World Bank India newsletter in Hindi - October 2023

Page 1

World Bank in India

Vol 26 / No. 1 October 2023 LokLF; lsok vkSj iks"k.k ds xqeuke flikgh

:ch nsoh ,d x`g.kh gSa] tks iwohZ Hkkjrh; jkT; fcgkj ds

tgkukckn ftys ds jruh xkao esa jgrh gSaA :ch crkrh

gSa] ß2014 esa tc esjk igyk cPpk iSnk gqvk] rks mldk

otu yxHkx 1-25 fdyksxzke FkkA og vDlj chekj iM+

tkrk Fkk vkSj c<+rh mez ds lkFk mls dqN Hkh lh[kus esa

dfBukbZ gks jgh FkhAß lky 2016 ds ckn bl fLFkfr esa

dkQh cnyko vk;k tc :ch nsoh dks xHkkZoLFkk ds nkSjku

mfpr iks"k.k ds egRo] xHkZ/kkj.k ds chp lgh varj vkSj

cPps dks lgh rjhds ls nw/k fiykus ds ckjs esa irk pykA

mudk nwljk cPpk LoLFk iSnk gqvk] ftldk tUe ds

nkSjku 3-5 fdyks otu FkkA og vc nwljh d{kk esa tkus

ds fy, rS;kj gSA ogha mudk cM+k cPpk vc igyh d{kk esa gh gSA

:ch nsoh fo'o cSad }kjk lefFkZr thfodk dk;ZØe dh

,d ykHkkFkhZ gSaA bl dk;ZØe us jkT; Hkj esa Lo;a lgk;rk

lewgksa dh yk[kksa efgyk lnL;ksa ds chp iks"k.k dks ysdj

tkx:drk c<+kus esa enn dh gSA ;g ,d cgqr cM+h

miyfC/k gS D;wafd fcgkj esa xjhcksa dh vkcknh cgqr T;knk gS] tks LokLF;] f'k{kk vkSj thou Lrj dks csgrj djus esa dbZ pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djrs gSaA

fcgkj ds eqt¶Qjuxj ftys esa jgus okyh 29 o"khZ; fouhrk thfodk dk;ZØe ds rgr ,d ßiks"k.k l[khß ds :i esa dke djrh gSaA 2019 esa igyh ckj bl dk;ZØe ls tqM+us ds ckn mUgksaus ftu pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk fd;k] mlds ckjs esa ;kn djrs gq, fouhrk dgrh gSa] ßxkao dh dbZ efgyk,a xHkkZoLFkk ds nkSjku iks"k.k ;k fu;fer tkap ds egRo ds ckjs esa lquus ds fy, rS;kj ugha FkhaA ml nkSjku fcgkj esa cPps ds tUe dks ysdj iqjkuh ekU;rkvksa dk çpyu Fkk] tgka cw<+h ekavksa dk ekuuk Fkk fd fiNyh ih<+h dh efgyk,a ftu phtksa ij fuHkZj Fkha] og bl ih<+h dh xHkZorh efgykvksa ds fy, Hkh i;kZIr gSAß

vHkh] fouhrk dk xkao esa [kqydj Lokxr fd;k tkrk gSA og gj jkst ikap ls lkr ?kjksa esa tkrh gSa] xHkZorh efgykvksa vkSj muds ifjokjksa ds lkFk mfpr iks"k.k] xHkkZoLFkk ds nkSjku fu;fer tkap ds ckjs esa ckr djrh gSA ;gka rd fd og ,sls [kkuiku dks viukus ds ckjs esa lykg nsrh gSa] ftlls tqM+h lkexzh muds ?kj ij vklkuh ls miyC/k gks vkSj vkjke ls ?kj ij gh mls idkuk laHko gksA çxfr dks n'kkZus ds fy, og mu ?kjksa ij yky fcanh yxk nsrh gS tgk¡ mUgsa yxrk gS fd ;gka lq/kkj dh

Þtc esjk igyk cPpk iSnk gqvk]rks mldk otu de FkkA og vDlj chekj jgrh Fkh vkSj

/khjs&/khjs lh[krh FkhA esjh iks"k.k l[kh us eq>s xHkkZoLFkk ds chp lgh varj vkSj xHkkZoLFkk

ds nkSjku mfpr iks"k.k ds ckjs esa fl[kk;kA eSaus mudh lykg ekuh vkSj esjk nwljk cPpk

