Становление рынка учебной литературы в Российской Федерации

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ISBN 5-94010-362-6

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J:A>?E KL:GH<E?GB? JUGD: MQ?;GHC EBL?J:LMJU

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J:A>?E KL:GH<E?GB? JUGD: MQ?;GHC EBL?J:LMJU

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47

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J:A>?E KL:GH<E?GB? JUGD: MQ?;GHC EBL?J:LMJU

49

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59

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60

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J:A>?E KL:GH<E?GB? JUGD: MQ?;GHC EBL?J:LMJU

63

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64

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FZl_fZlbdZ deZkk kbk l_fZ E < AZgdh\Z Ebl_jZlmjgh_ ql_gb_ deZkk kbkl_fZ E < AZg dh\Z

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk kbk l_fZ E < AZgdh\Z

Ebl_jZlmjgh_ ql_gb_ deZkk Ebl_jZlmjgh_ ql_gb_ deZkk FZl_fZlbdZ deZkk

:j]bgkdZy B B ;_g_gkhg ? I B\Z gh\kdZy ? B BlbgZ E K QmjZdh\Z G : QmjZdh\Z G : K\bjb^h\Z < X ?njhkbgbgZ E : Hfhjhdh\Z F B ?njhkbgbgZ E : Hfhjhdh\Z F B Jm^gbpdZy < G X^Zq_\Z L <

4 Ijhk\_s_ gb_ Ijhk\_s_ gb_ >hf i_^Z]h ]bdb

DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª <_glZgZ=jZn <_glZgZ=jZn <_glZgZ=jZn

:G:EBLBQ?KDBC >HDE:>

154

Ijh^he`_gb_ 1 54

2 FZl_fZlbdZ deZkk

55

Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk <bgh]jZ^h\Z GN DZebgh\Z = K

56

Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk <bgh]jZ^h\Z G N DZebgh\Z = K

57

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk

58

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk

59

H[sZy [bheh]by deZkk

IhghfZj_\Z B G Dhjgbeh\Z H : DhgklZglbgh\ < F EhsbebgZ L ?

<_glZgZ =jZn

60 61 62 63

=_h]jZnby – deZkku

>jhgh\ < I Eh[`Zgb^a_ : : Jhf < Y ;Zjbgh\Z B B =ma_c E K Kmjh\p_\Z J I =hjh^beh\Z = = OZfjZ_\Z ? :

>jhnZ

AZ^Zqgbd ih obfbb Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk lxjdkdZy yaudh\Zy ]jmiiZ

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk Z[ oZah-Z^u]kdZy yaudh\Zy ]jmiiZ

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk nbggh-m]hjkdZy yaudh\Zy ]jmiiZ

64

65

66

NjZgpmakdbc yaud deZkk

67

?kl_kl\hagZgb_ deZkk

68 69

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk fhg ]hevkdZy yaudh\Zy ]jmiiZ

AZ^Zqgbd ih obfbb

70 71

=jmah\u_ Z\lhfh[beb 1 MFD

72 >baZcg ijbq_khd MFD

73 74– Hkgh\u ^_ehijhba\h^kl\Z 76 MFD

1

3 Jm^gbpdZy < G X^Zq_\Z L <

B\Zgh\ K < Dmag_ph\Z F B I_l e_gdh E < JhfZgh\Z < X ?\^hdb fh\Z : H B\Zgh\ K < Dmag_ph\Z F B I_l e_gdh E < JhfZgh\Z < X ?\^hdb fh\Z : H

4 <_glZgZ=jZn <_glZgZ=jZn <_glZgZ=jZn <_glZgZ=jZn <_glZgZ=jZn

>jhnZ Fg_fhabgZ

=hjh^beh\Z = = Ljhkl_gph\Z E : RoZip_\Z F O :frhdh\ O O

Fg_fhabgZ

Db[bj_\Z E < De_cgn_ev^ H : K_f_gxq_gdh G < Hj_e F < Mfyjh\Z K : FbrZdbgZ G I F_eboh\Z = B

Ki_pbZev gZy ebl_jZ lmjZ

RZpdbo < G >_gbkdbgZ E X Dma g_ph\Z H < ;Z[bgZ E < Dmag_ph\Z B G JZcdh\Z L < Dmq_j L < EhsbebgZ L ? , GbdheZ_\ B < OZfjZ_\Z ? : KZl : ;

Ki_pbZev gZy ebl_jZ lmjZ Gh\uc mq_[gbd :KL-Ij_kk

KZ\bgdbgZ ? < Eh]bgh\Z = I lmj Jh^bq_\ < :

:KL-Ij_kk

Dme_rdh\Z H G ;mldh L G QblZ_\Z H ; <yeh\Z E F Dbk_e_\ K < Dbk_e_\ B E Ebl\bgh\ < =

:dZ^_fby :dZ^_fby :dZ^_fby

MFD – mq_[gh-f_lh^bq_kdbc dhfie_dl dZd ijZ\beh \dexqZxsbc \ k_[y mq_[gbd b ihkh[b_ ^ey mqbl_ey

IJBEH@?GB?

155 Ijh^he`_gb_

1 77 78

2 BgnhjfZlbdZ deZkk MFD

3 ;_r_gdh\ K : JZdblbgZ ? :

79– WdhghfbdZ MFD

81 82– :g]ebckdbc yaud deZkk 84 MFD

Ebgvdh\ : Y B\Zgh\ K B LZ[ZqgbdZk ; B R_j_f_lh\Z < < Kdeyj F : =jhaZ H E >\hj_pdZy H ; DZauj [Z_\Z G X FbqmjbgZ F E Gh\bdh \Z G < Ju`dh\Z L G Ijb\ZebobgZ ? X Debf_gdh < < 85 Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk MFD IZkkh\ ? B Db[bj_\Z E < K_f_ 86 gZpbhgZevgZy rdheZ

gxq_gdh G < De_cgn_ev^ H : 87 Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk MFD KZyoh\Z E = =Zeeyfh\Z G R 88 gZpbhgZevgZy rdheZ

89 FZl_fZlbdZ ijZdlbdmf <_jg_j : E DZji : I deZkk ?\klZnv_\Z E I 90 ;bheh]by deZkk MFD

Im]h\dbg : I Im]h\dbgZ G : Fb 91 o__\ < K 92– DmebgZjby MFD

?jfZdh\Z < B 94 95 JmkkdZy ebl_jZlmjZ =jhfh\ K : XIX \_d 96 Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk kbk G_qZ_\Z G < l_fZ E < AZgdh\Z

97– Ebl_jZlmjZ deZkk MFD Q_jd_ah\Z F < @h`bdZr\beb K < 99 gZpbhgZevgZy rdheZ E_hgh\ K : 100 Obfby deZkk MFD

KZ\bgdbgZ ? < Eh]bgh\Z = I 101 lmj 102 Ebl_jZlmjgh_ ql_gb_ Dm^bgZ = G Gh\eygkdZy A G 103 deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

104– 105

106 107

108– 110 111– 113

Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

Ebl_jZlmjgh_ ql_gb_ deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

FZl_fZlbdZ deZkk kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

4 EZ[hjZlh jby [Zah \uo agZgbc <blZ-Ij_kk Lblme

Ijhk\_s_ gb_ Ijhk\_s_ gb_ Ijhk\_s_ gb_ Ijhk\_s_ gb_ Ijhk\_s_ gb_ Fhkdh\kdbc ebp_c DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª >jhnZ :KL-Ij_kk RdheZ Hgbdk \_d

;md\Zj_\Z ? G Qm^bgh\Z ? <

<blZ-Ij_kk

FZl\__\Z ? B

<blZ-Ij_kk

:e_dkZg^jh\Z W B

<blZ-Ij_kk

EhfZdh\bq K < Lbfq_gdh E B

<blZ-Ij_kk

:G:EBLBQ?KDBC >HDE:>

156

Ijh^he`_gb_ 1 114

115 116 117– 119 120

121– 123

124– 126

127– 129

130– 132

133 134 135 136 137 138– 140 141– 143 144– 146

2

3 Abgq_gdh < I =hj[h\ K N =hj[h\Z G >

Ikboheh]hi_^Z]h]bq_kdb_ hkgh\u ihkljh_gby kbkl_fu > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Zª ihkh [b_ ^ey mqbl_ey

Ebl_jZlmjgh_ ql_gb_ QmjZdh\Z G : deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ E < AZgdh\Z

FZl_fZlbdZ deZkk :j]bgkdZy B B ;_g_gkhg ? I Blb gZ E K B\Zgh\kdZy ? B MFD kbkl_fZ E < AZgdh\Z

Ikboheh]hi_^Z]h]bq_kdb_ hkgh\u ihkljh_gby kbkl_fu E < AZgdh\Z ihkh[b_ ^ey mqbl_ey

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk MFD ^ey mqZsboky nbggh-m]hjkdhc yaudh \hc ]jmiiu

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk MFD ^ey mqZsboky lxjdkdhc yaudh\hc ]jmiiu

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk MFD ^ey mqZsboky fhg ]hevkdhc yaudh\hc ]jmi iu

