Breaking Down Trump’s Attempt to End Birthright Citizenship
BY LAILA KHAN AND RAUL PINTO
On his first day in office, President Donald Trump issued an executive order aimed at ending birthright citizenship for babies of undocumented immigrants and for people with temporary status in the U.S. Executive Order 14156: Protecting the Meaning and Value of American Citizenship departs from over 125 years of precedent as it sought to abolish the United States’ longstanding policy of unrestricted birthplace-based citizenship.
on page 9
High Sodium Intake Contributes to Chronic Disease Burden in the Caribbean
Washington, D.C (PAHO): A new report from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) reveals that sodium/salt consumption levels in the Caribbean are twice as high as recommended, contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The report underscores the urgency of implementing strategies such as mandatory sodium content
reduction in foods, front-of-package warning labeling, and the regulation of marketing for high-sodium products.
The report, Dietary Sodium in Caribbean Populations , summarizes available data on sodium consumption in the Caribbean over the past 10 years. The review focuses on dietary sodium/salt intake studies, urinary sodium excretion, and sodium content in packaged foods.
on page 20
Director of the Pan American Health Organization, Dr. Jarbas Barbosa. Photo © PAHO/WHO
Caribbean Consulates
Anguilla
845 Third Avenue
New York, N.Y. 10022
Tel: 212-745-0200
Antigua & Barbuda
305 East 47th Street, Suite 6A
New York, N.Y. 10020
Tel: 212-541-4117
The Bahamas
231 East 46th Street
New York, N.Y. 10017
Tel: 212-421-6420
Barbados
820 Second Avenue, 5th Floor
New York, N.Y. 10017
Tel: 212-551-4325
Belize
675 Third Avenue, Suite 1911
New York, N.Y. 10017
Tel: 212-593-0999
Dominica
685 Third Avenue, 11th Floor
New York, N.Y. 10017
Tel: 212-949-0853
Dominican Republic
1500 Broadway, Suite 410
New York, N.Y. 10036
Tel: 212-599-8478
Grenada
685 Third Avenue, Suite 1101
New York, N.Y. 10017
Tel: 212-599-0301
Guyana
308 West 38th Street
New York, N.Y. 10018
Tel: 212-947-5119
Haiti 555 5th Ave 3rd Floor
New York, NY 10017
Tel: 212-697-9767
Jamaica
300 E 42nd St
New York, N.Y. 10017
Tel: 212-935-9000
Martinique
444 Madison Avenue, 16th Floor
New York, N.Y. 10022
Tel: 212-838-6887
Montserrat
845 Third Avenue
New York, N.Y. 10022
Tel: 212-745-0200
Panama
1212 Avenue of the Americas, 20th Floor
New York, N.Y. 10036
Tel: 212-840-2450
St. Kitts & Nevis
414 East 75th Street, 5th Floor
New York, N.Y. 10021
Tel: 212-535-5521
St. Lucia
630 Third Avenue, 7th Floor
New York, N.Y. 10017
Tel: 212-697-9360
St. Maarten
675 Third Avenue, Suite 1807
New York, N.Y. 10017
Tel: 800-786-2278
St. Vincent & The Grenadines
801 Second Avenue, 4th Floor
New York, N.Y. 10017
Tel: 212-687-4981
Trinidad & Tobago
125 Maiden Lane, 4th Floor
New York, N.Y. 10038
Tel: 212-682-7272
For more Consulate information go to www.cawnyc.com/directory
CARICOM Remains a Key Advocate for Haiti
The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) continues to play a significant role in supporting Haiti, including advocating with the international community for increased funding for security and humanitarian relief in Haiti, Assistant Secretary-General (ASG) for Foreign and Community Relations within the CARICOM Secretariat, Ms Elizabeth Solomon has said.
In an interview ahead of the 48th Regular Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government of CARICOM to be held from 19-21 February in Bridgetown, Barbados, ASG Solomon underscored the importance of the meeting to discuss, among other important issues, CARICOM’s continued support to Haiti.
While noting that the situation in the French-speaking Member State remains challenging, she said that there has been progress since the establishment of the Transitional Government. “Positive things have happened since the Transitional Government was put in place. Yes, there continues to be many challenges, there is no denying that… but there is forward movement, and CARICOM is going to discuss how best to continue to support,” ASG Solomon stated.
The establishment of a Transitional Presidential Council (TPC) has been a key milestone in CARICOM’s assistance in forging Haitian-led solutions to the complex crises in Haiti. On 11 March 2024 in Jamaica, the Community convened a High-Level Meeting on Haiti which resulted in a collective commit-
washing their clothes in the stream.
ment from stakeholders for a peaceful transition of power, continuity of governance, an action plan for near-term security, and a path to free and fair elections.
The Outcome Declaration articulated the outlines of a nine-member Transitional Presidential Council (TPC) agreed by Haitian stakeholders, which would include seven voting members and two non-voting members, representing political parties, the business sector, civil society, and the inter-faith sector.
On 12 April 2024, the TPC was established by decree and sworn in on 25 April 2024 to serve until an elected president is inaugurated on 7 February 2026.
In January 2025, Haiti’s Transitional Council President, H.E. Leslie Voltaire,
announced on French television network, TV5 Monde, that general elections will take place on 15 November 2025, to facilitate the transition by 7 February 2026 to an elected government in accordance with the constitution.
ASG Solomon noted that despite ongoing challenges, election preparations have commenced.
“CARICOM continues to support the people of Haiti, particularly through the Eminent Persons Group (EPG) and all that the Good Offices of the Secretariat can offer. The EPG continues to meet and speak with all the stakeholders, who continue to ask for the EPG to remain involved,” ASG Solomon stated.l
OECS Celebrates Grenada's 51
Years of Independence
The Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) Commission congratulates Grenada on its 51st independence anniversary, February 7, 2025, under the theme “Embracing a Future of Development, Transformation, and Unity”. Grenada, Carriacou, and Petite Martinique are continuing with the grandeur of last year’s 50th anniversary of independence celebrations with cultural exhibitions, awarding 50 citizens for their contributions to the country, song competitions, and a concert.
Director General of the OECS, Dr. Didacus Jules issued a commemorative statement.
“Fifty-one years ago, Grenada embarked on a journey of self-determination, battling colonial rule to establish a sovereign nation. This anniversary is a testament to the sacrifices, resilience, and unity of the Grenadian people. It is a day to honour the legacy of our ancestors and the visionary leadership that has guided Grenada through its remarkable history.
“The anniversary of Grenada’s inde-
pendence is a day of remembrance, hope, promise and numerous possibilities; it is the celebration of our nation’s birth and a tribute to the sacrifices, struggles, and the unwavering resilience of those who came before. Independence was hard-earned through the tireless efforts of the ancestors, the wisdom of our leaders, and the unity of our people. Today, we join you in honouring them for their courage and vision.”
Dr. Jules commended the people and Honorable Prime Minister Dickon Mitchell of Grenada for their exceptional resilience and progress following
Hurricane Beryl in 2024. He also highlighted The National Sustainable Development Plan 2020-2035 and the “Vision 75” roadmap unveiled by Prime Minister Mitchell for being both ambitious and inspiring.
The OECS Commission joins nationals across the region to celebrate Grenada’s history, culture, innovations, and invaluable contributions to the OECS. Follow Grenada’s 51st Independence Day activities with the Government Information Service of Grenada on Facebook or YouTube.l
Editorial credit: Michelle D. Milliman / Shutterstock.com MONTROUIS, HAITI. Haitian women
THOUGHTS 3
Resistance to Trump is More Urgent Now Than in His First Term
BY MARIBEL HASTINGS AMERICA’S VOICE
Washington, DC: Despite the chaos, cruelty, and intentional strategy of the Trump administration to overwhelm sectors affected by its multiple and draconian executive orders on various fronts, not only on immigration, we still see examples of resistance even though the challenges are complicated.
Over the weekend and this Monday, there were demonstrations and even a “day without immigrants” to condemn the Trump administration’s raids and deportations and reiterate the important role that those immigrants play in the economy of the country and its communities.
Many will wonder what difference these types of events will make, and the answer is sowing the seeds of action and of hope, rather than turning our backs on the avalanche of horrible actions from the Trump administration, which affect education, health, the economy, immigration, inclusion, law enforcement agencies, and even the vital help that the United States offers developing countries.
Trump initiated the first flights of undocumented people to the Naval Base in Guantanamo, Cuba. Although he affirms that he is trying to expand the center that already exists to process immigrants intercepted on the high seas, principally Cubans, Dominicans, and Haitians, activists have been denouncing civil and human rights violations at this facility for years. The message sent that immigrants are a threat to national security cannot be ignored.
