THE OASIS | Kelly Wong MArch Thesis by Kelly Wong

THE OASIS

Co-working space as restorative pocket to heal occupational stress WONG Ka Wing, Kelly

THE OASIS Co-working space as restorative pocket to heal occupational stress by WONG Ka Wing, Kelly Supervised by: Prof. Sebastian Law

A Thesis Submitted to the School of Architecture, CUHK in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture

School of Architecture The Chinese University of Hong Kong May 2019

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere gradtitude to my professor Sebastian Law for the continuous support of my Master degree study and related research, for his passion, encouragement and immense knowledge. His guidance helped me in all the time of research and design process of this thesis.

Besides my advisor, I would like to thank the thesis committee for providing insightful comments and encouragement during the process. In addition, special thanks to my friends and family, in particular our thesis group for sharing and supporting throughout the year.

CONTENT SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Thesis Statement 1.2 Current Stress Phenomenon SECTION 2. BACKGROUND AND THEORETICAL RESEARCH 2.1 Stress Understanding SECTION 3. STATISTICAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS 3.1 Findings about Stress in Hong Kong 3.2 Findings about Occupational Stress in Hong Kong SECTION 4. PRACTICAL RESEARCH AND PRECEDENT

SECTION 7. PROGRAM SELECTION 7.1 Green Co-working Complex SECTION 8. MASTER PLAN DEVELOPMENT STUDY 8.1 Urban Place Accessibility Study 8.2 Master Planning 8.3 Master Plan Massing Study SECTION 9. DESIGN DRAWINGS 9.1 The Oasis 9.2 Design Concept

4.1 Green Space Study

9.3 Building Drawings

4.2 Workplace De-stress Study

9.4 Exterior Perspectives

4.3 Spatial and Restorative Design Study

9.5 Interior Perspectives

SECTION 5. POTENTIAL SITE STUDY

9.6 Construction Details

5.1 Star Ferry Car Park (Statue Square), Central 5.2 Tsun Yip Street Playground, Kwun Tong SECTION 6. SITE UNDERSTANDING 6.1 Site Background 6.2 Site History and Transformation 6.3 Urban Context: Landmark 6.4 Urban Context: Transportation and Pedestrian Network

SECTION 10. DESIGN MODELS 10.1 1:2000 Context Model 10.2 1:500 Study Models 10.3 1:350 Sectional Model SECTION 11. FINAL PANEL BIBLIOGRAPHY

1 INTRODUCTION

SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Thesis Statement Living in nowadays fast paced world, stress is inevitable and there are raised concern on its association with harmful qualities and mental health problem. This thesis aims at investigating the main triggers of stress problems in recent years, so to develop Architectural strategies that help in balancing stress and de-stress on a daily basis. While research reveals the facts that social isolation and a disconnection with nature has become the main factors of nowadays mental health problem, the relationship between city blocks and pocket gardens are put into study. This helps in providing strategies on the arrangement of functional space, meeting space and green restorative space, as well as the dynamism and variation of spatial experience that encourage exploration and creation. To enhance the study of spatial experience to de-stress, precedents of restorative, meditation and meeting space are also tested and studied, which analyse an effective and immediate journey to isolate the city chaos to relax, then rejoin the community to share. Based on the analysis of Hong Kong mental health report in recent years, occupational stress is the main source of stress and has a lack of mental health supporting facilities for the related group. The project therefore focuses on providing an Oasis in the heart of the central business district in Hong Kong, which promotes a new co-working routine and environment to highlight the significance of connection with nature and social interaction to de-stress constantly. Keywords: Green | De-stress | Social Interaction | Co-working | Dynamism

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1.2 CURRENT STRESS PHENOMENON Stress and Mental Health problems are found in all age group, and in recent years, the increased number in news report and survey on mental health problem and suicide issue have aroused concern on the emergency of dealing with stress in a proper way.

The Stress Album

EXTRACT FROM SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST

RS FROM KONG OWS

ure’, social worker says

ALL WORK AND NO PLAY MAKES HONGKONGERS THE WORLD’S FIFTH MOST STRESSED POPULATION The city’s millennials claim to be most stressed, blaming long working hours, low salaries and unaffordable housing, according to a survey by US insurer Cigna 10 July, 2018

EXTRACT FROM SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST

ONE IN THREE YOUNG HONGKONGERS SUFFERS FROM STRESS, ANXIETY OR DEPRESSION, HONG KONG PLAYGROUND ASSOCIATION SURVEY SHOWS Despite city’s affluence, young people ‘do not have comfortable lives ... and each bear their own pressure’, social worker says 06 June, 2018

EXTRACT FROM SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST

LY TO KILL and sadness are just parts

ELDERLY HONGKONGERS ARE WAY MORE LIKELY TO KILL THEMSELVES THAN OTHERS. WHY? Social work expert says people underestimate the scale of the problem, thinking that abnormal behaviour and sadness are just parts of ageing. Therefore, many elderly do not get help with their feelings 06 June, 2018

EXTRACT FROM MOTHER NATURE NETWORK

YOU NEED MORE EUSTRESS IN YOUR LIFE Most people are pretty good at nourishing themselves when they’ve had a rough day, but we also need to remember to recharge even after positive events...A balance between work activities and fun activities is important, but a balance of eustress and leisure is also an important focus November 1, 2018

2 BACKGROUND AND THEORETICAL RESEARCH

SECTION 2. BACKGROUND AND THEORETICAL RESEARCH

2.1 STRESS UNDERSTANDING History and Development on Stress Concept Since Ancient China, philosophers like Laozi, Confucius and Buddha had given some visions on positive and depressed emotions. These Chinese philosophies usually focused on meditation and human behaviors and deeds that led to inner peace and optimism while the western philosophy in later century were more on the social study and medical research aspects. Not until the 20th century did the term “stress” had its first appearance in Psychological Abstracts and this had not only inspired new theories and research on stress, it also significantly changed the concept of mental health treatment, from the provision of an immoral and community isolated environment to an ethical and community connected healing surrounding. Before the 20th century, philosophers and scientists like René Descartes, George Beard and Claude Bernard had already proposed their theories on mind and body, and how the surrounding atmosphere could affect the development of mental illness. But due to the lack of support in psychological and medical aspects, people with mental health illness were considered mad and were sent to private madhouse where treatment were immoral and varied according to their ability to pay. Although there was continuous development of new asylums, mental illness was still considered moral weakness possessed by the devil so the patients needed to be locked away from the community. In the early 20th century when the term “stress” was psychologically defined, professionals started to study stress in a social level. A philosopher William James proposed the school of functionalism that concerned with the function of mental and behavioral processes and how was it socially useful and affected the daily lives of people. Later, a physiologist, Walter Cannon’s theory of body homeostasis and fight and flight response towards stress had marked down an important page in the tudy of stress, it suggested the significance of a stable social system in relation to a stable physical and mental condition of individuals, and that this stability and homeostasis could prepare one for imagination, skill development and adventures.

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In the mid and late 20th century, being influenced by the theories of William James and Walter In the mid and late 20th century, being influenced by the theories of William James and Walter Cannon, an endocrinologist called Hans Selye further elaborate the theories to better define the concept of stress into good stress and bad stress. The scientist called Harold Wolff also evolved the concept into relationship between life experience and stress which inspired the study of degree of stressfulness of events in the social environment. Moreover, a sociologist Nikolas Rose studied workplace environment in relation to workersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; mental stability, which also affected industrial efficiency. Apart from studying stress as an illness and abnormality, a psychologist Abraham Harold Maslow proposed the hierarchy of needs, which focused on the study of achieving real happiness and actual mental health. All the new theories and studies made during the 20th century had influenced the invention of medical treatment and various therapies, which also inspired improvement in the environment of mental health institutions to protect human rights. Stress and mental illness were also considered social welfare problem thus community mental health centers were established. These centers aimed at supporting people with anxieties instead of those seriously mental ill, activities were provided to encourage positive mental health. This path of development of mental health supporting facilities has given idea on future design, which should focus on community, social connection as well as the capability of boosting positive mental health on a daily basis.

ABRAHAM MASLOW AND THE HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

SECTION 2. BACKGROUND AND THEORETICAL RESEARCH

Stress and The Hierarchy of Needs As boosting positive mental health should be one of the criteria in future design of mental health supporting facilities, the theory of Abraham Maslow was further studied. Maslow focused on studying positive Maslow’s Hierarchy Needs focused on possessing mental health of and theory of happiness instead people’s inner resources healing, of the abnormal andfor thegrowth ill, as and guided by the achieving actual happiness and developing power idea that people possess the inner resources for to withstand present and future growth and healing, actual thwarting happinesssuch and asthe frustration, anxiety, fear, etc. The Hierarchy of needs development of power to withstand present and couldfuture be summarized into 3 levels, including basic thwarting such as frustration, anxiety, fear needs, psychological needs and self-fulfillment needs. etc. The order of needs should be flexible according to external circumstances or individual differences. "It is quite true that by bread alone For example, designers mayman put lives creativity and self— when there is fundamental no bread. But what fulfillment as the most need andhappens a person to man’s desires when plenty ofmay bread and who is experiencing life atthere a veryis low level only when his belly is chronically filled? want basic needs. Moreover, Maslow suggested that people have been satisfied in their basic needs -Abraham “Motivation inand Personality”, throughout theirMaslow, lives, particularly their earlier years,1970 would develop exceptional power to withstand present or future thwarting. To elaborate Maslow’s theory, the flexible arrangement of needs inspired that the sequence to de-stress and achieve happiness should vary according to different group of people.