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk MFD ^ey mqZsboky Z[ oZah-Z^u]kdhc yaudh\hc ]jmiiu

JmkkdZy ebl_jZlmjZ deZkk MFD

G_f_pdbc yaud deZkk MFD

:e]_[jZ b gZqZeZ ZgZ ebaZ deZkk L_ogheh]by deZkk MFD

H[sZy [bheh]by deZkk NbabdZ deZkk MFD ^ey rdhe b deZkkh\ _k l_kl\_gghgZmqgh]h ijh nbey

4 =Zj^Zjbdb

DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª

QmjZdh\Z J =

DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\

Db[bj_\Z E < De_cgn_ev^ H : K_f_gxq_gdh G < Hj_e F < Fb rZdbgZ G I F_eboh\Z = B

>jhnZ KI[

=hjh^beh\Z = = OZfjZ_\Z ? : :a gZ[Z_\Z N N

>jhnZ KI[

KZl : ; OZfjZ_\Z ? :

:KL-Ij_kk RdheZ

:frhdh\ O O :frhdh\Z K D RoZ iZp_\Z F O =hjh^beh\Z = =

>jhnZ KI[

;Zkkh\kdZy ? G

:KL-Ij_kk RdheZ >jhnZ

PZjvdh\Z < ; >h`^bdh\Z ? < Ih \Zey_\Z H E <Z]Zgh\Z B : >hjhn__\ = < Dmag_ph\Z E < K_ ^h\Z ? : KZkh\Z B : Ibll >`_cfk F : =m j_\bq F B IZ\eh\Z F ; IhghfZj_\Z B G Dhjgbeh\Z H : DhgklZglbgh\ < F EhsbebgZ L ? OZggZgh\ G D Qb`h\ = : OZggZgh \Z L :

>jhnZ <_glZgZ=jZn <_glZgZ=jZn >jhnZ

IJBEH@?GB?

157 Ijh^he`_gb_

1 147

148 149 150 151 152– 154 155– 157

158 159 160– 162 163 164 165– 167

2 BgnhjfZlbdZ deZkk mq_[gbd _kl_kl\_gghgZmqguc ijhnbev

BgnhjfZlbdZ deZkk MFD ]mfZgblZjguc ijhnbev

BgnhjfZlbdZ deZkk MFD ]mfZgblZjguc ijhnbev

NjZgpmakdbc yaud deZkk MFD ]mfZgblZj guc ijhnbev

:g]ebckdbc yaud deZkk MFD ]mfZgblZj guc ijhnbev

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk MFD gZpbhgZevgZy rdheZ

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk MFD gZpbhgZevgZy rdheZ

Obfby deZkk MFD

3 lmj =_cg : = Eb\qZd : ; =_cg G : ;_r_gdh\ K : DmavfbgZ G < JZdb lbgZ ? : :]__\ < G RZnjbg X :

RZpdbo < G IZkkh\ ? B >_gbkdbgZ E X ;Z[bgZ E < Dmag_ph\Z H < Dmag_ph\Z B < =jhaZ H E >\hj_pdZy H ; DZauj [Z_\Z G X FbqmjbgZ F E Gh\bdh \Z G < RZebfh\Z ? X Debf_gdh < < Ju`dh\Z L G G_n_^h\Z J F :jamfZgh\Z J : Dm^jy\p_\Z L K

4 EZ[hjZlh jby [Zah \uo agZgbc EZ[hjZlh jby [Zah \uo agZgbc EZ[hjZlh jby [Zah \uo agZgbc EZ[hjZlh jby [Zah \uo agZgbc Lblme

>jhnZ

;ukljh\Z ? : :e_dkZg^jh\Z H F Pu[mevdh B I

>jhnZ

KZ\bgdbgZ ? < Eh]bgh\Z = I

:KL-Ij_kk RdheZ Ijhk\_s_ gb_ KI[

Db[bj_\Z E < De_cgn_ev^ H : K_ f_gxq_gdh G < Hj_e F < FbrZ dbgZ G I F_eboh\Z = B IZkkh\ ? B lmj Kha^Zgb_ mq_[ghc ebl_jZlmju ^ey ki_pbZevguo dhjj_dpbhgguo rdhe

168

169

170

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk MFD gZpbhgZevgZy rdheZ

Mq_[gbdb b mq_[gu_ ihkh[by ^ey mqj_`^_gbc ,-,, \b^h\ ^ey ]emobo b keZ[hkeurZsbo ^_l_c

HagZdhfe_gb_ k hdjm Audh\Z L K Audh\Z F : `Zxsbf fbjhf deZkk mq_[gbd

HagZdhfe_gb_ k hdjm J_qbpdZy ? = Nbehg_gdh`Zxsbf fbjhf deZkk :e_dk__\Z : E mq_[gbd

KhpbZevgh-[ulh\Zy hjb Ohl__\Z W G Audh\Z L K _glbjh\dZ ihkh[b_ ^ey mqbl_ey

Ijhk\_s_ gb_ <eZ^hk

<eZ^hk

Mq_[gbdb b mq_[gu_ ihkh[by ^ey mqj_`^_gbc ,9 \b^Z ^ey keZ[h\b^ysbo ^_l_c

171 JZa\blb_ fbfbdb b iZg N_hdlbklh\Z < : Jm^Zdh\Z E : Khxa =_gdbgZ K = lhfbfbdb ihkh[b_ ^ey mqbl_ey

:G:EBLBQ?KDBC >HDE:>

158

Ijh^he`_gb_ 1

172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181

2

3

Mq_[gbdb b mq_[gu_ ihkh[by ^ey mqj_`^_gbc 9 \b^Z ^ey ^_l_c k ly`_eufb gZjmr_gbyfb j_qb

Ijhbaghr_gb_ deZkk QbjdbgZ = < JhkkbckdZy ? G MFD

Ijhbaghr_gb_ deZkk QbjdbgZ = < JhkkbckdZy ? G MFD

Hkgh\u [_ahiZkghklb EZlqmd < G QbjdbgZ = < NZevdh K G. `bag_^_yl_evghklb –6 deZkku MFD

Hkgh\u [_ahiZkghklb EZlqmd < G QbjdbgZ = < NZevdh K G `bag_^_yl_evghklb –8 deZkku MFD

Hkgh\u [_ahiZkghklb EZlqmd < G QbjdbgZ = < NZevdh K G `bag_^_yl_evghklb 9– deZkku MFD

4

:jdlb :jdlb :jdlb :jdlb

:jdlb

182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189

Mq_[gbdb b mq_[gu_ ihkh[by ^ey mqj_`^_gbc 9,,, \b^Z ^ey mfkl\_ggh hlklZeuo ^_l_c

JZa\blb_ j_qb deZkk Om^_gdh ? > Dj_fg_\Z K G MFD

Om^_gdh ? > ;Zjurgbdh\Z > B JZa\blb_ j_qb deZkk Om^_gdh ? > N_^hjh\Z = : MFD

Om^_gdh ? > ;Zjurgbdh\Z > B Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk <hjhgdh\Z < < MFD

Dgb]Z ^ey ql_gby deZkk <hjhgdh\Z < < Imrdh\Z B ? Dgb]Z ^ey ql_gby deZkk BevbgZ K X

190

Dgb]Z ^ey ql_gby deZkk BevbgZ K X FZl\__\Z E <

191

Dgb]Z ^ey ql_gby deZkk <hjhgdh\Z < < Imrdh\Z B ? ;m ^Z_\Z A > DZaZdh\Z K : Emkk L < Kljh]Zgh\Z < <

192 193

HagZdhfe_gb_ k hdjm Om^_gdh ? > L_j_oh\Z B : `Zxsbf fbjhf deZkk Om^_gdh ? > ;Zjurgbdh\Z > B MFD

Dgb]Z ^ey ql_gby deZkk <hjhgdh\Z < < Imrdh\Z B ? ;m ^Z_\Z A > DZaZdh\Z K : Emkk L < Kljh]Zgh\Z < < HagZdhfe_gb_ k hdjm Om^_gdh ? > L_j_oh\Z B : `Zxsbf fbjhf deZkk Om^_gdh ? > ;Zjurgbdh\Z > B MFD

:jdlb

197

Nbabq_kdZy ]_h]jZnby deZkk mq_[gbd

Oe_[hkheh\Z H :

<eZ^hk

198

=_h]jZnby deZkk mq_[gbd ZleZk

Bklhjby Hl_q_kl\Z deZkk MFD

KhehfbgZ ? G EbnZgh\Z L F

Ijhk\_s_ gb_ <eZ^hk

194

195 196

199, 200

ImaZgh\ ; I ;hjh^bgZ H B K_dh \_p E K J_^vdbgZ G F

:jdlb :jdlb <eZ^hk <eZ^hk Ijhk\_s_ gb_ &I[ Ijhk\_s_ gb_ &I[ <eZ^hk

<eZ^hk :jdlb

IJBEH@?GB?