According to the White House spokesperson Karoline Leavitt, Trump is “no longer going to allow America to be a dumping ground for illegal criminals from nations all over this world.”
For those who didn’t vote for Trump, for the Democrats, and for various sectors and organizations affected by the executive orders, there has been no rest. The Trump offensive has been brutal and constant, because the intention is to paralyze the opposition that still hasn’t recovered from the blow of the 2024 presidential election defeat.
And to tell the truth, the Democrats and many of those sectors still haven’t found their voice, the message, and the strategy to confront a president of the United States whose actions attack the democratic tradition of the nation.
A president who is using government institutions to literally exact revenge on those he considers his political enemies, as he has done with those who investigated and prosecuted those responsible for the bloody assault on the Capitol on January 6, 2021, incited by Trump and based on the lie that the 2020 elections had been “stolen.”
In the bizarro world of this president, violent criminals whose actions provoked death and destruction on January 6 are pardoned, but the prosecutors and law enforcement agents whose arduous work resulted in the conviction of those delinquents are persecuted and punished.
And Trump pardons criminals, but his raids and mass deportations are not only focused on criminals, as he alleges. Last week NBC reported that at least half of those detained in just one day of operations had no criminal history. Even Puerto Ricans, who are citizens, have been detained by ICE.
His purge of immigrants is also not limited to undocumented people. It was already announced that Trump revoked Temporary Protected Status (TPS) from
more than 300,000 Venezuelans, making them vulnerable to deportation.
The cascade of measures has not silenced some voices, who raise them to denounce unjustified dismissals and Trump’s excesses in federal agencies, or those of the groups who are filing lawsuits in the courts to stop Trump’s actions that they consider illegal and unconstitutional.
There are also the valiant individual actions like that of Reverend Mariann Budde, who asked Trump to have compassion toward immigrants, saying that they are not criminals.
Even undocumented people themselves are facing off against Trump. La Opinión reported that an undocumented woman from Puebla, Anely Solís, joined the announced “day without immigrants” in Los Angeles and didn’t send her kids to school. Her children live under the constant terror that their mother will be detained and deported.
But Solís wants her kids to see that their mom “did something good for us as well as the Latino community and fought for people who don’t have papers.”
That’s a lesson for the Democrats: to shake off the electoral defeat and begin to take actions possible from the minority and do more than merely denounce Trump. They can believe that folding in the face of Trump is the best political
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option, but it is not the humanitarian or morally correct one.
Although it takes time to regroup forces, the resistance is even more urgent now than in the first Trump administration, as his worst threats are becoming reality.l
Maribel Hastings is the Senior Advisor of America’s Voice. The mission of America’s Voice (AV) and America’s Voice Education Fund (AVEF) is to build the public support and the political will needed to enact policy changes that secure freedom and opportunity for immigrants in America. Priority goal: win reforms that put 11 million undocumented Americans on a path to full citizenship.
President Trump Editorial credit: Chip Somodevilla / Shutterstock.com
4 NY POLITICS
What is the Vision of NYC’s Democratic County Leaders in 2025 and Beyond?
BY BRIAN FIGEROUX, ESQ.
New York City comprises five boroughs, each represented by a Democratic county leader who plays a pivotal role in shaping the city’s political landscape. These leaders influence policy directions, endorse candidates, and reflect the aspirations of their constituents. As the city approaches 2025, understanding each leader’s vision, their perspectives on Mayor Eric Adams’ legal challenges, and their expectations for future mayoral leadership is crucial.
Bronx County: Jamaal T. Bailey
Jamaal T. Bailey serves as the Democratic leader for Bronx County. He envisions a Bronx that thrives through economic development, improved education, and enhanced public safety. Bailey emphasizes the importance of affordable housing and workforce development programs to uplift Bronx residents.
Regarding Mayor Adams’ legal issues, Bailey has advocated for due process, emphasizing the necessity for the legal system to operate without political interference. He acknowledges the gravity of the allegations but underscores the principle of “innocent until proven guilty.”
Looking ahead, Bailey seeks mayoral leadership that prioritizes transparency, community engagement, and equitable resource distribution. He believes the next mayor should focus on bridging gaps between diverse communities and
fostering inclusive economic growth.
Brooklyn (Kings County): Rodneyse Bichotte Hermelyn
Rodneyse Bichotte Hermelyn leads the Democratic Party in Brooklyn. Her vision centers on maintaining Brooklyn’s cultural diversity while promoting sustainable development. She advocates for small business support, educational equity, and healthcare accessibility.
In light of Mayor Adams’ indictment, Bichotte Hermelyn has expressed support for Adams, emphasizing his right to a fair trial. She has highlighted his contributions to the city and cautioned against premature judgments that could
undermine public trust.
For future mayoral leadership, Bichotte Hermelyn emphasizes the need for integrity, resilience, and a commitment to social justice. She calls for leaders who can navigate the complexities of urban governance while remaining accountable to the populace.
Manhattan (New York County): Keith L.T. Wright
Keith L.T. Wright serves as the Democratic leader for Manhattan. His vision includes addressing the challenges of urban living, such as housing affordability, public transportation efficiency, and environmental sustainability.
Wright has expressed concern over Mayor Adams’ legal predicaments, emphasizing the importance of ethical governance. He advocates for a thorough investigation and stresses the need for leaders to uphold the highest standards of conduct.
Looking forward, Wright desires a mayor who is visionary, ethical, and adept at coalition-building. He believes that effective leadership requires collaboration across sectors to address the city’s multifaceted challenges.
Queens County: Gregory Meeks
Gregory Meeks leads the Democratic Party in Queens. His vision focuses on economic empowerment, infrastructural development, and educational advancement. Meeks emphasizes the importance of supporting immigrant communities and fostering entrepreneurship.
Regarding Mayor Adams’ legal issues, Meeks has called for patience and adherence to legal processes. He acknowledges the seriousness of the charges but warns against actions that could destabilize the city’s governance.
Meeks seeks mayoral leadership that is inclusive, forward-thinking, and responsive to the needs of all New Yorkers. He stresses the importance of policies that promote economic mobility and social equity.
Staten Island (Richmond County): Michael Cusick
Michael Cusick serves as the Democratic leader for Staten Island. His vision includes enhancing public safety, improving transportation infrastructure, and supporting veterans’ services. Cusick advocates for policies that balance development with the preservation of Staten Island’s unique character.
In response to Mayor Adams’ indictment, Cusick has emphasized the need for clarity and transparency. He supports a comprehensive investigation to ensure accountability while maintaining governmental stability.
Cusick desires a mayor who is pragmatic, transparent, and dedicated to public service. He believes that effective leadership involves practical solutions and open communication with constituents.
Distinct Perspectives
The Democratic county leaders of New York City each bring distinct perspectives shaped by their boroughs’ unique needs and aspirations. Collectively, they advocate for leadership that embodies integrity, inclusivity, and a commitment to addressing the city’s diverse challenges. As the city approaches 2025, their visions and expectations will significantly influence the political discourse and the selection of leadership that can navigate New York City’s complex landscape.l
Read more at www.cawnyc.com
Senator Jamaal T. Bailey Editorial credit: NY Senate
Assemblymember Rodneyse Bichotte Hermelyn. Editorial credit: NY Assembly
Estate Planning: If Not Now, When?
BY CHRIS TOBIAS
As we move into the new year, many of us set resolutions to improve our lives through better health, financial goals, or personal growth. But amidst all these plans, one crucial solution often gets overlooked: estate planning. It’s easy to put off such a sensitive topic, but the truth is, there is no better time than now to start thinking about and organizing your estate. If not now, when?
What is Estate Planning?
Estate planning is organizing and structuring your affairs to ensure that your wishes are carried out in the event of your incapacitation or death. It includes designating beneficiaries, appointing guardians for dependents, and detailing how assets should be distributed. Proper estate planning ensures that your loved ones are cared for and that the process runs smoothly without legal complications or taxes.
Why Estate Planning Is Crucial: Ensure Your Wishes Are Honored Without an estate plan, the distribution of your assets will be governed by state
laws, which may not align with your preferences. Estate planning ensures that your property, investments, and even sentimental items go to the people or organizations of your choice.
Moreover, you can specify who will care for your minor children or dependents, ensuring your loved ones are not left in a legal limbo. This is especially important for parents of young children or those with dependents who have special needs.
Avoid Probate and Legal Delays
Probate is the legal process through which a court validates your will and oversees the distribution of your estate.
