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DUVAL COUNTY

Duval county is a county located in the State of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 864,263. Its county seat is Jacksonville, with which the Duval County government has been consolidated since 1968. Duval County was established in 1822, and is named for William Pope Duval, Governor of Florida Territory from 1822 to 1834. Duval County is included in the Jacksonville, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

This area had been settled by varying cultures of indigenous peoples for thousands of years before European contact. Within the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve in Jacksonville, archeologists have excavated remains of some of the oldest pottery in the United States, dating to 2500 BCE. Prior to European contact, the area was inhabited by the Mocama, a Timucuan-speaking group who lived throughout the coastal areas of northern Florida. At the time Europeans arrived, much of what is now World Views Guides

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Duval County was controlled by the Saturiwa, one of the most powerful tribes in the region. The area that became Duval County was home to the 16th-century French colony of Fort Caroline, and saw increased European settlement in the 18th century with the establishment of Cowford, later renamed Jacksonville.

Jacksonville, although the Duval County cities of Atlantic Beach, Baldwin, Jacksonville Beach, and Neptune Beach are not included in the corporate limits of Jacksonville, and maintain their own municipal

Duval County was created in 1822 from St. Johns County. It was named for William Pope Duval, Governor of Florida Territory from 1822 to 1834. When Duval County was created, it covered a massive area, from the Suwannee River on the west to the Atlantic Ocean on the east, north of a line from the mouth of the Suwannee River to Jacksonville on the St. Johns River. Alachua and Nassau counties were created out of parts of Duval County in 1824. Clay County was created from part of Duval County in 1858. Part of St. Johns County south and east of the lower reaches of the St. Johns River was transferred to Duval County in the 1840s.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 918 square miles (2,380 km2), of which 762 square miles (1,970 km2) is land and 156 square miles (400 km2) (17.0%) is water. The topography is coastal plain; however there are some rolling hills.

On October 1, 1968, the government of Duval County was consolidated with the government of the city of

governments.

Geography

National protected areas Fort Caroline National Memorial Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve

• •

Adjacent counties • • • •

Nassau County - north St. Johns County southeast Clay County - southwest Baker County - west

Demographics

Historical population Census Pop. %± 1830 1,970 — 1840 4,156 1850 4,539 9.2% 1860 5,074 11.8% 1870 11,921 1880 19,431 63.0% 1890 26,800 37.9% 1900 39,733 48.3% 1910 75,163 89.2% 1920 51.1% 1930 37.0% 1940 35.1% 1950 44.7% 1960 49.8% 1970 16.1% 1980 8.0% 1990 17.9% 2000 15.7% 2010 11.0% Est. 2.5% 2013 U.S. Decennial Census 1790-1960 1900-1990 1990-2000 2010-2013 As of the census of 2010, there Tagalog as their first language. 9.60% from 18 to 24, 32.40% were 864,263 people, 342,450 There were 342,450 from 25 to 44, 21.20% from 45 households, and 218,254 households out of which to 64, and 10.50% who were families residing in the county. 28.90% had children under 65 years of age or older. The The population density was the age of 18 living with them, median age was 34 years. For 1,117 people per square mile 43.60% were married couples every 100 females there were (389/km²). There were 388,486 living together, 14.80% had a 94.20 males. For every 100 housing units at an average female householder with no females age 18 and over, there density of 502 per square husband present, and 37.0% were 90.90 males. mile (241/km²). The racial were non-families. 30.10% of The median income for a makeup of the county was all households were made up household in the county was 60.90% White, 29.50% Black of individuals and 8.10% had $49,463, and the median or African American, 0.40% someone living alone who was income for a family was Native American, 4.20% 65 years of age or older. The $60,114. Males had a median Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, average household size was income of $42,752 versus 2.10% from other races, and 2.54 and the average family $34,512 for females. The per 2.90% from two or more races. size was 3.20. capita income for the county 7.90% of the population were was $25,854. About 10.40% Hispanic or Latino of any race. In the county (2000) the of families and 14.20% of 87.40% spoke English (only), population was spread out with the population were below 5.70% Spanish and 2.80% 26.30% under the age of 18, World Views Guides | June 2014

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the poverty line, including in 1968. Consolidation gave 20.30% of those under age 18 Jacksonville its great size and and 9.6%0% of those age 65 or placed most of its metropolitan population within the city over. limits; with an estimated population in 2012 of 836,507, it is the most populous city Politics proper in Florida and the Due to the 1968 consolidation, Southeast, and the 12th most the mayor and the Jacksonville populous in the United States. City Council govern instead Jacksonville is the principal of County Commissioners. city in the Jacksonville According to the Supervisor metropolitan area, with a of Elections website, for the population of 1,345,596 in 2008 general election there 2010. were 536,584 registered voters in Duval County, of which Jacksonville is in the First 417,599 cast ballots for a voter Coast region of northeast Florida and is centered on the turnout of 77.83%. banks of the St. Johns River, Presidential elections results about 25 miles (40 km) south of the Georgia state line and Library about 340 miles (550 km) north Duval County is served by the of Miami. The Jacksonville Jacksonville Public Library. Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic Communities coast. The area was originally 1. 842,583 - Jacksonville inhabited by the Timucua 2. 21,823 - Jacksonville people, and in 1564 was the site of the French colony Beach 3. 12,985 - Atlantic Beach of Fort Caroline, one of the 4. 7,124 - Neptune Beach earliest European settlements in what is now the continental 5. 1,430 - Baldwin United States. Under British rule, settlement grew at the narrow point in the river Jacksonville is the largest city where cattle crossed, known as in the U.S. state of Florida by Wacca Pilatka to the Seminole population and the largest city and Cowford to the British. A by area in the contiguous United platted town was established States. It is the county seat of there in 1822, a year after the Duval County, with which the United States gained Florida city government consolidated from Spain; it was named

after Andrew Jackson, the first military governor of the Florida Territory and seventh President of the United States. Harbor improvements since the late 19th century have made Jacksonville a major military and civilian deepwater port. Its riverine location facilitates two U.S. Navy bases and the Port of Jacksonville, Florida’s third largest seaport. Significant factors in the local economy include services such as banking, insurance, healthcare and logistics. As with much of Florida, tourism is also important to the Jacksonville area, particularly tourism related to golf. In 2010, Jacksonville was listed as a “high sufficiency” world city in the World Cities Study Group’s inventory, ranking alongside cities such as Liverpool and Las Vegas. People from Jacksonville are known as “Jacksonvillians” or “Jaxons”. The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years. On Black Hammock Island in the national Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, a University of North Florida team discovered some of the oldest remnants of pottery in the United States, dating to 2500 BC. In the 16th century, the beginning of the historical era, the region was inhabited World Views Guides | June 2014

by the Mocama, a coastal subgroup of the Timucua people. At the time of contact with Europeans, all Mocama villages in present-day Jacksonville were part of the powerful chiefdom known as the Saturiwa, centered around the mouth of the St. Johns River. One early map shows a village called Ossachite at the site of what is now downtown Jacksonville; this may be the earliest recorded name for that area. European explorers first arrived in the area 1562, when French Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault charted the St. Johns River. In 1564, René Goulaine de Laudonnière established the first European settlement, Fort Caroline, on the St. Johns near the main village of the Saturiwa. On September 20, 1565, a Spanish force from the nearby Spanish settlement of St. Augustine attacked Fort Caroline, and killed nearly all the French soldiers defending it. The Spanish renamed the fort San Mateo, and following the ejection of the French, St. Augustine’s position as the most important settlement in Florida was solidified. Spain ceded Florida to the British in 1763 after the French and Indian War, and the British soon constructed the King’s Road connecting St. Augustine to Georgia. The World Views Guides

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road crossed the St. Johns River at a narrow point, which the Seminole called Wacca Pilatka and the British named the “Cow Ford”, both names ostensibly reflecting the fact that cattle were brought across the river there. Britain ceded control of the territory back to Spain in 1783, after its defeat in the American Revolutionary War, and the settlement at the Cow Ford continued to grow. After Spain ceded the Florida Territory to the United States in 1821, American settlers on the north side of the Cow Ford decided to plan a town, laying out the streets and plats. They soon named the town “Jacksonville,” after Andrew Jackson. Led by Isaiah D. Hart, residents wrote a charter for a town government, which was approved by the Florida Legislative Council on February 9, 1832.

