socialist-standard-2005-1209-may by Wirral Socialists

!ay 2005

socialist standard website: www.worldsocialism.org

Tea <ith the =uhrer0 page ?

contents BLC)MILS

)*+ O+at* ./ J.*n Eau2 PP

)*+ B;/t;+t* Cnn;D+r<ary ./ t*+ 4ar<a9 Ea8t

To what extent should the world celebrate the life of a man who condemned so many to their deaths?

Attacking the 6indenberg line0 page 12

Steve Trott examines what western governmentsV real concerns were about the Warsaw Pact.

2005 J+n+ra2 L2+8t;.n

4;2/r+d H9+n > 4ar E.+tF P8.n[[[X;<;.nary\

Howard, Blair, Kennedy...is that it?The only alternative to capitalism and its political parties is socialism OwenVs early death seemed to sum up the futility of war, but was his response to its causes?

Callaghan's ship of state0 page 12

Su7<8r;:t;.n Hrd+r< should be sent to The Socialist Party, 5= Clapham High Street,London SW4 7UN Iat+< One year subscription (normal rate) I1= One year subscription (lowKunwaged) I7 Europe rate I15 (Air mail) Rest of world I== (Air mail) Poluntary supporters subscription I=0 or more. Cheques payable to SThe Socialist Party of Great BritainV.

LOP)HIPCQ

ILXPL4S

1HS)C1) OL)CPQS

!LL)PSJS

EC)TBPSOLIS

JILCSW EHQL

ILO SSCEELI 1HHVPSJ )TL KHHVS N

BILL QMS1T XHP1L BIH! )TL KC1V

50 WLCIS CJH

1HHVPSJ )TL KHHVS 2

)*+ S.8;a2;<t Earty ./ Jr+at Kr;ta;n The next meeting of the Executive Committee will be on Saturday 7th May at the address below. Correspondence should be sent to the General Secretary. All articles, letters and notice should be sent to the editorial committee at: The Socialist Party, 5= Clapham High street, London SW4 7UN t+2. 0=0 76== [811 +,a;2 spgb\worldsocialism.org !

()*+ ,yt* ./ t*+ 01.2d 4ar0 +na72+d +a8* ./ t*+ t9. 8a:;ta2;<t <u:+r:.9+r< t. 8.ntr.2 ;t< r+a2 +n+,y > ;t< .9n 9.r?;n@ :+.:2+ > 7y ;nt;,;dat;n@ ;t 9;t* n+9< ./ t*+ tran<@r+<<;.n< ./ t*+ .t*+rA )*+ B;/t;+t* Cnn;D+r<ary ./ t*+ 4ar<a9 Ea8tF page 8 Socialist !tandard Ma( *++,

!"itorial

4*at a7.ut t*+ r+a2 ;<<u+\

"#$%o'$#o($'ill$+,-.a+s$.a1,$.,a-2$a 3ai-$4it$3-o6$t.,$6ai%st-,a6$ca%2i2at,s i%$t.is$6o%t.8s$9,%,-al$:l,ctio%;$<.,# 'ill$.a1,$'a33l,2$o%$a4o(t$s,-1ic,s=$>o4s= c-i6,=$a%2$.o'$t.i%?s$'ill$i6+-o1,=$i3 o%l#$t.,#$a-,$+(t$i%$+o',-; <.,#$all$tal@$a4o(t$6o%,#$A$s+,%2 6o-,=$s+,%2$l,ss=$taB$it=$4o--o'$it=$l,%2$it= 3i%2$it$A$4(t$t.,#$%,1,-$tal@$a4o(t$'.,-, it$co6,s$3-o6;$$<.,#$%,1,-$tal@$a4o(t$t., 4asic$-(l,s$4#$'.ic.$it$is$(s,2;$<.,#$>(st ass(6,$t.at$6o%,#$is$4,i%?$6a2,=$a%2 t.at$t.,#$ca%$a2a+t$t.,i-$+olici,s$to$t., -(l,s$o3$t.,$6o%,#A6a@i%?$?a6,; <.at$is=$t.,#$ass(6,$ca+italis6; <.,#$2,3,%2$a$soci,t#$i% '.ic.$t.,$6a>o-it#$o3$t., +o+(latio%$6(st$s,ll$t.,ica+acit#$to$'o-@$to$t.,$ti%# .a%23(l$'.o$o'%$6ost$o3$t., ',alt.;$$<.,#$2,3,%2$a$soci,t#$i% '.ic.$t.i%?s$ca%$o%l#$.a++,%$i3$t.,-, is$a$+-o3it$to$4,$6a2,;$C%$s.o-t=$t.,# s(4sc-i4,$to$t.,$la'$o3$%o$+-o3it=$%o +-o2(ctio%;$ D%,$t.i%?$is$c,-tai%=$a%2$+,-.a+s #o(8ll$al-,a2#$4,$o3$t.is$o+i%io%; E.ic.,1,-$ca%2i2at,$o-$+a-t#$'ill$'i% 4-i%?s$a4o(t$%o$si?%i3ica%t$c.a%?,s$to$t., 'a#$t.i%?s$a-,;$F%2$i%$4,t',,%$,l,ctio%s ',$.a1,$littl,$o-$%o$sa#$i%$t.,$i6+o-ta%t 2,cisio%s=$t.,$8-,al$iss(,s8$t.at$co%c,-% (s; Goliticia%s$a-,$3o%2$o3$t,lli%?$(s$t.at ',$6(st$ta@,$-,s+o%si4ilit#$3o-$o(-$o'% actio%s$a%2$t.at$',$6(st$s,,$to$it$t.at$o('o-l2$is$a$3it$+lac,$3o-$o(-$c.il2-,%$to ?-o'$(+$i%;$"(t$.o'$ca%$',$s,-io(sl#$2o

a%#t.i%?$a4o(t$it$'.,%$t.,$-,al$2,cisio%s a-,$%ot$i%$o(-$.a%2sH$",ca(s,$o3$t.,$'a# t.i%?s$a-,$o-?a%is,2$at$+-,s,%t=$%o%,$o3 (s$a-,$allo',2$to$ta@,$+a-t$i%$t.,$-,all# i6+o-ta%t$2,cisio%s$t.at$,33,ct$(s$A$t., o%,s$a4o(t$o(-$sc.ools=$a4o(t$.,alt.$a%2 .o(si%?=$+,ac,$a%2$+oll(tio%=$a%2$t., 2ist-i4(tio%$o3$',alt. E.at$t.,$Socialist$Ga-t#$(-?,s$as t.,$alt,-%ati1,$to$t.is$i%sa%,$s,tA(+$is$a t-(l#$2,6oc-atic$soci,t#$i%$'.ic.$+,o+l, ta@,$all$o3$t.,$2,cisio%s$t.at$,33,ct$t.,6; <.is$6,a%s$a$soci,t#$'it.o(t$-ic.$$$$$ a%2$+oo-=$'it.o(t$

o'%,-s a%2$'o-@,-s=$'it.o(t$?o1,-%6,%ts a%2$?o1,-%,2=$a$soci,t#$'it.o(t$l,a2,-s o-$t.,$l,2; C%$s(c.$a$soci,t#=$+,o+l,$co(l2 coo+,-at,$1ol(%ta-il#$to$-(%$all$o3$t., 'o-l28s$%at(-al$a%2$i%2(st-ial$-,so(-c,s$i% t.,i-$o'%$i%t,-,sts=$3-,,i%?$+-o2(ctio% 3-o6$t.,$a-ti3icial$co%st-ai%ts$o3$+-o3it a%2$,sta4lis.i%?$a$s#st,6$o3$soci,t#$i% '.ic.$,ac.$+,-so%$.as$3-,,$acc,ss$to$t., 4,%,3its$o3$ci1ilisatio%;$Socialist$soci,t# 'o(l2$co%s,J(,%tl#$6,a%$t.,$,%2i%?$o3 4(#i%?=$s,lli%?$a%2$,Bc.a%?,=$a%$,%2$to

4o-2,-s$a%2$3-o%ti,-s=$a%$,%2$to$3o-c,$a%2 co,-cio%=$'ast,$a%2$'a%t$a%2$'a-; <o2a#$',$.a1,$t.,$t,c.%olo?#=$t., -,so(-c,s$a%2$t.,$@%o'A.o'$to$satis3# ,1,-#o%,8s$%,,2s;$<.at$3act$is$',ll ,sta4lis.,2;$Ko',1,-=$',$ca%%ot$(tilis, soci,t#8s$ass,ts$s,%si4l#$4,ca(s,$o3$t., +-o3itA2-i1,%$-,J(i-,6,%ts$o3$t.,$6a-@,tA s#st,6;$C%$a$soci,t#$i%$'.ic.$t., 3(%2a6,%tal$%,,2$o3$+-o2(ctio%$is$+-o3it= o(-$%,,2s$'ill$al'a#s$co6,$a$+oos,co%2;$<.,$+-o3it$s#st,6$,B,-ts$s(c.$a% i%3l(,%c,$i%$soci,t#$t.at$it$i6+i%?,s$(+o% ,1,-#$as+,ct$o3$o(-$li1,s=$a%2$#o(82$-,all# 4,$.a-2$+-,ss,2$to$t.i%@$o3$so6,$s,-1ic, o-$+-o2(ct$t.at$is$%ot$4ala%c,2$a?ai%st cost$A$so6,t.i%?$to$6(s,$o% '.,%$#o(8-,$'aiti%?$3o-$t.,$4(s= t.,$+olic,$o-$1isiti%?$t.,$local s.o+s; Lo($6a#$co%si2,-$t.at$t., soci,t#$',$(-?,$so(%2s$%ic,=$4(t$t.at ',$a-,$2,6a%2i%?$t.,$i6+ossi4l,;$C% t-(t.$all$',$a-,$as@i%?$is$t.at$#o(=$as 6,64,-s$o3$t.,$'a?,2$a%2$sala-i,2$class= t.i%@$3o-$#o(-s,l1,s=$1al(,$#o(-s,l1,s a%2$#o(-$3,llo's$.i?.,-=$,B+,ct$6o-,$3o#o(-$c.il2-,%$a%2$?-a%2c.il2-,%;$Cs$it$%ot t.,$cas,$t.at$o(-$'o-l2$'o(l2$4,$a$4,tt,+lac,$to$li1,$i%$i3$',$.a2$a$-,al 2,6oc-atic$sa#$i%$t.,$2,cisio%A6a@i%? +-oc,ss$a%2$-,al$2,6oc-atic$co%t-ol$o1,t.,$6,a%s$a%2$i%st-(6,%ts$3o-$+-o2(ci%? a%2$2ist-i4(ti%?$t.,$t.i%?s$',$%,,2$to li1,$i%$co63o-tH$Cs$it$%ot$.i?.$ti6,$t.at ',$too@$4ac@$co%t-ol$o3$o(-$2,sti%#$3-o6 t.,$+-o3itA6o%?,-s$a%2$t.,$6ast,-s$o3 'a-H

)ontact -etails !" $%&'()*+ ,(-'.&(. /-'0-' (entral /ondon 9ranch< No--,sOPic.a-2$"ott,-ill=$!Q$Fs.',ll Ga-@=$Ka-+,%2,%=$K,-ts$FRS$SS9;$<,lO TQSU!$VWXY!Y; ,6ailO-ic.a-24ott,-illZ.ot6ail;co6; !%2$E,2;$V;MT+6;$G,%2,-,l$Da@[s$+(4= !UWA!UU$Ki?.$Kol4o-%=$Ro%2o%$ENQ\ VK9;$$ *nfield and )arin?ey 9ranch< <(,s; U+6;$F%?,l$No66(%it#$N,%t-,= Pa#%.a6$P2=$]CU;$No--,sO$QV$^o-s,t Poa2=$]!!$VSR; ,6ailO>(lia%1,i%Z4l(,#o%2,-;co;(@ +outh /ondon 9ranch< Qst$_o%; V;XS+6;$K,a2$D33ic,;$S!$Nla+.a6$Ki?. St=$SEX$V`];$<,lO$T!T$VW!!$MUQQ; Best /ondon 9ranch< Qst$a$M-2 <(,s;U+6=$N.is'ic@$<o'%$Kall= K,at.3i,l2$<,--ac,$bNo-%,-$S(tto%$No(-t P2c=$EX;$No--,sO$SQ$9a#3o-2$Poa2= Ro%2o%$EQ!$Y"L Pimlico< N;$<-i%2,-=$!X$9-,,%'oo2$Nt= QSS$Na64-i2?,$St-,,t=$SEQ$X\d;$<,lO T!T$VUMX$UQUW FI0/&'0+ $irmin?ham 9ranch< <.(-;$U+6=$<., SJ(a-,$G,?=$No-+o-atio%$St-,,t;$<,lO Po%$Noo@=$TQ!Q$SMM$QVQ! '-%.)*&+. 'ortheast 9ranch< No--,sO$$eo.% "iss,tt=$QT$Sca-4o-o(?.$Ga-a2,= K,44(-%=$<#%,$a$E,a-=$]:MQ$!FR;$<,lO TQYQ$X!!$WYQS$,6ailO >o.%4iss,ttZ4l(,#o%2,-;co;(@ '-%.)B*+. /ancaster 9ranch< G;$S.a%%o%=$VQ

Socialist !tandard Ma( *++,

No%isto%$Poa2=$Ra%cast,-$RFQ$M]E; ,6ailO$lo-%aZ@ai4os.;3-,,s,-1,;co;(@ Fanchester 9ranch< Ga(l$",%%,tt=$W "(-l,i?.$_,'s=$Ka-2#$Ra%,=$_!Q$VR"; <,lOTQWQ$UWT$VQUY; $olton< <,lO$K;$_cRa(?.li%=$TQ!TX UXXSUY; (um9ria< "-,%2a%$N(66i%?s=$QY d(,,%$St=$_illo6=$N(64-ia$RFQU$X"9 %ochdale< P;$N.a2'ic@=$TQVTW$S!!MWS +outheast Fanchester< :%J(i-i,sO "la%c.,$G-,sto%=$WU$fo(%tai%s$Poa2= _M!$YGK H-%"+)I%* )uddersfield< Pic.a-2$Pai%3,-2=$!U F-6ita?,$P2=$F-6ita?,$"-i2?,= K(22,-s3i,l2=$E,st$Lo-@s=$K^X$V^G )ull< g,it.$Sc.ol,#;$<,lO$TQXU!$XXWSQ +Iipton< P$Noo+,-=$Q$NaBto%$9a-t.= <.-,s.3i,l2=$S@i+to%$"^!M$S:h;$<,lO TQVSW$VS!W!Q +-!.)K+-!.)*&+.K+-!.)B*+. $ournemouth and *ast 0orset< Ga(l Ka%%a6=$Q!$g,st-,l$Nlos,=$`+to%= Gool,$"KQW$SPG;$<,lO$TQ!T!$WM!VWY $ri?hton< No--,sO$cio$S!$Nla+.a6$Ki?. St-,,t=$Ro%2o%$SEX$V`] $ristol< S.a%,$Po4,-ts=$UW$Ki?.$St-,,t= "-istol$"SS$W^];$<,lO$TQQV$YSQQQY (am9rid?e< F%2-,'$E,stl,#=$QT _a-@s4#$Nlos,=$^(B3o-2=$Na64-i2?, N"!$XPS;$<,lO$TQ!!M$SVT!Y! (anter9ury< Po4$NoB=$X$Sta%.o+, Poa2=$^,al=$g,%t=$N<QX$WF" /uton< ]ic@$E.it,=$SY$K,#'oo2$^-i1,= R`!$VRG %edruth< Ka--#$So'2,%=$S$Nla-,%c, \illas=$P,2-(t.=$No-%'all=$<PQS$QG"; <,lO$TQ!TY$!QY!

'-%.)*%' I%*/&'0 $elfast< P;$_o%ta?(,=$QSQ$Na1,.ill Poa2=$"<QS$Q"R;$<,lO$T!UYT$SUWVYY +(-./&'0 *din9ur?h 9ranch<Qst$<.(-;$UAY+6; <.,$d(a@,-$Kall=$\icto-ia$<,--ac, ba4o1,$\icto-ia$St-,,tc=$:2i%4(-?.;$ e;$_oi-;$<,lO$TQMQ$XXT$TYYS eC__LZ>6oi-!Y;3-,,s,-1,;co;(@ "-a%c.$',4sit,O .tt+Oii?,ociti,s;co6i,2i%4(-?.4-a%c.i Llas?oM 9ranch< Qst$a%2$M-2 E,2%,s2a#$o3$,ac.$6o%t.$at$U+6$i% No66(%it#$N,%t-al$Kalls=$MTX$_a-#.ill Poa2=$9las?o';$Pic.a-2$^o%%,ll#=$QQ! ]a+i,-s.all$St-,,t=$9las?o'$9!T$WK<; <,lO$TQXQ$SVYXQTY$$:6ailO -ic.a-2;2o%%,ll#QZ%tl'o-l2;co6 &yrshire: ^;$<-ai%,-=$!Q$_a%s,$St-,,t= Salcoats=$gF!Q$SFF;$<,lO$TQ!YX XWYYYX;$$2,--ic@t-ai%,-Z3-,,(@;co6 0undee< Ca%$Patcli33,=$QW1$"i-@.all F1,=$Eo-6it=$],'+o-tAo%A<a#=$^^W UGj;$<,lO$TQM!U$SXQWXM Best /othian< !%2$a%2$Xt.$E,2s$i% 6o%t.=$V;MTAY;MT;$Ra%t.o-%$No66(%it# N,%t-,=$g,%%il'o-t.$Pis,=$^,2-i2?,= Ri1i%?sto%;$No--,sO$_att$N(l4,-t=$SM falco%$"-a,=$Ra2#',ll=$Ri1i%?sto%= E,st$Rot.ia%=$:KS$W`E;$<,lO$TQSTW XW!MSY;$6attZ's6',4;3s%,t;co;(@ B&/*+ +Mansea 9ranch< !%2$_o%=$V;MT+6= `%ita-ia%$N.(-c.=$Ki?.$St-,,t;$No--,sO 9,o33-,#$Eillia6s=$QY$"a+tist$E,ll St-,,t=$Ea(%$E,%=$S'a%s,a$SFQ$Wf"; <,lO$TQVY!$WXMW!X (ardiff and 0istrict< eo.%$ea6,s=$WV Po6ill#$Ga-@$Poa2=$"a--#$NfW!$WPP;

<,lO$TQXXW$XTSWMW I'.*%'&.I-'&/ (-'.&(.+ &O%I(& Lam9ia< Borld of Oree &ccess< cio$!Q ^o4so%$St=$",%>(l; "enya; Gat-ic@$]2,?,=$GD$"oB$SWX!U= ]ai-o4i 'ami9ia< F%t.o%#$F6(?o%?o=$GD$"oB QST!=$Ds.ata@i; !?anda; Socialist$Nl(4=$GD$"oB$!QV= ga4al,;$:6ailO$'6(?#,%kiZ#a.oo;co6 +MaPiland< _a%2ia$]ts.a@ala=$GD$"oB YUQ=$_a%ki%i *!%-P* 0enmarI< 9-a.a6$<a#lo-=$S+o4>,-1,> QVM=$^gAU!!T=$"-a4-a%2; Lermany; ]o-4,-t;$:6ailO ',ltsokialis6(sZ?6B;%,t 'orMay; Po4,-t$Sta33o-2;$:6ailO .all4lit.,Z#a.oo;co6 (-FP&'I-' P&%.I*+ -Q*%+*&+ Borld +ocialist Party of &ustralia< cio Po2$_ill,-=$U$9-a,l,,$No(-t=$gi%?sto%= <as6a%ia$VTST=$F(st-alia;$:6ailO co66o%o'%,-s.i+Z#a.oo;co6;a( +ocialist Party of (anadaKParti +ocialiste du (anada< "oB$X!UT= \icto-ia$";N;$\Uj$MjU$Na%a2a;$:6ailO SGNZi%a6,;co6 Borld +ocialist Party R'eM SealandT G;D;$"oB$QY!Y=$F(c@la%2=$]C=$],' h,ala%2;$:6ailO 's+%kZ'o-l2socialis6;o-?$ Borld +ocialist Party of the !nited +tates G;D;$"oB$XXT!XV=$"osto%=$_F T!QXX$`SF;$:6ailO 's+4osto%Z6i%2s+-i%?;co6$

0athfin"ers San.t+8*n.2.@y_ t*+ +nd ./ S8ar8;ty\

\o%%,?(t8s$8ic,A%i%,8$i%$.is$QYWM$%o1,l ,%1isa?,s$s(c.$ai-c-a3t$'it.$,%?i%, Ca-4s C+a/5%c$'as$3i-st$+-o+os,2=$a%2 t-o(4l,$?,%tl#$+a-ac.(ti%?$to$,a-t. t.,%$-,c,%tl#$-,>,ct,2$4#$^-,Bl,-$.i6s,l3 i%st,a2$o3$c-as.i%?;$_,a%'.il,$costs$a-, as$ala-6ist$b],'$Sci,%tist=$e(%,$Q!=$TXc; +l(66,ti%?;$C%$!TT!$%a%ot(4,s$cost Ko',1,-=$it$2o,s%8t$ta@,$6(c.$to$sta-t$a oMTT$+,-$?-a6=$'.il,$i%$!TTX$it$'as$oMT <.,$9-,,@$+.iloso+.,-$^,6oc-it(s= sca-,=$a%2$t.,$,%1i-o%6,%talist$lo44# bN%7 18$%"-$s- S,+t$QU=$TXc; 2o(4tl,ss$to#i%?$'it.$.is$t,a=$$3i-st :1,%$t.is$is$%ot.i%?$4(t$a%$.o-s i6a?i%,2$c(tti%?$(+$a$+i,c,$o3$ca@,$(%til .a1,$al-,a2#$4,?(%$6a@i%?$2,6a%2s$3ol,?islatio%$o1,-$t.is 28o,1-,;$<.,$6ai% .,$a--i1,2$at$a$3(%2a6,%tal$+i,c,$., 8f-a%@,%st,i%8$t,c.%olo?#= co(-s,=$a%2$t.,$ca(s, co(l2%8t$c(t$b9-,,@$aAto6=$(%c(tc;$<.,%= a%2$%,'$la's$a-,$o%$t., o3$N.a-l,s$Ei%2so-8s 6(c.$lat,-=$P(t.,-3o-2$t-i,2$to$c(t$it 'a#$bN%7 18$%"-$s- Dct$Y= sl,,+l,ss$%i?.ts=$is a%#'a#;$<.,%$Pic.a-2$f,#%6a% !TTXc -,+licatio%;$C3 'o%2,-,2$'.at$'o(l2$.a++,%$i3=$i%st,a2 ],'$la's=$a%2$t., %a%o6ac.i%,s$ca%$s,l3A o3$c(tti%?$ato6s=$#o($si6+l#$st(c@$t.,6 -,+licat,=$t.,#$co(l2$i% to?,t.,-$li@,$R,??o;$C%$t.,o-#=$.,$6(s,2= t,c.%olo?#$is$%ot$,1,%$i%$its i%3a%c#=$it8s$still$a$?-o'i%? t.,o-#$,at$t.,$'o-l2$i3 #o($co(l2$4(il2$a%#t.i%?$o(t$o3 Nanotubes 3o,t(s;$"(t$t.,$'o--#$is$t.at t.,#$?ot$o(t$o3$co%t-ol; a%#t.i%?;$F%2$t.,%$a$3(t(-istic$sci,%c, %a%o+a-ticl,s$a-,$al-,a2# "(t$t.,#=$t.i%@s '-it,-$4-o(?.t$t.,$i2,a$to$t.,$+(4lic8s c-o++i%?$(+$(%a%%o(%c,2$i%$co%s(6,^-,Bl,-=$'.#$'o(l2$',$2,si?%$t.,6$to att,%tio%$'it.$t.,$QYUW$classic$!"#$"%s +-o2(cts$li@,$s(%ta%$lotio%$4,3o-, 2o$t.atH$E.at$',$'a%t$is$co%st-(cti1, o( C+%a-$o" b%o'$2o'%loa2a4l,$as$a a%#4o2#8s$-,all#$s(-,$t.,#8-,$?oo2$3o-$(s; -,+licatio%$A$.o(s,s=$ca-s=$6ac.i%,-#= co6+l,t,$G^f$3-o6 .tt+Oii''';3o-,si?.t;o-?i:DNii%2,B;.t6 Na+italis6$is$%ot$'illi%?$to$'ait=$it$'a%ts clot.,s=$,1,%$3oo2$A$?-o'%$i%$1ats= +-o3its$%o'=$a%#$'a#$it$ca%; sil,%tl#=$(%ai2,2=$'it.o(t$3(ss$a%2 lc;$F%2$so$'as$4o-%$%a%ot,c.%olo?#; 'it.o(t$'ast,;$<.,$a4ilit#$to$-,+licat, l]a%ot,c.%olo?#$m;$<,c.%olo?#$t.at ]a%o+a-ticl,s$a-,$+-,s,%tl#$o%l#$?oo2 3o-$3ilt,-i%?=$so$t.,#$?o$i%$3ac,$c-,a6s;$ a%#$6at,-ial$6,a%s$t.,$,%2$o3$6at,-ial o+,-at,s$o%$t.,$scal,$o3$a$%a%o6,t-,= "(t$t.is$is$%a%o$at$its$6ost$t-i1ial; sca-cit#$3o-$t.,$+la%,t; '.ic.$is$a$6illio%t.$o3$a$6illi6,t-,;$<o ?i1,$#o($so6,$i2,a=$#o(-$3i%?,-%ails <.,$-,al$ac.i,1,6,%t$is$i%$co%st-(ctio%; ^-,Bl,-$is$',ll$'o-t.$-,a2i%?=$,1,% +-o4a4l#$?-,'$a4o(t$siB$%a%o6,t-,s$i%$t., E,$al-,a2#$.a1,$%a%ot-,,s=$%a%ot(4,s= %o';$"(t$i%$a6o%?st$.is$i%3,ctio(s ti6,$it$.as$>(st$ta@,%$#o($to %a%o4ots$a%2 ,%t.(sias6$t.,-,$'as$a$4i?$.ol,$'aiti%? -,a2$t.is$+a-a?-a+.;l 4(c@#4alls=$st-a%?, 3o-$t.,$J(,stio%$t.at$.,$2i2%8t$as@;$E.at ."/%0%"/%"- o" 12"/ay= WTn$ato6$6ol,c(la- 'o(l2$ca+italis6$2o$'it.$t.is _a-c.$QM=$!TTS ca?,s$.a-2,-$t.a%$a t,c.%olo?#H$f-,,$3oo2H$f-,,$.o(s,sH fi1,$#,a-s$a?o$3,' 2ia6o%2;$"(c@#t(4, f-,,$,1,-#t.i%?H$Ka-2l#p$_a-@,ts$'o(l2 +,o+l,$.a2$.,a-2$o3$it;$"(t co6+o(%2s$a-,$S colla+s,=$a%2$+o',-$,lit,s$'it.$t.,6; t.,%$G-i%c,$N.a-l,s=$'it. ti6,s$l,ss$2,%s, ]a%ot,c.%olo?#$'o(l2$i%sti?at,$a$social .is$3i%?,-$o%$t.,$+(ls,$as t.a%$st,,l$4(t$MT -,1ol(tio%$'.,t.,-$a%#o%,$'a%t,2$it$o(s(al=$a%%o(%c,2$.is ti6,s$st-o%?,-= %ot;$So$+,-.a+s$it8s$>(st$as$',ll$t.at +,-so%al$3,a-s$t.at '.il,$4o%2i%?$t.,6 -,+licati%?$%a%o4ots$a-,$still$a$lo%?$'a# %a%ot,c.%olo?#$6i?.t to$+ol#6,-s$co(l2 3-o6$losi%?$t.,i-$1i-?i%it#; acci2,%tall#$t(-%$t.,$'o-l2 l,a2$to$a$%,' i%to$a$.(?,$2,a2$s'a6+$o3 ?,%,-atio%$o3 8]a%ot,c.%olo?#O$s6all$sci,%c,=$4i?$2,al8 ?(%@;$<.is$i2,a$o3 s(+,-li?.t$ca-$a%2 is$at$t.,$Sci,%c,$_(s,(6=$Ro%2o%$SEV -(%a'a#$-,+licatio%$bt., ai-c-a3t$co6+osit,s bTUVT$UVT$XUWUc$to$MQ$F(?(st; 8?-,#A?oo$t.,o-#8= A Buckminsterfullerence molecule, (+$to$!T$ti6,s -,6i%isc,%t$o3$g(-t or 5Bucky Ball8 st-o%?,-;$^-,Bl,-

T.9 9.u2d <.8;a2;<, d+a2 9;t* t*+ ;,:+nd;n@ +n+r@y 8r;<;<\ At present, if socialism had to guarantee an average western standard of living to everyone on the planet, global energy needs would approximately quadruple. Although there are many ways in which capitalism wastes huge amounts of energy, socialist society would still be looking for effective carbon-free sources, and one of these is, inevitably, the nuclear option. While the implications of this option under capitalism gives no cause for confidence, it may be that an advanced nuclear programme, uninfected by the profit motive, could be viable. Capitalism's problem, apart from the tendency to skimp safety and disposal costs, is the threat of uranium being enriched and used as a weapon. Consequently, two new ideas on the drawing board will probably not go any further, but in money and war-free socialism they might well find a new lease of life. Su82+ar E.9+r t. ta?+ a9ay `/r., New Scientista Small sealed reactors that can be delivered to anywhere in the world are being developed buy the US Department of Energy. The idea behind the small, sealed, autonomous reactor (SSTAR) is that conventional nuclear X

stations produce about a gigawatt of electricity, making them unsuited for remote locations which have neither the technological infrastructure to refuel or maintain them of the national grid to distribute that much power. "In a SSTAR the nuclear fuel, liquid lead coolant and a steam generator is sealed inside the housing, along with steam pipes ready to be hooked up to an external generator turbine. A version producing 100 megawatts would be 15 metres tall, [ metres in diameter and weigh 500 tonnes. A 10-megawatt version is likely to weigh less than =00 tonnes." When the fuel is exhausted after [0 years, the unit would be collected for recycling. To make it work, the uranium has to recycle itself into plutonium =[9, effectively making the reactor a fastbreeder. In this circumstance, reliability is a crucial factor, and if any faults develop alerts can be sent over satellite radio channels to the D of E or to an international agency overseeing the reactors. Despite the 'forest of alarms' built into the unit, there is no real guarantee that a rogue state couldn't break in and steal the plutonium. The D of E hopes to have a working prototype by =015. This column expects to see that ambition firmly spiked.