Selfactualization needs:

Self- fulfillment needs

full potential achievement, creativity etc.

Esteem needs:

desire for achievement, confidence, freedom, reputation, status, importance, fame etc.

Belongingness and love needs:

Psychological needs

giving and receiving love from family, friends, neighbours, colleagues etc.

Safety needs:

security, stability, dependency, protection, freedom from fear, from anxiety and chaos, need for structure, order, law, limits etc.

Physiological needs:

food, water, warmth, rest, sensory pleasure, salary, stable employment

Basic needs

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Interpretation of The Hierarchy of Needs Theorder orderofofneeds needsisisflexible flexibleaccording according to external external circumstances or 1.1.The circumstances or individual differences individual differences

Direction of of of importance 2.2. Direction ofneed needand andorder order importance

rarchy of Needs Interpretation of The Hierarchy of Needs

e1.according to needs external The order of is flexible according to external differences circumstances or individual differences eg.1: An aggressive person (self esteem>love)

2. Direction of need and order ofof need and order of 2. Direction 3. Relationship of motivation and personality importance importance

eg.2: Designers may have creativity as the most fundamental need

eg.3: A person who is experiencing life at a very low level

power to withstand present or future anxiety or fear

Basic needs satisfied 1

Physiological needs

Age

100

3. Relationship of motivation and personality

3. Relationship of motivation and personality 3. Relationship power to withstand present Esteem needsof motivation and personality Basic needs satisfied

or future anxiety or fear power to withstand present eg.3: A person who isSafety needs Age Basic needs satisfied 1 or future anxiety or fear 100 experiencing life at a very Self-actualization power to withstand present Basic needs satisfied low level Age or future anxiety or fear Belongingness 1 100 throughMaslow suggested that “people have been satisfied in their basic needs ndamental need low level Age and love needs out their lives, particularly in their earlier 100 years, seem to develop exception1 eg.4: psychopathic eg.5: A sudden change in Physiological needs al power to withstand present or future thwarting of these needs because personality that has lost life experience may lead Esteem needs power to withstand present they have strong, healthy character structure as a result of basic satisfaction. Basic needs satisfied Physiological needs the need of love to re-evaluation of the or future anxiety or fear power to withstand present importance of basic needs Safety needsBasic needs satisfied Esteem needs Age Source of data: Abraham Maslow, “Motivation 100 and Personality”, 1 1 Self-actualization or future anxiety or fear

eg.1: An aggressive person eg.2: Designers may have (selfmay esteem>love) the is most Designers have eg.3: Acreativity person as who fundamental ativity as the most experiencing life at a need very

Safety needs

Self-actualization eg.4: psychopathic personality that has lost the need of love

udden change in erience may lead valuation of the nce of basic needs

eg.5: Belongingness A sudden change in life experience may lead and love needs to re-evaluation of the importance of basic needs

Belongingness and love 1 needs

Age

Maslow suggested that “people have been satisfied in their basic 100 needs throughout their lives, particularly in their earlier years, seem to develop exceptional power to withstand present or future thwarting of these needs because Maslow suggested that “people have been satisfied in their basic needs throughthey have strong, healthy character structure as a result of basic satisfaction.

out their lives, particularly in their earlier years, seem to develop exceptional power to withstand present or future thwarting of these needs because data: Abraham “Motivation and Personality”, 1970 they have strong, healthy character structureSource as a ofresult of basicMaslow, satisfaction. Source of data: Abraham Maslow, “Motivation and Personality”, 1970

SECTION 2. BACKGROUND AND THEORETICAL RESEARCH

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Stress is a response to a threat in a situation and anxiety is a reaction to the stress.â&#x20AC;? In our lives, it is normal to experience stress and anxiety at different time, but it can become a bigger issue or even lead to depression if one cannot release and reset the stress response after a difficult situation. As predicted by World Health organization, depression will become the second leading cause of disease worldwide by 2020. According to the Stress Survey conducted by the Mental Health Foundation of UK, people with a diagnosed mental health condition are at a higher risk of committing suicide, more than 90% of suicides and suicide attempts have been found to be associated with a mental disorder. Around the world, the highest rates of suicide were associated with depressive disorders. Moreover, the experience of stressful life events were one of the major factors leading to depressive symptoms and depression, with 32% of adults who experienced stress at some point in their lives had considered attempting suicide.

3 times

In recent years, the global suicide rate and global population with anxiety disorder and depression have aroused the concern on relieving stress, as more than half of the global population has shown moderate to severe mental disorder problem.

Depression patient %

Stress, Suicide and Mental Health

Global ratio

Hong Kong ratio

Source of data: Hong Kong Hospital Authority, 2013

1981-2017 Hong Kong Suicide Statistics Source of data: The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention (CSRP)

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Global suicide rate Global population anxiety disorder

with

(per 100 000 population) <5.0

5->6%

5.0-9.9

4-5%

10.0-14.9

3-4%

â&#x2030;Ľ15.0

2-3%

Not applicable

No data

Source of data: World Health Organization, 2016

Source of data: IHME, Global Burden of Disease, 2016

Global population with Depression 6->6.5% 5.5-6% 5-5.5%

Suicide rate at 1639 districts in HK (median population 1860)

4.5-5 4-4.5

2.26-2.77

3.5-4

1.20-2.26

3-3.5

0.90-1.20

2.5-3

0.74-0.90

2-2.5 No data

Source of data: IHME, Global Burden of Disease, 2016

0.23-0.74 Source of data: Hong Kong Economic Journal, 2015

SECTION 2. BACKGROUND AND THEORETICAL RESEARCH

Stress, Social Connection and Interaction with Nature In the book “The Happiness Track” published in 2016 by the author Dr. Emma Seppala, she suggested that social connection could lead to positive social, emotional and physical well-being. As extracted in her book, “People who feel more connected to others have lower levels of anxiety and depression. Moreover, studies show they also have higher self-esteem, greater empathy for others, are more trusting and cooperative and, as a consequence, others are more open to trusting and cooperating with them.” Across the Globe, the lack of social bonding and connection with neighborhoods were found to be the major factor of social stress, and social isolation was recognized by urban authorities as the major risk factor for many illness. Urban living and social interaction were therefore crucial in reducing stress level of people, but the kind of meaningful social interactions do not come easily in the cities. To tackle the problem of social isolation, it is important to design and build in a way that encourages interaction and connection. Survey also found that green space in the cities could improve physical and mental health. For example, the downtown building in Vancouver has ensured that residents have a decent view of the mountain, forest and ocean. Having its design and building policies to accommodate natural greenery within the urban context, Vancouver was often surveyed as one of the most popular cities to live in.

3 STATISTICAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

SECTION 3. STATISTICAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

3.1 FINDINGS ABOUT STRESS IN HONG KONG Stress, Age and Gender According to the Mental Health Report of the Baptist Oi Kwan Social Service in 2017 and 2018, the Mental Health Report of The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions in 2017 and the Press Conference held by The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention in 2017, Women are more likely to suffer from stress in daily life events but men has a higher suicide rate than women, the phenomenon is due to men has a lower willingness to share difficulties and stress related problem. For the suicide rate by age, people aged 60 or above has the highest suicide rate but it shows a drop in recent years, which can be seen as the result of the improvement in elderly community services. Those aged between 25 to 59 are the second group more likely to attempt or complete suicide. The statistic also shows that there is a constant growth of suicide rate for people aged 15-24 since 2014. In contribution to the suicide rate, people aged 25-59 suffer the highest level of stress, with 85.9% of people aged 25-39 and 76.8% of people aged 40-59 constantly experience stress in their daily lives. The main source of stress for the 2 age groups come from work and peer pressure. The other group suffering high level of stress is those aged 15-24, 62.8% of them constantly experience stress with 30.2% have moderate to extremely severe depression. The main source of stress in this age group comes from academic and social relationship. For those aged below 13 and 60 or above, both group have more than 10% of people suffer from stress constantly. The main source of stress for aged below 13 is academic while for aged 60 or above are usually stressed because of social and family relationship as well as financial issue.

Page 23

HK Suicide rate by gender , 2017

HK Suicide rate by age , 2017

Female

Male

Below 13

15-24

25-39

40-59

60 or above

13.2% have stress

62.8% have stress

85.9% have stress

76.8% have stress

9.7% have severe depression

30.2% have moderate to extremely severe depression

Main source of stress:

For elderly below 80 years old, 13% have stress and 20.2% for those at or above 80

Future Career

Occupational stress

Peer Pressure

Main source of stress: Academic

Main source of stress: Academic, social relationship

Main source of stress: Social relationship Family relationship Finance

SECTION 3. STATISTICAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

Reason of Stress Based on the Stress Index Report 2015 and the Mental Health Index Report 2017 analyzed by the Hong Kong Mental Health Foundation, The major reasons of stress can be defined into 8 categories, including Finance (21.9%), Living Condition (14.2%), Social Environment (10.3%), Love (9.1%), Family Relationship (7.5%), Health (6.2%), Friendship (5.5%) and Academic (4.6%). And finance, living condition and social environment are the top three sources of stress. To better understand the reason of stress, the top three sources can be further elaborated. The stress in finance usually comes from poor living condition, family burden and poor health condition while a lack of social activities, recreational facilities build up the stress in living condition. Moreover, the statistics also proves the theory that social interaction is important to a physically and mentally healthier society. Social environment including social isolation, a lack of social activities and the overwhelming image crafting world are also the major factors leading to stress in Hong Kong people.

