PhD Graduation - 13 December 2021 at 09:30

Monday, 13 December 2021 09:30

Examinations and Graduation Office

2nd Floor, Room 2021, Solomon Mahlangu House Tel: 011 717 1280/1 www.wits.ac.za/graduations

A MESSAGE TO GRADUATES FROM THE CHANCELLOR

Congratulations to all the graduands! I know it takes hard work and focus to reach this point. I also know that you could not have achieved this on your own. So as I congratulate you, I also congratulate your parents and guardians for not only supporting you, but for creating an environment that allowed you to dream and achieve your dreams. Thank you to the lecturers who contributed to your success.

Well done.

May this be the beginning of a life of continuous learning, investing in yourself, and investing in the communities that nurtured you. Nurture the relationships that you’ve formed and those that you will form as you journey through life. Umuntu umuntu ngabantu. Life is about collaboration with others.

Dream big, act consistently with integrity, self-respect and respect for others, and the universe will conspire to make you achieve your dream. A positive attitude and hard work will bring you closer to your dream. Use others’ successes as your inspiration. Wits is full of those, from Nobel Prize Laureates to world leaders in different fields of society.

You have received a world class education. Use it to make a difference in other people’s lives. Especially those that are less fortunate than yourself. We are a country with many needs, identify a role you can play to make a positive difference; you owe it to this country and people that invested in you.

Find your Purpose and Live it. Help Africa Rise!

Dr Judy Dlamini Chancellor Wits University

There is no limit to what you can achieve, if you put your mind and your best effort into it!

A MESSAGE TO GRADUATES FROM THE VICE-CHANCELLOR AND PRINCIPAL

Dear Wits Graduate Congratulations on successfully completing your academic programme at Wits, the premier university in Africa.

You are now a member of an elite group of graduates of this august institution. Our more than 200 000 alumni are at the cutting edge of excellence, both locally and internationally in business, the public sector, the academy, and civil society.

Today, you become a member of that illustrious community.

Over the past 99 years, Wits has grown into one of the leading universities on the continent and a globally respected institution for its teaching and learning, knowledge creation and generation, and social impact. It has shaped the lives of many and changed society for good. You are now an integral part of this proud and enduring legacy.

Wits is renowned for its intellectual leadership and for nurturing critical thinkers, creative innovators, problem-posers and problem solvers. Your success has furthered our commitment to equipping the next generation of leaders with the skills and determination that you will need to find innovative and sustainable solutions to the pressing problems of the 21st Century.

As a Wits graduate, you had access to an exceptional educational experience. You have been exposed to a world-class academic and research programme and a vibrant community that makes you a true global citizen. You have been part of an institution that generates cutting-edge knowledge and innovation for South Africa and the world. It is now time for you to step into the world and use that experience, for good.

We know that you will enter the next stage of your journey with the determination to build a better society tomorrow. I want to encourage you to remain a part of the Wits family by participating in our alumni programme and by further advancing the reputation of your alma mater.

Best wishes for the next steps of your journey.

Professor Zeblon Vilakazi Vice-Chancellor and Principal Wits University

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MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF CONVOCATION There are a few defining moments in life – and it is without doubt that a PhD graduation is one of them!

As you leave this graduation hall, you leave with the prestigious honour of a grand title from one of the top universities on the African continent.

Today, you enter into a world of limitless possibilities, accessible only to a select group of people who have lived our University’s motto: “Scientia et Labore” (“through knowledge and work”).

May you meet all the challenges and opportunities that await with drive, pride, passion, innovation and positive-purpose.

While some of you are first time graduates of this university and others have already obtained degree’s from Wits – this PhD cohort are united forever in association with a special group of individuals: the Convocation of Wits University. Convocation represents all the degreed graduates of Wits and forms a vital link between the University and the global community in which it operates. Membership to Convocation is free and serves as an official channel, allowing you, the members, to convey to the University management your views about the University. This membership comes with several unique privileges, which include nominating the Chancellor of the University. The Convocation has two executive members on the Wits Council and maintains other regular contact with the University, especially with the Alumni Relations Office, in order to ensure the voice of the Convocation is represented within The University.

There are now over 200 000 Wits alumni worldwide. Proudly diverse as we are, our shared experiences and memories of studying at Wits make for a very strong network indeed. So, in addition to congratulating you on your graduation, let me also welcome you to your lifelong relationship with Wits.

The distinction of our university is important to the prestige of our collective qualifications.

We call upon you to nurture and enhance the value of the asset you have now acquired by promoting Wits’ image, preserving our values and contributing towards our ongoing development, ensuring that we grow in stature as a globally competitive, proudly South African institution of higher learning.

Please connect and engage with us via Wits’ multiple social media channels, or feel free to reach out to us via convocation@wits.ac.za I would like to extend a warm welcome to you – you are now a Witsie for life!

Stacey-Lee Bolon President of Convocation Wits University

Convocation is a statutory body that includes all graduates of the University. Convocation is the largest constituency of the University (since the founding of the University in 1922, graduates number over 200 000). Its statutory mandate is to “… discuss and state its opinion upon any matters relating to the University including matters referred to it by the Council” and allows for the views of graduates to be represented at the highest levels of governance of the University.

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ORDER OF PROCEDURE Monday, 13 December 2021 | 09:30 The audience will rise as the academic procession enters the hall and will remain standing until the Chancellor is in place The Chancellor will constitute the congregation The Chancellor will welcome the graduands Address to the congregation Conferment of degrees The President of Convocation will address the graduates The Chancellor will dissolve the congregation The audience will stand while Ihele is played Members of the audience are requested to stand while the academic procession leaves the hall and not to leave the hall before the end of the ceremony.

IMPORTANT NOTICE In the event of load-shedding or power cuts, the Great Hall may become totally dark until the generator comes into operation.

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FACULTY OF COMMERCE, LAW AND MANAGEMENT DEAN: PROFESSOR I VALODIA BCom (Unisa) BCom Hons (Natal) MSc (Lancaster) DEcon (KwaZulu-Natal)

Doctor of Philosophy ALOVOKPINHOU, Sedjro Aaron Economics THESIS: Inventory dynamics, asset prices and business cycles This thesis provides both empirical and theoretical justifications for the sign puzzle.

Furthermore, the thesis shows that inventories can be used as a smoothing device in the New-Keynesian model. In addition, the thesis shows that inventories amplify the response of asset prices to monetary policy shocks.

Supervisors: Dr T Mokoka and Professor C Malikane CHAZUZA, Richard Gwauza Graduate School of Business Administration THESIS: The Adaptation of Mumvuri (the Shadow on the Corpse Belief System) for Change Management in Corporate Organisations The candidate conceptualised change management in corporate organisations from an Afrocentric cultural perspective. Proudly African, the Mumvuri Change Management Framework is an indigenous contribution to global change management research.

Supervisor: Dr C Maier CHITONDO, Moreblessing Margaret Graduate School of Business Administration THESIS: A theory of virtual culture formation The study proposed a grounded theory of culture formation in virtual organisations.

The theory revealed how traditional culture formation mechanisms are modified by the construct of virtuality and offers guidance to leaders for maintaining interpersonal relationships and organisational effectiveness as culture evolves in a spatially and geographically diverse context.

Supervisor: Dr T Carmichael CHUMA, Maxwell

Law THESIS: Reframing artisanal and small-scale gold mining as a livelihood strategy and the role of law in constituting livelihood assets For a thesis which shows that artisanal and small-scale gold mining, as a sustainable livelihood strategy in South Africa, has socioeconomic dynamics requiring solutions from all stakeholders to inform possible development of a regulatory framework to deal with associated ASGM characteristics.

Supervisor: Professor T Field

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JOHN-ONUOHA, Emmanuel Ifeanyichukwu Wits School of Governance THESIS: Ethnoreligious identity and infrastructure distribution in South-East Nigeria Secessionist impulses threaten national unity in Nigeria. The candidate argues that the state of infrastructure deficit in South-East Nigeria is not only because of deep-rooted ethnoreligious identity politics but also because of ethnoreligious disloyalty in SouthEast Nigeria. The thesis uses a case study of the Oji River power plant to demonstrate how ethnoreligious groups in South-East Nigeria adopt exclusionary patterns. The instrumentalist approach was used to explore how ethnoreligious identity influences the distribution of infrastructure in South-East Nigeria.

Supervisor: Dr D Miller KOTONYA, Anne Emily Adhiambo

Law THESIS: Enhancing access to justice in Kenya through clinical legal education This thesis approaches the social justice mission of Clinical Legal Education (CLE) as a means to align legal education with transformative constitutional frameworks.

It explores the interface between access to justice and legal education in Kenya by analysing data that is purposively collected from university law clinics. It thereby capitalises on clinics to foster transformative legal education.

Supervisor: Professor M Du Plessis LYIMO, Anna Gustav Graduate School of Business Administration THESIS: Financial system stability in the East African Community (EAC): prospects and constraints This thesis examines EAC’s financial system stability during 2000-2018. Results show that: Credit risk is one of the significant drivers of financial system stability - responsive to macroeconomic and macro-financial variables; banks’ interconnectedness has increased, especially during downturns - portending potential systemic risk build-up.

Fundamentally, the EAC should monitor credit expansion and ensure it is regularly consistent with economic and market realities.

Supervisor: Professor K Ojah MASIA, Mamello Patricia

Business Science THESIS: An exploratory evaluation of human resource analytics as a strategic human resource competency The study developed a conceptual model and employed structural equation modeling to analyse 585 data set collected from participants globally. Findings indicated that High Leverage Training significantly influenced HR analytics competency embeddedness, and that embeddedness of HR analytics competency resulted in a positive and significant improvement in the performance of HR professionals and Return on Investment in HR technology.

Supervisor: Professor O Samuel MASIAPATO, Nakampe Michael Wits School of Governance THESIS: Deriving the ideal citizen-based participatory monitoring model for empowering dormant communities in Vhembe District Municipality Empowering citizens and encouraging their participation in development initiatives is desirable and pragmatic. However, how we should do this is absent. Absence of a model to guide citizen participation perpetuates disempowerment of dormant community members. In this thesis, using Vhembe District Municipality as a case, the 6

candidate derives a citizen-based tool for monitoring participation and empowerment of dormant communities. Initial tests, show that the model has potential to improve participation, contribution, and confidence of dormant community members and increases opportunities for addressing their needs.

Supervisor: Dr K Wotela MODIHA, Pulane Graduate School of Business Administration THESIS: The underrepresentation of women in executive management positions in the South African banking sector The study focuses on the interplay between first line roles, career progression and gender equality within the South African banking sector; exploring factors that contribute towards continued women’s under representation in executive management positions. A significant contribution was made by developing a framework on internal and external factors women should consider in their career progression. This framework can also be used by executive management, human capital specialists and regulators in advancing their gender equality initiatives.

Supervisor: Dr R Horne MOGOTSI, Belinda Keratiloe Sishoma Graduate School of Business Administration THESIS: Philanthropy and lean thinking in response to disasters in Southern Africa The study explored lean principles and their benefits in organising philanthropy during disaster response in Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Through a mixed-methods approach with 212 surveys and 23 in-depth interviews, the study found that lean thinking tools such as visual management and kaizen events are statistically significant in a non-profit context to reduce waste and maximise value to the communities served during disaster response. With the increasing prevalence of disasters, the study contributes towards building efficient disaster resilience.

Supervisors: Professor P Alagidede and Dr F Saruchera MUDAU, Thanyani Norman Accountancy THESIS: The use and impact of Business Intelligence (BI) systems in management accounting: an empirical study in the South African context The candidate’s thesis investigates Business Intelligence (BI) systems in the management accounting context. The thesis uses cross-sectional and three wave panel data to examine the impact of system use on job performance of management accountants.

Moreover, the thesis examined impacts on management control systems and performance of South African firms. The work contributes insights on how to extend users from routine to innovative use and highlights the role management control systems play in translating BI into financial and non-financial performance outcomes.

Supervisors: Professor J Cohen and Professor E Papageorgiou NDEBELE, Godfrey Nhlanhla Graduate School of Business Administration THESIS: Mechanisms to generate Sustainable Development through Multilateral Lending: a study of the BRICS New Development Bank The NDB employs a Country-ownership Programme to generate and implement sustainable development to challenge Structural Adjustment Programmes in BRICS economies. The study adopted an Institutionalised Political Economy approach as an analytical framework to define a paradigm shift on multilateral lending. Essentially, the

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study employed Jennifer Attridge-Sterling’s Thematic Networks Analysis to interpret data through participatory processes to derive results. Significantly, the study presents a new concept of multilateral lending, a multilateral lending ecosystem, as well as mechanisms to develop a systematic perspective to multilateral lending application.

Supervisor: Dr R Horne NELUFULE, Livhuwani Irene Wits School of Governance THESIS: Knowledge Management design and implementation in two Government Departments in South Africa This thesis critically considers how knowledge management is implemented in two state departments in South Africa. While the mere presence of a knowledge management system is seen to be important to the state, the valuing, sharing preservation and reproduction of institutional and political knowledge actually is not dependent on the techno centric system. The propensity of bureaucrats to share and reproduce the kinds of knowledge useful in the political and institutional context, is rooted in politics of hierarchical bureaucracy.