Socialist !tandard Ma( *++,

3e" 4napper 4oun" bites an" unsoun" nibbles

A moustachioed demagogue". @abour MP Cona Ding's election team on George Gallo<ay. GuardianJ April12th.

The tension, the atmosphere fin Israelg looks like the eve of the civil war." Ariel Sharon on the current situation in Israel. IndependentJ 12th April

All my life I was defending Jews, now for the first time I'm taking steps to protect me from Jews." Ariel Sharon againJ IndependentJ April 12th

I love a fight...I love coming out to Tories' seats and roughing them up a bit. That is what elections are all about." Mohn PrescottJ GuardianJ March 12th

You can walk down the street and see who's working class and who's middle class. It's in the way we drive, the way we are, the way we dress. I am not getting back into whether I am middle class clearly I amj" Mohn Prescott againJ GuardianJ March 12th

P<2a,;8 Kan?+r<

was "that which appears in modern economic text-books as 'pure interest' - interest as a fixed payment stipulated in advance for a loan of money or wares without risk to the of the lender . . . The essence of usury 1..?;n@ One measures was that it was certain, and that, t*+ announced in whether the borrower gained or lost, Gordon Brown's preK..?< `Na election budget was the usurer took his pound of flesh". This is exactly the position preached a concession to Islamic banks. by backward Islamic clerics today, as "Under Islamic law", explained is one of the get-out clauses: No the Times (17 March), "the receipt man in mediaeval times, wrote and payment of interest is forbidden, Tawney, "may charge money for a so Sharia products are structured loan. He may of course take the differently. Islamic deposit accounts profits of partnership, provided that are operated on a profit-sharing he takes the partner's risks". arrangement, under which the bank It is on this basis that Islamic invests customers' money in Shariabanks operate. They pay depositors compliant investments and then a share in the profits made from shares profits with customers". investing the money deposited. But, This meant economically that the money speaking, that is received by what the interest depositors was paid by non-Islamic taxed as a banks to their dividend. Gordon depositors largely is Brown's anyway. Under concession capitalist conditions, consists in "interest is simply a treating it from part of profit", as now on, for tax Marx showed in purposes, as Polume III of Capital interest. (the beginning of The Christian chapter ==). What Church, too, once else could be the used to condemn source of the money interest. Or rather, to pay interest on it condemned investments than the usury since the surplus value word "interest" produced in the derives from the profit-seeking section Mediaeval Latin of the economy? word "interesse" Islamic law is which was one of quite compatible Peace be upon the profit... the ways round the with capitalism as it ban: "interesse" was the does not condemn making profits, compensaton that could be charged only sharing them in the form of if the money lent was not repaid on fixed payments. It only objects to time. bondholders not shareholders. R. H. Tawney, in his book Neligion and the Nise of Capitalism, explained that what was condemned

Pathfinders OPtra

?,%,-atio%$o3$-,l,as,$a%2$3o-?,t -o4ots$6a#$4,$+ossi4l,= +o',-,2$4#$t.,$co66o% .o(s,3l#=$'.os,$,Bos@,l,to% ca%$4,$4-o@,%$2o'%$i%to$s(?a-s (s,2$to$+-o2(c,$,l,ct-icit#; Flt.o(?.$:co4ot$is$at$+-,s,%t asto%is.i%?l#$slo'=$a%2$its 6,t.o2$o3$t-a++i%?$t.,$3li,s b(si%?$la-?,$a6o(%ts$o3$.(6a% 2(%?$as$4aitc$2,ci2,2l# (%att-acti1,=$it$ca%$last$a% i6+-,ssi1,$3i1,$2a#s$o%$>(st ,i?.t$la-?,$3li,s;$`s,s$'o(l2 i%cl(2,$a%#$t#+,$o3$-o(ti%, 6ai%t,%a%c,=$+,-.a+s$6ost a++-o+-iat,l#$i%$t.,$s+.,-,$o3 a?-ic(lt(-,=$+ot,%tiall# -,l,asi%?$.(6a%s$3-o6$6a%#$o3 t.,$6ost$t,2io(s$tas@s;

4*. 9.u2d d. t*+ d;rty 9.r? ;n <.8;a2;<,\ E.il,$co%1,%tio%al$socialist$1i,'s$o% coo+,-atio%$a%2$2i1isio%$o3$1ol(%ta-# la4o(-$2,al$J(it,$',ll$'it.$t.is$J(,stio%= t.,-,$is$%o$%,,2$3o-$+,o+l,$to$2o$t., (%+l,asa%t$'o-@$i3$a$6ac.i%,$co(l2$2o$i% i%st,a2=$a%2$a$%,'$2,1,lo+6,%t$+-,s,%ts a%$i%t-i?(i%?$+ossi4ilit#;$St,+$3o-'a-2$A at$QT$c6s$+,-$.o(-$A$t.,$i%s,ctA6(%c.i%? :co4ot;$E.il,$t.,-,$is$%ot.i%?$1,-#$%,' a4o(t$-o4ot$t,c.%olo?#=$t.,i-$2,+,%2,%c, o%$a$+o',-$s(++l#$6,a%s$t.,-,$al'a#s .as$to$4,$a$.(6a%$so6,'.,-,$i%$t., s#st,6$to$3,,2$it;$"(t$%o'$a$%,' >cobot in 5action8

Socialist !tandard Ma( *++,

The Pope: 5a conscientious defender of the established order of class privilege8

The Death of J.*n Eau2 PP The Pope's funeral dre< the devout from around the <orld and deification no< seems likely. Rut ho< much of a sinner <as this potential saintS Mohn Risset investigates the dark side of Pope Mohn Paul II

",i%?$4-o(?.t$i%to$a$2isc(ssio% o%$t.,$2,at.$o3$$ga-ol$Eo>t#la= alias$Go+,$eo.%$Ga(l$CC=$'it.$a 3,'$,l2,-l#$la2i,s$'.il,$'aiti%? 3o-$a$4(s=$C$co66,%t,2$t.at$t.,#$'o(l2$4, 'is,-$co%t,6+lati%?$t.,$.(%2-,2s$o3 t.o(sa%2s$.,$.a2$s,%t$to$t.,i-$2,at.s$t.a% 6o(-%i%?$t.,$+assi%?$o3$t.is$,%,6#$o3 t.,i-$class;$<.,$la2i,s$',-,$1isi4l# s.oc@,2=$sai2$C$'as$o(t$o3$o-2,-$a%2$t.at$C s.o(l2%8t$s+,a@$so$i--,1,-,%tl#$o3$so6,o%, so$.ol#;$C$t-i,2$to$,B+lai%$6#$-,6a-@=$4(t t.,#$',-,$.a1i%?$%o%,$o3$it; Ri@,$co(%tl,ss$6illio%s$i%$all co(%t-i,s=$t.,#$.a2$(%2o(4t,2l#$4,,% ca(?.t$(+$i%$t.at$6,2iaA?,%,-at,2$3loo2$o3 s,%ti6,%t$t.at$s',+t$a-o(%2$t.,$'o-l2 '.,%$%,'s$o3$t.,$Go+,8s$2,at.$'as 4-oa2castq$-,a2#$to$2,3,%2$t.,$clai6s$6a2, 4#$a%%o(%c,-s$o%$t.,$<\$%,'s$a%2$i%$t., !TA+a?,$+a+al$2,at.$,Bcl(si1,s$t.,$+-,ss 'as$c.(-%i%?$o(t=$t.at$a$li1i%?$sai%t$.a2 2i,2;$D%,$.(%2-,2$a%2$3i3t#$'o-l2$l,a2,-s ',-,$?oi%?$to$Po6,$to$+a#$t.,i-$-,s+,cts to$o%,$o3$t.,$l?-,at,st$6,%l$'.o$.a2$li1,2= so$C$'as$i%$%o$+ositio%$to$+ass$sac-il,?io(s >(2?,6,%t; ^a#s$lat,-$t.,$Go+,8s$3(%,-al$'as -,+o-t,2$as$t.,$4i??,st$i%$.isto-#;$$Ct$.a2 att-act,2$VT$+-,si2,%ts=$2ok,%s$o3$+-i6, 6i%ist,-s=$t.,$l,a2,-s$o3$3o(-t,,%$-,li?io%s= %i%,$@i%?s$a%2$J(,,%s$a%2$co(%tl,ss$ot.,2i?%ita-i,s;$$eoi%i%?$t.is$3a-cical$+a-a2,$o3 t.,$i%3a6o(s$',-,$X$6illio%$2,1o(t 3ollo',-s$o3$t.,$Nat.olic$N.(-c.$'.o$.a2 2,sc,%2,2$o%$Po6,$3-o6$all$o1,-$t., 'o-l2; <.,$1,-#$3act$t.at$QST$'o-l2$l,a2,-s= t.,$.,a2s$o3$t.,$,B,c(ti1,$4o2#$o3$'o-l2 ca+italis6=$',-,$@,,%$to$att,%2$t.is$3(%,-al 6(st$.a1,$s(??,st,2$so6,t.i%?;$$ga-ol Eo>t#la$'as$o%$t.,i-$si2,$a%2$'as$cl,a-l# +,-c,i1,2$as$4,i%?$a$6a%$'.o$+-o6ot,2 t.,i-$cas,;$Ka2$.,$4,,%$a$c-itic$o3$t.,$+-o3it s#st,6=$.a2$.,$+(4licl#$c-iticis,2$t., 'o-l28s$co-+o-at,$,lit,$a%2$t.,

?o1,-%6,%ts$'.o$2,3,%2$t.,i-$i%t,-,sts$4# a%#$6,a%s=$t.,#82$.a1,$s+at$o%$.is$?-a1,; Fs$it$t(-%,2$o(t=$t.is$'as$li@,$a$4i?$6a3ia 2o%8s$3(%,-al$at$'.ic.$t.,$?a%?st,3-at,-%it#$.a2$t(-%,2$o(t$to$+a#$t.,i-$last -,s+,cts$to$a$3,llo'$,%,6#$o3$la'$a%2 o-2,-; eo.%$Ga(l8s$!U$#,a-s$i%$t.,$\atica% ',-,$c,-tai%l#$co%t-o1,-sial;$K,$li1,2 t.-o(?.$i%t,-,sti%?$ti6,s=$as$t.,$sa#i%? ?o,s=$a%2$li@,$a%#$Go+,$'o-t.$.is$salt i%1ol1,2$.i6s,l3$i%$'o-l2$+olitical$a33ai-s '.,%$it$'as$co%1,%i,%t$to$2o$so$a%2$6a2, acJ(ai%ta%c,s$'it.$6a%#$'o-l2$l,a2,-s= #,t$-,4(@,2$%o%,$o3$t.,6; K,=$3o-$i%sta%c,=$-,3,--,2$to$N.il,a% 2ictato-=$Gi%oc.,t=$a%2$.is$'i3,$as$la% ,B,6+la-#$N.-istia%$co(+l,l;$E.,%$t.is ,%,6#$o3$N.il,a%$2,6oc-ac#=$'.o$.a2 @ill,2$t,%s$o3$t.o(sa%2s$o3$.is$o++o%,%ts= 'as$a--,st,2$a%2$c.a-?,2$'it.$c-i6,s a?ai%st$.(6a%it#=$t.,$Go+,$'a2,2$i%$o%$.is

(9*at 9a< t*+ Xat;8an ;/ n.t und+,.8rat;8F una88.unta72+ and 7ur+au8rat;8\A 2,3,%c,$2,6a%2i%?$.is$-,l,as,=$stati%?$t.at as$a$N.il,a%$l,a2,-$at$t.,$ti6,$o3$.is c-i6,s$.,$'as$,%titl,2$to$i66(%it#$A$a @i%2$o3$+a+al$i%3alli4ilit#$3o-$3ascists; <.-o(?.o(t$So(t.$F6,-ica=$eo.% Ga(l$si2,2$'it.$t.,$3o-c,s$o3$-,actio%= s(++o-ti%?$-i?.t$'i%?$,lit,s$a%2$-,st-ai%i%? a%#$+-i,st$'.o$sa'$t.,6s,l1,s$as$o%$t., si2,$o3$t.,$i6+o1,-is.,2$6ass,s;$<.,$+a+al %(%cios$to$t.,$N.il,a%$a%2$F-?,%ti%,a% 6ilita-#$2ictato-s.i+s$.,$+-o6ot,2$to ca-2i%als;$C%$N,%t-al$F6,-ica=$., -,+-oac.,2$6,64,-s$o3$t.,$cl,-?#$'.o$.a2 si2,2$'it.$t.,$Sa%2i%istas$a%2$+-o6ot,2$to t.,$stat(s$o3$ca-2i%al$o%,$a-c.4is.o+$'.o Socialist !tandard Ma( *++,

Far left: Eosemaria >scriva. Deified by the Pope, he was 5The saviour of the Spanish church8, according to Hitler. Left: papal collaboration with fascism

.a2$o++os,2$t.,6;$ f,'$%,'s$-,+o-ts$o%$t.,$Go+,8s$2,at. 2i2$%ot$-,3,-$to$.is$ti6,$i%$t.,$\atica% 2(-i%?$t.,$2#i%?$2a#s$o3$t.,$g-,6li%8s ,6+i-,;$So6,$-,+o-t,-s$',-,$,1,%$4ol2 ,%o(?.$to$clai6$t.at$it$'as$.is$i%t,-1,%tio% i%$t.,$Golis.$+olitical$sc,%,$i%$t.,$QYUTs t.at$,1,%t(all#$l,2$to$t.,$3all$o3$t.,$",-li% Eall; <.,$-is,$o3$Soli2a-it#$a%2$'o-@i%? class$6ilita%c#$i%$Gola%2$at$t.,$4,?i%%i%? o3$t.,$QYUTs$+a%ic@,2$?o1,-%6,%ts$a-o(%2 t.,$'o-l2;$<.,$8co66(%ists8$o3$,ast,-% :(-o+,$3,a-,2$a$?-o'i%?$t.-,at$to$t.,i-(l,=$'.il,$t.,$?o1,-%6,%ts$o3$t.,$E,st sa'$t.,$6o4ilisatio%$o3$$a%$a%?-#$s,ctio% o3$soci,t#$t.at$co(l2$o%l#$i%s+i-,$6ilita%c# i%$t.,i-$o'%$co(%t-i,s; E.il,$eo.%$Ga(l$'is.,2$to$s,,$t., ,%2$o3$Stali%ist$-(l,=$.,$'as$@,,%$t.is s.o(l2$%ot$4,$1ia$1iol,%t$-,1ol(tio%$a%2= 6o-,o1,-=$at$t.,$.a%2s$o3$l,3t$'i%? s,ctio%s$o3$Golis.$soci,t#=$4(t$4#$t.,$-i?.t; K,-,$.,$.a2$t.,$4ac@i%?$o3$t.,$`SF;$C% QYUT$eo.%$Ga(l$?-a%t,2$a%$a(2i,%c,$to$a ?-o(+$.,a2,2$4#$Soli2a-it#$l,a2,-$R,c. Eal,sa$a%2$i%$t.,$co6i%?$#,a-s$t.,$\atica% 'o(l2$3i%2$t,%s$o3$6illio%s$o3$2olla-s$to 3i%a%c,$Soli2a-it#8s$st-(??l,; _a@,$%o$6ista@,q$t.,$\atica%$'as$%ot o+,%l#$s(++o-ti%?$t.,$2,6a%2s$o3$t., 'o-@,-s$i%$t.,i-$st-(??l,$a?ai%st$a% (%2,6oc-atic=$(%acco(%ta4l,$Stali%ist 4(-,a(c-ac#;$F3t,-$all=$'.at$'as$t., \atica%$i3$%ot$(%2,6oc-atic=$(%acco(%ta4l, a%2$4(-,a(c-aticH$C%st,a2=$its$ai6$'as$to co%tai%$t.,$6o1,6,%t=$to$s,,$it$.a2$t., ?(i2a%c,$o3$%atio%alistic$a%2$-i?.tAl,a%i%? Nat.olic$i2,olo?(,s$a%2$to$,%s(-,$its co%3-o%tatio%$'it.$t.,$Golis.$l,a2,-s.i+ 2i2$%ot$?,t$o(t$o3$.a%2$a%2$'i%$la-?,i%t,-%atio%al$s(++o-t$3-o6$'o-@,-s; _a%#$%,'s$co66,%tato-s$-,3,--,2$to t.,$XVM$4,ati3icatio%s$(%2,-$t.,$eG$+a+ac#= a$3i?(-,$t.at$is$t'ic,$t.,$%(64,-$o3$sai%ts 6a2,$i%$t.,$+-,1io(s$XTT$#,a-s;$D%,$ca% o%l#$ass(6,$t.at$'it.$6o-,$social +-o4l,6s$3aci%?$.(6a%it#$t.a%$at$a%#$ti6, i%$its$.isto-#$t.,$Go+,$t.o(?.t$',$%,,2,2 a%$i%c-,as,$i%$t.,$%(64,-$o3$sai%ts$to$+-a# to$3o-$.,l+$i%$sol1i%?$t.,6; Ko',1,-=$a6o%?$t.os,$4,ati3i,2$a%2 ,l,1at,2$to$t.,$-a%@s$o3$t.,$sai%ts$4#$eo.% Ga(l$CC$$'as$t.,$a%tiAS,6it,$Go+,$Gi(s$Cj a%2$Go+,$Gi(s$jCC=$$t.,$latt,-$4,i%?$t., sa6,$Gi(s$'.o$colla4o-at,2$'it.$t., 3ascist$-,?i6,s$i%$S+ai%=$Ctal#$a%2 9,-6a%#;$Gi(s$jCC$o-2,-,2$t.,$Nat.olic N.(-c.$i%$]aki$9,-6a%#$to$st,,-$cl,a-$o3 +olitical$acti1it#=$to$clos,$its$+olitical +a-ti,s$a%2$to$sti3l,$its$%,'s+a+,-s;$Kitl,'o(l2$-,3,-$to$t.is$Ga+al$6o1,$as$la$?-,at ac.i,1,6,%tl$a%2$o3$,%o-6o(s$a21a%ta?, i%$t.,$l3i?.t$a?ai%st$i%t,-%atio%al$e,'-#l; `%2,-$Gi(s8$'atc.3(l$,#,=$t.,$Nat.olic N.(-c.$',%t$o%$to$colla4o-at,$i%$t., l-acial$c,-ti3icatio%l$o3$all$9,-6a%s$a%2 Socialist !tandard Ma( *++,

-,3(s,2$to$o+,%l#$co%2,6%$Kitl,-$'.,%$it 'as$@%o'%$t.at$6illio%s$',-,$4,i%?$s,%t$to t.,$,Bt,-6i%atio%$ca6+s; Flso$,l,1at,2$to$sai%t.oo2$'as eos,6a-ia$:sc-i1r=$t.,$3o(%2,-$o3$t., .i,-a-c.ical$a%2$cla%2,sti%,$D+(s$^,i$i% _a2-i2$i%$QY!U=$a%2$2,sc-i4,2$4#$Kitl,-$as lt.,$sa1io(-$o3$t.,$S+a%is.$c.(-c.l=$alo%? 'it.$_ot.,-$<.,-,sa$'.o=$'.,% J(,stio%,2$o%$.o'$.,-$o++ositio%$to co%t-ac,+tio%$i%$Nalc(tta$'as$l,a2i%?$to (%%,c,ssa-#$i%3a%til,$2,at.s=$co(%t,-,2$t.at ,1,%$a$c.il2$'.o$4-,at.,2$o%l#$a$3,' .o(-s$6,a%t$a%ot.,-$so(l$3o-$.,a1,%;$$fo_ot.,-$<.,-,sa=$s(33,-i%?$'as$a$4l,ssi%? 3-o6$t.,$al6i?.t#=$3o-$it$,%a4l,2$ca-,-s$to -,1,al$t.,i-$lo1,$3o-$t.,$a33lict,2; D%,$sca%2al$t.,$+-,ss$t,%2,2$to$st,,cl,a-$o3$A$a%2$o%,$.(6iliatio%$eo.%$Ga(l 'as$@,,%$to$-i2,$o(t$o%$4,.al3$o3 Nat.olicis6$A$'as$t.,$s,B(al$a4(s, sca%2als$co%c,-%i%?$+-i,sts$a%2$N.(-c. o33icials;$Si%c,$t.,$QYSTs=$X=XST$cat.olic cl,-?#$i%$t.,$`S$alo%,$.a1,$4,,%$acc(s,2 o3$6ol,sti%?$c.il2-,%;$<.,$all,?atio%s$.a1, +,-sist,2$2o'%$t.,$#,a-s$i%$s+it,$o3$a

(t*+ E.:+ 7+8a,+ bu<t an.t*+r r+a8t;.nary a@+nt ./ .::r+<<;.nF 2;?+ a22 ./ *;< :r+d+8+<<.r<A \atica%$2,c-,,$i%$t.,$QYWTs$'.ic. t.-,at,%,2$a%#o%,$,B+osi%?$c.il2$s,B a4(s,$'it.i%$t.,$N.(-c.$'it. ,Bco66(%icatio%;$eo.%$Ga(l$co%ti%(,2$t., co1,-A(+=$iss(i%?$a%$,2ict$2,6a%2i%? N.(-c.$s,c-,c#$i%$c.il2$a4(s,$all,?atio%s; <.,$Go+,8s$-(li%?$o%$t.,$6att,-$'as$3,lt$to 4,$so$co%cl(si1,$t.at$o%,$l,a2,-$o3$a S+a%is.$s,6i%a-#$+,-s(a2,2$.is$sc.ola-s t.at$.,$.a2$t.,$Go+,8s$4l,ssi%?$to 6ast(-4at,$t.,6; eo.%$Ga(l8s$co6+licit#$i%$att,6+ti%? to$co%c,al$s,B(al$,B+loitatio%$i%$t., F6,-ica%=$C-is.=$F(st-ia%$a%2$ot.,N.(-c.,s=$a%2$.is$(%2,-6i%i%?$o3$t., i6+o-ta%c,$o3$t.,$all,?atio%s$o%c,$t.,#$.a2 co6,$to$'o-l2$att,%tio%=$6,-,l# ,6+.asik,2$t.,$\atica%8s$2o(4l,$sta%2a-2s o%$iss(,s$o3$s,B(al$6o-alit#; E.il,$co1,-i%?$(+$t.,$,Bc,ss,s$o3$a s,B(all#$3-(st-at,2$cl,-?#$'.o$3o(%2$it i6+ossi4l,$to$a2.,-,$to$t.,$1o'$o3$c.astit#= eo.%$Ga(l$'as$,1,-$-,a2#$to$+-o%o(%c, +a+al$1,-2icts$o%$.o6os,B(alit#=$s,B o(tsi2,$o3$6a--ia?,=$2i1o-c,=$a4o-tio%$a%2 t.,$(s,$o3$4i-t.$co%t-ol;$$ C%$-,c,%t$#,a-s=$i%$s+it,$o3$a$?-o'i%? Fi2s$,+i2,6ic$'.ic.$%o'$i%3,cts$t,%s$o3 6illio%s$i%$i6+o1,-is.,2$co(%t-i,s=$t.,