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New environ

men t eer

Lacking self-explora ti o n

7.5

e Financ ion ndit o C g Livin en burd Family h Healt

Frie ndshi p

5.5%

Heal

6.2%

21.9%

Love

9.1%

14.2

ion dit Con Living i es vit cti ti al a ili soci ac Lacking al f tion crea den Lacking re bur cial Finan

Why are you STRESSED?

Pee r pre ssure Lack com in m un i g cation

4.6%

Re Fam lat ily ion sh ip

exe rcis e

Lackin g

1.9%

Academi c

munication com ng cki

Lackin g sl eep

Others

La c

com Lack mu ing and nica tim tio e

orld gw s n i t vitie raf acti c l a e i oc ion ag m ng s isolat l ki cia so ent nm o r vi En l a i oc .3% 10

Future car

SECTION 3. STATISTICAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

Coping with stress The Stress Index Report 2015 and the Mental Health Index Report 2017 analyzed by the Hong Kong Mental Health Foundation have raised concern on the willingness to deal with stress by Hong Kong people. To cope with stress, positive solution like Exercise (14%), Chat with friends (11%), Food (10%), Movie (10%), Travel (10%), Digital Game (8%) and Shopping (5%) were suggested by the interviewee. What aroused concern was that apart from exercise being the top choice of dealing with stress, negative solution of ignoring the stress problem also resulted in 14%, and with only 1% of people would seek for professional consultation. Although exercise was chosen to be the most common solution to deal with stress, there were still 30% of people that did not actually workout to de-stress. The reason behind this was mainly due to a lack of time (61.5%), a lack of energy (25.6%), financial concern (8.4%) and a lack of urban space for constant workout (4.5%).

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No 29 .

.8%

Yes

c 2%oho l

25.6%

tir Too ed

4.5%

Why donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t you workout to DE-STRESS?

No time

ie Mov

8.4

61.5%

5% ho p

No cial space n a n in ncer o %

Fo od

l ve Tra

Cha t with frie nd s

10%

Digital Game

14%

How do you cope with STRESS? 11%

Actually workout to

DE-STRESS?

Exe rcis

ep Sle

Ign o pro r b

Profes

he et m le

Other

sional Con 1% sulta ti o

SECTION 3. STATISTICAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

30 mins or above aerobic exercise

Stress, Social Connection and Interaction with Nature The importance of social interaction and urban green space that discussed in earlier section are also applied to Hong Kong. Based on the Mental Health Index Report 2017 analyzed by the Hong Kong Mental Health Foundation, social interaction was found to have positive relation with mental health. Three different kinds of activities including aerobic exercise for 30 mins or above, nature discovery and entertainment are used to analyze the relationship of social interaction with the mental health index. All of the three activities showed that the mental health index were the highest when people always attended with family or friends while the index was the lowest when they seldom attended individually or never attended any of the activities. Moreover, the statistic also demonstrated that people participated in exercise and nature discovery more often would have a healthier mental condition. Apart from the statistic provided by the Hong Kong Mental Health Index Report, an article from BBC News titled â&#x20AC;&#x153; The hidden way that architecture affect how you feelâ&#x20AC;? released on 6 June 2017 claimed that the main trigger of nowadays stress and mental problem is greatly affected by the lack of social bonding and cohesion in neighbourhoods. It suggested the significance of living and working near restorative, green space to improve physical and mental health condition, example like Vancouver city which has its downtown building policies of ensuring their residents to have a decent view of the mountains, forest and ocean.

Mental Health index

Nature discovery

Mental Health index

Entertainment

Mental Health index

never attended seldom attend individually seldom attend with family or frineds always attend individually always attend with family or friends

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Community Mental Health support in Hong Kong In recent years, community mental health support started to provide a more creative, comfortable and interactive way for tackling stress-related health problem. For example, in 2017, The Caritas Youth and Community Service, Caritas charrette center introduced the scheme of “Healing with Creative Art”, apart from only providing mental health test and consultation in the past, art workshop, interactive art jamming and breathing exercise were added to the programs. In 2018, in order to provide a more comfortable platform to encourage people to share their mental problem without embarrassment, a 24 hours mental health online platform to provide professional consultation was set up together by Caritas Hong Kong, The Boys’ & Girls’ Association of Hong Kong and The Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups. The project of the creative art targeted people aged 12-24 and the online platform targeted people aged 11-35. Community mental health support for the elderly also changed from an formal care center to a more interactive approach, for example, the Hong Kong Society for the Aged has constantly encourage the elderly employment scheme in recent years, which aims at helping the retired adults or elderly to re-connect to the city neighborhood and re-consider their value and potential. After the research into the community mental health support facilities in Hong Kong, it appears that a comfortable platform should be provided in future de-stress design, it should provide programs that constantly de-stress people without their realization according to their needs. Moreover, it also inspired me to consider the target group of people that are in need of mental health support. The current facilities usually targeted lower age group or elderly aged 60 or above, thus more urban facilities should be provided for people aged 30-59, as this group of people were suffering the highest level of stress as analyzed in the mental health report, but a lack of de-stress related activities were designed based on their actual needs.

ote ls

SECTION 3. STATISTICAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS nficts Co ith w rs io sen ce me ti

S Fam acrifi ily

% 6.6

.5% 10

onsibility of Resp mistakes

9.6%

Risk / Safety

% of people suffer from stress

du ty

working hour per week

Research also found that the longer the working hours, the higher level of stress a worker will suffer. Having longer working hour will reduce time for rest and social activities with friends and family, thus less time to de-stress afterIDEAL a long day WORKERS’ of work.

ENVIRONMENT

WORK

ur g ho kin or

safety (9.6%), non-office duty (9.1%), Responsibility of mistakes (8%), Sacrifice of family time (6.6%) and conflicts with seniors (6%).

Based on the Stress report released by The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions, major group of occupation that suffer high level of stress include Community Service (83%), Construction (81%), Finance and Insurance (75.6%), Transportation and Communication (75%), Retail, Restaurants and Hotels (73.8%) Relationship of Stress and Working hour and Manufacturing (71.3%).

WHY ARE WORKERS STRESSED? 9.1

-offi Non

Stress and Occupation

Research have found that the longer the working hours, the higher level of stress a worker will suffer. Having longer working hour willhours reduce (19%), time for rest and socialby The major factor of occupational stress is long working followed activities with friends and family, thus less poor office environment and a lack of team support (10.5%), concern on risk and time to de-stress after a long day work.

Current Hong Kong Mental Health support facilities show a lack of consideration Reason of occupational stress for the age group of 30-59. As discussed in earlier section “Stress, Age and Gender”, Major thus factors occupational of occupational stress the main source of stress of this group is occupation, stressis is long working hour, followed by poor office further studied, which should focus on white collars’ needs and their stress-related environment and a lack of team support. problem.

Lon gw

ffi r ce am onm sup ent port

3.2 FINDINGS ABOUT OCCUPATIONAL STRESS IN HONG KONG

O i v en Te

Re t es ail tra tau de ho rants tels

ce me ti

6.6

io n

ct ru t s Con

Relationship of Stress and Working hour nficts Co ith w found Research have that the longer the iors Lon n e s

.5%

onsibility of Resp mistakes

.0%

WHY ARE WORKERS STRESSED? % 9.1

Re t es ail tra tau de ho rants tels

-offi Non

nsportation Tra mmunication Co

73.

75.9%

75.6%

Financing Insurance

Major factors of occupational stress is long working hour, followed by poor office WHICH environment and a lack of team support.

OCCUPATION?

S Fam acrifi ily

1.3% Reason of occupational stress .0%

Lon gw

9.6%

du ty

Risk / Safety

ffi ro ce am nm sup ent port

tu r

nficts Co ith w rs io sen

Page 31

ur g ho kin or

Co m

ity

Manuf ac

g in

un m

ce servi

ct ru t s Con

and Healthcare services.

O i v en Te

SECTION 3. STATISTICAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

WORKERS’ IDEAL WORK ENVIRONMENT

MEETING

TEMPERATURE

NATURAL LIGHT

NOISE

PERSONAL BOOKING ZONE SYSTEM

DECORATION

OFFICE LIGHTING

INDOOR AIR

STORAGE

INFORMAL CONNECZONE TION

PLANT

ATRIUM

ART

VARIATION

RESTAURANT

TEA

DESK

CHAIR

Workers’ ideal work environment Based on a UK survey on what workers wanted in their workplace, apart from better physical features and indoor working environment such as desk and chair, provision of different meeting rooms, control of lighting, noise and indoor air, decoration, informal zone, personal zone, etc. Workers also suggested that service features like welling being facilities, gym and fitness centre, choice of restaurants and shower facilities nearby or within the office could contribute to a more satisfying and effective workplace environment.

GYM

HEALTH

POST ROOM

PARKING

GYM

RECEPTION

AUDIO VISUAL

SIGNAGE SHOWER

GUEST ACCESS

Page 33

Appropriateness of current De-stress facilities in Hong Kong To help the problem of stress, there are currently some meditation centers in Hong Kong which aim at promoting the importance of breathing and relaxing. For example, Vipassana Meditation Center in Lantau Island, Ananda Marga Meditation Centre in Kwai Chung industrial building, Kadampa Meditation Centre in Casueway bay and Diamond Way Buddhist Hong Kong in Sheung Wan. The problems are that these centers are usually in an inconvenient location or not within the urban context. They provide rigid activities, formal class and seminars instead of allowing the development of creativity and imagination. Moreover, some require long stay in the center in order to learn meditation such as the Vipassana Meditation Center. This gives idea that my de-stress design should not be a traditional Meditation Center, it should first take care of the needs of white collars. Long working hours that contributes to a lack of time and energy to deal with stress should be considered, the future design of de-stress facility should be easily accessible from workplace, and provide more interactive and interesting programs to encourage people to actively de-stress.

