THE MISSION OF THE WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY (WMU) IS TO BE THE WORLD CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN POSTGRADUATE MARITIME AND OCEANS EDUCATION, PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND RESEARCH, WHILE BUILDING GLOBAL CAPACITY AND PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.
THE VISION OF WMU IS TO INSPIRE LEADERSHIP AND INNOVATION FOR A SUSTAINABLE MARITIME AND OCEANS FUTURE.
WHO WE ARE
As a global centre of excellence established within the framework of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), a specialized agency of the United Nations, the World Maritime University plays a significant role in maritime and ocean education, research, capacity development and economic development while promoting the role of women in the maritime and ocean sectors.
The aim of WMU is to further enhance the objectives and goals of the IMO, IMO member States and the maritime industry, building global capacity through our unique postgraduate education programmes as well as professional development courses and research that meet the highest standards in maritime and oceans affairs. We work closely with the IMO and key stakeholders including maritime and port administrations, the maritime industry and non-governmental organizations.
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on 5 December 2023 adopted Resolution 78/69 on Oceans and the Law of the Sea. The resolution continues, for the fourteenth consecutive year since 2009, to recognize the importance of the World Maritime University (WMU) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), as a centre of excellence for maritime education, research and capacity development. The resolution confirms WMU’s “effective capacity development role in the field of maritime transportation, policy, administration, management, safety, security and environmental protection, as well as its role in the international exchange and transfer of knowledge, notes the role of the World Maritime University-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute and urges States, intergovernmental organizations and other bodies to make voluntary financial contributions to the University’s Endowment Fund.” The University’s connection to the United Nations family, and unique relationship with IMO, are invaluable assets that are only offered by WMU.
The impact of WMU has been immense since its inauguration in 1983. With an international presence and a global reach, there are 6,087 graduates from 170 countries and territories. WMU continues to build maritime and ocean capacity and expertise taking into account the UN Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) 2030.
MESSAGE FROM THE CHANCELLOR
WMU’s outstanding achievements in maritime and oceans education, research and capacity development significantly contributes to the global maritime and oceans community, including the work of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). WMU's milestone celebration in 2023, marking four decades of dedication to capacity development, education and research in service of the maritime sector, is a testament to its enduring commitment and impact. WMU continues to innovate and thrive through the expansion of the curriculum to include MSc specializations in China, the introduction of online education, and the provision of doctoral programmes and advanced maritime and oceans research.
During 2023, WMU’s global network of experts expanded significantly, with an impressive cohort of graduates from the various programmes. A total of 286 graduates joined WMU's alumni community, ready to contribute their expertise and knowledge to the maritime and ocean sectors worldwide. The University continues its efforts to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women in support of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5). Notably, the Class of 2023 includes a record number of nine PhD graduates, of which seven are women. Overall, 36 percent of the Class of 2023 graduates were female. The overall number of WMU graduates has reached 6,087
WMU’S OUTSTANDING ACHIEVEMENTS IN MARITIME AND OCEANS EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT SIGNIFICANTLY CONTRIBUTES TO THE GLOBAL MARITIME AND OCEANS COMMUNITY, INCLUDING THE WORK OF THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION (IMO). WMU'S MILESTONE CELEBRATION IN 2023, MARKING FOUR DECADES OF DEDICATION TO CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION AND RESEARCH IN SERVICE OF THEMARITIME SECTOR, IS A TESTAMENT TO ITS ENDURING COMMITMENT AND IMPACT.
representing 170 countries and territories. This diverse alumni network embodies the values of collaboration and knowledge sharing championed by the United Nations, reflecting WMU's global impact and its dedication to fostering international cooperation.
On 5 December 2023, the United Nations General Assembly, for the 14th consecutive year, recognized through a UN Resolution, the importance of WMU as a centre of excellence for maritime education, research and capacity development and called on intergovernmental organizations and other bodies to make voluntary financial contributions to the University’s Endowment Fund. Support from the broader maritime and oceans community is crucial to ensuring the continued success and sustainability of WMU and its mission to educate future maritime leaders, in support of SDG 4 on Quality Education.
I am grateful to all the donors, organizations, and institutions that have generously supported WMU in fulfilling its global mission. In particular, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to those who have provided fellowships for the Class of 2023, as well as the numerous governments and private-sector organizations that have sponsored their employees to pursue education and training at WMU. I extend special thanks to the Government of Sweden and the host City of Malmö for their deeply valued partnership and support of WMU since its establishment in 1983.
Mr. Arsenio Dominguez WMU Chancellor and Secretary-General, International Maritime Organization
In 2023, Dr. Cleopatra Doumbia-Henry concluded eight years of service as President of the University. Her tenure was hallmarked by an unwavering dedication to advancing the University and leading it successfully through challenging times during the COVID-19 pandemic. At the close of June, Professor Maximo Q. Mejia, Jr. assumed the role of President. Professor Mejia is the first WMU alumnus to serve as President, and he holds the distinction of being the first WMU President from Asia. President Mejia brings with him a wealth of experience, expertise, and a deep understanding of the University's values and mission. I am confident he will
build upon the strong foundation laid by his predecessors, further advancing WMU's reputation as a centre of excellence.
As Chancellor, I look forward to working with President Mejia, the Board of Governors, Executive Board, Faculty and staff to build on the success of the University. With the collective support of the wider maritime and oceans community, we will ensure that WMU is an academic think tank, and that it continues to thrive and make meaningful contributions to the advancement of maritime and ocean affairs."
MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT
In my capacity as President of the World Maritime University, I am honored to report on our remarkable activities and achievements in 2023, our 40th anniversary year. I have a long association with WMU since obtaining my MSc in 1994, and successively joining the faculty in 1998. I have witnessed firsthand the last three decades of remarkable growth, and successive impact, of this stellar institution on the individuals whom we educate and, in turn, the global maritime and oceans community as a whole. The influence and contributions of the University extend far beyond its walls, influencing policies, practices, and perceptions worldwide.
In this milestone anniversary year, 2023, the University was pleased to welcome the WMU community to join the WMU@40 Conference on Maritime and Ocean Sustainability in June. This momentous occasion marked four decades of dedication to capacity development, education, and research in service of the maritime and oceans community. The event brought together esteemed speakers, guests, and participants from around the world, many of whom are proud WMU alumni, contributing to a brighter future, particularly in the realm of maritime and ocean sustainability.
After four decades of capacity development, the impact of the WMU global alumni network is profound and far-reaching.
I HAVE WITNESSED FIRSTHAND THE LAST THREE DECADES OF REMARKABLE GROWTH, AND SUCCESSIVE IMPACT, OF THIS STELLAR INSTITUTION ON THE INDIVIDUALS WHOM WE EDUCATE AND, IN TURN, THE GLOBAL MARITIME AND OCEANS COMMUNITY AS A WHOLE. THE INFLUENCE AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY EXTEND FAR BEYOND ITS WALLS, INFLUENCING POLICIES, PRACTICES, AND PERCEPTIONS WORLDWIDE.
WMU alumni, through their leadership roles within the maritime and oceans sphere, are driving positive change at national, regional, and global levels towards a safe, secure, sustainable, and efficient maritime and oceans future. The WMU community continued to grow in 2023 with record enrollment in the MSc specialization in Maritime Affairs Maritime Safety and Environmental Management (MSEM) in Dalian, China. Additionally, the Malmö MSc class welcomed 130 students from 48 countries, with a notable enrollment of 40 percent women, signaling progress towards gender equality within the maritime education sector. We remain committed to advancing gender equality across all programmes until consistent gender parity is achieved.
In 2023, WMU continued its commitment to research excellence with 30 ongoing research projects and consultancies. These endeavors covered a wide range of maritime and ocean-related topics, addressing pressing issues and advancing knowledge in the field. Notable highlights include the release of the Transport 2040 – Impact of Technology on Seafarers – The Future of Work Report, funded by the International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) and providing valuable insights into the implications of future ship technologies on seafarers and the maritime workforce. In the area of maritime decarbonization, the Concepts of Ammonia/Hydrogen Engines for Marine
Professor Maximo Q. Mejia, Jr. President WMU Class of 1994
Applications (CAHEMA) project concluded in 2023 with WMU making significant progress in developing the foundations of the Life-Cycle Assessment of the alternative fuels Hydrogen and Ammonia for marine applications. Notable new research projects in 2023 include Addressing Zero Emission of Domestic Passenger Ships in the Republic of Korea, and a Baseline Training Framework for Seafarers in Decarbonization in collaboration with IMO as part of the Maritime Just Transition Taskforce. As part of the Horizon Europe SEANERGY project, WMU hosted the “MARPOL at 50 – our commitment goes on: Maritime Decarbonization,“ seminar. Overall, WMU's research efforts in 2023 demonstrate dedication to advancing knowledge, fostering innovation, and addressing critical issues facing the maritime and oceans sector.
In collaboration with the International Maritime Organization (IMO), four e-learning courses were launched in 2023 through WMU’s E-Learning Solutions. These courses cover a range of important topics in the maritime industry and aim to provide accessible and high-quality education to stakeholders worldwide. Additional courses were commissioned in 2023 and are expected to be launched in 2024. WMU's support to IMO in shaping the e-learning strategy exemplifies our commitment to excellence in maritime education, and dedication to serving the needs of Member States in an ever-evolving global landscape.
The WMU-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute (GOI) continued in 2023 to advance the University’s commitment to Goal 14, focused on life below water. Members of the GOI were actively involved in intergovernmental negotiations, notably participating in the final sessions of the Intergovernmental Conference on an international legally binding instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ) at the United Nations Headquarters. Additionally, GOI colleagues contributed to the UNEA Intergovernmental Negotiation Committee aimed at developing a legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment. In collaboration with the IMO, in 2023 WMU launched the proceedings for the joint IMO-WMU conference on Protecting the Ocean –Moving forward at 50: London Convention & Stockholm Declaration. Furthermore, the GOI facilitated the Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) on the High Seas Workshop in Costa Rica, and coordinated a workshop in St. Lucia on Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) that was followed by a High-Level Roundtable Event. Research also progressed in the PhD scholarship and Post-Doctoral fellowship programme associated with the GOI. Through these multidimensional efforts,
the GOI continues to serve as a hub for collaborative research, capacity development, and policy advocacy, contributing to the achievement of sustainable ocean governance and the conservation of marine ecosystems.