\atica%$'it.2-,'$its$s(++o-t$3-o6$t.os, o-?a%isatio%s$t.at$2ist-i4(t,2$3-,,$co%2o6s; <.,$.,a2$o3$t.,$\atica%8s$o33ic,$o%$t., 3a6il#=$Fl3o%so$Ro+,k$<-(>illo=$+-o+a?at,2 t.,$li,$t.at$t.,$Fi2s$1i-(s$ca%$+ass$t.-o(?. 6ic-osco+ic$.ol,s$i%$co%2o6s=$a%2$eo.% Ga(l$-,3,--,2$to$t.,$(s,$o3$co%2o6s$as$a 8c(lt(-,$o3$2,at.8;$C%$:l$Sal1a2o-=$a3t,-$a lo%?$st-(??l,$4#$t.,$N.(-c.=$+ac@,ts$o3 co%2o6s$',-,$+-i%t,2$'it.$t.,$'a-%i%? t.at$t.,#$2i2$%ot$+-ot,ct$(s,-s$3-o6$t., s+-,a2$o3$KC\$a%2=$i%$]i?,-ia=$t., a-c.4is.o+$o3$]ai-o4i$+-oclai6,2$t.at co%2o6s$act(all#$ca(s,2$Fi2s; `%2o(4t,2l#=$6illio%s$'.o$loo@,2$to t.,$Nat.olic$N.(-c.$3o-$?(i2a%c,=$'.o 2,cli%,2$t.,$(s,$o3$+-ot,ctio%$2(-i%?$s,B= ',-,$.a%2,2$a$2,at.$s,%t,%c,;$G,-.a+s 6illio%s$o3$'o6,%$',-,$3o-c,2=$4#$3,a-$o3 t.,$3la6,s$o3$.,ll=$to$4-i%?$#o(%?$3a6ili,s i%to$a$'o-l2$o3$a4>,ct$+o1,-t#$a%2$,a-l# 2,at.$t.-o(?.$2is,as,$a%2$.(%?,-;$ E.ilst$6a%#$sa'$eG$as$a$c.a6+io%$o3 2,6oc-ac#$a%2$$.(6a%$-i?.ts=$a$o%,A6a% F6%,st#$C%t,-%atio%al$as$o%,$co66,%tatos(??,st,2$i%$t.,$+-,ss=$t.,$t-(t.$is$.,$'as$a co%sci,%tio(s$2,3,%2,-$o3$t.,$,sta4lis.,2 o-2,-$o3$',st,-%Ast#l,$class$+-i1il,?,=$,1,% i3$.,$2i2$o%c,$-,3,-$to$,l,ct,2$?o1,-%6,%ts as$t.,$s+-,a2,-s$o3$l%i.ilis6l;$K,$6i?.t .a1,$la64ast,2$as$a%$at.,istic$2o?6a$'.at 6a%#$-,3,-$to$as$lsocialis6l$bstat, ca+italis6c$i%$t.,$:%c#clical$N,%t,si6(s F%%(s=$'.,t.,-$it$,Bist,2$i%$:ast,-% :(-o+,$o-$N,%t-al$F6,-ica=$4(t$t.is$s,,6s to$4,$.is$o%l#$-,aso%$A$lsocialis6l$'as associat,2$'it.$at.,is6$a%2$t.,-,3o-,$'as a$s,-io(s$c.all,%?,$to$-(l,$3-o6$Po6, _o-,$i6+o-ta%tl#=$t.,$Go+,$.,a2,2$a% o-?a%isatio%$'it.$Q;M$4illio%$3ollo',-s$'.o ',-,$,%co(-a?,2$to$+(t$t.,i-$t-(st$i%$a$?o2 a%2$to$+-a#$to$t.is$?o2$to$sol1,$t.,$6a>o+-o4l,6s$o3$t.,$2a#=$t.(s$2i6i%is.i%? +,o+l,8s$3ait.$i%$t.,i-$o'%$a4ilit#$to$so-t o(t$t.,i-$o'%$+-o4l,6s$a%2$(%2,-6i%i%? t.,$li@,li.oo2$o3$'o-@,-s$(%iti%?$a%2 o-?a%isi%?$'it.$a$$co66o%$o4>,cti1,; Fcco-2i%?l#=$t.,$Go+,$4,ca6,$>(st$a%ot.,-,actio%a-#$a?,%t$o3$o++-,ssio%=$li@,$all$o3 .is$+-,2,c,sso-s;$$F%2$t.,$\atica%8s -,actio%a-#$c-,2,%tials$a-,$%ot.i%?$-,c,%t; C%2,,2=$it$.as$4,,%$+a-t$o3$t.,$3o(%2atio% o3$-,actio%$si%c,$t.,$sta-t=$'.,t.,-$it$'as (-?i%?$t.,$6ass,s$to$o4,#$t.,$Na,sa-s= s(++o-ti%?$t.,$3,(2al$.i,-a-c.ical$o-2,-= o++osi%?$t.,$G-ot,sta%t$-,3o-6atio%$osi2i%?$'it.$t.,$ca+italist$class$a?ai%st$t., 'o-@,-s=$2,t,-6i%,2$al'a#s$to$sti3l,$t., a%?,-$o3$t.,$o++-,ss,2$'it.$+-o6is,s$o3 -,'a-2$i%$.,a1,%$3o-$t.,i-$s(33,-i%?s$i3 t.,#$st-(??l,$o%$(%co6+lai%i%?l#=$a%2$a% ,t,-%it#$i%$t.,$s(l+.(-o(s$+its$o3$.,ll$i3 t.,#$o-?a%is,2$to$4,tt,-$t.,i-$lot;" U-)' $I++*..

1961 and construction of the Berlin Wall begins

)*+ 50t* Cnn;D+r<ary of the 4ar<a9 Ea8t <.is$6o%t.$6a-@s$t.,$STt. F%%i1,-sa-#$o3$t.,$si?%i%?$o3 t.,$Ea-sa'$Gact=$t.,$+olitical a%2$6ilita-#$allia%c,$o3$t.,$soA call,2$8socialist8$co(%t-i,s$i%$:ast,-% :(-o+,;$Si?%,2$o%$QX$_a#$QYSS$it$4o(%2 to?,t.,-$i%$a$82,3,%si1,$allia%c,8$P(ssia= Gola%2=$Nk,c.oslo1a@ia=$K(%?a-#= P(6a%ia=$"(l?a-ia$a%2$Fl4a%ia;$:ast 9,-6a%#$>oi%,2$i%$QYSW=$'.il,$Fl4a%ia sta-t,2$2ista%ci%?$its,l3$3-o6$QYW! o%'a-2$a%2$'it.2-,'$alto?,t.,-$i%$QYWU;$ <.,$P(ssia%$?o1,-%6,%t$clai6,2 t.at$t.,$Ea-sa'$Gact$'as$,sta4lis.,2$as$a -,s+o%s,$to$t.,$i%co-+o-atio%$o3$t., f,2,-al$P,+(4lic$o3$9,-6a%#$bE,st 9,-6a%#c$i%to$t.,$]o-t.$Ftla%tic$<-,at# D-?a%isatio%$b]F<Dc$i%$QYSS;$C% +-actic,=$.o',1,-=$it$act,2$as$a$3asa2,$3o6ai%tai%i%?$+olitical$a%2$6ilita-#$co%t-ol o1,-$:ast$:(-o+,a%$co(%t-i,s$8li4,-at,28 3-o6$9,-6a%$occ(+atio%$a%2$a$cloa@$3oi%t,-1,%tio%$i%$t.,$a33ai-s$o3$its$8alli,s8$bi% ,33,ct$its$sat,llit,sc=$as$occ(--,2$i% K(%?a-#$a%2$Gola%2$i%$QYSW$a%2 Nk,c.oslo1a@ia$i%$QYWU;$]o-6a%$Ro', +oi%ts$o(t$t.at$3o-$6a%#$'-iti%?$2(-i%? t.,$8Nol2$Ea-8$,-a=$]F<D$'as$lt.,$E,st8s s,l3A2,3,%c,$a?ai%st$co66(%ist a??-,ssio%l$b9as-%+$"# :+$-$sh <$s-o+y=$+; S!Yc;$"(t$'.il,$t.,-,$'as$?-,at$t,%sio% a%2$a%ta?o%is6$a3t,-$t.,$'a-$t.,$%otio% t.at$P(ssia$'as$'aiti%?$3o-$t., o++o-t(%it#$to$i%1a2,$E,st,-%$:(-o+,=$a%

actio%$t.at$'o(l2$.a1,$ac.i,1,2$%ot.i%? s.o-t$o3$total$s,l3Aa%%i.ilatio%=$6(st$4, 1i,',2$'it.$sc,+ticis6;$ G-,si2,%t$:is,%.o',-=$3o-$,Ba6+l,= co%sist,%tl#$.,l2$t.,$1i,'$t.at$t.,$P(ssia +os,2$%o$6ilita-#$t.-,at$to$E,st,-% :(-o+,;$C%st,a2=$.,$sa'$]F<D8s$+-i6a-# -ol,$as$to$8.a-2,%8$:(-o+,a%$+,o+l,$i% t.,i-$o++ositio%$to$8co66(%is68$a%2$$lto

(t*+ a22+@+d 09ar0 7+t9++n t*+ t9. :.9+r 72.8< 9a< .r8*+<trat+d t. 8.ntr.2 :u72;8 .:;n;.nA co--al$its$alli,s$a%2$to$.,a2$o33$%,(t-alis6= as$',ll$as$2,t,-$t.,$P(ssia%sl$bf-a%@ Nosti?liola=$=%""%/y4s >2%s- (o+ ?$8-o+y= +;$!XXc;$$C%$QYYY=$t.,$9(a-2ia%$-,1i,',2 %,'l#$2,classi3i,2$"-itis.$?o1,-%6,%t 2oc(6,%ts$i%cl(2i%?$a$QYWU$fo-,i?% D33ic,$>oi%t$i%t,lli?,%c,$co66itt,, a%al#sis;$Cts$s(66a-#$o3$t.,$a%al#sis stat,sO$lP(ssia$.a2$%o$i%t,%tio%$o3 la(%c.i%?$a$6ilita-#$attac@$o%$t.,$E,st$at t.,$.,i?.t$o3$t.,$Nol2$Ea-$a%2$i%$sta-@ co%t-ast$to$'.at$E,st,-%$+oliticia%s$a%2 6ilita-#$l,a2,-s$',-,$sa#i%?$i%$+(4lic a4o(t$t.,$8So1i,t$t.-,at8l$bQ$ea%(a-# QYYYc;$"(t$i3$t.,$P(ssia%$6ilita-#$t.-,at

2i2%8t$-,all#$,Bist$'.at$'as$t.,$4asis$o3 t.,$8Nol2$Ea-H8 F%$i6+o-ta%t$+-,Aco%2itio%$3o-$t., +,-+,t(atio%$o3$ca+italist$class$2o6i%a%c, is$t.,$(%co%2itio%al$8o4,2i,%c,8$o3 o-2i%a-#$'o-@i%?$+,o+l,;$C%$a$%o%A a(t.o-ita-ia%$soci,t#$+,-.a+s$t.,$6ost ,33,cti1,$'a#$o3$s(stai%i%?$o4,2i,%c,$is 4#$i%2(ci%?$3,a-$o3$a$+,-c,i1,2$,Bt,-%al t.-,at$t.at$i%ti6i2at,s$o-2i%a-#$+,o+l, i%to$?i1i%?$(%J(,stio%i%?$s(++o-t$to$t.,i?o1,-%6,%ts$i%$-,t(-%$3o-$+-ot,ctio%$3-o6 t.,$a++a-,%t$t.-,at;$E,st,-%$?o1,-%6,%ts co%c,i1,2$t.,$8C%t,-%atio%al$No66(%ist No%s+i-ac#8$a%2$t.,$8Nol2$Ea-8$as ,la4o-at,$3ai-#$tal,s=$?-ossl#$,Ba??,-ati%? t.,$t.-,at$o3$P(ssia%$6ilita-#$i%t,%tio%s$to i%stil$3,a-$a%2$i%ti6i2at,$E,st,-%$+(4lic o+i%io%;$ <.,s,$3ai-#$tal,s$.a1,$t.,i-$o-i?i%s i%$t.,$P(ssia%$P,1ol(tio%$o3$QYQV$'.,% t.,$"ols.,1i@s$s,ik,2$+o',-$a%2 ,sta4lis.,2$stat,$ca+italis6$6asJ(,-a2i%? as$8socialis6;8$<.is$,1,%t$6a2,$co%3lict 4,t',,%$P(ssia$a%2$',st,-%$ca+italis6 i%,1ita4l,$a%2$'it.i%$6o%t.s$o3$t.is s,ik(-,$o3$+o',-$3i3t,,%$co(%t-i,s$i%1a2,2 P(ssia$i%$'.at$'as$.ail,2$as$a$.,-oic 6issio%$i%s+i-,2$4#$a$2,si-,$to$s,c(-, s,l3A2,t,-6i%atio%$3o-$t.,$P(ssia%$+,o+l,; "(t$o%$,Ba6i%atio%$t.,$6oti1,$4,.i%2 t.is$i%1asio%$.a2$littl,$to$2o$'it. alt-(is6=$4,i%?$i%st,a2$2-i1,%$4#$+(-, s,l3Ai%t,-,st$,+ito6is,2$i%$t.-,,$+-i%ci+al co%c,-%s;$fi-stl#=$t.,$-,1ol(tio%$.a2 -,%2,-,2$a$1ast$a-,a$A$i%$,Bc,ss$o3$QS +,-c,%t$o3$t.,$'o-l28s$la%26ass$A$8o33A li6its8$to$E,st,-%$ca+italist$,B+a%sio%; S,co%2=$t.,$%,'$P(ssia%$Stat, -,+-,s,%t,2$a$2a%?,-o(s$,Ba6+l,$o3$a% alt,-%ati1,$to$3-,,$6a-@,t$ca+italis6$t.at t.-,at,%,2$to$i%s+i-,$+,o+l,$to$,%?a?,$i% st-(??l,s$to$,sta4lis.$8co66(%is68$i% ot.,-$co(%t-i,s;$<.i-2l#=$t.,$%,'$P(ssia% -,?i6,$+-actisi%?$stat,$ca+italis6$'o(l2 Socialist !tandard Ma( *++,

6o2,l$4as,2$o%$+-i1at, i%1,st6,%t$a%2$83-,, 6a-@,ts8$2o6i%at,2$4# co-+o-atio%s;$f-,, 6a-@,t$ca+italis6 +-,3,-s$a$sta4l,= (%-,st-ict,2$'o-l2 '.,-,$co(%t-i,s$a-, 8o+,%8$to$t.,$3-,, 6o1,6,%t$o3$ca+ital a%2$co%2itio%s co%2(ci1,$to (%3,tt,-,2$'o-@,,B+loitatio%$a%2$t., 6aBi6isatio%$o3 +-o3its;$$

The division of >urope during the Cold War

i%,1ita4l#$c.all,%?,$3-,,$6a-@,t ca+italis6$i%$3(t(-,$s+.,-,s$o3$i%3l(,%c,;$ Br++ ,ar?+t 8a:;ta2;<, <.,$`%it,2$Stat,s$,6,-?,2$3-o6$t., S,co%2$Eo-l2$Ea-$as$6ost$+o',-3(l %atio%$i%$t.,$.isto-#$o3$t.,$+la%,t$a%2$s,t a4o(t$s.a+i%?$a$'o-l2$i%$'.ic. ca+italis6$a%2$+a-tic(la-l#$`S$ca+italis6 co(l2$3lo(-is.$(%.i%2,-,2;$<.,$`S$Stat, ^,+a-t6,%t$a%2$No(%cil$o3$fo-,i?% P,latio%s$co%st-(ct,2$a%$i6a?,$o3$t., +ostA'a-$'o-l2$t.at$co6+-is,2$t.,$-,?io%s lst-at,?icall#$i6+o-ta%t$3o-$'o-l2$co%t-oll to$4,$s(4o-2i%at,2$to$t.,$%,,2s$o3$$3-,, 6a-@,t$ca+italis6;$:ac.$-,?io%$'as assi?%,2$a$-ol,$'it.$,6+.asis$+lac,2$o% _i22l,$:ast,-%$oil$a%2$o%$t., ,co%o6icall#$(%2,-2,1,lo+,2$co(%t-i,s$to 4,$+,-6a%,%tl#$assi?%,2$t.,$-ol,$o3$a so(-c,$o3$-a'$6at,-ials=$c.,a+ ,B+,%2a4l,$la4o(-$a%2$6a-@,ts;$\ital$to t.is$1isio%$'as$t.at$+ostA'a-,co%st-(ctio%$s.o(l2$i%stall$3o-,i?% ?o1,-%6,%ts$'illi%?$to$,64-ac,$t.,$8-i?.t8 4(si%,ss$+.iloso+.#q$a$-,J(i-,6,%t$t.at 4-o(?.t$E,st,-%$ca+italis6$i%to$co%3lict 'it.$t.,$stat,Aco%t-oll,2$ca+italis6$o3 P(ssia$a%2$its$%,'l#Aco%J(,-,2$:ast,-% :(-o+,$t,--ito-i,s; F%$,B+a%2,2$P(ssia%$:6+i-, -,+-,s,%t,2$a%$(%acc,+ta4l,$c.all,%?,$to ',st,-%$ca+italis6$a%2$its$+la%$3o.,?,6o%#;$<.,$a%%,Batio%$o3$:ast,-% :(-o+,a%$co(%t-i,s$4a--,2$3-,,$acc,ss$o3 ca+italist$+o',-s$to$'.ol,$-,?io%s ,B+,ct,2$to$+-o1i2,$-a'$6at,-ials= i%1,st6,%t$o++o-t(%iti,s=$6a-@,ts$a%2 c.,a+$la4o(-$i%$+-,cis,l#$t.,$sa6,$'a#$as t.,$QYQV$P(ssia%$P,1ol(tio%$.a2 3-(st-at,2$,a-li,-$i%t,%tio%s$to$,B+loit$+-,A -,1ol(tio%a-#$P(ssia$its,l3;$Stat, ca+italis6$'as$a%$(%acc,+ta4l,$co%st-ai%t o%$ca+italis68s$3-,,$2,1,lo+6,%t= 3ost,-i%?$a%$(%'illi%?%,ss$to$coAo+,-at, o-$co6+l,6,%t$ca+italis6$i%$t., ,sta4lis.,2$i%2(st-ial$co(%t-i,s;$Cts c,%t-alis,2$8co66a%2$,co%o6#8$'as i%co6+ati4l,$'it.$',st,-%$a%2 +a-tic(la-l#$`S$+la%s$to$co%st-(ct$a$?lo4al Socialist !tandard Ma( *++,

)*+ t*r+at ./ 08.,,un;<,0 <.,$,Bist,%c,$o3 a$8So1i,t$"loc=8 clai6i%?$to$4,$t., i2,olo?ical$a%tit.,sis o3$ca+italis6$'as$a% a%at.,6a$to$t., ca+italist$E,st;$$<., so(-c,$o3$co%c,-%$la# %ot$i%$P(ssia%$6ilita-#$st-,%?t.=$4(t -at.,-$t.,$3,a-$t.at$'o-@i%?$+,o+l,$6i?.t 4,$s,2(c,2$4#$t.,$+-o+a?a%2a$a++,al$o3 8co66(%is68$a%2$att,6+t$to$,sta4lis. P(ssia%Ast#l,$stat,$ca+italis6$i%$ot.,co(%t-i,s$t.at$'o(l2$,Bcl(2,$E,st,-% ca+italis6$a%2$-,6o1,$3(-t.,-$t,--ito-ial 3-o6$t.,i-$co%t-ol;$Fs$`S$st-at,?ic +la%%,-$9,o-?,$g,%%a%$+(t$it$i%$Dcto4,QYXVO$$lCt$is$%ot$P(ssia%$6ilita-#$+o',t.at$t.-,at,%s$(s=$it$is$P(ssia%$+olitical +o',-l$b1-+a-%#$%s o( Co"-a$"m%"-=$++; MSWASVc;$<.,$i2,olo?ical$(%2,-+i%%i%?$3oa$+,-+,t(al$co%3lict$'as$,B+-,ss,2$4#$t., `%it,2$Stat,s$]atio%al$S,c(-it#$No(%cil i%$its$-,sol(tio%$WU=$'.ic.$co%st-(ct,2$a 1isio%$o3$a$'o-l2$2i1i2,2$i%to$t'o 2ia6,t-icall#$o++osi%?$3o-c,s -,+-,s,%ti%?$8a4sol(t,$,1il8$o%$t.,$o%,$si2, a%2$8a4sol(t,$?oo28$o%$t.,$ot.,-; 8No66(%is6=8$it$ass,-t,2=$'as (%i6a?i%a4l#$,1il=$i%t,%t$o%$'o-l2 2o6i%atio%$a%2$6(st$4,$,1,-#'.,-, c.all,%?,2$to$2,3,%2$t.,$83-,,$'o-l28;$<., `S$'as$?i1,%$-,s+o%si4ilit#$3o-$l,a2i%? t.is$st-(??l,=$t.,-,4#$?-a%ti%?$its,l3$t., a4sol(t,$-i?.t$to$2,3,%2$o-$a21a%c,$t., i%t,-,sts$o3$3-,,$6a-@,t$ca+italis6 a%#'.,-,$i%$t.,$'o-l2$(%2,-$t.,$+-,t,Bt t.at$a%#$i%t,-1,%tio%$'o(l2$4,$a%ot.,+.as,$i%$t.,$st-(??l,$to$+-,1,%t$t., 8ca%c,-o(s$s+-,a2$o3$co66(%is6;8$ <.,$(lti6at,$o4>,cti1,$o3$',st,-% ?o1,-%6,%ts$'as$to$3o-c,$P(ssia$a%2$its sat,llit,s$to$-,t(-%$to$t.,i-$,co%o6icall# (%2,-2,1,lo+,2$stat(s=$l,a1i%?$1ast$%,' t,--ito-i,s=$-a'$6at,-ial$a%2$c.,a+$la4o(-i+,$3o-$,B+loitatio%;$"(t$(%til$t.is$co(l2 4,$ac.i,1,2$t.,$st-(??l,$3o-$,co%o6ic 2o6i%atio%$'o(l2$co%ti%(,$i%$t., (%2,1,lo+,2$co(%t-i,s$a%2$t.,$%,,2$to co64at$t.,$,1il$o3$8co66(%is68$'o(l2 s,-1,$as$a$>(sti3icatio%$3o-$actio%$a?ai%st a%#$6o1,6,%t$t.at$6i?.t$?ai%$co%t-ol o1,-$la-?,$6ass,s$o3$+,o+l,=$as$.a++,%,2 i%$\i,t%a6;$S(c.$6o1,6,%ts$a-, 2a%?,-o(s$to$',st,-%$ca+italis6$i3$t.,# a-,$i%2icati1,$o3$a$+-,3,-,%c,$3o-$ca+italist 2,1,lo+6,%t$i%2,+,%2,%t$o3$',st,-% co%t-ol;$

Q;,;t;n@ 9+<t+rn a@@r+<<;.n P(ssia$also$-,+-,s,%t,2$o%,$3(-t.,c.all,%?,$to$3-,,$6a-@,t$ca+italis6;$Fs ',ll$as$,Bcl(2i%?$t.,$83-,,$6a-@,t8$3-o6 its$t,--ito-i,s=$P(ssia=$li@,$its$',st,-% co(%t,-+a-ts=$s,ik,2$,1,-#$o++o-t(%it#$to ,B+loit$+ot,%tial$ta-?,ts$-,?(la-l#$(si%? Ea-sa'$Gact$co(%t-i,s$to$o33,-$s(++o-t$to ta-?,ts$o3$`S$s(41,-sio%;$<.,s,$P(ssia% 1,%t(-,s$i6+os,2$(%acc,+ta4l,$li6its$o% E,st,-%$as+i-atio%s$i%$(%2,1,lo+,2 co(%t-i,s=$att-acti%?$'i2,s+-,a2 co%2,6%atio%$3-o6$E,st,-%$+oliticia%s a%2$6,2ia$a%2$,Bc,ll,%t$+-o+a?a%2a$to s'a#$+(4lic$o+i%io%$a?ai%st$8co66(%is68 a%2$to$-,i%3o-c,$t.,$4,li,3$t.at$`S 8+-ot,ctio%8$'as$%,c,ssa-#$to$co64at$t., P(ssia%$6,%ac,; :ss,%tiall#=$t.,$8Nol2$Ea-=8$o3$'.ic. t.,$Ea-sa'$Gact$a%2$]F<D$',-,$t., 1isi4l,$s#64ols=$s,t$t.,$+a-a6,t,-s$o%$a s#st,6$o3$>oi%t$?lo4al$6a%a?,6,%t;$<., 6#t.$o3$t.,$8Nol2$Ea-8$,%a4l,2$,ac.$o3 t.,$t'o$ca+italist$s(+,-+o',-s$to$co%t-ol its$-,al$,%,6#$A$its$o'%$'o-@i%?$+,o+l,$A 4#$i%ti6i2ati%?$it$'it.$%,'s$o3$t., t-a%s?-,ssio%s$o3$t.,$ot.,-$a%2$as$a >(sti3icatio%$3o-$-,+-,ssio%$i%$its$o'% s+.,-,$o3$co%t-ol;$"(t$4,%,at.$t., i2,olo?ical$-.,to-ic$t.,-,$'as$also$a$tacit (%2,-sta%2i%?$t.at$,ac.$s.o(l2$4,$l,3t$to co%t-ol$its$o'%$s+.,-,$o3$i%3l(,%c,;$So '.il,$3-,,$6a-@,t$ca+italis6$l,2$4#$t., `%it,2$Stat,s$'o(l2$'a?,$'a-$a%2 ,B+a%2$i%to$'.at$4,ca6,$@%o'%$as$t., 8<.i-2$Eo-l28=$t.,$P(ssia%s$'o(l2 6ai%tai%$co%t-ol$o1,-$its$:ast$:(-o+,a% sat,llit,s;$<.is$acco(%ts$3o-$t.,$E,st8s -,3(sal$to$assist$t.,$+,o+l,$o3$K(%?a-# a%2$Gola%2$i%$QYSW$a%2$Nk,c.oslo1a@ia i%$QYWU=$a%2$,B+lai%s$'.#$t.,$P(ssia%s 6a2,$%o$?-,at$,33o-t$to$ai2$\i,t%a6$o-$to assist$t.,$,6,-?i%?$%atio%alist$?-o(+s$t.at c.all,%?,2$`S$2o6i%atio%$i%$Rati% F6,-ica;$^,s+it,$t.,$-.,to-ic=$t.,$all,?,2 8'a-8$4,t',,%$t.,$t'o$+o',-$4locs$'as t.,at-,=$o-c.,st-at,2$to$co%t-ol$+(4lic o+i%io%;$$ <.o(?.$t.,$-,aso%s$3o-$t.,$3i%al colla+s,$o3$t.,$P(ssia$a-,$co6+l,B=$it$'as ,1i2,%t$t.at$4#$QYUT$i%t,-%al$+-o4l,6s a%2$,co%o6ic$sta?%atio%$',-, .,i?.t,%i%?$a%2$co%t-ol$o1,-$t.,$:ast,-% :(-o+,a%$co(%t-i,s$'as$-a+i2l# 2'i%2li%?;$E.,%$t.,$-ott,%$,2i3ic,$o3 P(ssia%$a(t.o-ita-ia%is6$sta-t,2 colla+si%?$i%$:ast,-%$:(-o+,$i%$QYUY$t., 3asa2,$o3$t.,$Ea-sa'$Gact$s.att,-,2$a%2 o33iciall#$2issol1,2$i%$G-a?(,$o%$Q$e(l# QYYQ;$ <.,$8Nol2$Ea-8$,%2,2$i%$a$+,-.a+s i%,1ita4l,$1icto-#$o3$3-,,$6a-@,t ca+italis6$o1,-$stat,$co%t-oll,2 ca+italis6;$"(t$'.il,$t.,$8Nol2$Ea-8 c,as,2$to$4,$a$1ali2$+-,t,Bt=$E,st,-% ca+italis6$.as$4,,%$J(ic@$to$2isco1,-$%,' +-,t,Bts=$o3$'.ic.$t.,$8'a-$o%$t,--o-8$is si6+l#$t.,$lat,st=$3o-$a$co%ti%(atio%$o3 +olici,s$t.at$a-,$%ot.i%?$6o-,$t.a%$a% ,B+-,ssio%$o3$its$i%stit(tio%al$%,,2s;$So t.o(?.$t.,$>(sti3icatio%s$.a1,$c.a%?,2$t., -,al$st-(??l,=$2-i1,%$4#$ca+italist$class i%t,-,st=$to$s,c(-,$t.,$3-,,$6o1,6,%t$o3 ca+ital$a%2$(%-,st-ict,2$acc,ss$to$6a-@,ts a%2$-a'$6at,-ials$co%ti%(,s$(%a4at,2 'it.$'o-@i%?$+,o+l,$,1,-#'.,-,$t., (%2is+(t,2$1icti6s;$$$ +.*Q* .%-.. Y

