluation of a hybrid MRC-SC diversity Combiner in Rayleigh Communication channel”.Circuits, Controls and Communications (CCUBE) IEEE 2013 Inter., Conference, India, pp 1-4. [3] Sodhi, R and Khanna, R (2016). “Analysis of Hybrid Diversity Combining Technique over TWDP Fading Channel”.Indian Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 9, no. 47, pp.1-6. [4] Patel M, Nirav P and Paliwal, A (2015). “Performance Analysis of Different Diversity Combining Techniques with MIMO Systems”.International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, vol. 4, no. 12, pp.9411-9418. [5] Nivethika S. D, Sreeja B. S, Manikandan E and Radha, S (2018). “A stretchable Smart and Highly Efficient Radio Frequency Antenna on Low Cost Substrate”.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 60 no. 7, pp. 1798-1803. [6] Kanthimathi M, Amutha R and Anusha, S (2018). “Modulation Diversity for Differential Amplitude and Phase Shift Keying Technique”.The International journal of Engineering Technology,vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 418-420. [7] Sheikholeslami and Ashtiani (2015), “Optimal Probabilistic Initial and Target Channel Selection in Cognitive Radio Networks”, IEEE Trans., on Wireless Communications, vol.14, no.1 pp 570 –584 [8] Walia M and Mahindru A (2014). “Performance Analysis of Conventional Diversity Combining Schemes in Rayleigh and Rician Fading Channels”.IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE), vol. 16,no. 3, pp. 28-32. [9] Singla M and Tiwana S. S (2017). “A Review on Hybrid Diversity Techniques over various Fading Channels”.International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 118-120. [10] Simon M.K. and Alouini M.S (2015).Digital Communications over fading channels, New York, John Wiley and Sons. [11] Hoyong L, Sang K. P and Song,Y (2011). “Performance analysis of a hybrid SC/MRC diversity scheme over Rayleigh fading”.Proceeding of 13th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), Korea, 2011, pp. 1115-1118.

[12] Narayanan, S, Renzo, M. Graziosi, F and Haas, H (2016). “Distributed spatial modulation: A Cooperative Diversity Protocol for Half-Duplex Relay-Aided Wireless Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 65, pp. 2947- 2964. [13] Sharma, P and Buttar, A. S (2014). “BER Improvement in Rayleigh Fading SIMO Channel Using Hybrid Diversity Combining Technique”.International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, 2(8), 2355-2358. [14] Sayed, R, Shobug, M and Badrudduza, A (2016). “Performance Analysis of Diversity Combining Techniques over Rayleigh Fading SIMO Multicasting Wireless Network”.Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology (SJET),vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 489-499. [15] Goldsmith A (2005). “Wireless Communications”. New York: Cambridge University Press, USA. [16] Rajkumar S, Srinivasan N and Natesan, A (2018). “A Penta-band Hybrid Fractal MIMO Antenna for ISM Applications”. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering,vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 1-13. [17] Rao, P.H, Sujitha, R and Selvan, K. T (2017). “A Multiband, Multi-polarization Shared Aperture Antenna: Design and Evaluation”.IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 59(4), 26-37. AUTHORS Akinyinka Olukunle Akande obtained his B. Tech (2008) in Electronic and Electrical Engineering from Ladoke Akintola University of TechnologyOgbomoso in 2008.M.Eng in Communication Engineering in 2013 and a PhD in Communication Engineering in 2019 from University of Ilorinand LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, respectively. He is presently a Lecturer II at Federal University of Technology Owerri. His research interests include Mobile Wireless Communicationsand Resource Management in Cognitive Radio networks. He is a member of the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) and Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN) Onyebuchi Chikezie Nosiri acquired Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng) Degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka in 2002, Master of Engineering in Electronic and Communication Engineering and PhD in Communication Engineering from Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka in 2009 and 2015 respectively. He is currently a Senior Lecturer at Federal University of Technology Owerri. His research interests include developing modern adaptive noise/interference cancellation techniques for wireless networks, Cognitive Radio and Wireless sensor networks, forensic and data analysis for criminal community detection in wireless networks. He is a member of the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE), Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN) and Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IEEE). Emmanuel Uchenna Ekwueme is an Assistant Lecturer at Federal University of Technology Owerri. He obtained his Bachelor and Master degrees in Communication Engineering in 2011 and 2018 respectively. His research

Interests include wireless communication system, 5G Networks, Software Define Networks and Machine Learning. He is a member of the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) and Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN) Nnaemeka Chiemezie Onuekwusi is a lecturer I, at the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering of the Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. From the same institution, he received his Bachelorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering in 2007, Masters in Communication Engineering in 2012 and a PhD in Communication Engineering in 2019. He is a member of the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE), Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN) and Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IEEE). His research interests are in Wireless Sensor Networks and Smart Grids and has to his credit published works in the areas

USING SOCIAL MEDIA AS A TOOL FOR PROMOTING FESTIVAL TOURISM Krittanai Ngernyuang1 and Pei-Ying Wu2 1

Department of Tourism and Leisure, Chung Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan Department of Tourism and MICE, Chung Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

ABSTRACT The impact of social media on Tourism has been one of the main topics in tourism research. Many studies discuss and analyze the impact of social media on Tourism. However, less research studied on the impact of social media on specific, like festivals tourism. Festival make people united and the experiences of those participating in festivals can have a significant influence on others and social media provides the perfect channel for sharing their experiences. This research focused on social media factors that influenced visitors in the festival tourism. The study was designed to explored how social media factors impact to festival tourism. The structured interview was conducted to confirm social media factors from secondary data. The results show that social media better use as a search engine tools. For future research it is suggested to conduct quantitative survey to confirm these social media factors which analyzed by this study.

