World's Most Influential Women in Education to Follow, 2022

Roslyn Clark Artis

President & CEO Benedict College

Creators of World's Future

Inthepast,teachingwasconsideredamale-dominated professionintheUnitedStates.Whenthecountry's public-schoolsystemwasformedinthemiddleofthe 19thcentury,asubstantialshiftinthegender compositionoftheprofessionoccurred.Similartohow schoolhousedoorsopened,thesphereofeducationalso becameavailabletochildrenfromallsocioeconomic classesandgenders.Bythelate1880s,womenmadeup 63percentofallinstructorsinthecountry(thoughmen continuedtomakeupmostofthehigh-schoolteaching forceuntilthelate1970s).Inactuality,womenwho couldn'tordidn'twanttobehomemakershadfew alternativeworkoptionssincethedecisiontoeducate youngchildrenhadbeenfirmlyentrenchedasa "feminine"onewithinafewdecades.

Butthefactthatmaleteachersevenhavetoconsiderthis maybelinkedtothedeeplyrootedpreconceptionsthat promotethegenderdifferenceineducation.Salary increasesmayhelptoaddressthedisparitysincemenare underrepresentedintheprofessionandbecauselowpay andtheresultinglowsocialstandingarebothcausesand contributors.

Inthisspecialissue “World's Most Influential Women in Education to Follow, 2022,” World'sLeadershas recognizedthemosteffectivewomanbusinesseducators andleadersineducationwhoarebecomingan inspirationformany.

World's Most Inuential Women in Education to Follow, 2022

ThecoverfeaturesRoslynClarkArtis,Presidentand CEOatBenedictCollege.Ms.Artis'leadershiphasbeen praisedbothlocallyandgloballyforbeingdeliberate, professional,andcompletelydedicatedtothegrowthand transformationofschoolsandinstitutionsthatserve marginalizedmenandwomenofcolor.In2018,shewas named"Female HBCU President of the Year" byHBCU Digest. In2019,Roslynwasnamedto Diverse Issues in Higher Education's "Top 35 Leading Women in Higher Education." In2020,shewasnamed"President of the Year" byHigherEdDiveforherleadershipinnavigating theunprecedentedchallengesof2020.

Also,whileyouflipthroughthepages,don'tforgetto readthearticlescreatedbyourin-houseeditorialstaff andindustryexperts.

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Roslyn Clark Artis

Committed to the Proliferation and Transformation of Colleges and Universities

R osl yn

Roslyn Clark Artis

Committed to the Proliferation and Transformation of Colleges and Universities

“I am a better administrator today because of those experiences” “

Oneofthemostimportantoccupations inournationisteaching.Teachinghas historicallybeenviewedasan excellentcareerchoiceforwomen becauseitaffordsthemtheopportunity tosupportstudents'growthand development,whichisentirely consistentwiththeirtraditional responsibilitiesasmothers.Women oftenputforthalotofeffortandexcel atmultitaskingandproject management.Theyemploycritical thinkingandfocusontherootcauseor sourceofaproblemorissuewhile workingstrategicallytofindasolution. Moreover,womenarecommittedto workingcollaborativelytodiscover answerstochallengingissuesand solvecomplexproblemsandareoften highlyinnovativeintheirapproach.In fact,newdatasuggestsalinkbetween femaleschooladministratorsand improvedstudentoutcomes.According toseveralstudies,femaleschool administratorsaremorelikelythan theirmalecounterpartstouseefficient managementtechniquesthatleadto betterresults.

RoslynClarkArtis'leadershiphasbeen praisedbothlocallyandgloballyfor beingdeliberate,professional,and completelydedicatedtothegrowthand transformationofschoolsand institutionsthatservemarginalized menandwomenofcolor.In2018,she wasnamed"Female HBCU President

of the Year" byHBCUDigest.In2019, Roslynwasnamedto Diverse Issues in Higher Education's "Top 35 Leading Women in Higher Education." In2020, shewasnamed"President of the Year" byHigherEdDiveforherleadership innavigatingtheunprecedented challengesof2020.

RoslynisPresidentandCEOat BenedictCollege.Underher leadership,BenedictCollegewas awardedthe 2019 American Council on Education (ACE) Fidelity Investments Award for Institutional Transformation. Theawardrecognizes institutionsthathaverespondedto highereducationchallengesin innovativeandcreativewaysand achieveddramaticresultsinashort periodoftime.Benedictwasalso named2019 HBCU of the Year by the HBCU Digest.