Confederate forces. Warfare and the long occupation left the city disrupted after the war.

During Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, Jacksonville and nearby St. Augustine became popular winter resorts for the rich and famous. Visitors arrived by steamboat and later by railroad. President Grover Cleveland attended the SubTropical Exposition in the city on February 22, 1888 during his trip to Florida. This highlighted the visibility of the state as a worthy place for tourism. The city’s tourism, however, was dealt major blows in the late 19th century by yellow fever outbreaks. In addition, extension of the Florida East Coast Railway further south drew visitors to other areas. From 1893 to 1938 Jacksonville was the site of the Florida Old Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Home During the American Civil with a nearby cemetery. War, Jacksonville was a key On May 3, 1901, downtown supply point for hogs and cattle Jacksonville was ravaged by being shipped from Florida to a fire that started at a fiber aid the Confederate cause. The factory. Known as the “Great city was blockaded by Union Fire of 1901”, it was one of forces, who gained control the worst disasters in Florida of the nearby Fort Clinch. history and the largest urban From 1862, they controlled fire in the southeastern United the city and most of the First States. In just eight hours, it Coast for the duration of the destroyed the business district war. Though no battles were and left approximately 10,000 fought in Jacksonville proper, residents homeless. It is said the city changed hands several the glow from the flames could times between Union and be seen in Savannah, Georgia,

and the smoke plumes seen in Raleigh, North Carolina. Architect Henry John Klutho was a primary figure in the reconstruction of the city. More than 13,000 buildings were constructed between 1901 and 1912.

the construction of three naval that the city of Jacksonville bases in the city. begin annexing outlying Jacksonville, like most large communities in order to create cities in the United States, the needed tax base to improve suffered from negative effects services throughout the county. of rapid urban sprawl after Voters outside the city limits World War II. The construction rejected annexation plans in of highways led residents to six referendums between 1960 and 1965. In the 1910s, New York–based move to newer housing in the filmmakers were attracted to suburbs. After World War II, In the mid-1960s, corruption Jacksonville’s warm climate, the government of the city of scandals began to arise among exotic locations, excellent Jacksonville began to increase many of the city’s officials, rail access, and cheap labor. spending to fund new public who were mainly elected Over the course of the decade, building projects in the boom through the traditional old boy more than 30 silent film that occurred after the war. network. After a grand jury studios were established, Mayor W. Haydon Burns’ was convened to investigate, earning Jacksonville the title Jacksonville Story resulted in 11 officials were indicted and of “Winter Film Capital of the construction of a new city more were forced to resign. the World”. However, the hall, civic auditorium, public Jacksonville Consolidation, emergence of Hollywood as a library and other projects led by J. J. Daniel and Claude major film production center that created a dynamic sense Yates, began to win more ended the city’s film industry. of civic pride. However, support during this period, One converted movie studio the development of suburbs from both inner city blacks, site, Norman Studios, remains and a subsequent wave of who wanted more involvement in Arlington; It has been middle class “white flight” in government, and whites in converted to the Jacksonville left Jacksonville with a much the suburbs, who wanted more Silent Film Museum at Norman poorer population than before. services and more control over Studios. The city’s most populous the central city. In 1964 all 15 During this time, Jacksonville ethnic group, non-Hispanic of Duval County’s public high also became a banking white, declined from 75.8% in schools lost their accreditation. and insurance center, with 1970 to 55.1% by 2010. This added momentum to companies such as Barnett Much of the city’s tax proposals for government Bank, Atlantic National base dissipated, leading reform. Lower taxes, increased Bank, Florida National to problems with funding economic development, Bank, Prudential, Gulf Life, education, sanitation, and unification of the community, Afro-American Insurance, traffic control within the city better public spending and Independent Life and limits. In addition, residents effective administration by a American Heritage Life in unincorporated suburbs had more central authority were thriving in the business district. difficulty obtaining municipal all cited as reasons for a new The U.S. Navy also became a services, such as sewage and consolidated government. major employer and economic building code enforcement. In When a consolidation force during the 1940s, with 1958, a study recommended referendum was held in World Views Guides | June 2014

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1967, voters approved the plan. On October 1, 1968, the governments merged to create the Consolidated City of Jacksonville. Fire, police, health & welfare, recreation, public works, and housing & urban development were all combined under the new government. In honor of the occasion, then-Mayor Hans Tanzler posed with actress Lee Meredith behind a sign marking the new border of the “Bold New City of the South” at Florida 13 and Julington Creek. The Better Jacksonville Plan, promoted as a blueprint for Jacksonville’s future and approved by Jacksonville voters in 2000, authorized a half-penny sales tax. This would generate most of the revenue required for the $2.25 billion package of major

projects that included road & in 1967, was the tallest precast, infrastructure improvements, post-tensioned concrete environmental preservation, structure in the world. targeted economic development and new or Landmarks improved public facilities.

Landmarks The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville’s skyline is the Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990 as the Barnett Center. It has a height of 617 ft (188 m) and includes 42 floors. Other notable structures include the 37-story Wells Fargo Center (with its distinctive flared base making it the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline), originally built in 1972-74 by the Independent Life and Accident Insurance Company, and the 28 floor Riverplace Tower which, when completed Demographics Historical population Census Pop. %± 1850 1,045 — 1860 2,118 1870 6,912 1880 7,650 10.7% 1890 17,201 1900 28,429 65.3% 1910 57,699 1920 91,558 58.7% 1930 41.5% 1940 33.6% 1950 18.0% 1960 −1.6% 1970 1980 2.3% 1990 17.4% 2000 15.8% 2010 11.7% Est. 1.8% 2012 Source: 2010

The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville’s skyline is the Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990 as the Barnett Center. It has a height of 617 ft (188 m) and includes 42 floors. Other notable structures include the 37-story Wells Fargo Center (with its distinctive flared base making it the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline), originally built in 1972-74 by the Independent Life and Accident Insurance Company, and the 28 floor Riverplace Tower which, when completed in 1967, was the tallest precast, post-tensioned concrete structure in the world.

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Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the twelfth most populous city in the United States. As of 2010, there were 821,784 people and 366,273 households in the city. The largest ancestries include: German (9.6%), American (9.3%), Irish (9.0%), English (8.5%), and Italian (3.5%). Jacksonville has the country’s tenth-largest Arab population, with a total population of 5,751 according to the 2000 United States Census. Jacksonville has Florida’s largest Filipino American community, with 25,033 in the metropolitan area as of the 2010 Census. Much of Jacksonville’s Filipino community served in or has ties to the United States Navy. Jacksonville also has a large and growing Puerto Rican population.

population was spread out with 26.7% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.6 males.

As of 2010, there were 366,273 households out of which 11.8% were vacant. As of 2000, 33.9% of households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.07. In the city, the

As of the 2006–2008 American Community Survey, 88.1% of Jacksonville’s population age five and over spoke only English at home while 5.2% of the population spoke Spanish at home. About 3.2% spoke other Indo-European languages at home. About 2.5% spoke an Asian language at home. The remaining 0.9% of the population spoke other languages at home.

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In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $40,316, and the median income for a family was $47,243. Males had a median income of $32,547 versus $25,886 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,337. About 9.4% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.7% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, speakers of English as a first language accounted for 90.60% of all residents, while those who

spoke Spanish made up 4.13%, Tagalog 1.00%, French 0.47%, Arabic 0.44%, German 0.43%, Vietnamese at 0.31%, Russian was 0.21% and Italian made up 0.17% of the population. Jacksonville’s location on the St. Johns River and the Atlantic Ocean proved providential in the growth of the city and its industry. Jacksonville has the largest deepwater port in the South (as well as the second-largest port on the U.S. East coast) and a leading port in the U.S. for automobile imports, as well as the leading transportation and distribution hub in the state. However, the strength of the city’s economy lies in its broad diversification. While the area once had many thriving dairies such as Gustafson’s Farm and Skinner Dairy, this aspect of the economy has declined over time. The area’s economy is balanced among distribution, financial services, biomedical technology, consumer goods, information services, manufacturing, insurance and other industries. Jacksonville is a rail, air, and highway focal point and a busy port of entry, with Jacksonville International Airport, ship repair yards and extensive freight-handling facilities. Lumber, phosphate, paper, cigars and wood pulp are the principal exports; automobiles

and coffee are among imports. The city’s manufacturing base provides just 4.5% of local jobs, versus 8.5% nationally. According to Forbes in 2007, Jacksonville, Florida ranked 3rd in the top ten U.S. cities to relocate to find a job. Jacksonville was also the 10th fastest growing city in the U.S. Jacksonville is home to many prominent corporations and organizations, including the headquarters of four Fortune 500 companies: CSX Corporation, Fidelity National Financial, Fidelity National Information Services and BILO (United States) including it’s subsidiary Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc.. In addition to CSX, the Florida East Coast Railway as well as Swisher International Group and the large short line railroad holding company RailAmerica are also based in Jacksonville. In 2008, Jacksonville had approximately 2.8 million visitors who stayed overnight, spending nearly $1 billion. Research Data Services of Tampa was commissioned to undertake the study, which quantified the importance of tourism. The total economic impact was $1.6 billion and supported nearly 43,000 jobs, 10% of the local workforce.