Vipassana Meditation Center in Lantau Island

Kadampa Meditation Centre in Casueway Bay

4 PRACTICAL RESEARCH AND PRECEDENT

SECTION 4. PRACTICAL RESEARCH AND PRECEDENT

4.1 Green Space Study

Green Pockets, New York

As research shows the importance of living and working near green and restorative open space to lower stress level, A Network and Types of Green Pockets in city planning is studied. From the city planning of New York and Japan, it shows mainly three types of green pockets: Type 1: Center Park, this is usually a large open and green space at the heart of the city, with plenty of access routes from the surrounding context, i.e. highly accessible.

Type One: Center Park

Type 2: Dispersed over programmes, these are small but efficient pocket space located in between buildings. They are easily accessible and serve as immediate stress relieving points near homes or offices. Type 3: Separation boundary of programmes, they usually appear as a linear green space along roads or pedestrian street to separate different functional districts. They are highly accessible as they serves as connecting zones where people must use the space in order to cross the districts. Type 4: Small scale greening element at denser, cultural exchange street. These are usually plantings along roads or pedestrian streets, and planters at shopfronts, roof, home gardens etc.

Type Two: Dispersed over programmes

Type Three: Separation boundary of programmes

Page 37 Green Pockets, Asakusa, Japan

Green Pockets, Central, Hong Kong

Type Three: Separation boundary of programmes

Type Two: Dispersed over programmes

Type One: Center Park

Type Four: small scale greening element at denser, cultural exchange street

Type One: Center Park

SECTION 4. PRACTICAL RESEARCH AND PRECEDENT

4.2 Workplace De-stress Study Second Home London Office, London, UK Second Home in London has a concept of co-working space with plenty of common space for relaxation and interaction to make office feels like home.

PRECEDENT: flexible co-working space

Daylight Curve

Second Home London Office Location: London, UK Area: 2400.0 m2

Sound Control

The project has a concept of co-working space with plenty of common space for relaxation and interaction to make office feels like home.

Infinite and cozy

Flexible space at the center as its main space to encourage more participation of various relaxing activities during the day.

Transparency Office as home

Journey to De-stress

Various elements in the office work together to help building up this relaxing and de-stress journey:

10a.m.

1p.m.

3p.m.

5p.m.

7p.m.

8p.m.

1. The features of trees, plants and indoor lake to provide a natural environment for de-stress 2. The meeting room at the center is a major flexible space that can hold different events during different time of a day. Its flexible character helps to encourage active participation and relaxation during the working hours. Technically, the large work table can rise to the ceiling to leave the room for any activities such as yoga, communal meal, movie watching, concert etc.

Flexible space to encourage participation and relaxation during working hours. The large work table can rise to the ceiling to leave the clean room for any activity.

The expansion features trees and plants that run from floor-to-ceiling, and a huge indoor lake to help workers de-stress with the natural environment.

y in the generation of intermittent sounds of ts of oil and the frenzie invited thoughts of the .. The only solution was t to compensate for the cation in which one was

ed out into the plaza aurant, where I properly ongruous and imposing r Cathedral, its red and eight-seven metres into

unk in tarry darkness, ive candles stood out, over mosaics and carved of the Cross. There were murmured prayer...” here been subsumed by

relief all that was led a yearning for one to

itecture Of Happiness”,

Page 39

Vanke Times Center, Beijing, China

PRECEDENT : relaxing office environment

Vanke Times Center in Beijing, China is Vanke a revitalization project Times Center Location: Chaoyang, Beijing, China of a former shopping mall. It aims at transforming the mall into a Area: 47000.0 m2 vibrant hub for the city, which provides a relaxing and inspiring office The project is a revitalization of a former shopping mall into a vibrant hub for the PRECEDENT city. To provide a more : relaxing office environment Office environment, artistic and creative public space forinspiring workers andartistic theand relaxing and office environment, creative space are included. The designed made Vanke Times has Center public. the building to be dynamic, a creative and light-filled Creative space

M Various elements in the complex work together to help

Office Meditation

Location: Chaoyang, Beijing, China

urban complex for both the Area: public47000.0 and m2 the tenants.

building up this relaxing and de-stress journey:

Retail

The project is a revitalization of a former shopping mall into a vibrant hub for the city. To provide a more relaxing and inspiring office environment, artistic and creative space are included. The designed has made the building to be dynamic, a creative and light-filled urban complex for both the public and the tenants.

Office

Office Meditation Creative space

Materials to De-stress

1: “Creative Living Room” as the entrance which has art installation to provide a playful overhead wonder and inspire creativity once people enter the complex.

Bamboo

Retail

Materials to De-stress

Natural anodized aluminium

Glass

Bamboo

White Gravel

Stone waterscape

Journey to De-stress

2: “Media Plaza” that provides scattered seating at Arrival the center of the complex. This has made up an ideal place for people to socialize and meeting in an informal way, which also connects the upper floor offices and underground commercial area for maximum communication.

Middle of the day Bamboo

Natural anodized aluminium

Glass

After long hours of work Bamboo White Gravel

Stone waterscape

Journey to De-stress Arrival

Middle of the day

After long hours of work

3: “Meditation Bamboo Garden” serves as an oasis for office workers to have some private room for meditation and restful escape during the workday. 4: For materiality, natural materials are used in the “Creative Living meeting place as well as in the meditation place to Room” Art installation to provides a playful overhead wonder to inspire creativity. provide a comfortable and relaxing atmosphere for destress without people’s realization.

“Media Plaza” Scattered seating make it an ideal venue for conferences, lectures, art exhibitions

“Meditation Bamboo Garden” oasis for office workers looking for a rest-

andLiving performances, a connection ful escape during the workdayBamboo Garden” Plaza” of upper “Meditation “Creative Room” or just a leisurely rest. It also serves as“Media Art installation to provides a playful overScattered seating make it an ideal venue for conferences, lectures, art exhibitions oasis for office workers looking for a restoffices and underground commercial area. head wonder to inspire creativity. and performances, or just a leisurely rest. It also serves as a connection of upper ful escape during the workday offices and underground commercial area.

SECTION 4. PRACTICAL RESEARCH AND PRECEDENT

National Library of Lithuania, Vilnius, Lithuania National Library of Lithuania was originally a national cultural institution that collected and preserved Lithuania’s written cultural heritage content, to ensure the preservation for the future generation. In 2016, new interior design was brought into the historic building, and many new functions were introduced to the library. Instead of moderating between the old heritage and the new library, the design aims at making a clear distinction to highlight the relation between the old and the new. Thus, in materiality, modern homogeneous structure of black furniture was used to introduce the new identity. To facilitate modern needs, new functional zones were added into the space, the major addition were few hundred working spaces for visitors and spaces for co-working, which targeted young professionals who loved working in café or in a small living room. The co-working space can provide sufficient data and information analysts for them, the most important feature was that this aimed at creating a community of professionals for social interaction and idea exchange, which provided a comfortable and interactive environment for young professionals and all who came to work. To better support the feature of providing a comfortable working environment, children’s activity center was added. This aimed at share parents’ stress by providing children daycare service for parents who would like to use the library service, not only the parents can explore and work with other professionals in the Library, young readers from 3 to 6 years also had a platform to interact and learn from different workshops. Other supporting functions newly added to the space included coffee shops, conference room, gallery, recording studio, cinema room, arts incubator, makerspace for students, etc. The National Library of Lithuania has developed a community for professionals to exchange idea, explore their own interests and develop their potential. More importantly, it provided a comfortable environment with the sufficient supporting facilities of basic and entertainment needs, which allowed working parents to work in a less stressed environment.

Page 41

SECTION 4. PRACTICAL RESEARCH AND PRECEDENT

4.3 Spatial and Restorative Design Study Apart from the arrangement of network of green pockets and the sequence of space that help in building up a restorative environment, it is important to study how spatial quality in architecture can connect physical features and emotions.

The Architecture of Happiness”, Alain de Botton In the book of “The Architecture of Happiness” by Alain de Botton, the author suggested that the performance of color to emotions were mainly due to the brightness and darkness of the colors and that the relationship was not fixed, it also changed with the context of relevant settings and situations. This is further illustrated by the experience of the author which he was stressed because of the bright lighting in a small restaurant, and therefore he ran out to another bright but open plaza to release his stress. This showed the first contrast in spatial scale. The second contrast was illustrated by the movement of the author from a bright outdoor of the plaza into a dark indoor of a church, this contrast in lighting has induced a sense of intimacy as well as comfort, which made the author feel like home and released all of his anxiety.

CHANGE OF ENVIRONMENT CHANGE OF AND EMOTION ENVIRONMENT FOR DISCOVERY

Page 43

AND EMOTION FORpapers DISCOVERY “Customers were eating alone, reading or staring

at the brown tiles...”