Supervisors: Dr C Abrahams and Dr G Godsell NGUEMA BEKALE, Audrey Graduate School of Business Administration THESIS: Studies on derivatives usage in the banking industry: evidence from selected African economies The thesis examined the influence of derivatives use on bank efficiency and systemic risk in Africa. The results demonstrates the inefficient lending capacity of banks, herding and diluted systemic risk formation under market segmentation. This work advances reliable market-based mechanisms for improved economic prospects and strengthened financial stability conditions in developing economies.

Supervisors: Dr J Mensah and Professor P Alagidede NJAU, Daniel Kungu

Business Finance THESIS: Earnings management and firm performance of seasoned equity offerings in select African securities markets Globally, investors anchor their decisions on the information presented in financial statements. The evidence from this study suggests that managers manipulate statements within the confines of acceptable standards: through Earnings Management (EM). Accordingly, the study, illustrates that the practice is pervasive, with imminent loss of shareholder value. Investors should therefore exercise reasonable prudence when making investment decisions.

Supervisor: Professor C Chipeta NJENGE, Yandisa Lusapho Graduate School of Business Administration THESIS: Influence of external funders on social enterprise business models: a causationeffectuation exploratory study This thesis explores how external funders influence the implementation of business models in the social enterprises that they fund. Results show that social enterprises in resource-constrained environments are more structured or causal in how they implement their business models compared to the general view that they are predominantly effectual in behavior. External funders therefore have little influence on the business model implementation as it is line with their structured or causal thinking.

Supervisor: Dr T Carmichael 8

NKUNZI, Sibulele

DevT & Po THESIS: Is Ethiopia a developmental state? an enquiry into the emergence of domestic capital in complex industrial sectors This thesis focuses on the second phase of Ethiopian industrial policy and its aims of developing advanced manufacturing capacity through learning-by-doing. Through a political economy lens, the study locates the Ethiopian state as an exemplary case of the 21st century in its attempts to bridge the continental-wide gap in developing an indigenous productive capitalist class by using state and military capital to form strategic links with foreign and domestic companies for technology transfer and capability building.

Supervisor: Dr N Pons-Vignon OMO-OBAS, Promise

Marketing THESIS: Cognitive - affective - motivation factors influencing international visitors loyalty to South Africa This study presents an understanding of predictors of destination attractiveness, and how generational cohorts explain tourists satisfaction, trust and attachment with South Africa as the destination. It shares great insights on how international tourists could be attracted to destinations with due cogniscience of generational differences of tourists.

Supervisor: Professor T Anning PILLAY, Vanishree Graduate School of Business Administration THESIS: Bicultural life experiences and career orientation of South Africa Indian Women Engineers This qualitative study explored the bicultural life experiences and career orientation of twenty-five South African Indian female engineers. Findings revealed family support, coupled with transformed application of Indian androcentric cultural value system within the home, positively influenced participants socialisation and decision-making.

Limited organisational support evidenced perceptions and bias about women in the profession strongly premised on gender identity, as opposed to race. The study makes a contribution on biculturalism and the experiences of ethnic minority women.

Supervisors: Dr J Gobind and Dr Z Ndaba POINTER, Rebecca Wits School of Governance THESIS: Political communication in three inner city Johannesburg CBOs This study set out to establish how two Community-Based Organisations (CBOs) in inner city Johannesburg used communication to build political power in their political networks. Previous South African studies demonstrated that CBOs make tremendous effort to communicate before they protest, but none of them looked in depth at what those communication efforts consist of. This innovative study brings to light new insights into how political communication is undertaken, and the extent to which that communication shifts power, using the concept of assemblage.

Supervisor: Dr D Miller

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POWER, Elizabeth Christine

Law THESIS: Giving effect to the right to participatory democracy in the area of socioeconomic rights This thesis examines how the public’s right to participatory democracy can be employed to enhance the delivery of socio-economic rights, focusing on the constitutional obligation to involve the public in legislative processes, the meaningful engagement mechanism developed by the Constitutional Court and mechanisms for community participation under local government legislation.

Supervisor: Professor M Pieterse PWAKA, Oliver Business Sciences (Management) THESIS: Sources and outcomes of grocery retailer brand equity: a study towards a unified brand equity model in the South African grocery industry Woolworths consistently ranks as top South-African retailer brand. Five models were integrated to develop a unified grocery retailer equity model to examine sources and customer-based outcomes of Woolworths’ brand equity. Data quantitatively collected from 480 Woolworths’ customers was analysed with SMARTPLS-Structural Equation Modelling. Varied band-related and retailer-related brand equity sources were found. The tested unified model explained 60.3% of brand loyalty, 61.1% of brand equity, 71.7% of brand preference and 54.2% of repurchase intention. Theoretical and practical contributions are made.

Supervisor: Professor H Duh RAWHANI, Carmel Wits School of Governance THESIS: Questioning (potential) Inclusivity in post-apartheid Johannesburg’s public space Studying this topic through the grounded theory methodology this thesis offers a new conceptual construct for planners: the spatialised public. The thesis argues that policies tend to under-appreciate the social quality of space and cannot effectively create normative urban transformation (inclusivity). Indeed inclusivity norms established at national level may actually tend to subvert cohesion, equity and social solidarity at the local level.

Supervisor: Dr C Abrahams and Dr J Cane OKOFU, Sebastina Nkechi

Marketing THESIS: Virtual airtime purchase in Nigeria: consumer attitude, behaviour and continuous usage This study investigates the nuances of adoption of e-commerce by identifying factors slowing and/or promoting virtual airtime purchase, intention and continuous use. The study offers an integrated framework to explain the end-to-end nuances of mobile commerce adoption in Africa’s largest country and economy.

Supervisor: Dr T Anning

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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEAN: PROFESSOR T MAJOZI BScEng(UND) MScEng(UND) PhD (UMIST) CEng PrEng FIChemE FAAS MASSAf FWISA FSAAE

Doctor of Philosophy ATKINS, Michael David School of Mechanical,

Industrial and Aeronautical Engineering THESIS: Enhanced cooling performance of a ventilated brake disc Overheating brake discs can lead to fatal accidents. For the first time, local internal temperatures, convective heat transfer distributions and flow characteristics within the rotating ventilated channel of brake discs were experimentally measured. The understanding from these measurements will lead to improved brake disc designs.

Supervisors: Professor FW Kienhofer and Professor T Kim BONSU, Jude Kwaku School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering THESIS: Optimum flowsheet synthesis for the integrated gasification combine cycle using mathematical modelling In this study, a novel technique for the optimization of the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) was presented. The objective of this study was to simultaneously determine the optimal gasifier design as well as the optimal flowsheet for the gas-side of IGCC process. This study makes a contribution to the clean coal technology.

Supervisor: Professor T Majozi CHIWAYE, Natsayi School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering THESIS: Techno -economic evaluation of membrane system for CO2 capture from a coal fired power plant In this study, a framework was developed for automated process design and optimisation of carbon capture from the flue gas produced at coal-fired power plants.

The objective of the developed models was to simultaneously minimise the energy, the membrane area and the cost for CO2 capture. The study makes a contribution to a more affordable carbon capture system by membrane technology.

Supervisors: Professor M Daramola and Professor T Majozi JAVANI, Blessing School of Mechanical, Industrial and Aeronautical Engineering THESIS: Strategic Management Process through Project Management as a vehicle This thesis pioneers the modelling and testing of the empirical relationship for strategy formulation and implementation as a continuous process with project management approach as a vehicle. This is a major shift in perspective from discrete to continuous for the first time. Valuable Insight is gained of a novel continuous process with promise for enhanced success.

Supervisor: Professor B Emwanu 11

LEEUW, Paseka Johannes Katleho School of Mining Engineering THESIS: Determination of employment estimator formula in upstream industries due to mining technology in South Africa.

The candidate developed an “employment estimator formula” that relates the creation of employment opportunities as a result of domestic demand for goods and services by the mining industry. This formula is applicable only to mining contractors and engineering services companies. The candidate concluded that stochastic equations provide a realistic estimation of induced employment opportunities.

Supervisor: Professor H Mtegha LLALE, Josephine School of Construction Economics and Management THESIS: Future scenarios for the quantity surveying profession: adaptation to sociotechnical change This thesis applied Geels’ Multi-Level Perspective (MLP), a theory primarily used to understand historical change in industry sectors, as a forward-looking framework to analyse possible future change in the construction sector, and combined this with scenario planning techniques using data from semi-structured interviews, workshops and focus groups, to generate four scenarios to assist the quantity surveying profession’s future development in South Africa.

Supervisors: Professor D Root and Dr T Wembe MANDA, Prinisha School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering THESIS: A comparative study between proposed hybrid and known decline curve models and financial impacts The research assessed present-day decline curve models used in shale gas prediction and based on the findings, a hybrid model was developed and proposed. The results concluded good prediction potential of the developed hybrid model. Subsequently, the financial impact was calculated to determine the benefits in shale gas extraction using the hybrid model.

Supervisor: Professor D Nkazi MATJEKE, Velaphi Jeffrey School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering THESIS: The optimisation of the properties of high-strength spring steels for railway application The research investigated the failure of heavy-duty locomotive springs and the scarcity of material and a new design and heat treatment procedure was developed for local steel grades by determining optimal mechanical properties.

Supervisors: Professor T Majozi and Professor J van der Merwe MAYSON, Simon Sizwe School of Architecture and Planning THESIS: Enabling a wellbeing economy in Eastern neighbourhoods of inner-city Johannesburg This thesis explores the potential of changemakers to collaborate toward a more just urban future. The 2-year action research in Bertrams supported transformative social innovation towards a wellbeing economy, in which social and environmental goals were prioritised over profit. The thesis found that enabling a pragmatic, partnership approach requires hybridity and compromise.

Supervisors: Professor M Huchzermeyer and Associate Professor S Charlton

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MOLAUDZI, Vusani Theodore School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering THESIS: Analysis of microbial fuel cells for the treatment of selected industrial wastewater effluents (domestic and brewery) and generation of electricity The study focused on the development of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) for wastewater remediation in South Africa in terms of treatment efficiency (COD removal) while collecting electricity. The candidate was able to assess the technical feasibility of harvesting bio-electricity from industrial wastewaters, as well as the effects of key parameters such as biofilm growth rate, substrate dilution, and catalyst addition on COD removal efficiency and electricity generation in open and closed circuit MFCs. Supervisor: Professor J Mulopo MOLOBI, Emma School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering THESIS: Laser engineered net shaping technology to manufacture tungsten carbide in a steel binder Additive manufacturing of tungsten carbide-iron chromium hardmetals was undertaken. Continuous refinement of the deposition parameters using mathematical analyses led to determination of the optimal manufacturing parameters. Different crack restraining methods were investigated to limit cracking during production.

Microstructure development was linked to manufacturing dynamics. Rotary burr prototypes were manufactured, and field tested to remove welds.

Supervisors: Professor N Sacks and Professor J van der Merwe MUTEZO, Gamuchirai Thelma School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering THESIS: Integrating energy from waste in rapidly urbanising African cities: a circular economy case for bigas initiatives The study looked into whether circular economy ideas may be used to integrate anaerobic digestion technologies into African cities for energy production. The multidisciplinary study focused on three African megacities: Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), Accra (Ghana), and Johannesburg (South Africa). The knowledge contribution of the study is a conceptual approach to Urban Energy Planning and an Urban Biogas Model that African metropolitan municipalities can deploy to identify value leakages.

This study demonstrated that it is possible to increase decentralized energy availability while also improving organic waste management in a circular manner.

Supervisor: Professor L Mulopo RADEMEYER, Maryke Carleen School of Mining Engineering THESIS: Structural changes in seaborne coal markets and a modelled response of economic implications for the South African coal industry The candidate investigated production economics, coal trade and marketing to determine the effects of declining export profitability on South African coal production. A production function capturing the economies of scale and the leadtime in mining project investment are integrated into a model of cash-flows over the life of a coal mining project. Declines in coals exports would lead to mine closures, reduction in supply to local power stations, decline in employment and South Africa’s energy security.

Supervisors: Professor R Falcon and Professor R Minnitt

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SMIT, Teubes Christiaan School of Mechanical,

Industrial and Aeronautical Engineering THESIS: Extension of the Incremental Hole-Drilling Technique for Residual Stress Measurement Incremental hole-drilling is a very widely used residual-stress measurement technique. For the past forty years, one of the possible methods to process results, series expansion, has been neglected because of concerns around its stability.

The candidate demonstrated, however, that this approach is indeed stable, and can even incorporate data from other experimental approaches. Furthermore, he extended the applicability of the conventional analysis approach by applying Tikhonov regularization to orthotropic materials.

Supervisor: Professor R Reid SUMBO, Dennis Kamaanaa School of Architecture and Planning THESIS: Peri-Urbanisation and changing usufruct rights in customary land in Ghana: case studies in Kumasi and Wa This thesis examines changes in indigene land rights in opposing traditional contexts, one where chiefs and one where families control land. Through in-depth interviews, the thesis finds that the emergence of monetary value in land during peri-urban expansion has different implications across the two cities, requiring differentiated policy to ensure sustainability of livelihoods.

Supervisors: Professor D Inkoom, Professor M Huchzermeyer and Professor P Misselwitz THOLANA, Tinashe School of Mining Engineering THESIS: Generation of probabilistic stopes using Monte-Carlo simulation of block economic values for use in mine planning under uncertainty Uncertainty is inherent in mine design and planning and introduces risk into the process.

However, most mine design and planning practices are deterministic, including block economic value (BEV) modelling of mineral deposits, thus, leading to unrealistic mine designs and plans. To address this challenge, the student developed a probabilistic BEV calculation model that was applied to a synthetic gold deposit block model.