While probate is necessary for some estates, it can be time-consuming and expensive. Establishing a solid estate plan can minimize or avoid probate altogether. This can help your family avoid lengthy court proceedings, reducing stress and uncertainty during a difficult time.
Minimize Taxes and Maximize Asset Distribution
Proper estate planning can help you minimize estate and inheritance taxes, ensuring that more of your wealth goes to your loved ones rather than the government. By using tools like trusts, charitable donations, and gifting strategies, you can preserve the value of your estate and leave a lasting legacy.
Healthcare and Financial Decisions
Estate planning doesn’t only cover the distribution of your assets. It also includes making plans for healthcare and financial decisions should you become incapacitated. A healthcare proxy allows you to designate someone to make medical decisions on your behalf if you cannot. Similarly, a durable power of attorney ensures that someone you trust can handle your financial matters when you can no longer manage them.
Reduce Family Conflicts
When someone dies without an estate plan, it can create confusion and disputes among surviving family members. Siblings may argue over who gets what, and there’s a risk of relationships being permanently damaged. By making clear, legally binding decisions in your estate plan, you minimize the chances of conflict, making the process easier and more harmonious for those left behind.
Common Estate Planning Documents
Estate planning isn’t just about writing a will. There are several essential documents you need to consider when creating a comprehensive estate plan:
Will: A legal document that outlines your wishes regarding the distribution of assets, guardianship of minor children, and other important matters.
Trust: A legal arrangement that allows your assets to be managed by a trustee on behalf of your beneficiaries. Trusts can help avoid probate, reduce taxes, and provide for loved ones more efficiently.
Healthcare Proxy: A document that designates someone to make healthcare decisions for you if you cannot make them yourself.
Durable Power of Attorney: A document continued on page 22
FAMILY MATTERS
How a Child Can Find the Best Adult Care Program for Their Parents in NYC
BY ESTHER CLAUDETTE GITTENS
As parents age, many adult children face the challenging task of finding appropriate care solutions to ensure their parents’ well-being. In a city as bustling and diverse as New York City (NYC), this task can be both overwhelming and rewarding. With myriad options available, ranging from adult day care programs to assisted living facilities, finding the best care program for aging parents requires careful research, emotional intelligence, and a strategic approach. This article outlines key steps to guide adult children in NYC through this process.
Understanding the Needs of Aging Parents
The first and most crucial step in selecting an adult care program is understanding your parents’ needs. Every aging adult has unique requirements, which might include:
•Physical Health: Assess whether your parent requires specialized medical attention, mobility support, or chronic disease management.
•Cognitive Health: Identify any cognitive impairments, such as Alzheimer’s disease or dementia, which might require specialized care.
•Social Engagement: Determine their need for socialization, recreational activities, or group settings.
•Independence Levels: Gauge how much independence your parent wants and can safely maintain.
•Cultural and Linguistic Preferences: In a diverse city like NYC, programs catering to specific cultural or linguistic needs can be a great match.
Conducting a family meeting and discussing these needs openly with your parents ensures their input and autonomy are respected.
Types of Adult Care Programs in NYC
NYC offers a range of adult care options, each catering to specific needs. Understanding these can help narrow down choices:
1. Adult Day Care Centers
These programs provide care and companionship during the day while allowing seniors to return home in the evenings. Services may include:
•Supervised activities (arts, games, exercise)
•Health monitoring
•Meals and snacks
•Specialized dementia care
2. Home Health Care Services
Home health care provides personalized care in the comfort of your parent’s
home. Services can include:
•Nursing and medical care
•Personal care assistance (bathing, dressing, grooming)
•Physical and occupational therapy
•Housekeeping and meal preparation
3. Assisted Living Facilities
For seniors who need more comprehensive support but still value independence, assisted living facilities are ideal. These facilities offer:
•24/7 supervision and assistance
•Private or shared living spaces
•Social and recreational activities
•Dining and housekeeping services
4. Skilled Nursing Facilities (Nursing Homes)
For parents with significant medical needs, nursing homes provide aroundthe-clock skilled nursing care and rehabilitation services.
Researching Available Options in NYC
Given NYC’s size and diversity, finding a care program tailored to your parents’ needs can be a challenge. Here are practical strategies to streamline your
7 FAMILY MATTERS
Best Adult Care/ continued from page 6
research:
1. Online Directories
Websites like NYC Department for the Aging and Eldercare Locator offer comprehensive lists of adult care programs in the city. Use filters to identify programs based on location, services, and specializations.
2. Community Resources
Local community centers, libraries, and places of worship often have information on nearby adult care programs. In NYC, organizations such as JASA (Jewish Association Serving the Aging) or the Chinese-American Planning Council offer culturally specific care options.
3. Professional Geriatric Care Managers
A geriatric care manager can evaluate your parents’ needs and recommend the best care options. They also assist with care coordination and navigating the application process.
4. Personal Recommendations
Speak with friends, colleagues, or neighbors who have gone through a similar process. First-hand experiences can provide valuable insights into the quality of different care programs.
Evaluating the Quality of Adult Care Programs
Once you’ve identified potential pro-
grams, a thorough evaluation is essential. Consider the following factors:
1. Licensing and Accreditation
Ensure the program is licensed by the state and accredited by reputable organizations like the Joint Commission or CARF International.
2. Staff Qualifications and Ratios
Check the qualifications of staff members and the staff-to-participant ratio. Programs with well-trained staff and lower ratios often provide better care.
3. Facility Environment
Visit the facility in person to assess cleanliness, safety, and accessibility. Observe whether participants appear engaged and content.
4. Services and Amenities
Confirm that the program offers the services your parents need, such as medical support, meal plans, or cultural activities.
5. Cultural Sensitivity
NYC’s diversity makes it possible to find programs catering to specific cultural, dietary, or linguistic preferences. For example, some programs offer kosher meals or bilingual staff.
6. Cost and Financial Assistance
Review the program’s costs and check if it accepts Medicaid, Medicare, or longterm care insurance. NYC also offers financial assistance programs through the Human Resources Administration (HRA).
Involving Your Parents in the Decision
Involving your parents in the decisionmaking process is critical for their emotional well-being and satisfaction. Here are some tips:
•Tour Together: Arrange visits to shortlisted facilities and let your parents ask questions and interact with staff.
•Respect Preferences: Prioritize your parents’ preferences, even if they differ from your expectations.
•Explain Benefits: Highlight the advantages of each option and how it aligns with their needs and desires.
Overcoming Emotional and Logistical Challenges
The journey to finding the right care program can be emotionally taxing for both you and your parents. Here’s how to address common challenges:
1. Emotional Resistance
Some parents may resist the idea of adult care. To ease their concerns:
•Emphasize how the program supports their independence and social engagement.
•Share positive testimonials from participants.
•Reassure them that family involvement will continue.
2. Financial Constraints
Care programs in NYC can be expensive. Explore these options: •Medicaid or Medicare coverage
•NYC’s home care programs for lowincome seniors
•Nonprofit organizations offering subsidized care
3. Time Constraints
Balancing care research with your responsibilities can be challenging. Delegate tasks among family members or hire a care manager for additional support.
Making the Final Decision
Once you’ve evaluated all options and addressed logistical concerns, make a decision that prioritizes your parents’ well-being and aligns with their preferences. Document key details, such as the program’s services, schedule, and contact information, to ensure a smooth transition.
Finding the best adult care program for aging parents in NYC requires careful planning, research, and collaboration. By understanding your parents’ needs, exploring available options, and involving them in the decision-making process, you can identify a care program that ensures their safety, happiness, and dignity. While the journey may be challenging, the peace of mind knowing your parents are well-cared-for is invaluable.l
8 EQUITY SMART REALTY
Buying a Home for the First Time: Five Essential Tips for Success
As we step into the new year, many people find themselves considering the exciting yet challenging prospect of buying their first home. Whether you're tired of renting, looking to build equity, or simply ready to put down roots, purchasing your first home is a significant milestone. However, the process can be overwhelming, especially if you're unfamiliar with the ins and outs of the real estate market. That's where the professionals at Equity Smart come in—ready to offer guidance every step of the way. To help you get started on the right foot, here are five essential tips to remember when buying a home for the first time.
1. Get Pre-Approved for a Mortgage Before browsing listings or attending open houses, it's crucial to understand how much home you can afford. This means getting pre-approved for a mortgage. A pre-approval letter from a lender outlines how much they will lend you based on your financial situation, including your credit score, income, and debtto-income ratio. By getting pre-approved early in the process, you set a clear budget for your home search and signal to sellers that you're a serious and qualified buyer. The professionals at Equity Smart
can connect you with trusted lenders to help you navigate the mortgage preapproval process smoothly.