“Customers were eating alone, reading papers or staring

“The restaurant’s true talent lay in brown the generation of at the tiles...” anxiety. The harsh lighting, the intermittent sounds of “The truefrenzie talent lay in the generation of frozen fries being sunk into vats of restaurant’s oil and the harsh lighting, the intermittent sounds of behaviour of the counter staff anxiety. invitedThe thoughts of the frozen fries being sunk into vats of oil and the frenzie loneliness and meaninglessness...behaviour The only solution of the counterwas staff invited thoughts of the to continue to eat in an attemptloneliness to compensate for the The only solution was and meaninglessness... to continue to eat inone an attempt discomfort brought on by the location in which was to compensate for the discomfort brought on by the location in which one was doing so...” doing so...” “I cleared my table walked out into the plaza “I cleared my table and walked out into the and plaza immediately adjacent to the restaurant, where I properly immediately adjacent to the restaurant, where I properly noticed for the first time the incongruous and imposing noticed for the first time the incongruous and imposing Byzantine forms of Westminster Cathedral, its red and Byzantine forms of Westminsterwhite Cathedral, its redsoaring and eight-seven metres into brick campanile the foggy London skies...”into white brick campanile soaring eight-seven metres the foggy London skies...”

“I entered a cavernous hall, sunk in tarry darkness, against which a thousand votive candles stood out,

“I entered a cavernous hall, sunk in tarry darkness, their golden shadow flickering over mosaics and carved representations the stations against which a thousand votive candles ofstood out, of the Cross. There were smellsmosaics of incenseand and sounds their golden shadow flickering over carvedof murmured prayer...” representations of the stations of“The theanonymity Cross. There were of the street had here been subsumed by smells of incense and sounds of murmured ” ” a peculiar kindprayer... of intimacy... threw by into relief all that was “The anonymity of the street had“The here stonework been subsumed compromised and dull, and kindled a yearning for one to a peculiar kind of intimacy...” live up to its perfections...” Botton, Architecture “The stonework threw into - Alain reliefde all that“Thewas ideals of home, 2006 compromised and dull, and kindled a yearning for one to live up to its perfections...”

Vank

Locat Area:

The p mall relaxi creati the b urban

Of Happiness”,

- Alain de Botton, “The Architecture Of Happiness”, ideals of home, 2006

Jour

SECTION 4. PRACTICAL RESEARCH AND PRECEDENT

The Therme Vals, Switzerland, Peter Zumthor The therme Vals in Switzerland serves as a restorative place for the hotel visitors. With its contrast in spatial arrangement and the informal layout of internal space, it does not only allow usesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; exploration of space and maximize experience, it also creates a sequence for a restorative journey. Layers of experience of intimacy, filtering and meeting make up the corridor space before visitors enter the main space for relaxation. After the filtering process, the indoor main bath provides relaxation and also a place for meeting people. Narrow bath surrounding the main bath serves as space for isolation and meditation according to visitors need. And after the relaxation and meditation process, visitors are introduced to reconnect with outdoor for nature exploration. This sequence of space in the Therme Vals has induced a contrast in emotion, tension and relaxation, to create an entire restorative journey.

Page 45

Intimacy - Entrance Corridor Intimacy - Entrance Corridor Intimacy - Entrance Corridor

Contrast of emotion - tension and relaxation, indoor and outdoor Contrast emotion - tension andrelaxation, relaxation, indoor andoutdoor outdoor Contrast ofofemotion - tension and indoor and

Relaxation and meeting - Bath Main Relaxation andmeeting meeting - Main BathBath Relaxation and - Main

The Pulse : the white collar’sde-stress de-stress hub The Pulse the white collar’s de-stress hub The Pulse : :the white collar’s hub Model Study of the spatial quality PRECEDENT: Therme Vals, Peter Zumthor PRECEDENT: TheThe Therme Vals, Peter Zumthor PRECEDENT: The Therme Vals, Peter Zumthor A restorative journey a contrast in spatial arrangement restorative journey byaby acontrast contrast spatial arrangement AArestorative journey by ininspatial arrangement

Entrance Entrance from from Entrance from the hotel hotel thethe hotel

The Therme The Therme Vals Vals The Therme Vals

Location: Graubünden, Switzerland Location: Graubünden, Switzerland Location: Graubünden, Switzerland “Mountain, stone, – building instone, the buildstone, “Mountain, stone,water water–water –building building build-build“Mountain, stone, in inthethestone, ing with theinto stone, into the mountain, building out with stone, into mountain, building theof the inging with thethe stone, thethe mountain, building outout of of the mountain, being inside the mountain –can how can the implimountain, being inside the mountain – how implimountain, being inside the mountain – how can thethe implications and the sensuality of the association of these cations and sensuality association these wordswords cations and thethe sensuality of of thethe association of of these words be interpreted, architecturally?” interpreted, architecturally?” bebe interpreted, architecturally?” -Peter Zumthor -Peter Zumthor -Peter Zumthor

Connection and Accessibility from other program Connection andAccessibility Accessibility fromother otherprogram program Connection and from

Informal layout of internal space to users’ allow users’ experience Informal layout internal spaceto toallow allow users’experience experience Informal layout ofofinternal space

5 POTENTIAL SITE STUDY

To search for a site that corresponds with my thesis, the site should have a great connection with commercial buildings, so that people can use the facility on a daily basis. Therefore, I have concentrated my site selection in current Hong Kong Central Business District and the new and potential Hong Kong Central Business District, i.e., Central and Kwun Tong. Both districts are surrounded with a lot of commercial buildings and have their long history in their original purpose. This project aims at injecting new energy into the existing public space to create a central hub for helping workers to de-stress on a daily basis.

SECTION 5. POTENTIAL SITE STUDY

5.1 Star Ferry Car Park (Statue Square), Central Being the heart of Victoria City, Central is known as the central business district of Hong Kong. Apart from many Financial Services Corporations that have their headquarters in Central, other highly stressed occupation as reported by the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions, including Finance, Construction, Retail Trade, Community service, Restaurants and Administrative can also be found in large number at the Central district. In between these dense context of commercial building, Statue square serves as a public pedestrian square in Central and are easily accessible via different transportation network. Opposite to Statue Square is the site of City Hall and the Star Ferry Car Park, they link up with Statue Square to form a historical and cultural corridor, as well as a central open space in the business district. With its original function of car park that facilitate the access to the surrounding site, it suggests the possibility in strengthening the accessibility concept and re-activate the Star Ferry Car Park as a central hub that bring people to come together in the city. The site is directly connected to 5 main streets, Edinburgh Pl street and Connaught Pl Street, and with the underground tunnel, it also provides a direct connection to the opposite site of Statue Square and the busy roads of Connaught Road Central, Charter Road and Des Voeux Road Central. Moreover, the elevated walkway has well connected the site with Mid-Levels, commercial area, offices, Star Ferry Pier and the waterfront is formed by the provision of elevated walkway.

SITE ACCESSIBILITY AND CONNECTION WITH NEIGHBOURHOOD

Page 49 PEDESTRIAN ROUTE MTR ROUTE MTR EXIT TRAM ROUTE PROPOSED SITE POSSIBLE WORKERSâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; ROUTE TO THE SITE VISUAL CONNECTION WITH HARBOURFRONT

During the site visit, it was observed that due to a conveniet network of public transport, white collars seldom went to the Statue Square and the site after work. But due to the Christmas event holding in one of the Statue Square site, it attracted white collars to stop by the Square while moving towards the public transport. It suggested the possibility of injecting new and active programs to attract, welcome and develop a new community of professionals.

Central Ferry Pier Victoria Harbour

Hong Kong Maritime Musuem

Bus Terminal

International Finance Centre

Observation wheel One international Finance Centre

IFC

Chong Hing Bank Centre

Jardine House RO U

World-Wide House Landmark Chater ROU TE

ROU TE 6

Alexandra House

Commercial/ Office building Government, Institution and Community Open Space

The Landmark

Harbourfront event space

RO UT E1 Post Office

Exchange Square

Star Ferry Car Park

Hong Kong City Hall

Mandarin Oriental ROU TE 8 Prince Building

Statue Square

ROU TE HSBC Building

Former Legislative Council Building

Bank of China Building

ROU TE 3 The Hong ROUTE 5 Kong Club Building AIA ROU TE 7 ROU TE

Chater Garden

Hutchison House

Bank of America Tower

SECTION 5. POTENTIAL SITE STUDY

5.2 Tsun Yip Street Playground, Kwun Tong Since the Energizing Kowloon East Office was set up to take forward the transformation of Kowloon east into another premier Central Business District of HK in 2010, Kwun Tong has become another potential Central Business District in Hong Kong. According to Hong Kong Property Review in 2018, Grade A Office are anticipated to dominate the scene of forecast completions. In 2017, Kwun Tong provided ~40% of Grade A Office in HK. And it is expected that the supply in 2018 will be shared by Hong Kong Island and Kowloon, at 56% and 44% respectively, while in 2019, the forecast supply would fall on Sha Tin and Kwun Tong, altogether accounting for 58% of the overall completions. Upon completion of the commercial buildings, it will provide a busy business context in Kwun Tong, therefore study is carried out into the central open space Tsun Yip Street Playground, to investigate the possibility of being a central hub for de-stress. Tsun Yip Street Playground, with an area of about 8300 sqm, located at the cener of the Kwun Tong Business area. It was constructed in 1873 to serve mainly workers from the manufacturing sector at the time. The hard-paved ball courts and roller skating rink were the major facilities before the renovation project started in 2016.

Commercial/ Office building Government, Institution and Community Mtr exit MTR Pedestrian access to the site

1998

Page 51

decline in Manufacturn HK, there were a large acant factories in Kwun 98, Land Development proposed the Kwun Centre Redevelopment e specific implementation confirmed in 2005.