The probabilistic model resulted in about 35% higher economic value compared to the deterministic BEV model. Similar BEV calculation models can be applied to other mineral deposits for improved value.

Supervisor: Professor C Musingwini WATSON, Ingrid Jane School of Mining Engineering THESIS: Yesterday’s world, Tomorrow’s landscape: modelling landscape change in the Free State Goldfields, and implications for the development of resource regions A landscape biography of the Free State goldfields between 1945 and 2018 was developed. This illustrates the role of mining, alongside legislation and urban and infrastructure development, in catalysing and driving landscape change. The consequence for resources regions are significant and largely negative. Existing measures to regulate this are inadequate.

Supervisors: Dr D Limpitlaw and Dr S Merlo

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FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES DEAN: PROFESSOR SA MADHI MBBCh MMed PhD (Witwatersrand) FCPaeds(SA)

Doctor of Medicine GOLDSTEIN, Lara Nicole Emergency Medicine THESIS: An assessment of the time saving and economic impact of upfront point of care testing in the emergency department Optimising the functionality of the Emergency Department to enable the provision of timeous care is critical to saving lives and preventing patient morbidity. This thesis incorporated a prospective, randomised, controlled trial and a survey which demonstrated that upfront point-of-care testing within the Emergency Department, i.e., performing diagnostic testing prior to patients receiving their initial doctor evaluation, had the potential to cost-effectively save time by expediting patient throughput.

Supervisor: Professor C Feldman KONG, Victor Yeewai

Surgery THESIS: The spectrum and clinical outcome of civilian cerebral gunshot wounds at a major trauma centre in South Africa Cerebral GSWs are common in South Africa. Rural patients having disproportionately higher mortality than their urban counterparts. Relevant prediction scores based on simple clinical parameters that are readily available in the resuscitation room, as well as a raised serum lactate level are accurate in predicting non-survivors. Concomitant cervical spine injury in is extremely rare and routine immobilisation is unnecessary.

Efforts should therefore rather be directed at management strategies aiming to prevent secondary brain injury in order to optimise clinical outcome.

Supervisor: Professor D Clarke Doctor of Philosophy ABDU, Aliyu

Internal Medicine THESIS: Prevalence, histological patterns and genetic variations of chronic kidney disease among HIV infected patients in Kano, Nigeria This project determined the prevalence, histological patterns and outcomes of chronic kidney disease (CKD), as well as the frequencies of APOL1 high risk genotypes in a cohort of HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy naïve patients in Kano, Nigeria. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) were the commonest histologies. Older age, CD4 count <200 cells/mL, body mass index and use of traditional medications were independently associated with CKD. APOL 1 high risk genotypes were associated with higher odds for HIVAN and FSGS. Supervisors: Associate Professor R Duarte and Professor S Naicker 15

ADEBESIN, Abduljalil Adetola Anatomical Sciences THESIS: Assessment of the dental eruption sequence and growth of the long bones in black Southern African Children For the general assessment of growth, individual weight and/or height are the primary tools employed worldwide. In this research, the use of more precise indicators of development based on long bone growth and tooth formation, as practised in human biology and forensic anthropology, was investigated for African-ancestry children from premature birth to 5 years. The study found lower variability in tooth development compared to limb bone dimensions and provided new reference values for age estimation of South African children.

Supervisors: Professor L Schepartz and Dr T Jashashvili BOTES, Meghan Lavina

Nursing Education THESIS: Strengthening the Emergency Care System at a Primary Health Care level using a framework for policy analysis This study focused on evaluating emergency care in the Primary Health Care system to develop recommendations for strengthening emergency care at this level. Using a framework for policy analysis data were collected from various stakeholders including a document analysis of relevant health policy. Strengths and challenges within the system of care were described. The findings highlighted the need for a national plan for emergency care and the need for its improvement to become a national priority.

Supervisors: Adjunct Professor R Cooke and Professor J Bruce CASSIM, Naseem Haematology and Molecular Medicine THESIS: A retrospective analysis of laboratory data to identify clinical practice trends in prostate cancer screening and diagnosis by level of care in the Gauteng province between 2006 and 2016 This study used National Health Laboratory Service data to describe first-ever prostate specific antigen testing and the histological diagnosis of prostate cancer. The study showed that the age-standardised incidence rate increased in the Gauteng province from 44.9 in 2006 to 57.3 by 2016 per 100,000 population. Black Africans were significantly more likely to present with high-risk prostate cancer compared to other racial groups. The researcher automated the extraction of information from narrative reports for routine national cancer registry surveillance.

Supervisors: Professor J George and Professor D Glencross CHRYSOSTOMOU, Andreas Obstetrics & Gynaecology THESIS: The preferred route of hysterectomy in women without utero-vaginal prolapse in a poorly resourced setting In an era where vaginal hysterectomy is deemed superior to the traditional approaches of either an abdominal or laparoscopic hysterectomy procedure, women are still being denied this essential approach. The essential elements of this work is to highlight and inform with clear institutional guidelines, training and teaching, a standardised approach to the technique of vaginal hysterectomy. At the institution where this technique was developed, fifty percent of hysterectomies are now done using this technique. The implication of such surgery has benefits for women from a surgical perspective not only in our setting but nationally and worldwide. This work is relevant in low-resource countries as it offers cost saving benefits to public health facilities and hospitals in general.

Supervisors: Dr W Edridge and Professor B Van Herendael 16

DAWOOD, Muhammad Aatif Physiotherapy THESIS: Shoulder pain in amateur fast bowlers: incidence, associated factors and prevention The broad aim of the study was to develop, and determine the effectiveness of a shoulder-impairment exercise programme to address the biomechanical factors contributing to shoulder pain in amateur fast bowlers. It was also to determine, the incidence of shoulder pain in amateur fast bowlers and its associated factors.

Three objectives were identified and the corresponding studies were executed chronologically. A shoulder-impairment exercise programme was developed and proven effective in addressing the biomechanical factors associated to shoulder pain.

Supervisor: Professor B Olivier and Dr ME Cochrane DAWSON, Jessica

Human Genetics THESIS: Investigating allele sequence diversity at the Huntington disease loci HTT and JPH3 in African ancestry individuals This study explored the unique aspects of the molecular basis of Huntington disease and Huntington disease-like 2 in an understudied population. The results revealed an increased amount of sequence diversity, novel likely African-specific alleles and genetic modifiers of disease. That has provided a different perspective of disease and highlighted genetic differences between diseases that are clinically indistinguishable.

This study has also demonstrated the importance of studying disease in genetically diverse populations and the development of African inclusive therapeutic approaches.

Supervisors: Dr F Baine-Savanhu, Professor A Krause and Professor D Monckton DEEGBE, David Atsu

Nursing Education THESIS: Development and Validation of a Quality-of-Life Questionnaire for people living with Epilepsy in Ghana This study conducted a sequential multimethod study to develop and validate a socio-cultural sensitive Quality-of-Life Questionnaire for people living with epilepsy in Ghana (QOLIE-GH). The developed QOLIE-GH will enhance assessment and provide indices that will inform interventions to promote the quality of life of people living with epilepsy.

Supervisors: Dr A Tshabalala and Associate Professor J Casteleijn FABIAN, June

Public Health THESIS: Prevalence and characterisation of chronic kidney disease in a rural setting in South Africa This study was nested in a rural South African community. It showed that kidney disease was associated with high blood pressure, diabetes, HIV, and variants of the gene, apolipoprotein L1, which encodes a protein protecting against sleeping sickness. With colleagues from Malawi and Uganda, the researcher showed that methods used to assess kidney function underestimate the true prevalence of kidney disease in SubSaharan Africa, impacting individual care and public health screening aimed at early detection and treatment of kidney disease.

Supervisors: Professor S Naicker, Dr A Wade and Professor J George

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FAGBOHUN, Temitope Richard

Physiology THESIS: Development of a neuropathic pain screening tool in isiZulu A systematic review was performed on translated versions of neuropathic pain screening tools (DN4, LANSS, and PDQ). Furthermore, this study created a new tool in African language (IsiZulu) to discriminate neuropathic pain from non-neuropathic pain characteristics among the isiZulu speaking pain patients in South Africa. This tool is essential for proper diagnosis and management of neuropathic pain by the clinicians and will further enhance epidemiological data available for future scientific research in pain.

Supervisors: Professor S Chetty, Dr A Wadley, Professor W Daniels and Professor P Kamerman FINDA, Marceline Francis

Public Health THESIS: Awareness and acceptance of alternative interventions for malaria control among stakeholders in Tanzania: a community engagement process Novel alternative interventions are needed to supplement current tools in order to speed up malaria control and elimination efforts. This thesis used a sequential mixedmethods approach to assess awareness and perceptions of several alternative interventions for malaria control and elimination among key stakeholders in Tanzania, and to explore opportunities for improving malaria control and elimination efforts through stakeholder engagement.

Supervisors: Dr F Okumu and Associate Professor N Christofides IOANNIDES, Anne Elizabeth

Physiology THESIS: Long-term trends and risk factors for arthritic and low back pain, using population-based surveys from the USA The candidate studied temporal and geospatial trends in musculoskeletal pain in the United States, using freely available public health datasets. Approximately 30% of US adults had arthritic pain, and while this prevalence has remained stable for the past 23 years, the number of people afflicted has increased by 10 to 28 million as the population has grown and aged. The distribution of arthritic pain was not uniform, with Appalachia and the Mississippi Valley being arthritis hotspots (prevalences of up to 40%).

Supervisors: Dr A Wadley and Professor P Kamerman JACOVIDES, Tracy Catherine Bioethics and Health Law THESIS: The “ought” versus the “is”- The sources used by doctors for decision-making in medical quandaries Doctors make moral and ethical decisions every day in medical practice. This study sought to examine the normative sources that medical doctors refer to and use to justify their decisions when confronted with moral and ethical quandaries in the clinical context. Phase I involved the development of an analytical tool to facilitate the analysis of the data collected in Phase II. The study concluded that medical doctors experience normative uncertainty and justify their decisions on traditional values with little reference to ethical theory, professional guidelines, or the law.

Supervisors: Dr A Egan and Professor A Dhai

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JOOSTE, Nicolene Anatomical Sciences THESIS: A comparison of multifactorial statistical models for age-at-death estimation from the adult skeleton, tailored to a South African forensic context This study investigated the performance of three mathematical models when estimating age-at-death from the adult human skeleton in a South African context.

Findings indicated that the more complex, and frequently recommended, Bayesian analysis method did not outperform more user-friendly frequentist methods. This study found that more complex mathematical methods alone do not improve ageat-death estimation. Age estimation may benefit from application of a variety of mathematical models that are specifically suited to individual scenarios.

Supervisor: Professor M Steyn KAY, Patti Sheryl

Virology THESIS: Phenotypic and functional characterization of CD56bright CD16neg natural killer cell subsets within the context of influenza vaccination This study used a human influenza vaccination model to investigate the CD56brightCD16neg Natural Killer (NK) cell subset. Following vaccination, functional differences between CD56brightCD16neg NK cells with differing migration patterns were identified, as well as subphenotypes possibly associated with a trained immune response. Data suggested that CD27 may be involved in co-regulation of the NKp46 activating receptor. Postvaccination comparisons were made between NK and CD4/ CD8 T cell responses and phenotypic differences between circulating and hepatic derived CD56brightCD16neg NK cells explored.

Supervisor: Professor C Tiemessen LAHER, Abdullah Ebrahim

Critical Care THESIS: A study of HIV presentations to an Adult Emergency Department and development and validation of an outcome prediction model The study prospectively enrolled 1224 consecutive HIV-positive patients that presented to the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital Emergency Department. Five publications emanated from this project that related to the profile of patient presentation, antiretroviral therapy non-adherence, predictors of prolonged hospitalization, predictors of in-hospital mortality and the development and internal validation of the HIV In-hospital Mortality Prediction risk score. Findings of this study will be useful in guiding clinical decision-making, optimizing resources allocation, and directing patient disposition.

Supervisors: Professor F Paruk, Professor G Richards and Professor W Venter LUBYAYI, Lawrence

Public Health THESIS: Statistical modelling approaches for longitudinal multiple outcome data from immuno-epidemiological studies in Entebbe, Uganda This study adapted and applied recently developed robust statistical modelling methods in novel analyses of longitudinal immuno-epidemiological data with case studies from Entebbe, Uganda. It showed that maternal latent M.tb infection is not the reason for reduced effectiveness of BCG and that exposure to common early-life infections was associated with lower proportions of allergy-related diseases in later childhood. The statistical approaches used, including the pairwise joint modelling approach and latent class analysis, improve our understanding and interpretation of immuno-epidemiological data.

Supervisor: Professor J Levin 19

MAINA, Beatrice Waitherero Public Health THESIS: Investigating the social co-construction of masculinity (ies) and sexual development among very young male adolescents in Korogocho slum in Nairobi, Kenya This study illustrated a complex interplay between the traditional views of masculinity and boys’ conceptualisation of masculinity and implied that masculine ideologies are likely to influence sexual development at an early age. The study also highlighted the multifaceted determinants of adolescent boys’ sexual development. Importantly, the study suggested that slum environments may uniquely influence adolescent boys¿ sexual development.

