A.9 Details of Education Level Data Used for Standardized Analysis, by Case Country

TABLE A.9 Details of Education Level Data Used for Standardized Analysis, by Case Country

Education level Grades (range) Years of education (range) Years of education Approx. ages (years) Bangladesh Cambodia Egypt, Arab

Rep. Pakistan Sri Lanka Turkey Vietnam

Do not know, missing values, and “other” group (converted to missing values)

No formal education completed or less than primary n.a. n.a. Omit n.a. Do not know (code 98) Do not know (code 98), Other (code 21)

None– grade 4 0–5 0 0–10 No class passed (codes 00 and 99), Class 1, 2, 3, 4 No class completed (code 0), preschool or nursery, primary classes 1–5

Completed primary (and < lower secondary completed) Completed lower secondary or middle school (and < upper secondary completed) grades 5–7

grades 8–11 6–8 5 11–13 pSC, Class 6, 7

9–11 9 14–17 JSC, Class 9, 10 (10) Completed primary (year 6), Completed years 7–8 (6)

Completed years 9–11, lower ed. certificate or diploma, Tech. or voc. presecondary diploma or certificate Missing values (none for 2009–15) n.a. Missing values (minimal) n.a. Missing values (minimal; 0.1% in 2015)

None, illiterate, read only, read and write, literacy classes or certificate, never attended school No formal education or currently not enrolled, nursery, Kg No schooling less than six years; literate but not completed any education Never attended school, not completed primary

primary (6) primary (8) passed grade 0–4 or years 1–5 primary primary

preparatory Middle, Matric (final exams 9th or 10th grade) (both 10) passed grade 5–7 or years 6–8 (8), passed 9.5 (11) Secondary lower secondary, primary vocational training

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TABLE A.9 Details of Education Level Data Used for Standardized Analysis, by Case Country (Continued)

Education level Grades (range) Years of education (range) Years of education Approx. ages (years) Bangladesh Cambodia Egypt, Arab

Rep. Pakistan Sri Lanka Turkey Vietnam

Completed upper secondary or high school (and < tertiary completed)

Completed tertiary or college and postgraduate grade 12–partial university 12–13 12 18–22 SSC, hSC, diploma Class 12 complete without certificate, higher education certificate, technical or vocational postsecondary diploma or certificate, College or university undergraduate (no degree) Academic secondary, professional or vocational secondary (12), postsecondary or equivalent (14) Intermediate gCE(O/l) or NCgE, gCE(A/l) or hNCE (13) high school, Vocational or technical high school (11)

> 12 14–17 16 22–24 Bachelors Bachelors University (16) graduation in engineering, medicine, computers, agriculture, other subjects 18–21 18 24+ Masters Masters postgraduate MA, MSc, or Mphil Degree highereducation graduate (15)

postgraduate degree

22+ 22 26+ phD phD – phD – –Upper secondary, secondary vocational, secondary professional

Vocational college, college

University and above

Source: labor force survey data. Note: gCE(A/l) = general Certificate of Education Advanced level; gCE(O/l) = general Certificate of Education Ordinary level; hNCE = higher National Certificate of Education; hSC = higher secondary certificate; JSC = junior school certificate; Kg = kindergarten; NCgE = National Certificate in general Education Examination; pSC = primary school certificate; SSC = secondary school certificate; — = data not available for that category.