LoLFk gS vkSj csgrj rjhds ls cM+k gks jgk gSA

:ch nsoh] x`fg.kh] xk¡o jruh] ftyk tgkukckn] fcgkj

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3

xqatkb'k gSA ftu ?kjksa esa mudh lykg dk ikyu fd;k tk

jgk gksrk gS] ogka gjh fcanh yxk nsrh gSA fiNys dqN lkyksa

esa fouhrk ;g ns[kdj [kq'k gSa fd yky fcanh okys ?kj /khjs&

/khjs gjh fcanh okys ?kjksa esa rCnhy gks jgs gSaA

iks"k.k l[kh&lf[k;ka tks efgykvksa dks

mfpr vkgkj pquus esa enn djrh gSa

fcgkj esa yxHkx 7]500 iks"k.k lf[k;ka ekStwn gSa] tks xjhch

mUewyu ds fy, ljdkj ds thfodk dk;ZØe ds rgr dke

dj jgh gSaA iks"k.k lf[k;ksa dk pquko LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k ds

ckjs esa mudh #fp vkSj Kku ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tkrk gSA

bl dk;ZØe ds rgr mUgsa ekLVj fjlkslZ ilZUl }kjk lkr

fnuksa dk çf'k{k.k fn;k tkrk gSA os çfrfnu yxHkx 160

#i, dekrh gSa vkSj xzke iapk;rksa dh vksj ls lkeqnkf;d iks"k.k ds fy, ,d fjlkslZ ilZu ds :i esa dke djrh gSaA os xHkZorh ,oa Lruiku djkus okyh efgykvksa dks xHkkZoLFkk ls

lacaf/kr feF;kvksa dks nwj djus esa egÙoiw.kZ ekxZn'kZu çnku

dj jgh gSaA lkFk esa ekr` e`R;q nj esa deh ykus ds fy, jkT;

ds ,d lg;ksxh ds rkSj ij dke dj jgh gSa vkSj vPNh

vkgkj i)fr;ksa dks viukus esa lq/kkj yk jgh gSaA

fcgkj us iks"k.k ds ekeys esa mYys[kuh; çxfr gkfly dh gSA jkT; esa 5 lky ls de mez ds yxHkx vk/ks cPpksa dks

larqfyr iks"kd vkgkj fey jgk gS] tcfd 2018 esa gj

10 esa ls dsoy 2 cPpksa dks gh iks"kd vkgkj fey ik jgk

FkkA 2018&2022 ds vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj] orZeku esa çtuu

vk;q dh efgykvksa esa gj 10 esa ls 6 efgyk,a mfpr vkgkj

ys jgh gSa] tcfd igys 10 esa ls dsoy 2 efgyk,a mfpr

vkgkj ys ik jgh FkhaA fcgkj esa cky dqiks"k.k dh Åaph nj dks ns[krs gq, ;g miyfC/k fo'ks"k :i ls mYys[kuh; gS]

tgka 5 o"kZ ls de mez ds 41 çfr'kr cPps de otu ds

gSa vkSj 69 çfr'kr ,uhfe;k ls ihfM+r gSaA oSf'od v/;;uksa ls irk pyk gS fd dSls thou ds igys 1]000 fnuksa esa

iks"k.k laca/kh deh ls 'kkjhfjd fodkl /khek gks tkrk gS

vkSj laKkukRed {kerk de gks tkrh gS] vkSj lkFk gh 'kS{kf.kd ifj.kkeksa esa Hkh fxjkoV vkrh gSA

4 2018 ls igys 10 esa ls 2 efgyk,a 2018&2022 10 esa ls 6 efgyk,a çtuu vk;q esa mfpr vkgkj ysus esa c<+ksÙkjh

LokLF; fe=&vLirkyksa esa lg;ksx djus okyh fe=

fcgkj ds Hkkxyiqj ftys esa 27 o"khZ; 'kkfyuh lqcg

4 cts mBrh gSaA og vius 7 lky ds csVs dks Ldwy

tkus ds fy, rS;kj djrh gSa] vius ifjokj ds fy, [kkuk cukrh gSa] vkSj ogka ls yxHkx 15 fdeh nwj

esfMdy d‚yst esa lqcg 6 cts dh f'k¶V ds fy, fy, rhu v‚Vks fjD'kk cnyds igq¡prh gSA