2005 J+n+ra2 L2+8t;.n

POTE LBBL1)PXL > POTE CQ)LISC)PXL

C%$_a#$!TTS=$t.is$is$t.,$6ost i6+o-ta%t$?,%,-al$,l,ctio%$,1,-; D-$'as$t.at$i%$!TTQH$$D-$i% QYYVH$$D-$QYUVH$<.,$4i?$+olitical +a-ti,s$'a%t$to$co%1i%c,$(s$a4o(t$t.is 4,ca(s,$',$6a#$t.,%$4,$+,-s(a2,2$to$1ot, 3o-$o%,$o-$ot.,-$o3$t.,6=$(%2,-$t., i6+-,ssio%$t.at$4# c.oosi%?$4,t',,%$t.,6$', a-,$6a@i%?$a$2i33,-,%c,$to t.is$social$s#st,6;$\ot,$3ot.is$+a-t#$a%2$o(-$3(t(-,$is s,c(-,q$1ot,$3o-$t.,$ot.,+a-t#$a%2$',$+(t ,1,-#t.i%?$at$-is@;$K,-,= 3o-$,Ba6+l,=$is$],il gi%%oc@$i%$QYUVO l:1,-#$,l,ctio%$is$a$ti6,$o3 2,cisio%;$"(t$t.is$9,%,-al$:l,ctio%$m$3ac,s t.,$"-itis.$+,o+l,$'it.$c.oic,s$6o-,$s.a-+ t.a%$at$a%#$ti6,$i%$t.,$+ast$3i3t#$#,a-sl; <o$'.ic.$t.,$l"-itis.$+,o+l,l$s.a-+l# -,s+o%2,2$4#$,6+.aticall#$-,>,cti%? gi%%oc@$a%2$.is$+a-t#; K,-,$is$eo.%$_a>o-$i%$QYYVO l"-itis.$+,o+l,$%o'$.a1,$t.,

o++o-t(%it#$o3$a$+-os+,-o(s$3(t(-,;$"(t$t.at +-os+,-it#$ca%%ot$4,$ta@,%$3o-$?-a%t,2m$C3 ',$-,laB$3o-$o%,$6o6,%t=$o(-$.a-2$'o% s(cc,ss$'ill$sli+$a'a#$a?ai%l; "#$l-,laBi%?l$_a>o-$6,a%t$1oti%?$3ot.,$Ra4o(-$Ga-t#=$'.ic.$'as$'.at$t., l"-itis.$+,o+l,l$2i2=$,%s(-i%?$t.at$_a>o.i6s,l3$sli++,2$a'a# i%to$',llA6,-it,2 o4sc(-it#; fi%all#=$.,-,$is "lai-$i%$!TTQO l<.is ?,%,-al$,l,ctio%$is$i% 6a%#$'a#s$,1,% 6o-,$i6+o-ta%t$t.a% t.,$lastm]o'$is$t.,$c.a%c,$to$4(il2$t., 3(t(-,$+-o+,-l#ml "lai-$2i2$%ot$sa#$'.#=$a3t,-$3o(-$#,a-s o3$Ra4o(-$?o1,-%6,%t=$t.,$3(t(-,$.a2$still %ot$4,,%$4(ilt$l+-o+,-l#l$4(t$.,$o41io(sl# 2i2$%ot$%,,2$to$,la4o-at,$i%$t.at$'a# 4,ca(s,$t.,$,l,cto-at,$-,t(-%,2$.is$+a-t#$to +o',-$4#$a$.,3t#$6a-?i%;$So$.o'$a-,$t.i%?s %o'=$a3t,-$t.,$t.-,ats$a%2$t.,$+-o6is,sH E.,t.,-$i%$?-atit(2,$o-$3,a-=$t.,$'o-@,-s

Hur 1and;dat+0<

In Pauxhall nearly half of all workers are employed in administering business as compared with only a quarter in social services and looking after ourselves (derived from =001 Census). It seems we're so busy taking care of business that we don't have time to take care of ourselves. Because of this we have endless problems of poverty, poor services and all the issues politicians love to spend time telling you they can solve, if only given the chance. We don't believe any politician can solve these problems, as long as the flawed basis of our society remains intact. In fact, we believe only you and your fellow workers can solve these problems. We believe that it will take a revolution in how we organise our lives, a fundamental change. We want to see a society based on the fact that you know how to run your lives, know your needs and have the skills and capacity to organise with your fellows to satisfy them. You know yourselves and your lives better than a handful of bosses ever can. With democratic control of production we can ensure that looking after our communities becomes a priority, rather than something we do in our spare time. We all share fundamental needs, for food, clothing, housing and culture, and we have the capacity to ensure access to these for all, without exception.

()*+ 7.tt., 2;n+ ;< t*at ;/ t*+r+ ;< n. :r./;t t*+r+ ;< n. +,:2.y,+ntA

!an;/+<t. As is our usual policy, we are

standing one token candidate in the general election, in the Pauxhall constituency in South London, to challenge all the pro-capitalist parties and ensure that the voice of socialism is not entirely lost amidst the recriminations of the professional politicians about how to run capitalism. The Socialist Party is contesting this election as a part of our campaign to establish a new system of society: one based on the common ownership and democratic control of the means and instruments for producing and distributing wealth by and in the interest of the whole community. That is our sole object. By common ownership we don't mean that everyone should have to share a toothbrush, but that in a society built upon our mutual effort, we should all benefit and have a say in how it is run. We currently live in a system of society based on a tiny number of people owning the productive wealth of our world, organised and run by a handful of bosses for their benefit. Their profits come first, our needs come second. QT

'ill$1ot,$3o-$ca+italis6$a?ai%$'it.$t., o%l#$(%c,-tai%t#$t.,$+att,-%$o3$t.,i1oti%?;

K2a;r and T.9ard

D%,$3acto-$'.ic.$is$li@,l#$to a33,ct$t.at$+att,-%$is$t.,$2,1,lo+i%? a'a-,%,ss$t.at$t.,-,$is$%o$si?%i3ica%t 2i33,-,%c,$4,t',,%$t.,$Ra4o(-$Ga-t# a%2$t.,$<o-i,s;$",ca(s,$o3$t.is=$soli2 Ra4o(-$s(++o-t,-s$'.o$.,l+,2$,l,ct$"lai-$i% QYYV$a%2$!TTQ$%o'$3,,l$t.,6s,l1,s 2is3-a%c.is,2;$F%ot.,-$3acto-$is$t.at=$li@,$so 6a%#$o3$.is$+-,2,c,sso-s=$"lai-$.as$4,,% ,B+os,2$as$a$t-ic@st,-$a%2$a$lia-=$so$t.at$., is$%o$lo%?,-$t.,$,as,3(l$1ot,$.a-1,st,-$., o%c,$'as;$$$ D%$t.,$ot.,-$si2,=$_ic.a,l$Ko'a-2$is loo@i%?$6o-,$a%2$6o-,$li@,$a$6a%$'.o$is 2,s+,-at,l#$t-#i%?$to$t.-o'$o33$.is$+astq$3o,Ba6+l,$',a-i%?$.is$c(sto6a-#$oil#$s6i-@ .,$(-?,2$(s$o%$<\$to$lR,t$t.,$s(%s.i%, 4-,a@$t.-o(?.$t.,$clo(2s$o3$2isa++oi%t6,%t ',$all$3,,ll;$<.,$+-o4l,6$3o-$Ko'a-2$is$t.at .is$ti6,$as$a$<o-#$6i%ist,-$is$%ot -,6,64,-,2$3o-$4,i%?$at$all$s(%%#;$Fs Ko6,$S,c-,ta-#$.,$'as$i%$t.,$.a4it$o3$(si%? .is$ti6,$at$t.,$-ost-(6$i%$<o-#$co%3,-,%c,s to$,Bcit,$t.,$(?li,st$o3$+-,>(2ic,s$A$a%2$%ot >(st$a4o(t$c-i6,;$C%$t.is$,l,ctio%=$as$<o-# l,a2,-$.,$.as$t-i,2$to$,B+loit$-acist$%,(-os,s a4o(t$i66i?-atio%$4#$+-o6isi%?$to$,sta4lis. a$"o-2,-$No%t-ol$Golic,=$3o-?,tti%?$t.,$ti6, i%$t.,$QYYTs$'.,%=$acco-2i%?$to$t.,$G(4lic a%2$No66,-cial$S,-1ic,s$`%io%=$.,

If you agree with this aim, then we ask you to get in touch with us, get involved and join in our campaign to bring about this change in society. Together, we have the capacity to run our world for ourselves. We need to build a movement to effect that change, by organising deliberately to take control of the political offices which rule our lives, and bring them into our collective democratic control. Our candidate makes no promises, offers no pat solutions, only to be the means by which you can remake society for the common good. Oanny Qa,7+rt )*+ S.8;a2;<t Earty 1and;dat+ The campaign office is our 6ead Cffice at T2 Clapham 6igh StreetJ SWV WUN. This <ill be open every day and evening during the election period. SoJ if you <ant to help call in Zthe nearest tube station is Clapham North[ or phone \2\W ?22 ]^11 or email spgb_<orldsocialism.org If you don't live in `auPhall and <ant to sho< that you reaect the policies of the profit system and understand and <ant the real socialist alternativeJ the <ay to do so is to <rite bSH1PCQPS!b across your ballot paper. The Socialist Party is also standing a candidate in the ceneside <ard in the curham County Council elections also being held on T May. cetails and offers of help to0 Steve ColbornJ V? Ivy AvenueJ SeahamJ SNW ^N=.

Socialist !tandard Ma( *++,

)*+ +8.n.,y

act(all#$.a6+,-,2$i66i?-atio%$co%t-ols$4# sla++i%?$o%$a$-,c-(it6,%t$3-,,k,;$Ko'a-2 .as$tol2$a$.,a-tA'-,%c.i%?$sto-#$a4o(t$.is 6ot.,-Ai%Ala'$2#i%?$o3$a%$i%3,ctio%$s., +ic@,2$(+$as$a$.os+ital$+ati,%t$4(t$2(-i%? t.,$last$No%s,-1ati1,$?o1,-%6,%ts$all 'as$%ot$',ll$'it.$.os+itals$3o-$t.,-, 'as$a$s.o-ta?,$o3$%(-s,s$a%2$2octo-s a%2$'aiti%?$lists$A$3o-$a%#o%,$(%a4l, to$a33o-2$a%#t.i%?$4,tt,-$A$',-,$a +-o4l,6$t.,%$as$t.,#$a-,$%o'; Sc.ools$also$s(33,-,2=$4,i%?$c(t$4ac@ o%$t.,i-$t,ac.,-s=$4oo@s$a%2$ot.,,J(i+6,%t;$<.,$last$<o-# ?o1,-%6,%t=$(%2,-$eo.%$_a>o-= 2,sc,%2,2$i%to$s(c.$c.aos t.at$'.,%$t.,#$',-,$2,3,at,2 i%$QYYV$it$'as$al6ost a%$act$o3$6,-c#$4#$t., 1ot,-s;

Ko',1,-$t.os,$'.o$1ot,2$i%$t., "lai-$?o1,-%6,%ts$.a1,$%o$6o-,$ca(s, 3o-$satis3actio%;$<.,-,$.a1,$4,,% Ra4o(-$Ko6,$S,c-,ta-i,s$'.o$.a1, ,Bc,,2,2$Ko'a-2$i%$t.,i-$+(%iti1, -,s+o%s,$to$t.os,$c-i6,s$'.ic. ca+italis6$+lac,s$o(tsi2,$t.,$la';$F s(cc,ssio%$o3$N-i6i%al$e(stic,$Fcts$.as ti?.t,%,2$t.,$sc-,'$o%$o33,%2,-s$'.il, %o(-is.i%?$t.,$a64itio%$o3$t.os,$Ko6, S,c-,ta-i,s$to$4,co6,$+a-t#$l,a2,-; ^,t,%tio%$A$i6+-iso%6,%t$A$'it.o(t t-ial=$o-$,1,%$4,i%?$tol2$t.,$-,aso%s$3o4,i%?$i%$+-iso%=$.as$4,co6,$,sta4lis.,2; "lai-8s$so(%2$4it,$a4o(t$4,i%?$to(?.$o% c-i6,$a%2$o%$t.,$ca(s,s$o3$c-i6,$.as$4,,% 2isc-,2it,2$as$t.,$ca(s,s$o3$c-i6,$A$+o1,-t#= st-,ss=$ali,%atio%=$social$2isa4ilit#$A$-,6ai%;$ "lai-8s$clai6s$t.at$(%2,-$.is ?o1,-%6,%t$t.,$"-itis.$,co%o6#$.as$4,,% i%$co%t-oll,2$.,alt.$.a1,$4,,%$,B+os,2 4#$t.,$colla+s,$o3$t.,$Po1,-$caco6+a%#;$<.,$co6+a%#$'as$losi%? 6illio%s$o3$+o(%2s$a%2$ca-s$a-,$%ot 6a%(3act(-,2$i%$o-2,-$to$+-o1i2,$t., 'o-@,-s$'it.$a$'a?,$sta4l,$,%o(?.$3ot.,6$to$6a@,$ass(6+tio%s$a4o(t t.,i-$3(t(-,;$<.,$4otto6$li%,$A to$(s,$a%$i--itati%?=$alt.o(?. a++osit,=$+.-as,$A$is$t.at$i3 t.,-,$is$%o$+-o3it$t.,-,$is$%o ,6+lo#6,%t=$,1,%$i3$t.at 6,a%$t.o(sa%2s$o3$'o-@,-s 4,i%?$t-a%s3,--,2$3-o6$a$>(st

)*+ Er./;t Sy<t+, \,-#$3,'$+,o+l,$'o(l2$2,%# t.at$t.,$+-,s,%t$stat,$o3$t., 'o-l2$l,a1,s$a$lot$to$4,$2,si-,2; K(6a%it#$sta??,-s$3-o6$o%, c-isis$to$t.,$%,Bt$A$3-o6$'a-$to$3a6i%,$to sl(6+s$to$-,+-,ssio%$;$;$; Na+italis6$.as$2,1,lo+,2$a$.(?, +-o2(cti1,$ca+a4ilit#$4(t$its$social o-?a%isatio%$a%2$-,latio%s.i+s$ca(s, ,Bt-,6,l#$s,-io(s$+-o4l,6s$a%2$-,%2,-$it i%ca+a4l,$o3$6,,ti%?$t.,$4asic$%,,2s$o3 its$+,o+l,; F$1ast$a6o(%t$o3$t.,$'o-l28s -,so(-c,s$is$,B+,%2,2$i%$t.,$+-o2(ctio% o3$',a+o%s$o3$'a-=$3-o6$4(ll,ts$a%2 4a#o%,ts$to$%(cl,a-$a%2$c.,6ical ',a+o%s;$Flo%?si2,$t.,s,$',a+o%s$a-, t.,$a-6,2$3o-c,s$'.ic.$,1,-#$stat, o-?a%is,s=$clot.,s=$3,,2s=$t-ai%s$a%2 2,+lo#s;$<.is$is$a$6assi1,$'ast,$o3 .(6a%$,33o-tq$it$is$all$i%t,%2,2$to$4, 2,st-(cti1,$a%2$%o%,$o3$it$to$c-,at, a%#t.i%?$(s,3(l$to$.(6a%$4,i%?s; C%$a$'o-l2$'.ic.$co(l2$+-o2(c, 6o-,$t.a%$,%o(?.$to$3,,2$a%2$ca-,$3oits$+o+(latio%$6illio%s$a-,$.o6,l,ss$a%2 t,%s$o3$6illio%s$2i,$,ac.$#,a-$4,ca(s, t.,#$2o%8t$.a1,$,%o(?.$to$,at$o-$3o-$lac@ o3$+-o+,-$6,2ical$t-,at6,%t;$]o%,$o3$t.is is$%,c,ssa-#;$Ct$.a++,%s$'.il,$3a-6,-s$i% :(-o+,$a%2$]o-t.$F6,-ica$a-,$4,i%?$+ai2 to$ta@,$la%2$o(t$o3$c(lti1atio%q$3-o6$ti6, to$ti6,$,1,%$3oo2$t.at$.as$4,,%$+-o2(c,2 is$2,st-o#,2$o-$allo',2$to$-ot;$<.is$6a@,s s,%s,$to$t.,$+-o3it$6oti1,q$i%$t,-6s$o3

Socialist !tandard Ma( *++,ovember *++2

.(6a%$i%t,-,sts$it$is$'il2l#$i%sa%,; <.,$,%1i-o%6,%t$is$i%c-,asi%?l# (%2,-$t.-,at$3-o6$+oll(tio%$a%2$3-o6$t., 2,st-(ctio%$o3$so6,$o3$its$%at(-al= ,colo?icall#$1ital$3,at(-,s;$E, .,a-$',llAi%3o-6,2 'a-%i%?s$o3$a% (lti6at, i6+,%2i%?

2isast,(%l,ss$',$act$to ,-a2icat,$t., +-o4l,6$4(t$t.,s, 'a-%i%?s$a-, al'a#s$6,t$'it.$t.,$o4>,ctio%$t.at$to$sa1,

tol,-a4l,$l,1,l$o3$+o1,-t#$to$o%,$o3$a4>,ct 2,?-a2atio%;$<.at$is$t.,$4asis$o%$'.ic. ca+italis6$o-?a%is,s$its$',alt.$+-o2(ctio% a%2$%o$?o1,-%6,%t$ca%$a33,ct$it;

C2t+rnat;D+

"lai-8s$+o+(la-it#$.as$4,,%$s,-io(sl# ,-o2,2$4#$t.,$,B+os(-,$o3$.is$li,s$o1,-$t., ca(s,s$o3$t.,$'a-$i%$C-aJ;$"(t$t.is$'as$4# %o$6,a%s$t.,$o%l#$,Ba6+l,$o3$a$+oliticia% l#i%?$4,ca(s,$%o%,$o3$t.,6$co(l2$-,a2il# a26it$to$t.,i-$i6+ot,%c,$to$co%t-ol$t., ,1,%ts$o3$ca+italis6;$fo-$t.,6$t.,$o%l#$'a# o(t$is$t.-o(?.$2,c,+tio%=$at$ti6,s$to$t., ,Bt,%t$t.at$t.,#$4,?i%$to$4,li,1,$t.,i-$o'% li,s$A$as=$it$is$-(6o(-,2=$is$t.,$cas,$'it. "lai-;$E.at$t.is$a6o(%ts$to$is$t.at$t.,-,$is$a 4asic$(%it#$a6o%?$t.,$+a-ti,s$'.ic.$sta%2 3o-$t.,$co%ti%(a%c,$o3$ca+italis6=$'.ic.$ca% o%l#$4,$soli2i3i,2$4#$,1,-#$1ot,$3o-$t.os, +a-ti,s;$"(t$t.,-,$is$%o$%,,2$to$'ast,$t., 1ot,$i%$t.at$'a#$3o-$',$.a1,$t.,$6,a%s$o3 4asicall#$c.a%?i%?$soci,t#$so$as$to$,li6i%at, t.,$+-o4l,6s$'.ic.$%o'$2is3i?(-,$it;$<., Socialist$Ga-t#$is$sta%2i%?$alo%,$as$a$+a-t# '.ic.$ai6s$at$t.,$ca+t(-,$o3$+olitical$+o',4#$t.,$'o-@i%?$class=$to$a4olis.$ca+italis6 a%2$-,+lac,$it$'it.$a$soci,t#$4as,2$o% co66o%$o'%,-s.i+$o3$',alt.$+-o2(ctio% a%2$2ist-i4(tio%$a%2$6a@i%?$t.at$',alt. 3-,,l#$a1aila4l,$to$,1,-#o%,;$<.at$is Socialis6$A$t.,$o%l#$alt,-%ati1,$to ca+italis6$a%2$its$+olitical$+a-ti,s;$ IQ&'

t.,$,%1i-o%6,%t$ca%$4,$a$costl#=$+-o3itA 2a6a?i%?$4(si%,ss;$L,t$it$is$%ot$%,c,ssa-# 3o-$i%2(st-#$a%2$a?-ic(lt(-,$to$+o(-$o(t %oBio(s$,33l(,%ts$i%to$t.,$ai-=$t.,$,a-t.= t.,$-i1,-s$a%2$t.,$s,as;$<.,#$2o$t.is$to2a# 4,ca(s,$+oll(tio%$is$s,,%$as$4,i%? c.,a+,-=$'.ic.$6,a%s$6o-,$+-o3itA 3-i,%2l#$a%2$to$a$soci,t#$'.,-, +-o3it$is$t.,$2o6i%a%t$6oti1,$3o+-o2(ctio%$t.at$is$>(sti3icatio% ,%o(?.$to$o1,--i2,$.(6a% ',l3a-,; <.,s,$a-,$a$3,' ,Ba6+l,s$o3$.o' ca+italis6$'o-@s$a?ai%st t.,$i%t,-,sts$o3$t., 'o-l28s$+,o+l,;$C% co%t-ast=$as$t.,$a-ticl,s$i% t.is$iss(,$,B+lai%=$socialis6 'ill$.a1,$3(%2a6,%tall# 2i33,-,%t$social -,latio%s.i+s=$6oti1,s$3o+-o2(ctio%$a%2$co%c,+ts a4o(t$t.,$i%t,-,sts$a%2$s,c(-it# o3$.(6a%$4,i%?s; Fll$t.,$+-o?-a66,s$at +-,s,%t$4,i%?$a21a%c,2$4#$t., +-o3,ssio%al$+oliticia%s$3o-$2,ali%? 'it.$t.,$+-o4l,6s$o3$ca+italis6 t.-o(?.$-,3o-6s$6(st$3ail$4,ca(s,$o3 t.,i-$,ss,%tiall#$+i,c,6,al$a++-oac.; <.,#$att,6+t$to$t-,at$s#6+to6s$i%st,a2$o3 ?oi%?$3o-$t.,$4asic$ca(s,;$<.at$is$'.#= a3t,-$a$c,%t(-#$o-$6o-,$o3$-,3o-6is6$t., +-o4l,6s$t.,$-,3o-6ists$clai6$to$2,al 'it.$a-,$still$.,-,;$F$3a-$6o-,$-a2ical= 3(%2a6,%tal$c.a%?,$is$%,,2,2$to$c-,at, t.,$3-a6,'o-@$'it.i%$'.ic.$t.,#$ca%$4, sol1,2;" QQ