159 Ijh^he`_gb_

1 201 202 203 204 205 206

207 208 209

2 Bklhjby Hl_q_kl\Z deZkk MFD

Bklhjby Hl_q_kl\Z deZkk MFD

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk mq_[gbd

Oj_klhfZlby ih ql_gbx deZkk

3 ImaZgh\ ; I ;hjh^bgZ H B K_dh \_p E K J_^vdbgZ G F ImaZgh\ ; I ;hjh^bgZ H B K_dh \_p E K J_^vdbgZ G F =Zemgqbdh\Z G = Ydm[h\kdZy W <

4 <eZ^hk <eZ^hk Ijhk\_s_ gb_ <eZ^hk

=_h]jZnby deZkk mq_[gbd ZleZk

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk mq_[gbd

Imrdh\Z B ? <hjhgdh\Z < < ;m ^Z_\Z A > DZaZdh\Z K : Emkk L < Kljh]Zgh\Z < < KhehfbgZ ? G EbnZgh\Z L F Ijhk\_s_ gb_ =Zemgqbdh\Z G = Ydm[h\kdZy W < Ijhk\_s_ gb_

FZl_fZlbdZ deZkk mq_[gbd

:gljhih\ : I Oh^hl : X Oh^hl L =

Ijhk\_s_ gb_

Hkgh\u aZdhgh^Zl_ev WebZk[_j] G B Fbo__\Z F F Khxa kl\Z Jhkkbckdhc N_^_ jZpbb – deZkku ih kh[b_ ^ey mqZsboky

211 KhpbZevgh-[ulh\Zy >_\yldh\Z L : Dhq_ldh\Z E E IeZ <eZ^hk hjb_glbjh\dZ f_lh^b lhgh\Z G F S_j[Zdh\Z : F I_l q_kdh_ ihkh[b_ ^ey mqb jbdh\Z : = l_ey

212 H[mq_gb_ ]jZfhl_ ih ;Zjy_\Z E ; EhiZlbgZ E < Eh]b Khxa 213 kh[b_ ^ey ^_l_c k ly`_ gh\Z ? L ehc mfkl\_gghc hlklZ ehklvx MFD

214 JZa\blb_ j_qb m ^_l_c k RbibpbgZ E F Khxa ly`_ehc mfkl\_gghc hl klZehklvx rdhevgh]h \hajZklZ ihkh[b_ ^ey mqbl_ey

Z lmj ^hihegbl_evguc

Kha^Zgb_ mq_[ghc ebl_jZlmju ^ey ki_pbZevguo dhjj_dpbhgguo rdhe

210

215 216

217

Mq_[gbdb b mq_[gu_ ihkh[by ^ey mqj_`^_gbc ,-,, \b^Z ^ey ]emobo b keZ[hkeurZsbo ^_l_c

Dgb]Z ^ey ql_gby deZkk =jZr G ? ;udh\Z E F mq_[gbd

GbdblbgZ ? K ŠJZa\blb_ kemoh\h]h Dhjhe_\kdZy L D InZn_gjh^l : G \hkijbylby keZ[hkeu rZsbo ^_l_cª ihkh[b_ ^ey mqbl_ey

JZa\blb_ ^_l_c k gZjm J_qbpdZy ? = Lm^`Zgh\Z D B ;h r_gbyfb kemoZ \ ijhp_k ]^Zgh\Z L = b ^j k_ \g_mjhqghc ^_yl_ev ghklb ihkh[b_ ^ey mqbl_ey

<eZ^hk <eZ^hk

<eZ^hk

:G:EBLBQ?KDBC >HDE:>

160

Ijh^he`_gb_ 1

218 219

220 221 222 223 224 225

226

227 228 229 230

231– 233

234 235

236 237

2

3

Mq_[gbdb b mq_[gu_ ihkh[by ^ey mqj_`^_gbc 9 \b^Z ^ey ^_l_c k ly`_eufb gZjmr_gbyfb j_qb

JZa\blb_ j_qb deZkk QbjdbgZ = < JhkkbckdZy ? G MFD

BkijZ\e_gb_ g_^hklZl Nbebq_\Z L ; dh\ a\mdhijhbaghr_gby m ^_l_c ihkh[b_Zev[hf ^ey eh]hi_^Z^_n_dlheh]Z

4

:jdlb :jdlb

Mq_[gbdb b mq_[gu_ ihkh[by ^ey mqj_`^_gbc 9, \b^Z ^ey ^_l_c k gZjmr_gbyfb hihjgh-^\b]Zl_evgh]h ZiiZjZlZ

Hkgh\u [_ahiZkghklb E_\q_gdh B X QbjdbgZ = < :jdlb EZlqmd < G NZevdh K G `bag_h[_ki_q_gby 5– deZkku MFD

Hkgh\u [_ahiZkghklb E_\q_gdh B X QbjdbgZ = < :jdlb EZlqmd < G NZevdh K G `bag_h[_ki_q_gby 7–8 deZkku MFD

Hkgh\u [_ahiZkghklb `bag_h[_ki_q_gby 9– deZkku MFD

E_\q_gdh B X QbjdbgZ = < EZlqmd < G NZevdh K G

Mq_[gbdb b mq_[gu_ ihkh[by ^ey mqj_`^_gbc 9,, \b^Z ^ey ^_l_c k aZ^_j`dhc ikbobq_kdh]h jZa\blby

FZl_fZlbdZ deZkk ih ;_ehrbklZy : < kh[b_ ^ey mqbl_ey

Mq_[gbdb b mq_[gu_ ihkh[by ^ey mqj_`^_gbc 9,,, \b^Z ^ey mfkl\_ggh hlklZeuo ^_l_c

Dgb]Z ^ey ql_gby deZkk =mk_\Z = F Hkljh\kdZy L B FZl_fZlbdZ deZkk :eur_\Z L < mq_[gbd

Oj_klhfZlby ih ql_gbx Rbrdh\Z F B :dk_gh\Z : D deZkk =_h]jZnby deZkk EbnZgh\Z L F KhehfbgZ ? G mq_[gbd b ZleZk

lmj Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk EhfZdh\bq K < Lbfq_gdh E B MFD – kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

Ebl_jZlmjgh_ ql_gb_ BZl\__\Z ? B deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

Ebl_jZlmjgh_ ql_gb_ DmabgZ = G Gh\eygkdZy W B deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

:jdlb

<eZ^hk

<eZ^hk Ijhk\_s_ gb_ Ijhk\_s_ gb_ Ijhk\_s_ gb_ <blZ-Ij_kk

<blZ-Ij_kk

Hgbdk \_d

IJBEH@?GB?

161 Ijh^he`_gb_

1 238– 240

241– 242

243– 245 246– 248 249 250– 252 253– 255 256– 258 259261

262– 264

265– 267

268– 270

271

272

2 FZl_fZlbdZ deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ E < AZgdh\Z Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ E < AZgdh\Z

Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk (MFD ^ey lxjdkdhc yau dh\hc ]jmiiu

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk MFD ^ey fhg]hevkdhc yaudh\hc ]jmiiu

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk MFD ^ey fhg]hevkdhc yaudh\hc ]jmiiu

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk MFD ^ey Z[oZahZ^u]kdhc yaudh\hc ]jmiiu

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk MFD ^ey Z[oZahZ^u]kdhc yaudh\hc ]jmiiu

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk MFD ^ey mqZsboky nbggh-m]hjkdhc yaudh \hc ]jmiiu

L_ogheh]by deZkk MFD

3 :e_dkZg^jh\Z W B

4 <blZ-Ij_kk

;md\Zj_\Z ? G Qm^bgh\Z ? <

<blZ-Ij_kk

>fbljb_\Z G Y DZaZdh\ : G

DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª

>fbljb_\Z G Y DZaZdh\ : G

DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª

Ih]eZah\Z H L Rbebg < >

:kkhpbZpby XXI \_d >jhnZ KI[

=hjh^beh\Z = = OZfjZ_\Z ? : :a gZ[Z_\Z N N OZfjZ_\Z ? : KZl : ;

:KL-Ij_kk RdheZ

OZfjZ_\Z ? : KZl : ;

:KL-Ij_kk RdheZ

=hjh^beh\Z = = :frhdh\ O O :f rhdh\Z K D

>jhnZ KI[

=hjh^beh\Z = = :frhdh\ O O :f rhdh\Z K D

>jhnZ KI[

Db[bj_\Z E < De_cgn_ev^ H : K_f_gxq_gdh G < Hj_e F < Fb rZdbgZ G I F_eboh\Z = B

>jhnZ KI[

KZkh\Z B : Ibll >`_cfk F : =m j_\bq F B IZ\eh\Z F ; 8-c lmj Mq_[gZy ebl_jZlmjZ ih hl_q_kl\_gghc bklhjbb OO \_dZ Hl_q_kl\_ggZy bklhjby ;ZjZ[Zgh\ < < GbdheZ_\ : ; OO \_dZ Rdhevguc keh GbdheZ_\ B F Jh`dh\ : ; \Zjv ihgylbc b l_jfbgh\ K -I_l_j[mj]