Dr Artisisregularlycalleduponto serveasamentor,lecturer,andcatalyst forstrategictransformation.Sheisa giftedpublicspeaker,criticalthinker, andtenacioussupporterofeducational access.Shehaspublishedcountless articlesandeditorialsonsubjects relatedtohighereducationequityand inclusionaswellasthechallenges involvedwithleadingminority-serving institutions.PresidentArtisisawidely respectedinnovatorandthoughtleader onissuesofhighereducation, particularlyasitrelatestounderserved andvulnerablepopulations.Sheisthe foundingCo-ChairoftheAnnual HistoricallyBlackCollegeand UniversitySustainabilitySummit, whichisnowinitsfifthyear.Forthese andotherefforts,shehaswonmore than300honorsandawardsboth locallyandglobally.

PresidentArtisrecentlyjoinedthe NationalAdvisoryCommitteeon InstitutionalQualityandIntegrityin 2021.(NACIQI).Throughthe Committee'sopenhearings,NACIQI

providesadvicetotheU.S.Secretary ofEducationonissuesrelatingto accreditation,theSecretary's recognitionprocedureforaccrediting bodies,andinstitutionaleligibilityfor federalstudentaid.

DesiretoEarnHigherEducation

RoslynwasraisedinBeckley,West Virginia.Neitherofherparents,Robert andChristinaClark,werecollege graduates.Herfatherworkedasacoal miner,andhermotherwasanurse's aide.Sheshares, "We were, what could best be described as, "working poor." I am one of the students I currently serve on my campus—low wealth, first generation, underrepresented minority with a burning desire to earn an education."

ShegraduatedfromWestVirginiaState (College)UniversityinInstitute,West Virginia,asmall,historicallyblack university,withaBachelorofArts degree(MagnaCumLaude).In1995. Thereafter,sheearnedherLawdegree fromWVUCollegeofLaw

Afteralmostnineyearsoflegal practice,Roslynswitchedtoacareeras afull-timeacademicadministratorin 2003.Priortoherchange,shehad spentseveralyearscoachingamoot courtteam,mentoringbudding attorneys,andteachingasanadjunct professor Althoughshefound fulfillmentinherlegalprofession,she cametotheconclusionthathertrue lovewaseducation.Herlegaldegree continuestobehermostuseful certification,eventhoughshe eventuallysoughtandreceiveda DoctorateinHigherEducation LeadershipandPolicyfromVanderbilt University

In2003,RoslynjoinedtheCollegeof WestVirginia,aforerunnerof MountainStateUniversityandthe currenthomeofWVUTech.Shehelda varietyofpositionsthroughouther

nineyearsatthecollege,rangingfrom facultytoexecutivevicepresident.She gainedtremendousexperienceand learnedagreatdealduringthe organization'ssuccessesandevenmore fromtheirmistakesateachphaseand level.Shesays, "I am a better administrator today because of those experiences.”

Roslynassumedthepresidencyof FloridaMemorialUniversityin2013,a small,privateHistoricallyBlack University.In2017,sheresignedfrom FMUtotakethehelmofBenedict College,anothersmall,privateHBCU. Shebelievesthatthisisthesetting whereshehasthemostinfluence.

BenedictCollege

Benedictisamedium-sizedprivate, historicallyblackcollegewitha connectiontotheBaptistfaith.Oncea smallteacher/preachercollegefounded byanorthernmissionaryonwhathad oncebeenaslaveplantation,has grownintoathrivingacademic enterprisethatprovidesarangeofindemandprograms,includingcomputer science,engineering,cybersecurity, andentrepreneurship,amongothers. TheCollegeworkshardtoofferhighquality,reasonablypricedacademic programsinasettingthatisculturally sensitive,withafullrangeofsupport services.

In2018,Benedicttookagroundbreakingstepbyloweringtuitionby 26%.Roslynasserts, "We recognized that our population simply could not afford what we were charging. This move has reduced our accounts receivable and, more importantly, the student debt load has come down significantly. We must continue to find innovative ways to engage and support these young people." Thestudentsat Benedictareextremelyimportantto theschoolandtheirwell-being–academically,socially,emotionallyand financiallyisthePresident'spriority

Thetypicalresponsibilitiesofacollege president,accordingtoRoslyn,include settingthecollege'sstrategicdirection andguidingvision,aswellas managingateamofindividualswho worktoaccomplishinstitutional objectivesintheareasoffundraising, communityinvolvement,infrastructure upkeepanddevelopment,academic programs,learningoutcomes,and technologyimplementation.She carriesoutthesedutieseverydayat Benedictwithadeepawarenessof, devotionto,andresponsibilityfor,the kidstheschoolserves.Herinteractions withherstudents—hearingtheir stories,addressingtheirissues,and recognizingtheir accomplishments—arethehighlightof herday.Shemakesthestatementthat herstudents“giveherlife”.