In addition to the milestone WMU@40 anniversary conference, WMU hosted the Nordic Maritime Transport and Energy Research Programme (NMTERP) conference on Decarbonization of the Nordic Maritime Industry. Furthermore, new offerings were introduced in our Summer Academy including courses on International Maritime Law, and Contemporary Issues in Ports. These opportunities, in addition to our Executive Education for Professional Excellence programme on Maritime Administration, provided valuable opportunities in 2023 for professionals to enhance their knowledge and skills in specialized areas of maritime governance, regulation, and operations.
On behalf of the University, I extend sincere gratitude to the Government of Sweden and the City of Malmö for their continued support and generosity over the past four decades. As the hosts of WMU, their steadfast commitment has been instrumental in enabling the University to achieve, and ultimately exceed, its mission and make a lasting impact on the maritime and oceans domain. As WMU continues to expand its initiatives and advance its mission, the support of stakeholders becomes increasingly crucial. Initiatives such as the Stewards of the Sea campaign, aimed at supporting the WMU Endowment Fund, are essential for ensuring the University's long-term sustainability and ability to educate future maritime and oceans leaders. By investing in WMU's future, stakeholders contribute to the education of individuals who will champion a sustainable future for generations to come. Collectively, we can safeguard WMU's legacy and ensure that it continues to make invaluable contributions to the maritime and oceans domain, advancing knowledge, fostering innovation, and shaping a more sustainable future for all.
As we reflect on the achievements in 2023, it is evident that WMU continues to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of the maritime industry and promoting sustainability and resilience in the face of evolving challenges. From innovative research projects to educational initiatives and collaborative partnerships, WMU's impact is felt across the world. As we look ahead, I call upon the extended community of maritime and oceans stakeholders to join us in supporting WMU's capacity development mission. Together, we have the power to nurture future leaders who will navigate the complexities of tomorrow's maritime landscape, while fostering sustainability and resilience for the benefit of all.
2023 HIGHLIGHTS
January
February
Marine Casualty Investigation Course
Delivered in Collaboration with IMO
From 9–13 January, the first Foundation Course on Marine Casualty Investigation for IMO member States was delivered by WMU in Bangkok, Thailand.
April
Lloyd's Register Foundation Fellowships Grant
In January, WMU received a new grant providing £385,000 in fellowship funding from Lloyd’s Register Foundation. The grant will fund two full fellowships per year for the intakes of 2023, 2024 and 2025 to the Malmö MSc in Maritime Affairs.
Marine Biofouling E-Learning Course in Cooperation with IMO
On 1 February, the IMO launched a new e-learning course, "Introduction to Marine Biofouling: Impacts and Management of Risks" developed under the GEF-UNDPIMO GloFouling Partnerships project in collaboration with WMU.
May
Contribution to Negotiation of Historic BBNJ Agreement
The WMU scholarly community supported the negotiation of the agreed text of the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement, concluded in March, through various stages of the negotiation process at UNHQ over six years.
Henrik Smith Student Residence Upgrade
In April it was announced that WMU and the IMO International Maritime Law Institute (IMLI) would benefit from an injection of funding to the IMO’s multi-donor Voyage Together Trust Fund (VTTF) for the refurbishment of accommodation facilities at the two institutions.
June
Conference on Ammonia and Hydrogen as Maritime Fuels
On 3–4 May, WMU hosted The Nordic Maritime Transport and Energy Research Programme (NMTERP) conference on Decarbonization of the Nordic Maritime Industry.
Nor-Shipping Ocean Campus
From 6–9 June, WMU participated in NorShipping as the lead partner for the Ocean Campus initiative and hosted a side event on Maritime Energy Transition: The Role of Education, Capacity Development and Research in Maritime Decarbonization.
Philippines Alumni Contribution
On the occasion of the 40th Anniversary, the WMU Philippines Alumni Association (WMUPAA) presented a donation to the Endowment Fund in appreciation of the high-quality education WMU has provided to students from the Philippines and numerous developing countries.
Blue Economy High-Level Engagement and Marine Spatial Training for the Eastern Caribbean Region
From 3–5 April, the WMU-Sasakawa
Global Ocean Institute convened a workshop in St. Lucia on Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) that was followed by a High-Level Roundtable Event.
Record Enrolment Dalian
On 2 June, the MSc in Maritime Affairs specialization in Maritime Safety and Environmental Management (MSEM), offered in partnership with Dalian Maritime University, set a new enrolment record for the programme with a total of 55 students, all from China.
40th Anniversary Conference
The WMU@40 Conference on Maritime and Ocean Sustainability took place in Malmö 20–22 June, to celebrate four decades of achievement in capacity development, education and research in service of the maritime community.
Maritime Transport in 2040
On 26 June, the International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) and WMU launched the Transport 2040 – Impact of Technology on Seafarers – The Future of Work Report that looks in-depth at maritime issues related to future ship technologies.
August
September
October
New WMU President
On 29 June, Professor Maximo Q. Mejia, Jr. assumed office as the eighth President of WMU. Professor Mejia is the first President from Asia and the first President who is a graduate of WMU.
July
Summer Academy and EPEx
The second annual WMU Summer Academy commenced in August with Maritime Decarbonization. Successive offerings included International Maritime Law, and Current Issues in Ports and Terminals, as well as the Education for Professional Excellence (EPEx) programme in Maritime Administration.
Class of 2024 Inauguration, Malmö
Inauguration of the Class of 2024 in the Malmö MSc in Maritime Affairs, took place on 18 September. The Class includes 130 students from 48 countries with a record enrolment of 52 women comprising 40 percent of the intake.
E-learning Training for Auditors Under the IMO Member State Audit Scheme
On 23 October, a new e-learning course, Training for Auditors under the IMO Member State Audit Scheme, was launched as part of the IMO-WMU e-Learning pilot project that utilizes technology to broaden access to maritime education and training.
Record PhD Graduates
At the 2023 WMU Graduation Ceremony on 28 October, a record number of nine candidates were awarded the Doctor of Philosophy in Maritime Affairs. The graduates also represent a record in terms of gender with 7 out of 9 being women, also with a record contingent from the Caribbean Region.
New WMU Chancellor
On 30 November, Mr Arsenio Dominguez was confirmed as the next IMO SecretaryGeneral, and thus would become the next Chancellor of the University upon his assumption of the role of IMO SecretaryGeneral on 1 January 2024.
China Graduation Ceremonies
Graduation ceremonies were held on 29 and 30 July for the MSc programmes in Dalian and Shanghai respectively for 79 students overall. A total of 1,240 students have graduated from the China programmes since they were founded in 2005.
MARPOL Seminar on Maritime Decarbonization
From 30 to 31 August, WMU hosted the “MARPOL at 50 – our commitment goes on: Maritime Decarbonization,“ seminar in Malmö as part of the Horizon Europe SEANERGY project.
Maritime Single Window E-Learning Course in Cooperation with IMO
On 15 September, the IMO launched a new e-learning course on Maritime Single Window Implementation in collaboration with WMU under the IMO’s integrated Technical Cooperation Programme (ITCP).
November
December
Malmö Graduation Ceremony
On 28 October, the Class of 2023 graduation ceremony was held in Malmö, bringing the total number of graduates to 6,087 from 170 countries and territories. The WMU Class of 2023 includes 283 graduates from 71 countries, and sets a record of 99 women graduates at 35 percent.
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas on the High Seas Workshop
From 13 to 15 November, WMU delivered a workshop in Costa Rica on Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) on the High Seas in partnership with the IMO and in collaboration with the Sargasso Sea Commission and MarViva.
UN General Assembly Continues to Recognize Important Role of WMU
On 5 December, the UNGA continued for the 14th consecutive year, to recognize the importance of WMU as a centre of excellence for maritime education, research and capacity development.
GOVERNANCE AND LEADERSHIP
WMU IS GOVERNED BY A CHARTER ADOPTED BY THE IMO ASSEMBLY, WHICH IS MADE UP OF DELEGATIONS FROM 176 IMO MEMBER STATES AND 3 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS.
THE WMU REVISED
CHARTER,
ADOPTED BY THE 30TH SESSION OF THE IMO ASSEMBLY IN DECEMBER 2017, SETS THE COURSE FOR THE NEXT DECADE.
In accordance with the Charter, WMU’s governance structure consists of a Board of Governors (BoG) and an Executive Board (EB). The IMO Secretary-General is the WMU ex-officio Chancellor. The President directs and administers the University.
The BoG meets once a year and is responsible for exercising due governance of the University, ensuring the effectiveness and continuity of its operations, protecting the autonomous nature of the University within the framework of the IMO, and ensuring the maintenance of the highest academic and professional standards.
The BoG is chaired by the Chancellor and composed of up to 30 members who are appointed by the IMO Secretary-General for a renewable period of three years. Reports approved by the BoG are submitted to the IMO Council. The Chairperson of the EB and the WMU President attend meetings of the BoG as well as the ex officio members from the IMO, the Government of Sweden and the City of Malmö.
The EB meets three times a year and consists of up to 11 members. The Chair is appointed by the IMO Secretary-General. Up to 8 members with renewable two-year terms of office are appointed by the BoG. One ex officio member is appointed by the IMO Secretary-General to represent the IMO and one ex officio member is appointed by the Government of Sweden to represent the host country.
In addition to performing functions specified in the Charter, the EB facilitates the work of the University, provides oversight between sessions of the BoG, monitors the implementation of the decisions of the BoG and gives directions and guidance as necessary.
The President is appointed by the SecretaryGeneral of the IMO to direct and administer the University, in accordance with the University’s Statutes, Regulations and Rules, strategic directions and plans. The President presides over the Academic Council, which assists in the coordination, promotion and implementation of the academic work programme of the University. The President is assisted by the Vice President International, the Vice President Academic, Director of the WMU – Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute and the Chief Operations Officer.