Bilfred -Men V Mar poetW icon < < <XisionaryY

As one of the most popular and widely-read poets of World War One, Wilfred Owenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s legacy is a body of work deeply critical of war and its effects. But what was his attitude to the ultimate causes of war? <.at$t(-4(l,%t$2,ca2,=$t., QYWTs=$'it.$its$lG,ac, _o1,6,%tl$A$N]^= Fl2,-6asto%$_a-c.,s=$a%tiA \i,t%a6$+-ot,sts$a%2$all$t.at$A$'it%,ss,2 also$t.,$-,2isco1,-#$o3$t.,$'o-@s$o3$Eo-l2 Ea-$C$+o,t$Eil3-,2$D',%$a%2$.is$+o+(la,l,1atio%$to$so6,t.i%?$o3$a$l6o-al ,B,6+la-l$a%2$l1oic,$3o-$.is$?,%,-atio%lq a$+-oc,ss$3(-t.,-$,%.a%c,2$4#$co6+os,",%>a6i%$"-itt,%8s$i%cl(sio%$o3$s,1,-al$o3 .is$+o,6s$i%$t.,$o+,-a$Aa+ B%C2$%m;$F '.ol,$,cl,ctic$-a%?,$o3$?-o(+i%?s$.a1,= o3t,%$o%$t.,$3li6si,st$o3$+-,t,Bts=$clai6,2 .i6$as$t.,i-$o'%q$3-o6$+aci3ists=$3,6i%ists= N.-istia%s$to$soAcall,2$socialists=$a%2 '.ilst$+oliticall#$.,$2i2$lt,%2$to$ta@,$t., li4,-al$si2,$o3$t.,$J(,stio%l=$.,$'as$%o +aci3ist$a%2$c,-tai%l#$%o$socialist=$lsoA call,2l$o-$ot.,-'is,; D',%$'as$o%,$o3$a$cl(st,-$o3$+o,ts$A Sassoo%=$9-a1,s=$"-oo@,$a%2$ot.,-s$A$'.o ,%2,a1o(-,2$to$1i,'$'a-$3-o6$t., +,-s+,cti1,$o3$t.,$co66o%$sol2i,-= +o-t-a#i%?$it$i%$all$its$sta-@$i%?lo-io(s .o--o-q$a$?,%-,$6il,s$b',ll=$,asil#$.al3$a l,a?(,c$a'a#$3-o6$t.,$t-i(6+.al +-o+a?a%2ist$o(t+o(-i%?s$o3$lat,A \icto-ia%s$F-%ol2=$],'4olt$a%2$<,%%#so%; E.ilst$t.,#=$3-o6$2ista%t$2-a'i%?A-oo6 sa3,t#=$co(l2$%a--at,$?lo'i%?$sa?as$o3 .,-oic$c.a-?,s=$3a6o(s$1icto-i,s$a%2 sa4-,s$clas.i%?=$D',%8s$+o,tic$ta+,st-# 'as$a%$alto?,t.,-$6o-,$-,alistic$o%,=

i%t,-'o1,%$a%2$s+att,-,2$'it.$i6a?,s$o3 ca-%a?,$a%2$s(33,-i%?;$C%3a%t-#6,%$ls.i1,a%2$c-i%?,$i%$.ol,sl=$lc(-s,$t.-o(?. sl(2?,l=$l4l,,2$a%2$s+,'l=$los,$li64s= ,#,si?.t=$sa%it#;$<.,$ai-$-,so(%2s$to$lt., 6o%st-o(s$a%?,-$o3$?(%sl=$t.,$'aili%?s$o3 ls.,ll$o%$3-a%tic$s.,lll=$lst(tt,-i%?$-i3l, 3i-,l$a%2$lsti%@s$so(-l$o3$6(2=$o3$6,%$A$o3 co-+s,s; Ct$is$+,-.a+s$%ot$'i2,l#$@%o'%$t.at D',%$s+,%t$littl,$act(al$ti6,$o%$t.,$f-o%t

(H9+n 8.u2d .n2y <++ t*+ 4ar0< <.2ut;.n ;n t+r,< 7.t* a7<tra8t and ;,:ra8t;8a72+F ;/ n.t d.9nr;@*t <;22yA Ri%,$A$a$6,-,$MT$2a#s$4,t',,%$ea%(a-# a%2$F+-il$QYQV=$3-o6$'.ic.$+,-io2$6ost o3$.is$+o,6s$,6a%at,=$3ollo',2$4#$a 3(-t.,-$6o%t.$t.-o(?.$Dcto4,-$i%to ]o1,64,-$QYQU;$_o-,o1,-=$alt.o(?.$., 2i2$s(33,-$all$t.,$t-i4(latio%s$o3$co64at a%2$2i2$i%2,,2$+a#$t.,$(lti6at,$+-ic,=$., 'as$s+a-,2$t.,$6o%t.$o%$6o%t.=$#,a-$o% #,a-$',t=$3-,,ki%?=$1,-6i%o(s$co%2itio%s a%2$t.,$+-olo%?,2$t,2i(6=$i%ti6i2atio% a%2$?%a'i%?$(%c,-tai%t#$,%2(-,2$4#$so 6a%#;$E.ilst$.,$co(l2$'it.$,1,-# >(sti3icatio%$'-it,=$l<.os,$ST$.o(-s$',-,

t.,$a?o%#$o3$6#$.a++#$li3,l$a%2=$l<.os, last$X$2a#s$C81,$s(33,-,2$S,1,%t.$K,lll=$.is o1,-all$'a-$$$$$$$$$$ ,B+,-i,%c,$'as$4#$%o$6,a%s$t#+ical; <.,$so%$o3$a$6i%o-$-ail'a#$o33icial= D',%$'as$4o-%$i%$Ds',st-#=$S.-o+s.i-,$i% QUYM$a%2$i3$6o%,#$'as$s(33ici,%tl#$ti?.t$to +-,cl(2,$(%i1,-sit#$,2(catio%=$.is (+4-i%?i%?$'as$%ot$a$2,+-i1,2$o%,; ^is+la#i%?$so6,$s6all$aca2,6ic$tal,%t= D',%$+(-s(,2$ca-,,-s$i%itiall#$as$+(+ilA t,ac.,-$t.,%$+a-is.$assista%t;$Fl-,a2#= i%s+i-,2$4#$g,ats=$.,$'as$2a44li%?$i% 1,-s,; <.,$o(t4-,a@$o3$Eo-l2$Ea-$Q$3o(%2 .i6$,@i%?$o(t$a%$,Bist,%c,$as$a%$:%?lis. t(to-$i%$"o-2,a(B=$f-a%c,$'.,%c,$., 2is+la#,2$%ot$t.,$sli?.t,st$i%cli%atio%$to la%s',-$.is$No(%t-#8s$calll;$:1,%t(all# .o',1,-=$3,,li%?$lt-aito-o(sl#$i2l,l$a%2 ?al1a%is,2$4#$t.,$1i,'s$o3$.is$f-,%c. lit,-a-#$6,%to-=$Ra(-,%t$<ail.a2,=$., c-oss,2$t.,$N.a%%,l$i%$Dcto4,-$QYQS$a%2 ,%list,2$as$a$+-i1at,$i%$t.,$F-tists8$Pi3l,s= lto$2,3,%2$.is$la%?(a?,$a%2$c(lt(-,l; <.,-,a3t,-=$t.-o(?.$s.,,-$?-a3t=$lRittl, D',%l=$a$3-ail$2i6i%(ti1,$3i?(-,$a%2 l+,-c,+ti1,l#$+-o1i%ciall=$s,c(-,2$a co66issio%$as$S,co%2$Ri,(t,%a%t$i%$t., _a%c.,st,-$P,?i6,%t$a%2$i%$ea%(a-#$QYQV a--i1,2$i%$t.,$t-,%c.,s$lto$3i?.t$f-itk '.o6=l$.,$i%sist,2=$l.,$2i2$%ot$.at,l; <.,%$,%s(,2$i%t,-6itt,%t$+,-io2s$o3 3,-ocio(s$actio%$(%til$i%$F+-il=$al-,a2# Socialist !tandard Ma( *++,,

t-a(6atis,2$4#$a$-,c,%t$?assi%?$i%ci2,%t lat,-$3,at(-,2$i%$1,-s,=$D',%$'as$4lo'% (+=$-,%2,-,2$t,6+o-a-il#$(%co%scio(s$a%2 s(4s,J(,%tl#$2ia?%os,2$as$s(33,-i%?$3-o6 ls.,lls.oc@l; "#$QYQV=$a$6o-,$sci,%ti3ic$attit(2, .a2$4,,%$a2o+t,2$to'a-2s$t.is +.,%o6,%o%;$<.,$So66,$o33,%si1,$t., +-,1io(s$#,a-$.a2$$#i,l2,2$MT=TTT$s(c. cas,s$a%2$as$t.,#$cl,a-l#$co(l2%8t$all$4, l2,?,%,-at,sl$o-$lco'a-2sl=$a$%,'$t,-6= l],(-ast.,%ial=$.a2$co6,$i%to$1o?(,;$<., i6+o-ta%c,$o3$i66,2iat,$t.,-a+#$4,i%? -,co?%is,2=$t.is$'as$+-o1i2,2$i%$%,a-4# 3i,l2$.os+italsq$%ot$it$s.o(l2$4,$%ot,2= 3-o6$a%#$.(6a%ita-ia%$co%si2,-atio%s=$4(t sol,l#$to$,%a4l,$t.,$l,ss$s,-io(s$cas,s= a-o(%2$t'o$t.i-2s$o1,-all=$to$4,$s+,,2il# lc(-,2l$a%2$-,t(-%,2$to$t.,$t-,%c.,s$3oa%ot.,-$2os,$o3$t.,$sa6,; D',%=$as$a$6o-,$s,1,-,$cas,=$'as i%1ali2,2$.o6,=$.os+italis,2$i%$:2i%4(-?. a%2$s,t$a4o(t$c-,ati%?$t.,$+o,6s$t.at 'o(l2$,1,%t(all#$s,c(-,$.is$-,+(tatio%;$C% D258% %- D%8o+2m !s-=$a%$i-o%ic$co66,%t o%$t.,$3a6o(s$li%,$4#$t.,$Rati%$+o,t Ko-ac,=$t.at$it$is$l+l,asa%t$a%2$.o%o(-a4l, to$2i,$3o-$o%,8s$co(%t-#l=$D',%$-,co(%t,2 t.,$+li?.t$o3$a%$(%6as@,2$<o66#$ca(?.t i%$a$6(sta-2$?as$attac@=$co%cl(2i%?O si?.t

lC%$all$6#$2-,a6s$4,3o-,$6#$.,l+l,ss

K,$+l(%?,s$at$6,$?(tt,-i%?=$c.o@i%?= 2-o'%i%?; C3$i%$so6,$s6ot.,-i%?$2-,a6$#o($too co(l2$+ac, ",.i%2$t.,$'a?o%$t.at$',$3l(%?$.i6 i%= F%2$'atc.$t.,$'.it,$,#,s$'-it.i%?$i% .is$3ac,= Kis$.a%?i%?$3ac,$li@,$a$2,1il8s$sic@$o3 si%q C3$#o($co(l2$.,a-=$at$,1,-#$>olt=$t., 4loo2 No6,$?a-?li%?$3-o6$t.,$3-ot.A co--(+t,2$l(%?s= "itt,-$as$t.,$c(2 D3$1il,=$i%c(-a4l,$so-,s$o%$i%%oc,%t to%?(,s= _#$3-i,%2$#o($'o(l2$%ot$t,ll$'it. s(c.$k,st <o$c.il2-,%$a-2,%t$3o-$so6,$2,s+,-at, ?lo-#= <.,$ol2$Ri,O$^(lc,$,t$^,co-(6$,st G-o$+at-ia$6o-i;l$ <.,$lol2$Ri,lH$^(-i%?$.is$+-olo%?,2 co%1al,sc,%c,=$D',%$,%co(%t,-,2$1a-io(s 1i,'+oi%ts=$2iss,%ti%?$a%2$ot.,-'is,=$o% t.,$co%2(ct$o3$t.,$Ea-$4(t$t.,-,$is$%o ,1i2,%c,$t.at$.,$,1,-$2,1,lo+,2$a%# (%2,-sta%2i%?$o3$t.,$(%2,-l#i%?$-,aso%s 3o-$its$.a1i%?$4,,%$'a?,2$i%$t.,$3i-st +lac,;$],1,-t.,l,ss=$.o',1,i%a21,-t,%tl#=$D',%$.as=$as$it$',-,= lla%2,2$a$2i-,ct$.itl;$Ct$2o,s$-,J(i-,$a$li,q$a 1,-ita4l,$+ac@$o3$t.,6$i%$3act=$to$+,-s(a2, t.,$a-tisa%s=$t.,$3a-6.a%2s=$t.,$cl,-@s$i% o%,$co(%t-#$t.at$t.,i-$o'%$4,st$i%t,-,sts a-,$s(22,%l#$a%2$6#st,-io(sl#$at$1a-ia%c, 'it.$t.os,$o3$t.,i-$2i-,ct$co(%t,-+a-ts$i% a%ot.,-$a%2$to$s+o%ta%,o(sl#$J(it$t.,i-,s+,cti1,$'o-@+lac,s=$2ol,AJ(,(,s=$s,6is a%2$sl(6s$to$+a-tici+at,$i%$t.,$act$o3 6(t(al$sla(?.t,-$t.at$is$'a-;$Fl'a#s l3-,,2o6l=$l2,6oc-ac#l=$l'a#s$o3$li3,l= l%atio%al$+-i2,l$a-,$at$sta@,$a%2= Socialist !tandard Ma( *++,

-,6a-@a4l#=$l9o2l$is$,1,-$o%$t.,i-$si2,; S+,ci3ic$to$t.,$QYQX$a33ai-=$9,-6a% l6ilita-is6l$.a2$to$4,$-,4(33,2$a%2 l+l(c@#$littl,$",l?i(6l$s(++o-t,2; <.,$t-(t.$is$2,ci2,2l#$l,ss$,Botic; Ea-s$a-,$al'a#s$a%2$o%l#$'a?,2$3o,%ti-,l#$co66,-cial$-,aso%s$A$acc,ss$to -a'$6at,-ials=$6a-@,ts=$t-a2,$-o(t,s$a%2 st-at,?ic$+ositio%s$3-o6$'.ic.$to$2,3,%2 t.,6$all;$C%$s.o-t=$to$co%soli2at,$,Bisti%? +-o3its$a%2$as+i-,$to$t.,$acc(6(latio%$o3 ot.,-s;$<.,$+-,s,%t$?lo4all#A2o6i%a%t ,co%o6ic$s#st,6=$ca+italis6=$3,at(-,s 'it.i%$,ac.$co(%t-#=$t.,$o'%,-s.i+$o3$t., 6,a%s$o3$',alt.$A$t.,$la%2=$3acto-i,s$,tc;$A 4#$a$ti%#$+a-asit,$6i%o-it#=$3-o6$'.ic.$it 3ollo's$t.,-,3o-,$t.at$a%#$+-o3its$'ill acc-(,$o%l#$to$t.at$6i%o-it#;$<., o1,-'.,l6i%?$%o%Ao'%i%?$6a>o-it#q$t.os, '.o$2o$t.,$3i?.ti%?$a%2$t.,$2#i%?= ,33,cti1,l#$?,t$%ot.i%?;$Eo(l2$a%#$'o-@,-= a++-is,2$o3$t.is=$-ais,$,1,%$a$+,as.oot,-$to t.,i-$li+sH$K,%c,$t.,$%,,2$3o-$t.,$lol2$li,l; 9,-6a%#$2i2$%ot$4,co6,$(%i3i,2 (%til$t.,$QUVTs=$4#$'.ic.$ti6,$t.,$4(l@$o3 t.,$'o-l28s$,B+loita4l,$-,so(-c,s$.a2$4,,% colo%is,2$4#$lo%?,-A,sta4lis.,2$%atio% stat,s$li@,$"-itai%$a%2$f-a%c,;$<o$2,1,lo+ a%2$,B+a%2=$t.,-,3o-,=$-,J(i-,2$att,6+ti%? to$l6(scl,$i%$o%$t.,$actio%l=$+-,cis,l#$i% t.,$'a#$t.at$c-i6i%al$o-?a%isatio%s$.a1, lo%?$,%?a?,2$i%$3,(2s$o1,-$4ootl,??i%?= ?a64li%?$a%2$2-(?At-a33ic@i%?$-i?.ts; Eo-l2$Ea-$C$'as$o%l#$,1,-$a$so-2i2$la-?,A scal,$t(-3$'a-$4,t',,%$-i1al$l3a6ili,sl 'it.i%$ca+italis68s$6a3ia$A$alt.o(?.$4#$t., ti6,$t.,$+oliticia%s=$t.,$6,2ia=$t.,$cl,-?# a%2$t.,$,2(catio%alists$.a2$s+(%$t.,i-$li,s= ol2$a%2$%,'=$1,-#$3,'$+,o+l,$sa'$it$as s(c.; C?%o-a%t$o3$t.,$-,al$ca(s,s$o3$t., Ea-=$D',%$co(l2$o%l#$s,,$its$sol(tio%$i% t,-6s$4ot.$a4st-act$a%2$i6+-actica4l,=$i3

Ki%2,%4,-?$Ri%,;$fo-$4-a1,-#$(%2,-$3i-, .,$'as$a'a-2,2$t.,$_ilita-#$N-oss$4(t$as t.is$+a-tic(la-$i%ci2,%t$i%1ol1,2$.i6$also si%?l,A.a%2,2l#$,Bt,-6i%ati%?$%(6,-o(s lf-itk,sl=$t.,$act(al$t,Bt$o3$.is$citatio% t,%2s$%ot$to$4,$J(ot,2$4#$t.os,$'.o$'o(l2 +o-t-a#$.i6$as$t.,$lGo,t$o3$Git#l;$K, .i6s,l3$+,-is.,2$at$St;$So(+l,t$>(st$o%, ',,@$+-io-$to$t.at$s(+-,6,$,B,-cis,$i% +-,t,%tio(s$ca%t$Al<.,$,l,1,%t.$.o(-$o3$t., ,l,1,%t.$2a#=$,tc;=$,tc;l$A$t.at$'as$t., si?%i%?$o3$t.,$F-6istic,; <.,$S,+t,64,-$QYQX$iss(,$o3$t., 1o8$a5$s- 1-a"/a+/=$o4s,-1i%?$t.,$,%ti-,l# l4(si%,ssl$%at(-,$o3$t.,$'a-$,64a-@,2 (+o%=$4ot.$,Bt,%2,2$t.,$.a%2$o3$3-i,%2s.i+ to$t.,$'o-@,-s$o3$all$co(%t-i,s$a%2 2,cla-,2$t.at$t.,-,$'as$%ot.i%?$at$sta@,$lto >(sti3#$t.,$s.,22i%?$o3$a$si%?l,$2-o+$o3 'o-@i%?$class$4loo2l;$<.is$(%iJ(,l#A +-i%ci+l,2$$sta%c,=$6ai%tai%,2$t.-o(?.o(t= is$o%,$o3$'.ic.$socialists$ca%$3,,l i66,%s,l#$+-o(2;$_o-,$i6+o-ta%tl#=$a sol(tio%=$co%c-,t,=$+-actica4l,$a%2 ,6i%,%tl#$s,%si4l,=$'as$o33,-,2;$Si%c, 'a-s$a-is,$sol,l#$3-o6$co%3licts$o3$i%t,-,st 4,t',,%$-i1al$?-o(+i%?s$o3$ca+italists=$a%2 a-,$6,-,l#$a%$,Bt,%sio%=$a$6o-,$t(-4(l,%t o-$i%t,%s,$+.as,$o3$t.is$o%?oi%?$st-(??l,= t.,%$it$3ollo's$t.at$t.,i-$,-a2icatio%$li,s 'it.$t.,$(%i1,-sal$-,+lac,6,%t$o3$+-i1at, o'%,-s.i+$'it.$co66o%$o'%,-s.i+;$C3$t., 'o-l28s$%at(-al$-,so(-c,s$a%2$6,a%s$o3 +-o2(ci%?$',alt.$',-,$t.,$+-o+,-t#$o3 K(6a%it#$at$la-?,=$'.at$+ossi4l,$-,aso% 3o-$co%3lict$'o(l2=$o-$co(l2=$-,6ai%H Eil3-,2$D',%8s$+o,tic$1oic,$'as$a% ,Bc,+tio%al$a%2$2,1,lo+i%?$o%,= +-,6at(-,l#$still,2;$E.o$@%o's$to$'.at .,i?.ts$it$6i?.t$.a1,$soa-,2H$Kis$+o,6s 2,+ict$t.,i-$s(4>,ct$6att,-$i%$'a#s$t.at$a-, o%c,$4,a(ti3(l$a%2$-,+(lsi1,$a%2$a-,=$al4,it (%i%t,%tio%all#=$a$2a6%i%?$i%2ict6,%t$o3

%ot$2o'%-i?.t$sill#;$C%$t.is$.,$'as$%ot alo%,;$So6,$.,l2$t.at$t.,$'a-$'as$a l%at(-al$t-a?,2#l$to$'.ic.$t.,$o%l# -,s+o%s,s$co(l2$4,$o3$so--o'$a%2 co6+assio%q$ot.,-s$t.at$it$-,+-,s,%t,2 6,-,l#$t.,$+,-io2ic$,-(+ti%?$o3$so6, i%%at,$.(6a%$+-,2is+ositio%$to'a-2s a??-,ssio%;$",-t-a%2$P(ss,ll$a%2$K;9; E,lls$4,li,1,2$t.,$'a-$'o(l2$l,B.a(st its,l3l=$,%a4li%?$'is,$a%2$2,1ot,2$+,o+l, bli@,$t.,6s,l1,s=$+-,s(6a4l#c=$to$st,+$i% a%2$$l-,4(il2$Soci,t#l;$D',%$.i6s,l3 co%si2,-,2$t.at$'.,%$t.,$'a-$6ac.i%,-# .a2$lc.o@,2$its,l3$to$a$.altl=$t.,%$la-tl$a%2 l4,a(t#l$co(l2$4,$2,+lo#,2$to$l.,l+ -,3-,s.$t.,$.(6a%$s+i-itl;$ Fcco-2i%?l#=$.,$.o+,2$to$a1oi2$4,i%? -,t(-%,2$to$t.,$f-o%t=$4(t$.is$.o+,s$',-, %ot$to$4,$-,alis,2;$C%$2(,$co(-s,=$.,$'as 2,,6,2$lc(-,2l$a%2$-,t(-%,2$to$f-a%c, %ic,l#$i%$ti6,$to$+a-tici+at,$i%$t.,$3i%al 2,cisi1,$attac@$o%$a%2$t.-o(?.$t.,

St. Souplet, the place of Owen8s death

classA2i1i2,2$soci,t#;$f(-t.,-6o-,=$t.,# s,-1,$as$a$2i-,$'a-%i%?$to$a%# t,stost,-o%,A3(,ll,2$#o(t.$la-2,%t$3oso6,$2,s+,-at,$?lo-#l=$t.at$t.,$%,t$-,s(lt o3$$lta@i%?$t.,$s.illi%?l$6i?.t$>(st$4,$t., s(22,%$a%2$catast-o+.ic$loss$o3$.is t,stost,-o%,A+-o2(ci%?$3ac(lti,s; Fs$6(c.=$.o',1,-=$as$.is$$+o,6s 2,s,-1,$to$4,$-,a2=$to$4,$a++-,ciat,2=$to$4, c.,-is.,2=$t.,#$2o$6,-,l#$o4s,-1,q$t.,# %,it.,-$i%1,sti?at,$%o-$sol1,;$<.is$-,J(i-,s t.,$alto?,t.,-$6o-,$+-osaic$+-oc,ss$o3 ,Ba6i%i%?$a%2$(%2,-sta%2i%?$t., (%2,-l#i%?$-,aso%s$3o-$'a-;$" &'0%*B &%FI.&L*

4*+n J.*nny 1.,+<

Marching Home C%$6a%#$6o1i,s$a3t,-$t.,$s,co%2$'o-l2 'a-$t.,-,$'as$a$sc,%,$'.,-,$t.,$local 4o#s$ca6,$.o6,$to$t.,i-$littl,$`S$to'%; <.,$4a%2$+la#,2=$.ats$',-,$t.-o'%$i% t.,$ai-$a%2$t.,$ol2$3-ost#$sc.ool$6a-86 co(l2$4,$s,,%$to$s.,2$a$s,c-,t$t,a-;$ Ct$is$a$4,a(ti3(l$3a%tas#$a%2$i3$#o( a22$\a%$eo.%so%=$:lika4,t.$<a#lo-$a%2 '.o,1,-$.a++,%s$to$4,$t.,$+-,s,%t$t,,% 2-,a6$to$t.,$sc,%,$it$co(l2$+la#$3o-$,1,to2a#;$<.,-,$is$o%l#$o%,$s%a?=$it$is$%ot t-(,;$ So6,$$o3$t.,$.o6,l,ss$+,o+l,$t.at t-#$to$4,?$6o%,#$3-o6$#o($o%$Eat,-loo "-i2?,$3o(?.t$i%$t.,$fal@la%2s;$So6, t.at$'ill$t-#$to$ta+$#o($i%$t.,$3(t(-, 3o(?.t$i%$F3?.a%ista%$o-$C-aJ; f-o6$]o-t.$F6,-ica$',$-,a2$i% t.,$Eo+o"-o F5oG% a"/ 9a$5 bQY f,4-(a-#cO$$lSi%c,$\i,t%a6=$',81, l,a-%,2$t.at$t.,-,8s$o%$a1,-a?,$a$Q!$#,a2,la#$4,t',,%$-,t(-%i%?$3-o6$'a-$a%2 4,??i%?$o%$t.,$st-,,ts=l$Ri%2a$"oo%,$o3 t.,$Eas.i%?to%A4as,2$]atio%al Noalitio%$3o-$Ko6,l,ss$\,t,-a%s$tol2 6,;$S.,$sai2$?o1,-%6,%ts$s.o(l2$sta-t ?,tti%?$-,a2#$3o-$1ast$%(64,-s$o3 4,??a-s$a%2$1a?-a%ts=$all$c-,at,2$4#$'a-; Ct$is$a$',llA@%o'%$+.,%o6,%o%=$al4,it o%,$t.at$?o1,-%6,%ts$.a1,$%,1,+-o+,-l#$ac@%o'l,2?,2O$F3t,-$a%#$'a,%2s=$t.,$%(64,-$o3$+,o+l,$li1i%?$o%$t., st-,,ts$i%c-,as,s$2-a6aticall#;8$^o,s$t.is 6,a%$t.at$t.,$:lika4,t.<a#lo-$a%2$\a% eo.%so%$c.a-ac.t,-s$,%2,2$(+$sl,,+i%? -o(?.=$s(-,l#$%otp$ f-o6$t.,$sa6,$a-ticl,$',$l,a-%$t.at li%$"-itai%=$t.,$?o1,-%6,%t$.as ,sti6at,2$t.at$a$J(a-t,-$o3$t.,$+,o+l, 8sl,,+i%?$-o(?.8$A$o%$t.,$st-,,ts$A$a-, 6ilita-#$1,t,-a%s;$C3$#o($'a%t$to$3i%2 so6,o%,$'.o$3o(?.t$i%$t.,$fal@la%2s 'a-=$#o(82$4,st$loo@$i%$t.,$t(%%,ls 4,%,at.$Eat,-loo$"-i2?,;l$ <.,$3acts$s,,6$o41io(s$to$(s$A eo.%%#=$sta#$at$.o6,$a%2$-,a2$#o(1o8$a5$s- 1-a"/a+/H" %0