Supervisors: Associate Professor Y Sikweyiya and Dr C Kabiru MAMBULU, Faith Nankasa

Public Health THESIS: The management of children with severe acute malnutrition in the North West province of South Africa This study shows on how the gaps in Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) management guidelines, contextual factors and health workforce capacity influences inconsistent implementation of guidelines within the healthcare referral system. Referral systems (consisting of community health teams, emergency services, primary health facilities and district hospitals) were used in two subdistricts as case studies. Curative guidelines for emergency and community referral levels, restructuring of therapeutic food policies, regulating supervision and continuous skill development are recommended to strengthen SAM management within referral systems.

Supervisors: Dr P Ditlopo, Dr W Slemming and Professor J Eyles MATHEW, Jenny Mary

Human Genetics THESIS: Identification of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and their functional impact on ADME genes A bioinformatic pipeline was developed that identifies tissue-specific eQTLs. eQTLs are genetic variants that are involved in the regulation of ¬¬gene expression. This study focused on identifying eQTLs of ADME genes. This helps to predict the clinical effectiveness of drug therapy in individuals as polymorphisms in ADME genes cause inter-individual variation in drug response, drug efficacy or adverse drug effects caused by drug toxicity.

Supervisors: Professor D Mavri-Damelin and Professor M Ramsay MATOVU, Flavia Kiweewa

Public Health THESIS: Bone mineral density in a cohort of young adult women using Depo-Provera and tenofovir, Kampala, Uganda This thesis provides the first evidence in a longitudinal controlled study that concurrent use of 3-monthly injectable contraceptive Depo-Provera and antiretroviral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in young adult women with HIV is detrimental to bone health.

The use of both Depo-Provera and TDF resulted in a doubling of bone loss compared to use of TDF alone. These findings underscore the need for HIV treatment choices that balance optimal efficacy with improved long-term bone health for women with HIV. Supervisors: Professor M Beksinska and Profesor J Pettifor

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MNYANDU, Njabulo Ziphezinhle Haematology and Molecular Medicine THESIS: Long term assessment of HBV replication inhibition by an ancestral AAV vector (Anc80L65) carrying primary microRNAs Despite the availability of an effective vaccine against Hepatitis B virus (HBV), globally, chronic infection with HBV claims approximately 900 000 lives a year. This study used a gene therapy approach and produced anti-HBV synthetic Adeno-associated viral vectors. In mice these vectors diminished HBV replication markers without any obvious adverse effects. These anti-HBV effects were sustained for a year-long, representing a significant milestone towards the discovery of a novel HBV infection therapy.

Supervisors: Dr B Mowa and Professor P Arbuthnot MOLOPYANE, Keneiloe Anatomical Sciences THESIS: Patterns of antemortem skeletal trauma in 20th Century South African cadaveric populations: an analysis of secular trends in trauma expression This thesis reports on the trends and patterns of healed bone fractures observed from a skeletal cadaveric population. Cadaveric skeletons of two population groups from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Modern Cadaveric Human Skeletons were assessed for bone trauma that would highlight the lived experience within the city of Johannesburg during the 20th century. As an analytical tool, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was incorporated in the study to create maps of trauma to visualise the patterns of injury on the skeletons analysed.

Supervisors: Associate Professor P Randolph-Quinney, Dr S Merlo and Professor A Morris MOYO, Faith

Public Health THESIS: A national-level evaluation of viral load outcomes of HIV-Infected pregnant women: closing the gaps towards eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV in South Africa Ending paediatric HIV is a priority for South Africa. This study examined virologic control among pregnant women living with HIV (pWLHIV) in the public-health sector.

The researcher utilized innovative techniques leveraging on routine laboratory data to create a national cohort of pWLHIV. The researrcher provides baseline data for maternal virologic control nationally, and has informed the development of routine surveillance reports for real time monitoring of maternal viral loads from routine laboratory data to guide national HIV policy.

Supervisors: Dr T Kufa-Chakezha and Professor G Sherman NACHINAB, Gilbert Ti-Enkawol Nursing Education THESIS: Developing a framework for clinical education programme of undergraduate nursing students in Ghana This four-phase multimethod study designed a framework for clinical nursing education.

The framework was designed to manage the identified needs in the programme which included structure, process and outcomes needs. Specific guidance is provided on communication and collaboration, clinical teaching and learning, clinical supervision, clinical placement and clinical assessment. The framework was evaluated by a group of educational experts.

Supervisors: Dr SJ Armstrong and Dr H Thurling

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NAICKER, Serisha Devi Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases THESIS: Molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in South Africa Found widely in soil and other habitats, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are fungal pathogens, which cause a life-threatening meningoencephalitis among people living with HIV. This study explored the genetic diversity, antifungal susceptibility and virulence of clinical isolates of these two pathogenic Cryptococcus species-complexes from case-based surveillance in South Africa.

Supervisors: Professor N Govender and Professor W Meyer NALISA, Mwangala

Surgery THESIS: Early immune responses in acute pancreatitis and their role in predicting disease severity Identifying immune parameters for use as prognostic markers to stratify acute pancreatitis (AP) patients in the early phase is crucial for early treatment and reduced mortality. We assessed the potential of early immune markers in stratifying the three AP patient categories (mild, moderate, and severe). This first of its kind study identified Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8 and myeloperoxidase gene expression and elevation of IL-6 and their linkage to immune cell frequencies in disease severity as potential stratifiers.

Supervisors: Professor M Smith, Dr P Fru-Fonteh and Dr T Augustine NICOLAOU, Veronique Paediatrics and Child Health THESIS: The impact of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy on maternal health and outcomes This study examined the maternal cardiometabolic outcomes in a cohort of women with a prior history of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy (HFDP) versus women non-exposed to HFDP three to six years postpartum. The research found that women with HFDP progressed rapidly to type 2 diabetes and had a greater cardiovascular risk within 3 to 6 years post pregnancy. These findings point to the importance of developing timely health interventions for a condition which is aggressively fuelling the non-communicable diseases burden.

Supervisors: Professor S Norris and Professor N Levitt NTLHAKANA, Liepollo Rose Public Health THESIS: Occupational noise induced hearing loss in South African miners: risk assessment explored at a platinum mine in South Africa The study focused on risk assessment practices and a predictive model for early identification of hearing loss. Miners’ electronic audiometry records were analysed using regression models to predict noise induced hearing loss. Ethical challenges around data sharing practices for medical research were explored. This study has contributed to the fields of audiology, acoustics and medical surveillance.

Supervisors: Professor K Khoza-Shangase and Professor G Nelson NYATI, Howard Lukhanyo Paediatrics and Child Health THESIS: Factors influencing growth and body composition through early adolescence to young adulthood This thesis applied longitudinal growth curve modelling to assess the magnitude, timing and intensity of growth in height, weight and BMI during adolescence, and

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their association with early childhood growth and adult body composition. It found that a cascade of events, from rapid childhood weight gain to early onset of puberty, and faster and earlier adolescent weight gain, led to a resurgence of weight gain velocity in early adult females (18-24 years). Thus, early intervention is needed to prevent obesity Supervisors: Professor J Pettifor and Professor S Norris OBEMBE, Taiwo Akinyode

Public Health THESIS: Patterns of expenditure, coping mechanisms among urban slum dwellers admitted for emergency surgeries in Ibadan, Nigeria This prospective, mixed methods study followed up patients, slum and non-slum dwellers, who were admitted for emergency surgery in Nigeria. Catastrophic expenditure was higher in the slum dwellers but importantly some, among the few that did have health insurance, experienced catastrophic health expenditure. Covering costs relied on social networks, disposing of assets and, among slum dwellers, included missing meals and removing children from school. Many that cannot pay in-full are treated poorly and refused discharge to ensure payment. Efficient pre-payment mechanisms are urgently required.

Supervisors: Professor S Fonn and Professor J Levin OLUBAYO, Luicer Anne Ingasia Internal Medicine THESIS: Construction and functional characterization of genotype E of hepatitis B virus replication competent plasmids with endogenous promoters HBV genotype E, a major cause of liver cancer, predominates in sub-Saharan Africa.

The researcher was the first to show the localized transmission of this genotype in Africa and to generate a functional clone of its consensus sequence. This adds to the panel of HBV clones for future studies.

Supervisors: Dr C Kinge and Professor A Kramvis PEREIRA, Roberto Carlos Haematology & Molecular Medicine THESIS: Immunogenicity testing of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein complexes (Env2dCD4S60C) in Chinese Origin rhesus macaques In his thesis, the researcher described the pre-clinical development and testing of an HIV-1 vaccine candidate in a non-human primate animal model. The immunogen comprised an HIV-1 subtype C Envelope glycoprotein stabilized with a human CD4 derivative, (2dCD4S60C). A highly potent and broad neutralizing antibody response was induced in these animals following vaccination, with the responses able to neutralize a globally representative panel of HIV-1 pseudoviruses, in vitro. This thesis results are extremely promising as they pave the way for further pre-clinical testing of this vaccine candidate, which could potentially advance into human clinical trials.

Supervisors: Dr M Killick and Professor M Papathanasopoulos PHAKATHI, Boitumelo Precious

Surgery THESIS: Intrinsic subtype in HIV positive and negative patients with breast cancer This study showed that HIV positive women with breast cancer were younger and more likely to present with an advanced stage of disease than HIV negative women.

Moreover, HIV positive status was associated with poor survival. Interestingly, HIV

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infection had no impact on the pathological characteristics & PAM50-based intrinsic subtypes. HIV positive women not on ARTs at the time of breast cancer diagnosis had poor survival than those who were on ARTs. Supervisors: Professor R Duarte, Dr S Nietz and Professor P Ruff PILUSA, Sonti Imogene

Physiotherapy THESIS: Prevention care for secondary health conditions among people living with spinal cord injuries in the Tshwane Metropolitan area This study explored contextual factors influencing prevention care for secondary health conditions among people with spinal cord injury. Preventing secondary health conditions is challenging for people with spinal cord injury and is influenced by multiple interconnected biopsychosocial factors. The study findings informed the development of a patient-centred prevention care model. This model emphasizes putting the patient at the centre of care and facilitating access to health care and rehabilitation throughout the lifespan of individuals with spinal cord injury.

Supervisors: Professor H Myezwa and Professor J Potterton REDINGER, Stephanie Elaine Paediatrics and Child Health THESIS: A longitudinal study of antenatal depression and anxiety in urban black South African women This thesis examined the stress and protective factors interacting with psychological vulnerability during pregnancy in a longitudinal pregnancy cohort. It finds that South African women enter pregnancy at high risk for both depression and anxiety, and that a large proportion of these risks could be attenuated if women were adequately supported by partners, families or close social networks. It demonstrates the possibility of triaging women according to psychological risk within primary health care settings using short, simple screening tools.

Supervisors: Associate Professor B Houle, Associate Professor T Rochat and Professor S Norris RUGBEER, Nivash Therapeutic Sciences THESIS: The effect of a single bout of high-intensity sprint exercise programme compared to traditional high-intensity sprint interval exercise and endurance exercise on inflammatory markers, lipid profile and health related physical fitness measurements in participants with elevated cardiovascular disease risk A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The study aimed to compare the effect of the novel time-efficient `Gear’ exercise programme with traditional exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammatory markers and cardiorespiratory fitness measurements in sedentary persons with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. The novel 90-second `Gear’ exercise programme moderately reduced glycated haemoglobin. `Gear’ exercise programmes raised the ventilatory threshold point, which prevented premature fatigue and improved the efficiency of the cardiorespiratory system. `Gear’ exercise programmes should be considered as a public health initiative to promote exercise in clinical, home and work environments because it is a time-efficient exercise intervention.

Supervisors: Dr G Torres and Professor D Constantinou

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SATIYADEV, Sithara Clinical Governance THESIS: An evaluation of the International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI) to establish its suitability for general surgery coding This thesis focuses on evaluating the World Health Organisation’s International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI), to establish is suitability for general surgery coding. Intervention data from three academic hospitals were utilised in assigning ICHI codes. Guided by a positivist philosophical approach, a retrospective, descriptive design was used to evaluate the data. The results show that ICHI has the ability to cater for a range of general surgery interventions deliberated in the study. This study makes an invaluable contribution to the adoption and implementation of the ICHI as a national intervention coding system for general surgery in South Africa.

Supervisors: Professor J Bruce and Professor R Madden SOO, Cassandra Claire

Human Genetics THESIS: Genetic and environmental factors associated with cognition in an ageing South African population This study is the first genetic investigation of cognitive function (total cognition score, verbal episodic memory, executive function, language, and visuospatial ability) in sub-Saharan Africa. She found that genetic variants in APOE has significantly different distributions compared to Europeans. Soo explored the structure of this chromosomal region, previously associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Novel African-specific variants associated with cognition were observed in a genome-wide association study. The work lays the foundation for future genomic studies of cognition in African populations.

Supervisors: Dr A Choudhury, Professor M Ramsay and Professor S Tollman SPIES, Amy Joy

Anatomical Sciences THESIS: Sensitivities of various imaging modalities in detecting skeletal trauma in simulated violent crime and physical child abuse: a pig model This study assessed the diagnostic abilities of computed tomography, conventional X-ray, and full-body low-dose X-ray scans to detect both blunt and sharp force skeletal trauma in pigs used as proxies for humans. This research highlights the role of virtual imaging in forensic anthropological practice and provides insight into which diagnostic tools are best for imaging victims of trauma.

