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INTERNATIONAL Libyan rebels stage uprising in Zlitan
Turkey's FM says Libya needs political solution Davutoglu commented on the talks held within the scope of the third meeting of International Contact Group on Libya
Independence Day PHILIPPINES - June 12
The Philippines, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines, is an island nation made of over 7,107 islands comprising the Philippine Archipelago, located in South-east Asia, with Manila as its capital city. The original inhabitants of the Philippines are said to have arrived from the Asian mainland around 25,000 B.C. The history of the Philippines gave us a clear picture from the time the first man landed on the island to the invasions of foreign rule till it got its freedom.
Early History
Russia Day (Russian: День России, Den Rossii) is the national holiday of the Russian Federation, celebrated on June 12. It has been celebrated every year since 1992. The First Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic on June 12, 1990.
History
According to the theories suggested by the archeologists and paleontologists the Homo sapiens existed in Palawan about 50,000 BC. The history of the Philippines begins with the arrival of the first humans, the 'Negritos' who are believed to have migrated to the Philippines some 30,000 years ago from Borneo, Sumatra, and Malaya by land bridges. These people belonged to a primitive era of Malayan culture, which has apparently survived even today among certain groups such as the 'Igorots'. On 16th March, 1521 the first Europeans visited the Philippines led by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. Expeditions by other Spanish explorers followed, including one from New Spain (Mexico) under López de Villalobos.
Spanish Control
The next 333 years saw the Spanish military fighting numerous local indigenous revolts and various external colonial challenges, especially from the British, Chinese, Dutch, French, Japanese, and the Portuguese. An important loss for Spain was the short-term occupation of the capital, Manila, by the British during the Seven Independence Phillipine Rizal Monument with a wreath in Years' War. Many small independent communities that previously the front of Independence flagpole had known no central rule was established by the Spanish leadership and on 1571 the Spanish foothold in the Philippines was secure with there conquering of the Moro town in Manila. In 1574 Manila revolted the attack of the Chinese pirate Limahong. Though Chinese trade and labor were of great importance in the early development of the Spanish colony, they later were feared and hated because of their increasing numbers. With the decline of the power of the Spanish Empire, the Philippine Revolution of April, 1896 began against the Spain, with a proclamation of independence and the establishment of the First Philippine Republic two years later.
Revolution, War, and U.S. Control
The rising sentiment for independence was in large measure brought by the opposition to the powers of the clergy. A propaganda movement, which was greatly inspired by the brilliant writings of José Rizal, then a student studying in Spain, soon developed on the Spanish mainland. To notify the government of the injustices of the administration in the Philippines as well as the abuses of the friars was the order of the day. With the execution of Rizal in December, 1896 the revolution spread throughout the major islands. The Spanish-American War began in Cuba in 1898 and with the defeat of the Spanish squadron at Manila Bay it soon reached the Philippines. Aguinaldo was invited to return to the Philippines by the U.S. and after his return he was supplied with arms and urged to rally the Filipinos against the Spanish. The independence of the Philippines in Kawit was declared by Aguinaldo on 12th June, 1898, establishing the First Philippine Republic under Asia's first democratic constitution. The dreams of the Philippines were later crushed with the Treaty of Paris in 1898, which closed the Spanish-American War. This resulted in the Philippine-American War of 1899 between the United States and the Philippine revolutionaries which ended when Aguinaldo was captured by American troops with the struggle continuing until 1913.
The Commonwealth
In 1932 the Hare-Hawes Cutting Act was passed by Congress providing complete independence of the islands in 1945. The Bill was later opposed by Philippine Senate President Manuel L. Quezon and the next year a revised act, the Tydings-McDuffie Act was finally passed. The commonwealth was said to have its own constitution and be self-governing, though certain legislation required approval of the United States president. Finally on 1935 the country's status as a colony changed and it became the Commonwealth of the Philippines, which provided for more self-governance. Over the next decade, plans for increasing independence were interrupted during World War II when Japan invaded and occupied the islands on 8th December, 1941. Manila was declared an open city to prevent its destruction and occupied by the Japanese on 2nd January, 1942. The puppet government gained little support and the people suffered greatly from Japanese brutality leading to their defeat in 1945. The Philippines achieved independence from the United States on 4th July, 1946.
The Republic of the Philippines and After
With its independence Manuel Roxas became the first president of the Republic of the Philippines. Since its inception the state faced political instability with various rebel groups. Marcos the then president, barred from seeking a third term declared the martial law on 21st September, 1972 and ruled the country by decree. In January 1986, Marcos allowed for a 'sudden' election, after large protests, believed to be a sham resulting in a standoff between military mutineers and the military loyalists. Corazon Aquino was the recognized winner of this election after which she called for a constitutional convention to draft a new constitution. Marcos with his family and allies fled to Hawaii.
Philippine Centennial Celebration
On June 12, 1998, the nation celebrated its centennial year of Independence from Spain. The celebrations were held simultaneously nationwide by then President Fidel V. Ramos and Filipino communities worldwide. A commission was established for the said event, the National Centennial Commission headed by former Vice President Salvador Laurel presided all events around the country. One of the major projects of the commission was the Expo Pilipino, a grand showcase of the Philippines' growth as a nation for the last 100 years, located in the Clark Special Economic Zone (formerly Clark Air Base) in Angeles City, Pampanga. Some other important events includes the re-enactment of waving of Philippine Flag at Aguinaldo shrine, and raising of flag at Independence flagpole and lowering the flag of the United States.
The idea of the declaration was born in the Democratic Russia movement, in which proponents of evolutionary market reform and strong statehood based on Russia's national interests started opposing the Communist monopoly on power. In addition, by the late 1980s, society had begun to doubt the Politburo's ability to carry out meaningful socio-economic reforms. The creation of the post of the President of the Russian Federation and the adoption of the newRussian Constitution to reflect the new political reality, along with the national flag, anthem and emblem of the Russian Federation, were major landmarks in the consolidation of Russian statehood. The country's new name- the Russian Federation (Russia)- was adopted on December 25, 1991. The day when the declaration was adopted- June 12 - was proclaimed as national holiday by Supreme Soviet of Russia in 1992, and again proclaimed Russia's national holiday by the Russian President's decree of June 2, 1994. Under the presidential decree of June 16, 1998, it was called the Day of Russia. In 2002, the new Labor Code gave official seal to this title.
St. Anthony's Day PORTUGAL - June 13
Anthony of Padua
Saint Anthony of Padua or Anthony of Lisbon, O.F.M., (born Fernando Martins de Bulhões; c. 1195 – 13 June 1231) was a Portuguese Catholic priest and friar of the Franciscan Order. Though he died in Padua, Italy, he was born to a wealthy family in Lisbon, Portugal, which is where he was raised. Noted by his contemporaries for his forceful preaching and expert knowledge of Scripture, he was declared a saint almost immediately after his death and proclaimed a Doctor of the Church in 1946. Anthony
of Padua with the Child Jesus by Antonio de Pereda
Early life
Fernando Martins de Bulhões was born in Lisbon to Martin Vicente de Bulhões and Teresa Pais Taveira. His father was the brother of Pedro Martins de Bulhões, the ancestor of the Bulhão or Bulhões family. His was a very rich family of the nobility who wanted him to become educated, and they arranged for him to be instructed at the local cathedral school. Against the wishes of his family, however, he entered the community of Canons Regular of St. Augustine at the Abbey of St. Vincent on the outskirts of Lisbon. The Canons were famous for their dedication to scholarly pursuits, and sent the youth to their major center of studies, the Abbey of the Holy Cross in Coimbra. There the young Fernando studied theology and Latin.
Franciscan
After his ordination to the priesthood, Fernando was named guestmaster and placed in charge of hospitality for the abbey. It was in this capacity, in 1219, that he came into contact with fiveFranciscan friars who were on their way to Morocco to preach the Gospel to the Muslims there. Fernando was strongly attracted to the simple, evangelical lifestyle of the friars, whose order had been founded only eleven years prior. In February of the following year, news arrived that the five Franciscans had been martyred in Morocco, the first to be killed in their new order. Seeing their bodies as they were processed back to Assisi, Fernando Saint Anthony of Padua meditated on the heroism of these men, and, inspired by their example, Baby Jesus, holding Bernardo Strozzi, oil on can- obtained permission from church authorities to leave the Augustinian vas, circa 1625, Musée des canons to join the new Franciscan Order. Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg. On the journey to Italy to enter the new order, his ship was driven by a storm onto the coast ofSicily and he landed at Messina. From Sicily he made his way to Assisi and sought admission into a convent of the order in Italy, but met with difficulty on account of his sickly appearance. He was finally assigned, out of pure compassion, to the rural hospice of San Paolo near Forlì, Romagna, Italy, a choice made after considering his poor health. There he appears to have lived as a hermit and was put to work in the kitchen. Upon his entry to the Franciscan Order, he took the name Anthony.
Preaching and Teaching
Chaco Peace Paraguay - June 12
Chaco War
Russia Day- June 12
The Chaco War (1932–1935) was fought between Bolivia and Paraguay over control of the northern part of the Gran Chaco region (the Chaco Boreal) of South America, which was incorrectly thought to be rich in oil. It is also known as La Guerra de la Sed (Spanish for "War of Thirst") for being fought in the semi-arid Chaco. It was the bloodiest military conflict fought in South America during the 20th century. The war pitted two of South America's poorest countries both having previously lost territories to neighbors in 19th century wars. During the war both countries faced difficulties in obtaining arms and other supplies since their landlocked situation made their foreign trade and arms purchases dependent on the willingness of neighboring countries to let them pass by. In Particular Bolivia faced external trade problems coupled with poor internal communications. While Bolivia had income from lucrative mining and a better equipped and larger army than Paraguay, a series of factors turned the tide in favour of Paraguay which came by the end of the war to control most of the disputed zone, and was finally also granted the largest portion of the disputed territories in the peace treaties.
Origins
Though the region was sparsely populated, control of the Paraguay River running through it would have given one of the two landlocked countries access to the Atlantic Ocean. This was especially important to Bolivia, which had lost its Pacific Ocean coast to Chile in the War of the Pacific (1883). In international arbitration, Bolivia argued that the region had been part of the original Spanish colonial province of Moxos and Chiquitos to which Bolivia was heir. Meanwhile, Paraguay had begun to colonize the region. Indeed, both Paraguayan and Argentinian planters already bred cattle and exploited quebracho woods in the area, while the small indigenous population of Guaraní-speaking tribes was related to that country's own Guaraní heritage. Furthermore, the discovery of oil in the Andean foothills sparked speculation that the Chaco itself might be a rich source of petroleum. Foreign oil companies were involved in the exploration: companies mainly descended from Standard Oil backed Bolivia, while Shell Oil supported Paraguay. Standard was already producing oil from wells in the high hills of eastern Bolivia, around Villa Montes. Paraguay had lost almost half of its territory to Brazil and Argentina in the War of the Triple Alliance and was not prepared to see what it was perceived as its last chance for a viable economy fall victim to Bolivia.
Composition of the armies
Paraguay had a population only a third as large as that of Bolivia (880,000 versus 2,150,000), but its guerrilla style of fighting, compared to Bolivia's more conventional strategy, enabled Paraguay to take the upper hand. In June 1932, the Paraguayan army totaled about 4,026 men (355 combat officers, 146 surgeons and noncombatant officers, 200 cadets, 690 NCOs, and 2,653 soldiers). Both racially and culturally, the Paraguayan army was practically homogeneous. Almost all of the soldiers were Spanish-Guarani mestizos. In Bolivia, however, most of the soldiers were Altiplano Native Americans (90% of the infantry troops), the lower-ranking officers were of Spanish ancestry, and General Hans Kundt was German. In spite of the fact that the Bolivian army had many more soldiers, the Bolivian army never mobilized more than 60,000 men, and never more than twothirds of the army were on the Chaco at one time, while Paraguay mobilized its entire army. City buses were confiscated, wedding rings were donated to buy rifles, by 1935 Paraguay had widened conscription to include 17 year-olds and policemen. The Paraguayans took advantage of their ability to communicate over the radio in Guaraní, which was not intelligible to the typical Bolivian soldier. Paraguay had little trouble in mobilizing its troops in large barges on the Paraguay river right to the frontlines, whilst the majority of Bolivian soldiers came from the western highlands, some eight hundred kilometers away and with little or no logistic support. In fact, it took a typical Bolivian soldier about 14 days to traverse the distance, while a Paraguayan soldier only took about four. The heavy equipment of Bolivia's army made things worse. The supply of water, given the dry climate of the region, also played a key role during the conflict. There were thousands of non-combat casualties due to dehydration, mostly among Bolivian troops.
Aftermath
By the time a ceasefire was negotiated for noon June 10, 1935, Paraguay controlled most of the region. In the last half hour there was a senseless shoot-out between the armies. This was recognized in a 1938 truce, signed in Buenos Aires, Argentina, by which Paraguay was awarded three-quarters of the Chaco Boreal, 20,000 square miles (52,000 km2). Two Paraguayans and three Bolivians died for every square mile. Bolivia did get the remaining territory, that bordered the Paraguay's River Puerto Busch. Some years later it was found that there were no oil resources in the Chaco Boreal kept by Paraguay, yet the territories kept by Bolivia were, in fact, rich in natural gas and petroleum, these being at the present time the country's largest exports and source of wealth. Paraguay captured 21,000 soldiers and 10,000 civilians (1% of Bolivians); many chose to stay after the war. 10,000 Bolivian troops had run away to Argentina or self-mutilated. Paraguay also took 2,300 machine guns, 28,000 rifles and ammunition worth $10 million (enough to last 40 years). Bolivia's stunning military blunder during the Chaco War led to a mass movement known as the Generación del Chaco, away from the traditional order, which was epitomised by the MNR-led Revolution of 1952. A final treaty clearly marking the boundaries between the two countries was not signed until April 28, 2009.
