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A Novel Concept for Treating Large Soft Tissue Defects After Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection of the Back

Conclusion

To conclude, intact fish skin should be considered a safe and efficient treatment modality to achieve a viable wound bed, as well as wound contraction and ultimately autograft, in patients with soft tissue defects caused by necrotizing fasciitis.

As demonstrated in published clinical trials, full-thickness acute wounds show faster healing time when treated with FSGs compared to those treated with porcine tissue.4-6

Research studies involving animals have demonstrated an inhibitive effect on bacterial growth due to the Omega-3 fatty acids in the FSG; also shown was improvement of angiogenesis, epithelial cell migration, as well as accelerated blood perfusion in the wound bed.7-8

By the incorporation of aggressive wound debridement and/ or preparation and application of NPWT, when combined with standard practice in wound management aiming for reduction of bioburden and infection, and appropriate offloading, healing time in these wounds can be increased significantly compared to conventional wound care.9

References

1. Wallace HA, Perera TB. Necrotizing Fasciitis. 2023 Feb 21. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan–. PMID: 28613507.

2. Pasternack MS, Swartz MN. Cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and subcutaneous tissue infections. In Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia (PA): Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2015:1:1195–216.

3. Hodgins N, Damkat-Thomas L, Shamsian N, Yew P, Lewis H, Khan K. Analysis of the increasing prevalence of Necrotizing fasciitis referrals to a regional plastic surgery unit: a retrospective case series. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2015 Mar;68(3):304-11. doi: 10.1016/j. bjps.2014.11.003. Epub 2014 Nov 20. PMID: 25444278.

4. Lullove EJ, Liden B, Winters C, McEneaney P, Raphael A, Lantis Ii JC. A Multicenter, Blinded, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Evaluating the Effect of Omega-3-Rich Fish Skin in the Treatment of Chronic, Nonresponsive Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Wounds. 2021 Jul;33(7):169-177. doi: 10.25270/wnds/2021.169177. Epub 2021 Apr 14. PMID: 33872197.

5. Magnusson S, Baldursson BT, Kjartansson H, Rolfsson O, Sigurjonsson GF. Regenerative and Antibacterial Properties of Acellular Fish Skin Grafts and Human Amnion/Chorion Membrane: Implications for Tissue Preservation in Combat Casualty Care. Mil Med. 2017 Mar;182(S1):383-388. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-16-00142. PMID: 28291503.

6. Kirsner RS, Margolis DJ, Baldursson BT, Petursdottir K, Davidsson OB, Weir D, Lantis JC 2nd. Fish skin grafts compared to human amnion/chorion membrane allografts: A doubleblind, prospective, randomized clinical trial of acute wound healing. Wound Repair Regen. 2020 Jan;28(1):75-80. doi: 10.1111/wrr.12761. Epub 2019 Oct 25. PMID: 31509319;

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7. Kotronoulas A, Jónasdóttir HS, Sigurðardóttir RS, Halldórsson S, Haraldsson GG, Rolfsson

Ó. Wound healing grafts: Omega-3 fatty acid lipid content differentiates the lipid profiles of acellular Atlantic cod skin from traditional dermal substitutes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2020 Mar;14(3):441-451. doi: 10.1002/term.3005. Epub 2019 Dec 30. PMID: 31826323.

8. Stone R 2nd, Saathoff EC, Larson DA, Wall JT, Wienandt NA, Magnusson S, Kjartansson H, Natesan S, Christy RJ. Accelerated Wound Closure of Deep Partial Thickness Burns with Acellular Fish Skin Graft. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 4;22(4):1590. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041590.

PMID: 33557424; PMCID: PMC7915828.

9. Wound healing grafts: Omega-3 fatty acid lipid content differentiates the lipid profiles of acellular Atlantic cod skin from traditional dermal substitutes. Kotronoulas A, Jonasdotir H, Siguroardottir, Halldorsson S, Haraldsson G, ROlfsson O. J Tissue Eng and Regen Medicine. 2019 Dec 11.

10. Patel et al (2019). Fish skin acellular dermal matrix: potential in the treatment of chronic wounds. Chronic Wound Care Management and Research.

11. Mortality in patients with necrotizing fasciitis. GolgerA, Goldsmith CH, Pennie RA, Bain JR. Plastic Recontr Surg. 2007; 119: 1803-1807. (PubMed)

12. Cheng NC, Tai HC, Chang SC, Lai HS. Necrotizing fasciitis in patient with diabetes mellitus; clinical characteristics and risk factors for morthality. BMC Infec Dis. 2015 Oct 13; 15: 417. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-1144-0 PMID: 2643900.

13. Hua C, Sbidian E, Hemery F, et al. Prognostic factor in necrotizing soft-tissue infections (NSTI): A cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015; 73(6): 1006-12.e8. doi:10.1016/j. jaaad.2015.08.054

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