in 13 African FCV Countries, Various Years

Mozambique (Int$960 in 2015). In contrast, the African FCV countries with the highest average annual output per worker in the primary sector were Nigeria (Int$11,128 in 2019), the Comoros (Int$9,813 in 2014), and Sudan (Int$9,668 in 2011) (figure 2.12). The overall low performance and labor productivity of the primary sector has negative impacts on food production, food security, and income creation. In addition, low agricultural productivity suggests that food systems in these countries have underdeveloped production, processing, and distribution practices. It is likely that conflict and violence have hindered farmers in these countries from adopting modern farming methods, which hampers the sector’s growth and the ability of these economies to address pressing food and economic insecurity. Along with low productivity more generally, this has ramifications for income levels, which have largely not increased. Poverty rates in the 18 African FCV countries (listed in table 2.4) range from 37.5 percent in Cameroon to 76.4 percent in South Sudan; 16 of the 18 countries have poverty rates above 40 percent.

FIGURE 2.12 Average Annual Output per Worker in Agriculture,

Forestry, and Fishery in 13 African FCV Countries, Various Years

International dollars, 2017 purchasing power parity

Non-FCV African countries (2018) Nigeria (2019) Comoros (2014) Sudan (2011) Gambia, The (2018) Burkina Faso (2018) Niger (2017) Mali (2018) Liberia (2016) Chad (2018) Cameroon (2014) Mozambique (2015) Zimbabwe (2014) Burundi (2017)

960 826 602 4,556 4,181 2,985 2,957 2,621 12,339 11,128 9,813 9,668 8,566 7,671

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

Output per worker, agriculture, foresty, and fishery

Source: Compilation for this publication, using data from World Bank 2020. Note: The data for South Sudan and Burundi are from 2016. FCV = fragility, conflict, and violence.