Cultural references
Augusto Cespedes, Bolivian ambassador to the Unesco and one of the most important Bolivian writers of the 20th century has written several books describing different aspects of the conflict. As a war reporter for the newspaper El Universal Cespedes had witnessed the penuries of the war, which he described in Crónicas heróicas de una guerra estúpida ("Chronicles of a stupid war") among other books. Several of his fiction works, considered masterworks of the genre, have also the Chaco War conflict as setting. Another diplomat and important figure of Bolivian literature,Adolfo Costa Du Rels, has written about the conflict, his novel “Laguna H3” published in 1938 is also set in the Chaco War. One of the masterpieces of Paraguayan writer Augusto Roa Bastos, the 1960 novel Hijo de Hombre, describes in one of its chapters the carnage and harsh war conditions during the siege of Boquerón. The author himself took part in the conflict, joining the army medical service at the age of 17. The Argentine movie Hijo de Hombre, directed by Lucas Demare in 1961 is based on this part of the novel. In Pablo Neruda's poem, Standard Oil Company, Neruda refers to the Chaco War in the context of the influences that oil companies had on the existence of the war. Howard Chaykin’s 2009 mini-series Dominic Fortune begins with the title character working as a mercenary pilot in the Chaco War. The conflict inspired Lester Dent to write the Doc Savage adventure The Dust of Death, also in 1935. The Chaco War formed the backdrop for the 1935 film Storm Over the Andes, by Christy Cabanne, and the 2006 minimalist film Hamaca paraguaya, by Paz Encina. Some aspects of the Chaco War are the inspiration for Tintin's comic book adventure The Broken Ear by Hergé, which began publication in 1935.
Dia dos Namorados-BRAZIL - June 12 Valentines Day, which celebrates and honors love, is celebrated on 14th February in many places. A special day dedicated to
love and lovers is observed in many countries; however, the dates vary depending on the customs and traditions followed in those countries. Valentine's Day in Brazil is the time for couples to celebrate their love for each other by exchanging gifts, cards and flowers among other things. It is not uncommon to find couples in Brazil coming up with their own ways of commemorating this day. Valentine's Day in Brazil is not celebrated on 14th February, rather similar celebrations known as Dia dos Namorados (Day of the Enamored) are held on 12th June. Grand parties, dance, music, delicious foods are some of the important elements of celebrating this day in Brazil.
One day, on the occasion of an ordination, a great many visiting Dominican friars were present, and there was some misunderstanding over who should preach. The Franciscans naturally expected that one of the Dominicans would occupy the pulpit, for they were renowned for their preaching; the Dominicans, on the other hand, had come unprepared, thinking that a Franciscan would be the homilist. In this quandary, the head of the hermitage, who had no one among his own humble friars suitable for the occasion, called upon Anthony, whom he suspected was most qualified, and entreated him to speak whatever the Holy Spirit should put into his mouth. Anthony objected but was overruled, and his sermon created a deep impression. Not only his rich voice and arresting manner, but the entire theme and substance of his discourse and his moving eloquence, held the attention of his hearers. At that point, Anthony was commissioned by Brother Gratian, the local Minister Provincial, to preach the Gospel throughout the area of Lombardy, in northern Italy. In this capacity he came to the attention of the founder of the order, St. Francis of Assisi. Francis had held a strong distrust of the place of theological studies in the life of his brotherhood, fearing that it might lead to an abandonment of their commitment to a life of real poverty. In Anthony, however, he found a kindred spirit for his vision, who was also able to provide the teaching needed by young members of the order who might seek ordination. He thereby entrusted the pursuit of studies for any of his friars to the care of Brother Anthony. From then on his skills were used to the utmost by the Church. Occasionally he took another post, as a teacher, for instance, at the universities of Montpellier and Toulouse in southern France, but it was as a preacher that Anthony revealed his supreme gift. In 1226, after attending the General Chapter of his order held at Arles, France, and preaching in the French region of Provence, Anthony returned to Italy and served as envoy from the general chapter to Pope Gregory IX. At the Papal court, his preaching was hailed as a "jewel case of the Bible" and he was commissioned to produce his collection of sermons, Sermons for Feast Days (Sermones in Festivitates). Anthony became ill with dropsy and, in 1231, went to the woodland retreat at Camposampiero with two other friars for a respite. There Anthony lived in a cell built for him under the branches of a walnut tree. Saint Anthony died on the way back to Padua on 13 June 1231 at thePoor Clare monastery at Arcella, aged 36. Various legends surround the death of Anthony. One holds that when he died, the children cried in the streets and that all the bells of the churches rang of their own accord. Another legend regards his tongue. Anthony is buried in a chapel within the large basilica built to honor him, where his tongue is displayed for veneration in a large reliquary. When his body was exhumed thirty years after his death, it was claimed that the tongue glistened and looked as if it was still alive and moist; apparently a further claim was made that this was a sign of his gift of preaching.
Veneration
Anthony could be said to have become the "quickest" saint in the history of the Catholic Church because he was canonized by Pope Gregory IX less than one year after his death. His fame spread through Portuguese evangelization, and he has been known as the most celebrated of the followers of Saint Francis of Assisi. He is the patron saint of his adopted home of Padua, as well as of his native Lisbon, not to mention many other places in Portugal and in the countries of the former Portuguese Empire. He is especially invoked for the recovery of lost items. Proclaimed a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius XII on January 16, 1946, he is sometimes called the "Evangelical Doctor" (Doctor Evangelicus).
Cultural traditions
Each year on the weekend of the last Sunday in August, Boston's North End holds a feast in honor of St. Anthony. Referred to as the "Feast of All Feasts", St. Anthony's Feast in Boston's North End was begun in 1919 by Italian immigrants from Montefalcione, a small town near Naples, where the tradition of honoring St. Anthony goes back to 1688. The feast has become the largest Italian religious festival in the United States. In 1746 the 1,000 bed Santo António (Saint Anthony) Hospital was completed in Porto, the Portugal Wine City. The hospital is located across the street from the building Lord Wellington set up, as his headquarters to eventually defeat Napoleon. Today Santo António Hospital is famous for successful liver transplants. The ancient "Santo António Hospital Chapel" is a mecca for patients seeking Santo António for the miracle of a cure, and for tourists seeking unique architecture. Visitors taking the Douro River wine boat tours look up from the river to see Santo António Hospital at the center of the city of Porto (Oporto), which is the size of the city of Denver. Santo António Hospital is located above the heart of the Wine Lodges. These "lodges" are Douro River vineyard producers of Port (Ruby, Tawney, Vintage & Crusty) , Red (Vinho Tinto) and White (Branco) wines. Saint Anthony is well celebrated after a good harvest. On January 27, 1907 in Beaumont, Texas, a church was dedicated and named in honor of St. Anthony of Padua. The church was later designated a cathedral in 1966 with the formation of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Beaumont, but was not formally consecrated. On April 28, 1974, St Anthony Cathedral was dedicated and consecrated by Bishop Warren Boudreaux. In 2006 Pope Benedict XVI granted St. Anthony Cathedral the designation of minor basilica. St. Anthony Cathedral Basilica celebrated its 100th anniversary on January 28, 2007. Seventeenth century Spanish missionaries came across a small Native American community along what was then known as the Yanaguana River on the feast day of Saint Anthony and renamed the river and eventually a mission built nearby in his honor. This mission became the focal point of a small community that eventually grew in size and scope to become the city of San Antonio, Texas. St. Anthony is known in Portugal, Spain and Brazil as a marriage saint, because legend has him as one who conciliated couples. His feast day, June 13, is Lisbon's municipal holiday, celebrated with parades and marriages of humble couples. (The previous day, June 12, is the Brazilian Valentine's Day.) He is one of the saints cele- The church of Saint Anthony Padua in Aleppo, Syria, brated in the Brazilian Festa Junina (also known as the "São João"), of built in 1910 along with John the Baptist and Saint Peter. In the city of Madrid, young women, especially seamstresses have the practice of going to his local shrine, the Chapel of St. Anthony of la Florida, where the custom is to drop a pin into theholy water font. This would lead to their dreaming of their husbands to be that same night. That church boasts a series of paintings showing the saint's life painted by Francisco Goya, who is now buried there. In Uvari, in Tamil Nadu, India, the church of St. Anthony is home to an ancient wooden statue that is said to have cured the entire crew of a Portuguese ship suffering from cholera. St Anthony is said to perform many miracles daily, and Uvari is visited by pilgrims of different religions from all over South India.Tamil Nadu Christians have a high reverence for St. Anthony and is a popular saint there, he is lovingly called "The Miracle Saint", many miracles especially related to Finding of Lost things have been attributed to St. Anthony. There is a strong devoution to St. Anthony among Indian Catholics and can be seen In all of the Catholic Churches In India. In 1511, Titian painted three scenes of Miracles from the life of St. Anthony of Padua, The Miracle of the Jealous Husband which depicts the murder of a young woman by her husband, (see new findings in Titian's Fresco technique at the Scuola del Santo in Padua, The Art Bulletin March 1999, Volume LXXXI Number 1, Author Sergio Rossetti Morosini), A Child Testifying to Its Mother's Innocence, and The Saint Healing the Young Man with a Broken Limb.
Vincent's Day E R M A N Y- J u n e 1 3 G Vincent Mennonite Cemetery, which was in earlier
times known as Rhoad's Burying Ground, is certainly one of the oldest, if not the oldest, burying ground in the area of Chester County along the west side of the Schuylkill. John C. Wenger in his 1937 'History of the Mennonites of the Franconia Conference' states, "The present building has a stone in it with the date 1735 inscribed upon it. This has been regarded as the date of the founding of the congregation. It seems to be based on the date of an old grave marker." Some deny that a meeting house or congregation could have existed at that early date, however records show that Johannes Roth (Rhoads) settled on this land in 1719. He died in 1738, his first wife having predeceased him. It is reasonable to think they would have been buried at this burying ground on the land where they lived. Frederick Sheeder, in his 1845 sketch of Vincent Township [PMHB, Vol. XXXIV (1910), January, April & July editions] said, "the meeting house that has allways whent by the name of Rohd's this meeting house was built 1750 the old Germans nearly all in the neighborhood church and meeting folks burried on this graveyard Adam Miller that died on John Shuler's place was burried here before the revolution Henry Heffilfinger, the father of Jacob, was burried here 1790 . . . and old John Wagner, Loranz Hippel in the year 1785 (sic), old John and Henry Rohds, Nicholas Miller and other old members rest here". Most probably due to the Vincent land squabbles, there was no deed made by the Rhoads family to the Vincent congregation until 1798. On 12 June 1798, John Roads of Vincent and Catharina his wife, for the sum of five shillings, conveyed to Henry Acker Senior and Jacob Finkbiner, a lot or piece of land situate in the said Township of Vincent, bounded by lands of John Rhoades, containing two acres more or less (Chester Co. Deed Bk. Q2:219). On the following day, 13 June 1798, a Declaration of Trust was made between Henry Acker Sen'r and Jacob Finkbiner, both of Vincent, of the one part, and Cornelius Pannebacker, Henry Acker Ju'r., Isaac Turner and George Diemer, all of Vincent, of the other part. In Special Trust & Confidence in them reposed, the said lot of two acres, "with the house thereon erected and built to be and remain for a Meeting Place for the religious Society called Menonests at Vincent Aforesaid for the performance of Divine worship and shall also permit and Suffer the said Meeting house to be used as a Schoolhouse to educate the youth of the said relegious Society in useful learning as also of all other Denominations of Christians who have been or who Shall or may be aiders or Afsistants in the building thereof & keeping the same in repair or any Improvements necessarily made thereon And shall further permit & suffer so much of the said lot or piece of land above described as shall be deemed necefsary by the said Relegious Society to be and remain for a Burying ground for the Interment as well of the dead of the Said Relegious society of Menonists as of all others who have been or shall be aiders or Afsistants as Aforesaid and Shall & will also permit and Allow each and every of the said other Denominations of Christians so Interring their dead in the Said burying ground to make use of the said house or Lot of ground then as Aforesaid for any purpose whatever..." (Chester Co. Deed Bk. R2:70). East Vincent Reformed Church Records refer to many burials in this graveyard - of Mennonites and others. The ground was definitely used by neighbors of all denominations (most of whom were German) even before there were burials at Zion's or the Hill Church (the two other old cemeteries in the area).
Day of Mourning and Hope LITHUANIA - June 14
Commemoration
In June 14, 1941, NKVD started the mass arrests and deportations of Lithuanian people – the whole families were exiled to the depth of the Soviet Union, Siberia. There’s still unknown the exact number of deported and dead.
Definition of exiles
Exiles or deportations (lat. “deportatio” – the act of forcing somebody to leave the country, exile) – is a specific type of political repression. A distinctive feature of deportations as a type of repression is their administrative (non-legal) manner and the fact that they were directed not towards the particular person but towards the group of people defined by some prejudged criteria.
Decisions
The decisions on exile were made by the leaders of the Soviet Union communist party on the initiative of NKVD-MVD and NKGB-MGB institutions.
Deported
Only those whose record files contained some “discreditable material”, for example, on the participation in the fight for Independence, occupation of high public service position, belonging to the corps of rifles, etc. had to be deported. NKVD documents call the procedure of deportation “the expulsion of socially alien elements”. All these categories and types of repression were similar in the sense that none of the exiled was formally sentenced. Three types of repression were designed for tens of categories of deportees: residence in the area by NKVD supervision, residence in prison camps and in the GU¬LAG system labour camps. The representatives of Lithuanian political, military and economic elite were mostly among the deported.
They deported
Most people were deported to the region of Altai, fewer to the region of Novosibirsk, Kazakhstan and Komia. Some were deported to Bellag (Carelia) and Oneglag (the region of Archangelsk). Men, who were separated from their families, were brought to different camps – Carlag, Vorkutlag (the region of Komia), Siblag (the region of Kemerov), Sevurallag (the former Sverdlovskregion) and Kraslag (the region of Krasnoyarsk, Resiotai town), Norillag. In extremely narrow circumstances were brought to the north of Jacutia, the islands of the Lena river delta.