WITH
AN AVERAGE AGE OF 35,
WMU STUDENTS
ARE MID-CAREER PROFESSIONALS FROM ACROSS THE BROAD SPECTRUM OF MARITIME OCCUPATIONS.
Each year, across all programmes, around 80 countries are represented. Since 2016, more than 30 percent of the students in Malmö are female and our MSc specializations in China have both reached gender parity. The University continually pursues efforts to increase the number of women enrolled in all programmes. The Malmö MSc set a record enrolment of women in 2023 at 40 percent of the intake
OUR ALUMNI WITH 6,087 ALUMNI FROM 170 COUNTRIES & TERRITORIES, WMU HAS A REMARKABLE PRESENCE IN THE MARITIME SECTOR.
WMU alumni assume positions of prominence around the world such as Prime Minister, ministers, senior maritime officials, directors of shipping companies and ports, and as heads of maritime academies and naval organizations. They hold prominent positions within UN organizations including serving as Secretary-General of the IMO, and many represent their home countries at the IMO and in international forums and organizations. The alumni maintain close ties with each other creating a unique maritime global network that increases by ~350 graduates annually.
AS OF 2023, THE TOTAL NUMBER OF FEMALE GRADUATES IS 1,396 INCLUDING 799 FEMALE GRADUATES OF THE MALMÖ MSC PROGRAMME.
OUR PROGRAMMES
PhD in Maritime Affairs – Malmö, Sweden
Designed as a flexible research degree related to the IMO mission of safety, security and environmental protection, the PhD programme involves 3–6 years of study on a full or part-time basis at WMU or elsewhere. PhD students are either self-funded or supported by research projects. The PhD programme provides the University with both an income stream from tuition fees and significantly increases its publication and citation listings.
Doctoral research at WMU falls mainly within one of the following Research Priority Areas (RPAs):
• Environmental Impacts of Marine Activities
• Maritime and Marine Technology and Innovation
• Maritime Economics and Business
• Maritime Energy Management
• Maritime Law, Policy and Governance
• Maritime Safety
• Maritime Social and Labour Governance
In addition to the above RPAs, the WMU–Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute carries out and coordinates research in line with its vision to act as a world-leading focal point for the ocean science–policy–law–industry–society interface where policy makers, the scientific community, regulators, industry actors, academics, and representatives of civil society meet to discuss how best to manage and use ocean spaces and their resources in accordance with the UN SDGs. Through evidence–based research, the Institute seeks to provide new perspectives on how to address the manifold threats facing the ocean.
MSc in Maritime Affairs – Malmö, Sweden
In 2023, student enrolment was 129 on the flagship Malmö-based MSc programme. The proportion of MSc students in Malmö who are funded by their employer, government, or from personal resources is an indicator of the University’s financial health. In 2023, four students (3%) were self-funded.
The Malmö MSc programme is designed for mid-career maritime professionals to meet the current needs of the maritime sector. The first term of the standard 14–month programme includes research methodology and lays the foundation for successful graduate studies.
The accelerated 10–month programme begins in the second specialization term that integrates academic subjects with real–world applications through the field study programme and visiting lecturers from the maritime and ocean sector. In the final term, students develop rigorous skills of theoretical and applied research, analysis and writing through in-depth study of a chosen subject or problem leading to authorship of a dissertation at Master’s level.
The MSc programme in Malmö offers seven specializations:
• Maritime Safety & Environmental Administration
• Maritime Law & Policy
• Maritime Education & Training
• Port Management
• Shipping Management & Logistics
• Maritime Energy Management
• Ocean Sustainability, Governance & Management
In 2023 there were 79 Visiting Lecturers from around the world that contributed to the programmes at WMU. These visiting maritime professionals provide unique and invaluable insight into the maritime industry and are a guarantor for practice-informed research and teaching at the University.
MSc Outreach in China
Established in 2005, the outreach MSc in Maritime Affairs programmes in China were designed to extend WMU’s professional education to a new and thriving clientele from the region and beyond, and to meet the maritime industry’s demand for high–level specialized professionals in China’s maritime market. The International Transport & Logistics (ITL) specialization is delivered in Shanghai in cooperation with Shanghai Maritime University. The Maritime Safety & Environmental Management (MSEM) specialization is delivered in Dalian in cooperation with Dalian Maritime University. The 14–month intensive programmes are taught entirely in English and the entry requirements, grading system and quality assurance process are those in force at WMU.
In 2023, enrolment in the two programmes remained relatively steady with 79 students in the two programmes. In the Shanghai programme enrolment was 24 and 41 per cent being female students. The Dalian programme enrolment was 55 setting a new enrolment record that exceeds the previous year's record of 52 students. The 2023 graduation ceremony took place in Shanghai and Dalian, China on 29 and 30 July respectively. This marked the first fully inperson graduation ceremony since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
MPhil
In 2017, WMU and the International Maritime Law Institute (IMLI), sister institutions founded by the IMO, welcomed the first student in the Master of Philosophy (MPhil) programme in International Maritime Law and Ocean Policy. The unique, two–year programme offers students the chance to spend their first academic year in Malmö, following WMU’s specialization in Ocean Sustainability, Governance and Management (OSGM), and the second academic year in Malta, following IMLI’s LLM programme. The MPhil has been designed to provide a unique learning opportunity for maritime professionals who aim to shape the future of the world’s oceans in accordance with Goal 14 of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Graduates of the programme are expected to play an important role in developing national ocean governance policies to reflect the latest international initiatives, rules and regulations. One student graduated from the programme in 2023 and there was one new enrolment.
Professional Education
WMU collaborates with internationally renowned partners to deliver a variety of distance learning programmes including an LLM and four Postgraduate Diplomas.
Three of the programmes are offered in partnership with either Lloyd’s Maritime Academy or DNV Maritime Academy. These programmes address current topics of critical importance in the maritime industry with a blended-learning approach. The distance learning programmes offered in 2023 by WMU and our partners included:
Masters Degree
LLM in International Maritime Law*
Postgraduate Diplomas
Maritime Energy
Marine Insurance Law and Practice
International Maritime Law*
Executive Maritime Management**
*in partnership with Lloyd’s Maritime Academy **in partnership with DNV’s Maritime Academy
Executive and Professional Development Courses
WMU delivers Executive and Professional Development Courses (EPDCs) around the world, providing an opportunity for mid–career updating and knowledge–sharing for maritime professionals. EPDCs range in length from a few days to several weeks and the blend of academic expertise and hands–on practical experience can be immediately applied in the workplace. Topics addressed meet current and future needs of the maritime market, particularly in key IMO-mandated areas. EPDCs can be customized to meet the educational requirements of a particular organization.
WMU’s EPDC activities continued in 2023. Three EPDCs on Seafarer Health and Wellbeing were conducted for Gesellschaft für Oeltransporte mbH (GEFO) with a total of 92 participants over 4.5 training days and 18 training hours. In addition, WMU collaborated with the IMO on the delivery of two Introduction to the National Maritime Transport Policy (NMTP) workshops with a total of 95 participants over 6 days and 26 training hours. The first delivery took place in Belize for the Belize Port Authority, and the second for the IMO International Maritime Law Institute (IMLI) in Malta.
English & Study Skills Programme (ESSP) – Malmö, Sweden
Open to students joining WMU’s standard MSc programme, or to independent students, the 3–month English & Study Skills Programme (ESSP) curriculum is designed to upgrade the English language competencies of the participants to postgraduate level. The programme begins in June annually. In 2023, all students enroled in ESSP continued on to the Malmö MSc programme.
RESEARCH
The WMU Maritime Research Agenda and the Global Ocean Research Agenda are integral components of the WMU Strategic Plan 2024–2027. WMU undertakes research work for the IMO and other UN agencies, the EU and for maritime and ocean organizations and the industry worldwide. WMU has twelve Research Priority Areas.
Maritime Research Priority Areas
• Environmental Impact of Maritime Activities
• Maritime Safety
• Maritime Energy Management
• Maritime Social and Labour Governance
• Maritime and Marine Technology and Innovation
• Maritime Economics and Business
• Maritime Law, Policy & Governance
Ocean Research Priority Areas
• Navigational Right & Freedoms
• Deep Blue: Capacity Development & Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
• Oceans, Climate Action & the UN 2030 Agenda
• Blue Limits: Spatial Governance of Ocean Space & the Ocean/Coastal/ Terrestrial Interface
• Challenges in Ocean Governance
In 2023, WMU continued to successfully attract funding from a number of sources for research projects and consultancies. These projects generate significant gross income for WMU and enable the recruitment of research associates and research assistants whose employment costs are met from research contracts. As a result of the research efforts, the University contributes valuable knowledge to the maritime and ocean communities, and also benefits from an enhanced publication record, reputation and global impact. In 2023, there were 33 ongoing WMU research projects and consultancies that generated revenue worth USD 2.8 million. Highlights of maritime and ocean research in 2023 include the following:
ITF Transport 2040 – Phase II
In 2023, the Transport 2040 – Future of Work, Phase II project, funded by the International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF), concluded. On 26 June, the culminating, flagship report entitled, Transport 2040 – Impact of Technology on
Seafarers – The Future of Work was launched during the Shaping the Future of Shipping event in Manila, Philippines. The research results provide an in-depth exploration of a number of maritime issues related to future ship technologies, including automation, and seeks to qualify the probable impact on seafarers. Key findings include a Technology Road Map that offers comprehensive insights into future shipping technologies and their evolution in the maritime industry, looking primarily at automation and the technology transition. Divided into short, medium and long-term expectation horizons, the Technology Road Map covers industry trends within main and subtechnologies, including the relevant policies, opportunities and threats they respectively entail as reported by key stakeholders. According to the report, the technological transition in the maritime industry will affect seafarers differently depending on their profession, rank and job function. Seafarer skill foresights are presented in alignment with the Technology Road Map, taking into consideration a wider scope of technological developments within smart, MASS and green shipping that will affect the future of work at sea. Findings include that upskilling and reskilling are important interventions in support of seafarers in light of the rapid change their working environment is set to undergo due to the advancement of smart and green technologies.