Supervisors: Associate Professor D Brits and Professor M Steyn WAGNER, Janine Louise

Anaesthesia THESIS: Labour epidural practice and experience in Gauteng A mixed methods research study was conducted to investigate epidural provision in state and private healthcare facilities in Gauteng. Across the board provision of the service was found to be well below international benchmarks. Contributory factors included poor training opportunities and non-standardised practices, negative attitudes toward patients wanting epidurals by healthcare professionals, and poor awareness by patients. The institution of an education programme in the state sector resulted in an increase in epidural uptake that was still below international rates.

Supervisors: Professor S Chetty, Professor F Paruk and Professor P Kamerman

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WANDAI, Muchiri Elia Paediatrics and Child Health THESIS: Prevalence and Transition of blood pressure and body mass index in South Africa This study examined spatial and temporal changes in hypertension and obesity. The research found that prevalence of hypertension differed greatly across South Africa, and that obesity increased over time. These findings point to the importance of developing localised and timely interventions for prevention and control of these two major non-communicable diseases.

Supervisors: Professor J Aagaard-Hansen, Professor S Manda and Professor S Norris WHITE, Janine Anthea

Public Health THESIS: Examining health system responsiveness and social exclusion among migrants utilising Gauteng public health services Drawing on theories of health system responsiveness and social exclusion, this mixed methods PhD study has generated new knowledge on the experiences of international migrants utilising the public health system in Gauteng Province. This study underscores the need for investment in a migrant-sensitive health system as part of South Africa’s quest for universal health coverage.

Supervisor: Professor L Rispel ZAWADA, Jacek Walerian

Virology THESIS: The functional genomics of genitalia rotation in male anopheles funestus Malaria remains a scourge in Africa and the world with approximately 409, 000 deaths and over 229 million cases in 2019. This study adds significantly to the scientific body of knowledge of the male mosquito. A large number of genetic transcripts associated with the biological sexual maturation in the male An. funestus mosquito were identified and may lead to novel vector control interventions for malaria.

Supervisors: Dr Y Dahan and Professor L Koekemoer

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FACULTY OF HUMANITIES DEAN: PROFESSOR G STEVENS BA (Cape Town) BA Psych (Hons) MPsych (Western Cape) DLitt et Phil (Unisa) Doctor of Philosophy

AISENG, Kealeboga Macdonald African Languages and Linguistics THESIS: Critical analysis and assessment of language policy and implementation in South Africa: South African Broadcasting Corporation’s Soap Operas The study explores post-1994 national language policy and implementation at the national broadcaster, the SABC. A careful deployment of sociolinguistics constructs demonstrates how the language policy implementation at SABC is circumvented by neo-liberal policies, political interferences, hierarchisation of indigenous languages and the reintroduction of white supremacist ideologies. The consequences of mismanagement of this magnitude is that there is regression and uneven development of indigenous languages and that the former dominant languages; English and Afrikaans, continue to enjoy the status quo.

Supervisor: Professor I Mhlambi ALCOCK, Stephanie Anne Psychology THESIS: Development of a theoretical model of creative cognition in the elderly Creativity is the process of generating novel and useful ideas. This study aimed to develop a theoretical cognitive model of creativity in the elderly. Multivariate analysis revealed that creativity involves complex interactions between several cognitive functions, including divergent and convergent thinking, associative processing, fluid intelligence and task-switching.

Supervisors: Dr A Ferreira Correia and Professor K Cockcroft BAILEY, Candice Bronwyn Political Studies THESIS: Democracy and access to information in South Africa This thesis explores how the access to information legislation can be used to effect accountability and how this relationship in turn, enhances democracy in South Africa. It evaluates the theoretical underpinnings of democracy in relation to access to information, analysing how power intercepts the relationship between it and accountability.

Supervisor: Professor L Hamilton BUYS, Anthea Holly

History of Art THESIS: “As Real As Any Work of Art”: an ontological and historical reading of Constant’s New Babylon The candidate studied a plural, temporally dispersed mid-twentieth century artwork titled New Babylon, by the Dutch artist and architect Constant Nieuwenhuys. Her

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research shows that there are important links between this artwork and historical and contemporary examples of participatory and socially engaged art.

Supervisors: Profesor M Williams and Professor D Andrew CASTEL-BRANCO, Ruth Kelia

Sociology THESIS: A radical politics of distribution? Work, welfare and public works programmes in rural Mozambique The candidate’s thesis examines the political economy of social welfare in Mozambique, drawing on archival research, quantitative data and ethnographic fieldwork in two rural sites. She provides a critique of contemporary proposals towards a “post-work utopia” and argues for recentring production within distributive politics, especially given the precarity of wage-work.

Supervisor: Dr B Scully CHIBAYA, Solomon

Education THESIS: Exploring ethical leadership in four Zimbabwean high schools in the context of turbulence and multiple deprivation The candidate explored the conceptualisation and enactment of ethical leadership in the context of turbulence and multiple deprivations in four Zimbabwean schools.

The findings suggested that school leaders were overwhelmed by the multiplicity of unethical practices and survival became paramount in their minds. While the study recognises the challenges posed by the tumultuous contextual factors, school leaders should maintain an unimpeachable integrity if their schools are not only to survive turbulences but also remain vibrant centres of academic excellence.

Supervisor: Dr S Mthiyane DAWSON, Nicola Kathleen Psychology THESIS: An exploration of maternal sensitivity, culture and context in Alexandra Township This mixed method study explores the applicability of the concept of maternal sensitivity to the context and culture of Alexandra township, South Africa. Utilising novel methodologies, the study represents a superb piece of scholarship that makes an important and sensitive contribution to the fields of cross-cultural parent-infant intervention and research.

Supervisor: Professor K Bain DISEMELO, Katlego

Media Studies THESIS: The House of Indigo: an ethnographic study of drag performance, beauty pageantry, and cosmopolitan femininity in Johannesburg This ethnography explores the world of drag performance and beauty pageantry at one of Johannesburg’s landmark gay nightclubs. It examines how the participants¿ consumer identities, material culture, and kinship systems were constructed within and beyond the subculture. It makes original contributions to queer theory and critical consumption studies.

Supervisor: Professor M Iqani

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DLUNGWANE, Bongani Johannes Education THESIS: Exploring ethical leadership perspectives of district officials: a case study of one education district in KwaZulu-Natal The candidate explored the conceptualisation and enactments of ethical leadership in one District Office in KwaZulu-Natal. While the findings seem to suggest that the research participants had profound conceptualisation of ethical leadership, there appeared to be a disjuncture between their conceptualisation and enactment of ethical leadership practices.

Supervisor: Dr S Mthiyane EKEFRE, Edidiong Emem

History THESIS: The Catholic Church in the Nigerian civil war, 1967 - 1970 The thesis robustly deploys ethnographic interviews and archival data to analyse the important humanitarian engagement of the Catholic Church in the war, which mitigated the plight of civilian Biafran war victims (men, women and especially children).

Supervisors: Professor S Lekgoathi and Dr G Njung GOVENDER, Sharon

Education THESIS: Investigating the teaching of fractions across the Intermediate Phase (Grade 4 to Grade 6): what range of sub-constructs is made available, and how are these connected?

The candidate’s thesis examined the fractions tasks presented in a textbook series, and teachers’ selections and enactments of tasks in one suburban school. Using a framework of fraction sub-constructs and processes, the investigation uncovered emphases in a narrow range of sub-constructs with limited connections. There was also evidence of work with ‘pure procedures’ which sidelined attention to fraction concepts.

Supervisor: Professor H Venkatakrishnan JANARI, Barbara Cecilia

English THESIS: ‘The Labyrinth of the Memory’: Spatial Form and Axes of Time and Place in the Work of J.M. Coetzee The candidate’s doctoral research undertakes a close reading of six novels by J.M. Coetzee in order to elucidate the writer’s oeuvre via the notion of spatial form. Janari’s examiners praised her thesis for its conceptual, argumentative and analytical rigour, recognising her deep, assured and nuanced insight into Coetzee’s work”.

Supervisor: Professor C Thurman KAMUDU APPLASAWMY, Bhamini Education THESIS: Investigating situational interest and learning of biodiversity: a case study of students’ experience of a visit to a nature reserve The candidate investigated factors that trigger Situational Interest (SI) and learning about biodiversity during a nature reserve visit. She found out that both affect (feelings about learning) and cognition (learning) which were influenced by the novelty of the visit and the exhibits were the major triggers of SI and learning especially when they co-occurred. The study therefore, recommends that practitioners in nature reserves should aim to provide information that triggers affect and cognition in visitors in order to promote learning.

Supervisors: Professor M Rollnick and Dr E Nyamupangedengu 29

KANENGONI, Joice

Social Work THESIS: The contribution of the Basic Education Assistance Module in enhancing access to education in Gutu District, Zimbabwe BEAM is the largest social protection programme that provides educational assistance for orphans and vulnerable children (OVCs) in Zimbabwe. This study contributed to the development of guidelines to enhance BEAM, and expanded social work knowledge on social protection and education, which improve the existing support services for vulnerable members of society.

Supervisor: Professor E Pretorius KHUMALO, Sibonile Linda Development Studies THESIS: The interaction between Khwezi community radio, transformative power and social change in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa The thesis examined Khwezi Community Radio’s contribution to social change. It provides a unique understanding of the role played by community radios in fostering the transformative power of listeners and nurturing a sense of community in tackling development challenges. The research further highlights the significance of organic spaces of participation in promoting collaborative empowerment for communities as active agents of social change.

Supervisor: Dr S Louw LUCKETT, Nothemba Kate

Sociology THESIS: Hope and Utopianism in everyday life in an aspirational city of coal This research examines how hope (as method and concept) creates possibilities and potentialities. The conceptual categories of ‘reproductive’ and ‘transformative hope’ are deployed to analyse the complexities of everyday life in Lephalale, Limpopo, the epicentre of South Africa’s minerals-energy complex, using rich ethnographic research and sophisticated spatiotemporal analysis and theorisation.

Supervisors: Professor B Kenny and Professor M Nieftagodien MABETHA, Khuthala Demography and Population Studies THESIS: Under-Five mortality among children raised in non-orphaned kinship care in South Africa: a mixed methods study The study focused on the role of extended kin on child survival. She found that individual characteristics of kin caregivers, healthcare preferences and behaviours, and their family environments are greater risk factors that play a crucial role in compromising the ability of kin caregivers to provide adequate care.

Supervisors: Professor N De Wet and Professor C Odimegwu MAHLOELE MUNZARA, Palesa Mpinane Elizabeth Diversity Studies THESIS: Black African women’s narratives of their career progression: experiences of race and gender in the Finance industry in Johannesburg, South Africa.

This study examined diversity discourses in the career progression of Black women in the finance industry. The candidate’s findings reveal that executive Black women need to justify their professional presence, develop resilience and fight against a prevailing corporate myth of meritocracy, not experienced by their white and male counterparts.

Supervisor: Professor M Steyn

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MAJOMBOZI, Ziyanda

Anthropology THESIS: ‘What a time to be birthing!’: exploring childbearing experiences of black middle-class mothers in Johannesburg, South Africa The anthropology of reproduction is shaped by Euro-American debates about motherhood. The candidate counters this through a careful account of contemporary ideas about birthing practices and social reproduction among middle-class Black women in Johannesburg. Drawing on feminist scholarship and decolonial scholarship, the dissertation examines how mothers navigate the social terrains of motherhood.

Supervisors: Professor N Mkhwanazi and Professor F Ross MAKANYA, Sinethemba Immaculate Psychology THESIS: Ukugula Kwabantu: the construction of mental health by traditional healers in a peri-urban area In a philosophically sophisticated and empirically rich contribution to psychology, African studies, health and medical humanities, and the communication of health knowledge, the candidate who was called to become a traditional healer herself, analyses and illuminates psycho-spiritual healing within an evolving indigenous paradigm. This thesis provides a perspective on traditional healing and mental health that offers a significant contribution to enhancing our understanding of a relatively neglected research area.

Supervisors: Dr V de Andrade and Professor C Burns MATHEWS, Corin Dessan

Education THESIS: Teaching of division in Grade 3 and Grade 4: disruptions to coherence The candidates’ study was focused on division teaching in South African Grade 3 and 4 classrooms. His categorization of differing extents of disruption to coherence indicated limitations and ambiguity in instruction. The study adds nuance to how disadvantage plays through into schooling.

Supervisor: Professor H Venkatakrishnan MATINDIKE, Fanuel

Education THESIS: Resourcing learners’ misconceptions on hyperbolic functions through mediation of ICTs at a rural secondary school The candidate investigated how ICT-mediated instruction can enhance learner conceptualization of functions in high school mathematics. The study established that proper integration of ICTs in the mathematics classroom has potential to radically and positively transform the teaching and learning of mathematics in South Africa, particularly in marginalized communities. The study proposes an ICT-mediated instructional model that mathematics teachers can use in teaching functions and other related topics.

Supervisor: Professor J Makonye MBATHA, Khanyisile

Education THESIS: Mediation in information and communication technology teacher development: towards effective ICT pedagogical integration in the classroom The candidate presented a thesis that makes a significant contribution to a relatively under-researched area, namely how teachers acquire (or do not acquire) an

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understanding of the use ICTS in classroom pedagogy in dedicated training courses.

Her qualitative study concludes that such courses may not help give teachers the needed ICT pedagogical skills, but rather expose them only to basic computer skills.

This tendency is rooted in a prevailing misunderstanding of ICTs in education.