Number and composition of the exiled
The number of the deportees from Lithuania amounts to 12 832 people (the fate of 12 331 was established). The number of the detained – 4 663 (the fate of 3 915 was established). Total number of all the categories of the repressed after the deportation operation in Lithuania amounts to about 17 500 people (the fate of 16 246 deportees was established). Among the deportees whose fate was established some 2 045 were Jews, 1 576 – Poles, 11 991 – Lithuanians. Some5060 among the deportees were children under the age of 16 (41% of all the exiled to the places of deportation).
Deportation consequences
1. Repression was directed towards the annihilation of families’ not particular people. By annihilating the whole families, their years of accumulated experience, social-cultural influence had to vanish. The most educated part of officers, policemen, teachers, journalists etc of the two decades had to vanish. 2. Deportation affected all national groups more or less in the same way, however, relatively the Jewish community suffered most – 1% of the community members were exiled (about 0.5% of Lithuanians). 3. Deportation had a special impact on the situation in Lithuania – the exile of thousands of people, absence of information on the fate of deportees due to the war lets us evaluate deportation as a physical annihilation of people. Under the conditions of the Nazi occupation the fact of deportations was used to disseminate national-socialist doctrines in the society, to promote intolerance as well as to ascribe the responsibility for the deportations to the representatives of the Jewish community. 4. The deportees were taken to the places not suitable for residence, therefore a part of them died. Deportation is seen as a crime of genocide or a crime against humanity.
Destiny of the exiled
Out of all the deportees 33.59 % returned to Lithuania, 26.52 % died in the places of deportation and imprisonment and the fate of almost 40% remains unknown. The total number of deportees in 1941-1952 is estimated to be at least 135 500. During the period of 1945-1952, over 32 000 children were deported from Lithuania.
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(Google News) Tripoli, Libya -Libyan rebels staged an armed uprising against Moammar Khadafy in the western city of Zlitan Friday, a rebel spokesman said, adding that 22 of their fighters had been killed. There was no independent confirmation of the rebel claims, but they would mark the first significant rebel attempt to take control of a major city in western Libya since the early days of the uprising. Zlitan lies just over 100 miles east of Tripoli and about 30 miles west of the besieged rebel-held city of Misrata. A Libyan government spokesman could not be reached for comment.
Turkey's 100 million USD financial assistance to Libya and the latest political developments in the country, diplomatic sources said. Davutoglu and Clinton also exchanged views on developments (Google News) The Turkish forin Syria, as eign minister said on Davutoglu Thursday that a serihis briefed ous humanitarian U.S. countersituation might arise part on the if inflow of Syrian talks Turkish refugees to Turkey Prime Miniscontinued. Recep ter Turkish Foreign MinTayyip Erdoister Ahmet Davutogan held with glu commented on Syrian Presithe talks held within dent Bashar the scope of the Al-Assad. third meeting of InExpressing ternational Contact her concern Group on Libya. "As Turkey is Syria's U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton gives Turkey\'s over the situneighbor and friend, Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu a high five at the ation in Syria, everybody asks us start of their bilateral meeting at the Emirates Palace Clinton said her country about the situation in Hotel in Abu Dhabi June 9 would conthe country. We are concerned about the latest devel- Libya until the meeting we will hold tinue to be in contact with Turkey by mid-July. This is our main goal," on the issue. opments," Davutoglu said. According to diplomatic sources, Pointing to thousands of refugees he said. crossing the Turkish-Syrian border Pointing to the financial assistance Turkish-U.S. relations were also in an effort to escape from the Turkey plans to extend to Libya, discussed during the gathering, as chaos in the country, Davutoglu Davutoglu said the 100 million both parties expressed their will to said, "If such inflow continues, it USD assistance would be mainly continue cooperation in fight will give rise to a very serious hu- used for humanitarian aid and the against PKK violence. country's restructuring process. Apart from Clinton, Davutoglu also manitarian situation". The foreign minister said Turkey " D a v u t o g l u - C l i n t o n held a meeting with French Formeeting" eign Minister Alain Juppe. Develwas a strong country and it could deal with the consequences if nec- Turkish foreign minister meets opments in Syria and Libya, as U.S. state secretary in Abu Dhabi well as the latest operation against essary. "Nobody wants instability in Syria. The Turkish foreign minister met militant organization PKK in the U.S. state secretary in Abu France were on the agenda of the In order to prevent that, the country's reform process should be Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, on gathering. As part of his visit to UAE, the speeded up and the nation should Thursday. be convinced that a new era is Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Turkish foreign minister held talks who arrived in UAE's Davutoglu, Organization of the Islamic with about to begin. Otherwise, it will be hard to calm down the current capital to attend the third meeting Conference (OIC) head Ekmeledof International Contact Group on din Ihsanoglu and chairperson atmosphere," he said. Commenting on the developments Libya, got together with U.S. Sec- Jean Ping of the Commission of of State Hillary Clinton. retary the African Union as well. in Libya as well, Davutoglu said the country needed a political so- The two officials discussed the situation in Libya, particularly lution above all things. The minister said that Turkey had always been in contact with all the parties in Libya and it would continue to hold talks with them. "We hope that steps for lasting peace will have been taken in
Gates blasts NATO for weaknesses BRUSSELS – In one of his last major addresses before his retirement this month, Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates said Friday that NATO’s sometimes shaky air campaign in Libya had “laid bare” the shortcomings of the alliance, which he said was facing “collective military irrelevance” after years of inadequate defense spending by most of its members
(Google News) In March, the alliance unanimously backed the decision to go to war in Libya to protect civilians from forces loyal to Moammar Gadhafi, but Gates noted that less than half of NATO’s 28 members were participating in the military operation and fewer than a third are conducting airstrikes against ground targets. “Frankly, many of those allies sitting on the sidelines do so not because they do not want to participate, but simply because they cannot,” Gates said. “The military capabilities simply aren’t there.” The assessment of NATO’s capabilities came at the end of an 11-day aroundthe-world trip. While praising NATO for its performance in Afghanistan, he said the al-
liance was suffering from shortcomings in “capability and will” in Libya. His remarks, to an audience of diplomats, military officers and former alliance officials at a Brussels library, came after two days of closed-door meetings with fellow defense chiefs at NATO headquarters, during which Gates was at times even more blunt about the alliance’s other shortcoming, according to U.S. officials. On Wednesday, he took the unusual step of criticizing Germany and Poland, which have refused to participate in the Libya campaign, along with Spain, Turkey and the Netherlands, which are participating but not in airstrikes, to step up their roles, according to officials familiar with the discussion. The biggest problem, he said Friday, was that few countries had spent money on aircraft and other systems that deliver intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, which are critical to the air war in Libya. “The mightiest military alliance in history is only 11 weeks into an operation against a poorly armed regime in a sparsely populated country – yet many allies are beginning to run short of munitions, requiring the U.S., once more, to make up the difference,” he said.
Anthony murder trial enters 16th day of testimony (Google News) ORLANDO, Fla. The murder trial of a Florida woman accused of killing her 2-year-old daughter enters its 16th day, as prosecutors focus in on what they believe caused the child's death. Casey Anthony is charged with first-degree murder. If convicted she should face death. Prosecutors believe she suffocated Caylee Anthony with duct tape. The defense contends she drowned in her grandparents' swimming pool.
Jurors heard testimony Friday from the medical examiner that reviewed the child's skeletal remains, and also viewed video showing how a piece of duct tape could have killed her. Despite an at times contentious crossexamination at one point by one of Casey Anthony's defense attorneys, Orange and Osceola County chief medical examiner Dr. Jan Garavaglia testified that she determined the toddler's manner of death to be homicide.
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E. coli: German-grown sprouts culprit in outbreak
(Google News) Berlin -Specialists in high-tech labs tested thousands of vegetables as they hunted for the source of the world's deadliest E. coli outbreak, but in the end it was oldfashioned detective work that provided the answer: German-grown sprouts. After more than a month of searching, health officials announced Friday they had determined that sprouts from an organic farm in the northern German village of Bienenbuettel were the source of the outbreak that has killed 31 people, sickened nearly 3,100 and prompted much of Europe to shun vegetables. It's little surprise that sprouts were the culprit - they have been implicated in many previous food-borne outbreaks: ones in Michigan and Virginia in 2005, and a large outbreak in Japan in 1996 that killed 11 people and sickened more than 9,000. While sprouts are full of protein and vitamins, their ability to transmit disease makes some public health officials nervous. Sprouts have abundant surface area for bacteria to cling to, and if their seeds are contaminated, washing won't help. German investigators tracked the path of the bacteria step by step, from hospital patients struggling with diarrhea and kidney failure, to restaurants where they may have gotten sick, to specific meals and ingredients, to industrial food suppliers and the farms that grew the produce.
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we wonder why we aren't doing a lot of business." The U.S. remains the top donor to Africa, disbursing $7.6 billion in 2009, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. China isn't a member of the OECD, and doesn't provide detailed breakdowns of aid and investment to Africa. But in 2009, China became Africa's largest trade partner. In the first 11 months of last year, China's trade with Africa amounted to $114.81 billion, according to the Chinese government's White Paper on the topic. U.S. trade with Africa for the period reached $103 billion, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. China has tied much of its trade and investment to Africa with preferential loan deals, often aimed at securing supplies of oil, gas and minerals. Top-ranking Chinese officials regularly visit African countries to cement these agreements. "The goal of China is mercantilist; they do what they need to do to get access to natural resources," says Paul Ryberg, the Washingtonbased president for the African Coalition for Trade, which represents African companies in the U.S. The centerpiece of U.S. economic engagement, Agoa, says Mr. Ryberg "is economic development, creation of jobs and the creation of a middle class to buy our products." But while Agoa boosted African exports to the U.S.—10 times from its inception to 2008—it has failed to broaden significantly the trade relationship. Energy exports account for about 90% of sub-Saharan African trade to the U.S., according to a study published last month by the Brookings Institution, a Washington think tank. That type of trade relationship is seen as too narrow to seize opportunities tied to Africa's accelerating economic growth and new consumers. The International Monetary Fund predicts sub-Saharan Africa—a collection of 47 countries—will grow 5.5% this year and 6% in 2012. Over the next five years, the IMF predicts that average growth of sub-Saharan countries will be higher than other regions. The African Development Bank Group estimates a new consumer class on the continent of 300 million people. Yet the continent remains burdened by political corruption and poor infrastructure—problems that ratchet up the price of goods, particularly in many landlocked countries. Most African countries rank at the bottom of the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business survey. Companies from China, India and
Panetta offers few details on plans for Afghan war
WASHINGTON (Google News) The presumptive new leader of the Pentagon, Leon Panetta, offered almost no specifics at his Senate confirmation hearing yesterday on how he’ll oversee the war in Afghanistan, saying it was up to others in the Obama administration to decide how many troops to begin withdrawing next month. Panetta, 72, is scheduled to take office in three weeks if he wins Senate approval. That seemed a safe bet yesterday as members from both parties on the Senate Armed Services Committee praised his record as director of the Central Intelligence Agency since 2009, par-
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East Africa Qaeda chief Fazul Mohammed killed
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(Google News) MISRATA, Libya—At least 30 people were killed and more than 100 wounded, most of them rebel fighters, in a fierce offensive by Col. Moammar Gadhafi's forces Friday on the outskirts of Libya's rebel-held port city of Misrata. By nightfall, Misrata's rebels retained control of the farmland area known as Dafniya, some 18 miles to the west. Some rebels said they wanted to advance further west and capture Zlitin, the next regime-controlled town on the highway to Tripoli, with the help of recently deployed U.K. and French helicopters. Others argued that Zlitin's residents must rise up first against Col. Gadhafi in order not to provoke tribal warfare. A British spokesman said Friday that U.K. Apache helicopters had been in action over Misrata on Thursday, destroying a regime military communications installation and multiple rocket launchers. Rebels said jets from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization bombed some of the advancing pro-Gadhafi forces Friday, a claim that couldn't immediately be confirmed. Casualties among the pro-regime forces were unknown. But an officer captured by rebels at the frontline said some 120 volunteer fighters were bused by the regime to Zlitin on Wednesday to back up soldiers in the offensive led by the Khamis Brigade, a unit named after and commanded by one of Col. Gadhafi's sons. "We came to Misrata to strike the rebels," the officer said during an interrogation by a rebel leader, witnessed inside a makeshift rebel camp. "They brought us as sacrificial lambs, believe me." A spokesman from the local military council said the fighting was some of the fiercest in the city's long battle against the Libyan government forces. Rebel witnesses said Col. Gadhafi's forces had attempted to retake Dafniya early Friday with several tanks, armored vehicles and rocket launchers. The tanks were firing at anything that moved on the coastal highway between Tripoli and Misrata, they said, making the road unusable. Many said that most of the casualties among the rebels were caused by artillery fire. Wing Commander Mike Bracken, a NATO spokesman, said Friday the front line near Zlitin is "volatile and unstable." "Whether Gadhafi forces are able to launch a large-scale attack remains unconfirmed," he said. Heavy rocket fire turned some of parts of Dafniya, a scenic area of pine, olive and palm trees, into smoldering fields. In one farm, rebel fighters rested behind earth berms as rockets whizzed overhead and gunfire crackled in the distance. Some fighters ahead launched rocket-propelled grenades in response. One fighter, Lutfi al-Ameen, said his unit was involved in close combat with proregime forces stationed five farms away after they tried to enter Dafniya from several areas. Asked if rebels would try to capture Zlitin he said: "It's crucial they [Zlitin residents] move first." Earlier rocket explosions were heard nonstop from early morning in Misrata. By midday, pickup trucks filled with rebel fighters were seen heading toward Dafniya. A flatbed truck laden with ammunition was also seen on its way to provide reinforcements. On a beach on the way to Dafniya, rebels were seen firing Russianmade Grad rockets from a launcher they had seized from pro-regime forces. A heavy stream of ambulances and emergency crews used an old road that hugs the shoreline to bring the dead and wounded to Misrata. Hundreds of people gathered outside Al-Hikma Hospital, which had posted a list of the casualties from the fighting. Doctors at Al-Hikma, which is akin to a private polyclinic, couldn't cope with the flow of casualties. Two triage tents setup in the parking lot were filled to capacity as the bodies of the dead were piled up into the pediatric and orthopedic clinics. "Identity unknown," read papers pasted on two body bags. A man in the hallway sobbed hysterically for his dead brother. Inside Misrata, rebels were on high alert and setting up checkpoints across the city to stop and search vehicles. The latest offensive by Col. Gadhafi's forces is believed to be an attempt to preempt rebels from advancing toward Tripoli, 120 miles to the west, or to Sirte, some 150 miles southeast of Misrata. The rebels appear to be undecided over whether to make an advance on either city, or remain in Misrata to retain control of the city, which they recaptured in May after a long and devastating siege. At a news conference held by the council on Thursday in Misrata, the council's spokesman, Fathi Bashagha, said the rebels wanted to advance toward Tripoli and then to Sirte. However, another spokesman said they needed to be cautious about advancing, and would only move toward the coastal town of Zlitin—the first large town west of Misrata on the road to Tripoli—when there is enough opposition within the town to rise up against government forces. So far, some fighters from Zlitin have joined the rebels in Misrata in their fight against the regime.