CAHEMA
Concepts of Ammonia/Hydrogen Engines for Marine Applications (CAHEMA) investigates innovative injection and combustion strategies using ammonia and hydrogen in combination, to achieve Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) and Direct-injection dual fuel stratification (DDFS) with these fuels. Concluding in 2023, the two-year project combines advanced computational models and experimental techniques to develop these engine concepts, and assesses the potential environmental, economic and regulatory impacts. The project consortium was led by Lund University (Sweden) and included DTU (Denmark), NTNU (Norway), and Aalto University (Finland) along with MAN Energy Solutions, (Denmark), and Wärtsilä (Finland) as well as two of the world’s leading shipping companies (FORSEA and Stolt Tankers). WMU’s work included conducting life-cycle assessments of the technologies, communicating project results and evaluating
the environmental and socio-economic impact of these new fuels. The project was jointly funded by Nordic Energy Research and several national funding institutions, comprising Business Finland, the Norwegian Research Council, and the Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket). It was aimed at addressing IMO’s objective of fully decarbonizing international shipping before the end of the century. WMU made significant progress in developing the foundations of the Life-Cycle Assessment of the alternative fuels Hydrogen and Ammonia for marine applications. The project concluded in March of 2023 and a final seminar for CAHEMA, and two related Nordic Energy Research projects, was held at WMU in May 2023.
Addressing Zero Emission of Domestic Passenger Ships in the Republic of Korea
With funding from the Korean Maritime Institute (KMI), in April of 2023, WMU began a three-year project aimed at improving the energy efficiency and the pathway for "zero emission" domestic shipping in the Republic of Korea. The project takes a holistic, systematic and transdisciplinary approach with consideration of the participation of all relevant stakeholders for decarbonization of the domestic fleet in the Republic of Korea.
Baseline Training Framework for Seafarers in Decarbonization
A new, 18-month project began in November 2023 with IMO as part of the Maritime Just Transition Taskforce. The project focuses on the development of a “Training Framework” including training material and instructors’ handbook for training seafarers, and targeted shore-based personnel in order to contribute to maritime decarbonization through maritime education and training. The Project also includes the delivery of initial train-the-trainer courses in the safe use of three emerging alternative fuels (i.e., ammonia, hydrogen and methanol) at WMU as well as the MTCC Asia.
EMSA Projects Continue
In 2023, WMU continued work on consultancy and research projects for the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) resulting from operationalization of the Cooperation Agreement signed between WMU and EMSA in 2019 with a focus on matters of capacity development and research with particular emphasis on the design, development and delivery of joint training activities and modules falling under common areas of interest and research. The initial project in 2020 provided support to EMSA’s Academy by delivering customized education and training to support EMSA experts in maritime safety, security, environmental protection and pollution response. The second project delivered capacity development support for non-EU countries in the Mediterranean and the Black and Caspian Sea in areas related to
the implementation of IMO instruments. The third project, began in August 2022 and with a focus on the potential impact of COVID19 on shipping safety, including seafarers’ wellbeing and ship operations.
Literature Review on Comprehensive Impact Assessment of the Mid-term Measures
WMU contributed to advancing the efforts to reduce GHG emissions from ships and the decarbonization of international shipping through a literature review on the comprehensive impact assessment of the basket of mid-term measures approved by the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) at its 80th session in July of 2023. The WMU literature review will be considered by MEPC as its 81st session from 18–22 March 2024. The literature review provides a comprehensive analysis of contemporary fuel and technology transition pathways in the shipping industry. The review extends to an in-depth analysis of the determinants of maritime transport costs and the pass-through of compliance costs within the maritime supply chain. It also seeks to extract insights from existing assessments on the potential impacts of Greenhouse gas mitigation measures on shipping costs and, by extension, their alignment with the eight criteria identified in the 2023 International Maritime Organization GHG Strategy. Furthermore, it explores the existing literature on approaches to address the impacts on states, including strategies like avoidance, remedy, and mitigation, and delves into the utilization of revenues generated from GHG pricing mechanisms.
WMU-SASAKAWA GLOBAL OCEAN INSTITUTE
Implementing the Ocean Agenda
The WMU-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute (GOI), inaugurated in 2018, continues to implement the WMU Ocean Research Agenda and Priorities Programme 2019–2023 with the generous support of The Nippon Foundation, together with the Governments of Sweden, Canada, and Germany, as well as the City of Malmö. The GOI undertakes challenge-led and evidence-based research, as well as educational and capacity development activities, with a particular focus on the implementation of Goal 14 (Life Below Water), as well as multiple interconnecting goals, including Goal 5 (Gender Equality) and Goal 13 (Climate Action) under the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
In 2023, the GOI progressed exceptionally well and key highlights include:
Realizing Networks
A strong network of partners is a critical element of the GOI's transformative work. During 2023, the GOI team continued its engagements with key partners and stakeholders. In Sweden, these included Sweden's Ocean Ambassador and Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Development Agency, the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management (SwAM), and the City of Malmö, including local schools for youth engagement and capacity development. International collaboration included multiple UN agencies and partners including the Division of Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (DOALOS) at UNHQ, international and regional organizations, academic institutions, non-governmental organizations, and civil society. The GOI hosted or co-hosted 27 events, including international conferences, webinars, and programme events, held several capacity development workshops and activities, and contributed to more than 60 international events within the ocean's realm.
Impact and Research
Several GOI members were actively involved in intergovernmental negotiations, in particular the Intergovernmental Conference on an international legally binding instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ) at its final sessions at UNHQ, as well as the UNEA Intergovernmental Negotiation Committee aimed at developing a legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment.
From 3–5 April, the GOI convened a workshop in St. Lucia on Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) that was followed by a High-Level Roundtable Event. The MSP training on Blue Planning in Practice was attended by the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) Ocean Governance Team. Following the workshop, the WMU and OECS Roundtable Event brought together Ministers and senior government officials to discuss the topic of “Transitioning to a Model Blue Economy Region – Engagement, Acceleration, Impact”.
In June, the GOI convened one of the panels for the “WMU@40: Conference on Maritime & Ocean Sustainability” held in Malmö, celebrating WMU's 40th anniversary. The panel titled “Protecting the Oceans Beyond National Jurisdiction” discussed the successful conclusion of the BBNJ Agreement and the importance of capacity development for the successful implementation of this international framework for employing areabased management tools, including marine protected areas, to protect at least 30 percent of the world’s oceans by 2030.
In 2023 the GOI launched the proceedings for the joint IMO-WMU conference “Protecting the Ocean – Moving forward at 50: London Convention & Stockholm Declaration”, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the two frameworks. This landmark publication was produced in collaboration with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and was launched at a ceremony at IMO Headquarters in London.
Also in collaboration with the IMO, the GOI hosted the Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) on the High Seas Workshop in Costa Rica from 13–17 November 2023. The workshop aimed to develop technical knowledge of the various measures taken by the IMO to address threats posed by international shipping, particularly regarding preparing and submitting a PSSA proposal to the IMO using the focal sites of the Thermal Dome and the Sargasso Sea. The workshop was delivered to representatives of maritime authorities from North and Central America, France, Ireland, Sweden and the United Kingdom, and with the support of MarViva, Global Environment Facility (GEF), and the Sargasso Sea Commission.
The Empowering Women for the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Programme continued to make great strides to promote female leadership in ocean science. In December, the Co-Principal Investigator for this programme launched the report “Scaling up actions to empower women for the ocean decade – Joint 2022 United Nations Ocean Conference Side Events Report” to the audience at the 2023 UNFCCC Climate COP28, held in Dubai. Also, during the year, WMU signed an MoU with the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) for collaboration in activities related to gender equality and empowerment of women.
During 2023, the GOI team published 46 international scholarly outputs, including 29 peer-reviewed journal articles, ten scholarly book chapters, and four books concerning ocean and maritime affairs.
Education and Capacity Development
To further the Ocean Agenda and build capacity, in 2023, the GOI contributed to WMU’s PhD scholarship and Post-Doctoral fellowship programmes, including:
Land-to-Ocean Leadership Programme
This PhD research programme explored the potential for joint action between ocean, freshwater, and land-based communities. Although the programme reached its conclusion at the end of 2022 the team had 12 more academic publications during 2023.
Empowering Women in the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Programme
This PhD, post-doctoral research and capacity development programme aims to advance an alternative, inclusive model for the sustainable governance of ocean spaces and maritime activities, taking into account the need to ensure effective gender equality and the empowerment of women at all levels. The programme is endorsed as a Decade Action to the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030). In 2023, it saw the graduation of its first PhD candidate, a landmark for the programme funded by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). The Post-Doctoral Fellow, acting as a member of the Group of Experts established by the United Nations General Assembly as an integral part of the Regular Process, has been elected as the convener to lead the Chapter on Gender under the World Ocean Assessment III. One of the PhD candidates has also been accepted as a member of the Pool of Experts to contribute to this chapter as an author.
European Union H2020 BugWright2 Project
The GOI is part of the consortium, funded by the European Horizon 2020 Project “Autonomous Robotic Inspection and
Maintenance on Ship Hulls,” with GOI research examining governance and regulatory barriers for service robotics in an ocean industry context. In 2023, the team published three books, two scholarly book chapters, two peer reviewed articles, received a high commendation from the European Commission, and participated in nine international training sessions and conferences.
Closing the Circle Programme: Marine Debris, Sargassum and Marine Spatial Planning
This PhD research programme focuses on exploring challenges and advancing potential solutions concerning marine debris, Sargassum threats, and marine spatial planning (MSP) in Small Island Developing States, with a particular focus on the Eastern Caribbean region. It is generously funded by the Nippon Foundation. In 2023, the programme graduated all four PhD candidates, marking a historical achievement. All four newly graduated PhDs were able to present and participate in the 76th Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute conference held at The Bahamas 6–10 November. Two of the doctoral graduates were also chosen to join the UNDOALOS Pool of Experts for the third cycle of the World Ocean Assessment, a testament to the impact of their research. In addition, the team was actively involved in the negotiations of the International Treaty on Plastics in the Marine Environment and published 15 peer-reviewed journal articles. It is of note that a PhD candidate under the Closing the Circle programme published in Scientific Reports Nature.com, as lead author, some of her research findings on spatiotemporal analyses of sargassum influx events in Barbados.