2. Define Your Must-Haves and Deal
Breakers
When purchasing your first home, it's easy to get swept up in the excitement of the process. However, it's essential to define your priorities early on. Make a list of your "must-haves" (features you can't live without, such as a certain number of bedrooms or proximity to work) and your "deal breakers" (features or conditions that would immediately rule out a property, such as major structural issues or an undesirable location). This list will serve as a guiding tool, ensuring you stay focused on properties that meet your needs and prevent you from wasting time on homes that don't align with your goals. The team at Equity Smart can help
you refine your criteria and provide recommendations based on your preferences.
3. Understand the Total Cost of Homeownership
Many first-time homebuyers focus solely on the purchase price when calculating affordability. However, it's important to remember that the total cost of homeownership goes beyond the monthly mortgage payment. Additional costs include property taxes, homeowners insurance, utilities, maintenance, and potential homeowners association (HOA) fees. Don't forget to factor in the cost of repairs or upgrades that may be needed after you move in. A clear picture of these ongoing expenses will help you avoid surprises. Equity Smart can offer guidance on these hidden costs, ensuring you fully understand the financial commitment of owning a home.
4. Don't Skip the Home Inspection
Home inspection is one of the most important steps in home-buying. A thorough inspection will reveal the property's condition and identify potential issues affecting its value or requiring expensive repairs. From foundation problems to outdated electrical systems, a profession-
al inspector will uncover any hidden flaws that may not be apparent during a standard walk-through. For first-time buyers, this step is crucial for making an informed decision. If any issues arise during the inspection, you can negotiate repairs or request a price reduction. The team at Equity Smart works closely with reputable home inspectors to help ensure you get a comprehensive evaluation of the property.
5. Work with a Knowledgeable Real Estate Agent
Navigating the real estate market can be complex, especially for first-time buyers. A skilled real estate agent is an invaluable asset who can guide you through every stage—from finding homes that meet your criteria to negotiating offers and closing the deal. Equity Smart's team of experienced agents is dedicated to helping first-time buyers make informed decisions. With local market knowledge and expert negotiating skills, we work hard to ensure you secure the best possible deal on your new home. Whether you're looking for your dream home or need advice, our professionals are ready to help you make the right decision. Call us at 888-670-6791 or book an appointment at www.askthelawyer.usl
9 DIASPORA CONCERNS
The executive order drew immediate legal challenges from states, immigrant rights groups, and expecting mothers. On January 23, three days after it was issued, Federal District Court Judge John C. Coughenour in Washington State called the order “blatantly unconstitutional” and blocked its implementation for 14 days. On February 5, Federal District Judge Deborah L. Boardman issued a preliminary injunction also stopping implementation of the executive order. The preliminary injunction preserves the status quo until final judgement. As a result, the executive order has indefinitely been blocked until these cases are adjudicated.
What is Birthright Citizenship?
hemisphere—meaning anyone born within U.S. territory is automatically a citizen at birth.
The Fourteenth Amendment
Birthright citizenship is the process by which babies automatically attain citizenship in a state upon birth. Countries throughout the world have adopted birthright citizenship in two forms: ancestry-based citizenship (jus sanguinis), which derives citizenship status for a child based on their parents’ citizenship, or birthplace-based citizenship (jus soli) which derives citizenship status based on the child’s place of birth. The United States adopted unrestricted birthplace-based citizenship—like the vast majority of other countries in the western
Enacted following the end of the Civil War, the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution sought to guarantee certain rights for African Americans and to rectify the Supreme Court’s Dred Scott v. Stanford decision, which deemed African Americans ineligible for citizenship based on their race. The first sentence of the Fourteenth Amendment states: “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.” Despite its troubled implementation lead-
ing to the adoption of Jim Crow laws, the goal of this clause in the Amendment was to end the existence of a class of people who were subjected to American law but excluded from American legal rights. Birthplace-based citizenship was used to ensure that those born in the United States, regardless of race, would be citizens, subject to limited exceptions.
Children of undocumented immigrants historically have been protected under the citizenship clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. According to most legal scholars, undocumented immigrants come to the United States for employment, to contribute to the economy, and to live among U.S. society. What makes immigration laws enforceable against them is that they are “subject to the juris-
diction” of the United States. The Fourteenth Amendment became the basis for landmark Supreme Court rulings over the years addressing birthright citizenship because the Citizenship Clause’s line about who was “subject to the jurisdiction” of the United States generated some uncertainty.
The 1898 ruling in United States v. Wong Kim Ark finally answered the question whether a child of Chinese immigrants (who were ineligible for citizenship due to the Chinese Exclusion Acts) born on U.S. territory was eligible for birthright citizenship. The case confirmed the unequivocal precedent that anyone born in the United States, regardless of their parent’s immigration status, is a citizen at birth.
Executive Order 14156: “Protecting the Meaning and Value of American Citizenship”
President Trump’s executive order drastically diverged from over a century of precedent as it deviated from the United States’ longstanding policy of unrestricted birthplace-based citizenship. While the executive order confirmed that the Fourteenth Amendment “rightfully repudiated” the Dred Scott decision, it asserted that the Fourteenth Amendment has “always excluded from birthright citiBirthright Citizenship/ continued from page 1
continued on page 10
DIASPORA CONCERNS
Birthright Citizenship/ continued from page 9
zenship persons who were born in the United States but not subject to the jurisdiction thereof.”
The order outlined two categories of individuals “born in the United States and not subject to the jurisdiction thereof,” that the administration believes should not be U.S. citizens by birth: a child of an undocumented mother and a father who is not a citizen or lawful permanent resident OR a mother who is a temporary visitor and a father who is not a citizen or lawful permanent resident. The order would have made ancestry a criteria for citizenship – it requires children born on U.S. soil to have at least one parent with U.S. citizenship or a green card to be born a U.S. citizen.
The order directed government agencies in the United States to stop issuing documents recognizing babies falling under these categories as U.S. citizens. One potential impact of the directive would have prohibited the U.S. State Department from issuing U.S. passports to these categories of children. However, the directive also would have prohibited the federal government from recognizing birth certificates issued by state and local governments that qualified the children targeted by the executive order as U.S. citizens, creating confusion and concerns about the impact of this action at the state level.
Legal Action Against the Executive Order
The executive order drew immediate legal challenges with six lawsuits brought by 22 states, immigrant rights groups, and expecting mothers.
According to the lawsuits, the Citizenship Clause secures unrestricted birthplace-based citizenship for all those born on U.S. territory. This is because in overturning Dred Scott, Congress repudiated the concept of deriving birthright citizenship “based in any way on racial, hereditary, or dependent on a parent’s immigration status.” The issue has further been cemented by the Supreme Court precedent in Wong Kim Ark. As such, the executive branch does not have the authority to “rewrite or nullify a constitutional amendment.” Nor is the
branch “empowered by any other source of law to limit who receives United States citizenship at birth.”
In the lawsuit filed by the states of Washington, Arizona, Illinois and Oregon, Judge Coughenour—nominated to the court by President Ronald Reagan—granted a 14-day restraining order, which blocked implementation of the order, after calling the executive order “blatantly unconstitutional.” On February 5, 2025, Judge Boardman, issued a preliminary injunction in the lawsuit filed by expecting mothers, repeatedly pointing to the Supreme Court’s ruling in Wong Kim Ark settling the question of birthright citizenship and stating, “The United States Supreme Court has resoundingly rejected the president’s interpretation of the citizenship
10
clause of the 14th amendment. In fact, no court in the country has ever endorsed the president’s interpretation. This court will not be the first.” This injunction is more permanent than the temporary restraining order as it indefinitely halts the executive order from taking place until the court settles the issue.
President Trump stated during his candidacy that this executive order would be to “discourage future waves” of irregular migration. However, the lawsuits argued that abolishing birthright citizenship will only “impose second-class status” on a group of children born in the United States. Future generations of children would be denied basic healthcare, the right to vote, the right to hold certain jobs, unable to obtain require identification, and more even though they were born in the United States and have never lived anywhere else. The executive order resurrects the notion of a “caste-based system” that targets individuals for disparate treatment based on their parents’ citizenship status, and directs the country dangerously back to the “reprehensible conception of hereditary birthright citizenship espoused in Dred Scott.”
The legal precedent against ending birthright citizenship is clear and must be followed by courts as this case works itself through the legal system.l
The American Immigration Council does not endorse or oppose candidates for elected office. We aim to provide analysis regarding the implications of the election on the U.S. immigration system.