Hl_q_kl\_ggZy bklhjby Djb\hr__\ < N Kmdhe_gh\ B < Km OO \_dZ Rdhevguc keh dhe_gh\Z = L <ya_fkdbc ? ? \Zjv ihgylbc b l_jfbgh\

<_glZgZ=jZn

:klj_ev JK – Jmk kdh_ keh\h

:G:EBLBQ?KDBC >HDE:>

162

Ijh^he`_gb_ 1 273

2 Dexq_\u_ ijh[e_fu hl_q_kl\_gghc bklhjbb OO \_dZ ihkh[b_ ^ey mqbl_ey

3 Qm[Zjvyg : H >Zgbeh\ : : Ib\h \Zj ? B Iu`bdh\ : < Rm[bg : < Nhfbg-Gbeh\ > <

4 Ijhk\_s_ gb_

lmj Kha^Zgb_ mq_[ghc ebl_jZlmju gh\h]h ihdhe_gby gZ we_dljhgguo ghkbl_eyo ^ey h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evguo rdhe kf ijbeh`_gb_

Z lmj Rdhevgu_ h[jZah\Zl_evgu_ ijh_dlu gZ we_dljhgguo ghkbl_eyo kf ijbeh`_gb_

lmj 274– 276

277– 279

280– 281

282– 283

284– 285

286– 287

288– 290 291– 293 294– 296 297– 299

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

Ebl_jZlmjZ deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

FZl_fZlbdZ deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

FZl_fZlbdZ deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

Bah[jZabl_evgh_ bkdmk kl\h deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

Ebl_jZlmjZ deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ E < AZgdh\Z

FZl_fZlbdZ deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ E < AZgdh\Z

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ E < AZgdh\Z

Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ E < AZgdh\Z

J_idbg < < <hklhj]h\Z ? < FZj db^hgh\Z B = G_djZkh\Z L <

<blZ-Ij_kk

Dm^bgZ = G Gh\eygkdZy A G

Hgbdk \_d

:e_dkZg^jh\Z W B

<blZ-Ij_kk

=hj[h\ K N AZkeZ\kdbc < F LZ [Zqgbdh\Z G E

<blZ-Ij_kk

<hjhgph\ : ; <ukhpdZy ? < Ev\h\kdbc < : Qm^bgh\Z ? <

<blZ-Ij_kk

Ihemygh\ X : FZlbk L :

<blZ-Ij_kk

QmjZdh\Z G :

DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª

<Zgpyg : =

DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª

G_qZ_\Z G < ;_ehjmk_p D K I_l jh\Z ? G

DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª

;Zoqb_\Z H : Dexqgbdh\Z G F IylmgbgZ K D RbebgZ B ;

DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª

IJBEH@?GB?

163 Ijh^he`_gb_

1 300– 302

303– 305

306 307

308 309

310 311

312– 314 315– 317 318– 320 321– 323

324– 326 327 328

329– 331 332 333 334– 336

2 Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

Ebl_jZlmjZ deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

FZl_fZlbdZ deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

3 J_idbg < < <hklhj]h\Z ? < FZj db^hgh\Z B = G_djZkh\Z L <

4 <blZ-Ij_kk

Dm^bgZ = G Gh\eygkdZy A G

Hgbdk \_d

=hj[h\ K N AZkeZ\kdbc < F LZ [Zqgbdh\Z G E

<blZ-Ij_kk

Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

Bah[jZabl_evgh_ bkdmkkl\h deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z

Ebl_jZlmjZ deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ E < AZgdh\Z

FZl_fZlbdZ deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ E < AZgdh\Z

<hjhgph\ : ; <ukhpdZy ? < Ev\h\kdbc < : Qm^bgh\Z ? <

<blZ-Ij_kk

Ihemygh\ X : FZlbk L :

<blZ-Ij_kk

QmjZdh\Z G :

DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª

<Zgpyg : =

DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª

G_qZ_\Z G < ;_ehjmk_p D K I_l jh\Z ? G

DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª

;Zoqb_\Z H : Dexqgbdh\Z G F IylmgbgZ K D RbebgZ B ;.

DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª

Jmkkdbc yaud deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ E < AZgdh\Z

Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk MFD kbkl_fZ E < AZgdh\Z

lmj We_dlb\gu_ dmjku ^ey klZjr_c ijhnbevghc rdheu Bklhjby l_ogbdb Ohl__gdh\ < N B\Zgh\Z E N KhpbZevghwdhghfbq_kdb_ ijh[e_ fu bkke_^h\Zgb_ j_ r_gb_ ^_ckl\b_ Ikboheh]by q_eh\_dZ b q_eh\_q_kdh]h h[s_kl\Z Wnn_dlb\gh_ ih\_^_gb_ \ dhgnebdl_ =_h]jZnby q_eh\_q_kdbo i_jki_dlb\

<_glZgZ=jZn Oh^hk ? : >he]h^\hjh\Z ? X Ijb ;BGHF ]h^bq ? = EZ[hjZlh jby agZgbc

DmoZj_gdh B : K_j]hfZgh\ I : Eh]bgh\Z G N OZkZg ; B K_j]hfZgh\ I : Ijb\Z ebobgZ L B Ijhkdmjh\kdZy B > Ihih\ : :

KFBHIj_kk KFBHIj_kk <_glZgZ=jZn

:G:EBLBQ?KDBC >HDE:>

164

Ijh^he`_gb_ 1 337 338 339 340 341 342

2 Hkgh\u `mjgZebklkdh]h fZkl_jkl\Z Kh\j_f_gguc hl_q_kl \_gguc ebl_jZlmjguc ijhp_kk KjZ\gbl_evgh_ bamq_gb_ jmkkdhc b Zg]ehyauqghc ebl_jZlmju ;; \_dZ

351– 353

Nhjfu om^h`_kl\_ggh]h fure_gby \ jmkkdhc eb l_jZlmj_ ;; \_dZ NjZgpmakdZy ij_kkZ b __ hkh[_gghklb :g]ebckdbc yaud gZmdb (Science English) IZd_l ki_pdmjkh\ ih Zg]ebckdhfm yaudm ^ey fgh]hijhnbevghc klZjr_c rdheu Jmkkdbc yaud \ ^bZeh]_ dmevlmj

354– 356

343– 345 346 347 348 349 350

3 E_ibedbgZ H B Mfgh\Z ? X Abfbg : ? =hjxgh\Z B : DmqbgZ L =

4 <_glZgZ=jZn >jhnZ

E_^_g_\ : < E_^_g_\Z L <

>jhnZ

G_evdbg : = NmjZe_\Z E >

KFBHIj_kk

KZogh K E I_j_i_edbgZ F <

KFBHIj_kk <_glZgZ=jZn <_glZgZ=jZn

=jhaZ H E Ju`dh\Z L G KdmjZlh \bq ? ? =mk_cgh\Z < ? FmoZ G < Dhkl_gdh F F AZoZjh\Z G ? Euk_gdh L < @b]m ebgZ : = <hjh[v_\ < < KZyoh\Z E = FmeeZ ]Zeb_\Z E D

EZ^hfbj

Mkeh\by mki_rghc dhf fmgbdZpbb

=Zeeyfh\Z G R KZyoh\Z E =

357 358

Mqbfky ijh_dlbjh\Zlv gZ dhfivxl_j_

FhgZoh\ E X Kheh^h\ K E FhgZ oh\Z = ?

359– 361

FmaudZevguc dhfivx l_j gh\uc bgkljmf_gl fmaudZglZ

Dhfivxl_jgh_ fh^_eb jh\Zgb_ kn_ju b ]jZ gbpu ijbf_g_gby Dhfivxl_jgZy ]jZnbdZ

=hj[mgh\Z B ; ;_eh\ = = =hj_ev q_gdh : <

;bghf EZ [hjZlhjby agZgbc ;bghf EZ [hjZlhjby agZgbc KFBHIj_kk

366

AZf_qZl_evgu_ g_jZ \_gkl\Z kihkh[u ihem q_gby b ijbf_ju ijb f_g_gby

=hfhgh\ K :

367 368

Bklhjbq_kdZy j_dhgkl jmdpby Ze]_[ju b fZl_ fZlbq_kdh]h ZgZebaZ :e]_[jZ iexk We_f_g lZjgZy Ze]_[jZ k lhqdb aj_gby \ukr_c fZl_fZ lbdb

A_feydh\ : G

362– 363 364 365

369 370

Dhiuevph\ : <

KFBHIj_kk

AZeh]h\Z E :

;bghf EZ [hjZlhjby agZgbc >jhnZ

A_feydh\ : G

;bghf EZ [hjZlhjby agZgbc ;bghf EZ [hjZlhjby agZgbc

IJBEH@?GB?