which closed in 1999 following the 1993 Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) decision. Covering a total area of 22,939 acres (92.83 km2), it was the largest military base in the Jacksonville area. The parcel contains more than 3% of the total land area in Duval County (17,000 acres (69 km2)). The industrial and commercial-zoned center offers mid to large-size parcels for development and boasts excellent transportation and utility infrastructure as well as the third-longest runway in Florida. To emphasize the city’s transportation business and capabilities, the Jacksonville Regional Chamber of Commerce filed Jacksonville America’s Logistics Center as a trademark on November 9, 2007. It was formally registered on August 4, 2009. Cornerstone began promoting the city as “Jacksonville: America’s Logistics Center” in 2009. Signs were added to the existing city limit markers on Interstate 95.

Jacksonville is home to multiple military facilities, and with Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay nearby gives Jacksonville the third largest naval presence in the country.[ Cecil Commerce Center is Only Norfolk, Virginia and San located on the site of the former Diego, California are bigger. Naval Air Station Cecil Field The military is by far the largest

employer in Jacksonville and its total economic impact is approximately $6.1 billion annually. Naval Air Station Jacksonville is a military airport located 4 miles (6.4 km) south of the central business district. Approximately 23,000 civilian and active-duty personnel are employed on the base. There are 35 operational units/squadrons assigned there and support facilities include an airfield for pilot training, a maintenance depot capable of virtually any task, from changing a tire to intricate micro-electronics or total engine disassembly. Also on-site is a Naval Hospital, a Fleet Industrial Supply Center, a Navy Family Service Center, and recreational facilities. Naval Station Mayport is a Navy Ship Base that is the third largest fleet concentration area in the United States. Mayport’s operational composition is unique, with a busy harbor capable of accommodating 34 ships and an 8,000-foot (2,400 m) runway capable of handling any aircraft used by the Department of Defense. Until 2007, it was home to the aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy, which locals called “Big John”. In January 2009, the Navy committed to stationing a nuclear-powered carrier at Mayport when the official Record of Decision was World Views Guides | June 2014

signed. The port will require approximately $500 million in facility enhancements to support the larger vessel, which will take several years to complete. The carrier is projected to arrive in 2019, however an amphibious group is coming sooner. Blount Island Command is a Marine Corps Logistics Base whose mission is to support the Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF) which provides for rapid deployment of personnel to link up with prepositioned equipment and supplies embarked aboard forward deployed Maritime Prepositioning Ships (MPS). USS Jacksonville, a nuclearpowered Los Angeles class submarine, is a US Navy ship named for the city. The ship’s nickname is The Bold One and Norfolk, Virginia is her home port. The Florida Air National Guard is based at Jacksonville International Airport. Coast Guard Sector Jacksonville is located on the St. Johns River next to Naval Station Mayport. Sector Jacksonville controls operations from Kings Bay, GA south to Cape Canaveral, FL. The CGC Kingfisher, CGC Maria Bray, and CGC Hammer are stationed at the Sector.

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Station Mayport is co-located with Sector Jacksonville and includes 25-foot (7.6 m) Response Boats, and 47-foot (14 m) Motor Life Boats. The Port of Jacksonville, a seaport on the St. Johns River, is a large component of the local economy. Approximately 50,000 jobs in Northeast Florida are related to port activity and the port has an economic impact of $2.7 billion in Northeast Florida: Jacksonville operates the largest urban park system in the United States, providing facilities and services at more than 337 locations on more than 80,000 acres (320 km2) located throughout the city. Jacksonville enjoys natural beauty from the St. Johns River and Atlantic Ocean. Many parks provide access for people to boat, swim, fish, sail, jetski, surf and waterski. Several parks around the city have received international recognition. Hemming Plaza is Jacksonville’s first and oldest park. It is downtown and surrounded by government buildings. Riverside Park and Memorial Park are the city’s second and third oldest parks (respectively), and located in the historic Riverside area. Tree Hill Nature Center is a nature

preserve and environmental education center located five minutes from Downtown Jacksonville. The Jacksonville Arboretum & Gardens broke ground on a new center in April, 2007 and held their grand opening on November 15, 2008. The Veterans Memorial Wall is a tribute to local servicemen and women killed while serving in US armed forces. A ceremony is held each Memorial Day recognizing any service woman or man from Jacksonville who died in the previous year. The Treaty Oak is a massive, 250 year-old tree at Jessie Ball DuPont Park in downtown. Office workers from nearby buildings sit on benches to eat lunch or read a book in the shade of its canopy. The Friendship Fountain has been one of Jacksonville’s most recognizable and popular attractions, it features a light show and music each evening. The Jacksonville-Baldwin Rail Trail is a linear city park which runs 14.5 miles (23.3 km) from Imeson Road to a point past Baldwin, Florida.

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Law and government The most noteworthy feature of Jacksonville government is its consolidated nature. The Duval County-Jacksonville consolidation eliminated any type of separate county executive or legislature, and supplanted these positions with the Mayor of Jacksonville and the City Council of the City of Jacksonville, respectively. Because of this, voters who live outside of the city limits of Jacksonville but inside Duval County are allowed to vote in elections for these positions and to run for them. In fact, in 1995, John Delaney, a resident of Neptune Beach, was elected mayor of the city of Jacksonville.

Jacksonville uses the Mayor-Council form of city government, also called the Strong-Mayor form, in which a mayor serves as the city’s Chief Executive and Administrative officer. The mayor holds veto power over all resolutions and ordinances made by the city council and also has the power to hire and fire the head of various city departments. The current mayor is Alvin Brown, who assumed office on July 1, 2011. Jacksonville and Duval County historically maintained separate police agencies: the Jacksonville Police Department and Duval County Sheriff’s Office. As part of consolidation in 1968, the two merged, creating the Jacksonville Sheriff’s Office World Views Guides

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(JSO). The JSO is headed by the elected Sheriff of Jacksonville, currently John Rutherford, and is responsible for law enforcement and corrections in the county. In 2010, Duval County’s crime rate was 5,106 per 100,000 people, according to the Florida Department of Law Enforcement. The county’s murder rate had been the highest among Florida’s counties with a population of 500,000 or more for eleven years in 2009, leading to widespread discussion in the community about how to deal with the problem. In 2010 Duval County’s violent crime rate decreased by 9.3% from the previous year, with total crime decreasing 7.3%, putting the murder rate behind that of

Miami-Dade County. Some government services remained — as they had been before consolidation – independent of both city and county authority. In accordance with Florida law, the school board continues to exist with nearly complete autonomy. Jacksonville also has several quasi-independent government agencies which only nominally answer to the consolidated authority, including electric authority, port authority, transportation authority, housing authority and airport authority. The main environmental and agricultural body is the Duval County Soil and Water Conservation District, which works closely with other area and state agencies.

Federally, most of the city is in the 4th district, represented by Republican Ander Crenshaw. Most of central Jacksonville is in the 5th district, represented by Democrat Corinne Brown. The 4th and 5th districts are some of the most gerrymandered districts in the country.