ICE is Knocking On Your Door. What Are Your Rights?
President Donald Trump's "mass deportation" efforts have begun, with one key tool being the expansion of the "expedited removal" program. This approach allows immigration officers to quickly deport individuals without due process if they can prove the person entered the U.S. without proper documentation and has been in the country for less than two years. Under expedited removal, individuals may be detained and deported without ever appearing before an immigration judge.In addition to those targeted by expedited removal, other immigrants—regardless of how long they've been in the U.S.—are at risk of immigration enforcement and deportation. Individuals without secure immigration status, those previously ordered deported, and people with ties to the criminal legal system are particularly vulnerable to these actions.
In light of recent executive orders and the increased risk of enforcement actions against immigrant communities in New York and across the country, we want to make sure that you, your family and your loved ones are prepared and informed about your rights. The situation may be uncertain, but knowing your rights is one
of the most powerful tools you have.What are your rights?
IN YOUR HOME: ICE agents cannot search your person, belongings, car or home without your permission or without a valid search warrant signed by a judge with your correct name and address. If an ICE agent is at your door, you do not have to open it. You can ask them to show a warrant in a window or slide it under the door. Remember: An ICE deportation order is not the same as a search warrant and does not allow agents to legally enter your home.
AT WORK: ICE can only enter a workplace with the employer's consent or a court order. If they enter your workplace, do not panic or try to run away. You have the right to remain silent. You have the right to speak to a lawyer and, if you are detained and taken into custody, you have the right to immediately contact a lawyer.
IN PUBLIC: You are not obliged to answer questions about your immigration status, where you were born or how you entered the country. You can refuse to be
searched. If you are stopped for questioning but not arrested, you do not have to consent to a search of yourself or your belongings, but an officer can “pat down” your clothing if they suspect you have a weapon. Politely say, “I am exercising my right to remain silent.”
work, or in public, remain silent and do not panic or try to flee. You have the right to contact a lawyer immediately. You can download information about your rights in English and Spanish at www.askthelawyer.us
If you or a loved one is at risk, consider the following options:
AT DOCTOR'S OFFICES, SCHOOLS,
AND
PLACES OF WOR-
SHIP: These spaces were once protected as “sensitive” areas, but ICE has recently been given the green light to deport people from these spaces. As at home, at
1. Make an emergency plan with your loved ones, including plans for the guardianship of dependents.
2. Locate a lawyer you can call in case of detention.l
Orientation is Tuesday, February 18, 2025 Join us via Zoom at 6pm
Editorial credit: Christopher Penler / Shutterstock.com
12 WORKERS’ RIGHTS
Regenerative Organizing for Care Workers: A Path to Strengthening the Labor Movement
The labor movement must adapt and regenerate to remain effective in the face of mounting pressures and ongoing challenges. This is especially true for care workers, who often navigate immense stress and trauma due to the demanding nature of their roles and systemic inequities. As the work landscape evolves, initiatives like the Regenerative Organizing model are critical to supporting these workers and rejuvenating the movement.
On February 27, the public is invited to join a vital program introducing the Regenerative Organizing approach. Recently piloted by The Worker Institute in collaboration with care workers, unions, and worker organizations, this initiative addresses the unique challenges care workers face while fostering leadership and empowerment within the workforce.
Understanding Regenerative Organizing
Regenerative Organizing is a new model designed to equip workers with the tools they need to support themselves and each other through the stresses of their profession. The goal is to deepen leadership and ensure workers can continue advo-
MTA Procurement
The MTA encourages vendors who have not done business with us to register for our bidders list using MY MTA Portal for vendors at www.mymta.info.
Registered vendors can search for procurement opportunities across all MTA agencies and receive invitations to bid or propose on the types of goods and services they can provide. Certified minority and women-owned businesses (M/WBE), service-disabled veteran-owned businesses (SDVOB), and disadvantaged businesses (DBE), are strongly encouraged to compete for MTA opportunities.
Visit our website at https://new.mta.info/doingbusiness-with-us for detailed information and guidelines.
cating for systemic changes while maintaining their well-being. The model takes into account the emotional and physical toll that caregiving work can impose, recognizing that workers in these fields often experience burnout, emotional strain, and trauma.
The model responds to the growing need for holistic support in labor movements. Integrating regenerative practices emphasizes resilience, recovery, and empowerment, allowing workers to advocate for fair treatment and maintain their mental and emotional health.
Addressing the Urgent Need for Change
Care workers are essential to society's health and well-being but often face some of the most challenging working conditions. Long hours, understaffing, and inadequate pay are just a few systemic issues plaguing the caregiving profession. Many workers also encounter the emotional strain of providing care for vulnerable populations, contributing to high rates of burnout and mental health struggles.
Given these factors, the need for initiatives like Regenerative Organizing has never been more urgent. Addressing the root causes of worker stress and trauma provides an avenue for tackling work-
place challenges and fostering a community of mutual support among care workers.
Impact on the Care Worker Workforce
The pilot program led by The Worker Institute has already shown promise in helping care workers and their unions navigate the complexities of their work.
The Regenerative Organizing model equips participants with practical tools to combat stress, build solidarity, and inspire deeper levels of leadership within their ranks. Focusing on care and personal well-being seeks to transform how care workers engage with each other and their work.
As part of the upcoming public program, cohort members will share their personal experiences and the positive impact they've seen in their work environments. These stories will provide
insights into how regenerative practices have helped them manage the emotional toll of their jobs and strengthened their collective power.
Expanding Beyond Care Workers
Although the model was initially piloted with care workers, its potential applications are vast. Speakers at the event will discuss how this organizing model can be adapted to other industries and workforces facing similar challenges. From healthcare to education and beyond, the principles of Regenerative Organizing can help support workers in diverse fields by addressing their unique stressors while encouraging long-term resilience.
The model is also adaptable for use within other unions and worker organizations, allowing for broader movementbuilding that considers workers' personal and emotional needs alongside the push for systemic change.
Why Regenerative Organizing Matters
In an era when labor movements face various challenges, from political opposition to economic instability, it's critical to approach organizing with a focus on sustainability and long-term health. Regenerative Organizing provides a framework for a more holistic approach to labor advocacy, ensuring that workers are fighting for change and their own well-being in the process.
As we look toward the future, care workers—and all workers—need more than traditional unionizing efforts. They need systems that nurture their health, build solidarity, and encourage resilience in the face of adversity. Initiatives like Regenerative Organizing offer hope for a new, more sustainable labor movement that honors workers' humanity while advocating for systemic change.
Join the Conversation
The Regenerative Organizing public program on February 27 offers an exciting opportunity to learn more about this transformative approach to labor advocacy. By attending, you'll gain insights into how this model can be applied within your work community and explore its potential for reshaping the future of work. It's time to prioritize care, resilience, and empowerment—join the movement today.l
BY CHRIS TOBIAS
COUNTRY FOCUS: GUYANA
President Ali: Guyana’s Economy Diversification Strategy Essential to Enduring Global Economic Shocks
President Dr Mohamed Irfaan Ali has underscored the significance of Guyana’s ambitious economic diversification strategy even as global economic shocks is anticipated due to policy changes in the United States and its influence on major economies.
During Sunday’s episode of the Energy Perspective Podcast, President Ali said while Guyana is among the fastest growing economies, it is still interrelated with regional and global markets that is facing numerous challenges.
Guyana’s economy can be impacted with the US pushing to expand oil and gas exploration.
President Ali said Guyana must proactively plan for such factors, ensuring long-term stability beyond oil and gas.
“That is what we have been communicating to the Guyanese people from day one. That is, we have to be responsible in the way we manage the resources from oil and gas. And that is why it is so critical for us to pursue economic diversification and build out other segments and sectors of our economy,” he stated.
As a matter of fact, the government has been injecting oil revenues to expand infrastructure, health, education, housing and other social services, and importantly, to position Guyana as a major hub for food production.
President Ali highlighted concerns over rising food prices which could result from labour shortages in the United States due to immigration policies and severe weather patterns.
In response to this predicted issue, President Ali outlined that his government has made heavy investments in sustainable agriculture, agro-processing and modern farming technologies such as hydroponics.
“And all of this is not only to create local opportunities, but it is to respond to global challenges. So, when we are building the economy here – it is not built in isolation of the realities globally,” the head of state said.
He noted that the 2025 national budget directly mitigates these challenges, as the government has maintained pre-COVID freight rates for import duties.
The president emphasized that these measures will effectively remove the economic burden from consumers.