Supervisors: Dr I Moll and Dr N Ndlovu MBHIZA, Hlamulo Wiseman

Education THESIS: Grade 10 mathematics teachers’ discourses and approaches during algebraic functions lessons in Acornhoek, rural Mpumalanga Province, South Africa This study investigated the mathematical discourses and approaches of Grade 10 teachers during algebraic functions lessons within rural classrooms. With only few technical corrections, the study contributed new knowledge that is necessary and appealing, in particular in the rural context that is under-researched in South Africa.

The study made important recommendations for the teaching of algebraic functions, to teacher support and training and for future research.

Supervisor: Dr T Nkambule MCINNES, Jacqueline Helene

Fine Art THESIS: Plumbing The Depths: recycling conceived as life raft in a mediation from trash to worth The candidate explores accumulation and surplus in our deeply unequal society, tracking the movement of trash across class divisions, its logistical challenges, importance in informal economies and role in the construction of value and status.

The exhibition presents detritus as symptomatic of capitalist malaise, but also proposes that trash may reveal and generate beauty.

Supervisors: Professor G Olivier and Professor B Law Viljoen MENY-GIBERT, Sarah Rose

History THESIS: State capacity and governance in South Africa: a case study of school education in the Eastern Cape and Gauteng Provinces, c. 1970 to 2015 This thesis explores the history of the administration and governance of school education in South Africa. It involves a comparative study of two of South Africa’s provincial education systems, the Eastern Cape and Gauteng, from the 1970s until 2015. It uses concepts of `state infrastructural power’ and `bureaucratisation’ to examine the workings of the education bureaucracy and its interactions with teachers and schools in these two provinces.

Supervisor: Professor C Glaser NAMAKULA, Halima

Education THESIS: A social realist analysis of the efficacy of an embedded academic literacy intervention programme in shaping first year B.Ed. students’ academic literacy practices The candidate uses a social realist framework to analyse how an academic literacy support programme embedded in a first-year BEd course at the Wits School of Education, shaped students’ academic literacy practices. The study traces how and why students’ academic literacy practices changed during the programme.

The candidate concluded that embedding academic support in discipline-specific courses effectively supports students’ epistemic access, personal agency and academic success.

Supervisors: Dr M Prozesky and Professor M Baxen 32

NYUKE, Simbarashe

Anthropology THESIS: Pentecostal Urbanism? Exploring the experiences of immigrants in Johannesburg The candidate undertakes a detailed and adroit ethnography of Pentecostalism’s mediation of the lives of African immigrants in Johannesburg. He explores the constitution and administration of the pentecostal power of pastorship and the pulpit in and over immigrants’ lives. The candidate examines how pastoral power interplays with immigrant agency in the configuration of immigrants’ sojourn in Johannesburg.

Supervisors: Professor N Mkwanazi, Dr O Katsaura and Professor M Vawda OLAMIJUWON, Emmanuel Olawale Demography and Population Studies THESIS: Advancing sexual health education strategies for young African adults in the digital age This research studied opportunities for advancing sexual health promotion strategies in the digital age. His work uncovered several strategies for designing effective and engaging sexual health promotional messages targeting young African adults precisely on Facebook. He also highlights several opportunities linked to interacting with young adults on social media.

Supervisor: Professor C Odimegwu PAOLI, Natalie

English THESIS: Bodies of Their own: Feminism, Postcommunism, and Postcolonialism in selected novels by Slavenka Drakulic’, Oksana Zabuzhko and Domnica Radulescu The candidate’s thesis provides an examination of the ways in which Eastern European feminists writing postcommunist novels which focus on the female body are writing in response to, and against, the nationalist rhetoric that arose during, and following, the collapse of the Communist states.

Supervisor: Dr S Kostelac POSHOLI, Lerato

Education THESIS: Revisiting Knowledge and Power: reconciling the truth-seeking goal of knowledge production with the role of power This thesis argues that accounting for the sociality of knowledge production and the situatedness of knowers is necessary for reconciling the truth-seeking goal of knowledge with the role of power. The thesis has done powerful intellectual work, which makes one want to write another whole thesis in dialogue with it.

Supervisors: Professor Y Shalem and Professor S Allais PRESTON, Carol Anne

Drama THESIS: The Affordances of an applied arts intervention for sustained environmental good practice in Wakkerstroom- eSizameleni Key findings from three years of participatory action research in the WakkerstroomeSizameleni community are that child and adult participants in multimodal arts-based workshops, which included construction of an eco-brick bench for a local taxi stop, did become more environmentally aware. However, behaviour changes developed slowly and unevenly and require on-going support from local champions.

Supervisor: Professor Y Reed

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RADAELLI, Stephano

Psychology THESIS: The social nature and outcome of the interactions in a non-monetary centred sharing economy: from a social exchange theory perspective Following an ethnographic approach with in-depth interviews, the social relationships between Couchsurfing hosts and their guests supported the applicability and relevance of social exchange theory. Hosts could still be generous in their tangible provisions to guests, but it was the social exchange that defined the reciprocity in the environment.

Supervisors: Professor F Donald and Professor A Thatcher RENS, Simphiwe Emmanuel Media Studies THESIS: Misogyny and romance entangled: reading gender, sexuality, and Africanness in Afrobeats music videos This multimodal critical discourse analysis of Afrobeats music videos and YouTube viewer comments deploys theories of representation, gender performativity and feminist psychoanalysis to examine mediated performances of masculine and feminine subjectivities and their politics of desirability. This study makes an original contribution to the fields of African cultural studies, gender studies, feminist media studies, and offers a fresh methodological approach to digital humanities.

Supervisor: Professor M Iqani SAPIRE, Ingrid Märta

Education THESIS: Language use in the learning and teaching of early grade mathematics in the context of multilingualism This study investigated language use in the multilingual context in early grade mathematics drawing on data from a survey, focus group discussions and classroom observations. The study shows the conflicting language ideologies that drive school policy. Analysis of teachers’ language use in the classroom was guided by the language ideology framework to expose the constraining effects of standardisation.

Supervisors: Professor Y Shalem and Dr A Essien TSHESANE, Herman Makabeteng Education THESIS: Developing additive relations word problem solving with the use of relational models The candidate’s thesis involved the design and study of an intervention that succeeded in raising children’s attainment on additive reasoning in a Grade 3 class.

Drawing on the relational paradigm, the study emphasised the use of models focused on both quantitative and numerical relationships.

Supervisors: Professor M Askew and Professor H Venkatakrishnan TSHUMA, Tholani

Education THESIS: The teaching of evolution to grade 12 students: a dilemma driven self-study inquiry After encountering many dilemmas in his teaching of the controversial topic of evolution to Grade 12 learners, the candidate employed a self-study methodology to engage with these dilemmas. This led to the improvement of his teaching and students’ learning of evolution. The candidate recommends that dilemmas of practice can be used as key drivers of professional development activities.

Supervisor: Dr E Nyamupangedengu 34

UWERHIAVWE, Abel Aghogho

Education THESIS: Analysis of the influence of mindsets on a strongly framed and classified subject using social learning theory The candidate’s thesis makes an innovative contribution to the study of learning in mathematics. By using social learning and mindsets theories the candidate shows how the learning of mathematics by Grade 9 learners is influenced by the social dimension which impacts on the cognitive and emotional dimensions of learners.

Supervisors: Dr L Abdulhamid and Professor N Carrim WOOLWAY, Jennifer Jean

Education THESIS: Ascertaining what Grade 8 Natural Sciences learners already know: a starting point for meaningful learning.

Using action research design, the candidate investigated how teachers explore what learners already know to inform teaching of Natural Sciences concepts. Findings show the importance of professional learning communities for improving teacher reflective practice, enhancing interaction with learners and the importance of a committed leader for professional learning communities.

Supervisors: Professor A Msimanga and Professor A Lelliott XAVIER, Romao

International Relations THESIS: Rethinking Civil Society and Pan-African Participatory Governance: the case of the African Union-New Partnership for Africa’s Development (AU-NEPAD) This PhD explores the remaking of African civil society in the context of the AU-NEPAD continental restructuring project. It utilises Foucauldian and power centric analyses to explore the mechanisms and practices engendering a liberal and disciplined civil society in Africa. This study assists in understanding the defeat of Pan-Africanism and what are the forces shaping contemporary Africa.

Supervisor: Professor V Satgar TAM, Catherine Linda

Psychology THESIS: Young children’s methods for exercising agency in their interactions with their parents

The thesis uses a conversation analytic approach to examine everyday parentchild interactions. By examining children’s practices for getting their parents to do things, it provides original insights into children’s agency and authority, and thus their contributions to their own socialization.

Supervisor: Dr K Whitehead MONYANI, Margaret International Relations THESIS: How does it feel to be a threat? Ethnographic experiences of urban Somali refugee women in Nairobi, Kenya The study examined the problems faced by Somali refugee women in Nairobi, Kenya.

As urban refugees, they struggle making a living under difficult conditions of insecurity and vulnerability. It reveals how they navigate these problems through resilience and innovation.

Supervisors: Professor G Khadiagala and Professor L Landau

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FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEAN: PROFESSOR N CHETTY BSc Hons (Natal) MS PhD (Urbana-Champaign) MSAIP MASSAf Doctor of Philosophy AJAYI, Eyitayo Julius

Science Education THESIS: Interplay of values and classroom teaching of Grade 9 Natural Sciences in two Gauteng Schools in South Africa The candidate’s research investigated the mediation and interplay of values within the context of teaching in Grade 9 Natural Sciences classrooms at two township schools in Gauteng, South Africa. He teased out and characterised the ‘constitutional’ and ‘science’ values that mediate teachers’ classroom implementation of the curriculum.

Through a theoretical and interpretive lens, he unraveled how teachers’ draw from curriculum documents and their own philosophies and knowledge, in their teaching, and how this might impact learners’ own values. He provided interesting and instructive insights into how we might understand values in the classroom, and how teachers’ knowledge and values might be developed, for them to adapt to contemporary classroom challenges.

Supervisors: Dr T Mathebula, Professor E Vhurumuku and Dr S Dukhan ARSHAD, Muhammad Sarfraz

Chemistry THESIS: Study of co-doped ceria carbonate nanocomposite electrolytes for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells The candidate’s research area was related to renewable energy technology where he worked on solid oxide fuel cells for clean energy production. During his PhD research project, he investigated the feasibility of co-precipitation method for ceriacarbonate nanocomposites preparation for applications as electrolytes.

Supervisors: Professor C Billing, Prof D Billing and Professor G Wanbing BEATON, Kimberley Jane

Geosciences THESIS: Archaean-palaeoproterozoic geochronometry of the central Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa The core of Southern Africa’s continental crust, the Kaapvaal Craton, was shaped by multiple tectonothermal events, the effects of which are not well-constrained temporally. The candidate applied high-precision garnet geochronometry, together with in-situ geochemistry and pressure-temperature pseudosection modelling, to better understand the timing and consequences of several of these tectonomagmatic events, and the effect of the Vredefort Impact, in the central Kaapvaal Craton.

Supervisors: Dr G Bybee and Professor R Gibson

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BORNMAN, Nicholas

Physics THESIS: Manipulating & measuring quantum ghosts & randomness The candidate explored various aspects of quantum optics and quantum information.

He demonstrated the contrast-reversal of entanglement-swapped ghost images and non-trivial effects of state symmetry, modelled the imaging process using quantum field theory and presented a novel random number generator. This work aids our theoretical understanding of quantum mechanics and highlights its practical potential.

Supervisor: Professor A Forbes CHETTY, Shaeen

Chemistry THESIS: Understanding the speciation and migration of metal pollutants in the miningimpacted Klip River Wetland, Johannesburg The candidate used a combination of analytical techniques including isotope and speciation methods to develop an understanding of the fate of pollutant metals entering the Klip River wetland system. His findings provide evidence of the various mechanisms of metal transport and sequestration in mining impacted wetland systems. His results may present opportunities for the development of more effective remediation strategies.

Supervisors: Dr L Pillay and Professor MS Humphries CHRISTOPHER, Lawrence Davou

Physics THESIS: Full Run-2 boosted right-handed heavy neutrino and single leptoquark search in ATLAS The candidate’s doctoral studies focused on two searches for physics beyond the Standard Model, the boosted heavy neutrino search aimed at explaining small neutrino mass and the single leptoquark search aimed at explaining the anomalies in the flavour sector. Exclusion limits were set for full Run 2 data.

Supervisor: Professor D Kar DLAMINI, Mandla Evidence Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies THESIS: Assessing the effects of wetland conversion to crop farming on wetland loss, water quality and plant foliar nutrients in the lower uMfolozi floodplain system The candidate investigated the effects of wetland conversion to crop farming on wetland loss, water quality and plant foliar nutrients in the lower uMfolozi floodplain system. He used a combination of research methods including standard analytical, GIS and remote sensing techniques for triangulation purposes. His findings indicate that the human agent is one of the key drivers of a persistent decline in wetlands aerial extent. Therefore, argue the generation of sound data on land-use change and concerted efforts to regularly track the characteristics of water, soils and plants in wetland habitats Supervisors: Professor E Adam and Dr JG Chirima DLAMINI, Vuyisile Khetsiwe Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies THESIS: Development of a social-ecological monitoring framework to improve river health assessment in the Lower Komati River This multidisciplinary study combined qualitative analysis of community perceptions, values and interactions with the Lower Komati River with quantitative assessments of ecological status to develop a new social-ecological framework for monitoring.

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The new framework employs community identified hotspots of social-ecological interaction with community relevant indicators for river health monitoring.