Education

with campuses in Clay, St. public high schools, coming in Johns, and Putnam Counties, respectively at #3 #7, and #8 Jacksonville is home to a and Flagler College in St. in the 2010 edition. Five other schools, Douglas Anderson number of institutions of higher Augustine. School of the Arts (#33), education. The University of Mandarin High School (#97), North Florida (UNF), opened in 1972, is a public institution Primary and Duncan U. Fletcher High School (#205) Sandalwood and a member of the State secondary High School (#210), and University System of Florida. Englewood High School Former mayor John Delaney (#1146) were also included in has been president of UNF education the list. since leaving office in July Public primary and secondary 2003. Jacksonville University The Roman Catholic Diocese schools in Jacksonville and (JU) is a private institution of St. Augustine operates a founded in 1934. Edward Duval County are administered number of Catholic schools Waters College, established by Duval County Public in Jacksonville, including two in 1866, is the oldest college Schools, which is governed high schools, Bishop Kenny in Jacksonville and the by an elected, seven-member High School and Bishop John state’s oldest historically Duval County School Board. J. Snyder High School Other black college. Florida State In the 2009-2010 school year private schools in Jacksonville College at Jacksonville is a the district enrolled 123,000 include Arlington Country state college and a member of students. It administers 172 Day School, the Bolles School, the Florida College System, total schools, including 103 Trinity Christian Academy, offering two-year associate’s elementary schools, 25 middle and the Episcopal School of degrees as well as some four- schools, 19 high schools, 3 K-8 Jacksonville. year bachelor’s degrees. The schools, and 1 6-12 school, University of Florida has its as well as 13 charter schools second campus of the J. Hillis and a juvenile justice school Media Miller Health Science Center program. Of these, 62 are designated magnet schools. The Florida Times-Union is in Jacksonville. the major daily newspaper Other colleges and universities Three of Jacksonville’s high in Jacksonville and the First in Jacksonville include Florida schools, Stanton College Coast. Jacksonville.com is its Coastal School of Law, The Preparatory School, Darnellofficial website. The Financial Art Institute of Jacksonville, Cookman Middle/High School News & Daily Record is a daily and Jones College. Also in Paxon School for Advanced paper focused on the business the area are St. Johns River Studies regularly appear at the and legal communities. State College, a state college top of Newsweek magazine’s papers include annual list of the country’s top Weekly World Views Guides | June 2014

the Jacksonville Business Journal, an American City Business Journals publication focused on business news, Folio Weekly, the city’s chief alternative weekly, and The Florida Star and the Jacksonville Free Press, two weeklies catering to African Americans. EU Jacksonville is a monthly entertainment magazine. Metro Jacksonville is an online-only publication. In the early 20th century, New York-based moviemakers were attracted to Jacksonville’s warm climate, exotic locations, excellent rail access, and cheaper labor, earning the city the title of “The Winter Film Capital of the World”. Over 30 movie studios were opened and thousands of silent films produced between 1908 and the 1920s, when most studios relocated to Hollywood, California. Since that time, Jacksonville has been chosen by a number of film and television studios for on-location shooting. Notable motion pictures that have been partially or completely shot in Jacksonville since the silent film era include Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954), The New Adventures of Pippi Longstocking (1988), Brenda Starr (1989), G.I. Jane (1997), The Devil’s Advocate (1997), Ride (1998), Why Do Fools Fall In Love (1998), Forces World Views Guides

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of Nature (1999), Tigerland (2000), Sunshine State (2002), Basic (2003), The Manchurian Candidate (2004), Lonely Hearts (2006), Moving McAllister (2007), The Year of Getting to Know Us (2008), The Ramen Girl and Like Dandelion Dust. Jacksonville is the 47th largest local television market in the United States, and is served by television stations affiliated with major American networks including WTLV (NBC/The Country Network), WJXX (ABC/NBC Weather Plus), WTEV (CBS/Cool TV), WAWS (Fox/My Network TV), WJCT (PBS),and WCWJ (CW). WJXT is a former longtime CBS affiliate that turned independent in 2002. Notable television series or made-for-television films that have been partially or completely shot in Jacksonville include Inherit the Wind (1988), Orpheus Descending (1990), Saved by the Light (1995), The Babysitter’s Seduction (1996), First Time Felon (1997), Safe Harbor (2009), Recount (2008), and American Idol (2009). Jacksonville is the 46th largest local radio market in the United States, and is dominated by the same two large ownership groups that dominate the radio industry across the United States: Cox Radio and Clear

Channel Communications. The dominant AM radio station in terms of ratings is WOKV 690AM, which is also the flagship station for the Jacksonville Jaguars. In September 2006, WOKV began simulcasting on 106.5 FM as WOKV FM. There are two radio stations broadcasting a primarily contemporary hits format; WAPE 95.1 has dominated this niche for over twenty years, and more recently has been challenged by WFKS 97.9 FM (KISS FM). WJBT 93.3 (The Beat) is a hip-hop/R&B station, WSOS-FM 94.1 is a Classic rock station, WWJK 107.3 is an oldies station. WXXJ 102.9 is an alternative station, WFYV 104.5—Rock 105 Jacksonville is a Classic rock and alternative station, WQIK 99.1 is a country station as well as WGNE-FM 99.9, WCRJ FM 88.1 (The Promise) is the main Contemporary Christian station operating since 1984, WHJX 105.7 and WFJO 92.5 plays music in Spanish like salsa, merengue, and reggaeton, and WJCT 89.9 is the local National Public Radio affiliate. Local Jones College also hosts an easy listening station, WKTZ 90.9 FM. The NPR and PRX radio show, State of the Re:Union, hosted by performance poet and playwright, Al Letson, is headquartered and produced in

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Jacksonville. Infrastructure Major players in the Jacksonville health care industry include St. Vincent’s HealthCare, Baptist Health and UF Health Jacksonville for local residents. Additionally, Nemours Children’s Clinic and Mayo Clinic Hospital each draw patients regionally.

Housing The Jacksonville Housing Authority (JHA) is the quasi-independent agency responsible for public housing and subsidized housing in Jacksonville. The Mayor and City Council of Jacksonville established the JHA in 1994 to create an effective, community service oriented, public housing agency with innovative ideas and a different attitude. The primary goal was to provide safe, clean, affordable housing for eligible low and moderate income families, the elderly, and persons with disabilities. The secondary goal was to provide effective social services, work with residents to improve their quality of life, encourage employment and self-sufficiency, and help residents move out of assisted housing. To that end, JHA works with HabiJax to help low and moderate income families World Views Guides

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to escape the public housing cycle and become successful, productive, homeowners and taxpayers. Non-profit/service organizations For more details on this topic, see List of non-profit organizations in Jacksonville, Florida. The TaxExemptWorld.com website, which compiles Internal Revenue Service data, reported that in 2007, there are 2,910 distinct, active, tax exempt/non-profit organizations in Jacksonville which, excluding Credit Unions, had a total income of $7.08 billion and assets of $9.54 billion. There are 333 charitable organizations with assets of over $1 million. The largest share of assets was tied to Medical facilities, $4.5 billion. The problems of the homeless are addressed by several non-profits, most notably the Sulzbacher Center and the Clara White Mission.

Utilities

“JEA is authorized to own, manage and operate a utilities system within and outside the City of Jacksonville. JEA is created for the express purpose of acquiring, constructing, operating, financing and otherwise have plenary authority with respect to electric, water, sewer, natural gas and such other utility systems as may be under its control now or in the future.” People’s Gas is Jacksonville’s natural gas provider. Comcast is Jacksonville’s local cable provider. AT&T (formerly BellSouth) is Jacksonville’s local phone provider, and their U-Verse service offers TV, internet, and VoIP phone service to customers served by fiberto-the-premises or fiber-tothe-node using a VRAD. The city has a successful recycling program with separate pickups for garbage, yard waste and recycling. Collection is provided by several private companies under contract to the City of Jacksonville.

Basic utilities in Jacksonville Transportation (water, sewer, electric) are provided by JEA (formerly Rail transportation the Jacksonville Electric Authority). According to The Jacksonville Skyway is Article 21 of the Jacksonville an automated people mover City Charter, connecting Florida State

College at Jacksonville downtown campus, the Northbank central business district, Convention Center, and Southbank locations. The system includes 8 stops connected by two lines. The existing train is a UMIII monorail built by Bombardier. The guideway consists of concrete beams which rest atop an unusually large support structure not used in most monorail systems. Maximum speed for the train is 48 km/h (30 mph). A monorail was first proposed in 1970s as part of a mobility plan hoping to attract interest from the Urban Mass Transit Administration’s Downtown Peoplemover Program. The initial study was undertaken by the Florida Department of Transportation and Jacksonville’s planning department, who took the Skyway project to the Jacksonville Transportation Authority (JTA) in 1977. Following further development and a final 18-month feasibility study, the UMTA selected Jacksonville as one of seven cities to receive federal funding for an automated people mover. Two other related projects are Miami’s Metromover and Detroit’s People Mover. UMTA’s approved plan called for the construction of a 2.5mile (4.0 km) Phase I system

to be built in three segments.

departures a day, with 27 nonstop destination cities. Airports in Jacksonville are managed by the Jacksonville Aviation Authority (JAA). Smaller aircraft use Jacksonville Executive at Craig Airport(IATA: CRG, ICAO: KCRG, FAA LID: CRG) in Arlington, Herlong Recreational Airport(ICAO: KHEG, FAA LID: HEG) on the Westside, and Cecil Airport(IATA: VQQ, ICAO: KVQQ, FAA LID: VQQ), at Cecil Commerce Center. The state of Florida has designated Cecil Airport a space port, allowing horizontal lift spacecraft to use the facility.

Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides daily service from the Jacksonville Amtrak Station on Clifford Lane in the northwest section of the city. Two trains presently stop there, the Silver Meteor and Silver Star. Jacksonville was also served by the thriceweekly Sunset Limited and the daily Silver Palm. Service on the Silver Palm was cut back to Savannah, Georgia in 2002. The Sunset Limited route was truncated at San Antonio, Texas as a result of the track damage in the Gulf Coast area caused by Hurricane Katrina on August 28, 2005. Service was restored as far east as Seaports New Orleans by late October 2005, but Amtrak has opted Public seaports in Jacksonville not to fully restore service into are managed by the Florida. Jacksonville Port Authority, Jacksonville is the headquarters known as JAXPORT. Four of two significant freight modern deepwater (38 ft) railroads. CSX Transportation, seaport facilities, including owns a large building on the America’s newest cruise port, downtown riverbank that is a make Jacksonville a fullsignificant part of the skyline. service international seaport. FY2006, JAXPORT Florida East Coast Railway In also calls Jacksonville home. handled 8.7 million tons of cargo, including nearly 610,000 vehicles, which ranks Air transportation Jacksonville 2nd in the nation Jacksonville is served by in automobile handling, behind Jacksonville International only the Port Authority of New Airport(IATA: JAX, ICAO: York and New Jersey. KJAX, FAA LID: JAX), 13 miles north of downtown. The 20 other maritime Jacksonville International facilities not managed by the Airport (JAX) has 82 Port Authority move about 10 World Views Guides | June 2014

million tons of additional cargo in and out of the St. Johns River. In terms of total tonnage, the Port of Jacksonville ranks 40th nationally; within Florida, it is 3rd behind Tampa and Port Everglades.

and organizations. Those listed may have been born or raised in Jacksonville, been influenced by the city while living, working or retiring there, or lived in a nearby suburb, such as Ponte Vedra In 2003, the JAXPORT Beach, St. Johns, Amelia Island or Orange Park. Cruise Terminal opened, providing cruise service for 1,500 passengers to Key West, Florida, the Bahamas, and Politics Mexico via Carnival Cruise Listed chronologically by year Lines ship, Celebration, of birth which was retired in April, Zephaniah Kingsley 2008. For almost five months, • major no cruises originated from (1765–1843), Jacksonville until September slaveholder and owner of Kingsley Plantation 20, 2008, when the cruise Isaiah Hart (1792– ship Fascination departed • with 2,079 passengers. In 1861), plantation owner and founder of Jacksonville Fiscal year 2006, there were Ossian B. Hart (1821– 78 cruise ship sailings with • 128,745 passengers. A JaxPort 1874), 10th governor of spokesperson said in 2008 Florida 1873–1874 and Florida Supreme Court Justice that they expect 170,000 Francis P. Fleming passengers to sail each year. • (1841–1908), 15th governor of Jacksonville Fire and Rescue Florida 1889–1893 operates a fleet of three • Napoleon B. Broward fireboats. Its vessels are called (1857–1910), 19th governor on to fight approximately 75 of Florida 1905–1909; Jacksonville Sheriff 1888– fires per year. 1894 • Duncan U. Fletcher List of people (1859–1936), 2-term mayor of and U.S. Senator from Jacksonville, Jacksonville 1909–1936 Florida • Claude L’Engle The city of Jacksonville, (1868–1919), United States Florida, has been home to Representative from Florida St. Elmo W. many notable people, groups, • Acosta (1875–1947), city World Views Guides

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commissioner, state legislator and parks commissioner • Eartha M. M. White (1876–1974), AfricanAmerican philanthropist and humanitarian • Ion Farris (1878–1934), former Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives and member of the Florida Senate • John W. Martin (1884– 1958), former Jacksonville mayor and 24th governor of Florida 1921–1925 • A. Philip Randolph (1889–1979), AfricanAmerican civil rights activist • Emory H. Price (1899– 1976), U.S. Representative from Florida • Fuller Warren (1905– 1973), 30th governor of Florida 1949–1953 • Charles Edward Bennett (1910–2003), U.S. representative from 2nd/3rd congressional district 1949–93 • W. Haydon Burns (1912–1987), 35th governor of Florida 1965–1967; Jacksonville mayor 1949– 1965 • Dorcas Drake (1916– 1993), Duval County judge and philanthropist • Jerry E. Hinshaw (1917-2003), Arkansas state representative from 1981 to 1996; worked for RalstonPurina in Jacksonville after World War II • Alan Stephenson Boyd (born 1922), the first

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United States Secretary of Transportation • Ed Austin (1926–2011), former mayor of Jacksonville • Willye Dennis (19262012), Florida House of Representatives: 15th District 1992-2009 • Claude R. Kirk, Jr., (born 1926) 36th governor of Florida 1967–1971 • Lou Ritter (born 1926), former mayor of Jacksonville • Hans Tanzler (born 1927), former mayor of Jacksonville • Don Davis (1931–2008), city council president, Florida legislator and civic leader • Lou Frost (born 1931), lawyer and public defender 1968–2005 • Maurice M. Paul (born 1932), United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida Judge • Don Fuqua (born 1933), U.S. representative from 9th/2nd congressional district 1963–87 • Jake Godbold (born 1934), former mayor of Jacksonville • Frank F. Ledford, Jr. (born 1934), former Surgeon General of the Army (U.S.) • MaVynee Betsch (1935– 2005), black activist and environmentalist for American Beach • James E. King (1939– 2009), State Representative 1986–1999; State Senator

1999–2009 • Harry Shorstein (born 1941), lawyer and State Attorney, 4th Judicial Circuit 1991–2008 • Tillie K. Fowler (1942– 2005), U.S. representative: 4th congressional district 1993–2001; Jacksonville City Council: 1985–1992 • Nat Glover (born 1943), first African-American sheriff of Jacksonville, 1995–2003 • Ander Crenshaw (born 1944), State Representative 1972–1978; State Senator 1986–1994; U.S. Representative: 4th congressional district 2001– 2008+ • Mike Blouin (born 1945), U.S. Representative for Iowa’s Second Congressional District • Tommy Hazouri (born 1945), former Jacksonville mayor and current Duval school board member • Corrine Brown (born 1946), U.S. representative • John Rutherford (born 1952), Sheriff of Jacksonville 2004–2011 • Angela Corey (born 1954), lawyer and State Attorney, 4th Judicial Circuit 2009–2012 • John Delaney (born 1956), former mayor of Jacksonville and current president of the University of North Florida. • Randy Brinson (born

1957), gastroenterologist and Christian right activist • John Peyton (born 1964), Jacksonville mayor 2004–2011 • Stephen Meeks (born 1970), Republican member of the Arkansas House of Representatives; former Jacksonville resident and brother of David Meeks • David Meeks (born 1972), Republican member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from Conway, Arkansas; former Jacksonville resident • Matthew Shirk (born 1973), lawyer and public defender, 4th Judicial Circuit 2009–2012 Notable people Listed chronologically by year of birth: • Saturiwa (16th century), paramount chief of the Saturiwa chiefdom, comprising 30 Mocama Timucua villages in present-day Jacksonville • Jean Ribault (1520– 1565), French naval officer who led the first recorded expedition to the Jacksonville area • René Goulaine de Laudonnière (c. 1529–1574), founder of Fort Caroline in modern Jacksonville, the first French settlement in North America • Anna Kingsley (1793– World Views Guides | June 2014