165 Ijh^he`_gb_

1 371– 373

2 3 FZl_fZlbq_kdb_ hkgh\u ;hkh\Z E E :g^j__\Z ? < bgnhjfZlbdb NZebgZ B G

374 375 376– 378

FZl_fZlbq_kdbc yaud

=_hf_ljbq_kdh_ fh^_ Hjeh\ < < Ih^oh^h\Z G K ebjh\Zgb_ hdjm`Zxs_]h ?jfZd ? : B\Zgh\ B : fbjZ

>jhnZ

379 380

FZl_fZlbdZ \ Zjobl_d lmj_

Kl_nZgh\Z G E

>jhnZ

381 382

Baf_j_gb_ nbabq_kdbo \_ebqbg

DZ[Zj^bgZ K B R_n_j G B

383 384

We_f_glZjgZy nbabdZ ieZafu

Hjeh\ < : >hjh`dbg K <

385

Nmg^Zf_glZevgu_ wdk i_jbf_glu \ nbabq_ kdhc gZmd_ Obfby b bkdmkkl\h

Imjur_\Z G K RZjhgh\Z G < BkZ_\ > :

;bghf EZ [hjZlhjby agZgbc ;bghf EZ [hjZlhjby agZgbc ;bghf EZ [hjZlhjby agZgbc <_glZgZ=jZn <_glZgZ=jZn

386– 388 389– 391

392 393

394– 397 398– 400 401– 403 404– 406 407– 408 409– 411

Kl_nZgh\Z G E Rm[bgZ G E

Lblh\Z B F

Hkgh\u f_lh^heh]bb b N_^hjhk ? B G_qZ_\Z = : f_lh^bdb [bhwdheh]b q_kdbo bkke_^h\Zgbc Wdheh]by \ wdki_jb f_glZo

NbabdZ gZ[ex^_gb_ Khjhdbg : < Lhj]ZrbgZ G = wdki_jbf_gl fh^_ebjh Oh^hk ? : Qb]Zgh\ : K \Zgb_ Z lmj We_dlb\gu_ dmjku ^ey klZjr_c ijhnbevghc rdheu Mklhcqb\h_ jZa\blb_ =Zc\hjhg L > ?jfZdh\ > K DZeb gbg < ; EZirbgZ K X Q_eh\_d-H[s_kl\h-Fbj Eh]mgh\ : I <hehrbgZ H B RZlb eh\ : ; X^_evkhg : < \ gZqZe_ lj_lv_]h luky q_e_lby <\_^_gb_ \ nbehkhnbx ;hjbkh\ K < L_hjby agZgbc b djblb ;ml_gdh : < Oh^hk ? : q_kdh_ fure_gb_ IZd_l we_dlb\guo dmjkh\ FmoZ G < Dhkl_gdh F F ih Zg]ebckdhfm yaudm AZoZjh\Z G ? Euk_gdh L < @b]m ebgZ : = <\_^_gb_ \ ijZdlbdm ^_ Eykdh\kdZy ? < K_f_gh\Z B G eh\h]h h[s_gby gZ g_ f_pdhf yaud_

4 ;bghf EZ [hjZlhjby agZgbc >jhnZ

;bghf EZ [hjZlhjby agZgbc

>jhnZ >jhnZ DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª

<_glZgZ=jZn Ijhk\_s_ gb_

:G:EBLBQ?KDBC >HDE:>

166

Ijh^he`_gb_ 1 412– 413

2 Wnn_dlb\guc dmjk ^_eh \h]h ibkvfZ gZ Zg]ebc kdhf yaud_ ^ey klZjr_ deZkkgbdh\ >_eh\hc jmkkdbc yaud

>h]Z_\Z L H

4 >jhnZ

DZkmfh\Z F X

<eZ^hk

IjZdlbq_kdZy klbebklbdZ

Jy[bgbgZ E : Khdheh\Z H <

DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª

420 421

Jmkkdbc yaud ^ey ]h\hj_ gby b ibkvfZ

FbehkeZ\kdbc B =

DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª

422– 424 425 426

NjZgpmakdZy b jhkkbckdZy ;m[gh\Z = B fheh^_`v ijh[e_fu bg l_j_ku f_qlu Bkke_^h\Zgb_ bgnhjfZ M]jbgh\bq G > pbhgguo fh^_e_c

427– 429

BgnhjfZpbhggu_ kbkl_ fu b fh^_eb

430 431 432 433

L_ogheh]by kha^Zgby kZc Omlhjkdhc : < Hj_rdh : I lh\ Kha^Z_f rdhevguc kZcl \ FhgZoh\ F X <hjhgbg : : Bgl_jg_l_

434 435

L_ogheh]by jZ[hlu k [b[ ebhl_qgufb b k_l_\ufb j_kmjkZfb H[hkgh\Zgby \ fZl_fZlb d_ Hl ?\deb^Z ^h dhfiv xl_jZ

De_ldb b ldZgb

414– 417 418 419

436– 438 439– 441 442– 444

3

K_fZdbg B = O_gg_j ? D

Dhjydh\p_\Z G : Hjeh\ < < Ih^oh^h\Z G K B\Z gh\ B : H[moh\ > D Dbjbe_gdh\Z < G

Bgl_ee_dlP_glj ;bghf EZ [hjZlhjby agZgbc ;bghf EZ [hjZlhjby agZgbc >jhnZ ;bghf EZ [hjZlhjby agZgbc DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª ;bghf EZ [hjZlhjby agZgbc >jhnZ

Bklhjby obfbb

Eh]bgh\Z = I Iehldbg K K KZ \bgdbgZ ? <

445– 447

;bhnbabdZ bklhjby hl djulby kh\j_f_gghklv

;jbevdh\ : < Nbrh\ < < Ohehklh\Z A =

448 449 450– 452 453– 455

Hkgh\u ^_eh\h]h h[s_ gby Hkgh\u fZjd_lbg]Z

Kbabdh\Z K N

;bghf EZ [hjZlhjby agZgbc ;bghf EZ [hjZlhjby agZgbc >jhnZ

=m^ujbg K G

<blZ-Ij_kk

Wdheh]bq_kdbc ijZdlbdmf rdhevgbdZ

:e_dk__\ K < =jma^_\Z G < =m sbgZ W <

DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª

IJBEH@?GB?

167 HdhgqZgb_

1 456– 458

459

460– 462

2 L_ogheh]by ijhn_kkbh gZevgh]h mki_oZ keZ]Z_ fu_ \u[hjZ ijhnbey h[m q_gby b ljZ_dlhjbb ^Zev g_cr_]h h[jZah\Zgby L_ogheh]by ijhn_kkbh gZevgh]h mki_oZ Fh^mev ŠLjZgkihjlª L_ogheh]by ijhn_kkbh gZevgh]h mki_oZ Fh^mev ŠBgnhjfZpbhggu_ hkgh\u mijZ\e_gbyª

3 Qbklydh\Z K G Jh^bq_\ G N Q_jdZrbg ? H

4 :dZ^_fby

Kibjbg B <

:dZ^_fby

Fbo__\Z ? <

:dZ^_fby

:G:EBLBQ?KDBC >HDE:>

168

­ĂŽĂ†Ă‰ĂŒĂ„ĂƒĂ‹Ă†Ăƒ

Kibkhd we_dljhgguo mq_[guo fZl_jbZeh\ – ih[_^bl_e_c lmjZ DhgdmjkZ GNID ‹ i i

GZa\Zgb_ WB

NbjfZ-jZajZ[hlqbd

1

FZl_fZlbdZ – deZkku

HHH ŠBa^Zl_evkdbc ^hf Š>jhnZª

2

FZl_fZlbdZ – deZkku

A:H Š K :dpbhg_jgh_ h[s_kl\hª

3

NbabdZ –11 deZkku

HHH ŠNbabdhgª

4

Obfby – deZkku

FZjbckdbc ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguc l_ogb q_kdbc mgb\_jkbl_l

5

;bheh]by – deZkk

=GM ŠJ_kim[ebdZgkdbc fmevlbf_ ^bZ p_gljª

6

<k_h[sZy bklhjby Bklhjby ^j_\g_]h fbjZ Bklhjby kj_^ gbo \_dh\ bklhjby Gh\h]h \j_f_gb

HHH ŠDhj^bk F_^bZª

7

Hl_q_kl\_ggZy bklhjby ^h gZqZeh OO \_dZ

Bgklblml gh\uo l_ogheh]bc h[jZah \Zgby BGL

8

H[s_kl\hagZgb_

HHH ŠFZjbkª

9

Wdheh]by

=HM<IH F=BWF

10

WdhghfbdZ

:HAL Š K :dpbhg_jgh_ h[s_kl \hª

11

GZqZevgZy rdheZ – deZkku

A:H ŠIjh^xk_jkdbc p_glj ŠRdheZª

12

Kbkl_fu ih^^_j`db bgnhjfZpbhggh HHH ŠOjhgh[mkª ]h ijhkljZgkl\Z hj]ZgbaZpbb h[jZah \Zl_evgh]h ijhp_kkZ gZ mjh\g_ rdheu

IJBEH@?GB?