Brazil generally have been less daunted by such challenges. Bharti Airtel Ltd., India's largest phone company, now operates in 16 African countries, part of a dramatic expansion of Indian investment in Africa. This month, Bharti Airtel said it signed a deal with China's Huawei Technologies Co. to help manage and modernize its network in Africa. U.S. officials say American companies, not the government, must pursue opportunities in Africa. In most African countries U.S. investment lags far behind American aid. In Zambia, for example, the U.S. foreign direct investment was $79 million in 2008, up 3.9% from the year before, according to USTR. Meanwhile, the U.S. Agency for International Development estimated it spent $390 million in Zambia last year, up from $300 million in 2009. Outside Lusaka, China has invested more than $1 billion in an investment zone near the Chambishi copper belt. The zone includes 14 Chinese companies, mostly mining and equipment makers. China's investment in Zambia hasn't been without its troubles. In March, 600 workers went on strike demanding a 50% pay increase, the latest in a long list of labor disputes. Meanwhile, Zambia's opposition politicians have accused China of taking away jobs from Zambians and subjecting their country to a new form of colonization. At the same time, the southern African economy is showing signs of moving beyond its dependence on minerals. Lusaka's commercial real-estate market is crammed with new tenants, even as new buildings and shopping malls go up. The 36-year old Mr. Marchand, an entrepreneur from Chicago, says he arrived in 2005 with four laptops, a printer and $100,000 to start his telecom and consulting company. The U.S. government assistance, he says, was minimal. "They issued me a passport." At least now the U.S. government is paying attention, says Mr. Marchand, who is also the president of a new American Chamber of Commerce in Zambia. On Saturday, U.S. Secretary Clinton and U.S. Trade Representative Kirk are scheduled to attend the chamber's opening ceremony. In her remarks Friday, Mrs. Clinton said: "At meetings like this one we hear a lot of ideas tossed around. But I think the very best ideas come from the people who are actually starting and running the businesses in Africa."
ticularly the raid that killed Al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden in Pakistan. “I can’t wait to vote for you,’’ said Senator Lindsey Graham, a South Carolina Republican. At the same time, the gentle grilling that the senators gave Panetta made clear that running the Defense Department will be far tougher than getting confirmed. The tenor of the questions indicated that his honeymoon period could be brief as he faces pressure to wind down the wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Libya, as well as manage pending cuts to the Pentagon’s budget. President Obama has ordered $400 billion in spending reductions on national security over the next 12 years, and it will be largely P m
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New challenge for U.S.-Pakistan ties (Google News) ISLAMABAD, Pakistan — Twice in recent weeks, the United States provided Pakistan with the specific locations of insurgent bombmaking factories, only to see the militants learn their cover had been blown and vacate the sites before military action could be taken, according to U.S. and Pakistani officials. Overhead surveillance video and other information was given to Pakistani officials in mid-May, officials said, as part of a trustbuilding effort by the Obama administration after the killing of Osama bin Laden in a U.S. raid early last month. But Pakistani military units that arrived at the sites in the tribal areas of North and South Waziristan on June 4 found them abandoned. U.S. officials say they do not know how the operation was compromised. But they are concerned that either the information was inadvertently leaked inside Pakistan or insurgents were warned directly by Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence directorate, or ISI. A senior Pakistani military official said Friday that the United States had also shared information about other sites, including weapons-storage facilities, that were similarly found empty. “There is a suspicion that perhaps there was a tip-off,” the official said. “It’s being looked into by our people, and certainly anybody involved will be taken to task.” In the past, Pakistan has strenuously denied allegations that its security services are colluding with insurgents. The incidents are expected to feature prominently in conversations between Pakistani officials and CIA Director LeonPanetta, who arrived in Pakistan on Friday. The U.S. argument, one official said, will be: “We are willing to share, but you have to prove you will act. Some of your people are no longer fully under your control.” U.S. officials said Panetta would also carry a more positive message, reiterating that the United States wants to rebuild a trusting, constructive relationship with Pakistan. Immediately after bin Laden’s death, some administration officials and lawmakers argued that the al-Qaeda leader’s presence in a suburban Pakistani compound was reason enough to withhold U.S. assistance from Pakistan. But the prevailing view has been that the two countries need each other despite their problems. Pakistan has frequently responded to U.S. entreaties to move against insurgent safe havens in the tribal areas by asking for proof of their presence. Officials said that video of the two installations indicated both were being used to manufacture improvised explosive devices, or IEDs — the roadside bombs that are the principal killers of U.S. and coalition troops in Afghanistan. One was located in a girls’ school in the city of Miram Shah, home to the Haqqani network’s North Waziristan headquarters. The other, in South Waziristan, was thought to be an al-Qaeda-run facility, according to officials who spoke on the condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the issue. While the United States has conducted an aggressive campaign of drone strikes in the tribal areas, both sites were considered poor drone targets because of the high potential for civilian casualties.
U.S. officials say they do not know how the operation was compromised. But they are concerned that either the information was inadvertently leaked inside Pakistan or insurgents were warned directly by Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence directorate, or ISI. A senior Pakistani military official said Friday that the United States had also shared information about other sites, including weapons-storage facilities, that were similarly found empty. “There is a suspicion that perhaps there was a tip-off,” the official said. “It’s being looked into by our people, and certainly anybody involved will be taken to task.” In the past, Pakistan has strenuously denied allegations that its security services are colluding with insurgents. The incidents are expected to feature prominently in conversations between Pakistani officials and CIA Director Leon Panetta, who arrived in Pakistan on Friday. The U.S. argument, one official said, will be: “We are willing to share, but you have to prove you will act. Some of your people are no longer fully under your control.” U.S. officials said Panetta would also carry a more positive message, reiterating that the United States wants to rebuild a trusting, constructive relationship with Pakistan. Immediately after bin Laden’s death, some administration officials and lawmakers argued that the al-Qaeda leader’s presence in a suburban Pakistani compound was reason enough to withhold U.S. assistance from Pakistan. But the prevailing view has been that the two countries need each other despite their problems. Pakistan has frequently responded to U.S. entreaties to move against insurgent safe havens in the tribal areas by asking for proof of their presence. Officials said that video of the two installations indicated both were being used to manufacture improvised explosive devices, or IEDs — the roadside bombs that are the principal killers of U.S. and coalition troops in Afghanistan. One was located in a girls’ school in the city of Miram Shah, home to the Haqqani network’s North Waziristan headquarters. The other, in South Waziristan, was thought to be an al-Qaeda-run facility, according to officials who spoke on the condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the issue. While the United States has conducted an aggressive campaign of drone strikes in the tribal areas, both sites were considered poor drone targets because of the high potential for civilian casualties. That access was granted two weeks ago, leading to a visit by Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton and Adm. Michael Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. At that time, Clinton asked about action on the videos. She has since followed up with two telephone calls to Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani. The two installations had been cleared out before Pakistani military units moved against them on June 4, satellite imagery subsequently revealed. A local security official in North Waziristan confirmed that Pakistani forces had raided the girls’ school after militants had abandoned it. A local tribal official, who, like the security official, spoke on the condition of
anonymity, said it is common for insurgent groups to use schools and hospitals to manufacture weapons.
Tense relations
When Clinton visited Pakistan two weeks ago, she said Washington expected to see “decisive steps” from Pakistan “in the days ahead.” But in recent weeks, Pakistan has seemed only to further distance itself from its U.S. alliance, forcing out most of the 135 U.S. troops who had been here training Pakistani forces. On Thursday, Kayani issued a pointed statement that called for U.S. military aid for Pakistan to be converted into economic assistance, demanded an end to U.S. drone strikes in the tribal areas and insisted Pakistan would not be pressured into conducting military operations. The United States has been pushing Pakistan for more than a year to mount an offensive in North Waziristan. But Pakistan has resisted the calls, saying its forces are already stretched too thin. Tribal leaders in North Waziristan said Friday that a government official had recently visited the area and told residents not to leave their homes, because no military operation was imminent. In addition to pressure from the United States, Pakistan’s military has faced intense domestic criticism since the May 2 raid. On Friday, opposition leader and former prime minister Nawaz Sharif accused the army of running “a parallel government” and demanded that it end its “dominance of Pakistan’s foreign policy.” The comments were unusually bold in a country where civilian politicians have long bowed to the military’s authority. Panetta, who has been nominated to be the next U.S. defense secretary, left for Pakistan soon after confirmation hearings on Capitol Hill concluded Thursday. Pakistan’s army issued a terse statement saying that Panetta had met with Kayani, and the two discussed “the framework for future intelligence sharing.”
Karzai arives for talks
Panetta’s arrival coincided with that of Afghan President Hamid Karzai, who traveled to Islamabad on Friday for two days of talks with top Pakistani leaders amid cautious hopes that the two nations can forge a coordinated strategy for reconciling with insurgents. The two governments have long mistrusted one another, with Afghan officials accusing Pakistan of covertly backing the Taliban and other militant groups. But tensions have eased in recent months, and Afghan officials said Karzai’s visit will help to test Pakistan’s assertions that it is prepared to play a constructive role in ending the war in Afghanistan after more than three decades of conflict. “There is a change of attitude here,” said Mohammad Umer Daudzai, the Afghan ambassador to Pakistan. “Pakistan has been badly hurt by militants. They are under pressure. So we have to realize that this is an ideal opportunity.” But Daudzai also acknowledged that any negotiated solution to the war is a long way off. Pressed on a likely deadline, he cited 2014, when foreign troops are slated to hand over security responsibility to the Afghan government.
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Afghanistan, Pakistan agree to implement transit trade accord
Wordclouds of ISAF Press Releases Illuminate Deteriorating Afghan War As he U S ed n erna ona Secur y Ass s ance Force s e or s n A ghan s an have s rug g ed s PR has become cheer er and vaguer
rebel fighters. He said 85 people had been wounded Friday. "One of the soldiers we captured said Khamis has told his troops 'If you don't take Misrata we are finished.' "Misrata was subjected to daily shelling by government forces in March and April, but rebels eventually forced Khadafy's troops out of the city after intense clashes, and there had been a lull in the fighting for the past few weeks. Also Friday, Turkey's Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan said his country has offered to help Khadafy "leave for wherever you would like,"
U.S. Aims to Gain New Edge in Africa LUSAKA, Zambia—Secretary of State Hillary Clinton on Friday warned that China didn't always have Africa's interests at heart as it invested and offered assistance on the continent, highlighting frictions between the countries as economic stakes on the continent rise. In remarks to reporters after the close of a business conference in the Zambian capital of Lusaka, Mrs. Clinton said China "has not always utilized the talents of the African people in pursuing its business interests." She added, however, that the U.S. also wanted to work more closely with China, and had instructed embassies to seek "areas of cooperation" with Chinese counterparts in Africa. She told the conference the U.S. was embarking on "a new way of doing business" that seeks to foster grass-roots commercial activity rather than aid. "Our approach is based on partnership, not patronage. It is focused not on handouts but on the kind of economic growth that underlies long-term progress," Mrs. Clinton said. "Ultimately, it is aimed at helping developing countries chart their own futures and, frankly, end the need for aid at all." U.S. officials and business leaders gathered in Zambia for a bout of soul-searching on how to lift trade and investment in Africa, underlining a broad recognition that American companies are trailing those from China and India in tapping the continent's economic opportunities. The meeting in Zambia drew one of the largest U.S. delegations to Africa in years. It also included U.S. Trade Representative Ron Kirk. Mrs. Clinton is the first U.S. secretary of state to visit Zambia in more than three decades. The focus of the meeting was the African Growth and Opportunities Act, or Agoa, an 11-year-old piece of U.S. legislation that provides preferential access to the American market for more than 1,800 African products. It covers 37 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with a handful of others disqualified because of coups and corruption. Many participants say the U.S. needs a new approach to a continent that is projected to grow faster than any other global region over the next five years. They say trade assistance, along with humanitarian aid, together aren't enough to tap a market with a billion potential consumers. "America has more medical doctors and Ph.D.s here than businessmen," says Greg Marchand, who runs a telecommunications and consulting company in Zambia called Gizmos Solutions Ltd. "And
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"Zlitan has fully risen," said Mohamed Ali, a rebel spokesman from Misrata who is in the Qatari capital, Doha. "There is a battle around the main hospital in Zlitan as we speak." Meanwhile, Khadafy's forces stepped up their assault on Misrata, pounding rebel positions to the west of the city with tanks and rocket fire Friday, killing at least 26 people, rebels said. "The disheartening thing is that NATO is nowhere to be seen," Ali said. Ali said Khadafy's son Khamis had taken charge of the renewed attack on Misrata, which had killed 91 people in the past week, most of them
Dozens Die in Fresh Gadhafi Offensive Near Misrata
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Flag Day U.S. - June 14
In the United States, Flag Day is celebrated on June 14. It commemorates the adoption of the flag of the United States, which happened that day by resolution of the Second Continental Congress in 1777. In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson issued a proclamation that officially established June 14 as Flag Day; in August 1949, National Flag Day was established by an Act of Congress. Flag Day is not an official federal holiday, though on June 14, 1937, Pennsylvania became the first (and only) U.S. state to celebrate Flag Day as a state holiday, beginning in the town of Rennerdale. Title 36 of the United States Code, Subtitle I, Part A, CHAPTER 1, § 110 is the official statute on Flag Day; however, it is at the President's discretion to proclaim officially the observance. One of the longest-running Flag Day parades is held annually in Quincy, Massachusetts, which began in 1952, celebrating its 59th year in 2010. The 59th Annual Appleton Wisconsin 2009 Flag Day Parade featured the U.S. Navy. The largest Flag Day parade is held annually in Troy, New York, which bases its parade on the Quincy parade and typically draws 50,000 spectators. Perhaps the oldest continuing Flag Day parade is at Fairfield, Washington. Beginning in 1909 or 1910, Fairfield has held a parade every year since, with the possible exception of 1918, and celebrated the "Centennial" parade in 2010, along with some other commemorative events.