ALeaderandaMom Roslynisamother,awife,asister,a lawyer,ateacher,andthepresidentof anHBCU.Herbiggestconcernsare herfamilyandherbeliefs.Herduties asthecollegepresident,however,area logicalextensionofherowngoals.She sincerelycaresaboutherstudents' achievementsandtreatsthemasifthey wereherownchildren.Inordertogive themthebestchanceofsucceedingin theclassroomandbeyond,Roslyn aspirestobewell-preparedand dedicated.Sheusesherbackgroundas anattorneytohercollege'sandher students'advantage.Mostpeople characterizeRoslyn'scommitmentto thegrowthanddevelopmentofschools andinstitutionsthatserveunderserved menandwomenofcolorasbeing constant,purposeful,passionate,and fullydevoted.

KeystoConstantGrowth Roslynneverceasestolearn.Sheis bothapersonalandprofessional lifetimelearner.Shebelievesthatevery interaction,encounter,andexperience isworthwhile.Forinstance,obtaining alegaldegreeandadvocatingforher

clientstaughtheralotabouthuman natureandadvocacyingeneral.Today, Roslyn'sstudentsareherclients,and shefightsforthemjustasfiercelyas shedidwhenshewasaclient advocate.Shebelieves, "Leaders must continually evolve, learn, and grow –particularly higher education leaders. The student's profile, preferences, learning modalities and methods change rapidly. Yesterday's solutions won't solve tomorrow's problems."

Embracechangeandtheopportunityto grow,aschangeisconstantandit representsprogress—don'tfight change,embraceit! Roslynadvises decision-makerstobeopento ponderingadifferentviewpoint,afresh approach,oradifferenttactic. Technologyisdevelopingquickly thesedays.Leadersneedtobealmost equallynimble,adaptable,and adaptive.Roslynisavoraciousreader Shestrivestostaycurrentwith emergingtrendsandindustry standards.Sheisalmostsingularly focusedonresultsandisalways willingtoconsidernewwaysof achievingthegoal.

PracticeIntentionalEmpathy Asper Roslyn,thereisnosubstitutionfor kindnessandgenuineconcernforthe well-beingofothers,especiallyinher lineofwork. Sheasserts, "We are in the manufacturing business. We don't make widgets – we manufacture human capacity. We cannot hope to extract the best from our students until we make manifest our commitment to them." Shealsoadds, "Education is not something we "do" to our students. It is an iterative process that requires deep engagement. That engagement begins with placing yourselves in the students' position so that we can craft responses, policies, and practices that meet their needs.”

AsfarasRoslynseesit,leaderswho failtogrow,ceasetolearn,resist

President & CEO Benedict College

Roslyn Clark Artis

We

growing small businesses “

are also heavily invested in

change,andfailtoengagewithand listentotheirprimary constituents—thestudents—often createenvironmentsthatarenot conducivetostudentsuccess.

EducationSectorafterthePandemic

Theseongoingdifficultieshavegotten worseoverthepast28monthsasa resultofCOVID-19.Thepandemic compelledinstitutionslikeBenedictto keepourattentiononthemissionwhile alsodevelopingacompletelynewset oftacticsforaccomplishingthevision.

Enrollmentisthefundamental difficultyfacingallhighereducation. Accordingtodemographicpredictions, therewillbefewerstudentsincollege overthenexttenyears,whichwill makeitmoredifficulttoattractthebest andbrighteststudents.Higher educationisalsobeingimpactedby workforcechangesasbusinessesare startingtoundervalueacollegedegree infavorofcertificationandtraining programs.Highereducationmust figureouthowtocommunicateits valuepropositionforthetwenty-first centurytostudents,families, businesses,andthepublicsector.