Limping home: a scene from the American Civil War film 5Shenandoah8

Pc22 O. Ptd

<.is$is$t.,$L,a-$o3$t.,$Poost,-=$4(t$also t.,$L,a-$o3$t.,$\ol(%t,,-$A$#o($6a#$.a1, s,,%$t.,$<\$a2s$3o-$t.,$',4sit, ''';#,a-o3t.,1ol(%t,,-;o-?;$<.is$is$a ?o1,-%6,%tA-(%$sc.,6,=$ai6,2$at l,%co(-a?i%?$acti1,$citik,%s.i+l=$4(t$i3$', l,a1,$asi2,$t.,$?o1,-%6,%t$i%1ol1,6,%t= t.,$'.ol,$1ol(%t,,-i%?$s,tA(+$is$4ot. i%t,-,sti%?$a%2$+ositi1,$3-o6$a$socialist 1i,'+oi%t; So6,$+,o+l,$1ol(%t,,-$4,ca(s,$t.,# 4,li,1,$o-$.o+,$t.at$it$'ill$4,$(s,3(l$3ot.,i-$ca-,,-s=$4(t$t.,$1ast$6a>o-it#$2o$so 4,ca(s,$t.,#$s,,$t.,6s,l1,s$as$?,%(i%,l# co%t-i4(ti%?$to$t.,$',llA4,i%?$o3$t.,i3,llo'$.(6a%s;$\ol(%ta-#$acti1iti,s i%cl(2,$al6ost$,1,-#t.i%?$3-o6$.,l+i%? +,o+l,$to$6a@,$+.o%,$calls$o-$3ill$i% 3o-6s=$t,ac.i%?$:%?lis.$o-$t.,$(s,$o3 co6+(t,-s=$.,l+i%?$4li%2$+,o+l,$?,t$to a++oi%t6,%ts=$4,3-i,%2i%?$a%2$s(++o-ti%? t.os,$'it.$KC\=$'o-@i%?$3o-$St$eo.%8s F64(la%c, o-$t., Sa6a-ita%s= co(%s,lli%? +,o+l,$'it. all$so-ts$o3 +-o4l,6s= ,1,% 'o-@i%?$as$a S+,cial No%sta4l,; F%2$all$t.is is$2o%, (%+ai2=$i% t., 1ol(%t,,-s8 o'%$ti6,= o3t,%$i% a22itio%$to$+ai2$,6+lo#6,%t=$a%2$'it.$%o -,'a-2$ot.,-$t.a%$t.,$satis3actio%$o3 .,l+i%?;$ C%$t.,$li?.t$o3$t.is=$.o'$ca%$a%#o%, o4>,ct$to$socialis6$o%$t.,$?-o(%2s$t.at$i% a$soci,t#$o3$3-,,$acc,ss$%o4o2#$'o(l2 'is.$to$'o-@H$C3$+,o+l,8s$co%s(6+tio%$is %ot$2,+,%2,%t$o%$t.,i-$'o-@=$t.,$a-?(6,%t ?o,s=$'.#$'o(l2$so6,o%,$'a%t$to$'o-@$at allH$D%,$a%s',-=$as$',$.a1,$s,,%=$is$t.at ,1,%$(%2,-$ca+italis6$+,o+l,$'o-@ 1ol(%ta-il#=$+-o4a4l#$%ot$,1,%$-,?a-2i%? '.at$t.,#$2o$as$'o-@=$as$it$is$%ot ,6+lo#6,%t;$<.is$is$%ot$4,ca(s,$t.,#$a-, sai%ts$o-$a%?,ls$4(t$4,ca(s,$t.,#$2o$%ot 'a%t$to$s,,$ot.,-s$s(33,-i%?$o-$i% 2i33ic(lti,s;$F%2$.,l+i%?$ot.,-s$6,a%s .,l+i%?$#o(-s,l3$too;$F?,$No%c,-%$ca--i,2 o(t$a$s(-1,#$o3$,l2,-l#$1ol(%t,,-s=$'.ic. 3o(%2O l\ol(%t,,-i%?$4,%,3its$ol2,1ol(%t,,-s$i%$6a%#$'a#s=$i%cl(2i%? 6a@i%?$%,'$3-i,%2s=$?ai%i%?$s,l3 co%3i2,%c,=$losi%?$',i?.t$a%2$li1i%? .,alt.i,-$li1,s;$$ l_o-,$t.a%$.al3$bSQtc$o3$t.,$o1,WSs$'.o$too@$+a-t$i%$F?,$No%c,-%8s$-,+o-t sai2$1ol(%t,,-i%?$i6+-o1,2$t.,i-$.,alt. a%2$3it%,ss$a%2$W!t$sai2$1ol(%t,,-i%? .,l+,2$-,2(c,$st-,ssl$bf-o6$t.,$a4o1, ',4sit,c; So$t.,-,$#o($.a1,$itO$,1,%$i%$a soci,t#$o3$+-,ss(-,$a%2$ali,%atio% 1ol(%ta-#$'o-@$ca%$4,$?oo2$3o-$#o(;$e(st t.i%@$o3$t.,$+l,as(-,$o3$'o-@$i%$a$'o-l2 '.,-,$t.,-,$a-,$%o$4oss,s=$%o$2a%?,-o(s 'o-@+lac,s$a%2$%o$+-o2(ctio%$o3$(s,l,ss -(44is.;" P$

8ift9 :ears ;go )*+ B;r<t ./ !ay "Then turn, and be not alarm'd O Libertad -turn your undying face, To where the future, greater than all the past, Is swiftly, surely preparing for you." WALT WHITMAN It is sixty-five years since half a million people poured though London, "an interminable array with multitudinous banners," on the first International May Day. No celebration, no insubstantial pageant this: column upon threadbare column they came, signifying and expressing labour's strength and labour's aspirations, with an eight-hour day as their rallying call. For sixty-five years it has continued, but the columns are small now. And the eight-hour day? They have it and, so generous is life to the working class, work overtime. May Day is workers' day, the day of our class. However hollow the cries and futile the demonstrations, it remains the anniversary of protest, a continual reminder of exploitation and subjection. "Class" is the reason and the theme of May Day - class in its fullest, truest sense. The working class is not the labourers or the artisans or the machine-minders: it is all people to whom wages are life. The working class is international: so is its cause. Among the cries and chants and slogans of May Day, only one has meaning: "Workers of all countries unitej" Class consciousness was never more needed than now. Sixty-five years have seen war, dereliction, fear and disaster; today mankind is under a shadow without precedent. The working people of the world have it in their hands to end poverty, fear, hatred and war. Nationalism is not their interest but their rulers'; submission is taught, not conceived. That is where the tragedy of the May Day processions lies. The hundreds of thousands who paraded their rights in 1890 lined the streets again seven years later, still threadbare, still of one mind - to cheer and wave streamers for their nueen. To the Socialist, classconsciousness is the breaking-down of all barriers to understanding. Without it, militancy means nothing. The conflict between the classes is more than a struggle for each to gain from the other: it is the division which reaches across all others. The class-conscious working man knows where he stands in society. His interests are opposed at every point to those of the capitalist class; his cause can only be the cause of revolution for the abolishing of classes. Without that understanding, militancy can mean little. It is not mere preamble that the Socialist Party's principles open by stating the class division in capitalism: it is the allimportant basis from which the rest must follow. (Front page article by R. Coster, Socialist Standard, May 1955)

Socialist !tandard Ma( *++,,

1..?;n@ t*+ K..?< `2a

Kr;ta;n0< 7.nanea /ar,<

D%$!!$_a-c.$t., ?o1,-%6,%t$+(4lis.,2 a$list$o3$3i-6s$a%2 i%2i1i2(als$i% :%?la%2$-,c,i1i%? s(4si2i,s$(%2,-$t.,$:`8s$No66o% F?-ic(lt(-al$Golic#$i%$!TTM$a%2$!TTX;$<., 3i?(-,s$s.o',2=$sai2$-h% E$m%s b!M _a-c.c=$t.atO l<.,$4i??,st$la%2o'%,-s=$i%cl(2i%? 6,64,-s$o3$t.,$Po#al$fa6il#=$a$cl(tc.$o3 2(@,s=$a%2$a?-i3oo2$co6+a%i,s=$a-,$a4l,$to +ic@$(+$.,3t#$a6o(%ts$o3$cas.$(%2,-$t., No66o%$F?-ic(lt(-al$Golic#$bNFGcl; <.,$NFG$is$4as,2$o%$?(a-a%t,,i%? 3a-6,-s$a$?i1,%$+-ic,$3o-$t.,i-$+-o2(cts;$C3 6a-@,t$+-ic,s$3all$4,lo'$t.,$?(a-a%t,,2 +-ic,$t.,%$3a-6,-s$a-,$+ai2$a$s(4si2#$to co6+,%sat,$3o-$t.,$s.o-t3all;$<.,$ai6$'as to$,%s(-,$a%$a2,J(at,$a%2$sta4l,$i%t,-%al s(++l#$o3$3oo2$a%2$ot.,-$a?-ic(lt(-al +-o2(cts=$a%2$i%1ol1,2$l,1#i%?$ta-i33s$o% i6+o-ts;$C%$t.is$it$'as$s(cc,ss3(l=$too s(cc,ss3(l$i%$3act$as$3a-6,-s$,%2,2$(+ +-o2(ci%?$ltoo$6(c.l$so$t.at=$as$t.is 6,a%t$t.at$6a-@,t$+-ic,s$3,ll=$t.,$a6o(%t t.at$.a2$to$4,$s+,%t$o%$s(4si2i,s i%c-,as,2;$]o%Aa?-ic(lt(-al$s,ctio%s$o3$t.,

ca+italist$class$A$a%2$:`$co(%t-i,s$li@, "-itai%$'it.$a$co6+a-ati1,l#$s6all a?-ic(lt(-al$s,cto-$A$+-ot,st,2$a%2$call,2 3o-$t.,$NFG$to$4,$-,3o-6,2; D%,$st,+$i%$t.is$2i-,ctio%$'as$t., ls,tAasi2,l$sc.,6,=$i%t-o2(c,2$as$3-o6 QYYM=$(%2,-$'.ic.$3a-6,-s$a-,$+ai2$%ot$to ?-o'$3oo2;$N(tti%?$4ac@$+-o2(ctio%$s,-1,s to$4olst,-$+-ic,s=$a%2$so$t.,$+-o3its$t.at 3a-6,-s$6a@,=$-,s(lti%?$i%$a$-,2(ctio%$i% t.,$total$s(4si2#$4ill$bt.,$cost$o3$+a#i%? 3a-6,-s$%ot$to$?-o'$3oo2$4,i%?$l,ss$t.a% t.,$cost$o3$6a@i%?$(+$t.,$2i33,-,%c, 4,t',,%$t.,$6a-@,t$a%2$t.,$?(a-a%t,,2 +-ic,c; <.,$',4sit,$o3$t.,$lo44#$?-o(+$`g F?-ic(lt(-,$b''';(@a?-ic(lt(-,;co6c 2,sc-i4,s$.o'$s,tAasi2,$'o-@sO lS,tAasi2,$is$a$t,-6$3o-$la%2$t.at 3a-6,-s$a-,$%ot$allo',2$to$(s,$3o-$a%# a?-ic(lt(-al$+(-+os,;$Ct$'as$i%t-o2(c,2$4# t.,$::N$i%$QYY!$as$+a-t$o3$a$+ac@a?,$o3 -,3o-6s$o3$t.,$No66o%$F?-ic(lt(-al Golic#$to$+-,1,%t$o1,-$+-o2(ctio%$o3$3oo2 c-o+s;$Ct$a++li,s$o%l#$to$3a-6,-s$?-o'i%? c-o+s; C%$t.,$3i-st$#,a-$o3$t.,$sc.,6, 3a-6,-s$.a2$to$s,tAasi2,$a$6i%i6(6$o3 QSt$o3$t.,i-$c-o++,2$3a-6la%2$3o-$t., .a-1,st$#,a-$o3$QYYM;$"#$t.,$#,a-$!TTT$t., 3i?(-,$.a2$2-o++,2$to$QTt$o3$c-o++,2 la%2$4(t$t.,$a6o(%t$c.a%?,s$,ac.$#,aacco-2i%?$to$::N$-,J(i-,6,%ts;$ C%$QYYY$t.,-,$',-,$a++-oBi6at,l#

SST=TTT$.,cta-,s$o3$la%2$i%$s,tAasi2,;$<.is -,+-,s,%ts$a%$a-,a$o3$co(%t-#si2,$a4o(t VS@6$4#$VS@6=$t'ic,$t.,$sik,$o3$t.,$a-,a ,%clos,2$4#$t.,$_!S$a-o(%2$Ro%2o%; C%$,Bc.a%?,$3o-$%ot$+la%ti%?$c-o+s$o% s,tAasi2,$la%2$3a-6,-s$a-,$+ai2$a$s(4si2# 4#$t.,$::N$to$co(%t,-$t.,$loss$o3$i%co6, t.at$-,s(lts$3-o6$%ot$(tilisi%?$t.,$la%2$3o+-o2(cti1,$(s,;l E.at$is$o6itt,2$.,-,$is$t.at$s,tAasi2, 'as$co6+(lso-#$o%l#$3o-$t.,$la-?,-=$6o-, +-o2(cti1,$3a-6s;$So$to$t.,6$',%t$6ost$o3 t.,$s(4si2i,s$3o-$t.isq$'.ic.$'ill$.a1, co%t-i4(t,2$to$lt.,$.,3t#$a6o(%ts$o3$cas.l +ai2$to$t.,$4i?$la%2o'%,-s$a%2 a?-i4(si%,ss,s;$Eh% E$m%s calls$t.is lo4sc,%,l=$4(t$t.at8s$4,ca(s,$it$-,+-,s,%ts t.,$i%t,-,sts$o3$ot.,-$s,ctio%s$o3$t., ca+italist$class$'.o$-,s,%t$.a1i%?$to$+a# t.,$,Bt-a$taB;$D3$co(-s,$t.is$'as$2is?(is,2 as$co%c,-%$t.at$lt.,$3oo2$4ill$3o-$t., t#+ical$"-itis.$3a6il#$o3$3o(-$is$so6,$uWTT .i?.,-$+,-$#,a-$t.a%$it$'o(l2$ot.,-'is, 4,l;$G,-.a+s=$4(t$t.,$a4olitio%$o3$t.,$NFG i%$3a1o(-$o3$3-,,$t-a2,$i%$3oo2$'o(l2$%ot 6a@,$t.,$a1,-a?,$'a?,$a%2$sala-#$'o-@,4,tt,-$o33$4#$t.at$a6o(%t=$i%st,a2$'o(l2 ,B,-t$a$st-o%?$2o'%'a-2$+-,ss(-,$o%$'a?, l,1,ls; <o$socialists$'.at$is$o4sc,%,$is$t.at 3a-6,-s=$a%2$t.,$6ost$+-o2(cti1,$at$t.at= a-,$4,i%?$+ai2$%ot$to$?-o'$3oo2$i%$a$'o-l2 '.,-,$4illio%s$a-,$(%2,-%o(-is.,2=$i3$%ot sta-1i%?;

+-(I&/I+F -% H-!% F-'*H $&("

Socialist !tandard Ma( *++,

=oo> 3e?ie@s O+/+nd;n@ !.d+rn;<,\ Bran? Bur+d;_ 4*+r+ TaD+ C22 t*+ Pnt+22+8tua2< J.n+\ 1.nt;nuu,F 200U[

f-a%@$f(-,2i$ta@,s t.,$o++o-t(%it#$i% t.is$4oo@$to$-ail a?ai%st$t.,$6o2,-% 8c(lt(-al$,lit,8$a%2 t.,i-$82(64i%? 2o'%8o3$+olitical= ,2(catio%al$a%2 a-tistic$sta%2a-2s; K,$3o-c,3(ll# a-?(,s$t.at$a%$allA +,-1a2i%?$2,si-, 3o-$8i%cl(si1it#8$A l,a2i%?$to$t., 3latt,-#$o3$i%t,-,st$?-o(+s$A$.as$-,+lac,2 6o-,$.a-2A.,a2,2$co%c,+tio%s$o3$sci,%ti3ic -i?o(-=$c-itical$t.o(?.t$a%2$a4o1,$all= sta%2a-2s=$as$t.,$2-i1i%?$3o-c,$3o-$2,cisio%A 6a@,-s$i%$t.,$6o2,-%$'o-l2;$<o2a#=$., a-?(,s=$+a-tici+atio%$bo-$t.,$a++,a-a%c,$o3 itc$is$s,,%$as$t.,$@,#$iss(,=$'.il,$t.,$-ol,$o3 t.,$8i%t,ll,ct(al8=$as$a-4it,-$o3$tast,= i%2,+,%2,%t$c-itical$a%al#st$a%2$-o4(st ?,%,-ato-$o3$o-i?i%al$i2,as=$.as$4,,% co6+-o6is,2$a%2$2i6i%is.,2; <.is$is$i%t,-,sti%?$a%2$+-o1ocati1,= +a-tic(la-l#$as$f(-,2i$A$c(--,%tl#$G-o3,ssoo3$Sociolo?#$at$t.,$`%i1,-sit#$o3$g,%t$A$is 4,tt,-$@%o'%$as$t.,$l,a2i%?$t.,o-,ticia%$o3 t.,$<-ots@#ist$+olitical$c(--,%t$'.ic.$call,2 its,l3$t.,$P,1ol(tio%a-#$No66(%ist$Ga-t# (%til$a$3,'$#,a-s$a?o=$%ota4l,$3o-$t.,ia%%(al$8G-,+a-i%?$fo-$Go',-8$co%3,-,%c,s a%2$t.,i-$?lossil#$s(+,-3icial$I$J$"# 9a+K$sm 6a?aki%,;$<.at$.is$1i,'s$%o' s,,6$to$.a1,$6o-,$i%$co66o%$'it.$t.os, -o(ti%,l#$,B+-,ss,2$i%$t.,$o+i%io%$col(6%s o3$t.,$Da$5y E%5%#+a0h cl,a-l#$is%8t so6,t.i%?$.,$3,,ls$t.,$%,,2$to$a+olo?is, 3o-;$St-a%?,l#$,%o(?.=$_ic@$K(6,=$t., ,-st'.il,$,2ito-$o3$I$J$"# 9a+K$sm bo-$8R_8 as$it$4,ca6,=$i%$a$%,,2l,ss$co%c,ssio%$to$t., +ost6o2,-%ist$c(lt(-,$a%2$82(64i%?$2o'%8 f(-,2i$%o'$i-o%icall#$-ails$a?ai%stc=$.a++,%s to$4,$a$4-oa2s.,,t$col(6%ist$s+o(ti%? si6ila-$1i,'s$to$f(-,2i$.i6s,l3;$<.is$2o,s %ot.i%?$to$2i6i%is.$t.,$+-,1al,%t$1i,'$o% t.,$"-itis.$l,3t$t.at$t.,i-$o-?a%isatio%$'as$a -at.,-$4ika--,$c-oss$4,t',,%$a$c(lt$a%2$a s,ct$'it.$a$t,%2,%c#$to$sa#$a%#t.i%? co%t-o1,-sial$i3$it$co(l2$?,t$t.,6$so6, 6,2ia$att,%tio%; fo-$all$t.at=$f(-,2i8s$4oo@$is$',ll 'o-t.$-,a2i%?;$K,$is$a$t.o(?.tA+-o1o@i%? '-it,-$a%2$so6,t.i%?$o3$a$c-itic$o3$t., +-,s,%t$8+ost6o2,-%$co%2itio%8=$'.,-, ,1,-#t.i%?$s,,6i%?l#$.as$a$1al(,$o3$so6, so-t$a%2$4a%alit#$is$,l,1at,2$i%to$a%$a-t 3o-6=$'.,-,$sci,%c,$a%2$-,aso%$a-,$6,-,l# a%ot.,-$+,-s+,cti1,$o%$t.,$'o-l2=$a%2$'.,-, all$att,6+ts$at$3(%2a6,%tall#$c.a%?i%? soci,t#$a-,$2oo6,2$to$3ail(-,=$a-,$2a%?,-o(s A$o-$4ot.;$K,-,$.,$is$tilli%?$3,-til,$?-o(%2= a%2$.is$'-iti%?$is$sti6(lati%?$a%2$,%,-?,tic; F$la-?,$+a-t$o3$t.,$4oo@$3oc(s,s$o%$t., 'a#$i%$'.ic.$+(4lic$+olic#$i%$t.,$6a>oca+italist$stat,s$is$c(--,%tl#$(si%? 8i%cl(si1it#8$a%2$8'i2,%i%?$acc,ss8$as$4o?(s 'a#s$o3$,%3-a%c.isi%?$t.,$2is,%3-a%c.is,2= '.,t.,-$it$4,$i%$+olitical$li3,=$t.,$a-ts=$oKi?.,-$:2(catio%;$<.is$i%1ol1,s$t., -,co?%itio%$a%2$3latt,-#$o3$8i2,%titi,s8 b,t.%ic=$?,%2,-=$s,B(al=$%atio%alc$a%2$t., +-o6otio%$o3$t.,$i2,a$t.at$,1,-#o%,$c-,at,s QW

t.,i-$o'%$-,alit#=$a$-,alit#$'.ic.$is$o3$,J(al 'o-t.$to$a%#t.i%?$,ls,$i%$soci,t#$A$a%2$all t.is$at$t.,$,B+,%s,$o3$t.,$-i?o-o(s= i%2,+,%2,%t$+(-s(it$o3$1isio%$a%2$sta%2a-2s c.a-act,-istic$o3$t.,$i%t,ll,ct(al$a++-oac. f(-,2i$t.i%@s$is$i%$t.,$+-oc,ss$o3 2isa++,a-i%?$3-o6$+(4lic$li3,; <.,-,$is$a%$,l,6,%t$o3$t-(t.$i%$t.is= ,1,%$i3$so6,$o3$f(-,2i8s$.o44#A.o-s,s$l,a2 .i6$ast-a#$+,-io2icall#;$fo-$i%sta%c,=$t., c(--,%t$a?,%2a$3o-$8'i2,%i%?$acc,ss$a%2 +a-tici+atio%8$i%$K:$is$littl,$to$2o$'it. a4st-act$social$,%?i%,,-i%?$4(t$t.,$-,s+o%s, o3$s(cc,ssi1,$?o1,-%6,%ts$to$t.,$2,6a%2s o3$t.,$la4o(-$6a-@,t=$i%cl(2i%?$t.,$2,6a%2s o3$,6+lo#,-s$3o-$6o-,$1ocatio%all#A3oc(s,2 (%i1,-sit#$co(-s,s$a%2$3o-$t.,$c-,atio%$o3 i%t,-6,2iat,$a'a-2s$li@,$fo(%2atio% ^,?-,,s;$C%2,,2=$t.is$s,,6s$a%$o22$+oi%t$to %,,2$to$6a@,$to$so6,o%,$'.o$.as$s+,%t 6ost$o3$.is$li3,$calli%?$.i6s,l3$a$_a-Bist; f(-t.,-6o-,=$,1,%$i3$f(-,2i$is$a$.al3A2,c,%t sociolo?ist$.,$is$c,-tai%l#$%ot$6(c.$o3$a% ,2(catio%alist=$as$.is$co66,%ts$o%$6o2,-% 6,t.o2s$o3$t,ac.i%?$a%2$l,a-%i%?= acc-,2itatio%$o3$+-io-$l,a-%i%?$a%2$ot.,iss(,s$t,%2$to$s.o'=$3o-$.,-,$.,$is$(%-,lia4l, a%2$.is$a++-oac.$lac@s$t.,$t#+,$o3$-i?o(a%2$,%?a?,6,%t$'it.$s,-io(s$st(2#$., ot.,-'is,$i%sists$o%; "(t$'.,-,$f(-,2i8s$4oo@$6iss,s$t., 6a-@$6ost$%otic,a4l#$is$i%$.is$2,3,%c,$o3 t.,$8i%t,ll,ct(al8$as$,64o2#i%?$,1,-#t.i%? t.at$'as$?oo2$a4o(t$:%li?.t,%6,%t$i2,als a%2$6o2,-%ist$co%c,+tio%s$o3$+-o?-,ss;$<.is is$a$+a-tial=$o%,Asi2,2$a%al#sis$a%2$it$is t,6+ti%?$to$s(s+,ct$t.at$'.at$f(-,2i$-,all# 'a%ts$to$2,3,%2$is$6o2,-%is6=$sci,%c,$a%2 -atio%alit#$its,l3$a?ai%st$+ost6o2,-%is6= -,lati1is6$a%2$o(-$s,,6i%?l#$i--atio%al$a?,; "(t$t.is$.as$al-,a2#$4,,%$2o%,$4#$ot.,-s J(it,$-,c,%tl#=$s(c.$as$4#$f-a%cis$E.,,%=$so f(-,2i$.as$cast$a-o(%2$3o-$a$%,'$a%?l,$t.at o%l#$s,-1,s$to$2isto-t$t.,$+ict(-,=$-o44i%?$it o3$cla-it#;$ Soci,t#$2o,s%8t$%,,2$a$%,'$+.ala%B$o3 i%t,ll,ct(als$at$all=$it$%,,2s$a$-,actio% a?ai%st$-,actio%$a%2$a$co%3i2,%c,$t.at .(6a%@i%2$?,%,-all#$ca%$loo@$4,#o%2$t., 3-a?6,%ts$o3$t.,$+ost6o2,-%$co%2itio%$a%2 coll,cti1,l#$'o-@$to'a-2s$a$1isio%$o3$.o' t.,$'o-l2$o(?.t$to$4,; 0&P