Kwun Tong Business Area

Current Development of Open Space in the area 2010

1. Transformation of Tsun Yip Street Playground into Kwun Tong Industrial Culture Park an important piece of public open space at the centre of the Kwun Tong Business Area

owloon East Office was set rward the transformation ast into another premier ess District of HK.

2017

Lacking of Industrial elements to support the concept of Industrial Culture Park

o Hong Kong Property 018, Grade A Office are o dominate the scene of pletions . In 2017, Kwun ed ~40% of Grade A And it is expected that the 8 will be shared by Hong nd Kowloon, at 56% and vely, while in 2019, the ly would fall on Sha Tin ng, altogethre accounting overall completions.

a report titled “HK 2030+” he Hong Kong Planning in the medium to long n East (including Kai Tak area, Kowloon Bay and usiness Area) is included Business District.

Cater more for the workers who would like to stay, sit and rest as well as providing a multi-purpose space for holding different kind of activities

2030 The transformation of a highly dynamic space to a static park is not appropriate

Recall visitors’ memories of the industrial history of Kwun Tong and promote the continuation of the “Spirit of Creation” in the future

The site can be accessed through 2 main streets, How Ming Street and Tsun Yip Street, providing access to the nearby commercial or industrial buildings. visitors can also access the site from the MTR station by 8 mins walk. During the site visit, it was observed that many of the white collars working in the nearby offices used the open space during working hours in front of the Tsun Yip Street Playground as the Playground is now under renovation. The open space in front of the Playground, in between the AIA building and Landmark east AXA Tower was like an oasis in Kwun Tong Business District that provides a gathering and relaxation point for the nearyby white collars. This suggests the potential of Tsui Yip Street Playground to serve as a hub for social interaction as well as a hub for daily de-stress activiy.

6 SITE UNDERSTANDING

SECTION 6. SITE UNDERSTANDING

SITE ANALYSIS OF STAR FER LYSIS OF SECTION STAR FERRY SITE CENTRAL ANALYSIS HK OF STAR FERRY PIER CARPARK, CENTRAL HK 6. PIER SITECARPARK, UNDERSTANDING LYSIS OF STAR FERRY PIER CARPARK, SITE ANALYSIS CENTRAL OFHK STAR FERRY PIER CARPARK, CENTRAL “ThatHK was why we built the Star Ferry car park adjace

0Sqm 3260Sqm

sion

Commercial / Office building Government and Community Harbourfront Open Space Commercial / Office building Government and Community Harbourfront Open Space Ferris Wheel

Harbourfront It was a sort of hub to H “That was why we built the-Ronald Star Ferry adjace Phillips, car one ofpark the City Hall’s ar It wasHarbourfront a sort of hub to H

SITE ANALYSIS Star FerryOF CarSTAR ParkFERRY PIER CARPARK, CENTRAL HK

3260Sqm

0Sqm

Commercial / Office building Government and Community Open Space Commercial / Office building Government and Community Open Space

After the research into the Star Ferry Car Park site and Kwun Tong Tsun Yip Street Playground, Star Ferry Car Park site is chosen as the site for the project due to a high accessibility and connectivity with neighborhood, as well as the density of international financial corporation surrounding the site. Proposed site

Commercial / Office building Government and Community Open Space

Harbourfront Ferris Wheel event space Proposed site Harbourfront event space Proposed site

Proposed site

3260Sqm

Proposed site

Garden at City Hall

3110Sqm 3260Sqm

Garden at City Hall

3110Sqm

3260Sqm 3110Sqm

sion

Site Accessibility Site Dimension

Zoning

Site Accessibility Site Dimension

Zoning

Site Dimension

Zoning

View from Zoning site

-Ronald Phillips, one of the City Hall’s ar Ferris Wheel

“That was why weHarbourfront built the St Harbourfront event space Ferris Wheel

Site of Statue Square, Star Harbourfront event space Ferry Car Park, City Hall and the connection Site of Statue Square, with Star waterfront. (1965) Ferry Car Park, City Hall and the connection with waterfront. (1965) Garden at City Hall

View of harbourfront event space and greenery View of harbourfront event space and greenery

3260Sqm 3110Sqm

Site of Statue Square, Star

Site Dimension Site Accessibility Ferry Car Park, City Hall

View from site

View of harbourfront event space and greenery

-Ron

Garden at City Hall

Exisiting Garden at City Hall

Star Ferry Ca Site Exisiting Star FerryFerr Ca and wate

View from site

and the connection with Site Accessibility waterfront. (1965) View from site

View Zoning from site

Site Accessibility

Ferris Wheel event space

Harbourfront

View of harbourfront event space and greenery View of harbourfront event View from Proposed site space and greenery

View from Proposed site

Page 55

6.1 Site Background

RRY PIER CARPARK, CENTRAL HK

The Star Ferry Car Park was built in 1957, one of the City Hall’s architects Ronald “That was why we built the Star Ferry car park adjacent to the Star Ferry, next to Statue S Phillips has once described the car park as “That was why we built the Star Ferry car It was a sort of hub to Hong Kong” -Ronald Phillips, one of the City Hall’s architects, 2012, SCMP park adjacent to the Star Ferry, next to Statue Square it was a sort of hub to Hong Kong.”. Having its long history of connection with Statue Square, Star Ferry Pier, City Hall and tar Ferry car park adjacent to the Star Ferry,the next Star to Statue SquareCar Park should be kept with new programs inserted into the waterfront, Ferry It was a sort of hub to Hong Kong” this historic nald Phillips, one of the City Hall’s architects, 2012, SCMPcontext. Commercial / Office building Government and Community Open Space

Zoning

Harbourfront

Ferris Wheel

Harbourfront event space

Proposed site

The rooftop of the Star Ferry Car Park is an open-air car park, and are considered by Site of Statue Square, Star HK people a place favorable for photographs and watching Ferry Carfireworks Park, City Hall due to its visual and the the connection withHarbour. In 2008, connection with the Central Harbourfront event space and Victoria waterfront. (1965) an art exhibition was held on the rooftop of Star Ferry Car Park. This has suggested the possibilitySiteofAccessibility inserting new and active programs into this historic and dynamic site. View from site Garden at City Hall

Exisiting Star Ferry Car Park

Site of Statue Square, StarView Ferry Car of the surrounding commercial Park, City Hall and the connection withbuildings waterfront. (1965)

Exisiting Star Ferry Car Park

View of the surrounding commercial buildings View of harbourfront event space and greenery

View from Proposed site

Art Exhibition held on the rooftop of the Star Ferry Car Park in 2008

Section A 1:800

SECTION 6. SITE UNDERSTANDING

6.2 Site History and Transformation

Changing function of Statue Square from a ROYAL garden to a PUBLIC carpark (1950s) 1:1500

As the Star Ferry Car Park appears as an extension of the open space of Statue Square, the history and transformation of functions of the entire open space is also studied. Before the First World War, Statue Square served as a ritual place where only royal members were allowed to use the place for carrying out different royal activities. After the First World War which a war memorial was erected at Statue Square, non royal members were invited to participate in the rituals in certain days. Not until after 1945 has Statue Square experienced a significant change. Since the removal of Queen Victoriaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s statue in 1955 after the Japanese Occupation, Statue Square was no longer served as a royal garden, it was opened to public in the function of a carpark in 1950s and later as a public recreational garden in 1964. Changing from a royal square to public garden, this transformation has marked an important page in history, that the general public were able to come together and share the central open space in the heart of the city.

1. The Planning of transformation of Statue Square after the war in 1950s. 2. The Statue Square has transformed into a public carpark instead of restoring it as a royal symbol. (1950s)

Page 57

The Corridors from carpark to public RECREATIONAL playspace (1960s-current) 1:1500

In order to deal with the insufficient parking space, 2 lots of the Statue Square were turned into temporary carparks during 1950s. In the 1960s, the government decided to relocate the car park and therefore Statue Square was finally opened and rebuilt as a public recreational garden.

Central Ferr y Pier

Open Space Corridor

n tio va ser el Ob whe

Until nowadays, Statue Square still remains as a public square for people to meet up and relax. In current and furture city planning of the Hong Kong government, 2 main corridors at the Statue Square should be well maintained, the first one is the Open space corridor, which creates a strong axis that connects the Statue Square, Star Ferry Car Park and the Harbourfront. The second one is the Historic and Cultural Corridor, formed by the Bank of China Tower, Former Legislative Council, The Cenotaph and City Hall, situated next to the open space corridor, it shares history and memories to the general public.

Hon g Kon Post g General Office

Star Ferry Car Park

The planning of Statue Square show three main elements: paved walks with SHELTERS, grassed areas with TREES and a generous use of WATER to give the whole area special interest and a feeling of SERENITY

Jardin Hou e se

Central Harbourfront event space

Historic and Cultural Corridor

The planning of the new public square was carefully designed to include three main elements: Shelters, Trees and Water in order to give the area a feeling of serenity.

The Historic and Cultural Corridor

Hong Kong City Hall

City Hall Car Park

City Hall Public Library

Mandarin Oriental Hoel

Princeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Building

Standard Chartered Bank

The Hong Kong Club Building

Statue Square

HSBC

Former Legislative Council Building

Bank of China Building

SECTION 6. SITE UNDERSTANDING

6.3 Urban Context: Landmark

Commercial/ Office building Government, Institution and Community Open Space

Statue Square and its surrounding Office Building (Statue Square indicated in red)

The surrounding of the site has 13 landmarks of commercial and financial buildings that bring the significance of the area. 5 of these are located on the southern side of the site, 5 on the western side and 3 on the eastern side. On the southern side of the site, the first node is the Bank of China Tower, the fifth tallest skyscraper in Hong Kong built in 1990. The second node is Cheung Kong Center next to the Bank of China Tower, the sixth tallest skyscraper in Hong Kong built in 1999. The third node is the HSBC headquarter built in 1985, which is directly facing the Statue Square and is famous due to its structural design. The fourth node is the Standard Chartered Bank Building built in 1990. The fifth node is landmark built in 1980, which consists of 3 commercial towers, a shopping mall and a hotel.