1870), former slave, commonlaw wife of Kingsley, who became a businesswoman and slaveholder • Henry Morrison Flagler (1830–1913), tycoon, real estate promoter, railroad developer and partner in Standard Oil • Alexander Darnes (c.1840-1894), born into slavery, gained his medical degree and became first black doctor of Jacksonville • Alfred I. duPont (1864– 1935), industrialist, financier and philanthropist • Abraham Lincoln Lewis (1865–1947), businessman and developer of American Beach, Florida • Cora Crane (1865– 1910), journalist, brothel owner known for her relationship with Stephen Crane, lived in the Jacksonville area multiple from 1894 • Arthur Pratt Warner (1870–1957), aviator • James Weldon Johnson (1871–1938), educator, lawyer, diplomat, songwriter, and civil rights activist; wrote The Autobiography of an ExColored Man and the words to “Lift Every Voice and Sing” • Stephen Crane (1871– 1900), author of The Red Badge of Courage, lived in Jacksonville for a few weeks in 1896 and 1897; the stay inspired “The Open Boat” • Henry John Klutho World Views Guides

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(1873–1964), Prairie School architect who influenced redevelopment of Jacksonville following the Great Fire of 1901 • Jessie Ball duPont (1884–1970), teacher and philanthropist • Charles E. Merrill (1885–1956), co-founder of Merrill, Lynch & Company • Ed Ball (1888–1981), businessman who ran the Alfred I. duPont Testamentary Trust for 46 years • H. Terry Parker (1890– 1970), philanthropist; cofounder of Gulf Life Insurance Co., vice president of A.B. Farquhar Company • John Archibald Wheeler (1911–2008), theoretical physicist • Zora Neale Hurston (1891–1960), author and anthropologist, known for Their Eyes Were Watching God, lived in Jacksonville during several periods from 1904 • Louis Wolfson (1912– 2007), Wall Street financier, race horse owner-breeder and philanthropist • Denham Fouts (1914– 1949), prostitute, socialite and literary muse • J. J. Daniel (1916– 1990), lawyer, businessman and civic leader • Claude Yates (1916– 1988), business executive and “Father of Jacksonville

Consolidation” • Taylor Hardwick (born 1925), architect of Jacksonville schools, businesses and parks • Herb Peyton (born 1926), businessman and civic leader • Homer G. Lindsay, Jr. (1927–2000), influential preacher and former pastor of the nation’s third largest Southern Baptist church • Raymond K. Mason (born 1927), businessman and protégé of Ed Ball • Frank Cerveny (born 1933), Episcopal bishop of Florida • Lex Hester (1935–2000), key architect of Jacksonville’s consolidated government • Mildred Thompson (1935–2003), painter, printmaker and sculptor • Wayne Weaver (born 1935), shoe mogul and former owner of Jacksonville Jaguars from (1993 to 2011) • Philip Don Estridge (1937–1985), “Father of the IBM PC,” led development of original IBM Personal Computer • Jerry Vines (born 1937), president, Southern Baptist Convention, and former pastor of the nation’s third-largest Southern Baptist church • Preston Haskell (born 1938), founder and chairman, The Haskell Company; minority owner of Jacksonville Jaguars

• Tom Petway (born 1941), businessman, Jacksonville Jaguars minority partner, civic leader • Maxey Dell Moody (born 1883), founder of M. D. Moody & Sons, Inc. • Maxey Dell Moody, Jr. (born 1913), businessman and founder of MOBRO Marine, Inc. • Norman E. Thagard (born 1943), NASA astronaut • George Ronald York (194?-1965), executed spree killer • Donald Moran (born 1945), chief judge of 4th judicial circuit • Michael Persinger (born 1945), neuroscientist, psychologist and noted philanthropist • Steve Pajcic (born 1946), lawyer, state representative, Florida Gubernatorial candidate and philanthropist • Susana Urbina (born 1946), psychologist, professor at the University of North Florida • Gary Pajcic (1947– 2006) athlete, lawyer and philanthropist • Ottis Toole (1947– 1996), serial killer and probable murderer of Adam Walsh • Henry Lee Lucas (1936– 2001), serial killer • Paul John Knowles (1946–1974), serial killer nicknamed The Casanova Killer

• Paul Durousseau (born 1970), serial killer nicknamed the Killer Cabbie • Gary Ray Bowles (born 1962), serial killer • Elizabeth Edwards (1949–2010), attorney, law professor and wife of Senator John Edwards • Samuel Johnson Howard (born 1951), Episcopal bishop of Florida • Juliana Catlin (born 1955), interior designer • John Palumbo (born 1958), motivational speaker, businessman and salesman • Diana Eng (born 1983), fashion designer and contestant on Season 2 of Project Runway • Claire Robinson, television host Athletes Listed chronologically by year of birth: • Bob Gandy (1893– 1945) MLB outfielder for the Philadelphia Phillies • Coley Wallace (1927– 2005) heavyweight boxer and actor • Tom Scott (born 1930) former NFL linebacker for the Philadelphia Eagles and New York Giants • Don Bessent (19311990) MLB pitcher for the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers • John Chaney (born 1932) former Temple University

basketball coach • Al Frazier ( college allAmerican and Denver Broncos football player • LeeRoy Yarbrough (1938–1984) NASCAR driver • Al Denson (born 1942) former NFL wide receiver for the Denver Broncos and Minnesota Vikings • Bob Hayes (1942–2002) 1964 Olympic Gold Medalist (2) sprinter; Hall of Fame NFL wide receiver for Dallas Cowboys • Sam Davis (born 1944) Pittsburgh Steelers offensive guard • Tug McGraw (born 1944) pitcher for New York Mets, Jacksonville Suns and Philadelphia Phillies; father of Tim McGraw • Ron Sellers (born 1947) NFL wide receiver for the New England Patriots, Dallas Cowboys and Miami Dolphins • Ken Burrough (born 1948) NFL wide receiver for the Houston Oilers and New Orleans Saints • Harold Carmichael (born 1949) NFL wide receiver with Philadelphia Eagles for 14 seasons • Larry Brown (born 1949) • Ray Nettles (1949– 2009) Canadian Football league Hall of Fame linebacker • Boobie Clark (1950– 1988) NFL fullback with Cincinnati Bengals for 6 World Views Guides | June 2014

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seasons • Ed Jenkins (born 1950) NFL wide receiver with the Miami Dolphins, Buffalo Bills, New England Patriots and New York Giants • Tom Sullivan (born 1950) NFL running back with the Philadelphia Eagles and Cleveland Browns • Noah Jackson (born 1951) NFL offensive lineman with the Chicago Bears and Tampa Bay Buccaneers • Mark McCumber (born 1951) professional golfer • Greg Coleman (born 1954) NFL punter for the Cleveland Browns, Minnesota Vikings and Washington Redskins • Ron Meeks (born 1954) former CFL player and current NFL coach • Derrick Gaffney (born 1955) NFL wide receiver for the New York Jets • Fred Funk (born 1956) professional golfer • Terry LeCount (born 1956) NFL wide receiver for the San Francisco 49ers and Minnesota Vikings • Ron Duguay (born 1957) former NHL player and ACHL and WHA coach • Calvin Muhammad (born 1958) NFL wide receiver with the Los Angeles Raiders, Washington Redskins and San Diego Chargers • Patty Moise (born 1960) NASCAR driver World Views Guides

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• Vince Coleman (born 1961) MLB left fielder St. Louis Cardinals • Glenn Davis (born 1961) MLB first baseman for the Houston Astros and Baltimore Orioles • “Merciless” Ray Mercer (born 1961) former WBO World Heavyweight Champion 1991 and Olympic Gold Medalist • Norris Coleman (born 1961) NBA forward for the Los Angeles Clippers • Nancy HogsheadMakar (born 1962) former US National and 1984 Olympic swimmer • Mike Oliphant (born 1963) NFL running back for the Washington Redskins and Cleveland Browns • Vijay Singh (born 1963) professional golfer • Bryan Barker (born 1964) NFL punter with the St. Louis Rams, Kansas City Chiefs, Philadelphia Eagles, Jacksonville Jaguars, Washington Redskins and Green Bay Packers • Otis Smith (born 1964) former NBA player and GM Orlando Magic • Joel Davis (born 1965) former Major League Baseball pitcher for the Chicago White Sox • Alvin Heggs (born 1967) NBA player with the Houston Rockets • Rena Mero (born 1967)

formerly Rena Greek aka “Sable,” WWE WWF wrestler and actress • Rick Wilkins (born 1967) MLB catcher with the Chicago Cubs • Steve Lofton (born 1968) NFL cornerback with the Phoenix Cardinals, Carolina Panthers, New England Patriots and Carolina Panthers • Edgar Bennett (born 1969) Green Bay Packers running back • Shawn Jefferson (born 1969) former NFL player with the San Diego Chargers, New England Patriots, Atlanta Falcons and Detroit Lions and current member of the Lions’ coaching staff • Dee Brown (born 1969), Former NBA player Boston Celtics, Toronto Raptors, and Orlando Magic • David Duval (born 1971) professional golfer • Chipper Jones (born 1972) MLB 3rd Base Atlanta Braves • Nate Campbell (born 1972) professional boxer and lightweight title holder • Brian Dawkins (born 1973) NFL safety Philadelphia Eagles • Derrick Alexander (born 1973) NFL defensive end for the Minnesota Vikings and Cleveland Browns • Chris Terry (born 1975) NFL center Kansas City Chiefs • Sam Cowart (born