The GOI has also continued to contribute to the Ocean Sustainability, Governance & Management (OSGM) specialization in the Malmö MSc programme by providing expert lecturers on a wide range of topics, including Ocean Governance and Multilateral Diplomacy, scientific findings of the GOI BUGWRIGHT2 and Closing the Circle programmes, as well as supervising dissertations and participating in field studies.
EXECUTIVE AND PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION (EPE X )
From 18 to 29 September, WMU held the second annual Education for Professional Excellence (EPEx) programme focused on Maritime Administration. Offered as two, one-week modules, the programme provided an academic offering to professionals in the maritime and ocean sectors and was specifically designed to equip individuals with specialized knowledge and insight for optimal success in Maritime Affairs.
Safe, secure, environmentally friendly, and efficient transport of the world’s goods requires a robust international legal and regulatory framework. Without a common, universal framework, the world’s ships would have to navigate through a maze of differing and potentially conflicting national laws and requirements. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is the UN specialized agency with responsibility for the development, adoption, and updating of treaties, conventions, standards, and other legislation that comprise this framework. Other UN organizations, such as the International Labour Organization (ILO), also contribute to this framework.
In total, 20 participants from 16 countries joined the programme that featured high level speakers from the International Maritime Organization (IMO), Swedish Transport Agency, Danish Maritime
SUMMER ACADEMY
Launched in 2022, the WMU Summer Academy provides a unique opportunity for participants to gather and share knowledge, as well as collaborate on potential solutions that will directly benefit the maritime industry. Each year, multiple one-week programmes offer the opportunity for participants to focus on topics of current importance in the maritime and oceans sectors. Topics offered in 2023 included Maritime Decarbonization, International Maritime Law, and Current Issues in Ports and Terminals.
Delivered from 21–15 August by a team of WMU faculty and researchers, the Maritime Decarbonization programme included 14 participants from 11 countries. Incorporating
Authority (DMA), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA), International Organization of Airport & Seaport Police (INTERPORTPOLICE), as well as the former CEO of the Ghana Shippers Authority. The first module focused on Essentials of Maritime Administration, and the second on Maritime Administrations and International Organizations.
With its unique concentration of international maritime and ocean expertise and unparalleled network of alumni and visiting faculty, WMU is proud to offer the EPEx programme to equip key and senior maritime administration personnel with skills and knowledge at both basic and advanced levels. The EPEx portfolio offers short courses for government officials and industry professionals who wish to gain a deeper understanding of maritime and ocean topics through modules that employ a combination of classroom lectures, presentations, group work/interaction, expert panels, and simulation exercises. Through its educational offerings, WMU meets the needs and requirements of particular organizations and actively supports the commitment to UN Sustainable Development Goal 4: inclusive and equitable quality education and the promotion of lifelong learning opportunities for all.
a holistic approach to decarbonization by looking at regulatory, social, environmental, technological and economic challenges, the programme highlighted the complexity of the issues surrounding decarbonization of shipping while looking for solutions. Content included fundamental international regulations, technical aspects of ship design, future energy technologies including wind and solar power, and looked at the economic mechanisms that determine to a large extent the plausible pathways for decarbonization in the context of supply chain and financing.
The International Maritime Law programme was delivered from 28 August–01 September to 15 professionals from 15 different countries
who had the opportunity to learn from an impressive roster of guest lecturers in addition to WMU faculty. The programme introduced the realm of maritime claims in a wider context, including ship registration, marine insurance, decarbonization, salvage, and compulsory liability. Further, the curriculum extended to electronic transport documents in light of cyberthreats, the repercussions that will ensue for shipping from autonomous ships, and the impact of sanctions for shipping.
The Current Issues in Ports and Terminals Post-COVID-19 programme, delivered 11–15 September, brought together
E-LEARNING
21 professionals from 11 countries. Led by WMU faculty, researchers, and guest experts, the programme explored various aspects of port management, including resilience, sustainability, and automation. Through lectures, workshops, and a field trip to the Copenhagen Malmö Port, the participants gained valuable insights into successful port operations, logistics, and sustainable energy. The Johor Port Authority (LPJ) of Malaysia provided funds for seven WMU students to join the programme.
SOLUTIONS
Through WMU E-Learning Solutions, four courses were launched in 2023 as part of the IMO-WMU e-learning collaboration that utilizes educational technology to empower IMO’s capacity development projects and broaden access to maritime education and training for diverse learners worldwide. Courses launched in 2023 include an Introduction to Marine Biofouling: Management of Risks opened for public access in January, ISM Code (Spanish) in May, Implementation of the Maritime Single Window in September, and Training for Auditors under the IMO Member State Audit Scheme in October. During 2022–2023, the courses attracted more than 5,000 participants from 170 countries.
Additional courses that were commissioned in 2023 and are expected to be launched in 2024 include Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation (French), Marine Biofouling: Impacts and Management of Risks (Spanish), Ballast Water Management, Counter Illicit Wildlife Trafficking in Maritime Supply Chains, and London Protocol Implementation. WMU has supported IMO in shaping the e-learning strategy, employing a process-driven and results-oriented approach that enables IMO to address evolving education and training demands from the Member States. The pilot project facilitated the adoption of educational technology, empowering both institutions to respond to emerging learning needs.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES & EVENTS
WMU typically hosts and/or partners on several events annually. As the COVID-19 pandemic came to a close, WMU was able to offer more in-person events. Events hosted or co-hosted by WMU in 2023 include:
From 3–5 April, the WMU-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute convened a workshop on Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) in St. Lucia that was followed by a High-Level Roundtable Event.
On 3–4 May, WMU hosted the Nordic Maritime Transport and Energy Research Programme (NMTERP) conference on Decarbonization of the Nordic Maritime Industry.
As part of the Empowering Women for the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development programme, WMU hosted the Empowering Women Forum: Meet-and-Greet' on 23 May, organized by the Empowering Women Forum in collaboration with the Decade Coordination Unit (DCU) and the Decade Network.
The WMU-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute delivered two interactive workshops at the Ocean Race Stopover in Aarhus, Denmark, on 1–2 June. The activities were delivered in collaboration with the UN City School Services team based in Copenhagen, Denmark.
From 6–9 June, WMU participated in NorShipping as the lead partner for the Ocean Campus initiative. In addition to being an exhibitor, WMU hosted a side event on Maritime Energy Transition: The Role of Education, Capacity Development and Research in Maritime Decarbonization.
On 8 June, the WMU Empowering Women for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Programme collaborated with the Women Leadership in Marine Technology and Science to host Lunch and Panel on Women and the Ocean Decade as part of the OCEANS Limerick 2023 conference in Ireland.
To mark the University’s 40th anniversary, From 20–22 June, WMU hosted the WMU@40 Conference on Maritime and Ocean Sustainability to celebrate four decades of achievement in capacity development, education and research in service of the maritime community.
From 30 to 31 August, WMU hosted the “MARPOL at 50 – our commitment goes on: Maritime Decarbonization,“ seminar in Malmö as part of the Horizon Europe SEANERGY project.
On 20–21 September, the WMU-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute hosted a Seminar in Malmö, co-organized with Nordic Crisis Management, to support capacity development for Port Security Officers (PSO).
WMU co-sponsored, and took part in, the 46th Conference on Ocean Law and Policy (COLP) on "Safe, Secure, and Sustainable Shipping" in Istanbul, Türkiye.
On 4 October, WMU and the IMO launched the “Protecting the Ocean – Moving Forward at 50: London Convention/Protocol and Stockholm Declaration, Fiftieth Anniversary Proceedings” at the IMO Headquarters in London.
On 13 October, WMU co-hosted the Mass & Shipping Sustainability Seminar held in Malmö together with the Republic of Korea and the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Korea to the International Maritime Organization.
On 24 October, in connection with United Nations (UN) Day, the WMU-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute hosted an interactive workshop for students from Malmö Latinskola, an upper secondary school in Malmö, Sweden. The workshop was delivered in collaboration with UNICEF Sweden’s Volunteer Group Malmö.
On 8 November, WMU hosted a joint symposium, New Technology for Seafarers' Future, in cooperation with the Japan Maritime Center (JMC).
From 13 to 15 November, the WMUSasakawa Global Ocean Institute delivered a workshop in Costa Rica on Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) on the High Seas in partnership with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and in collaboration with the Sargasso Sea Commission and MarViva.
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION
Through membership in the International Association of Maritime Universities, the Baltic University Programme, and the European University Association, WMU continued to strengthen its cooperation with universities worldwide. Inter-agency seminars and workshops contributed to an intensified collaboration with UN maritime and oceans stakeholders. Internally, procedures were streamlined to achieve
a more strategic approach to partnership development in support of the University’s mission and ensuring its long-term financial sustainability. In 2023, a total of 24 Memoranda of Understanding/Agreements with partners from government, private sector, academia, international organizations and foundations were successfully negotiated, signed and implemented.
PUBLICATIONS
Members of the Faculty, research staff, and PhD candidates continued to publish widely in 2023, including chapters in books, contributions to academic peer-reviewed journals including many with A/A* ratings, and conference proceedings, further enhancing the University’s academic status and reputation. A list of 2023 publications can be found beginning on page 32.
The year 2023 marked the twenty-first year of the WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA) which has been published by Springer Verlag since 2012. Since 2014, JoMA also contains a section dedicated to research within the International Association of Maritime Universities (IAMU). JoMA has been extremely successful and its expanded global impact is noticeable. In 2023, JoMA
issues were published in March, June, September and December. The aim of the June Special Issue on MET in Theory was to invite a corpus of studies that theorized professional learning in MET, either through theory testing or theory generation.