Underg An underground provide access to the proposed site and the waterfro provided across Statue Square to HSBC Hong Kong Headquarters building is located along the southern side of the square.

Use of the Open

Pool

On the western side of the site, the first node is the Prince’s Building, an office tower and shopping center built in 1965. The second node is the Mandarin Oriental Hotel built in 1963. The third node is Jardine House, an office tower built in 1973. The fourth node is Exchange Square, a complex housing office and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and is built in 1988. The fifth node is the International Finance Centre built in 2003, which consists of two skyscrapers hosing offices and the IFC mall, with tower 2 being the second tallest building in Hong Kong. On the eastern side of the site, the first node is the Hong Kong Club Building, an office building built in 2009. The second node is the Construction Bank Building, an office building and headquarter of Hong Kong operation of China Construction Bank and was built in 2013. The third node is AIA Central Building, an office building built in 2006.

Pool Lawn

Poo

Prince’s Building is located along the western side of the square.

The Statue Square i providing a perfect Central’s office w

Passively De-st vs Actively De-st

Hong Kong Club Building is located along the eastern side of the square.

COMMERCIAL AND COMMUNITY CONTEXT Page 59

Proposed site: Statue Square and Star Ferry Car Park, Central, HK

Bank of China Building Cheung Kong Center

Standard Chartered Bank Building

Hong Kong Club Building

HSBC

Princeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Building

Landmark Central

Jardine House

AIA

IFC1

Exchange Square IFC2

City Hall

Construction Bank Building

Former Legislative Council

Mandarin Oriental Hotel

Commercial Buildings Community service/ Government Buildings Proposed site: Statue Square and the Star Ferry Car Park Commercial Buildings Community service/ Government Buildings Proposed site:

SECTION 6. SITE UNDERSTANDING

DYNAMISM and CONNECTIVITY of Star Ferry Car Park, Central (2019) 1:1500

6.4 Urban Context: Transportation and Pedestrian Network

Central Ferr y Pier

n tio va ser el Ob whe

The site has a rich connection with public transport and pedestrian routes. For Transportation, MTR underground system are located below Statue Square, which provides a total of 9 exits on Charter road, not only providing easy access to the site, it also introduces a possible pedestrian flow from different directions. Other transportation like tram and bus station located on Charter road, Connaught Road and Des Voeux Road also set up a busy vehicle road network for access to the site.

Central Harbourfront event space

Hong Kong Post O General ffice

Jardin e

For pedestrian access, although the site is separated with Statue Square by Connaught road, an existing underground tunnel is provided to connect the 2 parts and allow pedestrian access to the Ferry Car Park site. Moreover, apart from accessing the site from the nearby landmark buildings, a great connection between the Mid-Levels, commercial area, offices, Star Ferry Pier and the waterfront is formed by the provision of elevated walkway.

Star Ferry Car Park

Hong Kong City Hall

House

City Hall Car Park City Hall Public Library

Mandarin Oriental Hoel

Princeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Building

Standard Chartered Bank

MTR exit

The Hong Kong Club Building

Statue Square

HSBC

Underground tunnel

Former Legislative Council Building

Bank of China Building

Elevated walkway

Pedestrian access to site

Vehicular access to site

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Underground Connection system

Elevated Walkway

An underground system connects MTR service to provide access to various commercial site as well as the proposed site. In order to connect Star Ferry Pier and the waterfront, an underground tunnel is also provided across Connaught Road Central from the Statue Square to the opposite Star Ferry Car Park.

An elevated walkway runs along the edge of the proposed site. The walkway provides a great connection between the Mid-Levels, commercial area, offices, Star Ferry Pier and the waterfront.

SECTION 6. SITE UNDERSTANDING

Elevated walkway connecting the commercial buildings; Road connecting the sites of Statue Square; MTR exit connecting surrounding commercial buildings.

Elevated walkway connecting the commercial buildings; Roads connecting commercial buildings to public transport such as MTR and Tram.

MTR exit at Statue Square which is closely connected with the surrounding commercial buildings.

Section B

1:800

Underground path to connect the commercial buildings and Statue Square to the opposite site where Star Ferry Car Park, Jardine House, City Hall and the Hong Kong General Post office are located.

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Elevated walkway connecting the Central Pier and water transport.

Elevated walkway connecting the commerical buildings such as Jardine House, Exchange Square and IFC, which also extends out to the Central Pier and Harbourfront event space.

7 PROGRAM SELECTION

SECTION 7. PROGRAM SELECTION

7.1 Green Co-working Complex To tackle the problem of long working hours that lead to a lack of social communication and interation with nature, I propose a Co-working complex with easy access to pocket green space, restorative space and social meeting space. The complex would separate into 4 major zones: Herbs Ceremony space, Co-working office, chill/knowledge sharing space and daycare center. The Herbs Ceremony space aims at inviting public to know more about the importance of green living and working, it will include basic facilities like cafes, exhibition space, herbs related workshops for communication and discussion. It will be an extension to support the original context of a cultural and historical corridor and link up the Statue Square with the Central Harbourfront event space, to direct circulation of the visitors to interact more with their surrounding open space. The Co-working office will introduce varied systems of green pockets in building scale. Its programmes targeted young professionals and working parents. For the young professional, it aims at providing support for them to explore their own potentials or start up their own business, instead of hiding at home of a small private room to work, they are invited to join the community and meet other professionals to get inspiration. Apart from a easy access to green space, it will also incorporate the idea of meditation and restorative space for immediate stress release pockets within the working environment. For the working parents, the co-working office would be connected with a daycare center, where they can bring their kids to work and leave them at the center. Although it might be difficult to put co-working space together with childcare facilities because of the characters of these two low-margin business, there are already practicing co-working space with childcare service in Durham and in London in the UK. To ensure the running of the low-margin business, the daycare requires the parents to help us at the space a few hours a week to save costs. By doing this, apart from saving cost to hire daycare staff, it also provides a platform for working parents to come together and share their difficulties, as a result stress is also lowered without their realization. Based on the example, it suggested the possibility of the combination of co-working space and daycare center in the heart of the Central Business District, this is not only beneficial to the members of the co-working office, as the site is easily accessible, it also allows parents working in Central to pick up their child after work thus to promote an interactive working space that also encourage social and family interaction. Moreover, it is important that the Co-working space is also closely linked up with a chill and knowledge sharing space to maximize social interaction which is also one of the main trigger of nowadays stress problem. Workers are invited to always rejoin the community to share during the long working hours.

SECTION 7. PROGRAM SELECTION

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Reference Library

Cafeteria Group Dining room

meeting space Meditation space

Organic Food restaurant

Multi-purpuse event room

Garden

working stations

Fab Lab

Meeting space Staff Room Daycare classrooms

Makers’ space

Children’s Library Drama room Children’s Playground

Wellness Center

Garden

Cafeteria

Chill/Knowledge sharing

Garden

Co-working

Daycare

Herbs Ceremony space for public

Green meeting space Organic food shop

Organic food cafe

Herbs and wellbeing exhibition

Herbs cooking studio

Herbs planting workshop

Aroma Exercise Therapy

Tea Ceremony

8 MASTER PLAN DEVELOPMENT

URBAN SPACE SECTION 8. MASTER PLAN DEVELOPMENT

8.1 Urban Place Accessibility Study Central Park, New York, US

Entrance

ACCESSIBILITY OF URBAN SPACE

In contribution to making New York a healthier city, Central Park in New York is located in a center location which provide a large number of access to the park from the surrounding context. More than half a million of New York people can access the park within a 10-minute walk from their homes and offices, and around 1.2 million more can access the park within a half-hour of public transportation.

Entrance

Not only providing grounds for active exercise such as ballfields, tennis courts, ice skating rinks, swimming pools, running trails etc. Central Park also builds up an interactive community by providing a free public space for people to enjoy artistic and cultural events annually. The host to festivals and events have successfully brought New Yorkers and visitors together.

residential

Central Park, New York

commercial

Central Park, New York

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Sesc Pompeia Leisure Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil Being one of the most important urban leisure facilities in the city of Sao Paulo, it is described as an oasis to compensate the urban discomfort in Sao Paulo. With its location in the overcrowded context, people can easily access the center from their homes, office and school. The center is located at the junction of 4 Major roads, the Av. Francisco Matarazzo, Av. Pompeia, R. Carlos Vicari and R. Clelia, which also provide easy access to the center with public transport. Programs in Pompeia Center is carefully designed so to build up the sense of community and encourage interaction and imagination of people. Its accessibility has brought the street and public life into the center and attract people of all age group and social class to connect without discrimination. The open and inviting street as its entrance, the exhibition space without dividing walls, the public restaurant with communal tables, an open-air theatre with wooden seating, creative workshops, etc. All of these events have maximized communication in the center thus bringing â&#x20AC;&#x153;a little cheer in a sad cityâ&#x20AC;?.