'kkfyuh fiNys 10 eghuksa ls Hkkxyiqj esfMdy d‚yst

esa ,d LokLF; fe= ds :i esa dke dj jgh gSaA budk

dke ejhtksa dks lgh M‚DVjksa ls feykuk] vLirky

esa lqfo/kkvksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsuk vkSj fpfdrlk

tkap esa mfpr lg;ksx çnku djuk gSA og dgrh

gSa] ßesfMdy d‚yst esa gj jkst 30&40 ejht vkrs

gSa vkSj muesa ls T;knkrj xjhc yksx gSA os vLirky

dh çfØ;kvksa ds ckjs esa dqN ugha tkurA dHkh&dHkh]

mnkgj.k ds fy,] mUgsa rqjar ltZjh djkuh iM+rh gSA ,sls esa esjk dke mUgsa lgh çfØ;kvksa ds ckjs esa crkuk vkSj lgh foHkkxksa ls tksM+uk gSAß

thfodk dk;ZØe ds rgr] LokLF; fe=ksa dk p;u LokLF; {ks= esa mudh #fp ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mudk de ls de ckjgoha ikl gksuk t:jh gSA mUgsa

jkT; dh jkt/kkuh iVuk esa vf[ky Hkkjrh; vk;qfoZKku

laLFkku esa nks fnu dk çf'k{k.k fn;k tkrk gSA 'kkfyuh

Lohdkj djrh gSa fd mUgsa 'kq#vkr esa esfMdy d‚yst esa dbZ dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA ÞfpfdRlkdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk ckrphr djus] fpfdRlk {ks= ls tqM+h 'kCnkofy;ksa vkSj mudh tfVyrkvksa ds ckjs esa tkuus vkSj vLirky dh

çfØ;kvksa dks le>us esa le; yxkA vkt eq>s [kq'kh gS fd

eSa mu oafpr yksxksa dh enn dj ikrh gwa tks nwj&njkt

ds bykdksa ls ;gka vkrs gSa vkSj xqejkg fd, tkus ds Mj vkSj vfuf'prrk ds pyrs ?kcjk, gq, gksrs gSaAß

ÞesfMdy d‚yst esa vkus okys dbZ ejht xjhc gSa vkSj vLirky dh çfØ;kvksa ls vifjfpr gSaA os nwj&njkt ds xkaoksa ls vkrs gSa] nqfo/kk esa gksrs gSa vkSj xqejkg gksus ds Mjrs gSaA mudk ekxZn'kZu djuk vkSj mUgsa lgh foHkkxksa ls tksM+uk esjk dke gSAß

'kkfyuh] LokLF; fe=] ftyk esfMdy d‚yst] Hkkxyiqj] fcgkj

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40 o"khZ; rSewy gd ,d ,pvkbZoh ejht gSa] tks fcgkj ds iwf.kZ;k ftys ls rkYyqd j[krs gSaA og viuk vuqHko ds ckjs esa crkrs gSa fd og blls igys dHkh Hkkxyiqj ugha vk, Fks vkSj mUgsa ugha irk Fkk fd og dgka tk,a vkSj vLirky esa fdlh ls D;k mEehn djsa- ß'kkfyuh esjs vkSj esjs ifjokj ds fy, ,d lxh cgu tSlh Fkh] ftlus cgqr /kS;Z ds lkFk gesa vLirky dh tfVy çfØ;kvksa ds ckjs esa le>k;k vkSj gekjs fy, Q‚yks&vi tkap ij utj j[khAß

thfodk dk;ZØe

ds varxZr fcgkj es

135 LokLF;

fe= 35 ftyk

vLirkyksa vkSj

10 esfMdy

d‚ystksa esa dke

dj jgs gSa

fcgkj Hkj esa thfodk dk;ZØe ds rgr 35 ftyk vLirkyksa vkSj 10 esfMdy d‚ystksa esa 135 LokLF; fe= dke dj jgs gSaA murhl o"khZ; fjatw us gfj;k.kk ls fctusl ,MfefuLVªs'ku dh i<kbZ dh gS vkSj og teqbZ ftys ds lnj vLirky esa dke djrh gSA og jkst ds dke dk 491 #i;s dekrh gSaA muds ifr csjkstxkj gSa vkSj og crkrh gSa fd ,d oä ,slk Fkk tc pkj lnL;ksa okyk mudk ifjokj vkfFkZd dfBukb;ksa ls tw> jgk FkkA og eqLdqjkrs gq, dgrh gSa] ßeq>s vius ek;ds okyksa vkSj llqjky okyksa ls iSls ekaxus iM+s LokLF; fe= ds :i esa tks esjh vkenuh gS] mlls eSa fcuk fdlh vkSj dh enn fy, vius cPpksa dks Ldwy Hkst ldrh gwaAß

thfodk vf/kdkfj;ksa ds vuqlkj] igys ,d fparktud

ço`fÙk ns[kus dks feyrh Fkh] tgka dbZ xHkZorh efgyk,a le; ij bykt ds fy, lnj vLirky ugha igqap ikrh