169

­ĂŽĂ†Ă‰ĂŒĂ„ĂƒĂ‹Ă†Ăƒ

H[gh\e_gb_ b jZkrbj_gb_ i_j_qgy mq_[gbdh\ gZ ijbf_j_ mq_[gbdh\ ŠHdjm`Zxsbc fbjª ^ey gZqZevghc rdheu 1990 1. KhjhpdZy H D Ie_rZdh\ : : HagZdhfe_gb_ k hdjm`Zxsbf fbjhf deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 2. Ie_rZdh\ : : Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 3. Ie_rZdh\ : : Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 4. De_ibgbgZ A : Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 5. De_ibgbgZ A : Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 1996 DZlZeh]-kijZ\hqgbd ŠJhkkbckdbc mq_[gbdª Q BP Š:dZ^_fbyª

Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ 1. Ie_rZdh\ : : Fbj \hdjm] gZk deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 2. Ie_rZdh\ : : Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 3. Ie_rZdh\ : : Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 4. <bgh]jZ^h\Z G N Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 5. <bgh]jZ^h\Z G N Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 6. <bgh]jZ^h\Z G N B\q_gdh\Z = = IhlZih\ B < Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 7. <Zojmr_\ : : b ^j Fbj b q_eh\_d deZkk F >jhnZ 8. De_ibgbgZ A : Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk F Fg_fhabgZ 9. De_ibgbgZ A : Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk Kfhe_gkd :kkhpbZ pby XXI \_d Kbkl_fZ E < AZgdh\Z 10. >fbljb_\Z G Y Lh\ibg_p B I ?kl_kl\hagZgb_ deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 11. >fbljb_\Z G Y Lh\ibg_p B I ?kl_kl\hagZgb_ deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 12. >fbljb_\Z G Y Lh\ibg_p B I ?kl_kl\hagZgb_ deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ Kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z >Zggh]h ij_^f_lZ g_l

:G:EBLBQ?KDBC >HDE:>

170

1998/1999 Q_luj_oe_lgyy rdheZ 1. <bgh]jZ^h\Z G N Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj Mq_[gbd-l_ljZ^v deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 2. <bgh]jZ^h\Z G N Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 3. <bgh]jZ^h\Z G N Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 4. <bgh]jZ^h\Z G N Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 5. <Zojmr_\ : : b ^j Fbj b q_eh\_d deZkk F >jhnZ 6. <Zojmr_\ : : b ^j Fbj b q_eh\_d deZkk F >jhnZ 7. <Zojmr_\ : : b ^j Fbj b q_eh\_d deZkk F >jhnZ 8. <Zojmr_\ : : b ^j Fbj b q_eh\_d deZkk F >jhnZ 9. KZiebgZ ? < KZiebg : B <\_^_gb_ \ bklhjbx deZkk F >jhnZ 10. KZiebgZ ? < KZiebg : B <\_^_gb_ \ bklhjbx deZkk F >jhnZ Lj_o- (1– b q_luj_oe_lgyy – gZqZevgu_ rdheu 11. De_ibgbgZ A : Y b fbj \hdjm] Q - Mq_[gbd-l_ljZ^v deZkk –3), 1– deZkku – Kfhe_gkd :kkhpbZpby OO, \_d 12. De_ibgbgZ A : Hl e_lZ d e_lm deZkk – deZkk –4). Kfhe_gkd :kkhpbZpby OO, \_d 13. De_ibgbgZ A : Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk – deZkk –4). Kfhe_gkd :kkhpbZpby OO, \_d 14. De_ibgbgZ A : Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk – deZkk –4). F Fg_fhabgZ 15. KhjhpdZy H G Ie_rZdh\ : : HagZdhfe_gb_ k hdjm`Zxsbf fbjhf Mq_[gbd-l_ljZ^v deZkk – F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 16. KhjhpdZy H G Ie_rZdh\ : : HagZdhfe_gb_ k hdjm`Zxsbf fbjhf Mq_[gbd-l_ljZ^v deZkk – F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 17. Ie_rZdh\ : : Fbj \hdjm] gZk deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 18. Ie_rZdh\ : : Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk – deZkk –4). F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 19. Ie_rZdh\ : : Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk – deZkk –4). F Ijhk\_s_gb_ Kbkl_fZ E < AZgdh\Z 20. >fbljb_\Z G Y Lh\ibg_p B I ?kl_kl\hagZgb_ deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 21. >fbljb_\Z G Y Lh\ibg_p B I ?kl_kl\hagZgb_ deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 22. >fbljb_\Z G Y Lh\ibg_p B I ?kl_kl\hagZgb_ deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_

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Kbkl_fZ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z >Zggh]h ij_^f_lZ g_l 2003/2004 (Ijbeh`_gb_ ‹ d ijbdZam Fbgh[jZah\Zgby Jhkkbb hl yg\Zjy ] ‹ 10) Dhfie_dl mq_[gbdh\ ŠRdheZ JhkkbbÂŞ ih^ j_^ : : Ie_rZdh\Z

1. Ie_rZdh\ : : Fbj \hdjm] gZk deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 2. Ie_rZdh\ : : Fbj \hdjm] gZk Q b deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 3. Ie_rZdh\ : : Fbj \hdjm] gZk Q b deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 4. Ie_rZdh\ : : Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ Dhfie_dl mq_[gbdh\ ŠDeZkkbq_kdZy gZqZevgZy rdheZª 5. <Zojmr_\ : : b ^j Fbj b q_eh\_d deZkk F >jhnZ 6. <Zojmr_\ : : b ^j Fbj b q_eh\_d deZkk F >jhnZ 7. <Zojmr_\ : : b ^j Fbj b q_eh\_d deZkk F >jhnZ 8. <Zojmr_\ : : b ^j Fbj b q_eh\_d deZkk F >jhnZ Dhfie_dl mq_[gbdh\ Š=Zjfhgbyª ih^ j_^ G ; Bklhfbghc

9. Ih]eZah\Z H L Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj Q Mq_[gbd-l_ljZ^v deZkk Kfhe_gkd :kkhpbZpby OO, \_d 10. Ih]eZah\Z H L Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj Q Mq_[gbd-l_ljZ^v deZkk Kfhe_gkd :kkhpbZpby OO, \_d Ih]eZah\Z H L Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj Mq_[gbd-l_ljZ^v de Q Kfhe_gkd :kkhpbZpby OO, \_d 12. Ih]eZah\Z H L Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj Q Mq_[gbdl_ljZ^v deZkk Kfhe_gkd :kkhpbZpby OO, \_d Dhfie_dl mq_[gbdh\ ŠGZqZevgZy rdheZ XXI \_dZÂŞ ih^ j_^ G N <bgh]jZ^h\hc) 13. <bgh]jZ^h\Z G N Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk F <_glZgZ=jZn 14. <bgh]jZ^h\Z G N Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk F <_glZgZ=jZn 15. <bgh]jZ^h\Z G N DZebgh\Z = K Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk F <_glZgZ-=jZn 16. <bgh]jZ^h\Z G N DZebgh\Z = K Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk F <_glZgZ-=jZn Dhfie_dl mq_[gbdh\ ŠRdheZ ÂŤÂŞ – ŠRdheZ ÂŞ 17. <Zojmr_\ : : b ^j Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj Q – deZkk F ;ZeZkk

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18. <Zojmr_\ : : b ^j Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj Q – deZkk F ;ZeZkk 19. <Zojmr_\ : : b ^j Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj Q – deZkk F ;ZeZkk 20. <Zojmr_\ : : b ^j Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj Q – deZkk F ;ZeZkk Kbkl_fZ E < AZgdh\Z 21. >fbljb_\Z G Y b ^j Fu b hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk KZfZ jZ DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª 22. >fbljb_\Z G Y b ^j Fu b hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk KZfZ jZ DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª 23. >fbljb_\Z G Y Fu b hdjm`Zxsbc fbj deZkk KZfZjZ DhjihjZpby ©N_^hjh\ª Dhfie_dl mq_[gbdh\ ih kbkl_f_ > ; WevdhgbgZ – < < >Z\u^h\Z 24. Qm^bgh\Z ? < b ^j Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj Q deZkk F <b lZ-Ij_kk 25. Qm^bgh\Z ? < b ^j Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj Q deZkk F <b lZ-Ij_kk 26. Qm^bgh\Z ? < b ^j Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj Q deZkk F <b lZ-Ij_kk ml\_j`^_g iha`_ DZlZeh] mq_[gbdb ba g_aZdhgq_gguo ebgbc

27. P\_lh\Z E F Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj Mq_[gbd deZkk F Fg_fhabgZ 28. De_ibgbgZ A : <hjh`_cdbgZ G B Hdjm`Zxsbc fbj Mq_[gbd deZkk Kfhe_gkd :kkhpbZpby XXI \_d 28. LjZnbfh\Z = < LjZnbfh\ K : N_^hlh\Z H G GZr fbj Mq_[gbd deZkk F :dZ^_fdgb]Z

IJBEH@?GB?