Infrastructureisoneofthemainfactors influencingthecostofhigher education.Therequirementfor institutionstoquicklyadoptlearning managementsystemsandinstructional technologyhasincreasedasaresultof COVID-19.Costswillalsocontinueto bedrivenbystudentpreferencesand theunquenchableneedforluxurieson collegecampuses.Public-private collaborationwillbeessentialto overcometheseobstacles.Tomeet thesedifficulties,partnershipswith companiestoimprovecurriculaand encouragetechnologicalinvestments willbeessential.

Collegesmustoffercoursesthat,if completed,leadtolucrativejobs.At Benedict,themanagementishighly

receptivetothemarket.Thebusiness communityisinvolvedindetermining theirtopneeds.Ithasdoubleddownon high-demandfieldslikecybersecurity, informationtechnology,engineering, logistics,andsupplychain,recognizing thatstudentswhograduateinthese disciplinesareimmediately employable,therebymakingthe investmenttheymadeinpursuingthe degree,worthit.Roslynsays, "We are also heavily invested in growing small businesses." Inadditiontogettingjobs, theteamwantstoteachitsstudentsto createjobsandcreateamultiplier effectintheircommunities.Therefore, Benedicthasinvestedheavilyinits businessincubatoranditsnewly openedwomen'sbusinesscenter.It wantstohelpcreateandsustainsmall businesseswithinthecommunitiesit serves.

BeingaFemaleLeader

Asawomanofcolor,Roslynis intimatelyfamiliarwiththeterm "intersectionality."However,shefinds withcertaintythatbeingawomanhas hadafargreaterimpactonhercareer thanherrace.Roslynhashadto overcomeobstaclesrelatedtoher decisiontostartafamily.Duringthe threetofouryearsshewasgivingbirth toherchildren,hercareerwas essentiallyputinaholdingpatternwith minimalpossibilitiesforadvancement. Thejobrouteisalsorifewithpitfalls, suchaschildcareobligationsthat coincidewithafter-hoursmeetings, travel,andotherchancesthat frequentlyresultinadvancement opportunities.Shehasenduredthe humiliationofbeingaskedtoorder lunch,takemeetingminutes,and performmanyothertasksthatare normallyperformedbymembersofthe lessorsex.Shehaskepthermouthshut whilesexistremarkshavebeenmade outofconcernthatshewillcomeout ashavinga"chiponmyshoulder"or, worseyet,beingreferredtoasan "angryblackwoman.”

Roslynhasbeenhonoredto"breakthe glassceiling"attwohighereducation institutions.Despitesomemarked gains,womenremaingrossly underrepresentedintheupperreaches ofhighereducation.Shemarvelsat havingtheprivilegeofleadingtwo differentinstitutionsasthefirstfemale president.Forher,theappointments symbolizegrowthand achievement—personallyand professionally.Butmorethanthat,her appointmentsareasignaltotheyoung womenonhercampus,toherown daughter,andtolittlegirlseverywhere, thattheycanbewhatevertheydesire. RoslynistheChairofthePresidents' AdvisoryBoardforTitleIII Administrators,isamemberofthe EducationalTestingService(ETS) Presidents'AdvisoryCouncil,anda MemberoftheBoardofDirectorsfor theAmericanCouncilonEducation (ACE).ShealsoservesasanAdvisory BoardMemberfortheUniversityof SouthCarolina'sNationalResource CenterforFirst-YearExperienceand StudentsinTransitionandisaBoard

MemberfortheForumonEducation Abroad. SheisVice-Chairofthe "SouthernRegionalEducationBoard (SREB)HBCU/MSICollaboration";a memberoftheNationalBlackMBA NationalAdvisoryCouncil;andhas beennamedan"EquityinEnergy Ambassador"fortheUnitedStates DepartmentofEnergy.Shepreviously servedontheEducationAdvisory CommitteetotheSecretaryofthe DepartmentofHomelandSecurity,Jeh Johnson,duringtheObama Administration.

However,despitethesesuccesses,she isalwaysmindfulofthefactthatwhen theglassceilingbreaks,theshardsof glassoftencomerainingdownonthe womanwhobrokeit. Unreasonable expectations,micro-aggressions,and lackofmentorshipandsupportoften resultincareer"deathbyathousand cuts"forwomen.

TraitsofSuccessfulLeaders

AsRoslynseesit,firstandforemost, leadersmusthavepurposeandpassion fortheorganization,function,or peopletheyleadorserve.Itishardto betrulygreatatsomethingoneisnot committedto. Additionally,thereisno

substituteforhardworkand preparation. Sheinheritedan extremelystrongworkethicfromher parents.Theimportanceofstrong communicationskillscannotbe understated,bothverballyandin writing.Sheadds, "A vision is an illusion if no one can understand it but you."