1i,'+oi%ts$o3$s,1,-al$2i33,-,%t$c.a-act,-s= a%2$i%t,-s+,-s,2$'it.$,Bc,-+ts$3-o6$t., 3ictio%al$2ia-i,s$o3$t'o$st-i@i%?$6i%,-s= G,ac,$+ai%ts$a$1i1i2$+o-t-ait$o3$t.,$st-i@, a%2$its$,1,%t(al$2,3,at; F$?-,at$2,al$o3$-,s,a-c.$(%2,-li,s$t., 4oo@=$a%2$G,ac,$4-i%?s$o(t$t.,$,Bt,%t$o3$t., -(li%?$class8$+-,+a-atio%s$3o-$t.,$st-i@,$a%2 t.,i-$2,t,-6i%atio%$to$4,at$t.,$6i%,-s$i%to s(46issio%;$9o1,-%6,%t$3iB,-s$a%2$co--(+t (%2,-co1,-$+olic,$a-,$s.o'%$2oi%?$t.,i2i-t#$'o-@;$<.,$2i1isio%s$a%2$.ostiliti,s 'it.i%$6i%i%?$co66(%iti,s$a-,$2is+la#,2= a%2$,1,%$so6,$'o-@i%?$6i%,-s$a-,$s.o'% i%$a%$al6ost$s#6+at.,tic$li?.t$A$o%,$sa#s .,82$.a1,$4,,%$o%$st-i@,$.a2$t.,-,$4,,%$a 4allot$i%$3a1o(-$o3$st-i@,$actio%;$Fs$t., st-i@,$co%ti%(,s=$t.,$]`_$4,co6, i%c-,asi%?l#$2,s+,-at,$i%$att,6+ti%?$to$.i2, t.,i-$3i%a%cial$ass,ts$o1,-s,as$a%2$o(t$o3 -,ac.$o3$t.,$?o1,-%6,%t8s$stoo?,s=$'.il,$t., Noal$"oa-2$a%2$t.,$<o-i,s$s,,@$to (%2,-6i%,$t.,$st-i@,$4#$?,tti%?$al6ost$all acti1it#$i%$s(++o-t$o3$it$2,cla-,2$ill,?al$a%2 s(4si2isi%?$t.,$4ac@AtoA'o-@$6o1,6,%t; <.,-,$a-,$s(??,stio%s$t.at$t.,$+olic,$-a%@s a-,$4,i%?$4oost,2$4#$sol2i,-s=$a%2$t.,$,Bt,%t o3$+olic,$4-(talit#$is$6a2,$+lai%; <.,$]`_$l,a2,-s$a-,$2,+ict,2$as +-,tt#$+a-a%oi2$bt.o(?.$+ossi4l#$'it. -,aso%c$a4o(t$4,i%?$4(??,2$a%2$4,i%? i%3ilt-at,2;$8<.,$G-,si2,%t8$co6,s$o1,-$as$a% i%c-,asi%?l#$+at.,tic$3i?(-,=$.a-@i%?$4ac@$to .is$s(++os,2$2,3,at$o3$t.,$K,at. ?o1,-%6,%t$i%$QYVX=$a%2$-,+,ati%?$t., 6a%t-a$t.at$s(++o-t$3-o6$t.,$'i2,-$t-a2, (%io%$6o1,6,%t$'o(l2$,%s(-,$s(cc,ss;$"(t as$t.,$%(64,-s$o3$'o-@i%?$6i%,-s$?-a2(all# i%c-,as,$a%2$]`_$3(%2s$a-,$?-a2(all# l,ac.,2$a'a#=$.,$is$(%a4l,$to$acc,+t$t.at 2,3,at$is$a.,a2=$%o-$t.at$t.,$3ail(-,$to$call$a 4allot$'as$i%$a%#$'a#$-,s+o%si4l,;$<.,$t-(, .,-o,s$a%2$1icti6s=$.o',1,-=$a-,$t., st-i@i%?$6i%,-s$a%2$t.,i-$3a6ili,s;$C%$t., 3ac,$o3$2-,a23(l$3i%a%cial$.a-2s.i+=$6,2ia li,s=$stat,$1iol,%c,=$t.,$t.-,at$o3$4lac@listi%? a%2$t.,$i%,1ita4l,$+,tt#$J(a--,ls$o3$+,o+l, (%2,-$st-,ss=$t.,#$st-(??l,$to$6ai%tai% soli2a-it#$a%2$to$@,,+$t.,$3i?.t$?oi%?;$Fs 3a6ili,s$a%2$3-i,%2s.i+s$3all$a+a-t=$t.,#$still -,6ai%$co66itt,2; ^a1i2$G,ac,8s$%o1,l$?i1,s$a% (%3o-?,tta4l,$acco(%t$o3$a$6a>o-$'o-@i%?A class$st-(??l,=$a%2=$2,s+it,$t.,$co6+l,Bit# o3$its$st-(ct(-,=$is$',ll$'o-t.$-,a2i%?; P$

Ct t*+ 1.a2/a8+ )*+ ,;n+r<0 <tr;?+[ OaD;d E+a8+_ GB8Q. Ba7+r and Ba7+r fg[^^[

)*+ 8.,,.n< ./ S.ut* Q.nd.n O.9n 4;t* )*+ B+n8+<_ Katt2+< /.r t*+ 1.,,.n< ;n S.ut* Q.nd.nF R6 :a@+<F h2i Ea<t )+n<+ Eu72;8at;.n<F 8j. 56 1ra,:t.n StF Q.nd.n SLNUF S.D+,7+r 200U[

LEh% 5a7 8o"/%m"s -h% ma" o+ 7oma" Aho s-%a5s -h% #oos% (+om o(( -h% 8ommo" :2- 5%-s -h% #+%a-%+ J$55a$" 5oos% Aho s-%a5s -h% 8ommo" (+om -h% #oos%HL

<.,$a(t.o-$ba4o1,c$2,sc-i4,s$t.is$%o1,l$as$8a 3ictio%$4as,2$(+o%$a$3act8=$t.,$3act$4,i%?$t., QYUX$6i%,-s8$st-i@,$bo%$'.ic.$s,,$t., 1o8$a5$s- 1-a"/a+/ 3o-$_a-c.$!TTXc;$C%$a 4-(tall#$.o%,st$st#l,=$tol2$3-o6$t.,

_ost$o3$t.,$t,Bt$o3$Do7" A$-h Eh% M%"8%s 'as$t.,$4asis$o3$a$tal@$?i1,%$to$t.,$So(t. Ro%2o%$Pa2ical$Kisto-#$9-o(+;$_a%#$o3 t.,$o+,%$s+ac,s$i%$Ro%2o%$$A$co66o%s= 'oo2s=$?-,,%s$a%2$+a-@s$A$,Bist$4,ca(s, t.,#$',-,$+-,s,-1,2$3-o6$2,1,lo+6,%t$4# coll,cti1,$actio%O$4#$-ioti%?=$t,a-i%?$2o'% o3$3,%c,s$o-$4#$l,?al$actio%; Socialist !tandard Ma( *++,

Fcco-2i%?$to$t.,$+a6+.l,t=$4,t',,% t.,$QWt.$a%2$QYt.$c,%t(-i,s=$6(c.$o3$t., o+,%$la%2=$co66o%s$o-$'oo2s$so(t.$o3$t., Pi1,-$<.a6,s$i%$Ro%2o%$'as$,%clos,2$3o2,1,lo+6,%t=$(s(all#$4#$-ic.$la%2o'%,-s=$osol2$o33$3o-$.o(s,$4(il2i%?;$^,s+it,$its %a6,=$t.,$co66o%$la%2$'as$-a-,l#$i3$,1,act(all#$la%2$.,l2$i%$co66o%;$Ct$'as$al6ost al'a#s$la%2$o'%,2$4#$t.,$Ro-2$o3$t., _a%o-=$o%$'.ic.$o1,-$ti6,$local$+,o+l,$.a2 co6,$to$,B,-cis,$so6,$-i?.ts;$"(t$t.,s, -i?.ts$o3t,%$.a2$%o$l,?al$',i?.tq$t.,#$',-, >(st$+a-t$o3$a%$(%'-itt,%$social$co%t-act; D3$t.,$lco66o%,-sl=$t.,$+a6+.l,t %ot,s$t.at$so6,$o3$t.,6 lco(l2$4,co6,$',alt.#$i%2i1i2(als t.,6s,l1,s;$<.(s$lat,-$st-(??l,s$so6,ti6,s 2,1,lo+,2$i%to$st-(??l,s$4,t',,%$2i33,-,%t local$-ic.$+,-so%s;$9-a2(all#$as$ca+italis6 2,1,lo+,2=$slo'l#$-,+laci%?$a$soci,t#$o3 co6+l,B$1,-tical$social$o4li?atio%s$a%2 c(sto6s$'it.$o%,$4as,2$,%ti-,l#$o%$+-o3it= t.,$i6+,t(s$'as$o%$3o-$la%2o'%,-s$$to -,+lac,$t-a2itio%al$la%2$(s,$'it.$i%t,%si1, a?-ic(lt(-,;$<.is$2,6a%2,2$t.,$cl,a-i%?$o3 'oo2la%2$a%2$t.,$,Bcl(sio%$o3$t.,$+oo3-o6$t.,$co66o%s;l <.is$+-oc,ss$2i2$%ot$ta@,$+lac, 'it.o(t$6assi1,$(+.,a1als;$<.,$,%clos(-,s i%c-,as,2$-,sista%c,;$<.,$+a6+.l,t 2,sc-i4,s$t.,$'a1,$o3$-,4,llio%$3oS#2,%.a6$No66o%=$a%2$t.,$co%3lict$o% E,st'a-2$No66o%$i%$"a-%,s;$Pic.6o%2 Ga-@=$St-,at.a6$No66o%=$Eool'ic. No66o%$a%2$So(t.$Ra64,t.$No66o%$a-, also$6,%tio%,2;$Fs$lat,$as$t.,$QUWTs=$t.,-, ',-,$st-(??l,s$o1,-$acc,ss$to$Ei64l,2o% No66o%; "#$t.,$lUSTs=$-,3o-6,-s$',-, a-tic(lati%?$t.,$%,,2$3o-$(-4a%$+a-@s=$to l-,li,1,$t.,$st-,ss$a%2$o1,-c-o'2i%?$o3$t., cit#$3o-$t.,$6illio%s$bo3$'o-@,-sc$+ac@,2 i%to$4(iltA(+$a-,asl;$Ct$'as$also$.o+,2$t.at 4#$co%1,-ti%?$so6,$o+,%$s+ac,s$a%2 co66o%s$i%to$la%2sca+,2$+a-@s=$t.,#$'o(l2 4,$6a2,$-,s+,cta4l,$l3o-$t.,$as+i-i%? 'o-@i%?$class,sl;$fo-$,Ba6+l,= lC%$So(t.$Ro%2o%=$"att,-s,a$fi,l2s= (%til$t.,$QYt.$c,%t(-#$a$+lac,$o3$4a'2# 'o-@i%?$class$-,c-,atio%=$i%cl(2i%?$a%i6al 3ai-s=$stalls=$2-i%@i%?=$,tc;$4,ca6,$"att,-s,a Ga-@;$Rocal$1ica-$P,1,-,%2$fallo%$+-o+os,2 4(il2i%?$o3$t.,$6o2,-%$+a-@$to$,%co(-a?, t.,$+oo-$to$-,3o-6$a%2$84,co6,$o-2,-l#8;$Fs +a-t$o3$t.,$+-oc,ss$i%$QUS!$all$+,-so%s 8t-,s+assi%?8$o%$t.,$+a-@$'it.$a%i6als$o4a--o's$',-,$o-2,-,2$to$4,$%ic@,2;l Stoc@',ll$9-,,%$'as$(s,2$3o-$local -,c-,atio%=$o3t,%$-o'2#=$(%til$a$local$to33 4o(?.t$it$a%2$4(ilt$-aili%?s$-o(%2$it; Ea%2s'o-t.$No66o%=$as$+a-t$o3$t.,$'ast,s o3$t.,$_a%o-$o3$"att,-s,a$a%2$Ea%2s'o-t.= 'as$la-?,l#$,%clos,2$a%2$-,2(c,2$i%$sik,= a%2$s+lit$i%$t.-,,$4#$t.,$%,'$-ail'a#$li%,s$i% t.,$QUXTs;$<.,$+a6+.l,t$6,%tio%s %(6,-o(s$ot.,-$o+,%$s+ac,s=$co66o%s$a%2 +a-@s$i%$so(t.,-%$Ro%2o%=$a%2$t.,$1a-io(s 4attl,s$a%2$co%3licts$o1,-$t.,i-$o'%,-s.i+ a%2$acc,ss;$Ct$%ot,s=$.o',1,-=$t.at$t., st-(??l,s$2,sc-i4,2$i%$So(t.$Ro%2o%$',-, %ot$(%iJ(,;$<.-o(?.$t.,$QWt.$to$t.,$QYt. c,%t(-i,s$t.,-,$',-,$t.o(sa%2s$o3$local 4attl,s$a?ai%st$t.,$,%clos(-,$a%2 2,1,lo+6,%t$o3$o+,%$s+ac,s;$F%2$alt.o(?. %ot$6,%tio%,2$i%$t.,$+a6+.l,t=$it$s.o(l2$4, %ot,2$.,-,$t.at$i%$a$socialist$soci,t#$all$t., la%2=$a%2$%ot$>(st$co66o%s$o-$+a-@s=$'o(l2 4,$t.,$co66o%$+oss,ssio%$o3$soci,t#$as$a '.ol,; P*'

Socialist !tandard Ma( *++,

8ilm 3e?ie@ )*+ W+<,+nF 1.rn+r*.u<+F !an8*+<t+rF (now available on DPD).

R,ss$o1,-tl# 6a%i+(lati1, t.a% Mah+%"h%$- NOP 4(t$i%$a si6ila-l# s(41,-si1, 1,i%=$Eh% Q%sm%" is$a% att,6+t$to 'a@,$(+$t., +(4lic$to$all$t., co-+o-at,$c-a+ t.at$is$?oi%?$o% a-o(%2$t., 'o-l2$i%$t., %a6,$o3$t.,$E<D;$<.,$3il6$s.o's$F%2# a%2$_i@,=$<.,$L,s6,%=$i6+,-so%ati%?$olco--,cti%?l$t.,$i2,%tit#$o3$t.,i-$ta-?,ts= 8t(-%i%?$(+$t.,$1ol(6,8$o%$t.,$ai6s$o3$t., E<D$4#$,Ba??,-ati%?$t.,6$to$l(2ic-o(s ,Bt,%ts;$<.is$is$ill(st-at,2$+,-3,ctl#$4#$t.,i4-i,3$-(%2o'%$o3$t.,$-is,$o3$t.,$t,Btil, i%2(st-#$i%$QYt.$c,%t(-#$F6,-ica$t.a%@s$to li%1ol(%ta-il#$i6+o-t,2$la4o(-l$i%$t., So(t.=$o-$4#$t.,i-$+-o+osal$t.at$t.,$+oo-$,at t.,i-$o'%$s.it$1ia$-,c#cl,2$4(-?,-s;$ <.,$+(4licit#$4l(-4$is$+-o6isi%? ,%o(?.=$a%2$t.,$st(%ts$a-,$',ll$-,+-,s,%t,2 4(t$a$lot$o3$co1,-a?,$is$?i1,%$to$-,2(%2a%t tal@i%?At.-o(?.=$l,%?t.,%i%?$t., i%t-o2(ctio%$a%2$?i1i%?$6o-,$4ac@?-o(%2 2,tail$o%$t.,$+-,+a-atio%$3o-$t.,$co-+o-at, l,is(-,$s(it$'it.$.(?,$+.allic$a++,%2a?, t.a%$'as$st-ictl#$%,c,ssa-#;$<.,$3i-st$.al3$o3 t.,$3il6$is$ta@,%$(+$4#$t.,$L,s6,%8s$tal@$at a$t,Btil,$co%3,-,%c,$i%$<a6+,-,=$l,a1i%?$t., ca6,-a$to$t-ail$(%,1,%l#$alo%?$to$t'o$ot.,,1,%ts$'.ic.$a-,$l,ss$',ll$co1,-,2$i%$t., s,co%2$.al3;$ <.is$(%,1,%%,ss$o3$t-,at6,%t$is$a s.a6,=$4,ca(s,$t.,$i2,a$4,.i%2$t.,$L,s6,% is$a$?oo2$o%,=$a%2$co(l2$4,$a%$,33,cti1,$'a# o3$4-,a@i%?$t.-o(?.$t.,$.a-2$ca+italist$coat o3$(%t.i%@i%?$o4,2i,%c,$to$<.,$_a-@,t;$D3 co(-s,=$it$is$1astl#$,%t,-tai%i%?$to$3ollo' F%2#$a%2$_i@,$as$t.,#$+-,+a-,$to$ta@,$o%$a t,Btil,$co%3,-,%c,$i%$fi%la%2=$sto++i%?$o33 i%$Ga-is$to$+ic@$(+$littl,$,Bt-as$li@,$t., 3i%is.i%?$to(c.$3o-$t.,$6a%a?,-8s$l,is(-, s(it=$a%2$as$t.,#$6,,t$(+$'it.$3,llo' acti1ists$a-o(%2$t.,$Stat,s$3o-$ot.,-$sti%ts; <.,$(%2,-l#i%?$i2,a$t.at$s(4t,-3(?,$i%$t., 3o-6$o3$c.a6,l,o%Ali@,$+a-o2i,s$'ill c.all,%?,$t.os,$i%$+o',-$i%$t.,$,co%o6ic a-,%a=$o-$at$l,ast$'a@,$(+$a$3,'$co%3,-,%c, ?o,-s=$is$la(2a4l,$4(t$.a-2$'o-@q$i%$t., ca+italist$'o-l2$too$6a%#$o3$t.,s,$,B+,%si1, 8co%3,-,%c,s8$a-,$att,%2,2$4#$too$6a%#$-,al 8#,s6,%8$a%2=$(%s(-+-isi%?l#=$t.,-,$a-,$3,' .ostil,$-,actio%s$to$t.,$o(t-a?,o(s$+-o+osals t.at$F%2#$a%2$_i@,$6a@,;$:1,%$t., a++,a-a%c,$o3$F%2#$o%$N]"N 6asJ(,-a2i%?$as$9F<<$-,+-,s,%tati1, 89-a%'#t.$K(lat4,-i=8$s+o(ti%?$a4o(t$t., 6i?.t$o3$t.,$-ic.$co6+a-,2$to$t.,$+oo-$'.o a-,$'-o%?$l4,ca(s,$t.,#$a-,$+oo-l=$3ails$to -i%?$a%#$ala-6$4,lls$'it.$t.,$+-o2(c,-=$,1,% a3t,-$t.,$4-oa2cast$.as$?o%,$o(t;$ <.,$o%,$6o6,%t$o3$.o+,$co6,s$'.,% t.,$L,s6,%$?o$to$S#2%,#$to$a22-,ss$a 6,,ti%?$o3$t.,$N,-ti3i,2$G-actici%? Fcco(%ta%ts$Fssociatio%$o3$F(st-alia;$F%2#= s+,a@i%?$a?ai%$as$a$E<D$-,+-,s,%tati1,= .as$?o%,$3o-$t.,$s,-io(s$a++-oac.=$t,lli%?$it

st-ai?.t$A$al6ost$A$4#$?i1i%?$a$-(%2o'%$o3 s.oc@i%?$statistics$a%2$3acts$a4o(t$co-+o-at, ?lo4alisatio%;$K,$,B+lai%s$t.at$t.,$E<D$.as -,alis,2$'.at$.as$.a++,%,2$a%2$is$%o' ?oi%?$to$clos,$2o'%$i%$its$c(--,%t$3o-6=$a%2 sta-t$(+$i%$a$%,'$2i-,ctio%$to$t-#$a%2$-i?.t its$'-o%?s$4#$.,l+i%?$+,o+l,=$%ot$4(si%,ss; <.,$acco(%ta%ts$la+$it$(+$a%2$s,,6 ?,%(i%,l#$,Bcit,2$4#$t.is$+-os+,ct$a%2$,a?,to$2o$t.,i-$4it;$Flt.o(?.$t.is$i%t,-,st$3-o6 s(c.$a$%o-6all#$co%s,-1ati1,$c-o'2$co(l2 4,$,B+lai%,2$4#$t.,$(%c-itical$-,actio%$t.at t.,$L,s6,%8s$+a-o2ic$i%t,-1,%tio%s$(s(all# ?,t=$it$co(l2$also$4,$6o-,$+-oo3$t.at .(6a%it#$'o(l2$,64-ac,$a$6o-,$.(6a%, soci,t#=$?i1,%$.al3$t.,$c.a%c,; /O

Bbituar9

%onnie *dMards E,$a-,$sa22,%,2$to$.a1,$to$-,+o-t$t.,$2,at. o3$o(-$co6-a2,$Po%%i,$:2'a-2s$i%$_a-c.; E.,%$',$l,a-%,2$o3$t.,$s,-io(s%,ss$o3$.is ill%,ss$t.,$s.oc@$'as$all$t.,$?-,at,-$4,ca(s, .,$.a2$loo@,2$i%$3i%,$.,alt.$at$t.,$+a-t#8s N,%t,%a-#$N,l,4-atio%$i%$Ro%2o%$last$e(%,; K,$.a2$>oi%,2$t.,$+a-t#$i%$9las?o'$i%$QYWW '.,%$o%l#$s,1,%t,,%$a%2$i66,2iat,l#$t.-,' .i6s,l3$i%$to$t.,$4-a%c.8s$acti1iti,s$i%$t., cit#$a%2$,ls,'.,-,$i%$Scotla%2; C%$QYVM$Po%%i,$6o1,2$to$So(t. Lo-@s.i-,;$Kis$4-ot.,-$f-,22i,$soo%$>oi%,2 .i6$a%2$4ot.$J(ic@l#$?ot$i%1ol1,2$'it. local$co6-a2,s$i%$o-?a%isi%?$+a-t#$acti1iti,s i%$a%2$a-o(%2$R,,2s$a%2$^o%cast,-$'.ic. l,2$to$t.,$3o-6atio%$o3$t.,$3o-6,-$E,st Lo-@s.i-,$4-a%c.;$Po%%i,$'as$still$2oi%?$all .,$co(l2$3o-$t.,$+a-t#$(%til$o%l#$a$3,' 6o%t.s$a?o$'.,%$ill%,ss$lai2$.i6$lo'; <.,$+a-t#$.as$lost$#,t$a%ot.,-$stal'a-t= a%2$',$,Bt,%2$o(-$2,,+,st$co%2ol,%c,s$to .is$'i3,$Ei%%i,=$so%$eos.=$a%2$to$all$.is 3a6il#$%o-t.$a%2$so(t.$o3$t.,$4o-2,-; QQ

C/r;8a_

C !ark;an

Cna2y<;<[

A [0-page pamphlet on Africa, mainly reprints of articles from the Socialist Standard and mainly written by socialists living in Africa. Marx's materialist conception of history and analysis of society is applied to: ! <tat+ and 82a<< ;n :r+>8.2.n;a2 4+<t C/r;8a ! )r;7a2;<, ! 8.2.n;a2;<, and 8a:;ta2;<, ! r+2;@;.nF ra8+ and 82a<< ! S*ar;a 2a9 ;n S;@+r;a ! t*+ +du8at;.n <y<t+, ;n J*ana Available from The Socialist Party. d1. Zd1.]T by postJ send cheeue payable to bThe Socialist Party of Great Rritainb to T2 Clapham 6igh StJ @ondon SWV WUN[.

Ceetings Ld;n7ur@* and J2a<@.9 7ran8*+< Oay S8*..2 SH1PCQPS!_ OILC! HI ILCQP)W\ Saturday 14th May 1pm to 5pm N[00 t. 2[N5:, )*+ Or+a, ./ S.8;a2;<, :1,-$si%c,$t.,$4-,a@A(+$o3$+-i6iti1, soci,t#$t.,$%otio%$o3$a$soci,t#$'it.o(t o'%,-s$a%2$%o%Ao'%,-s$.as$+,-sist,2; <.,$2-,a6$o3$a$6o-,$,J(alita-ia% soci,t#$.as$+,-sist,2$t.-o(?.$t.,$a?,s; ^ic@$^o%%,ll#$b9las?o'$"-a%c.c co%si2,-s$so6,$o3$t.,s,$i2,as$a%2$.o' t.,#$-,lat,$to$6o2,-%$soci,t#=$'it.its .a-2A%os,2$attit(2,$to'a-2s$ .(6a%$4,.a1io(-;

2[N5 t. R[R0:, 1an 4+ C7.2;<* 4.r2d Tun@+r\

Ct$is$-,c@o%,2$t.at$6illio%s$o3$'o-@,-s$a-, 2#i%?$i%si2,$ca+italis6;$Ga(l ",%%,tt$b_a%c.,st,-$"-a%c.c$as@s$.o' 2o$socialists$co+,$'it.$t.,$%otio%s$o3 a%tiA?lo4alisatio%$a%2$si%?l,Aiss(, +oliticsH$C%$a$'o-l2$'.,-,$'a-$a%2$'o-l2 sta-1atio%$is$t.,$%o-6$.o'$ca%$a$.(6a% 4,i%?$2,al$'it.$t.,$%asti%,ss$o3$6o2,-% soci,t#$a%2$o33,-$a%$alt,-%ati1,H

R[R0 t. U[U5:, P< )*+r+ Cn C2t+rnat;D+ ). S.8;a2;<,\

C%$t.is$s,ssio%$"-ia%$9a-2%,-$b9las?o' "-a%c.c$loo@s$at$1a-io(s$att,6+ts$to$+atc. (+$ca+italis6;$K,$+a#s$+a-tic(la-$att,%tio% to$-,c,%t$%otio%s$a4o(t$a%tiA?lo4alisatio% a%2$att,6+ts$to$2,al$'it.$'o-l2$.(%?,t.-o(?.$1a-io(s$i2,as$a4o(t$taBatio%$a%2 'i+i%?$o(t$2,4ts;$Ko'$+-actical$a-,$t.,s, i2,asH

<,a=$co33,,$a%2$li?.t$-,3-,s.6,%ts$'ill$4,$a1aila4l,$2(-i%?$t.,$s,ssio%s;$Ft$all$t.,s,$s,ssio%s$a$s+,a@,-$'ill$o+,%$(+$3o-$!T$6i%(t,s a%2$t.,$-,st$o3$t.,$s,ssio%$'ill$4,$ta@,%$(+$'it.$J(,stio%s$a%2$2isc(ssio%;$(-FF!'I.H (*'.%&/ )&//+W Lo(t.$Ei%?=$MTX _FPLKCRR$PDF^=$9RFS9DE; <.os,$-,J(i-i%?$o1,-%i?.t$acco66o2atio%$s.o(l2$co%tact$P;^o%%,ll#=$QQ!$]a+i,-s.all$St-,,t=$9las?o'$9!T$WK<;$<,l$TQXQ$SVY XQTY$o-$*mail -ic.a-2;2o%%,ll#QZ%tl'o-l2;co6

Ld;n7ur@* Kran8*

Best /othian +ocialist 0iscussion Lroup 6,,ti%?$'ill$4,$o%$as$(s(al; at$<.,$Ra%t.o-%$i%$g,%%il'o-t.$Pis,= ^,2-i2?,=$Ri1i%?sto%$V;MT$till$Y;MT t,aico33,,$s,-1,2; No%tactsO UIFFHZ[moir\]<freeserXe<co<uI mattZMsmMe9<fsnet<co<uI a[sc\^_``Z9lueyonder<co<uI <.,$to+ics$to$4,$2,ci2,2$'ill$co%sist$as (s(al$o3$s.o-t$2isc(ssio%s$3-o6$c(-,%t acti1it#$as$',ll$asO$ Fay ^^th The Real Class Division E,8-,$s(++os,2$to$4,$6o1i%?$to'a-2s$a 6o-,$,J(ita4l,$soci,t#;$E,ll$.o'$co6, class$2i1isio%$is$'o-s,$t.a%$,1,-$H Fay \`th Could We Organise Things Without Money? E.,%$,1,-#t.i%?$.as$a$+-ic,$it$is s(++os,2$to$4,$,as#$to$co(%t$costs; So$'.at$.a++,%s$'.,%$#o($ta@,$+-ic, o(t$o3$t.,$,J(atio%$H

Ld;n7ur@* Kran8* The G8 Summit S+,a@,-$a%2$titl,$to$4,$a%%o(%c,2$;$ M+6$to$S+6=$S(%2a#$M-2$e(l#=$d(a@,-s f-i,%2s$_,,ti%?$Ko(s,=$\icto-ia$<,-ba4o1,$\icto-ia$St;c co%tact$,6ail$ UIFFHZ[moir\]<freeserXe<co<uI mattZMsmMe9<fsnet<co<uI a[sc\^_``Z9lueyonder<co<uI <.is$6,,ti%?$'ill$4,$.,l2$o%$t.,$2a#$a3t,t.,$+-ot,st$6a-c.$a?ai%st$+o1,-t#$i% :2i%4(-?.=$Sat(-2a#$!%2$e(l#;$E,$i%t,%2 to$.a1,$a$lit,-at(-,$ta4l,$at$t.,$6a-c.=$a%2 ci-c(lat,$a%2$s,ll$t.,$1o8$a5$s- 1-a"/a+/H Flso=$',$'ill$2ist-i4(t,$a$s+,cial$$l,a3l,t to$a21,-tis,$S(%2a#8s$6,,ti%?;

!an8*+<t+r Kran8* ,++t;n@ _o%2a#$!M-2$_a#=$U+6$ Ka-,$a%2$Ko(%2s=$S.(2,.ill= Nit#$N,%t-,$ 0iscussion on PoXerty Qan8a<t+r Kran8* ,++t;n@ Monday =nd May, 8pm The Gregson Centre, Moor Lane, Lancaster Bhat areas of science Mould 9e stopped in a socialist societyY

<.is$is$a%$,a-l#$call$3o-$all$1ol(%t,,-s$to 6a@,$t.,6s,l1,s$a1aila4l,$a%2$>(st$to ?,%,-all#$s+-,a2$t.,$'o-2;$N.,c@Ao(t$(+ to$2at,$i%3o$3o-$:2i%4(-?.$"-a%c.$a%2 E,st$Rot.ia%$9-o(+$atO

.tt+Oii?-o(+s;#a.oo;co6i?-o(+i],'sf-o6] o'.,-,

-eclaration of 0rinciples This declaration is the basis of our organisation andJ because it is also an important historical document dating from the formation of the party in 12\VJ its original language has been retained.