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­ĂŽĂ†Ă‰ĂŒĂ„ĂƒĂ‹Ă†Ăƒ

H[gh\e_gb_ b jZkrbj_gb_ i_j_qgy mq_[gbdh\ gZ ijbf_j_ mq_[gbdh\ ih [bheh]bb 1990 1. DhjqZ]bgZ L ;bheh]by ;hlZgbdZ – deZkku F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 2. ;uoh\kdbc ; ? b ^j ;bheh]by @b\hlgu_ – deZkku F Ijhk\_s_gb_ -_ ba^Zgb_ 3. Pmaf_j : F b ^j :gZlhfby nbabheh]by q_eh\_dZ deZkku F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 4. Iheygkdbc X B H[sZy [bheh]by – deZkku F Ijhk\_ s_gb_ 5. ;_ey_\ > D b ^j H[sZy [bheh]by – deZkku F Ijhk\_ s_gb_ 1996 DZlZeh]-kijZ\hqgbd ŠJhkkbckdbc mq_[gbdÂŞ Q 1. F BP Š:dZ^_fbyÂŞ

N_^_jZevguc dhfie_dl 1. Ie_rZdh\ :: Khgbg G B Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk F >jhnZ 2. Kb\h]eZah\ < B b ^j Ijbjh^Z b q_eh\_d deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 3. ?e_g_\kdbc : = b ^j ;bheh]by JZkl_gby [Zdl_jbb ]jb[u ebrZcgbdb 6– deZkku F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 4. Ie_rZdh\ : : b ^j ;bheh]by @b\hc hj]Zgbaf deZkk F >jhnZ 5. ;uoh\kdbc ; ? b ^j – deZkku ;bheh]by @b\hlgu_ F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 6. Gbdbrh\ : B RZjh\Z B O ;bheh]by @b\hlgu_ – deZkku F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 7. ;Zlm_\ : K b ^j ;bheh]by Q_eh\_d deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 8. Ojbidh\Z : = b ^j ;bheh]by deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ ihke_ _kl_kl\hagZgby 9. Iheygkdbc X B H[sZy [bheh]by – deZkku F Ijhk\_ s_gb_ 10. ;_ey_\ > D b ^j H[sZy [bheh]by – deZkku F Ijhk\_s_gb_

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174

Mq_[gbdb ^ey m]em[e_ggh]h bamq_gby 11. Jm\bgkdbc : H b ^j H[sZy [bheh]by – deZkku F Ijh k\_s_gb_ 12. F_^gbdh\ ; F ;bheh]by nhjfu b mjh\gb hj]ZgbaZpbb `b\hc fZl_jbb F Ijhk\_s_gb_ Ijh[gu_ b wdki_jbf_glZevgu_ mq_[gbdb 13. IZdmeh\Z < F b ^j Ijbjh^Z G_`b\Zy b `b\Zy deZkk F >jhnZ 14. IZk_qgbd < < ;bheh]by deZkk F >jhnZ 15. Kb\h]eZah\ < B Ie_rZdh\ : : Ijbjh^Z b q_eh\_d deZkk F >jhnZ 16. :gZklZkh\Z E I b ^j ;bheh]by Q_eh\_d b hdjm`ZxsZy kj_ ^Z ^ey _kl_kl\_gghgZmqgh]h ijhnbey deZkk F >jhnZ 17. FZr N > b ^j Q_eh\_d deZkk F >jhnZ 18. AZoZjh\ < ; b ^j ;bheh]by – h[sb_ aZdhghf_jghklb –11 deZkku F RdheZ-Ij_kk Bamq_gb_ [bheh]bb \ jZfdZo _kl_kl\hagZgby ?kl_kl\hagZgb_ Ih^ j_^ : = Ojbidh\hc – deZkku F Ijh k\_s_gb_ ijh[gu_ ?kl_kl\hagZgb_ Ih^ j_^ B L Kmjh\_]bghc –7 deZkku F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 1998/1999 N_^_jZevguc dhfie_dl 1-y ij_^f_lgh-f_lh^bq_kdZy ebgby 1. Ie_rZdh\ :: Khgbg G B Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk F >jhnZ 2. Khgbg G B ;bheh]by @b\hc hj]Zgbaf deZkk F >jhnZ 3. Khgbg G B AZoZjh\ < ; ;bheh]by Fgh]hh[jZab_ `b\uo hj ]Zgbafh\ deZkk F >jhnZ 4. FZfhglh\ K = b ^j ;bheh]by H[sb_ aZdhghf_jghklb –11 deZkku F >jhnZ 2-y ij_^f_lgh-f_lh^bq_kdZy ebgby 5. Kljh]Zgh\ < B Kmoh\Z L K Ijbjh^Z <\_^_gb_ \ [bheh]bx b wdheh]bx deZkk F <_glZgZ-=jZn 6. >jZ]hfbeh\ : = FZr J > ;bheh]by Q_eh\_d deZkk F <_glZgZ-=jZn 3-y ij_^f_lgh-f_lh^bq_kdZy ebgby 7. IZdmeh\Z < F b ^j Ijbjh^Z G_`b\Zy b `b\Zy deZkk F >jhnZ 8. IZk_qgbd < < ;bheh]by deZkk F >jhnZ

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Mq_[gbdb \g_ ij_^f_lgh-f_lh^bq_kdbo ebgbc 9. Kb\h]eZah\ < B b ^j Ijbjh^Z b q_eh\_d deZkk F Ijhk\_ s_gb_ 10. Ojuih\Z J G ;bheh]by deZkk F Fg_fhabgZ 11. ?e_g_\kdbc : = b ^j ;bheh]by deZkk F >jhnZ 12. ?e_g_\kdbc : = b ^j ;bheh]by JZkl_gby [Zdl_jbb ]jb[u ebrZcgbdb – deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 13. LjZclZd > B ;bheh]by JZkl_gby [Zdl_jbb ]jb[u ebrZcgb db – deZkku F Fg_fhabgZ 14. Gbdbrh\ : B RZjh\Z B O ;bheh]by @b\hlgu_ – deZkku F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 15. ;uoh\kdbc ; ? b ^j ;bheh]by @b\hlgu_ – deZkku F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 16. Fy]dh\Z : G b ^j ;bheh]by deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 17. Ojbidh\Z : = b ^j ;bheh]by deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 18. AZoZjh\ < ; b ^j H[sZy [bheh]by deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 19. :gZklZkh\Z E I b ^j ;bheh]by Q_eh\_d b hdjm`ZxsZy kj_ ^Z ^ey _kl -gZmq ijhnbey deZkk F >jhnZ 20. Dhe_kh\ < > b ^j ;bheh]by deZkk F >jhnZ 21. ;_ey_\ > D b ^j H[sZy [bheh]by – deZkku F Ijhk\_ s_gb_ 22. Iheygkdbc X B H[sZy [bheh]by – deZkku F Ijhk\_ s_gb_ 23. ;Zlm_\ : K b ^j Q_eh\_d Hkgh\u nbabheh]bb b ikboheh]bb deZkk F >jhnZ 24. ;Zlm_\ : K b ^j Q_eh\_d deZkk F >jhnZ Mq_[gbdb ^ey m]em[e_ggh]h bamq_gby 25. Jm\bgkdbc : H b ^j H[sZy [bheh]by – deZkku F Ijh k\_s_gb_ 26. KZibg F J b ^j :gZlhfby q_eh\_dZ deZkk F Ijhk\_s_gb_ 2003/2004 (Ijbeh`_gb_ ‹ d ijbdZam Fbgh[jZah\Zgby Jhkkbb hl yg\Zjy ] ‹

N_^_jZevguc dhfie_dl 1-y ij_^f_lgh-f_lh^bq_kdZy ebgby 1. Ie_rZdh\ :: Khgbg G B Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_ deZkk F >jhnZ 2. Khgbg G B ;bheh]by @b\hc hj]Zgbaf deZkk F >jhnZ 3. AZoZjh\ < ; Khgbg G B ;bheh]by Fgh]hh[jZab_ `b\uo hj]Z gbafh\ deZkk F >jhnZ 4. Khgbg G B KZibg F J ;bheh]by Q_eh\_d deZkk F >jhnZ 5. FZfhglh\ K = AZoZjh\ < ; Khgbg G B ;bheh]by H[sb_ aZ dhghf_jghklb deZkk F >jhnZ