The government has allocated provisions to address bottle-neck challenges in the Demerara River, allowing large ships to commute on Guyana’s shores.
“We are working now with the private sector to have a model that would have a long-term solution to this issue of dredging and the issue of having a draft that is consistently at low tide and high tide…so that large ships can come in,” he disclosed.
The head of state also reiterated the importance of regional collaboration for
economic growth, highlighting the investment in constructing the Linden to Mabura Hill roadway that will connect Guyana with Northern Brazil.
This substantial investment, President Ali noted, will create additional avenues
for collaboration and enhance trade opportunities, thereby integrating Guyana’s economy with regional supply chains.
And with energy prices set to significantly decrease, due to the transforma-
tive gas-to-energy project at Wales in Region Three, the president said it is time to articulate a plan on the type of transport and logistics development needed.
“We have to look at, not only the large industries, but look at all the micro and medium-sized enterprises that can be developed out of this great potential,” President Ali asserted.
He highlighted Trinidad and Tobago as an example which utilized revenues from its oil for cheap energy costs that developed a strong manufacturing and agroprocessing sectors.
According to him, by enhancing food production and the manufacturing and agro-processing industry, the government aims to create wealth, jobs, and resilience against economic shocks. This topic was among a number of issues discussed in the 50-minute-long podcast that can be found on the presidential official social media page.l
Source: dpi.gov.gy
President Dr Mohamed Irfaan Ali being interviewed by Kiana Wilberg, the Chief Executive Officer of the Guyana Energy Conference and Supply Chain Expo on the Energy Perspective Podcast. Photo: dpi.gov.gy
AG James Secures $6 Million Judgment Against Unlicensed Cannabis Store
NEW YORK: New York Attorney
General Letitia James secured a $6 million judgment against the owner of Big Chief Smoke Shop (Big Chief), an unlicensed cannabis store in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn. Big Chief sold cannabis for more than a year without a license and ignored repeated orders by the Office of Cannabis Management (OCM) and other law enforcement authorities to stop operating without a license. The Office of the Attorney General (OAG) and OCM obtained a judicial closing order that shut down Big Chief in December 2023. This judgment requires Big Chief’s owner to pay nearly $5.9 million in penalties for selling cannabis without a license and continuing to do so after being ordered by OCM to stop, $121,000 in disgorgement of illegal profits, and $44K in costs and attorney’s fees.
“Rules and regulations, especially over the cannabis industry, are designed to protect New York consumers and keep neighborhoods safe,” said Attorney General James. “Big Chief Smoke Shop ignored repeated warnings to stop operating without a license and instead they
kept their doors open, putting New Yorkers at risk. My office secured a $6 million judgment against the owners of Big Chief Smoke Shop for brazenly violating the law and disrupting the local community. Hopefully this judgment will serve as a warning to anyone who thinks they can ignore our laws and endanger our communities.”
“New Yorkers need and expect a safe, regulated cannabis market where business owners play by the rules,” said Senator Andrew Gounardes. “By repeatedly refusing to do the right thing, Big Chief did an immense disservice to our community in Bay Ridge and to all the
activity, frequently trashed the area outside their premises, and blatantly mocked and provoked residents, elected officials, and law enforcement in the press. People in Bay Ridge took notice – Big Chief was certainly not the only illegal cannabis store in our neighborhood, but they generated more complaints to my office, in the one-plus year they were open, than any other single legal or illegal establishment in my district since I took office in 2018. I am grateful to Attorney General James for making sure Big Chief must now pay for the price.”
licensed retailers operating in New York. I'm grateful to Attorney General James for holding Big Chief accountable. Let this be a message to all other retailers trying to skirt the law: New York will shut you down.”
“Of all the unlicensed cannabis operators who worked to undermine the rollout of the legalized cannabis industry in New York, Big Chief was one of the worst bad actors I’ve seen,” said New York City Councilmember Justin Brannan. “Beyond endangering their customers and our community by selling untaxed, unregulated, and illegal products, they were bad neighbors who hosted illegal
New York’s Cannabis Law requires any person who cultivates, processes, or sells any cannabis product to be registered and licensed by the New York State Cannabis Control Board. The law imposes a penalty of up to $10,000 for each day an individual sells cannabis without a license, and a penalty of up to $20,000 for each day an individual continues to sell cannabis after receiving an order to cease operating from OCM. Additional revenue-based civil penalties may also be imposed based on the amount of the unlicensed sales. The $6 million judgment against Big Chief Smoke Shop resulted from a combination of disgorgement, administrative fines, daily penalties, and revenue-based penalties for Big Chief’s unlicensed activities.
Big Chief Smoke Shop had been selling cannabis without a license since at least November 2022. In August 2023, OCM and the New York State Department of Taxation and Finance (DTF) investigators conducted an inspection of Big Chief, confirmed Big Chief was selling cannabis without a license, and seized more than 400 pounds of cannabis and cannabis products. At the inspection, OCM served Big Chief with an order to stop operating without a license and posted the violation, cease order, and warning notices informing the public of the dangers of illicit cannabis on the front windows of the store.
In a follow-up inspection in October 2023, OCM investigators observed that the violation, cease order, and warning documents OCM posted on the front windows of Big Chief were removed or covered over and that the store was still actively selling cannabis without a license. During the inspection, investigators seized more than 200 pounds of illicit cannabis and issued another violation notice and order to stop operating. OAG and OCM obtained a court order mandating the closure of Big Chief in December 2023.
Cannabis products sold by unlicensed businesses are not lab tested by OCMlicensed facilities, can be unsafe to consume, and are not taxed. The OAG is authorized upon request by OCM to bring a proceeding against any person who violates the Cannabis Law.
Attorney General James thanks OCM, DTF, and the governor for their collaboration.l
AG James Editorial credit: Gordon Donovan / Shutterstock.com
Bob Marley: A Legacy of Music, Message and Impact
BY JANET HOWARD
February 6, marks the birthday of one of the most iconic and influential figures in music history—Bob Marley. Born on February 6, 1945, in Nine Mile, Jamaica, Bob Marley became a global symbol of peace, unity, and love through his powerful lyrics and unforgettable melodies. Over five decades after his rise to prominence, his achievements continue to resonate with people worldwide, and his music's message remains as relevant today as ever.
Bob Marley's Achievements and Musical Journey
Bob Marley's career is a testament to the transformative power of music. As the frontman of Bob Marley and the Wailers, he helped to introduce reggae music to the global stage. His rise to fame began in the late 1960s when he merged traditional Jamaican rhythms with soulful lyrics that spoke to the struggles of oppressed people worldwide. His music told stories of hardship, resistance, and hope, which struck a deep chord with listeners from all walks of life.
Numerous groundbreaking achievements marked Bob Marley's career. His 1977 album Exodus is widely regarded as one of the greatest albums of all time, featuring hits like "One Love," "Three Little Birds," and "Jamming." These songs, infused with reggae rhythms and socially conscious messages, quickly became anthems for peace and positivity. Marley's songs also tackled racial inequality, social justice, and political unrest. With an unyielding commitment to justice, his music spread love, equality, and human rights messages. His abili-
ty to blend his messages of unity and freedom with music that could be universally enjoyed made him an international sensation.
His achievements extend beyond music. In 1978, Marley played a pivotal role in political peace efforts in Jamaica, helping to ease tensions between political factions through his famous One Love Peace Concert—a performance that brought rival political leaders together on stage. This historic moment exemplified Marley's belief in the power of music to create change.
The Importance of His Message Today
Though Bob Marley passed away in 1981 at 36, his music and messages continue to impact global culture, politics, and social movements. In today's world, Marley's songs offer a source of solace and motivation for those fighting for justice, equality, and love.
In a time of growing political division, social unrest, and environmental crises, Marley's message of unity is more important than ever. Songs like "Get Up, Stand Up," "Redemption Song," and "No Woman, No Cry" remind us of the importance of standing up for what's right, seeking redemption, and finding comfort in the face of adversity. These songs encourage listeners to believe in the possibility of change, even when faced with challenges.
Moreover, Bob Marley's music has helped to amplify global conversations surrounding racial justice and equality. His music celebrates African heritage and connects with people from marginalized communities worldwide. For individuals fighting for social change, Bob Marley's call to action through peaceful
influence on contemporary culture is profound, with his name synonymous with hope, peace, and freedom. His ability to infuse messages of spirituality, resistance, and positivity into melodies that resonate across generations is why his legacy remains unwavering.
In many ways, Bob Marley's music continues to serve as a unifying force in a fragmented world. His songs provide a soundtrack to both personal and collective struggles. Whether overcoming personal hardship or advocating for social justice, Bob Marley's music fosters a sense of connection. His universal appeal is a testament to the fact that his messages transcend borders, race, and time.