The Maritime Commons, the digital repository of WMU, is another successful, internationally recognized outlet for WMU publications together with other relevant open-access holdings. WMU dissertations, research reports and conference presentations are hosted on the digital publications platform that was launched in August of 2015. Nearly 4,000 works had been uploaded by the close of 2022, with more than 2.5 million downloads by researchers in 234 countries and territories.
HUMAN RESOURCES
IN
2023,
THE INTERNATIONAL FACULTY CONSISTED OF 36 FULL-TIME FACULTY FROM 21 COUNTRIES AND 79 VISITING LECTURERS.
The WMU Faculty and Administration were strengthened in 2023 with four administrative staff including Assistant to the VP Academic Affairs, Faculty Assistant, Project and Operations Assistant and a Secretary for the WMU-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute (GOI). In addition, four research staff members have been assigned an academic title and therefore are considered members of the full-time faculty.
In 2023, 79 Visiting Lecturers taught in the Malmö MSc programme. Many of the Visiting Lecturers are from international organizations including the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the European Commission (EC), the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA), International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited (ITOPF), and the World Nuclear Transport Institute.
STAFF GROUP BY GENDER AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2023
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE UN 2030 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
The United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2015, includes a bold set of Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). The 17 Goals and their targets are intended, inter alia, to guide the global efforts to end poverty, promote prosperity and well-being for all, protect the environment and address climate change.
Through its well-established education, capacity development and research agenda and recognizing that all the Goals are interrelated and indivisible, in 2022 WMU continued its direct and tangible contribution to the implementation of Global Goals 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 16 and 17.
WMU’s proactive approach to Goal 5 of the UN SDGs regarding gender equality and the empowerment of women continued in 2023. Until the late 1990s, female students made up less than 5% of the Malmö intake. A recruitment strategy with strong support from fellowship donors has resulted in the proportion of female students rising to around a third of the annual intake. In 2023, the Malmö MSc intake set a new record with 40% women and one third of the faculty are female.
ENROLMENT BY GENDER 2023 GRADUATES BY GENDER
PhD
PhD
Malmö
Malmö
Shanghai ITL
Shanghai ITL
Dalian MSEM
Dalian MSEM
INDUSTRY LIAISON GROUP
The shipping industry requires a cadre of well-educated, trained and skilled professionals to support the moving of 80 percent of world trade. Mutually beneficial relationships between WMU as the preeminent maritime academic institution and the maritime industry are therefore indispensable.
To facilitate the WMU-industry partnership, it was decided that the President, supported by an Advisory Group, should establish an Industry Liaison Group (ILG) involving key industry stakeholders reflecting a wide variety of maritime and oceans industry,
value chain actors and expertise. The ILG is to create and strengthen mutually beneficial strategic relationships and partnerships between the University and maritime industry stakeholders, including in the area of research. It is also to serve as an expert information source on key trends and developments in the industry and to further support WMU’s mission and its contribution to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Meetings of the ILG Development Group took place in 2023 and discussions are continuing with that group, the Development Committee, and a number of industry leaders, to move the ILG initiative forward.
STEWARDS OF THE SEA CAMPAIGN
In support of the WMU Endowment Fund efforts, the Stewards of the Sea campaign aims to achieve the strategic objective of long-term financial stability, independence and sustainability of the University as well as to augment WMU’s capacity to provide education, training, research, scholarship and capacity development in maritime and ocean related matters for government officials and industry stakeholders, particularly those in developing countries.
Supported by the Endowment Fund Committees, the University devised an Institutional Advancement and
Communications Plan as the basis for strategic and systematic engagement with potential donors across a range of funding opportunities, including giving to the WMU Endowment Fund. In addition, the WMU Business Case brochure titled “Stewards of the Sea” was developed as one of the communication tools in support of fundraising efforts. The implementation of the Stewards of the Sea campaign was developed in 2018 and will be pursued in 2024 and beyond.
FELLOWSHIP DONORS
A limited number of full fellowships are available to Malmö MSc students annually on a competitive basis. Including the 31 Sasakawa Fellowship Students who joined the University in 2023, The Nippon Foundation of Japan continued to be the largest fellowship donor to the University with an overall total of 790 sponsored students. The International Maritime Organization provided 17 fellowships in 2023 making it the second largest fellowship donor followed by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (10). The Government of the Republic of Korea and The Orient's Fond followed with six fellowships each. Five fellowships each were awarded by the Government of Germany, ITF Seafarers' Trust, and the Transport Education Training Authority. The Australian Maritime Safety Authority and the TK Foundation both awarded four fellowships, and two fellowships each were awarded by the Grimaldi Foundation, the Government of Malaysia, and the Lloyd's Register Foundation. Singular fellowships were provided by the Government of the Netherlands, Government of the United Kingdom, Gard AS, Stena Rederi AB, and the World Nuclear Transport Institute. Many member States provided support in 2023 as well by sponsoring their own students, in particular Angola, Chile, India, Nigeria, the Philippines, Republic of Korea and South Africa. Additionally, many governments, organizations and companies provide funding for their own employees. Approximately 3% of the MSc students in Malmö are self-funded in the Class of 2024.
The following donors provided fellowships in 2023:
The Nippon Foundation of Japan (31)
International Maritime Organization (17)
Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (10)
Government of the Republic of Korea (6)
The Orient’s Fond (6)
Government of Germany (5)
ITF Seafarers’ Trust (5)
Transport Education Training Authority (5)
Australian Maritime Safety Authority (4)
The TK Foundation (4)
Grimaldi Foundation (2)
Government of Malaysia (2)
Lloyd’s Register Foundation (2)
Government of the Netherlands (1)
Government of the United Kingdom (1)
Gard AS (1)
Stena Rederi AB (1)
World Nuclear Transport Institute (1)
DONATIONS IN 2023
Contributions
Government of Sweden
Malmö City
International Maritime Organization
The Nippon Foundation
Government of Canada
Government of the Republic of Korea
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
ITF Seafarers' Trust
Fellowships and Fees
International Maritime Organization
IMO Global Capacity Development and Training Technical Cooperation Programme
– Government of The Netherlands
Governments
Australian Maritime and Safety Authority
Busan Port Authority
Chilean Navy
Ghana Ports and Harbours Authority
Government of Malaysia
Government of Norway
Government of the Netherlands
Government of the United Kingdom
Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore
Ministry of Transport, China
Ministry of Transport, Germany
Nigerian Maritime Safety Authority
Philippine Coast Guard
Republic of Korea
Transport Education Training Authority, South Africa
Industry
GARD
Grimaldi Foundation
International Chamber of Shipping
Korea Institute of Maritime and Fisheries
Technology (KIMFT)
Korea Marine Surveyor & Sworn Measurers' Corporation (KOMSA)
Korean Register of Shipping – Republic of Korea
Stena Rederi AB
TK Foundation, UK
Wallenius Marine AB
Zuetina
Non-Governmental Organizations
ITF Seafarers’ Trust
The Nippon Foundation
Norwegian Seafarers’ Union
Orient's Fond
World Nuclear Transport Institute
Indian Maritime Trust
Lloyd's Register Foundation
FIELD STUDIES
Students in the Malmö MSc benefit from a unique programme of field studies at host organizations such as shipping companies, port authorities, maritime administrations and other governmental and non-governmental organizations around the world. Cooperation with a range of global institutions offers students a unique opportunity to experience the application of the latest theories and technologies in reallife maritime situations, and to forge bonds
with a network of maritime professionals worldwide. Field studies are a highlight of the WMU experience and vary each year by specialization. The field study programme was not significantly impacted by COVID-19 in 2023. Field studies took place in Belgium, Denmark, India, Germany, Greece, Republic of Korea, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Tanzania, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and several locations in Sweden.
FACILITIES
With the growing faculty, staff and research, the University continued to make excellent use of the Neptune premises that were inaugurated in the last quarter of 2021 and generously provided by the host City of Malmö. Located a short walk from the main WMU building, the new premises provide an additional 46 rooms of office and meeting space. The new Neptune facilities house administrative staff including the Finance and IT teams, as well as researchers, PhD students and visiting faculty.
With the exceptional growth and expansion of the University, WMU now occupies the main building that was inaugurated in 2015, offices in an adjacent building that house the WMU-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute and were inaugurated along with the Institute in 2018, and now the additional space at Neptune inaugurated in 2021.
FINANCES
The Government of Sweden and the City of Malmö continue to provide considerable support to the University. All donors that provide contributions to the operational budget, student fellowships, Visiting Lecturers and field study opportunities are greatly appreciated including in-kind contributions that support the financing and core activities of the University.
Financial Outcome (General Fund) for the years 2021 to 2023 (in thousand USD)
and
The 2023 Financial outcome reported a total revenue of USD 20.7 million,a total expenditure of USD 18.5 million, and a Loss on Currency Exchange of USD .3 million. The total amount transferred to the reserves was USD 1.9 million.
Reserve and Fund Balances (General Fund) as at 31 December 2021 to 2023 (in thousand USD)
The University is steadily building up its Reserve Fund, attributed to the surplus it generated in recent years, which is transferred to form part of the Reserve and Fund Balances. The Reserve and Fund Balances of USD 12.5 million will contribute to the long term financial sustainability of the University.