Object

)*+ +<ta72;<*,+nt ./ a <y<t+, ./ <.8;+ty 7a<+d u:.n t*+ 8.,,.n .9n+r<*;: and d+,.8rat;8 8.ntr.2 ./ t*+ ,+an< and ;n<tru,+nt< /.r :r.du8;n@ and d;<tr;7ut;n@ 9+a2t* 7y and ;n t*+ ;nt+r+<t ./ t*+ 9*.2+ 8.,,un;ty[

Declaration of Principles )*+ S.8;a2;<t Earty ./ Jr+at Kr;ta;n *.2d<

1.That society as at present constituted is based upon the ownership of the means of living (i.e., land, factories, railways, etc.)

by the capitalist or master class, and the consequent enslavement of the working class, by whose labour alone wealth is produced.

the emancipation of the working class will involve the emancipation of all mankind, without distinction of race or sex.

=.That in society, therefore, there is an antagonism of interests, manifesting itself as a class struggle between those who possess but do not produce and those who produce but do not possess.

5.That this emancipation must be the work of the working class itself.

[.That this antagonism can be abolished only by the emancipation of the working class from the domination of the master class, by the conversion into the common property of society of the means of production and distribution, and their democratic control by the whole people. 4.That as in the order of social evolution the working class is the last class to achieve its freedom,

6.That as the machinery of government, including the armed forces of the nation, exists only to conserve the monopoly by the capitalist class of the wealth taken from the workers, the working class must organize consciously and politically for the conquest of the powers of government, national and local, in order that this machinery, including these forces, may be converted from an instrument of oppression into the agent of emancipation and the overthrow of privilege, aristocratic and plutocratic.

7.That as all political parties are but the expression of class interests, and as the interest of the working class is diametrically opposed to the interests of all sections of the the master class, the party seeking working class emancipation must be hostile to every other party. 8.The Socialist Party of Great Britain, therefore, enters the field of political action determined to wage war against all other political parties, whether alleged labour or avowedly capitalist, and calls upon the members of the working class of this country to muster under its banner to the end that a speedy termination may be wrought to the system which deprives them of the fruits of their labour, and that poverty may give place to comfort, privilege to equality, and slavery to freedom.

Socialist !tandard Ma( *++,

)*+ Oar? S;d+ ./ Sunny J;,

(J;, 1a22a@*an0< 2;:< lu;D+r+dF *;< *and< <*..?F *+ *ad n. ;d+a 9*at *;t *;,A

Ct$is$%ot$,%ti-,l#$cl,a-$'.#$t., lat,$Ro-2$Nalla?.a%$s.o(l2$.a1, 4,,%$@%o'%$as$S(%%#$ei6 4,ca(s,$t.,-,$'as$a$lot$6o-,$to .i6$t.a%$a$s(++os,2l#$?,%ial=$(%3la++a4l, 3a1o(-it,$(%cl,;$E.il,$t.,-,$a-,$+,o+l,$'.o a-,$?-at,3(l$3o-$.is$ca-,$3o-$t.,6$'.,%$t.,# ',-,$i%$t-o(4l,$t.,-,$is$also$a$si?%i3ica%t %(64,-$'.o$-,6,64,-$.i6$as$a$t.(?$a%2$a 4(ll#;$<.,s,$a-,$t.,$+,o+l,$'.o$ca6,$to @%o'$t.at$4,%,at.$t.,$s(-3ac,$S(%%#$ei6 co%c,al,2$a%$i-o%$2,t,-6i%atio%$a%2 ,Bc,ssi1,$1,%o6$a?ai%st$a%#o%,$'.o c-oss,2$.i6;$K(?.$^alto%=$'.o$'as$t., 3i-st$N.a%c,llo-$o3$t.,$:Bc.,J(,-$i%$t., QYXS$Ra4o(-$9o1,-%6,%t=$at$3i-st$ass,ss,2 Nalla?.a%$as$l3i-st$class$t.o(?.$'it.$%o 6a%%,-s$a%2$-(t.l,ss$a64itio%l=$a%$o+i%io% '.ic.$.,$6o2i3i,2$lat,-$to$lo41io(sl#$a t-i66,-$a%2$2o,s%8t$s,,6$to$.a1,$a%#$2,,+ co%1ictio%sl;$Po#$e,%@i%s=$a%ot.,-$Ra4o(N.a%c,llo-=$2,sc-i4,2$.i6$as$la%$a??-,ssi1, +i@,$,ati%?$(+$t.,$6i%%o's=$'it.$a 4-oo2i%?$ai-$o3$6,%ac,lq$"a-4a-a$Nastl,= '.o$'as$?-i,1o(sl#$6a(l,2$4#$.i6$o1,-$t., +-o+osals$3o-$t-a2,$(%io%$l-,3o-6l$i%$C% Glac,$o3$St-i3,=$sa'$.i6$as$a$6,%ac,$o%$2-# la%2O$la$s%a@,$i%$t.,$?-assl;$E.at$all$t.,s, o+i%io%s=$so6,ti6,s$co%t-a2icto-#=$a22$(+ to$is$t.at$Nalla?.a%$'as$cl,a-l#$',ll$s(it,2 to$a$ca-,,-$i%$+olitics$at$t.,$.i?.,st$l,1,l; F%2$so$it$t(-%,2$o(t=$4,ca(s,$.,$.,l2$all$t., 6a>o-$?o1,-%6,%tal$>o4s$A$N.a%c,llo-$o3$t., :Bc.,J(,-=$Ko6,$S,c-,ta-#=$fo-,i?% S,c-,ta-#$a%2$3i%all#$G-i6,$_i%ist,-;$<.is 'as$+-,tt#$',ll$(%iJ(,=$alt.o(?.$t.at$ca%%ot 4,$sai2$a4o(t$t.,$3act$t.at=$4#$t.,$sta%2a-2s '.ic.$>(2?,$ca+italist$+oliticia%s=$.,$3ail,2 i%$all$3o(-$>o4s;

P,:.rt dut;+<

Nalla?.a%$'as$%ot$(%iJ(,$i%$.is +oliticia%8s$-,a2i%,ss$to$-,,l$o33$so(%2$4it,s '.ic.$.,$ca6,$to$-,?-,t;$D%,$o3$t.,s,$'as .is$ass(-a%c,$t.at=$a3t,-$o%,$o3$t.,$6o-, 6i%o-$c-is,s=$t.,$o(tloo@$3o-$t.,$"-itis. ,co%o6#$'as$s,t$3ai-O$lst,a2#$as$s.,$?o,sl 'as$.o'$.,$+(t$it;$<.is$'as$i%t,%2,2$to Socialist !tandard Ma( *++,

-,6i%2$,1,-#o%,$t.at$.,$.a2$o%c,$4,,%$i% t.,$]a1#$a%2$to$co63o-t$t.,6$'it.$t., i6a?,$o3$a$?-,at$li%,-$4,i%?$%(2?,2$i%to sa3,$.a-4o(-=$'it.$ca+tai%$S(%%#$ei6 +laci2l#$i%$co%t-ol$o%$t.,$4-i2?,;$E.at act(all#$.a++,%,2$'as$t.at$'.,%=$o%l#$a co(+l,$o3$2a#s$a3t,-$t.,$,l,ctio%=$it$4,ca6, cl,a-$t.at$"-itis.$ca+italis6$'as$i%$o%,$o3 its$-,c(--i%?$c-is,s$Nalla?.a%8s$-,s+o%s,$'as t#+ical=$2,s+,-at,$+a%ic;$D%,$o3$t.,$'.,,k,s .,$.(--i,2l#$i6+l,6,%t,2$i%$Dcto4,-$QYWX 'as$a$t,6+o-a-#$QS$+,-$c,%t$i%c-,as,$o% so6,$i6+o-t$2(ti,s$'.ic.=$3a-$3-o6$sol1i%? t.,$t-a2i%?$+-o4l,6s$o3$"-itis.$ca+italis6= +-o1o@,2$o(t-a?,$a%2$t.-,ats$o3$-,taliatio% a4-oa2;$C%$-,s+o%s,$t.,$"-itis.$?o1,-%6,%t .a2$to$+-o6is,$t.at$t.,$s(-c.a-?,$'as$o%l# t,6+o-a-#$a%2$t.,%=$a$3,'$6o%t.s$lat,-=$to -,2(c,$t.,$-at,$to$QT$+,-$c,%t;$Ko'$cal6 a%2$coll,ct,2$'as$Nalla?.a%$t.-o(?.$all t.isH$C%$]o1,64,-$QYWX=$at$a$co%3,-,%c,$o3 6i%ist,-s$at$N.,J(,-s=$9,o-?,$Ei?? -,call,2$lei6$Nalla?.a%8s$li+s$J(i1,-,2=$.is .a%2s$s.oo@=$.,$.a2$%o$i2,a$'.at$.it$.i6;l G-i6,$_i%ist,-$Eilso%$co66,%t,2$lC86 .a1i%?$to$.ol2$.is$.a%2;$Kis$%,-1,$is%8t$1,-# ?oo2$t.,s,$2a#sl; F%ot.,-$'.,,k,=$t.o(?.t$(+$4#$t., (%+-,2icta4l#$3,-til,$4-ai%$o3$Nalla?.a%8s a21iso-$o%$taB$]ic@#$gal2o-=$'as$t., S,l,cti1,$:6+lo#6,%t$<aB$bS:<c=$-,+(t,2l# a$6,as(-,$to$-,A2ist-i4(t,$la4o(-$i%$a st-(ct(-al$-,3o-6$'.ic.$'o(l2$,li6i%at,$all t.os,$%ast#$+-o4l,6s$'.ic.$.a2$4,2,1ill,2 t.,$"-itis.$,co%o6#$3o-$so$lo%?;$<.,$S:< 'as$a$taB$o%$,6+lo#,-s$3o-$,1,-#$,6+lo#,,q 6a%(3act(-i%?$i%2(st-#$t.,%$-,c,i1,2$a -,4at,$+l(s$a$+-,6i(6$3o-$,1,-#$,6+lo#,,; F?-ic(lt(-,$-,c,i1,2$a$-,4at,$o3$t.,$taB '.il,$t.,$s,-1ic,$i%2(st-i,s$2i2$%ot$?,t a%#t.i%?;$<.is$co6+l,Bit#$'as$i6+os,2$i%$a .(--#$s(c.$as$to$4,li,$its$stat,2$+(-+os,$o3 +,-6a%,%tl#$-,s.a+i%?$"-itis.$i%2(st-#;$D%, 6i%ist,-$2,sc-i4,2$its$i%t-o2(ctio%$to$t., Na4i%,tO$l;;;4,'il2,-6,%t$a%2$co%st,-%atio%; ]o4o2#$co(l2$J(it,$3ollo'$'.at$., bNalla?.a%c$'as$sa#i%?;l$C%$a%#$cas,$S:< 'as$1i-t(all#$a4a%2o%,2$as$+a-t$o3$t., 6,as(-,s$ta@,%$i%$co%>(%ctio%$'it. 2,1al(atio%$i%$QYWV;

I+<;@nat;.n

^,1al(atio%$'as$s(++os,2$to$4,$#,t a%ot.,-$-a2ical$st,+$to$i6+-o1,$t., i%t,-%atio%al$t-a2i%?$+ositio%$o3$"-itis. ca+italis6q$a3t,-$t.,$,1,%t$Ka-ol2$Eilso% 2,cla-,2O$lCt$'ill$4,$a$-,li,3$to$o(+,o+l,;;;t.,#$'ill$3,,l$t.at$at$last$',$.a1, 4-o@,%$3-,,;;;l$"(t$t.,$Na4i%,t$.a2$4,,% a-?(i%?$a4o(t$it$al6ost$si%c,$t.,$2a# Ra4o(-$?ot$i%to$+o',-;$Nalla?.a%8s$attit(2, 'as$(%c,-tai%$4(t$.,$'a-%,2O l',$6(st$%ot$(%2,-,sti6at,$t., catast-o+.,$o3$2,1al(atio%;$Ct$'o(l2$4,$a +olitical$catast-o+.,$as$',ll$as$a%$,co%o6ic o%,;l <,%$2a#s$lat,-$.,$a%%o(%c,2$t.at$t., catast-o+.,$.a2$a--i1,2q$t.,$+o(%2$'as$to 4,$2,1al(,2$a%2$soo%$a3t,-'a-2s$., -,si?%,2;$<.is$.as$4,,%$6isco%c,i1,2$as$t., act$o3$a%$.o%,st$+oliticia%$acc,+ti%? -,s+o%si4ilit#$3o-$a$6ista@,;$C%$3act Nalla?.a%$.a2$'a%t,2$to$?i1,$(+$4,i%? N.a%c,llo-$3o-$so6,$ti6,$a%2$i%$a%#$cas,$., 'as$ca-,3(l=$a%2$t,%acio(s=$,%o(?.$%ot$to -,si?%$3-o6$t.,$Na4i%,t;$E.at$.,$2i2$'as$to s'a+$>o4s$'it.$a%ot.,-$6,64,-$o3$t., Na4i%,t=$6o1i%?$to$t.,$Ko6,$D33ic,$'.il, Po#$e,%@i%s$too@$o1,-$as$N.a%c,llo-; ^i-,ctl#$Nalla?.a%$4,ca6,$Ko6, S,c-,ta-#$i%$]o1,64,-$QYWV$.,$'as$(+ a?ai%st$t.,$+-o4l,6$o3$a$+-os+,cti1,$la-?, i%ta@,$o3$i66i?-a%ts$3-o6$g,%#a$'.o$.a2

t.,$-i?.t$to$co6,$.,-,$4,ca(s,$t.,#$.,l2 "-itis.$+ass+o-ts;$C66i?-atio%$co%t-ols$o% +,o+l,$3-o6$t.,$"-itis.$No66o%',alt. ',-,$al-,a2#$i%$o+,-atio%=$.a1i%?$4,,% i%t-o2(c,2$4#$t.,$No%s,-1ati1,$?o1,-%6,%t i%$QYW!;$Ft$t.at$ti6,$t.,$Ra4o(-$Ga-t# st-o%?l#$-,sist,2$t.,$Fct=$as$+-oclai6,2$4# K(?.$9aits@,ll$as$3a-$4ac@$as$QYSUO l<.,$Ra4o(-$Ga-t#$is$o++os,2$to$t., -,st-ictio%$o3$i66i?-atio%$as$,1,-# No66o%',alt.$citik,%$.as$t.,$-i?.t$as$a "-itis.$s(4>,ct$to$,%t,-$t.is$co(%t-#$at$'ill;l$

P,,;@rat;.n

<.is$a++,al,2$to$so6,$Ra4o(s(++o-t,-s$as$a$+-i%ci+l,2$sta%2$4(t$it J(ic@l#$c-(64l,2$'.,%$it$'as$co%3-o%t,2 'it.$t.,$t.-,at$o3$losi%?$1ot,s$o%$t.,$iss(,= so$t.at$2(-i%?$t.,$QYWX$,l,ctio%$Ra4o(6a2,$it$cl,a-$t.at$t.,#$'o(l2$@,,+$t.,$QYW! <o-#$Fct$i%$o+,-atio%;$<.,$iss(,$ca6,$to so6,t.i%?$o3$a$cli6aB$i%$t.at$,l,ctio%$'.,% Ra4o(-$lost$S6,t.'ic@=$a%2$'it.$it$t.,i+-os+,cti1,$fo-,i?%$S,c-,ta-#$9o-2o% Eal@,-=$to$a$<o-#$'.o$-a%$a%$o+,%l#$-acist ca6+ai?%;$"#$t.,$ti6,$Nalla?.a%$?ot$to$t., Ko6,$D33ic,$+la%s$',-,$al-,a2#$(%2,-$'a# to$-(s.$t.-o(?.$l,?islatio%$to$o1,-t(-%$t., .isto-ic$-i?.t$o3$"-itis.$+ass+o-t$.ol2,-s$to ,%t,-$t.is$co(%t-#$3-,,l#;$Ra4o(-8s No66o%',alt.$C66i?-atio%$"ill$',%t$,1,% 3(-t.,-$t.a%$t.,$QYW!$Fctq$it$'as$cl,a-l#$a% att,6+t$to$a++,as,$a%#$-acis6$a6o%?$t., 1ot,-s=$as$it$+-ot,ct,2$t.,$-i?.t$o3$,%t-#$o3 6ost$'.it,$No66o%',alt.$citik,%s$'.il, 2,%#i%?$t.os,$-i?.ts$to$g,%#a%$Fsia%s;$<.is c#%ical$+i,c,$o3$-acist$l,?islatio%$'as ,33o-tl,ssl#$s,,%$t.-o(?.$Ga-lia6,%t$4# S(%%#$ei6=$'.o$2i2$%ot$s,,$a%#$-,aso%$to -,si?%$o1,-$t.is$lat,st$,Ba6+l,$o3$a$+olic# -,1,-sal; C%$s+it,$o3$all$t.at$.a2$?o%,$4,3o-,=$i% .is$,a-l#$2a#s$as$.is$G-i6,$_i%ist,Nalla?.a%$s,,6,2$to$4,$al6ost i%1(l%,-a4l,;$Eit.$a6aki%?$sl,i?.t$o3$.a%2 .,$@,+t$.is$?o1,-%6,%t$?oi%?$alt.o(?.$it 'as$i%$a$6i%o-it#$i%$t.,$Ko(s,$o3 No66o%s;$C%$li%,$'it.$t.,$+olic#$o3 2,+-,ssi%?$'o-@i%?$class$li1i%?$sta%2a-2s 4#$.ol2i%?$'a?,s$2o'%$.,$sa'$o33$a$st-i@, 4#$t.,$3i-,6,%$a%2$+,-s(a2,2$t.,$6i%,-s$to acc,+t$a$+a#$2,al$'it.o(t$a$3i?.t;$<.,-, s,,6,2$%o$,%2$to$'.at$.,$co(l2$acco6+lis. 4#$'a#$o3$2isci+li%i%?$t.,$'o-@,-s$i%$t., i%t,-,sts$o3$t.,i-$,6+lo#,-s$A$a%2$all$t.is= acco-2i%?$to$o%,$ai2,=$'it.o(t$t-#i%?$to l4-,a@$i%to$t.,$9(i%%,ss$"oo@$o3$P,co-2s 3o-$t.,$a6o(%t$o3$'o-@$2o%,$i%$t',%t#A3o(.o(-sl;$"(t$o3$co(-s,$t.is$co(l2$%ot=$2i2$%ot= last;$<.,$soAcall,2$+a#$+olic#$',%t$a$st,+ too$3a-$'it.$a%$att,6+t$to$i6+os,$a$li6it$o3 S$+,-$c,%t$o%$-is,s=$'.ic.$'as$+a-tic(la-l# .a-2$o%$t.,$lo',-$+ai2$'o-@,-s;$^,%is K,al,#=$'.o$'as$N.a%c,llo-$o3$t., :Bc.,J(,-$at$t.,$ti6,=$lat,-$a26itt,2$t.at l',$i%$t.,$Na4i%,t$s.o(l2$.a1,$-,alis,2$t.at o(-$3i1,$+,-$c,%t$%o-6$'o(l2$4, +-o1ocati1,$as$',ll$as$(%attai%a4l,l$A$a%2 t.at$'as$.o'$it$t(-%,2$o(t; Poa2$.a(la?,$a%2$oil$ta%@,-$2-i1,-s ',%t$o%$st-i@,$3o-$!S$to$MT$+,-$c,%t i%c-,as,sq$local$a(t.o-it#$6a%(al$'o-@,-s clai6,2$XT$+,-$c,%t$a%2$t.,$fo-2$_otoNo6+a%#$a?-,,2$a$-is,$o3$QV$+,-$c,%t;$<.is 'as$3ollo',2$4#$t.,$s,-i,s$o3$st-i@,s$'-itt,% i%to$.isto-#$as$t.,$Ei%t,-$o3$^isco%t,%t; Nalla?.a%$call,2$t.,$,l,ctio%$o3$QYVY$la$s,a c.a%?,l$'.,%$i%$3act$it$'as$a%$,B+-,ssio% o3$2isill(sio%6,%t$'it.$t.,$Ra4o(-$Ga-t#= 4-i%?i%?$t.,$<.atc.,-$?o1,-%6,%t$to$+-,ss o%$'it.$+olici,s$'.ic.$Nalla?.a%$a%2$.is 6i%ist,-s$.a2$4,?(%;" IQ&' QY

SEHI) PS C SP1V SH1PL)W

"To amuse or recreate oneself, by active exercise in the open air; to take part in some game or play; to frolic or gambol." The Shorter CPford Onglish cictionary. That is an

adequate description of sport before the advent of capitalism, it is wholly inappropriate today. Jose Canseco the former batsman of the Oakland Athletics tells all in his expose of modern baseball, Juiced. "Why did I take steroids? The answer is simple. Because myself and others had no choice if we wanted to continue playing. Because Major League Baseball did nothing to take it out of sport," he wrote. "Before they were sworn in, the committee heard emotional testimonies from parents of promising young baseball stars who had killed themselves while taking steroids. Health officials say that suicidal tendencies are one of the side-effects of steroid use" The Times (18 March). Just another example of capitalism destroying everything it touches, even baseball.

KQLSSLO CIL )TL EHHI

"A bishop in eastern Spain has cut his parish priests' stipend by [0 per cent after his dioceses lost up to p10 million (I6.8 million) on the stock market. He advised them to find the difference by putting collection boxes in their churches" The Times (1 April). Really good thinking, Bishop. But how does that fit up with the usual homilies you give the poor about "do not thirst after the material things of life". It seems that it is a good idea for

Br++ 2un8*

priests to tell punters but not necessarily a good one for the punters to tell the priests.

4LQ1H!L )H )TLSL ILBMJLLS

A great deal of publicity is given to desperate workers travelling half the world to get a job in the UK but little is said of another group of immigrants who are welcomed with open arms to these shores. "Seven of the top richest billionaires in Britain come from overseas, according to the Sunday Times Rich List out tonight. The survey reveals that foreigners outnumber Britons at the top of the list, with steel tycoon Lakshmi Mittal topping the table with an estimated wealth of I14.8 billion. Chelsea Football Club owner and oil magnate Roman Abramovich drops to second place, but his wealth has held steady over the year at I7.5 billion" The Scotsman ([ April). Why do we never hear about restrictions of movement or of the introduction of Identity Cards for these people?

SH4 TL )LQQS MS

"Former UN chief weapons inspector Hans Blix said Wednesday that oil was one of the reasons for the US-led invasion of Iraq, a Swedish news agency reported. 'I did not think so at first. But the US is incredibly dependent on oil,' news agency TT quoted Blix as saying at a security seminar in Stockholm. 'They wanted to secure oil in case competition on the world market became too hard'" Canoe network: Cne<s (6 April). So eventually a spokesman for the capitalist class gets round to saying what socialists have been saying all along.

OWPSJ BHI EIHBP)

"The drug industry received a pasting this week and it wasn't entirely undeserved. MPs accused it of cultivating a reliance on medicine in the UK by overpromoting products and trying to find new markets by categorising more and more people as in need of treatment. ... we have been C SP1L QP))QL LCISLI Rioxx: what8s your sold the idea that a drug is The death of the Pope was supposed poison? miraculous, only to be scared to fill the world with grief according to silly months later and told that the newspapers, but there was one group it might kill us. The recent withdrawal of of entrepreneurs that were rubbing their the anti-arthritis drug Pioxx, once hailed hands in glee. "With Pope John Paul II's by doctors as safe and now linked to funeral expected to draw up to = million thousands of deaths, is a case in point" people, at least one consumer group is The Times (9 April). "Over-promoting" and accusing cafes, restaurants, grocery "finding new markets" is looked upon as stores and hotels near St Peter's Square good marketing strategy inside capitalism. of boosting prices to gouge tourists and A few deaths is hardly going to stop the pilgrims. ... Orlando drive for bigger and Salvio, a waiter at a bigger profits. Sorry restaurant near St Peter's. about your mother, by said businesses are eager the way. to cash in. 'Here everyone is happy - they're sad in a way, but happy in another,' he said. 'Obviously, the business owners are the happy one'" fahoo Ne<s The only cure for (4 April). A papal death can the capitalist headache be good business for some.

7y I;@@

PSSS 00Rg Z25^ Pu9lished and printed 9y the +ocialist Party of Lreat $ritainW `\ (lapham )i?h +treetW /ondon +Ba _!'