FkhaA cfYd mUgsa futh nok[kkuksa esa ys tk;k tkrk Fkk]

tgka mUgsa bykt ds fy, cgqr T;knk iSls [kpZ djus iM+rs

FksA- fjatw crkrh gSa] ßvxj ge ejhtksa dh enn djus dh

dksf'k'k djrs Fks rks futh nok[kkuksa dh 'kg ij reke

fcpkSfy, gesa Mjkus&/kedkus yxrs FksAß ftyk ç'kklu ds

ç;klksa vkSj LokLF; lf[k;ksa dh enn ls lnj vLirkyksa

esa lqfo/kk,a csgrj gks tkus ds dkj.k fLFkfr esa lq/kkj vk;k

gSA vDVwcj 2022 ls] teqbZ ds lnj vLirky us 57

lh&lsD'ku vkSj 600 ls vf/kd ijh{k.k] vYVªklkmaM vkSj

,Dl&js fd, gSaA

6

iks"k.k;qä Hkfo"; ds fy, ç;kl

Ng ekg ds cPpksa ls ysdj Ng lky ds cPpksa esa iks"k.k laca/kh LokLF; ifj.kkeksa esa lq/kkj ykus ds fy, fcgkj us ckykgkj la;qä m|e dks viuk;k gSA bl m|e dks jkT; esa iwlk —f"k fo'ofo|ky; dk leFkZu çkIr gSA ckykgkj

,d ,slk 'kq"d iks"kd vkgkj gS] ftls xsagw] ewax nky] nw/k dk ikmMj] 'kDdj vkSj ?kh ls rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA bls

Hkkjrh; [kk| çkf/kdj.k ls xq.koÙkk çek.k Hkh fn;k x;k gSA ;g çfr 100 xzke ij 370 dSyksjh dh ÅtkZ nsrk gSA

blds 50 xzke ds iSdsV cktkj esa vklkuh ls 12 #i;s esa [kjhnk tk ldrk gSA

27 lky dh e/kq nks cPpksa dh eka gSa] vkSj vçSy ls gh

viuh <kbZ lky dh csVh dks ckykgkj f[kyk jgh gSaA og

lksp jgh gSa fd tc mudk csVk Ng eghus dk gks tk;sxk rks og mls Hkh ;g vkgkj nsuk 'kq: dj nsxhA e/kq dks

yxrk gS fd cykgkj cktkj esa miyC/k vU; iwjd [kk|

inkFkksaZ dh rqyuk esa fdQk;rh gS vkSj ;g mudh csVh ds fodkl ds fy, vko';d iks"kd rRoksa ls Hkjiwj gSA

ßesjh csVh dk otu c<+ jgk gS vkSj og yach gks jgh gSA

eSa vius nwljs cPps dks Hkh ;g f[kykÅaxhAß

fo'o cSad ds leFkZu ls jkT; ds leLrhiqj ftys esa nks

ckykgkj bdkb;ka fnlacj 2022 ls dke dj jgh gSa] vkSj

uoacj 2023 ls Hkkxyiqj esa nwljh bdkbZ 'kq: gksus okyh

gSA thfodk dk;ZØe ds rgr iwlk fo'ofo|ky; us ,slh

40 efgykvksa dks ckykgkj Hkkstu ds mRiknu] [kjhn]

LoPNrk vkSj iSdsftax dk çf'k{k.k fn;k gS tks y?kq m|ksx

LFkkfir djuk pkgrh FkhaA

fcgkj esa bl cgqLrjh; ç;klksa ls irk pyrk gS fd

lkewfgd ladYi ds tfj, leqnk;ksa dks l'kä cukus]

feF;kvksa dks nwj djus] LokLF; ns[kHkky dh igqap esa lq/kkj

djus vkSj iks"k.k esa lq/kkj dh fn'kk esa mYys[kuh; çxfr

gkfly dh tk ldrh gA blls yksxksa vkSj ifjokjksa dh

csgrjh dh fn'kk esa egÙoiw.kZ cnyko yk;k tk ldrk gSA

bl dk;ZØe dh lQyrk dks ns[krs gq, thfodk dks Hkkjr

esa LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k ds fy, jk"Vªh; lalk/ku laxBu ds

:i esa ekU;rk nh xbZ gSA

iks"kd rRoksa ls Hkjiwj vkSj fdQk;rh nke ij ^ckykgkj^

6 ekg ls 6 lky ds cPpksa

dks çfr 100 xzke djhc

370 dSyksjh ÅtkZ vkSj

ikSf"Vdrk nsrk gSA

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