176

:G:EBLBQ?KDBC >HDE:>

6. AZoZjh\ < ; FZfhglh\ K = Khgbg G B H[sZy [bheh]by – deZkku F >jhnZ 2-y ij_^f_lgh-f_lh^bq_kdZy ebgby 7. Kmoh\Z L K Kljh]Zgh\ < B Ijbjh^Z <\_^_gb_ \ [bheh]bx b wdheh]bx deZkk F <_glZgZ-=jZn 8. IhghfZj_\Z B G b ^j ;bheh]by JZkl_gby ;Zdl_jbb =jb[u EbrZcgbdb deZkk F <_glZgZ-=jZn 9. DhgklZglbgh\ < F b ^j ;bheh]by @b\hlgu_ deZkk F <_glZgZ-=jZn 10. >jZ]hfbeh\ : = FZr J > ;bheh]by Q_eh\_d deZkk F <_glZgZ-=jZn 11. IhghfZj_\Z B G b ^j Hkgh\u h[s_c [bheh]bb deZkk F <_glZgZ-=jZn 12. IhghfZj_\Z B G Dhjgbeh\Z H B EhsbebgZ ? G H[sZy [bheh]by deZkk F <_glZgZ-=jZn 13. IhghfZj_\Z B G Dhjgbeh\Z H B EhsbebgZ ? G H[sZy [bheh]by deZkk F <_glZgZ-=jZn 3-y ij_^f_lgh-f_lh^bq_kdZy ebgby 14. IZdmeh\Z < F B\Zgh\Z G < Ijbjh^Z G_`b\Zy b `b\Zy deZkk F >jhnZ 15. IZk_qgbd < < ;bheh]by ;Zdl_jbb =jb[u JZkl_gby deZkk F >jhnZ 16. EZlxrbg < < RZidbg < : ;bheh]by @b\hlgu_ deZkk F >jhnZ 17. Dhe_kh\ > < FZr J > ;bheh]by Q_eh\_d deZkk F >jhnZ 18. DZf_gkdbc : : Djbdkmgh\ ? : IZk_qgbd < < ;bheh]by <\_ ^_gb_ \ h[smx [bheh]bx b wdheh]bx deZkk F >jhnZ 19. ;_ey_\ > D b ^j H[sZy [bheh]by – deZkku F Ijhk\_ s_gb_. DZlZeh] mq_[gbdb ba g_aZdhgq_gguo ebgbc

20. Eh\y]bg K G <Zojmr_\ : : JZmlbZg : K ;bheh]by H l_o dlh jZkl_l gh g_ [_]Z_l deZkk F ;ZeZkk 21. <bdlhjh\ < I Gbdbrh\ : B ;bheh]by JZkl_gby ;Zdl_jbb =jb[u EbrZcgbdb Mq_[gbd deZkk F <eZ^hk 22. LjZclZd > B ;bheh]by JZkl_gby [Zdl_jbb ]jb[u ebrZcgb db – deZkku F Fg_fhabgZ 23. LjZclZd > B KmfZlhobg < B ;bheh]by @b\hlgu_ Mq_[gbd deZkk F Fg_fhabgZ 24. Dmq_j L < EhsbebgZ L ? GbdheZ_\ B < ?kl_kl\hagZgb_ Q_eh\_d b hdjm`ZxsZy kj_^Z deZkk F Gh\uc mq_[gbd 24. Kmoh\Z L K Kljh]Zgh\ < B ?kl_kl\hagZgb_ Mq_[gbd deZkk F <_glZgZ-=jZn

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Ih^ wlbfb iZjZf_ljZfb ihgbfZxlky dhgdj_lgZy l_fZ f_klh ]eZ\u jZa^_eZ \ MFD mjh\_gv \eZ^_gby ]h^ h[mq_gby khhl\_lkl\b_ lj_[h\Zgbyf mq_[ghc ijh ]jZffu klZg^ZjlZ b ^j 3 Ih^ j_]bhgZevguf nZdlhjhf ihgbfZ_lky kblmZpby dh]^Z ijb hl[hj_ dZg^b ^Zlh\ ij_^ihql_gb_ hl^Z_lky g_ dZdhfm-eb[h hl^_evghfm dZg^b^Zlm Z fbgbdh fZg^_ lh]h beb bgh]h j_]bhgZ JZ[hlZ \ lZdbo j_]bhgZevguo fbgbdhfZg^Zo hdZau \Z_lky hq_gv \Z`gZ gZ klZ^bb jZajZ[hldb fZl_jbZeh\ hkh[_ggh _keb j_]bhgu kbevgh m^Ze_gu ^jm] hl ^jm]Z GZijbf_j \ jhkkbckdhf ijh_dl_ ih kha^Zgbx k_jbb MFD ih Zg]ebckdhfm yaudm New Milliennium English b Millie mqZkl\h\Zeb dhfZg^u ba DjZkghyjkdZ Fhkd\u Gb`g_]h Gh\]hjh^Z HfkdZ KZfZju Khqb K-I_l_j[mj]Z b Lmeu qlh ^_eZeh ijZdlbq_kdb g_\hafh`guf ebqgu_ \klj_qb mqZklgbdh\ \ i_jbh^ f_`^m fZkl_jkdbfb

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Ih^]hlh\dZ Z\lhjh\ Ih^]hlh\dZ Z\lhjh\ \dexqZ_l \ k_[y ^\Z hkgh\guo wlZiZ • lj_gbg] klZ`bjh\dZ Z\lhjh\ • h[mq_gb_ b ijhn_kkbhgZevgh_ jZa\blb_ Z\lhjh\ \ ijhp_kk_ bo jZ[hlu gZ^ jmdhibkvx WlZi Lj_gbg] klZ`bjh\dZ Z\lhjh\ Ijh\_^_gb_ gZ wlhf wlZi_ ih^]hlh\db Z\lhjh\ lj_gbg]Z klZ`b jh\db y\ey_lky hq_gv \Z`guf ^ey klZgh\e_gby ijh_dlZ b ihwlhfm lj_[m_l hkh[_ggh lsZl_evghc ih^]hlh\db <ukr__ h[jZah\Zgb_ \j_ fy lj_gbg]Z [m^msbf Z\lhjZf ij_^hklZ\ey_lky \hafh`ghklv g_ lhevdh m]em[blv k\hb ijhn_kkbhgZevgu_ agZgby gh b \ujZ[hlZlv h[s_dhfZg^gu_ f_lh^bq_kdb_ ijbgpbiu ijbh[j_klb gZ\udb dh fZg^ghc jZ[hlu GZ ^Zgghf wlZi_ m jmdh\h^bl_e_c b dhgkmevlZglh\ ijh_dlZ ihy\ey_lky \hafh`ghklv gZ[ex^Zlv aZ jZ[hlhc dZ`^h]h Z\ lhjZ b dhfZg^u \ p_ehf qlh \ ^Zevg_cr_f iha\hebl jZkij_^_eblv aZ^Zgby f_`^m Z\lhjZfb gZb[he__ p_e_khh[jZagh FbgbfZevgZy ^ebl_evghklv lj_gbg]Z khklZ\ey_l ihjy^dZ – g_ ^_ev4 < aZ\bkbfhklb hl kl_i_gb bggh\Zpbhgghklb ieZgbjm_fh]h MFD b bf_xsboky \ gZebqbb nhg^h\ lj_gbg] fh`_l [ulv ijh\_^_g dZd \ Jhkkbb lZd b aZ __ ij_^_eZfb gZijbf_j \ kljZg_ hdZau\Zxs_c dhgkmevlZpbhggu_ mkem]b < p_eyo m^_r_\e_gby ijh_dlZ h[mq_gb_ fh`_l [ulv ijhba\_^_gh \ Jhkkbb bghkljZgguf dhgkmevlZglhf h[ sZxsbfky k dhfZg^hc ijb ihfhsb i_j_\h^qbdZ5 < jheb i_j_\h^qb dZ a^_kv fh`_l \uklmiZlv jhkkbckdbc Z\lhj ih^]hlh\e_gguc \ oh^_ ZgZeh]bqgh]h ijh_dlZ gZijbf_j ijh_dlZ kha^Zgby MFD ih Zg]ebc kdhfm yaudm ^ey kj_^g_c rdheu New Millennium English b Millie). Djhf_ lh]h gZ wlhf wlZi_ `_eZl_evgh lZd`_ mqZklb_ ijhn_kkbh gZevgh]h j_^ZdlhjZ ba ba^Zl_evkl\Z dhlhjh_ [m^_l beb gZf_j_\Z_l ky ba^Z\Zlv ^Zgguc MFD < b^_Ze_ lj_gbg] ^he`_g \dexqZlv aZgylby ihk\ys_ggu_ • jZa\blbx gZ\udh\ dhfZg^ghc jZ[hlu \hafh`gh ijb\e_q_gb_ ikboheh]Z • ijh\_^_gbx ZgZebaZ ^ey gm`^ b ihlj_[ghkl_c • hagZdhfe_gbx k gh\_crbfb f_lh^bq_kdbfb gZjZ[hldZfb \ ^Zgghc ij_^f_lghc h[eZklb • hagZdhfe_gbx k ijbgpbiZfb jZajZ[hldb mq_[guo fZl_jbZeh\ b bo ijZdlbq_kdh]h hk\h_gby lZdbo dZd jZajZ[hldZ aZ^Zgbc b mijZ`g_ gbc mq_[gh_ bkihevah\Zgb_ l_dklh\ nhjfmebjh\dZ jm[jbd b bgkl jmdpbc bkihevah\Zgb_ beexkljZpbc b ^j • hagZdhfe_gbx k ijbgpbiZfb b kms_kl\mxsbfb l_ogbdZfb hp_gb\Zgby mqZsboky 4 < jZfdZo jhkkbckdbo ijh_dlh\ ih gZibkZgbx MFD ih Zg]ebckdhfm yaudm New Millennium English b Millie ih^h[guc lj_gbg] aZgbfZe b g_^_ev khhl\_lkl\_ggh 5 WlZ kblmZpby oZjZdl_jgZ ^ey g_yaudh\uo ij_^f_lh\

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192

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194

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