Additional Readings

Slater, Hannah. 2013. “LGBT-Inclusive Sex Education Means Healthier Youth and Safer Schools.” Center for American Progress. https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/lgbt/news/2013/06/21/67411 /lgbt-inclusive-sex-education-means-healthier-youth-and-safer-schools. South Africa, Department of Basic Education. 2016. Challenging Homophobic Bullying in Schools. Government of the Republic of South Africa: Pretoria. https://www.education.gov.za/Portals/0/Documents/Publications /Homophobic%20Bullying%20in%20Schools.pdf?ver=2016-02-19-133822-337. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 2012. Education Sector

Responses to Homophobic Bullying. Paris: UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000216493. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 2014. “Teaching Respect for

All: Implementation Guide.” Paris: UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000227983. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 2016. Out in the Open:

Education Sector Responses to Violence Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity/Expression. Paris:

UNESCO. https://www.gale.info/doc/unesco/INT-2016-UNESCO-OutInTheOpen.pdf. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 2018a. “Are Education Systems

LGBTI-inclusive? UNESCO Teams up With Youth Organization to Find Out.” June 22, 2018. https:// en.unesco.org/news/are-education-systems-lgbti-inclusive-unesco-teams-youth-organization-find-out. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). 2018b. “What You

Need to Know About the Right to Education.” October 10, 2018. https://en.unesco.org/news /what-you-need-know-about-right-education.

Paddock, Richard C., and Makita Suharto. 2019. “A Test for Foreign Teachers in Indonesia: Are You Gay?”

New York Times, December 23, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/23/world/asia/indonesia -gay-teachers.html.

3 Access to the Labor Market

KEY FINDINGS

Canada, followed by Costa Rica, has the most advanced legal framework for protecting sexual and gender minorities in the labor market.

Countries tend to have better legal frameworks for protecting employees from sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) discrimination in employment in the public sector than in the private sector.

Only Canada and Mozambique have enacted laws that explicitly prohibit employers from discussing sexual orientation, gender identity, or marital status during the recruitment process.

Few countries offer equal benefits and pay for all employees, regardless of their SOGI. Canada and Uruguay have the most advanced reporting mechanisms for filing an employmentrelated discrimination claim on SOGI grounds in the public and private sectors.

It is advised that countries amend existing laws or create more inclusive and protective legal frameworks in the workplace to explicitly protect people from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, and sex characteristics.