2023 PUBLICATIONS LIST
ACADEMIC JOURNALS
Wang, W., Aporta, C. “Arctic marine shipping development and governance in Canada: A historical overview,” Marine Policy, Volume 160, 2024, 105958, ISSN 0308-597X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. marpol.2023.105958
Amone-Mabuto M., Mubai M., Bandeira S., Shalli MS., Adams JB., Lugendo B. & J. Hollander (2023) Community perceptions on the role of seagrass ecosystems for coastal protection. Ocean and Coastal Management
Hu N., Hollander J., Brönmark C. & A. Persson (2023) Ocean acidification and predation risk show strong effects on marine mussels in isolation and combination. MEPS
Carrera-Arce M., R. Baumler & J. Hollander (2023) A systematic review of assessment methods for seafarers’ mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. INQUIRY. https://doi. org/10.1177/00469580231212218 0,34
Chen, G., Cai, J., Rytter, N. G. M., & Lützen, M. (2023). A Practical Data Quality Assessment Method for Raw Data in Vessel Operations. Journal of Marine Science and Application, 22(2), 370–380.1
Putra, A.M., Carrera Arce, M., & Baumler, R. (2023). Insights on just culture from seafarers and shipping companies in Indonesia: An exploratory study. Work77(1):161–170. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR220555 0,5
Auld, K., Baumler, R., Han, D. P., & Neat, F. (2023). The collective effort of the United Nations Specialised Agencies to tackle the global problem of illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. Ocean & Coastal Management, 243, 106720. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106720 0,34
Dong, B., Carrera Arce, M., Baumler, R., & Tang, C.Z. (2023). The relationship between work-induced sexual abstinence and psychological health of Chinese male seafarers : the positive impact of job satisfaction. INQUIRY. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580231186230 0,5
H.T. Workman, D. Dalaklis and A. Ávila-Zúñiga-Nordfjeld, (2022), Russia/Ukraine military conflict: Discussing the maritime element of the confrontation, American Yearbook of International Law, 1(1), 730–798, Article 14. DOI: 10.12681/ayil.33050
M. Makri, D. Dalaklis and A. Ávila-Zúñiga-Nordfjeld, (2022), Irregular Migrants and Refugee Flows in the Aegean Sea: The Contribution of the Hellenic Coast Guard in Managing the External Sea Borders of the European Union, Il Diritto Marittimo – Quaderni, CXXIV –THIRD SERIES/ISSUE IV, 862–886. ISSN 0012-348x
A. Singh, D. Dalaklis and R. Baumler, (2023), Revisiting the HNoMS Helge Ingstad and TS Sola Collision: Discussing the Contribution of Human Factors, Maritime Technology and Research, 5(3), 262199. DOI: 10.33175/ mtr.2023.262199
S.V. Vakili, F. Ballini, A. Schönborn, A. Christodoulou, D. Dalaklis and A.I. Ölcer, (2023), Assessing the macroeconomic and social impacts of slow steaming in shipping: a literature review on small island developing states and least developed countries, Journal of Shipping and Trade, 8, 2 (2023). DOI: 10.1186/s41072023-00131-2 0,5
P. Kovalishin, N. Nikitakos, B. Svilicic, J. Zhang, A. Nikishin, D. Dalaklis, M. Kharitonov and A.A. Stefanakou, (2023), Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods for effectively responding to climate change at marine ports, Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, and Shipping (SEAS), 7, 1, 2186589. DOI: 10.1080/25725084.2023.2186589 0,5
M. Canepa, F. Ballini, D. Dalaklis, G. Frugone and D. Sciutto, (2023), Cold Ironing: Socio-Economic Analysis in the Port of Genoa, Logistics (2023), 7(2), 28. DOI: 10.3390/logistics7020028 0,33
D. Dalaklis, M. Drewniak, A. Christodoulou, R. Sheehan, A. Dalaklis and A. Andreadakis, (2023), Future Arctic regulatory interventions: discussing the impact of banning the use of heavy fuel oil, Polar Geography, 46(2), 1–20. DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2023.2238794
Ag. Dalaklis, Al. Dalaklis and D. Dalaklis, (2023), Examining an Information System (IS) Solution to Increase UK University Students’ Engagement during Lecturing Activities, Knowledge, 3(3), 461–479. DOI: 10.3390/knowledge3030031
A. Alamoush, D. Dalaklis, F. Ballini and A.I. Ölcer (2023), Consolidating Port Decarbonisation Implementation: Concept, Pathways, Barriers, Solutions, and Opportunities, Sustainability, 15(19), 14185. DOI: 10.3390/su151914185 0,25
A. Ávila-Zúñiga-Nordfjeld, M. Dansarie, H. Liwång, D. Dalaklis and M. Mejía, (2023), Proposing a Mathematical Dynamic Model to Develop a National Maritime Security Assessment and Build a National Maritime Security Plan, The Journal of Maritime Research (JMR), Volume XX, Number III (Dec. 2023), pp 123–132. ISSN: 1697-4840
Abila, S., Kitada, M., Malecosio Jr., S., Tang, L., Subong-Espina, R. (2023). Empowering seafarers as agents of their mental health: The role of information and communication technology in seafarers’ wellbeing. Inquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 60:1–10, https://doi. org/10.1177/00469580231162752
PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)
Bartuseviciene, I., Kitada, M., Valioniene, E. (2023). Rethinking Maritime Education and Training for Generation Z students. Regional Formation and Development Studies, 3(14), https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds. v41i3.2543 0,5
Kitada, M. (2023). People Centred Clean Energy Transitions in Maritime Transport: Reading the Recommendations from the International Energy Agency and Expectations for Maritime Transport. [in Japanese]. Maritime Transport Research, pp. 45–56, http://www. ymf.or.jp/wp-content/uploads/72-05.pdf
Hussein, K. and Song, D-W. (2023), Sustainably Integrated Port Supply Chains: Concepts and Propositions, International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, Vol. 26, No. 7, pp. 765–787.
Sahoo, S., Jiang, L. and Song, D-W. (2023), Review of Bargaining and Transaction Prices: Future Avenues for Shipping Studies, Maritime Business Review, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 351–371. 0,5
Hussein, K. and Song, D-W. (2023), Port Supply Chain Integration and Sustainability: A Resource-Based View, International Journal of Logistics Management, https:// doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-11-2022-0435
Deshmukh, A. and Song, D-W. (2023), A New Wine in New Wineskins: Unfolding Dimensions of PortHinterland Connectivity and Market Shares, Maritime Policy and Management, https://doi.org/10.1080/030888 39.2023.2271474.
Barona, J., Ballini, F., & Canepa, M. (2023). Circular developments of maritime industrial ports in Europe: a semi-systematic review of the current situation. Journal of Shipping and Trade, 8(1), 25. 0,5
Alamoush, A.S., Dalaklis, D., Ballini, F. and Ölcer, A.I., 2023. Consolidating Port Decarbonisation Implementation: Concept, Pathways, Barriers, Solutions, and Opportunities. Sustainability, 15(19), p.14185. 0,25
Canepa, M., Ballini, F., Dalaklis, D., Frugone, G., & Sciutto, D. (2023). Cold Ironing: Socio-Economic Analysis in the Port of Genoa. Logistics, 7(2), 28. 0,33
Vakili, S., Ballini, F., Schönborn, A., Christodoulou, A., Dalaklis, D., & Ölçer, A. I. (2023). Assessing the macroeconomic and social impacts of slow steaming in shipping: a literature review on small island developing states and least developed countries. Journal of Shipping and Trade, 8(1), 2. 0,5
Derrig, R. (2023). What Can a Few Make of Mankind. European Journal of International Law, 33(4). https://doi. org/10.1093/ejil/chac072
Alleyne, K.S.T., Johnson, D., Neat, F. et al. Seasonal variation in morphotype composition of pelagic Sargassum influx events is linked to oceanic origin. Sci Rep 13, 3753 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598023-30969-2
Alleyne, K. S. T., Neat, F., & Oxenford, H. A. (2023). A baseline assessment of the epiphytic community associated with pelagic sargassum in the Tropical Atlantic. Aquatic Botany, 186, 103635. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2023.103635
Darousos E, Panteladis I, Mejia MQJr, Pastra A (2023). Maritime sustainability and the need for global performance indicators in shipping: an empirical investigation based on the shipping KPI Standard by BIMCO. Transnav, 17(4): 759–768. DOI: 10.12716/1001.17.04.01 0,5
Shao Y, Carballo Piñeiro L, Mejia MQJr (2023). Paving the way to recognising foreign judicial sales of ships: a comparative analysis of judicial sale proceedings in selected jurisdictions. Cuadernos de Derecho Transnacional, 15(1): 136–160. DOI: 10.20318/cdt.2023.7536
A. Becker Lorca & R. Derrig, 'Briefing Note on the Common Heritage of Humankind and Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction', Opinio Juris (2023)
Polejack, A., Ramírez-Monsalve, P. and Wisz, M.S., 2023. What does integrated ecosystem assessment mean to policy-makers and scientists working in the Atlantic? Implications for ocean science diplomacy. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, p.1004740. https://doi. org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1004740
Schofield, C.H. and Lalonde, S., ‘Baselines in Polar Regions’, pp.47–62 in Tanaka, Y. Johnstone, R. and Ulfbeck, V. (eds) The Routledge Handbook of Polar Law, (London: Routledge, 2023). https://doi. org/10.4324/9781003404828
Hilmi, N., Sutherland, M., Farahmand, S., Haraldsson, G., van Doorn, E., Ernst, E., Wisz, M.S., Claudel Rusin, A., Elsler, L.G. and Levin, L.A., 2023. Deep sea nature-based solutions to climate change. Frontiers in Climate, 5, p.1169665. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fclim.2023.1169665
Stöfen-O´Brien, A. (2023). The second meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiations Committee towards the development of a legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment. International Journal for Marine and Coastal Law (38) 1–12
Hoang, A. T., Pandey, A., De Osés, F. J. M., Chen, W. H., Said, Z., Ng, K. H., Ölçer, A. I. ... & Nguyen, X. P. (2023). Technological solutions for boosting hydrogen role in decarbonization strategies and net-zero goals of world shipping: Challenges and perspectives. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 188, 113790.
Vakili, S., & Ölçer, A. I. (2023). Are battery-powered vessels the best solution for the domestic ferry segment? Case study for the domestic ferry segment in the Philippines. Energy, 282, 128323.
PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)
Vakili, S., & Ölçer, A. I. (2023). Techno-economicenvironmental feasibility of photovoltaic, wind and hybrid electrification systems for stand-alone and grid-connected port electrification in the Philippines. Sustainable Cities and Society, 96, 104618.
Uyan, E., Atlar, M., & Ölçer, A. I. (2023). Improving the energy efficiency of lighting systems for a marine equipment manufacturing plant through retrofitting, daylighting, and behaviour change. Journal of Cleaner Production, 413, 137216.