Open Space

Residential District

Commercial District

SESC Pompeia Factory, Sao Paulo, Brazils

SECTION 8. MASTER PLAN DEVELOPMENT

8.2 Master Planning Based on the site background study, a stong linear axis connects the Statue Square to the Harbourfront which forms an Open Space Corridor. But the axis is now only conceptual since previous land reclamations has broken the continuous connection of the axis. In order to increase the accessibility of the site to facilitate the needs of the working group, the axis should be reconnected to provide continuous and direct access from Statue Square to Harbourfront. Apart from recalling the memories of historic events on this central open space, it also provides a convenient route which encourages the general public to access and experience more of the existing green pockets in the city. The strong axis will therefore forms the major connection on the Master Layout Plan. In addition to the main direct access from Statue Square to the Harbourfront, more connections will be added to provide access from the surrounding context to the project site, firstly the connection to postoffice, secondly the connection to CityHall open space and thirdly the connection to the exit of the underground tunnel. Apart from emphasizing the linear axis and strengthen the connections to the site, the connetions should provide a rich nature and green experience, which serves as an Oasis in the heart of this busy business district.

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HSBC

8.3 Master Plan Massing Study Apart from reconnecting the axis for a dynamic and continuos journey from Statue Square to the Harbourfront, Study of massing should also follow the concept of Linear axis, connections and moreover, a union of old and new, to preserve the hisory of the site as well as to echo with the historic and cultural corridor next to the site / open space corridor.

TING E EXIS SPAC S LIC TION PUB NNEC O C NEW

HARBOURFRONT

In order to preserve history and memory of the site, the existing car park structure will be kept, and its characteristics of a public place should also be maintained. New functions are then inserted into the old structure to create a contrast experience of old and new, this can insert new energy into the existing car park site to encourage new exploration in the historic context.

INSERTION OF NEW FUNCTION INTO THE EXISTING CARPARK

NE AI

TI C

E AC SP

E AT IV

IS EX

Then a new building will be added above the existing car park. Instead of sitting on the roof level of the existing carpark, the building will be lifted up to maintain the existing carpark levels as public place. The floating new building will again emphasize the linear axis of the open space corridor and promote a brand new spatial experience above the historic structure.

SECTION 8. MASTER PLAN DEVELOPMENT

Statue Square

Massing Study 1 City Hall

Post Office

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Statue Square

City Hall

Post Office

Massing Study 2

SECTION 8. MASTER PLAN DEVELOPMENT

Statue Square

Massing Study 3

City Hall

Post Office

9 DESIGN DRAWINGS

9.1 The Oasis

9.2 Design Concept In order to enhance natural interaction, different types of green pockets as studied in the research section will be applied to the Co-working space. Different floors will demonstrate a different network of green pockets to create variation and dynamic spatial experience.

3F Center Park

4F Dispersed over programmes

5F Separation boundary

Greenery

Due to the creation of green pockets, naturally ventilated space are also created. These space provide fresh air buffer zone when users move from one space to another.

Natural Ventilation

Public Private

Zoning Public Circulation (Main green walkway connecting Statue Square and Harbourfront) Public Circulation (Lift) Public Circulation (Stairs) Private Circulation (Lift) Private Circulation (Stairs)

Natural Ventilation Public Circulation (Main green walkway connecting Statue Square and Harbourfront)

9.3 Building Drawings

GF 1 2 3 4 5

Organic Food Shop Cafe Reception “Well-being” Exhibition Parking Lots 10

6 7 8 9

Entrance Garden Storage Meeting space Meeting Plaza 50

100

1F 1 Aroma Yoga Therapy 2 Staff Office 3 Common area 4 Herbs Planting Workshop 5 Herbs Garden One 6 Herbal Tea Tasting room 7 Organic Food Kitchen

8 9 10 11 12

Changing room Classrooms Lawn Herbs Garden Two Herbs Testing bed

3 6

11 10

2F (Podium Level) 1 2 3 4 5

Linkage to Statue Square Lobby Cafe Linkage to Post Office Linkage to Harborfront

3F Daycare 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Welfare Center The Slide Temporary daycare room Daycare room (2-3 years) Office Directorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s room Reception

Co-working 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Reception Seminar room Co-working zone 1 Digital room Co-working zone 2 Informal meeting zone Aroma Chamber The Meeting Stairs Co-working zone 3 Co-working zone 4 The Hammock Meeting rooms Cafeteria Reference Library

Organic Food Restaurant 22 23 24 25 26

Reception Book shelf Dining zone Kitchen Outdoor dining balcony

23 26

5 6

18 14

11 25 16

4F Daycare 1 2 3 4 5 6

Daycare room (3-4 years) Daycare room (4-5 years) Kitchen and Cafeteria Daycare room (0-1 years) Daycare room (1-2 years) Office

Co-working 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Meeting room Fab Lab Makers’ space zone 1 Fab Lab Makers’ space zone 2 Makers’ space zone 3 Aroma Chamber The Hammock The Meeting Stairs Meditation Gardens Reference Library

Organic Food Restaurant 18 Group Dining/ Event Dining

1 8

15 4

12 16

3 9

5 15

5F Daycare 1 2 3 4

Daycare room Cafeteria The Slide Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Library

Co-working 5 Co-working zone 1 6 Temporary Event Plaza 7 Co-working zone 2 8 Aroma Chamber 9 The Hammock 10 Meeting rooms 11 The Gardens Sharing Space 12 Foyer 13 Event Hall 1 14 Event Hall 2

11 10 4

13 9 8

6 3

14 5 11

1 2

Knowlegde sharing / social meeting space

Co-working space

Multi function room

3 The Hammock

8 The meeting stairs

11 Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Library

Organic restaurant

4 The Aroma Chamber

12 Classroom

5 The Garden

10 The Garden

co-working zone

Makersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; space

Daycare space Co-working zone 2

13 The Fun Slide

4 1

2 18

9 10

8 17 21 25

16 22

20 23

13 19

14 24

Section A The Oasis / Green Walkway

Creative Space

Chill Space

14 Entrance Lobby

20 Herbs planting workshops

22 Entrance Lobby of Herbs ceremony space

15 Lawn/slope space

21 Staff Office

23 Organic food cafe

16 Lobby of Herbs ceremony space

24 The Garden meeting space

17 Cafe

25 Organic food shop

18 Linkage to Harbourfront 19 Linkage to Statue Square

Zoning: 1. Daycare space

2. Co-working space

3. Chill/Knowledge sharing space

4. The Oasis walk

5. Herbs experience space

The Three Main De-stress zones in the Co-working space (from left to right) : The Meditation Garden, The Aroma Chamber, The Hammock

Section B

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Co-Working zone Outdoor Pocket Garden Meeting room Informal Meeting zone Indoor pocket Garden The Aroma Chamber Entrance Lobby/ Green walkway Herbs planting workshop

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Organic food shop Organic cooking studio Exhibition Herbs Garden 2 Parking Lots Herbs Garden 1 Underground tunnel exit

3 6

4 1

Section C

6 5

207

19 14

Section D

1 Co-Working zone 2 Outdoor Pocket Garden 3 The Meditation Garden 4 Informal Meeting zone 5 Indoor pocket Garden 6 Fab Lab 7 Co-working zone 2 8 Digital Library 9 Briefing room 10 Makers space 11 Entrance Lobby/ Green walkway

12 Organic cooking studio 13 Herbs planting workshop 14 organic food shop 15 cafe 16 kitchen 17 Herbs Garden 2 18 Green Linkage to Post Office 19 Herbs Garden 1 20 Post Office

9.4 Exterior Perspective

Access from Harbourfront a rich Nature / Oasis experience

Access from Post Office Connection with existing path and elevated walkway to strengthen site accessbility

Access from Post Office and underground tunnel Introduction of organic herbs garden and engagement with nature

View from HSBC The overall view of the Oasis

9.5 Interior Perspective Apart from incorporating green pockets into the Co-working zone, the concept of Meditation and Restorative space as studied will also form part of the De-stress journey in the working environment. The three meditation space includes a dark Aroma Chamber, and two bright spaces that receive natural light: the Meditation Garden and The Hammock. These space create contrast in the meditation experience and provide immediate De-stress destination throughout the day.

The Aroma Chamber a darker space for enhancing Olfactory Sensations (Herbs & Aroma) for Stress Reduction

The Meditation Garden a brighter space for receiving natural light and touching of green plants for Stress Reduction and Mood Improvement

9.6 Construction Details

10 DESIGN MODELS

10.1 1:2000 Context Model

10.2 1:500 Study Models Option 1 Study Model 10.2 1:500

Option 3

Option 2

10.3 1:350 Final Model

11 FINAL PANEL

8.1 The City Pulse BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.

Philip J. Dewe, Stress: A Brief History, Blackwell Publishing, 2004

Alain de Botton, The Architecture of Happiness, Vintage Books, 2006

Abraham Maslow, Motivation and Personality, 1954

Official website of the National Library of Lithuania, https://www.lnb.lt/en/services/for-visitor/hub

World Health Organization, Mental Health, https://www.who.int/mental_health/en/

Peter Zumpthor, Peter Zumthor Therme Vals (2014), University of Chicago Press

ArchDaily, Second Home London Office, https://www.archdaily.com/769707/second-home-london-office-selgascano

ArchDaily, Vanke Times Center / SHL, https://www.archdaily.com/901067/vanke-times-center-shl

Wikiarquitectura, SESC Pompeia Factory, https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/sesc-pompeia-factory/11. APPENDICES

10.

Mental Health Index Report 2017 , the Hong Kong Mental Health Foundation

11.

Stress Index Report 2015, the Hong Kong Mental Health Foundation