KEYWORDS Social media, Festival, tourism, Festival tourism, eWOM For More Details: http://aircconline.com/ijcsit/V12N3/12320ijcsit02.pdf

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REFERENCES [1] Al-Ghaith, W. (2015). Applying the Technology Acceptance Model to Understand Social Networking Sites (SNS) Usage: Impact of Perceived Social Capital. International Journal Of Computer Science And Information Technology, 7(4), 105-117. doi: 10.5121/ijcsit.2015.7409 [2] Chaffey, D. (2019). Global social media research summary 2019. Posted by Dave Chaffey on February 12, 2019, in Social media strategy, Digital marketing statistics, Retrieved 9 May 2019, from https://www.smartinsights.com/social-media-marketing/social-media-strategy/newglobal-social-media-research/ [3] Cavanagh, R. (2007). Songkran: Thai New Year Water Festival. Retrieved 18 July 2019, from https://www.thaizer.com/festivals/songkran-thai-new-year-water-festival/ [4] Clement, J. (2020). Global social networks ranked by number of users 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2020, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/272014/global-social-networks-ranked-bynumber-of-users/ [5] Cohen, H. (2019). Social Media Definition: The Ultimate Guide That Will Make You Smarter. Posted by Heidi Cohen on March 19, 2019, in Marketing Resources, Social Media, (Retrieved 9 May 2019, from http://heidicohen.com/social-media-deﬁnition/ [6] Crompton, J. L. (1979). Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4), 408–424. [7] Cudny, W., Gosik, B., Rouba, R. (2011). Festiwal kultury chrześcijańskiej w Łodzijako przykład produktu turystycznego – wydarzenie. Ekonomiczne Problemy Usług, 66(648), 89100. [8] De Lira, V. M., Macdonald, C., Ounis, I., Perego, R., Renso, C., & Times, V. C. (2019). Event attendance classification in social media. Information Processing & Management, 56(3), 687– 703. doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2018.11.001 [9] Ellison, N .B., Charles, S .and Lampe, C( .2007), “The benefits of Facebook “Friends :”social capital and college students ’use of online social network sites”, Journal of ComputerMediated Communications, Vol .12 No .4, pp .1143-1168. [10] Engel, J.F., Kollat, D.T., & Blackwell, R.D. (1968). Consumer Behaviour. New York: Rinehart & Winston. [11] Falassi, A. (1987) Festival: Definition and morphology. In: Falassi, A., Ed., Time out of Time, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque [12] Flinn, J. and Frew, M. (2013), “Glastonbury: managing the mystification of festivity”, Leisure Studies, Vol. 33 No. 4, pp. 418-433. [13] Goeldner, C., & Ritchie, J. (2012). Tourism (12th ed., p. 188). Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.

[14] Hanan, H., & Aminuddin, N. (2012) ‘Food festival towards destination image of Kelantan’. In Proceedings of Melaka International Heritage Conferences 2012 & 5 Tourism Outlook Conference 2012, Shah Alam: Penerbit UiTM: 88-93. [15] Hanan, H., & Karim, Ab. S., (2015) “Influence of Social Media in Food Festival Destination Image”, International Conference on Tourism and Ethnicity in ASEAN and Beyond 2015 [16] Hede, A. -M., & Kellett, P. (2012). Building online brand communities: Exploring the beneﬁts, challenges and risks in the Australian event sector. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 18(3), 239– 250. [17] Hua, L. Y., Ramayah, T., Ping, T. A., & Jacky, C. J.-H. (2017). Social Media as a Tool to Help Select Tourism Destinations: The Case of Malaysia. Information Systems Management, 34(3), 265–279. doi:10.1080/10580530.2017.1330004 [18] K5. (2019). 8 things you should do in Thailand - Keyframe5. Retrieved from https://www.keyframe5.com/things-you-should-do-in-thailand/ Accessed on 16 July 2019 [19] Law, R., Buhalis, D., & Cobanoglu, C. (2014). Progress on information and communication technologies in hospitality and tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(5), 727–750. doi:10.1108/ijchm-08-2013-0367 [20] Lyck, L., Long, P., & Grige, A. (2012). Tourism, festivals and cultural events in times of crisis. Copenhagen: Business School. [21] MacKay, K., Barbe, D., Van Winkle, C. M., & Halpenny, E. (2017). Social media activity in a festival context: temporal and content analysis. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(2), 669–689. doi:10.1108/ijchm-10-2015-0618 [22] Marios, D. Sotiriadis, (2017), "Sharing tourism experiences in social media A literature review and a set of suggested business strategies ", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 29 Iss 1 pp. 179 – 225 [23] Nieto, J., Hernandez-Maestro, R. M., & Munoz-Gallego, P. A. (2014) ‘Marketing decisions, customer reviews, and business performance: the use of Top rural website by Spanish rural lodging establishments. Tourism Management, 45, 115-123Oklobdžija, S. (2015). The role and importance of social media in promoting music festivals. Paper presented at Synthesis 2015 International Scientific Conference of IT and Business-Related Research. doi:10.15308/Synthesis-2015-583-587 [24] ÖZDEMIR, G., & ÇULHA, O. ( .)2009Satisfaction and Loyalty of Festival Visitors. Anatolia, )2(20, .373-359doi: 13032917.2009.10518914/10.1080 [25] Saiko-Gamble, S. (2011) Global Travel & Tourism Partnership International Conference Canadian Academy of Travel and Tourism. Elie, Manitoba, Canada [26] Sigala, M., Christou, E., and Gretzel, U. (Eds) (2012), Social Media in Travel, Tourism and Hospitality:Theory, Practice and Cases, Ashgate, London.