Vakili, S., Schönborn, A., & Ölçer, A. I. (2023). The road to zero emission shipbuilding Industry: A systematic and transdisciplinary approach to modern multi-energy shipyards. Energy Conversion and Management: X , 18, 100365. 0,5
Dong, D. T., Schönborn, A., Christodoulou, A., Ölcer, A. I., & González-Celis, J. (2023). Life cycle assessment of ammonia/hydrogen-driven marine propulsion. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, 14750902231207159. 0,34
Johannesen, E., Auma Ojwala, R., Chavez-Rodriguez, M., Neat, F., Kitada, M., Buckingham, S., Schofield, C., Long, R., Jarnsäter, J. & Zhen, S. (2022). The sea change needed for gender equality in ocean-going research. Special Issues of Marine Technology Society Journal, 3, 18–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4031/MTSJ.56.3.6 0,20
Dolatabadi, S. H., Ölçer, A. I., & Vakili, S. (2023). The Application of Hybrid Energy system (Hydrogen Fuel cell, wind, and solar) in shipping. Renewable Energy Focus, 46, 197–206.
Mori, Y., & Manuel, M. E. (2023). An exploration of the theoretical foundations of onboard seafarer training: A systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation (TransNav), 17(4), 913–928. https://doi. org/10.12716/1001.17.04.18
BOOKS
Auld, K., Neat, F., Baumler, R., and Deukhoon Peter Han (Edited by) (2023). CAPFISH PROJECT. CAPACITY-BUILDING PROJECT TO PROGRESS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS TO COMBAT IUU FISHING. 2nd Edition. Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries of the Republic of Korea, World Maritime University and Korean Maritime Institute. ISBN 979-11-6866-049-6 93300 0,66
T. Johansson, J. Echebarria Fernnadez, D. Dalaklis, A. Pastra and J. A. Skinner, 2023, Autonomous Vessels in Maritime Affairs: Law and Governance Implications, Palgrave Macmillan, London, ISBN: 978-3-031-24739-2 0,34
T. Johansson, D. Dalaklis, J. Echebarria Fernnadez, A. Pastra and M. Lennan, 2023, Smart Ports & Robotic Systems: Navigating the Waves of Techno-regulation & Governance, Palgrave Macmillan, London, ISBN: 978-3031-25295-2 0,34
Mukherjee PK, Xu JJ, Mejia MQJr (eds.) (2023). Maritime law perspectives old and new: Volume II Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers, ISBN: 979-8-88697-778-3. 1
Kraska J., Long R., Nordquist M., PEACEFUL MARITIME ENGAGEMENT IN EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC REGION (Leiden/Boston: Brill/Nijhoff, 2023). https://brill.com/view/title/62957 1
BOOK CHAPTERS
Ell-Kanayuk, M., & Aporta, C. (2023). "Chapter 2 “The Sea is Our Mainstay”: Shipping and the Inuit Homeland". In Shipping in Inuit Nunangat. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill | Nijhoff. doi: https://doi. org/10.1163/9789004508576_003
Baumler, R., and Manuel, M.E. (2023). The development of the maritime rest/work hours regime: The normalization of deviance. In P. K. Mukherjee, J. Xu & M. Q. Mejia Jr. (Eds.), Maritime law perspectives old and new. Nova Science Publishers. https://doi. org/10.52305/DLMC5627
T. Johansson, J. A. Skinner, J. Echebarria Fernnadez, A. Pastra, and D. Dalaklis, (2023), Introduction to Autonomous Vessels in Maritime Affairs: Law & Governance Implications, In: Tafsir Johansson, J. Echebarria Fernnadez, D. Dalaklis, A. Pastra and J. A. Skinner (eds.) – “Autonomous Vessels in Maritime Affairs: Law and Governance Implications”, Palgrave Macmillan, London, pp 1–15. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-03124740-8_1
T. Johansson, M. Lennan, J. Echebarria Fernnadez, A. Pastra, and D. Dalaklis, (2023), Introduction to Smart Ports and Robotic Systems: Navigating the Waves of Techno-Regulation and Governance, In: Tafsir Johansson, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Jonatan Echebarria Fernnadez, Aspasia Pastra and Mitchell Lennan (eds.) – “Smart Ports & Robotic Systems: Navigating the Waves of Techno-regulation & Governance”, Palgrave Macmillan, London, pp 1–12. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-03125296-9_1
A. Ávila-Zúñiga-Nordfjeld, H. Liwång, and D. Dalaklis (2023), Implications of Technological Innovation and Respective Regulations to Strengthen Port and Maritime Security: An International Agenda to Reduce Illegal Drug Traffic and Countering Terrorism at Sea, In: Tafsir Johansson, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Jonatan Echebarria Fernnadez, Aspasia Pastra and Mitchell Lennan (eds.) – “Smart Ports & Robotic Systems: Navigating the Waves of Techno-regulation & Governance'', Palgrave Macmillan, London, pp 135–147. DOI: 10.1007/978-3031-25296-9_7
(Continued)
I. Progoulakis, N. Nikitakos, D. Dalaklis, A. Christodoulou, A. Dalaklis, and R. Yaacob, (2023), Digitalization and Cyber Physical Security Aspects in Maritime Transportation and Port Infrastructure Systems, In: Tafsir Johansson, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Jonatan Echebarria Fernnadez, Aspasia Pastra and Mitchell Lennan (eds.) – “Smart Ports & Robotic Systems: Navigating the Waves of Techno-regulation & Governance”, Palgrave Macmillan, London, pp 227–247. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-25296-9_12
D. Dalaklis, N. Nikitakos, D. Papachristos, and A. Dalaklis, (2023), Opportunities and Challenges in Relation to Big Data Analytics for the Shipping and Port Industries, In: Tafsir Johansson, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Jonatan Echebarria Fernnadez, Aspasia Pastra and Mitchell Lennan (eds.) – “Smart Ports & Robotic Systems: Navigating the Waves of Techno-regulation & Governance”, Palgrave Macmillan, London, pp 267–289. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-25296-9_14
Hussein, K. and Song, D-W. (2023), Maritime Logistics for the Next Decade: Challenges, Opportunities and Required Skills, in Merkert, R. and Hoberg, K. (eds.), Global Logistics and Supply Chain Strategies in the 2020s: Vital Skills for the Next Generation, Springer, pp. 151–173.
Hebbar, A. A. (2023). International Quality Management Standard Setting in the Maritime Sector: The Role of International Organizations and the Emerging Global Regulatory Framework. In: Maritime Law Perspectives: Old and New, Volume II. Chapter: 12. Publisher: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York.
Bateman, S.G. and Schofield, C.H. (2023) ‘Straight Baseline Claims in the Indo-Pacific: Legal, Technical and Political Issues in a Changing Environment’, pp.128–151 in Bradford, J., Chan, B.Y.J., Kaye, S.B., Schofield, C.H. and Till, G. (eds), Towards Maritime Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific Region: Policy, Governance and Security: Essays in Honour of Commodore Sam Bateman, Brill/ Martinus Nijhoff.
Bradford, J., Chan, B.Y.J., Kaye, S.B., Schofield, C.H. and Till, G. (eds) (2023), Towards Maritime Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific Region: Policy, Governance and Security: Essays in Honour of Commodore Sam Bateman, (Leiden/ BostonL Brill/Martinus Nijhoff).
Otani J, Mejia MQJr, Lagdami K. (2023). Extraterritorial jurisdiction, indirect interdiction, and irregular migration at sea. In Mukherjee PK, Xu JJ, Mejia MQJr (eds.) (2023). Maritime law perspectives old and new: Volume II (pp. 343–361). Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers. https://doi.org/10.52305/DLMC5627
Freestone, D. and Schofield, C.H. (2023) ‘Archipelagic Atoll Island States and Sea Level Rise: Understanding Risks, Exploring Response Options’, in Kraska, J., Long, R. and Nordquist, M. (eds) Peaceful Maritime Engagement in East Asia and the Pacific Region, (Leiden/ Boston: Martinus Nijhoff/Brill).
Mejia MQJr (2023). The international regulatory framework of MASS disruption. In Basu Bal A, Rajput T, Argüello G, Langlet D (eds.). Regulation of risk: transport, trade and environment in perspective (pp. 522–550). Leiden, Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill. DOI: 10.1163/9789004518681_019
Long R. ‘The Foreword’, in Platjouw F., Pozdnakova A., (ed.), THE ENVIRONMENTAL RULE OF LAW FOR OCEANS (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022) 1–7.
Long R., Rodríguez-Chaves M., Governance of Marine Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Searching for Sustainability Solutions in the Southeast Pacific in Kraska J., Long R., Nordquist M., PEACEFUL MARITIME ENGAGEMENT IN EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC REGION (Leiden/Boston: Brill/Nijhoff, 2023) 30–75.
Schofield, C.H. (2023) ‘Uncertain Maritime Limits, Overlapping Maritime Claims and IUU Fishing’, pp.128–147 in Auld, K., Neat, F., Baumler, R and Han, D.P. (eds) CAPFISH Project: Capacity-Building Project to Progress the Implementation of International Instruments to Combat IUU Fishing, Volume 2, (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Republic of Korea; World Maritime University (WMU), Sweden; Korea Maritime Institute (KMI), Republic of Korea, 2023).
Schofield, C.H. (2023) ‘Marine Resources and Regional Competition in the Indo-Pacific’, Strategy in the Indo-Pacific: Diplomacy, Coercion, and Escalation in the Age of Competition, (San Francisco: Stanford University Press)
Schofield, C.H. (2023) ‘Options to Avoid and Resolve Conflict over Island Disputes’, in Kraska, J.; Son, N.H. and Yang, C.Y. (eds) Peaceful Management of Disputes, (London: Routledge), 109–128.
Mahadeo, S.; Schofield, C.; Stöfen-O’Brien, A. (2023) The concept of the coast at a crossroads: Clarifying legal concepts and terminologies and their management implications, Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, 2nd Edition
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World Maritime University
The World Maritime University was established in 1983 within the framework of the International Maritime Organization, a specialized agency of the United Nations.