Roslynalsobelievessuccessfulleaders areextremelycompetitiveandstriveto liveoutthevisionofthelateBenjamin E.Mays- "Whatever you do, strive to do it so well that no man living, no man dead, and no man yet to be born could do it any better." Ifone substitutesthewordwomanforman, heorshehasRoslyninanutshell.

Finally,andperhapsmostimportantly, leadersmusthaveagoodsenseof humortobalanceouttheintensityof theirworkethicandmakethem tolerabletobearound!

AdviceforEducationLeader- Find Good Mentors

Roslynwasfortunatetohavementors ateachstepofherprofessional development.Herfirstrolemodels outsideofherhouseholdwereher teachers.Herinstructors,thepresident ofheruniversity,andtheFirstLady(a lawyerandadministrativelawjudge) allhadasignificantinfluenceonher whenshewasatcollege.Shesaysthat otherblackfemaleattorneyspavedthe wayandwereaninvaluablesourceof adviceforherthroughoutherlegal career.Otherpresidents,especially femalepresidents,continuetoinspire, direct,andencourageherprofessional pathatthispointinhercareer They brokethroughtheceilingandopened doorsforothers,whoarenowfilling thesecrucialpositions.

Womenmustseekout sponsors—peopleinapositiontohire, recommend,andsupportthemin tangibleways.Roslynsuggeststhat youneverbeafraidtoseekout mentorshipandsponsorship!Sheoften findsthatwomenarehesitanttoaskfor help. Shesays, "Ask for the support you deserve – you are worth it! Never shy away from these critical relationships!"

Additionally,shesays–dothework, securethecredential,takeonthe challenge,bebold,bebraveandnever bestoppedbythetinytwo-letterword "no." Sheconsidersthatitissimplya wayofknowingthatone'sopportunity isrightaroundthecorner;itsimply meansnotnow

Girls Education

Teachers are at the center of society's fundamental building block, education. Today's youth will be tomorrow's leaders, thus it is the responsibility of educators to help them become future-ready.

Around 31 million females in the world who should be in primary school are not. And if current trends hold true, it's predicted that all girls in Sub-Saharan Africa won't finish elementary school until 2086.

Through this edition, we're recognizing five women who are using their voices, influence, and leadership to advance girls' education around the world. This is but a small sample of the millions of women driving change; it is by no means an exhaustive list.

MichelleObama,FormerFirst LadyoftheUnitedStates

In2015,Mrs.Obamaintroduced "LetGirlsLearn,"anewU.S.effort tosupportcommunity-focusedgirls' educationallacrosstheworld.Mrs. Obamahasregularlyspokenforthe needofeducatinggirlsaroundthe world.

7,000PeaceCorpsvolunteerswillbe utilizedbytheprojecttoaid hundredsofbrand-newneighborhood initiativesthatencouragegirls' attendanceandretentioninschool.

TheFirstLadystatedattheWhite Houseeventthatgirlsareourfuture entrepreneurs,teachers,anddoctors. Theyareourvisionariesand dreamers,andtheyhavethepowerto alterthecourseofhistory.

pathtobettereconomicprospects andsocialparticipation,sheadded.

MalalaYousafzai,Activist

YoungMalalaresistedPakistani fundamentalistsandtheirbrutal attacksbyhavingthegutstoattend school,andshewentontobecomea globalsymbolofthevalueof educatingfemales.2014sawMalala, then17yearsold,receivetheNobel PeacePrizeinrecognitionofher braveandpowerfulspeechesin supportofgirls'education.

Iwanttoberememberedasthe"girl whostruggledforschool,"notasthe "girlwhowasshotbytheTaliban," shestated."Iwanttodedicatemylife tothiscause,"thespeakersaid.

SheisthefounderoftheMalala Fund,whichworkstoimprove systemsandpoliciesattheglobal, national,andlocallevelstoensure thatgirlshaveaccesstohigh-quality education.

canseethattheyareandthatwhen theyarefree,thingswillchangefor womenasanaturalresult,"she remarkedataUNWomeneventin September2014.

GraçaMachel,activistand philanthropist

Ms.Machelhasspentherentirelife championinggirls'educationand children'srightsthroughher philanthropyandadvocacyworkat theGraçaMachelTrust.Shehasalso raisedawarenessaboutthescourge offemalegenitalmutilation,early childmarriage,andotherpractices thatpreventgirlsfromrealizingtheir fullpotential.

