Zimbabwe

TABLE 4.9 BSFL, Meal, and Frass Production from Maize Output

Substrates, Zimbabwe

Waste/loss component Total waste/loss (tons) BSFL (tons) BSFL meal (tons)

Frass (tons) High Low High Low High Low

stover 656,776 197,033 65,678 66,991 22,330 197,033 65,678 postharvest losses 114,751 34,425 11,475 11,705 3,902 34,425 11,475 process waste 29,602 8,881 2,960 3,019 1,006 8,881 2,960 Consumption waste 3,238 971 324 330 110 971 324 TOTAL 804,367 241,310 80,437 82,045 27,348 241,310 80,437

Source: Original table for this publication. Note: BSFL = black soldier fly larvae; high = 30 percent conversion; low = 10 percent conversion.

5. Additional waste quantities, such as distribution wastes and consumption wastes, are less abundant in the supply chain, more difficult to recover, or not quantifiable. Distribution waste includes losses at wholesale markets, supermarkets, retailers, and wet markets. These wastes amount to 2 percent of the available processed maize meal (FAO 2011) and are not recovered; hence, they are not included in the maize analysis. Consumption waste includes losses and wastes at the household level and amount to only 1 percent for pulses, oil seeds, and cereals including maize meal in Sub-

Saharan Africa (FAO 2011). In this case, consumption waste for maize meal is less than 3 kg/ha. However, consumption waste was included in the maize analysis because it is quantifiable and recoverable, although its amount is not significant compared with other waste sources.

Sugarcane

Figure 4.11 shows the food supply chain and associated waste stream for sugarcane in Zimbabwe. The following analysis determines BSFL meal and frass production based on the five-year averages, from 2013 to 2017, for total annual sugarcane production (3,619,823 tons) and harvested area (43,890 ha). The numbered bullets below show the kilogram per hectare calculations for each type of sugarcane-associated waste. These are then multiplied by the total area under cultivation (hectares) and divided by 1,000 (kg/ton) to determine the total tons per hectare per waste type. Table 4.10 summarizes the total sugarcane-derived wastes recoverable and suitable as substrates for BSF breeding. Table 4.11 applies the 10 and 30 percent conversion rates to the wastes in table 4.10 to calculate the rate of converting sugarcane wastes to BSFL meal and frass.