[27] Sotiriadis, M. D. (2017). Sharing tourism experiences in social media. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(1), 179–225. doi:10.1108/ijchm-05-2016-0300 [28] Shedrick, J. (2019). Songkran Festival: Everything You Need To Know - Hostelworld. Retrieved 16 July 2019, from https://www.hostelworld.com/blog/songkran-everything-youneed-to-know/ [29] Thailandforvisitors. (2019). Phi Ta Khon Festival. Retrieved 18 July 2019, from http://thailandforvisitors.com/isan/loei/dan-sai/phi-ta-khon.php [30] Thaipaipan Co. (2019). Phi Ta Khon : Thailand's Halloween. Retrieved 18 July 2019, from http://www.thaipaipan.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1181&catid=30 6&Itemid=64 [31] Terrell, K. (2019). The History of Social Media: Social Networking Evolution!. Accessed on 26 May 2019. Retrieved from https://historycooperative.org/the-history-of-social-media/ [32] Techopedia. (2019) What is YouTube? - Definition from Techopedia. Accessed on 22 June 2019 Retrieved from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/5219/youtube [33] Tourism Authority of Thailand. (2019). Events & Festivals. Retrieved https://na.tourismthailand.org/Events-and-Festivals Accessed on 16 July 2019

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AUTHOR Author: Krittanai Ngernyuang Mr. Krittanai Ngernyuang is a graduate student of the Tourism and Leisure department at Chung Hua University, Taiwan. He has two bachelor degrees, 1. Bachelor of Police Sciences from Royal Thai Police Academy, Thailand; and 2. Bachelor of Laws from Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Thailand. Corresponding author: Pei-Ying Wu Dr. Pei-Ying Wu is an Assistant Professor of Department of Tourism and MICE Management at Chung Hua University, Taiwan. She has an Ph.D. in Events Management from the Leeds Beckett University in England, UK. She is also a qualified NCDA (National Career Development Association) consultant. Her research interests include marketing in events management, Service Quality Management in business events, events impacts measurement, Hospitality and Tourism Management, career development.

WEB-BASED LEARNING IN PERIODS OF CRISIS: REFLECTIONS ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 Stella Chiemeke1, Omokhagbo Mike Imafidor2 1

Department of Computer Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria 2 Africa PPP Advisory Nigeria Limited, Abuja, Nigeria

ABSTRACT Education systems and its actors are generally responding to quarantine and large-scale shutdown (partial) of cities with a sudden shift to Web-Based Learning. However, given that a pandemic of this nature and scale is novel, there is a knowledge gap as to how teachers and learners should respond to the shift, and what the likely impact and the key considerations should be. This study aims to extrapolate and theorize from the existing knowledgebase about the use of Web-Based Learning, as well as from an expert and practitioner wisdom and experience, to offer high-level guidance for policymakers and education system actors that are forced to make decisions in fastmoving and very challenging circumstances with little guidance or relevant experience. It is an early attempt at theorizing the impact of the pandemic on two key actors (Learners and Teachers) and one interface (Content), all across eight dimensions of learning. The analysis is based on Khanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (2001) dimension of Web-Based Learning and Andersonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (2011) Model of Online Learning. Overall, we posit based on experience and practice, that the pandemic has delivered severe shocks to both the demand and supply side of Web-Based Learning, with Leaners, Teachers, and Content all significantly affected. While we hypothesize a general drop in the quality of teaching and learning in the short run, we expect the opposite to be the case in the long run, when the demand and supply side self-correct, albeit guided by strong government and market institutions.

KEYWORDS Web-Based Learning, COVID-19, Learners

For More Details: http://aircconline.com/ijcsit/V12N3/12320ijcsit03.pdf Volume Link: http://airccse.org/journal/ijcsit2020_curr.html

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