As we celebrate Bob Marley's birthday today, it's important to remember the lasting legacy he left behind. His music continues to inspire individuals world-
wide to keep fighting for a better future, promote peace and love, and embrace unity in a world that often seems divided. Whether through his infectious beats or the powerful words of his songs, Bob Marley's music will always remind us of the power of hope, the necessity of love, and the promise of redemption.
More Than a Birthday
Bob Marley's birthday is not just a celebration of his musical genius but also a reminder of the ongoing importance of his messages. In times of uncertainty, his music offers both guidance and comfort. As we reflect on his remarkable achievements, we can't help but acknowledge how much his words, music, and vision continue to mean to us today. Bob Marley may have left this world decades ago, but his legacy inspires us to live with love, hope, and an unwavering belief in a better tomorrow.l
means has become a timeless inspiration. What Bob Marley Means to Us Today Bob Marley's impact transcends his era. His
Hon Robert “Bob” Nesta Marley Editorial credit: Hendra Sumatera / Shutterstock.com
Want a Healthier Valentine's Day? More Hugs and Kisses
BY MICHAEL PRECKER AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION NEWS
Too much Valentine candy probably won't be good for your health.
But the heart-centric holiday's hugs and kisses are a different story.
"We crave social connection and human touch," said Ashley Thompson, a social psychologist and associate professor at the University of Minnesota Duluth. "Hugging and kissing are a big part of that, and we know they're incredibly beneficial for many reasons."
First, the caveats: Both people in the equation must completely agree with the interaction. And whether in flu season or during an enduring pandemic, be careful with whom you're sharing germs.
But if all those conditions are met, said Kory Floyd, professor of communication at the University of Arizona in Tucson, "expressions of affection don't just feel good psychologically or emotionally, they're intervening in our physiology."
Besides burning a few calories a minute, kissing may be good for heart health. A 2009 study published in Western Journal of Communication
divided couples into two groups, one of which was instructed to step up their romantic kissing. After six weeks, the enhanced kissers reported less stress, more satisfying relationships – and lower cholesterol. Other research shows cuddling with your significant other may lower blood pressure.
The keys to positive results, said Floyd, who studies the effects of affectionate behavior, are hormones.
"When we share affection with somebody, it lowers our stress hormones," he said. "One of them is cortisol, which comes from the adrenal glands. When we're stressed out, our cortisol level is elevated, and affection can bring them
back to the baseline level. It can also lower blood pressure and heart rate if those are elevated."
Hugging and kissing get the brain involved as well. "That releases oxytocin, which helps facilitate bonding," Thompson said. "The more oxytocin, the stronger the bond we're going to have with our partner. Without the oxytocin, we can't build those connections." That's why oxytocin is commonly referred to as the cuddle chemical, she said.
Human touch and kissing also can produce higher levels of dopamine, a hormone that creates feelings of reward and pleasure. "It's like a happy drug," Thompson said.
Take away that affection, Floyd said, "and people don't sleep as well. They're in more physical pain and are more susceptible to secondary immune disorders, depression and other mood disorders."
A 2020 report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine underscored that point, noting that older adults who are isolated or lonely may have a higher risk of heart disease and depression.
Other research published in 2014 in Psychological Science assessed more than 400 adults for their stress levels and how often they received hugs. Then they exposed them to the cold virus. The hugdeprived people got sick more often and more seriously than those who reported lots of hugs.
While affection may be a great prescription, Floyd said, there's no recommended daily dose.
"We don't all need the same amount of sleep or to eat the same amount to be healthy," he said. "We don't all need the same amount of affection to feel fulfilled and connected. But just like with sleep and food, everybody needs some."
continued on page 19
Your First Valentine's Day After Divorce: Tips for Self-Care and Healing
BY JANET HOWARD
The first Valentine's Day after a divorce can feel daunting and emotional. It’s a time that may bring up feelings of sadness, loneliness, and even resentment as you face a day traditionally focused on love and relationships. However, with the right mindset and approach, you can turn this potentially difficult day into an opportunity for self-reflection, healing, and selfcare.
Whether this is your first Valentine’s Day since your split or you've been adjusting to life post-divorce for some time, there are ways to navigate the day that will help you heal and grow. Here’s how to handle your first Valentine’s Day after divorce:
1. Acknowledge Your Emotions
The first step in dealing with your first Valentine's Day after divorce is to give yourself permission to feel whatever emotions come up. It’s okay to feel sad, angry, relieved, or even indifferent. This is a major life change, and there’s no right or wrong way to feel.
Taking time to sit with your emotions, acknowledge them, and process them is vital. Journaling, talking to a close friend or therapist, or simply taking a moment to reflect can help you navigate this emotionally charged day with more clarity and peace.
2. Reframe Your Perspective Valentine’s Day is often seen as a day to celebrate romantic love, but it doesn’t have to be limited to that. Reframing the day can be an empowering way to move
forward. Consider celebrating all types of love—not just romantic. This could include the love you have for yourself, your family, friends, or even your children if you have them. By reframing Valentine’s Day as a celebration of all kinds of love, it helps shift your focus away from what you’ve lost and instead look at what’s still present in your life. This change in perspective can give you a sense of gratitude and positivity.
3. Focus on Self-Care
The first Valentine’s Day after divorce is an excellent opportunity to prioritize self-care. Divorce is emotionally exhausting, and taking time for yourself is essential to your healing process. Think of it as a day to practice self-love and nurture your emotional, mental, and physical well-being.
Here are some self-care activities to consider:
•Treat yourself to your favorite meal or dessert.
•Watch a comforting movie or TV show.
•Take a long bath with soothing candles and music.
•Read a book that brings you joy or helps you grow.
•Indulge in a spa day or visit a wellness center for a massage.
Self-care doesn’t need to be extravagant; it’s about finding peace and contentment within yourself. Take a moment to disconnect from the pressures of the world and give yourself some tender love and care.
continued on page 19
19 LOVE & RELATIONSHIPS
First Valentine continued from page 18
4. Surround Yourself with Positive Support
Being surrounded by positive people who understand your situation can make all the difference. You might find it helpful to spend time with close friends or family who uplift you. Sharing the day with people who love and support you, even in a non-romantic way, can help alleviate the feeling of loneliness that often accompanies the holiday.
Alternatively, if being with others feels too much, you can spend the day in solitude, but make sure to do so in a way that makes you feel safe and empowered. Take time to reflect on how far you’ve come and give yourself credit for getting through this challenging time.
5. Set New Traditions
Starting fresh after a divorce means letting go of old patterns and creating new, healthier traditions. If Valentine's Day was once associated with painful memories, it’s a chance to craft new rituals that reflect your growth and new sense of self.
For example, you might want to:
•Write a letter to yourself about how you’ve grown and what you’ve learned.
•Spend time doing something you love, whether it’s painting, hiking, or attending
a class.
•Volunteer at a local charity, helping others and giving back to the community. The key is to do something that feels authentic to you and brings you joy. By creating new traditions, you can embrace this day as one that honors your journey
6. Consider Seeking Professional Support
If you’re struggling with the emotional weight of your first Valentine’s Day after divorce, it might be helpful to seek professional support. A therapist or divorce coach can help you work through your feelings and provide strategies to manage the challenges that come with this transition.
Healing takes time, and there’s no rush. Having a professional to talk to can provide valuable perspective and guidance as you move forward.
Final
Thoughts
The first Valentine’s Day after divorce can feel overwhelming, but it’s also a powerful opportunity for self-growth and renewal. By acknowledging your feelings, reframing your perspective, focusing on self-care, and creating new traditions, you can turn this holiday into a meaningful experience.
Remember, you’re not alone on this journey. Take it one step at a time, and embrace the chance to build a brighter future for yourself.l
Healthier Valentine continued from page 16
The pandemic, when many people have been isolated and quarantined for long periods, has reinforced the importance of physical contact.
"People went through a big withdrawal," Thompson said. "I guess the silver lining was it forced us to get creative."
Floyd agreed. "People who already felt affection-deprived certainly suffered a great deal, but people who weren't deprived before were really missing it," he said. "At least now we have Zoom and FaceTime and all these technologies to help us keep those affectionate bonds."
Still, he said, "there's something special about tactile contact – handholding, kissing, hugging, putting your arms around somebody. Those are more health supportive than any others. And the one thing we couldn't do was reach through that computer screen."l
20 KNOW YOUR RIGHTS
High Sodium Intake/ continued from page 1
The findings indicate a high sodium/salt intake, nearly double the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended 2 grams of sodium (5 g of salt) per day, which could increase the burden of chronic diseases in the region.