History
Several people and/or organizations played instrumental roles in the establishment of a national Flag Day celebration. They are identified here in chronological order.
1861, George Morris
The earliest reference to the suggestion of a "Flag Day" is cited in Kansas: a Cyclopedia of State History, published by Standard Publishing Company of Chicago in 1912. It credits George Morris of Hartford, Connecticut: To George Morris of Hartford, Conn., is popularly given the credit of suggesting "Flag Day," the occasion being in honor of the adoption of the American flag on June 14, 1777. The city of Hartford observed the day in 1861, carrying out a program of a patriotic order, praying for the success of the Federal arms and the preservation of the Union. The observance apparently did not become a tradition.
1885, Bernard J. Cigrand
Working as a grade school teacher in Waubeka, Wisconsin, in 1885, Bernard J. Cigrand held the first recognized formal observance of Flag Day at the Stony Hill School. The school has been restored, and a bust of Cigrand also honors him at the National Flag Day Americanism Center in Waubeka. From the late 1880s on, Cigrand spoke around the country promoting patriotism, respect for the flag, and the need for the annual observance of a flag day on June 14, the day in 1777 that the Continental Congress adopted the Stars and Stripes. He moved to Chicago to attend dental school and, in June 1886, first publicly proposed an annual observance of the birth of the United States flag in an article titled "The Fourteenth of June," published in the Chicago Argus newspaper. In June 1888, Cigrand advocated establishing the holiday in a speech before the "Sons of America," a Chicago group. The organization founded a magazine,American Standard, in order to promote reverence for American emblems. Cigrand was appointed editor-in-chief and wrote articles in the magazine as well as in other magazines and newspapers to promote the holiday. On the third Saturday in June 1894, a public school children’s celebration of Flag Day took place in Chicago at Douglas, Garfield, Humboldt, Lincoln, and Washington Parks. More than 300,000 children participated, and the celebration was repeated the next year. Cigrand became president of the American Flag Day Association and later of the National Flag Day Society, which allowed him to promote his cause with organizational backing. Cigrand once noted he had given 2,188 speeches on patriotism and the flag. Cigrand lived in Batavia, Illinois, from 1913–1932. Cigrand generally is credited with being the "Father of Flag Day," with the Chicago Tribune noting that he "almost singlehandedly" established the holiday.
1888, William T. Kerr
William T. Kerr, a resident of Collier Township, Pennsylvania, for a number of years, founded the Stony Hill School, in Waubeka, American Flag Day Association of Western Pennsylvania in 1888, and became that organization's Wisconsin, the site of the first national chairman one year later, serving as such for fifty years. He attended President Harry S. formal observance of Flag Day Truman's 1949 signing of the Act of Congress that formally established the observance.
1889, George Bolch In 1889, the principal of a free kindergarten, George Bolch, celebrated the Revolution and celebrated Flag Day, as well. 1893, Elizabeth Duane Gillespie
In 1893, Elizabeth Duane Gillespie, a descendant of Benjamin Franklin and the president of the Colonial Dames of Pennsylvania, attempted to have a resolution passed requiring the American flag to be displayed on all Philadelphia's public buildings. This is why some credit Philadelphia as Flag Day's original home. In 1937, Pennsylvania became the first state to make Flag Day a legal holiday.
1907, BPOE
American fraternal order and social club the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks has celebrated the holiday since the early days of the organization and allegiance to the flag is a requirement of every member. In 1907, the BPOE Grand Lodge designated by resolution June 14 as Flag Day. The Grand Lodge of the Order adopted mandatory observance of the occasion by every Lodge in 1911, and that requirement continues. The Elks prompted President Woodrow Wilson to recognize the Order's observance of Flag Day for its patriotic expression.
1908, Theodore Roosevelt
On June 14, Theodore Roosevelt was dining outside Philadelphia, when he noticed a man wiping his nose with what he thought was the American Flag. In outrage, Roosevelt picked up a small wooden rod and began to whip the man for "defacing the symbol of America." After about five or six strong whacks, he noticed that the man was not wiping his nose with a flag, but with a blue handkerchief with white stars. Upon realization of this, he apologized to the man, but hit him once more for making him "riled up with national pride."
1913, City of Paterson, New Jersey
During the 1913 Paterson silk strike, IWW leader “Big” Bill Haywood asserted that someday all of the world's flags would be red, “the color of the working man's blood.” In response, the city's leaders (who opposed the strike) declared March 17th to be “Flag Day,” and saw to it that each of the city's textile mills flew an American flag. This attempt by Paterson's leaders to portray the strikers as un-American backfired when the strikers marched through the city with American flags of their own, along with a banner that stated: WE WEAVE THE FLAG WE LIVE UNDER THE FLAG WE DIE UNDER THE FLAG BUT DAM'D IF WE'LL STARVE UNDER THE FLAG
Observance of Flag Day
The week of June 14 is designated as "National Flag Week." During National Flag Week, the president will issue a proclamation urging U.S. citizens to fly the American flag for the duration of that week. The flag should also be displayed on all Government buildings. Some organizations hold parades and events in celebration of America's national flag and everything it represents. The Betsy Ross House Other organizations and tribal groups hold counter-celebrations and protests. The National Flag Day Foundation holds an annual observance for Flag Day on the second Sunday in June. The program includes a ceremonial raising of the flag, recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance, singing of the National Anthem (The Star-spangled Banner), a parade and more.
Liberation Day FA L K L A N D I S L A N D - J u n e 1 4
Liberation Day, commemorating the deliverance by British Forces of the Falkland Islands from Argentine occupation in 1982." Details at Falklanders commemorate “Liberation Day” (MercoPress) . "The Falklands War is the result of years of disputed ownership of the Islands. Argentina says it inherited the Islas Malvinas from the Spanish crown in the early 19th century. The country also bases its claim on the Islands' proximity to the South American mainland. The UK argues that most of the British-descended islanders want to remain British exercising their right to self determination. In spite of Argentina's insistance on sovereignty negotiations, the UK position is that:' we will not negotiate on the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands unless and until the Islanders wish us to do so'”. Explore the Falkland Islands / Islas Malvinas which are a haven for wildlife viewing and conservation.
World Blood Donor Day I N T E R N AT I O N A L - J u n e 1 4
World Blood Donor Day is day dedicated to "thanking and celebrating voluntary non-remunerated blood donors". It occurs on June 14, the birthday of Karl Landsteiner, the creator of the ABO blood group system, for which he won the Nobel Prize. The first day was held in 2005. One of the main goals of the World Blood Donor Day is to ensure the availability of 'safe blood' for transfusion.
Day of National Salvation AZERBAIJAN - June 15
Azerbaijan is a country near the intersection of Asia and Europe. This country has its borders on the verge of Russia in the north, Armenia in the west, Iran to the South, and the Caspian Sea eastwards. The majority of the people are Shiite Muslims and ethnic Azeri. The country follows secularism as a policy, and its love for peace is demonstrated by the membership in various organizations such as GUAM, Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and the United Nations. It is also a part of the NATO Partnership for Peace program. One of the most important days in the calendar of this country is National Salvation Day celebrated every year on June 15.
International Day of the African Child- June 16 The International Day of the African Child has been celebrated on June 16 every year since 1991, when it was first initiated by the Organisation of African Unity. It honors those who participated in the Soweto Uprising in 1976 on that day. It also raises awareness of the continuing need for improvement of the education provided to African children. In Soweto, South Africa, on June 16, 1976, about ten thousand black school children marched in a column more than half a mile long, protesting the poor quality of their education and demanding their right to be taught in their own language. Hundreds of young students were shot. More than a hundred people were killed in the protests of the following two weeks, and more than a thousand were injured.
Blooms Day IRELAND - June 16 Bloomsday is a commemoration observed annually on June 16th in Dublin and elsewhere to celebrate the life of Irish writer James Joyce and relive the events in his novel Ulysses, all of which took place on the same day in Dublin in 1904. Joyce chose the date because his first outing with his wife-to-be, Nora Barnacle happened on that day, when they walked to the Dublin urban village of Ringsend. The name derives from Leopold Bloom, the protagonist of Ulysses.
Bloomsday activities
The day involves a range of cultural activities including Ulysses readings and dramatisations, pub crawls and general merriment, much of it hosted by the James Joyce Centre in North Great George's Street. Enthusiasts often dress in Edwardian costume to celebrate Bloomsday, and retrace Bloom's route around Dublin via landmarks such as Davy Byrne's pub. Hard-core devotees have even been known to hold marathon readings of the entire novel, some lasting up to 36 hours. The first celebration took place in 1954, and a major five-month-long festival (ReJoyce Dublin 2004) took place in Dublin between 1 April and 31 August 2004. On the Sunday in 2004 before the 100th "anniver- Bloomsday performers outside sary" of the fictional events described in the book, Davy Byrne's pub 10,000 people in Dublin were treated to a free, openair, full Irish breakfast on O'Connell Street consisting of sausages, rashers, toast, beans, and black and white puddings. On Bloomsday 1982, the centenary year of Joyce's birth, Irish state broadcaster, RTÉ, transmitted a continuous 30-hour dramatic performance of the entire text of Ulysses on radio. The Rosenbach Museum & Library in Philadelphia is the home of the handwritten manuscript of Ulysses and celebrates Bloomsday with a street festival including readings, Irish music, and traditional Irish cuisine provided by local Irish-themed pubs. The Syracuse James Joyce Club holds an annual Bloomsday celebration at Johnston's BallyBay Pub in Syracuse, New York, at which large portions of the book are either read aloud, or presented as dramatizations by costumed performers. The club awards scholarships and other prizes to students who have written essays on Joyce or fiction pertaining to his work. The city is home to Syracuse University, whose press has published or reprinted several volumes of Joyce studies. In 2004 Vintage Publishers issued yes I said yes I will Yes: A Celebration of James Joyce, Ulysses, and 100 Years of Bloomsday, edited by Nola Tully. It is one of the few monographs that details the increasing popularity of Bloomsday. The book's title comes from the novel's famous last lines. Bloomsday has also been celebrated since 1994 in the Hungarian town ofSzombathely, the fictional birthplace of Leopold Bloom's father, Virág Rudolf, an emigrant Hungarian Jew. The event is usually centered around the Iseum, the remnants of an Isis temple from Roman times, and the Blum-mansion, commemorated to Joyce since 1997, at 40–41 Fő street, which used to be the property of an actual Jewish family called Blum. Hungarian author László Najmányi in his 2007 novel, The Mystery of the Blum-mansion (A Blum-ház rejtélye) describes the results of his research on the connection between Joyce and the Blum family. There have been many Bloomsday events in Trieste, where the first part of Ulysseswas written; a Joyce Museum was opened there on 16 June 2004. Since 2005 Bloomsday has been celebrated every year in Genoa, with a reading of Ulysses in Italian by volunteers (students, actors, teachers, scholars), starting at 9 A.M. and finishing in the early hours of 17 June; the readings take place in 18 different places in the old town centre, one for each chapter of the novel, and these places are selected for their resemblance to the original settings. Thus for example chapter 1 is read in a medieval tower, chapter 2 in a classroom of the Faculty of Languages, chapter 3 in a bookshop on the waterfront, chapter 9 in the University Library, and chapter 12 ("Cyclops") in an old pub. The Genoa Bloomsday is organized by the Faculty of Languages and the International Genoa Poetry Festival. New York City has several events on Bloomsday including formal readings at Symphony Space and informal readings and music at the downtown Ulysses' Folk House pub.
First Bloomsday Celebration
Bloomsday (a term Joyce himself did not employ) was invented in 1954, on the 50th anniversary of the events in the novel, when John Ryan (artist, critic, publican and founder of Envoy magazine) and the novelist Flann O'Brien organised what was to be a daylong pilgrimage along the Ulysses route. They were joined by Patrick Kavanagh, Anthony Cronin, Tom Joyce (a dentist who, as Joyce's cousin, represented the family interest) and AJ Leventhal (Registrar of Trinity College). Ryan had engaged two horse drawn cabs, of the old-fashioned kind, which in Ulysses Mr. Bloom and his friends drive to poor Paddy Dignam's funeral. The party were assigned roles from the novel. They planned to travel round the city through the day, visiting in turn the scenes of the novel, ending at night in what had once been the brothel quarter of the city, the area which Joyce had called Nighttown. The pilgrimage was abandoned halfway through, when the weary Lestrygonians Street party in North Great succumbed to inebriation and rancour at the Bailey pub George's Street, 2004 in the city centre, which Ryan then owned, and at which, in 1967, he installed the door to No. 7 Eccles Street (Leopold Bloom’s front door) having rescued it from demolition . A Bloomsday record of 1954, informally filmed by John Ryan, follows this pilgrimage.