Supervisors: Professor M Samson, Professor C Curtis and Dr G O’Brien HOMANN, Jonathan Michael Mathematics THESIS: Mixing processes in Riesz spaces and their ergodic properties The aim of this thesis was to link ergodicity and weak mixing for in stochastic processes in vector lattices. First, we generalized the Koopman - von Neumann Theorem on the convergence of Cesaro means to the vector lattice setting (published in the prestigious Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society). Next, we characterized ergodicity in vector lattices and linked it to weak mixing via the Koopman-von Neumann Theorem (presented at Posivity X and published in the conference proceeding with Birkhauser/Springer Nature).

Supervisors: Professor B Watson and Dr W Kuo JAMES, Steven Doron

Computer Science THESIS: Learning portable symbolic representations The candidate developed a framework for learning symbolic, hierarchical representations of high-dimensional environments that are suitable for planning.

Importantly, such representations can be transferred between tasks that share a variety of commonalities. We demonstrate how to construct such abstractions in several complex environments, resulting in an agent capable of forming long-term plans using magnitudes less data than existing state-of-the-art approaches.

Supervisors: Professor B Rosman and Professor G Konidaris JOMBO, Simbarashe Sanyaruwa Geography, Archaeology and

Environmental Studies THESIS: Mapping and monitoring urban trees in the City of Johannesburg using remote sensing techniques: the case of Randburg municipal area The candidate focussed on mapping and monitoring urban trees in the City of Johannesburg using remote sensing techniques. He successfully classified and mapped urban trees using both hyperspectral and multispectral data. Machine learning algorithms were used to classify the data and they can be applied in both heterogeneous and homogeneous environments. The findings are relevant for municipalities, researchers, and other stakeholders to develop a comprehensive urban tree inventory which is vital in providing sustainable urban tree management.

Supervisors: Professor E Adam, Professor M Byrne and Dr SW Newete KAMPAMBA, Royda Chibulu

Chemistry THESIS: Acids-Bases Threshold Concepts: a case of First-Year Students’ High Failure and Dropout Rate The candidate explored the lecture hall where lecturers and students’ with various levels of chemistry, meet to interact and interchange chemistry knowledge. The findings revealed that it is a hybridised space or context of pedagogical and knowledge interactions. Interactions generate affordances and constraints for some and generated affordances to others. Each educator adjusted his/her teaching differently to ameliorate the challenges in teaching.

Supervisor: Dr F Otulaja

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KGATLE, Masaku Lovedonia

Chemistry THESIS: Trimetallic nanoparticles immobilised on polymeric membranes for the degradation of organic pollutants in water The research involved the use of nanoscale zerovalent iron-based trimetallic nanoparticles in catalytic degradation of organic contaminants in water.

The nanoparticles were immobilized on a polymeric membrane support. The nanocomposite membrane was then applied to effectively remove dyes used in the textile industry, hence reducing water pollution.

Supervisors: Professor N Moloto, Dr K Sikhwivhilu and Dr G Ndlovu MABHUNGU, Loveness Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies THESIS: A remote sensing-based approach for detecting and mapping the accumulation of heavy metal in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. and Arundo donax L. in wetlands influenced by gold mining The candidate investigated the use of remote sensing to monitor copper uptake

by Phragmites australis and Arundo donax grown in acid mine drainage polluted wetlands. The research showed the feasibility of remote sensing to map the two species and their phytoremediation capacities. The findings contribute to phytoremediation and wetland management.

Supervisors: Professor E Adam and Dr SW Newete MANDISHONA, Emmah Geography, Archaeology

and Environmental Studies THESIS: Rural wetlands use and sustainability: a case study of Zindi area in Honde Valley, Zimbabwe The study used ethnographic techniques to explore how people in Zindi rural area of Honde valley, Zimbabwe interact with wetlands and the challenges they encounter in using wetlands for agriculture. The contribution of small valley bottom wetlands to livelihood sustenance and food security was confirmed, but the agricultural practices employed affected the wetland integrity. The study recommends integrating indigenous knowledge systems and modern arrangements to ensure sustainable utilization and management of rural wetlands.

Supervisor: Professor J Knight MANZUNZU, Brassnavy

Geosciences THESIS: Treatment of parameter and model uncertainties through a sensitivity analysis of the seismic hazard for Johannesburg Earthquakes that are strong enough to alarm citizens and damage buildings occasionally shake Greater Johannesburg. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment helps town planners and structural engineers to mitigate the risk by predicting the likelihood of strong ground motion. The candidate’s research into the sources of analytical uncertainty will improve the reliability of these assessments.

Supervisors: Professor RJ Durrheim and Dr V Midzi

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MAVIZA, Auther Geography, Archaeology

and Environmental Studies THESIS: An assessment of the impacts of climate change/ variability and land use - land cover changes on surface runoff in the upper Mzingwane subcatchment, Zimbabwe This is the first study to examine the combined impacts of climate and land use changes on contemporary and projected future runoff in the northern Limpopo basin. The study outcomes demonstrate that extensive deforestation and projected increases in rainfall are likely to enhance future peak runoff and consequential soil loss.

Supervisors: Professor S Grab and Professor F Engelbrecht MIYA, Thabiso Victor Molecular and Cell Biology THESIS: Is there an association between genetic polymorphisms and immune responses to rotavirus vaccination in South African infants?

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between polymorphisms in human blood group antigens (ABO, FUT2/FUT3 genes) and innate immune RNA sensor genes (DDX58, IFIH1, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8), or variation in ABO, Secretor and Lewis phenotypes in saliva, with immune response to rotavirus vaccination in South African children.

Supervisors: Dr D De Assis Rosa and Dr M Groome MNGADI, Siyanda Brightboy

Geosciences THESIS: Micro- to macro-structural investigations of faulting in deep South African gold mines Mining-induced earthquakes pose a major risk to workers in deep gold mines. The candidate gained new insights into the physics of rock rupture and the nature of geological faults by studying borehole core, mapping underground workings, processing and interpreting reflection seismic images, and performing high slip-rate experiments in a laboratory in Japan.

Supervisors: Professor M Manzi and Professor RJ Durrheim MOFOKENG, Thapelo Prince

Chemistry THESIS: Hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube-carbon nanofiber-based networks for electrochemical capacitors The candidate’s thesis reports the electrochemical properties of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes-carbon fiber hybrid material as an electrode for electrochemical capacitors. His work also investigated the effect of different aqueous electrolytes on the storage mechanisms of nickel-based metal organic framework derived carbon and sodium manganese oxide electrode materials.

Supervisors: Dr ZN Tetana and Dr KI Ozoemena MOHLALA, Reagan Lehlogonolo Chemistry THESIS: Synthesis of pyrimidine, thiazine, diazepine and quinoxaline derivatives via 3-component reactions (3-CR) This study investigated the use of multicomponent reactions for the preparation of a range of diverse heterocycles. Multicomponent reactions adhere to green chemistry principles as a result of their high atom-economy and reduced solvent use.

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Pyrimidines, thiazines, benzodiazepines and quinoxalines with biological activity were all successfully prepared using this approach.

Supervisors: Professor ML Bode and Dr ME Coyanis MONGWE, Thomas Hlamalani

Chemistry THESIS: Synthesis of chain-like carbon nano-onions for application in room temperature volatile organic chemical gas sensors The study investigated the use of surface modified carbon nano-onions as a sensing material for the volatile organic chemicals at room temperature. A flame pyrolysis reactor, built by the candidate was used for the fascile synthesis of the carbons using olive oil as a precursor. A 3-component composite with optimised ratios of carbon nanoonions, polyvinlylpyrrolidone and manganese dioxide was developed as an active material for room temperature gas sensors. The study realised a synergistic property between the three materials. His discoveries presented one of the inexpensive routes for fabricating sensors that can be used to monitor toxic volatile organic chemicals in the environment.

Supervisors: Dr M Maubane-Nkadimeng, Prof NJ Coville and Dr M Mamo MUKONGO, Kalusokoma Demco Mathematics THESIS: On Urysohn quasi-metric spaces The candidate continues the study of Urysohn spaces in the framework of quasi-metric spaces and ultra-quasi-metric spaces. For instance, we investigate some categorical aspects of Urysohn quasi-metric spaces and Urysohn ultra-quasi-metric spaces.

Moreover, he introduces the concept of tightness and essentiality in the category of ultra-quasi-metric spaces and nonexpansive maps. Finally, he concludes his study by investigating connections between Urysohn quasi-metric space and Urysohn ultraquasi-metric space of a partially ordered set equipped with its natural T0-quasi-metric (T0-ultra-quasi-metric).

Supervisors: Professor O Olela Otafudu and Dr WB Toko MUNSHI, Naadhirah Molecular and Cell Biology THESIS: A genetic and stable isotope interpretation of behaviour and social structure in Pale-winged Starling Onychognathus nabouroup The study has provided new information on the ecology of Pale-winged Starlings.

Forty-two novel microsatellite genetic markers have been isolated and characterised.

Fifteen of these have been used to shed light on population structure, together with an isotope analysis which revealed differences in foraging habits of males and females.

Supervisors: Dr J Mollett, Dr P De Maayer and Dr C Symes MURAMBADORO, Miriam Dudzai Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences THESIS: Assessing the role of learning systems in supporting local government climate change adaptation Climate change adaptation (CCA) is a learning process that requires conditions to be conducive for adjustments to take place in the face of climate risks. Understanding who are the actors who learn and how they learn to inform climate-related planning and decision-making in local contexts was a key area of the research. Using participatory research approaches in the Capricorn District Municipality (CDM), Limpopo, South

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Africa the study established that, while information and learning processes are available for government actors to learn about CCA, most of the efforts contribute to short-term adaptation actions they often provide piece-meal information that is difficult to implement in municipal contexts where there are competing sociopolitical priorities. Suggestions for longer-term, transformative approaches have been suggested.

Supervisors: Professor C Vogel and Dr K Coetzer-Hanack NGUBENI, Grace Nomthandazo

Chemistry THESIS: The study of quaternary semiconducting chalcogenide nanomaterials for application as counter electrodes The thesis reports on the synthesis and characterization of earth abundant quaternary materials for use as substitute counter electrode materials to the more expensive and corrosion prone platinum in dye-sensitized solar cells. The results show that these materials have promising properties and could potentially replace platinum thus reducing the price of dye-sensitized solar cells further.

Supervisor: Professor N Moloto NKOSI, Sellina Ennie Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies THESIS: Characterising the impact of African elephant (Loxodonta Africana) on woody vegetation in Venetia-Limpopo Nature Reserve using remote sensing techniques Recontextualized existing remote sensing data for use in nature conservation settings to study the impact of African elephant on woody plants. This was successfully achieved, and recommendations were formulated on how to manage enclosed elephant’s habitats. She proved that Remote sensing technology enhances vegetation studies in large and inaccessible areas, promoting the study of elephant impacts to conserve biodiversity.

Supervisors: Professor E Adam, Dr AS Barrett and Professor LR Brown NTSIMANGO, Songeziwe

Chemistry THESIS: The use of photochemical reactions and bio-based starting materials for the synthesis of nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles The first part of the thesis was concerned with investigations on the scope and limitation of a novel light-mediated C-N aromatic ring-forming reaction, which was employed in the synthesis of phenanthridines. The second part detailed cardoland cardanol-based synthesis of oxa-heterocyclic compounds namely, coumarins derivatives, furanocumarins, pyranocoumarins and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cardol-derivatives as potential UV light absorbers.

Supervisors: Professor CB de Koning, Professor ML Bode and Dr K Ngwira OYERINDE, Rebecca Opeyemi Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences THESIS: Towards the formation of somatic embryos from avocado leaf explants Given the challenges facing conventional propagation of Avocado alternative protocols are important. In this regard callus was intentionally and successfully induced from leaf materials of Persea americana cv Edranol. Associated in depth histological and morphological studies significantly added to the understanding of how plant cells can be reprogrammed to form other tissues/organs.

Supervisor: Professor DJ Mycock

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PANAINO, Wendy Marie Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences THESIS: Diet, activity, and body temperature patterns of ground pangolins in a semiarid environment Ground pangolins, which are elusive and usually active at night, are difficult to study in the wild. Through taxing fieldwork and the use of biologging technology, the candidate collected the most comprehensive and detailed records on the biology of ground pangolins to date, allowing better conservation of this threatened species.

Supervisors: Professor A Fuller and Professor F Parrini RAMULIFHO, Elelwani Molecular and Cell Biology THESIS: Functional characterisation of resistance gene orthologues in cassava using gene editing Cassava is the 3rd largest source of carbohydrates in Africa and feeds millions globally, but its production is threatened by plant virus diseases. Resistance genes are key players in host defence mechanisms, and in this study the roles of two R genes in tolerance or susceptibility to South African cassava mosaic virus were established.

Leaf proteins involved in anti-viral defence were also identified.

Supervisor: Professor MEC Rey SHERRY, Dean Jason Molecular and Cell Biology THESIS: Inter-region non-active site mutations in HIV-1 subtype C protease: impact on protein dynamics, stability, and drug binding The thesis examined the impact of inter-region non-active site mutations on HIV-1 subtype C protease dynamics, stability, and drug binding. This work addressed a very important issue related to the development of efficient drug therapies against HIV. The research resulted in several publications that highlighted the role of the hydrophobic sliding mechanism in HIV-1 protease drug resistance.