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death in the Americas. Evidence shows that excessive sodium consumption is a key risk factor for developing hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the importance of reducing sodium intake among the population.
WHO Member States have set a global target to reduce sodium/salt consumption by 30% by 2025, which is essential to achieving a 25% reduction in premature mortality from NCDs. “Excessive sodium consumption is a public health challenge that requires urgent and coordinated responses. Evidence shows that reducing sodium intake in the population can prevent cardiovascular diseases and other NCDs, improving people's quality of life and reducing pressure on health systems,” said Dr. Anselm Hennis, Director of the Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health at PAHO.
In many countries, approximately threequarters of the sodium consumed comes from processed and ultra-processed
foods, including bread, cereals, processed meats, and cheese. In Barbados, ultraprocessed foods account for 40.5% of daily caloric intake. Meanwhile, in Trinidad and Tobago, an analysis of 1,239 processed and ultra-processed products found that many food categories—such as sauces, dressings, and fish and seafood products—exceed the sodium thresholds established by the PAHO Nutrient Profile Model.
Urinary sodium excretion, a key indicator of sodium intake, also confirms this trend. In Barbados, a study of AfroCaribbean adults found an average sodium excretion of 2,656 mg/day, with 68% of participants exceeding WHO recommendations. A regional study in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia found that sodium excretion levels suggested that 75% of the population consumed between 3 and 6 g/day of sodium. Additionally, these results were directly associated with a higher risk of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, particularly when sodium intake exceeded 5 g/day.
Despite progress in sodium reduction policies in the region, implementation remains uneven. A 2021 PAHO mapping found that out of 34 surveyed countries, 24 (70%) had NCD reduction policies that included a recommendation to lower sodium/salt intake in line with WHO guidelines. However, only six had comprehensive national strategies.
Strengthening sodium/salt reduction strategies, particularly those targeting the food industry, is essential. Among the most effective measures are the mandatory implementation of front-of-package warning labels on high-sodium products, regulation of ultra-processed food marketing to children and reformulation of processed and ultra-processed foods to reduce their sodium content. Additionally, promoting nutritional education through social marketing is key to raising awareness about the risks of high sodium consumption and encouraging healthy eating habits.
PAHO/WHO has developed various tools to support Member States in their efforts to reduce dietary sodium intake in the Americas, including The SHAKE Technical Package for Salt Reduction; SHAKE the Salt Habit, as well as the Updated PAHO Regional Sodium Reduction Targets, A Tool to Tackle the Burden of Diet-related Noncommunicable Diseases.l
21 KNOW YOUR RIGHTS
Why the ITIN is Good for Undocumented Immigrants
An Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) is a tax processing number issued by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to individuals who are required to have a U.S. taxpayer identification number but are not eligible for a Social Security Number (SSN). This includes nonresident aliens, resident aliens, and undocumented immigrants who have federal tax filing obligations. The ITIN enables these individuals to comply with U.S. tax laws by filing tax returns and paying taxes.
Benefits of ITINs for Undocumented Individuals
1.Tax Compliance: ITINs allow undocumented immigrants to fulfill their legal obligation to file federal income tax returns. This compliance is crucial, as failure to file taxes can have legal consequences and may negatively impact future immigration proceedings.
2.Contribution to Public Services: By paying taxes, undocumented immigrants contribute to essential public services such as Social Security, Medicare, and
infrastructure development. In 2022, undocumented immigrants paid approximately $96.7 billion in federal, state, and local taxes, including $25.7 billion in Social Security taxes and $6.4 billion in Medicare taxes. Despite being ineligible for these benefits, their contributions support the overall economy.
3. Financial Opportunities: Possessing an ITIN enables individuals to open bank accounts, apply for credit, and secure loans. Some financial institutions accept ITINs in place of SSNs, facilitating access to financial services that can aid in building credit history and achieving financial stability.
4.Pathway to Legalization: Maintaining a history of tax compliance can be beneficial for undocumented immigrants seeking legal status. Proof of consistent tax payments may demonstrate good moral character and continuous physical presence in the U.S., which are factors considered in certain immigration applications.
Drawbacks of ITINs
for Undocumented Individuals
1. Ineligibility for Benefits: Despite contributing to programs like Social Security and Medicare, ITIN holders are not eligible to receive benefits from these programs. Additionally, they cannot claim
the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), which is designed to assist low- to moderate-income workers.
2. No Legal Work Authorization: An ITIN does not provide legal authorization to work in the United States. It is solely intended for tax purposes and does not alter an individual's immigration status. Therefore, while an ITIN facilitates tax compliance, it does not protect against employment-related legal issues.
3.Limited Access to Tax Credits: ITIN holders are restricted from claiming certain tax credits. For instance, under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, from 2018 through 2025, taxpayers can only claim the Child Tax Credit for children with a valid SSN. This limitation excludes many ITIN holders from accessing this benefit.
4.Potential for Policy Changes: Immigration and tax policies are subject to change based on the prevailing political climate. For example, stricter immigration enforcement policies could deter continued on page 22
22 KNOW YOUR RIGHTS
ITIN for Undocumented Immigrants continued from page 21
undocumented individuals from applying for ITINs due to fear of exposure, despite IRS assurances that tax information is not shared with immigration authorities.
Considerations Under President Trump's 2025 Administration
As of February 2025, President Donald Trump's administration has implemented stricter immigration enforcement policies, including increased deportations of undocumented individuals. These policies may have significant implications for ITIN holders:
•Decreased Tax Revenue: Mass deportations could lead to a reduction in tax revenues. The Social Security Administration previously estimated that such actions could result in a loss of up to $20 billion annually in tax contributions.
•Economic Impact: The removal of undocumented workers may disrupt local economies by eliminating a substantial labor force and eroding the tax base that supports public services. This could have broader economic consequences, particularly in industries that rely heavily on immigrant labor.
•Increased Fear Among Immigrants:
Heightened enforcement may deter undocumented individuals from applying
for or renewing ITINs due to fear of detection and deportation, potentially leading to decreased tax compliance and further marginalization.
Conclusion
The ITIN serves as a vital tool for undocumented immigrants to comply with U.S. tax laws, contribute to public services, and access certain financial opportunities. However, it does not provide legal work authorization or eligibility for many tax benefits. Under the current administration's stringent immigration policies, ITIN holders face additional challenges that may impact their willingness to engage with tax systems and their overall economic stability. It is essential for policymakers to consider these factors when shaping tax and immigration policies to ensure that they promote compliance, economic contribution, and the well-being of all residents.l
Estate Planning/ continued from page 5
that grants someone the authority to manage your financial affairs if you become incapacitated.
Living Will: A directive that outlines your wishes for end-of-life care, including whether you want life-sustaining treatment if you are in a vegetative state or terminal condition.
Why You Should Act Now
The start of a new year presents the perfect opportunity to address your estate planning. It’s a fresh beginning, and taking control of your estate now can provide peace of mind for you and your family. There are several reasons why you shouldn’t wait:
Life is Unpredictable: Accidents, illnesses, and unforeseen events happen. None of us can predict the future, so it’s essential to plan to protect your loved ones regardless of what the year brings.
Avoid Procrastination: It’s easy to push estate planning down the list of priorities. However, the longer you wait, the more complicated it can become, especially as your assets and family dynamics change. Starting now means you can make informed decisions that reflect your current wishes.
Tax and Legal Changes: Estate laws and tax regulations can change yearly. An
estate plan now allows you to take advantage of current tax breaks and legal benefits before new laws take effect.
Peace of Mind: Knowing that your affairs are in order brings peace of mind. It allows you to focus on enjoying life and making memories with your loved ones rather than worrying about what might happen if something happened to you unexpectedly.
Getting Started
If you don’t know where to begin, start by consulting with an estate planning attorney. They can help you understand your options, create the necessary documents, and ensure your estate plan is legally sound. You can also talk to a financial advisor to ensure your assets are appropriately managed and aligned with your wishes.
As the new year unfolds, take the time to think about your legacy. Estate planning is an essential step in safeguarding your family’s future; it’s a necessity, not a luxury. Protect your loved ones, legacy, and assets. Contact the experienced Estate Planning Law Firm of Figeroux & Associates. Call 855-768-8845 or visit www.askthelawyer.us to book a consultation. The lawyer you hire does make a difference!
So, ask yourself: if not now, when? The time to act is now. l
The lawyer you hire, does make a difference!