Popular culture references
In 1956, Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath were married by special licence of the Archbishop of Canterbury at St George the Martyr Church, Holborn, on 16 June, in honour of Bloomsday. Jefferson Airplane's 1967 album After Bathing at Baxter's contains the track, "Rejoyce", inspired by Joyce's Ulysses. In Mel Brooks' 1968 film The Producers, Gene Wilder's character is called Leo Bloom, an homage to Joyce's character. In the musical 2005 version, in the evening scene at the Bethesda Fountain in Central Park, Leo asks, "When will it be Bloom's day?". However, in the earlier scene in which Bloom first meets Max Bialystock, the office wall calendar shows that the current day is 16 June, indicating that it is, in fact, Bloomsday. Punk band Minutemen have a song on their 1984 Double Nickels on the Dime album entitled "June 16th". Richard Linklater references Ulysses in two of his films. Once in 1991's Slacker, where a character reads an excerpt from Ulysses after convincing his friends to dump a tent and a typewriter in a river as a response to a prior lover's infidelity. And again in 1995's Before Sunrise, where the events take place on 16 June. In 2009 an episode of the cartoon The Simpsons, "In the Name of the Grandfather", featured the family's trip to Dublin and Lisa's reference to Bloomsday. Pat Conroy's 2009 novel "South of Broad" has numer- Reading from Ulysses on top ous references to Bloomsday. From the publisher's of James Joyce Tower and Mublurb: "Against the sumptuous backdrop of Charleston, seum, June 2009 South Carolina, South of Broad gathers a unique cast of sinners and saints. Leopold Bloom King, our narrator, is the son of an amiable, loving father who teaches science at the local high school. His mother, an ex-nun, is the high school principal and a well-known Joyce scholar. ..." The book's first chapter describes the events of 16 June 1969 in Leo's story. U2's 2009 song "Breathe" refers to events taking place on a fictitious 16 June.
Lilac Bloomsday Run
In Spokane, Washington, United States, an annual 12-kilometre race called the Lilac Bloomsday Run is held on the first Sunday of May. The inaugural Bloomsday road race took place on 1 May 1977, and the race is now one of the largest road races on the West Coast of the US. The connection with the Joycean Bloomsday is that, according to the event's founder, Don Kardong, a road race is an odyssey (like the one referred to in Ulysses) and ordinary people are involved in heroic journeys every day of their lives.
Independence Day ICELAND - June 17
HISTORY
National Salvation Day is celebrated to commemorate both the end of a civil war that went on within the country and the return of democracy to the people. The military coup was conducted by Surat Huseynov’s military on June 4 in Ganja and demanded resignation of Parliament Speaker Isa Gambar and Prime Minister Panah Huseyn. This led Azerbaijan to anarchy. These rebels then seized power in Ganja and moved towards Baku. To stop this insurgence and to battle against these anarchists, Heydar Aliyev was invited to Baku. He accepted the invitation, and once he arrived, he was elected unanimously as speaker and head of state. He held talks with the revolting group of the army when he reached Baku. The talks went on smoothly, and he reported the turn of events and the demands of the rebellion in the parliament. The members of the rebellion agreed to the demands, and hence the threat of the civil war that hung upon the country was lifted. To mark this day of lifting the specter of war, every year on June 15, National Salvation Day is celebrated. It is on this day when Heydar Aliyev was elected as the chairman of the parliament and subsequently as the president. This holiday was made official by an act of parliament in 1997.
TRADITIONS, CUSTOMS AND ACTIVITIES
The defense wing and the veterans of the military take part in the ceremonial parade that takes place every year. The president presides over this parade accepting the salute from the various wings or parts of his defense force. Like any other important day, this is also a public holiday with the majority of commercial establishments closing. The president also addresses the nation on this day emphasizing the need for national unity and security. These celebrations are also extended to the television, which broadcasts live the speech of the president to the civilians. There are also celebrations in the form of a fireworks display at night.
Va l d e m a r s D a y DENMARK - June 15
Valdemar II (9 May 1170 or 28 June 1170 – 28 March 1241), called Valdemar the Victoriousor Valdemar the Conqueror (Valdemar Sejr), was the King of Denmark from 1202 until his death in 1241. The nickname Sejr is a later invention and was not used during the King's own lifetime. Sejr means victory in Danish.
Background
He was the second son of King Valdemar I and Sophia Valadarsdattir, a Varangian princess. When Valdemar's father died, young Valdemar was only twelve years old. He was named Duke of Southern Jutland (Latin: dux slesvicensis, literally Sleswickian duke), represented by the regent Bishop Valdemar Knudsen (1182–1193). Bishop Valdemar was an ambitious man and disguised his own ambitions as young Valdemar's. When in 1192 Bishop Valdemar was named Prince-Archbishop of Bremen, his plot to overthrow King Canute VI with the help of German nobility and sit on Denmark's throne himself was revealed. Duke Valdemar realized the threat Bishop Valdemar presented. He invited the archbishop to meet him in Åbenrå in 1192. Then the bishop fled to Swedish Norway to avoid arrest. The following year Bishop Valdemar organised - supported by the Hohenstaufens - a fleet of 35 ships and harried the coasts of Denmark, claiming the Danish throne for himself. In 1193 KingCanute VI of Denmark captured him. Bishop Valdemar stayed in captivity in Nordborg (1193–1198) and then in the tower at Søborg Castle on Zealand until 1206. Bishop Valdemar was released upon the initiative of the Danish Queen Dagmar and Pope Innocent III and after swearing, never to interfere again in Danish affairs. Young Valdemar faced another threat from Count Adolph of Rendsburg. Adolph tried to stir up other German counts to take southern Jutland from Denmark to assist Bishop Valdemar's plot to take the throne. With the bishop in prison, Duke Valdemar went after Count Adolph and with his own troop levies march Coin minted for king south and captured Adolph's new fortress at Rendsburg. He defeated and captured the count in the Battle Valdemar II, Lund Univerof Stellau in 1201 and sent him to sit in a cell next to Bishop Valdemar. Two years later Duke Valdemar sity History Museum let Count Adolph buy his way out of prison due to an illness by ceding all of Schleswig north of the Elbe to Valdemar. In November 1202, Duke Valdemar's elder brother, King Canute VI died unexpectedly at the age of 40, leaving no heirs.
Marriages
Icelandic National Day (Icelandic: Þjóðhátíðardagurinn, the day of the nation's celebration), 17 June, is a holiday in Iceland and celebrates the day in 1944 that The Republic of Iceland(Lýðveldið Ísland) was formed. The date of 17 June was chosen because it is the birthday of Jón Sigurðsson, a major figure of Icelandic culture and the leader of the 19th century Icelandic independence movement.
History
The formation of the republic was based on a clause in the 1918 Act of Union with Denmark, which allowed for a revision in 1943, as well as the results of the 1944 plebiscite. Although German occupation of Denmark meant that the revision could not take place, and thus some Icelandic politicians demanded that Icelanders should wait until after the war. The British and U.S governments, which occupied Iceland, at the time, also delayed the declaration by asking the Icelandic parliament to wait until after 1943. Although saddened by the results of the plebiscite, King Christian X sent a letter on 17 June 1944 congratulating Icelanders on forming a The national day procession in Republic. Abolishing the monarchy resulted in little change to the Reykjavík June 17, 2007 Icelandic constitution, "The President" was merely substituted for "The King". However the people of Iceland celebrated the end of the long battle for total independence and praised Jón Sigurðsson for his early independence movement and Sveinn Björnsson, who became the first president of Iceland.
Celebrations
Today, Icelanders celebrate this holiday on a national scale. The celebration traditionally takes the form of a parade through each urban area with a brass band at the fore. Riders on Icelandic horses often precede the brass band and flagbearers from the Icelandic scout movement traditionally follow the brass band. After the parade several speeches are held out in the open, including one from Fjallkonan (the woman of the mountain), clad in Skautbúningur, who recites a poem. She represents the fierce spirit of the Icelandic nation and of Icelandic nature; this is in many ways an inheritance from the period of romanticism that reigned when the first steps toward independence were taken. After speeches and other officialities are over, a less formal celebration takes place with musicians entertaining the crowd, candy being devoured by children in huge quantities, and gas-filled balloons escaping their owners and flying to the sky. It is also somewhat traditional to expect rain on this day, particularly in the Southwest of Iceland.
Evacuation Day EGYPT - June 18 Egypt is a land rich in heritage and history, more than any other country or civilization in the world. One historic event in Egypt’s recent history is the declaration of full independence from the British on June 18, 1956. This historic event is celebrated as Evacuation Day in Egypt, locally called Eid el-Galaa. This day has been celebrated for over fifty years with significant importance and pride.
History
Before his first marriage Valdemar had been betrothed to Rixa of Bavaria, daughter of the Duke of Saxony. When that arrangement fell through, he married first Margarethe of Bohemia, also known as Queen Dagmar, in 1205. She was the daughter of Premysl Ottokar, King of Bohemia, and quickly won over the hearts of the Danes. By this marriage, Valdemar had a son, Valdemar, whom he elevated as co-king at Schleswig in 1218. Unfortunately, Prince Valdemar was accidentally shot while hunting at Refsnæs in North Jutland during 1231. Queen Dagmar died in childbirth in 1212. Old folk ballads says that on her death bed she begged Valdemar to marry Kirsten, the daughter of Karl von Rise and not the "beautiful flower" Berengaria of Portugal (Bengerd). In other words she predicted Berengaria's sons' fight over the throne would bring trouble to Denmark. After Margaret's death, in order to build good relations with Flanders, Valdemar married Berengária of Portugal in 1214. She was the orphan daughter of King Sancho I of Portugal and a sister of Ferdinand, Count of Flanderswhere she stayed until her marriage. She was beautiful, but so hard-hearted that she was generally hated by Danes until her early death, in childbirth, in 1221. Valdemar's two queens play a prominent role in Danish balladsand myths - Dagmar as the soft, pious and popular ideal wife and Berengária as the beautiful and haughty woman. Dannebrog falling from
British rule in the country of Egypt lead to instability in the political social spheres of Egyptians in the 1940s. In 1952, British rule became totally unstable and a coup attempt was made by military members. King Farouk I was forced to renounce his position, forcing Ahmed Foud II to the throne. A republic was declared on June 18, 1953, with General Muhammad Naguib set to lead the country. However, the original architect of the independence movement, Gamal Abdel Nasser, took control of the republic with the resignation of Naguib. Finally, on June 18, 1956, Nasser finalized independence from Britain. The day has been grandly and enormously celebrated with joy throughout the nation ever since. Notably, the evacuation of the British was initiated because of the defeat of the army officers who were in charge in the numerous regions of Egypt. The British Authorities considered it wise to evacuate their troops knowing they were losing against the movement led by Nasser.
Valdemar enjoys a central position in Danish history because of his position as ”the king of Dannebrog” of Lyndanisse Christian and as a legislator. To posterity, the civil wars and dissolution that followed his death made him appear August Lorentzen (1809) to be the last king of a golden age. Since 1912, June 15 has officially been called Valdemarsdag (Valdemar's Day). The date now belongs to the group of 33 Danish annual Flag Days where Dannebrog is raised in celebration.
World Day to Combat Desertification & Drought- June 17
Yo u t h D a y SOUTH AFRICA - June 16 Youth Day on 16 June in South Africa commemorates the start of the Soweto riots of 1976, initially sparked by a
The World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought is a United Nations observance each June 17. Its purpose is to highlight ways to prevent desertification and recover from drought. Each annual celebration has a different theme. This day was proclaimed on January 30, 1995 by the United Nations General Assembly resolution A/RES/49/115.
In memoriam
the sky during the Battle
government edict that all instruction in black schools would be held in Afrikaans. The iconic picture of Hector Pieterson, a black schoolchild shot by the police, brought home to many people within and outside South Africa the brutalities of the Apartheid regime. The mascot for the 2010 FIFA World Cup,Zakumi, has his birthday on that day in 1994.
TRADITIONS, CUSTOMS AND ACTIVITIES
Evacuation day is celebrated every year and considered a national holiday. Most organizations and institutions don’t work on this day.
Annual themes
2009 - Conserving land and water = Securing our common future 2008 - Combating land degradation for sustainable agriculture 2007 - Desertificaton and Climate Change - One Global Challenge 2006 - The Beauty of Deserts – The Challenge of Desertification 2005 - Women and Desertification
Bunker Hill Day U.S. - June 17 The Battle of Bunker Hill took place on June 17, 1775, mostly on and around Breed's Hill, during the Siege of Boston early in the American Revolutionary War. The battle is named after the adjacent Bunker Hill, which was peripherally involved in the battle and was the original objective of both colonial and British troops, and is occasionally referred to as the "Battle of Breed's Hill." of William On June 13, 1775, the leaders of the Statue in Prescott colonial forces besieging Boston Charlestown, Maslearned that the British generals were sachusetts planning to send troops out from the city to occupy the unoccupied hills surrounding the city. In response to this intelligence, 1,200 colonial troops under the command of William Prescott stealthily occupied Bunker Hill and Breed's Hill, constructed an earthen redoubt on Breed's Hill, and built lightly fortified lines across most of the Charlestown Peninsula. When the British were alerted to the presence of the new position the next day, they mounted an attack against them. After two assaults on the colonial lines were repulsed with significant British casualties, the British finally captured the positions on the third assault, after the defenders in the redoubt ran out of ammunition. The colonial forces retreated to Cambridge over Bunker Hill, suffering their most significant losses on Bunker Hill. While the result was a victory for the British, they suffered heavy losses: over 800 wounded and 226 killed, including a notably large number of officers. The battle is seen as an example of a Pyrrhic victory, as while their immediate objective (the capture of Bunker Hill) was achieved, the loss of nearly a third of their forces did not significantly alter the state of siege. Meanwhile, colonial forces were able to retreat and regroup in good order having suffered few casualties. Furthermore, the battle demonstrated that relatively inexperienced colonial forces were willing and able to stand up to regular army troops in a pitched battle.