Supervisor: Professor Y Sayed SIAS, Mark Anthony

Mathematics THESIS: On members of Lucas sequences which are products of factorials In the thesis, the candidate shows that if the nth term Un of a Lucas sequence is a product of factorials, then n < 62000. When the roots of the Lucas sequence are real, we have n < 13. In particular, if Xn is the X- coordinate of the nth solution of the Pell equation X2 − dY 2 = ±1 with an integer d > 1, which is nonsquare, then the equation Xn = m! implies n = 1.

Supervisor: Professor F Luca TUMELI, Ts’epo Richard

Chemistry THESIS: Synthesis and characterisation of bis-(salicylaldiminato) chromium and cobalt complexes and their catalytic evaluation for the coupling of CO2/CS2 with propylene oxide This study reports on the preparation of some new neutral and ionic functionalized bis(salicylaldiminato) chromium and cobalt complexes and their evaluation as catalysts for the coupling of CS2 or CO2 with propylene oxide. This research contributed to widening the library of catalysts that can be used for this catalytic reaction.

Supervisor: Dr JL Van Wyk

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TYOHEMBA, Raymond Lubem

Chemistry THESIS: Distribution and bioaccumulation of current-use herbicides in sediments and biota from Lake St Lucia (South Africa) and adjacent marine environment Despite their persistence and potential toxicity, herbicides are universally used to control weeds and unwanted vegetation. The candidate reported the first herbicide concentration dataset in one of the largest estuarine lake systems in Africa. Using a range of samples, he assessed the extent of herbicide contamination and the associated potential health impact. His data provides valuable additions to the current dataset used for environmental management in the region.

Supervisors: Professor MS Humphries and Dr L Pillay VONOPARTIS, Leonidas Christos Geosciences THESIS: Comparison of mineralised and unmineralised A-type granitic systems in southern Africa Tin is increasingly in demand for the production of indium-tin oxide, an essential component of touch screens. This thesis investigated the mineral chemistry of mica, tourmaline and cassiterite together with trace elements in quartz as pathfinders that distinguish between potentially mineralised and barren granites in Africa which will help guide future exploration for tin.

Supervisors: Professor P Nex, Professor J Kinnaird and Professor LJ Robb WHATA, Albert Statistics and Actuarial Science THESIS: Statistical and deep learning methods in causal inference The candidate explored the potential outcomes framework from statistics to provide a way of quantifying causal effects using machine learning. By estimating propensity scores using deep learning models, he has contributed to overcoming some of the challenges that are encountered when evaluating causal inference using machine learning methods.

Supervisor: Dr C Chimedza

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GRADUATION AWARDS FACULTY OF SCIENCE Prizes to be presented at the Faculty’s prize giving ceremony Inqaba Biotec This prize of R2 000 is awarded to the most distinguished GDB PhD student in the School of Molecular and Cell Biology.

Naadhirah Munshi Shimadzu Top Achiever Award This prize of R5 000 is awarded to the most distinguished BCB PhD student in Biochemistry in the School of Molecular and Cell Biology.

Dean Jason Sherry

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OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY Chancellor DR NJ DLAMINI MBChB (Natal) DBL (Unisa) MBA (Witwatersrand) IEC (USA) Vice-Chancellor and Principal RPROFESSOR Z VILAKAZI BSc (Manchester) MSc PhD (Witwatersrand) MASSAf FAAS Chairman of Council MR I SHONGWE BA (Wesleyan) MPhil (Oxford) Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academic) PROFESSOR R OSMAN BA (Witwatersrand) HDipEd BEd (Unisa) MEd PhD (Witwatersrand) MASSAf Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research and Innovation) PROFESSOR L MORRIS BSc (Hons) (Witwatersrand) DPhil (Oxford) FRSSA FAAS MASSAf Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Systems and Operations) PROFESSOR IR JANDRELL BSc (Eng) GDE PhD (Witwatersrand) IntPE(SA) PrEng FSAAE FSAIEE SMIEEE Registrar MS CG CROSLEY BA HDipEd (Witwatersrand) BEd Hons (Unisa) MEd (Witwatersrand) Dean of Student Affairs MR JAP SEPTEMBER BA MPhil (Cape Town) DEANS OF THE FACULTIES Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management PROFESSOR I VALODIA BCom (Unisa) BCom Hons (Natal) MSc (Lancaster) DEcon (KwaZulu-Natal) Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment PROFESSOR T MAJOZI BScEng(UND) MScEng(UND) PhD (UMIST) CEng PrEng FIChemE FAAS MASSAf FWISA FSAAE Faculty of Health Sciences PROFESSOR SA MADHI MBBCh MMed PhD (Witwatersrand) FCPaeds(SA) Faculty of Humanities PROFESSOR G STEVENS BA (Cape Town) BA Psych (Hons) MPsych (Western Cape) DLitt et Phil (UNISA) Faculty of Science PROFESSOR N CHETTY BSc Hons (Natal) MS PhD (Urbana-Champaign) MSAIP MASSAf President of Convocation S BOLON BA Hons MA (Witwatersrand)

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IHELE THE PROCESSION

IHELE Words and music by S.B.P. Mnomiya Anhom Falalala Obani labo?

Baphi Ahhom?

Ngibona beza Beyikazela Bathwel ‘ongiyane Bavela kuphi na?

Obani labo?

Ongqondongqondo Osibakhulu Yibo labo hhom!

Yini na leyo?

Ihele Ihele lezingwazi zakithi Ahhom udwendwe Ahhom Udwendwe lwezingqwele zakithi Nant’ ihele Longqondongqondo Nant’ ihele Losibakhulu Udwendwe Udwendwe Iwezingqwele zakithi

THE PROCESSION Who are those?

Which, Falalala?

I see them coming Walking with swinging garments They are wearing head rings Where do they come from?

Who are those?

They are people with knowledge They are people in authority These are the ones What is that?

It is a procession A procession of our heroes It is a procession A procession of our champions Here is a procession Of people of knowledge Here is a procession Of people of knowledge A procession A procession of our heroes

Ihele is known as the ‘Black’ Gaudeamus Igitur. In song, the writer, Mnomiya uses very poetic language to describe a graduation ceremony. The soloist sings of the ‘strange’ procession of people in long robes and head gear. The choir responds by saying that these people are academics who read profound books of knowledge.

Mnomiya goes on to say that the graduates are an inspiration to all of us, and we will also graduate like them one day. The song goes on to wish the graduates well and it ends with a resounding “Halala” (well done!).

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GAUDEAMUS

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Gaudeamus igitur Juvenes dum sumus Post jucundum juventutem Post molestam senectutem Nos habebit humus.

Let us rejoice therefore While we are young.

After a pleasant youth After a troublesome old age The earth will have us.

Ubi sunt qui ante nos In mundo fuere?

Vadite ad superos Transite in inferos Hos si vis videre.

Where are they Who were in the world before us?

You may cross over to heaven You may go to hell If you wish to see them.

Vita nostra brevis est Brevi finietur.

Venit mors velociter Rapit nos atrociter Nemini parcetur.

Our life is brief It will be finished shortly.

Death comes quickly Atrociously, it snatches us away.

No one is spared.

Vivat academia Vivant professores Vivat membrum quodlibet Vivat membra quaelibet Semper sint in flore.

Long live the academy!

Long live the teachers!

Long live each male student!

Long live each female student!

May they always flourish!

Vivant omnes virgines Faciles, formosae.

Vivant et mulieres Tenerae amabiles Bonae laboriosae.

Long live all maidens Easy and beautiful!

Long live mature women also, Tender and loveable And full of good labor.

Vivant et republica et qui illam regit.

Vivat nostra civitas, Maecenatum caritas Quae nos hic protegit.

Long live the State And the One who rules it!

Long live our City And the charity of benefactors Which protects us here!

Pereat tristitia, Pereant osores.

Pereat diabolus, Quivis antiburschius Atque irrisores.

Let sadness perish!

Let haters perish!

Let the devil perish!

Let whoever is against our school Who laughs at it, perish!

ACADEMIC DRESS The academic dress of this University is patterned on that of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, with modifications based on the model of the University of London and certain individual features, particularly in the costumes of office bearers and the hoods of degreesof bachelor and master.

Dress for Office Bearers • The Chancellor wears a scarlet silk gown with a broad facing of black velvet down each side, embroidered in gold and a black velvet cap with gold cord and tassels.

• The Vice-Chancellor and Principal wears a blue silk gown with a broad facing of gold silk down each side, embroidered in blue, the sleeves being lined with gold silk.

The cap is of the same design as that of the Chancellor.

• The Chairman of Council wears a black silk gown with a broad facing of red velvet down each side and around the neck, the sleeves being lined with gold silk. The cap is of the same design as that of the Chancellor.

• The academic dress of the Deputy Vice-Chancellors and the Executive Directors is the same as that of the Vice-Chancellor and Principal, except that the colour of the facing and sleeves of the gown and of the cord and tassels of the cap is silver-grey.

• The gown of the President of Convocation is of blue silk, with a broad facing of gold silk down each side, the sleeves being lined with white silk. The cap is the same as that of the Chancellor, but with a blue cord and tassels.

• The Registrar wears a black silk gown with a broad facing of blue silk down each side, bordered with gold braid. The cap is the same as that of the President of Convocation.

• A member of Council wears a black silk gown with a broad facing of gold silk. The cap is the same as that of the Chancellor.

• The gown of the President of the Students’ Representative Council is black with a broad facing of blue satin.

Graduands’ Gowns • The gowns for all degrees of bachelor and master of the University are black, of the same pattern as the gown for a Master of Arts at the University of Oxford.

• The gown for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is scarlet, after the University of London pattern.

• The gown for a senior doctorate is the same as that for the PhD, but with a gold satin facing on each side of the gown and with the sleeve button and cord in gold.

The Academic Hood The academic hood is the principal feature of the costume for holders of our degrees of bachelor and master. The hood for the PhD is standard, regardless of the Faculty in which the degree was obtained. It is scarlet silk, lined with white silk.

Degree Colours The hoods reflect the colour or colours of a particular degree or associated degrees.

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THE UNIVERSITY MACE

Maces were originally weapons of defence, designed to break through armour. In medieval times, bishops carried a mace instead of a sword into battle to enable them to defend themselves in accordance with the canonical rule that forbade a priest to shed blood. In time, the mace has come to be regarded as a symbol of delegated authority vested in a person or an institution. At this University, it is a symbol of the authority vested in the Chancellor and a reminder of the mandate given by the legislature of this country to the University to grant degrees.

The University mace is the work of the Edinburgh designer, silversmith and engraver, William Kirk, who designed and made the mace of the University of Stirling and of other institutions. It is silver-and gold-plated, is 1070 millimetres long and 180 millimetres broad and weighs seven kilograms. The heraldic devices used in the decoration reflect the character of this University as an institution of learning, set in a mining centre within the Republic of South Africa.

The head of the mace with its spreading vertical blades is symbolic of the horns of a springbok. The central vertical spike is representative of a rock drill on the mine, and the amber stone set in the head is intended as a tribute to a past Chancellor through its association with his name, Bernstein, which in German means amber stone. The heavy quality of the head is consistent with the traditional concept of the mace as a weapon of defence. The collar repeats the shape of the head. It consists of eight cogs which symbolise the cog-wheel in the University coat of arms and represents mining and industry. The shaft is octagonal and divided into three sections. The coat of arms of the University is placed on the shaft under the collar. Below this the words Universitas Witwatersrandensis Johannesburgi: are inscribed, followed by the date in Roman numerals – MCMLXXVI (1977) – which signifies the year of the dedication of the mace.

The mace is a symbolic portrayal of this University, this city, the Witwatersrand and the Republic of South Africa. It is a constant reminder to members of Council and Senate to uphold at all times the rights, powers and privileges of the University and its governing bodies.

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EMERGENCY AND FIRE PLANS DURING GRADUATIONS 1. In the event of an emergency and/or fire: • The presiding official (Chancellor/Vice-Chancellor/Deputy Vice-Chancellor) will make an announcement requesting guests, graduands and staff to keep calm and remain seated; • The Ushers will assist guests to proceed to the nearest Emergency exits in order to evacuate the Great Hall in an orderly fashion; • Emergency exit signs are visible, in red, above all exit doors situated on your left and right hand sides, as well as the back of the Hall; • The Ushers will assist the elderly and disabled guests out of the building; • The academic procession on stage must exit through the back stage door; • Once outside the Great Hall, all guests, graduands and staff must proceed to the main assembly point on the piazza.

2. In the event of a Bomb threat All bomb threats will be treated as real in order to protect lives and property and the premises will be evacuated immediately.

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NATIONAL ANTHEM

Nkosi sikelel’ iAfrika Maluphakanyisw’ uphondo lwayo, Yizwa imithandazo yethu, Nkosi sikelela Thina lusapho lwayo.

Morena boloka setjhaba sa heso, O fedise dintwa le matshwenyeho, O se boloke, O se boloke setjhaba sa heso, Setjhaba sa, South Afrika — South Afrika.

Uit die blou van onse hemel, Uit die diepte van ons see, Oor ons ewige gebergtes, Waar die kranse antwoord gee, Sounds the call to come together, And united we shall stand, Let us live and strive for freedom In South Africa our land.

The Wits Choir The Wits Choir has been under the direction of conductor and trainer, Dalene Hoogenhout, since 1995. Their repertoire is colourful and vibrant. They perform regularly at graduations and important ceremonies. The Wits Choir has toured internationally as well as playing host to other choirs here. They are also active in the community, undertaking choral outreach programmes.