Sheandtheprimeministerof Norway,ErnaSolberg,co-wrotein anOp-Edpiecelastyearthat"too manygirlsarestunted,malnourished, deniedschool,andcoercedintoearly marriages.”

In2014,PresidentBachelet implementedacomprehensive educationreformprogramthat increasedthegovernment'sspending inpubliceducationduringhersecond non-consecutiveterm.

ShesupportedtheFundforGender Equality,whichoffersfundsto encouragecreativeinitiativesby governmentalorganizationsandcivil societyorganizationstopromote equalgenderaccesstohigh-quality education,inherpreviouspositionas ExecutiveDirectorofUNWomen. Weputalotofemphasisongirls' educationbecauseitputsthemona

EmmaWatson,Actress

Ms.WatsonservesasaGoodwill AmbassadorforUNWomen,a UnitedNationsagencydevotedto empoweringwomenandpromoting genderequality.Inthatcapacity,she startedtheHeForShemovement, whichencouragesmenandboysto helpbreakdownthesocialand culturalconstraintsthatkeepwomen andgirlsfromfullyparticipatingin society

"Wedon'toftentalkaboutguysbeing imprisonedbygendernormsbutI

Policymakersneedtoaddressthis genderdiscrepancybecauseitposes arisktothestabilityoffuture generations.

MichelleBachelet,Former PresidentofChile

Aschoolcannot functionwithoutits teachers.Effective educational programsdepend onteacherswho arequalified andhave the

necessaryexpertise.Ateachermust activelypromotegenderequalityin additiontoteachingthestandard subjects.Ateachermustimpartand instillsocial,cultural,andeconomic valuesinapupilinadditionto cultivatingtheirtalent,interests,and creativity

Itiscommonknowledgethatthere areanincreasingnumberofwomen workingasteachers.Thegender disparityintheteachingprofession willonlyworsenintheyearsto come,accordingtostatisticsonthe agedistributionofmaleandfemale instructors.Inlowersecondary schools,womenmakeup65%of instructorsovertheageof50and 70%ofteachersundertheageof30. 22ofthe35countrieswithdataon thispatternmaybefound.Concerns regardingfuturegenderimbalances atthelowerlevelsofeducation, wherewomencurrentlypredominate theprofession,areraisedbythe higherpercentageoffemaleyoung teachers.

Genderstereotypes,aswellasthe authorityandprestigeassociated withparticularpositionswithinthe profession,playasignificantrolein thegenderdisparitiesinteaching. Lesserproportionsoffemaleteachers arepresentathighereducational levels,in(considered)more prestigiousfieldsofstudy,andin

positionsofauthority,whichare indicationsofthis.Only43%of tertiaryeducationoccupationsare heldbywomen.Lessfrequentlythan malesteachscience,math,and technologycoursesinsecondary schools.Additionally,just45%of principalsarefemaleintheOECD countriesonaverage,despite68%of lowersecondaryteachersbeing female.Thisisespeciallynoteworthy becauseprincipalsarefrequently chosenfromfromtheranksof teachers,whichimpliesthatfemale teachershavealowerchanceof advancementtothepositionof principalthantheirmalecolleagues. Asaresult,thedisproportionate proportionofwomenintheteaching professionisalreadybiasedinfavor ofcertainoccupations:thoseatthe baseoftheeducationalpyramidand thebottomofthepowerhierarchy

Whydosomanywomenwanttobe teachers,then?Women'sdeliberate andintentionalchoices,aswellas labormarketcircumstances,social

conventions,andculturalmessages, allcontributetogenderdisparitiesin teaching.Women'sincreasedlabor forceparticipationinmanynations coincidedwiththedemandformore qualifiedinstructorstostaffgrowing educationalinstitutions.Thelowest percentagesoffemaleinstructorsare seeninnationslikeJapan,where femalelaborparticipationisoften low.Additionally,stereotypesthat portrayteachingasajobthat occasionallyresemblesparenting alsolikelyhaveanimpact, particularlyonyoungergenerations ofwomenwhoseemtovalue parenthoodmorethantheirownbaby boomermothersdid.Womenappear tobemoreattractedtolaborlaws thatletteacherstoworkpart-time andtoflexiblybalancejob,family life,andchildcare.