Geography
Boston, situated on a peninsula, was largely protected from close approach by the expanses of water surrounding it, which were dominated by British warships. In the aftermath of the battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775, the colonial militia, a force of about 15,000 men had The Battle of Bunker surrounded the town, and ef- Hill, by Howard Pyle, fectively besieged it. Under the 1897. command of Artemas Ward, they controlled the only land access to Boston itself (the Roxbury Neck), but, lacking a navy, were unable to control or even contest British domination of the waters of the harbor. The British troops, a force of about 6,000 under the command of General Thomas Gage, occupied the city, and were able to be resupplied and reinforced by sea. They were thus able to remain in Boston indefinitely. However, the land across the water from Boston contained a number of hills, which could be used to advantage. If the militia could obtain enough artillery pieces, these could be placed on the hills and used to bombard the city until the occupying army evacuated it or surrendered. It was with this in mind that cannon from Fort Ticonderoga were later transported to the Boston area. The Charlestown Peninsula, lying to the north of Boston, started from a short, narrow isthmus (known as the Charlestown Neck) at its northwest, extending about 1 mile (1.6 km) southeastward into Boston Harbor. Bunker Hill, with an elevation of 110 feet (34 m), lay at the northern end of the peninsula. Breed's Hill, at a height of 62 feet (19 m), was more southerly and nearer to Boston. The town of Charlestown occupied flats at the southern end of the peninsula. At its closest approach, less than 1,000 feet (305 m) separated the Charlestown Peninsula from the Boston Peninsula, where Copp's Hill was at about the same height as Breed's Hill. While the British retreat from Concord had ended in Charlestown, General Gage, rather than immediately fortifying the hills on the peninsula, had withdrawn those troops to Boston the day after that battle, turning the entire Charlestown Peninsula into a no man's land.
British planning
Throughout May, in response to orders from Gage requesting support, the British received reinforcements, until they reached a strength of about 6,000 men. On May 25, three Generals arrived on HMS Cerberus: William Howe, John Burgoyne, and Henry Clinton. Gage began planning with them to break out of the city, finalizing a plan on June 12. This plan began with the taking of the Dorchester Neck, fortifying the Dorchester Heights, and then marching on the colonial forces stationed in Roxbury. Once the southern flank had been secured, the Charlestown heights would be taken, and the forces in Cambridge driven away. The attack was set for June 18. On June 13, the Massachusetts Provincial Congress was notified, by express messenger from the Committee of Safety in Exeter, New Hampshire, that a New Hampshire gentleman "of undoubted veracity" had, while visiting Boston, overheard the British commanders making plans to capture Dorchester and Charlestown. On June 15, the Massachusetts Committee of Safety decided that additional defenses needed to be erected. General Ward directed General Israel Putnam to set up defenses on the Charlestown Peninsula, specifically on Bunker Hill.
Aftermath
The British had taken the ground but at a great loss; they suffered 1,054 casualties (226 dead and 828 wounded), with a disproportionate number of these officers. The casualty count was the highest suffered by the British in any single encounter during the entire war. General Clinton, echoing Pyrrhus of Epirus, remarked in his diary that "A few more such victories would have shortly put an end to British dominion in America." British dead and wounded included 100 commissioned officers, a significant portion of the British officer corps in North America. Much of General Howe's field staff was among the casual- The Bunker Hill Monties. Major Pitcairn had been ument killed, and Lieutenant Colonel James Abercrombie fatally wounded. General Gage, in his report after the battle, reported the following officer casualties (listing lieutenants and above by name): 1 lieutenant colonel killed 2 majors killed, 3 wounded 7 captains killed, 27 wounded 9 lieutenants killed, 32 wounded 15 sergeants killed, 42 wounded 1 drummer killed, 12 wounded The colonial losses were about 450, of whom 140 were killed. Most of the colonial losses came during the withdrawal. Major Andrew Mc Clary was technically the highest ranking colonial officer to die in the battle; he was hit by cannon fire on Charlestown neck, the last person to be killed in the battle. He was later commemorated by the dedication of Fort McClary in Kittery, Maine. A serious loss to the Patriot cause, however, was the death of Dr. Joseph Warren. He was the President of Massachusetts' Provincial Congress, and he had been appointed a Major General on June 14. His commission had not yet taken effect when he served as a volunteer private three days later at Bunker Hill. Only thirty men were captured by the British, most of them with grievous wounds; twenty died while held prisoner. The colonials also lost numerous shovels and other entrenching tools, as well as 5 out of the 6 cannon they had brought to the peninsula.
SPECIAL FOCUS
HUNGARIAN BULLETIN
Tajik president pays official visit to Hungary (Google News) On Friday June 10, Tajik President Emomali Rahmon arrived in Hungary for a two- day official visit. During his stay in Budapest, Emomali Rahmon held talks with Hungarian President Pal Schmitt in the Sandor Palace. The two sides a number of issues related to bilateral cooperation between their countries. According to Hungarian media outlets, Rahmon and Schmitt signed several cooperation agreements. The Hungarian president’s office says the sides signed agricultural, health and foreign affairs cooperation agreement as well as an Olympic committee co-
operation agreement. It was reportedly the first official visit of President Rahmon to H u n g a r y. Tajikistan and Hungary established diplomatic relations on July 2, 1992. Visit to Hungary is a part President Rahmon’s tour of Europe that started on June 6 and is ending on June 12. In the meantime, Tajik presidential press service reports that before leaving for Hungary President Rahmon vis-
ited the European Investment Bank (EIB) in Luxembourg and held talks with EIB President Philippe Maystadt. Tajik leader expressed gratitude to the EIB management for opening of its representative office in Tajikistan. Two agreements were reportedly signed between Tajikistan and the EIB under which EIB will provide a €14 million preferential loan and a €7 million grant for enhancement of energy sector in Tajikistan’s northern Sughd
Ilona S. ‘Sali’ Gyorik, organization leader (Google News) Ilona S. “Sali” Gyorik, 85, secretary general of the Hungarian Freedom Fighters Federation, a political lobbying group and relief organization in Washington, from 1960 until 2000, died May 7 at Evergreen Health and Rehabilitation Center, a nursing home in Winchester, Va. She had dementia. Ilona Maria Szabo was born in Turkeve, Hungary, and escaped to
Denmark in 1956 after Soviet troops crushed an anti-communist revolt. She immigrated to Washington in 1959 and had lived there until 2009. From 1981 to 2005, she was a committee member of the President’s Council on Aging. She helped established the Alba Regia Memorial Chapel Cemetery in Berkeley Springs, W.Va., which honors Hungarian freedom fighters.
Her marriage to Emil Salanky ended in divorce. Her husband of 25 years, Jozsef Gyorik, died in 1982. Two children from that marriage, Martha Galitzin and Thomas Gyorik, died in 2004 and 2010, respectively. Survivors include two stepchildren, Elizabeth G. Debelius of Rockville and Zoltan Gyorik of Zalaegerszeg, Hungary; and a granddaughter.
Prominent Azerbaijani poet's book published in Hungary (Google News) The book Hadikatus-Suada (Garden of the Happy) of the prominent Azerbaijani poet Mohammad Fuzuli was published in Hungary, the Azerbaijani embassy in Hungary told Trend. The book was published by the Hungarian Academy of Science Akaprint
Kiado upon the initiative and assistance of the Azerbaijani embassy. The book was translated into Hungarian as "The Garden of the Holy Islamic Martyrs." The original book was translated into Hungarian by a well renowned Turkologist, Professor Imre Adorian, who prefaced the book
province. Established in 1958, the European Investment Bank (EIB) is an international financial institution, a publicly owned bank. Its owners are the Member States of the European Union, who subscribe to the Bank's capital. As shareholders the Member States are represented on the Bank's main independent decisionmaking bodies - the Board of Governors and the Board of Directors. Since the year 2000 the Bank itself became a member of the EIB Group (including its venture capital arm - the European Investment Fund).
Hungary to Make McDonald’s Cut Calories and Salt, MTI Reports
(Google News) Hungary plans to oblige fastfood restaurants to cut the calorie and salt content of their food and drink offerings and may make them pay for public health programs, state-run news service MTI reported today. The government plans to target McDonald’s Corp. (MCD), the world’s largest restaurant chain and Burger King Holdings Inc., the second-largest hamburger restaurant chain, with regulations also focusing on sugar and fat content, MTI said, citing Janos Lazar, leader of the ruling Fidesz party’s parliamentary group. The government wants to ban discounts and presents to children on meals which don’t meet health standards, Lazar said, according to MTI. Hodmezovasarhely, a town where Lazar is mayor, will only allow the opening of a new McDonald’s restaurant if the company pays at least 8 million forint ($44,000) into a public health program informing children about the health risks of eating fast food, MTI added.
with an introduction and commentary. Corresponding Member of the Azerbaijani National Academy of SciHungary Acquires Stakes ences Teymur Kerimli also wrote about Fuzuli’s in Raba, PannErgy From universal level of creativity in a preface. The book Pension Funds will soon be presented at Goog e News Hunga y s gove nmen ac the Hungarian Academy qu ed s akes n Raba Ny a make o ve of Science. h c es and au o pa s and PannE gy PANNERGY Ny a company ha nves s n geo he ma p o ec s as pa o a akeove o asse s om p va e pens on unds The s a e ga ned an 11 7 pe cen s ake n Raba he company sa d n a s a emen such attacks, with empha- oday on he webs e o he Budapes S ock Exchange The gove nmen ook ove he sis on prevention. Participants also con- 5 5 pe cen s ake n PannE gy acco d ng o firmed their support for a sepa a e ng o he bou se a e yes e “intelligent defence” day under which members P me M n s e V k o O ban s gove nmen make efforts to create and gave he ho de s o manda o y p va e pen maintain military capabili- s on unds an u ma um as yea e he u n ties through cooperation he ho d ngs ove o he s a e o ose 70 pe in an economical way. On the subject of missile cen o u u e pens on c a ms Faced w h defence, Hende said that he poss b y o os ng he gove nmen po on o he soc a secu y con bu ons it was in Hungary’s interest that the NATO-Russia mos op ed no o b ock he ans e s cooperation should be re- Hunga y s gove nmen may acqu e 2 8 ciprocal and transparent, on o n $15 3 b on o asse s managed working to further by p va e pens on unds nc ud ng sha es strengthen the Euro-At- and gove nmen bonds pens on obby lantic region’s security. Hungary is interested in g oup S ab as Penz a szove seg sa d on building a system that June 2 based on p e m na y da a best serves the protection Raba ga ned 0 9 pe cen o 795 o n by of the country and its res- 10 36 a m n Budapes PannE gy ose 1 2 idents, he added. pe cen o 875 o n
Defense minister says no changes in Hungary’s Afghanistan mission (Google News) Hungary’s largest NATO mission in Afghanistan will continue with its peace-keeping responsibilities in the country’s northern Baghlan province, Defence Minister Csaba Hende told a press conference following a meeting of his NATO counterparts in Brussels on Thursday. Both the Afghan authorities and NATO think that “conditions are not met” for local forces to guarantee security in the area as yet, Hende said. That fact that NATO wants to gradually pass control over to local authorities does not mean that they would leave the country; the presence of international forces is just
being restructured, Hende said. Hungary fully supports local and international efforts to build security in Afghanistan, the minister added. Changes to the structure of command in NATO, aimed at higher efficiency, do not have a direct impact on Hungary, Hende said. The minister said that NATO’s 14 agencies would be reorganised into three large centres and their staff would be reduced from the current 13,000 to fewer than 9,000 members. The two-day meeting also focussed on cyber-attacks, and participants adopted a policy against
Ambassador reports good feedback on Hungary’s EU presidency achievements (Google News) Diplomats and ambassadors of European Union member states have expressed approval over the achievements of Hungary’s EU Presidency, which is coming to a close at the end of the month, Karoly Gruber, Ambassador of Hungary’s Permanent Representation to Brussels, told a forum on Thursday. The Hungarian presidency has been very
successful in foreign policy: it has managed to respond to difficult situations, such as the Japanese Fukushima nuclear disaster and the turmoils in Arab countries in the spring, he said. Gruber, who chairs the Political and Security Committee, told a meeting of diplomats at Hungary’s Institute of Foreign Affairs that in the post-Lisbon treaty environment, the Hun-
Latest Radio Listening Habits In Hungary (Google News) With the approaching summer season,
radio listening habits also reflected the changes in people’s daily routines in April. As the daily active periods extended both in the mornings and evenings, the time spent listening to the radio also changed during these
garian presidency acted as a kind of laboratory for seeking new institutional solutions. New practices had to be worked out, fore example for liasing between the EU’s new foreign service and other EU institutions, he said. Gruber added that Janos Martonyi, as foreign minister of the country holding the Presidency, had to stand in for Lady
Catherine Ashton on many occasions when her busy schedule kept her away, which had elevated Hungary’s role in diplomacy. He added that Hungary had worked effectively towards helping EU integration in the Western Balkans and had much advanced Croatia’s position on its road to EU membership. As regards the postponed summit on the EU Eastern Partnership
periods. The daily listening curve developed in accordance with the trends seen in previous months. The change was that there were more and more people tuning in to the programmes of one of the radio stations during the early hours compared to the previous months, since 37.2% of the population aged 15+ listened to the morn-
programme, Gruber said this issue had somewhat “slipped into the background” due to the shift of focus to the south, to problems in Arab countries. He added that the summit would be organised by the Polish Presidency in the autumn and Hungary would take part, too.
ing programmes of one of the radio stations between 6 and 8 a.m. Following the usual afternoon trends, people listened to the radio more in the evening hours in April than in the previous months. Even between 8 and 10 p.m. 9% of the total population listened to the programmes of one of the national or regional radio stations."
PICTURE NEWS
Notable participants
A significant number of notable people fought in this battle. Henry Dearborn and William Eustis, for example, went on to distinguished military and political careers; both served in Congress, the Cabinet, and in diplomatic posts. Others, like John Brooks, Henry Burbeck, Christian Febiger,Thomas Knowlton, and John Stark, became well-known for later actions in the war. Stark became known as the "Hero of Bennington" for his role in the 1777 Battle of Bennington. Free African-Americans also fought in the battle, notable examples include Barzillai Lew, Salem Poor, and Peter Salem (the leadership would not allow slaves to fight, as this was anathema to the very idea of the freedom for which they were fighting). Another notable participant was Daniel Shays, who later became famous for his army of protest in Shays' Rebellion. Israel Potter was immortalized in Israel Potter: His Fifty Years of Exile, a novel by Herman Melville.