1975) NFL linebacker for the Buffalo Bills, New York Jets and Minnesota Vikings • Micah Ross (born 1975) NFL wide receiver for the Jacksonville Jaguars, San Diego Chargers and Carolina Panthers • Paul Rigdon (born 1975) MLB pitcher for the Cleveland Indians and Milwaukee Brewers • Rahim Abdullah (born 1976) former NFL and CFL player • Travis Tomko (born 1976) (TomKo) TNA professional wrestler • Ryan Freel (1976–2012) MLB fielder for the Cincinnati Reds • Laveranues Coles (born 1977) NFL wide receiver for the New York Jets • Rod Gardner (born 1977) NFL wide receiver for the Kansas City Chiefs • Daniel Hollie (born 1977) WWE professional wrestler • Lito Sheppard (born 1977) NFL cornerback for the Philadelphia Eagles • Travis Chapman (born 1978) MLB third baseman for the Philadelphia Phillies • Elijah Burke (born 1978) TNA professional wrestler • Roosevelt Williams (gridiron football) (born 1978) NFL cornerback for the Chicago Bears • Travis Taylor (born

1978) NFL wide receiver for the Baltimore Ravens, Minnesota Vikings, Oakland Raiders, St. Louis Rams, Carolina Panthers and Detroit Lions • Patrick Barnes (born 1979) MLB player for the Seattle Mariners and Cleveland Indians • Matt Lehr (born 1979) NFL guard for the Dallas Cowboys, St. Louis Rams, Atlanta Falcons, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, New Orleans Saints and Tennessee Titans • Khalid Abdullah (born 1979) former NFL and CFL linebacker • Michael Jennings (born 1979) NFL wide receiver for the Indianapolis Colts • Chris Barnwell (born 1979) MLB infielder for the Milwaukee Brewers • Ryan Jorgensen (born 1979) MLB player for the Florida Marlins, Cincinnati Reds and Minnesota Twins • Dez White (born 1979) NFL wide receiver for the Chicago Bears and Atlanta Falcons • Jabar Gaffney (born 1980) NFL Wide receiver for the New England Patriots • Jonathan Papelbon (born 1980) MLB pitching closer for the Boston Red Sox • Rashean Mathis (born 1980) NFL cornerback for the Jacksonville Jaguars • Brett Myers (born 1980)

MLB relief pitcher for the Philadelphia Phillies • Ben Nowland (born 1980) Arena Football League player • Brian Buscher (born 1981) MLB third baseman for the Minnesota Twins • Bubba Dickerson (born 1981) professional golfer • Amer Delic (born 1982) professional tennis player • Lionel Gates (born 1982) NFL running back for the Buffalo Bills and Tampa Bay Buccaneers • Ciatrick Fason (born 1982) former NFL running back for the Minnesota Vikings • Darren O’Day (born 1982) MLB pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles, Los Angeles Angels, New York Mets and Texas Rangers • Leon Washington (born 1982) NFL running back for the New York Jets • Brian Clark (born 1983) former NFL and CFL wide receiver • Jamaal Fudge (born 1983) NFL safety formerly of the Jacksonville Jaguars • Stephen Nicholas (born 1983) NFL linebacker for the Atlanta Falcons • Christian Gaddis (born 1984) NFL center for the Buffalo Bills, Cleveland Browns and Indianapolis Colts • Reggie Lewis (born 1984) NFL and CFL cornerback • Dee Webb (born 1984) World Views Guides | June 2014

former NFL cornerback for the Jacksonville Jaguars • Daniel Murphy (born 1985) first baseman for the New York Mets • Bobby Cassevah (born 1985) MLB pitcher for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim • Marcus Thomas (born 1985) (defensive tackle) • Billy Butler (born 1986) MLB DH for the Kansas City Royals • Sha’reff Rashad (born 1986) NFL safety for the New York Giants • Josh Sitton (born 1986) NFL offensive guard for the Green Bay Packers • Riley Skinner (born 1986) Quarterback at Wake Forest University • Tim Tebow (born 1987) 2007 Heisman Trophy Winner, Quarterback at University of Florida • Gerard Ross (born 1987) former NFL player for the Seattle Seahawks • Guss Scott (born 1982) NFL safety for the New England Patriots and Houston Texans • Jaime Harper (born 1987) Clemson Tigers running back • Kelly Kelly (born Barbara Jean Blank in 1987) Professional wrestler, former WWE Diva

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Entertainers Listed chronologically by year of birth: • Merian C. Cooper (1893–1973) Hollywood director, producer and writer • Rosalie King-Simpson (1902–1997), stage actress and singer • William Tuttle (1912– 2007), Hollywood makeup artist for over 300 movies and television shows • Frankie Manning (born 1914), dancer and choreographer • Meinhardt Raabe (1915– 2010), The Coroner Munchkin The Wizard of Oz, resided at Penny Farms Retirement Community • Dorothy Shay (born 1921, died 10/22/1978), chanteuse, “The Park Avenue Hillbillie” • David Jack Holt (1927– 2003), child actor, groomed to be the male Shirley Temple • Wanda Hendrix (1928– 1981), actress, married World War II hero Audie Murphy • Leonard Jackson (19282013), African American actor, starred on the PBS TV shows Sesame Street and Shining Time Station • Paula Kelly (born 1943), actress best known for roles in Sweet Charity and The Andromeda Strain • Patrika Darbo (born 1948), television actress

Ken Fallin, (born 1948), caricaturist • Henriette Allais (born 1954), model, Playboy Playmate March, 1980 • Tom DiCillo (born 1954), film director, screenwriter and cinematographer • Rex Smith (born 1955), actor and singer • Linden Ashby (born 1960), television actor • Tim Deegan (born 1960), television Meteorologist • Dan Hicken (born 1960), television sports director • Donna Deegan (born 1962), television news anchor • Tim McGraw (born 1967), country music singer and actor • Martin Lopez Zubero (born 1969), world swimming champion, Olympian • Leanza Cornett (born 1971), 1993 Miss America, television actress • Al Letson (born 1972), poet, playwright, and radio host; host of National Public Radio’s State of the Re:Union • Nichole Van Croft (born 1973), model, Playboy Playmate October, 2000 • Rahman Johnson (born 1976), radio personality, politician • Jennifer Rovero (born 1978), model, Playboy Playmate July, 1999 • Jessica Morris (born 1980), television actress • Yoanna House (born •

1980), fashion model • Lil Duval (born 1981), comedian • Tiffany Selby (born 1981), model, Playboy Playmate July, 2007 • Whitney Thompson (born 1987), fashion model • Ashley Greene (born 1987), actress, best known for her role as Alice Cullen in “Twilight (2008 film)” Musicians and composers Listed chronologically by year of birth: • John Rosamond Johnson (1873–1954), musical composer, brother of James Weldon • Arthur “Blind” Blake (1896–1934), influential blues guitarist • George Paxton (1914– 1989), big band jazz leader, saxophonist, composer, producer • Billy Daniels (1915– 1988), big band singer, actor • Samuel Jones (1924– 1981), jazz bassist and cellist • Ray Charles (1930– 2004), blind, soulful singer • Luther Dixon (1931– 2009), record producer and songwriter • Jack Sheldon (born 1931), bebop and West Coast jazz trumpeter, singer and actor • Pat Boone (born 1934), popular 1950s singer, actor and teen idol