Outcome of the 24th BSEC Foreign Ministers Council Meeting The 24th regular meeting of the Council of Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization (BSEC) took place in Bucharest on June 8. It was attended by the heads of the foreign affairs agencies of Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Hellenic Republic, Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Turkey and Ukraine and by observers and guests. First Deputy Foreign Minister Andrey Denisov
headed the Russian delegation at the meeting. An exchange of views took place on further increasing the effectiveness and strengthening the role of the BSEC as the leading international forum for developing mutually beneficial cooperation, good neighborly relations and bolstering trust and stability in the Black Sea region. Participants in their speeches reiterated the desire of the BSEC member countries to streamline the mechanisms for multi-sector
Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov Meets with Estonian Foreign Minister Urmas Paet
Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Sergey Lavrov met with Estonia’s Minister of Foreign Affairs Urmas Paet in Oslo on
regional economic cooperation in various fields, to intensify the realization of transport and energy projects and to preserve the non-politicized nature of the activities of the Organization. The Foreign Ministers Council stated that the Organization is interested in developing collaboration with international partners, including the European Union, on the basis of mutual benefit and equality. It gave a generally positive assessment of the Romanian BSEC Chair-
June 7, in the margins of the 16th ministerial session of the Council of the Baltic Sea States. During their conversation they discussed topical issues in Russian-Estonian relations. The Russian side underlined the importance of solving the problematic items on the bilateral agenda for the normal development of cooperation.
Russia-EU summit to be held behind closed doors The Russia-EU summit that will begin Friday in Russia's central Nizhny Novgorod Region will be held behind closed doors. "By a decision of the highest leadership, the meeting will take place entirely behind closed doors," the summit's press center announced. It is expected that Russia and the European Union will be able to resolve all remaining issues concerning Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization. The sides will also discuss expansion in the cooperation in energy, possibly scrapping visas between Russia and the EU, as well as reforms and security issues for international financial in-
manship (January-June 2011), during which varying format events were held – including the meetings of heads of the internal affairs, trade and economic development and environmental protection agencies. The BSEC Chairmanship for the period July 1 to December 31, 2011 passes to Russia. The next meeting of the Council of Ministers for Foreign Affairs is slated for December 2011.
Russia to partially lift vegetable import ban with EU assurances
Russ a w a ow mpo s o some ypes o vege a b es om some Eu opean Un on coun es a e ece ves gua an ees om B us se s ha hey a e sa e Russ a s ch e san a y o c a sa d on F day "We w be g ven gua an ees on ce a n ypes o p oduce om ce a n coun es and we w a ow sh p men s a e ha " Gennady On shchenko sa d a a EU Russ a summ n N zhny Novgo od Moscow mposed a b anke ban on a mpo s o esh vege ab es om he EU as week a e an ou b eak o E co po son ng ha has k ed 26 peop e
Russia sidestepped in Azerbaijani-Turkmen pipeline talks
stitutions. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, EU President Jose Manuel Barroso and EU Council President Herman Van Rompuy will give a press conference afterwards on results of the summit.
Aze ba an says Russ a w no ake pa n a ks o bu d a p pe ne ha w ca y Tu kmen gas o Eu ope Aze ba an s a e gas monopo y Gnka sa d he T ans Casp an p pe ne wh ch w un om Tu kmen s an unde he Casp an Sea o Eu ope v a Aze ba an w "no cause any con on a on" w h Russ a "Russ a w no c ea e obs ac es o h s p o ec h nk " Gnka Depu y V ce Cha man V a y Be ya bekov sa d n com men s ca ed by news channe ANS on F day "A he same me Russ a w no pa c pa e n a ks on he T ans Casp an p pe ne " Russ an Ambassado o Aze ba an V ad m Do okh n sa d ecen y ha he p o ec shou d be ag eed by Russ a an and Kazakhs an wh ch a so have a Casp an coas ne Be ya bekov sa d he con s uc on s due o beg n w h n wo yea s
U.S. Sec. of State Clinton extends congratulations on Russia Day t w o Secretary of State of the United counStates Hillary Clinton has ext r i e s tended her congratulations to the over the people of Russia celebrating past 12 Russia Day on June 12. "On bemonths, half of President Obama and the includAmerican people, I am delighted ing a to congratulate all Russians as n e w you celebrate the Day of Russia stratethis June 12. This is an occasion gic nuto honor your rich history and culclear ture, and an opportunity to mark arms rethe progress we have made toduction gether toward a new relationship t r e a t y, based on mutual respect and mua n tual interest," she said in a stateagreement. The national Russian ment holiday, Russia Day, has been on the celebrated since 1992. It was introduced to mark the official dec- on June 12, 1990. The U.S. sec- use of the peaceful nuclear enlaration of sovereignty of the retary of state outlined the ergy and trade cooperation. Russian Soviet Federal Republic progress in relations between the "We made significant progress
Russia, EU to reach final agreement on WTO - Barroso
together toward increased twoway trade and investment and toward Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization. Entrepreneurs, educators, artists, athletes, scientists and bloggers have helped strengthen the bonds between our societies and our countries," Clinton said. Although, she said, "Americans and Russians will not agree on every issue," both nations are facing the same challenges in the 21st century. "As you celebrate the Day of Russia, I send all Russians my warmest wishes for a peaceful, productive and prosperous year to come," she concluded.
Medvedev to visit Uzbekistan June 13-14
Russ an P es den Dm y Medvedev w go o Uzbek s an on a wo k ng v s on June 13 he K em n p ess se v ce sa d on F day BRUSSELS June 8 R A Novos s on wh ch s s poss b e h s yea " 14 w v s he epub c a he nv a on o h s Russ a and he Eu opean Un on w Ba oso sa d Russ a has been n He be ab e o eso ve a ema n ng s membe sh p a ks w h he 153 na Uzbek coun e pa s am Ka mov sues conce n ng Russ a s access on on WTO o 17 yea s and ema ns RUSSIAN ENVOY ARRIVES IN o he Wo d T ade O gan za on a he on y ma o economy s ou s de he o hcom ng EU Russ a summ he o gan za on The Eu opean BENGHAZI n N zhny Novgo od a e h s week Un on gave s o ma back ng o he FOR TALKS WITH LIBYAN EU P es den Jose Manue Ba oso coun y s en y b d n Decembe as REBELS sa d on Wednesday " m con den yea a e Russ a ag eed o m m ha ou a ks w he p Russ a o wa k be expo du es and a e gh a M k h a he na m e owa ds WTO acces s Marge ov
Kazakh president seeks 'positive image' for Islam K a z a k h each ng " P es den he o d he Nu su an seven h Naza bayev Wo d s ca ed on am c Eco Wednesday n o m c o s am c Fo um coun es o " sn he gh he s am c s e eo ype wo d he ha he s ma n a ge am c wo d o g oba ha bo s e e o sm? o s m s n he Speak ng a Mus m an s am c con e ence n he Kazakh coun es whe e housands o nno cap a As ana he 70 yea o d cen peop e d e eve y yea s a p es den ca ed o Mus m eade s hen o equa e s am w h e o sm?" o c a a "pos ve mage o s am as he added H s speech comes am d a e g on o peace and o e ance " ea s o evenge a acks n he Wes " s me o h nk abou se ng up a o ow ng he k ng o a Qaeda w de ang ng med a p o ec n s eade Osama b n Laden by U S am c coun es o gh g oba and e o ces as mon h g ona e o s o d sc ed he g ea
Russ a s s p e c a envoy o A r ca arr ved n rebe -he d Benghaz on Tuesday o d scuss a roadmap or he u ure w h L bya s oppos on Trans ona Na ona Counc (TNC) "We are now on our way o he mee ng wh ch w as or abou wo hours " a member o Marge ov s de ega on o d R A Novos by phone Marge ov cha rman o he Fore gn A a rs Comm ee n he Russ an Par amen s Upper Chamber w ho d a ks w h TNC head Mus a a Abdu Ja m ary a a rs ch e Omar a -Har r and ore gn po cy ch e Mahmoud J br Russ an Pres den Dm ry Medvedev announced Marge ov s v s dur ng he G8 summ n Deauv e n France as mon h Las week NATO ex ended s m ss on n L bya by 90 days The coa on n ervened n he Nor h A r can coun ry n March under a UN manda e o pro ec c v ans aga ns orces oya o Co Muammar Gadda
Libyan rebels ask Russia to open mission in Benghazi
Commemorations
John Trumbull's painting, The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill while an idealized and inaccurate depiction of Warren's death, shows a number of participants in the battle. John Small, a British officer who was among those storming the redoubt, was a friend of Israel Putnam's and an acquaintance of Trumbull. He is depicted holding Warren and preventing a redcoat from bayoneting him. The Bunker Hill Monument is an obelisk that stands 221 feet (67 m) high on Breed's Hill. On June 17, 1825, the fiftieth anniversary of the battle, the cornerstone of the monument was laid by the Marquis de Lafayette and an address delivered by Daniel Webster. (When Lafayette died, he was buried next to his wife at the Cimetière de Picpus under soil from Bunker Hill, which his son Georges sprinkled upon him.) The Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge was specifically designed to evoke this monument. There is also a statue of William Prescott showing him calming his men down. The National Park Service operates a museum dedicated to the battle near the monument, which is part of the Boston National Historical Park. A cyclorama of the battle was added in 2007 when the museum was renovated. Bunker Hill Day, observed every June 17, is a legal holiday in Suffolk County, Massachusetts(which includes the city of Boston), as well as Somerville in Middlesex County. Prospect Hill, site of colonial fortifications overlooking the Charlestown neck, is now located in Somerville, which was previously part of Charlestown. State institutions in Massachusetts (such as public institutions of higher) located in Boston also celebrate the holiday. However, the state's FY2011 budget requires all state and municipal offices in Suffolk County be open on Bunker Hill Day and Evacuation Day. On June 16 and 17, 1875, the centennial of the battle was celebrated with a military parade and a reception featuring notable speakers, among them General William Tecumseh Sherman and Vice President Henry Wilson. It was attended by dignitaries from across the country. Celebratory events also marked the sesquicentennial (150th anniversary) in 1925 and the bicentennial in 1975.
RUSSIAN BULLETIN
Thai Buddhist monks inspect the new Sai Sena Solar Park, a green-energy facility at Ayutthaya, about 60 km from Bangkok. Thailand aims to obtain 20% of its energy production from renewable sources by 2020. This farm will account for a reduction of nearly 2,000 tons of greenhouse- (Online) Demonstrators, seen from a Druze village, flee Israeli-army tear gas as they cut through barbed wire on the Isgas emissions annually
rael-Syria border, aiming for the occupied Golan Heights. Inspired by the Arab Spring, Palestinians have massed in mostly peaceful protests. This time, Israeli troops opened fire, killing 14 demonstrators
L byan ebe s have nv ed Russ a o open an n o ma on m ss on n Benghaz Russ a s spec a envoy o A ca M kha Ma ge ov sa d on Wednesday Ma ge ov cha man o he o e gn a a s comm ee n he Russ an pa amen s uppe house he d a ks w h L bya s oppos on T ans ona Na ona Counc TNC n ebe he d Benghaz on Tuesday " epo ed o Moscow o he p es den Dm y Medvedev abou he p oposa wh ch was made by he T ans ona Na ona Counc o open an n o ma on m ss on o a m s s on on con ac s and e a on sh ps " Ma ge ov sa d
"Dec s ons o h s k nd n ou coun y a e made by he p es den so we wa o a dec s on " Russ an P es den Dm y Medvedev announced Ma ge ov s v s du ng he G8 summ n Deauv e n F ance as mon h The L byan oppo s on hanked Russ a o no mpos ng a ve o on he UN Secu y Counc eso u on on L bya The UN Secu y Coun c adop ed a eso u on m pos ng a no y zone ove L bya on Ma ch 17 pav ng he way o a m a y ope a on aga ns emba ed L byan eade Muamma Gadda wh ch began wo days a e
The com mand o he ope a on was sh ed om a U S ed n e na o n a coa on o NATO n a e Ma ch Las week NATO ex ended s m ss on n L bya by 90 days The Gadda Rebe s con o much coa on n e vened n he o L bya s eas bu Gadda s No h A can coun y n Ma ch o ces e a n con o o mos unde a UN manda e o p o o he wes o he coun y ec c v ans aga ns o ces oya o Co Muamma
MEDVEDEV APPROVES RUSSIAN-U.S. PLUTONIUM DISPOSAL DEAL
Persia, a 7-year-old Afghan, rests as she is flown on a U.S. Army medevac helicopter to a military hospital outside Sangin in southern Afghanistan. The girl received head injuries after June 5, 2011. Pope Benedict XVI leads a solemn Mass in Zagreb, falling off a truck; her father took her to the nearest NATO seCroatia. The Pontiff spent two days visiting the country curity outpost for medical help
Russ an P es den Dm n y Medvedev has app oved amendmen s o an ag e men w h he Un ed S a es o d s pose o excess weapon g ade p u on um he Ross skaya Gaze a gove nmen da y sa d on Tuesday Russ an Fo e gn M n s e Se ge Lav ov and U S Sec e a y o S a e H a y C n on s gned n Ap 2010 a p o oco o amend he U S Russ an 2000 ag eemen on e m na ng excess weapon g ade p u on um om de ense p og ams Unde he ag ee men Russ a and he Un ed S a es w each d spose o 34 me c ons o excess p u o n um wh ch s enough o c e a e seve a housand nuc ea weapons
The p og am s o be aunched be o e 2018 Russ a n ends o spend up o $3 5 b on on s p og am and he Un ed S a es some $400 m on The ag eemen s a con nua on o Medvedev and U S P es den Ba ack Obama s nuc ea d sa mamen e o s aunched n Ap 2010 when hey s gned he New START ea y ep ac ng he ex p ed START 1 ag ee men The documen s ashes he Russ an and U S nuc ea a sena s o a max mum o 1 550 nu c ea wa heads down om he cu en ce ng o 2 200