Nick Todd (born 1935), pop singer • Jo Ann Campbell (born 1938), country and pop singer, actress • Scott McKenzie (born 1939), rock and roll singer • Johnny Tillotson (born 1939), pop singer, songwriter, actor • Gary U.S. Bonds (born 1939), R&B singer • J.R. Cobb (born 1944), guitarist and songwriter; member of Classics IV and Atlanta Rhythm Section • Jackie Moore (born 1946), R&B singer • Claude “Butch” Trucks (born 1947), drummer of Allman Brothers Band • Ronnie Van Zant (1948– 1977), singer, songwriter, founder of Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd • Rick Dees (born 1950), radio disc jockey, recorded novelty hit “Disco Duck” • Danny Joe Brown (1951–2005), songwriter and former singer for the band Molly Hatchet • Gary Rossington (born 1951), guitarist, songwriter and founding member of Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd • Allen Collins (1952– 1990), guitarist, songwriter and founding member of Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd • Donnie Van Zant (born 1952), lead singer of Southern rock band .38 Special •

• Johnny Van Zant (born 1959), lead vocalist for Lynyrd Skynyrd since reforming in 1987 • Erik L. Lundgren (born 1961), lead guitarist, songwriter for southern rock band lead guitarist(band)Van Zants • Glenn Jones (born 1962) R&B and gospel singer • Vic Chesnutt (born 1964), folk rock singersongwriter • Fred Durst (born 1970), lead singer, founder of Nu metal band Limp Bizkit • James MacDonough (born 1970), former Iced Earth and Megadeth bass player • Greg Eklund (born 1970), drummer of Everclear • Scooter Ward (born 1970), singer, founder of postgrunge/alternative metal band Cold • Jeremy Marshall (born 1971), bassist for the band Cold • Terry Balsamo (born 1972), lead guitar for the band Evanescence • Rogue (born 1972), lead singer for the American goth/electropop band The Crüxshadows • Kelly Hayes (born 1973), lead guitarist for the band Cold • Scott Borland (born 1977), former keyboard player for the band Limp Bizkit • Mase (born 1977), hip World Views Guides | June 2014

hop star • Sam Rivers (born 1977), bass player for the band Limp Bizkit • Sam McCandless (born 1978), drummer for the band Cold • Ryan Key (born 1979), lead singer of the punk rock band Yellowcard • Derek Trucks (born 1979), child prodigy on guitar, member of Allman Brothers Band and Derek Trucks Band • Ben Cooper (born 1982), singer-songwriter, Electric President and Radical Face • Shannon Wright, singersongwriter • Asia Cruise (born 1990), contemporary R&B singer

Pop Punk • Quad City DJ’s (1995) Hip Hop • Cold (1996) PostGrunge • Yellowcard (1997) Pop Punk • Swirl 360 (1998) Pop Rock • Burn Season (2001) Hard rock • Evergreen Terrace (2001) Melodic-Hardcore • Shinedown (2001) Rock • Electric President (2003) Indie/Electronic • Radical Face (2003) Experimental / Folk / Indie • The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus (2003) Rock • Astronautalis (2003) Hip Hop • The Summer Obsession Bands (2006) Pop Rock Listed chronologically by year • Black Kids (2006) Indie band was formed: Rock • Classics IV (1965) Pop • Antarctic (2006) Indie/ Rock Math Rock • The Allman Brothers Band (1969) Southern Rock • Lynyrd Skynyrd (1970) Southern Rock • Blackfoot (1972) Rock/ Southern Rock • Molly Hatchet (1975) Southern Rock • .38 Special (1975) Rock • 95 South (1992) Hip Hop • 69 Boyz (1993) Hip Hop • Limp Bizkit (1994) NuMetal • Inspection 12 (1994) World Views Guides

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World Views Guides | June 2014

World Views Guides

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World Views Guides | June 2014

World Views Guides

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World Views Guides | June 2014

World Views Guides

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World Views Guides | June 2014

World Views Guides

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World Views Guides | June 2014

Naval Station Mayport Naval Station Mayport (IATA: NRB, ICAO: KNRB, FAA LID: NRB) is a major United States Navy base in Jacksonville, Florida. It contains a protected harbor that can accommodate aircraft carrier-size vessels, ship’s intermediate maintenance activity (SIMA) and a military airfield (Admiral David L. McDonald Field) with one asphalt paved runway (5/23) measuring 8,001 × 200 ft. (2,439 × 61 m). Since its commissioning in December 1942, NS Mayport has grown to become the third largest naval surface fleet concentration area in the United States. Mayport’s operational composition is unique, with a busy harbor capable of accommodating 34 ships and an 8,001-foot (2,439 m) runway capable of handling most aircraft in the Department of Defense inventory. Naval Station Mayport is also home to the Navy’s United States Fourth Fleet, reactivated in 2008 after being deactivated in 1950. The base has historically served as the homeport to various conventionally powered aircraft carriers of the Atlantic Fleet, including the Shangri-La, Franklin World Views Guides

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D. Roosevelt, Forrestal (September 1977-January 1983), Saratoga and, most recently, the John F. Kennedy. With the decommissioning of all conventionally powered aircraft carriers by the Navy, no carriers are presently assigned to Mayport. However, both houses of Congress have passed legislation authorizing about US $75 million for dredging and upgrades at Mayport to accommodate a nuclearpowered aircraft carrier. On January 29, 2010, the Quadrennial Defense Review Report stated that a nuclear aircraft carrier would be homeported at NAS Mayport. The action will help protect the fleet against a potential terror attack, accident or natural disaster, because all east coast aircraft carriers are currently based at Naval Station Norfolk, according to the report. West coast aircraft carriers are split between Naval Station San Diego and Naval Base Kitsap in Washington state. Robert Gates, Secretary of Defense, stated, “Having a single (nuclear carrier) homeport has not been considered acceptable on the west coast and should not be considered acceptable on the east coast.” The decision was opposed by

elected officials in Virginia, who would lose 3,500 sailors and their dependents, $425 million in revenue each year, and most importantly, 6,000 support jobs. The Hampton Roads Chamber of Commerce estimated the loss at 11,000 jobs and $650 million per year. Infrastructure changes and facility construction at Mayport are estimated to take five years and cost over half a billion dollars. The 2011 budget commits $590 million during the fiscal years from 2011 to 2019, so a carrier may not move to Mayport until 2019. However, an amphibious group is coming sooner. The USS New York relocated to Mayport in December 2013 and two other ships are planned to move as early as 2014. The Virginia congressional delegation has fought the loss of even one carrier’s boost to their economy by citing other areas such as shipbuilding to spend the navy’s tight budget. A 2013 report from the USN revealed that they are considering basing as many as 14 Littoral combat ships at Mayport.

Frigates (4) USS Halyburton (FFG-40) • USS Taylor (FFG-50) • USS Simpson (FFG-56) • USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58)

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Homeported ships Cruisers (4) • • • •

210 Reliance Class (1) •

USCGC Valiant (WMEC621)

USS Philippine Sea (CG58) USS Gettysburg (CG-64) USS Hue City (CG-66) USS Vicksburg (CG-69) Destroyers (4)

• •

Amphibious Transport Dock (1) • • • USS New York (LPD-21)

USS Carney (DDG-64) USS The Sullivans (DDG68) USS Roosevelt (DDG-80) USS Farragut (DDG-99) Coastal Patrol (3)

• • • Adm David L. McDonald Field

USS Hurricane (PC-3) USS Zephyr (PC-8) USS Shamal (PC-13) Aircraft squadrons

On 1 April 1944, the air facility at Mayport was commissioned a Naval Auxiliary Air Station Mayport. Following the Second World War, both the NAAS was decommissioned and placed in a caretaker status. The United States Coast Guard took over the base and operated a small “Boot Camp” there for several years, but they vacated Mayport in late 1947 due to budget cuts. Mayport was reactivated again in June, 1948 as a Naval Outlying Landing Field under the cognizance of the Commanding Officer, Naval Air Station Jacksonville. As helicopter aviation evolved during the Cold War, Mayport became the East Coast home for the Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System (LAMPS) MK III squadrons. As a reflection of growth, Mayport Naval Air Facility was redesignated as a naval air station in 1988.

Helicopter squadrons • •

HSM-40 “Airwolves” HSM-46 “Grandmasters” • HSM-48 “Vipers” • HSL-60 “Jaguars”

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