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to determine the spatial propagation of acoustical waves or for the identification of acoustic sources. It is based on spatial Fourier transforms to estimate the near-field sound intensity around a source by using an array of particle velocity or pressuresensing transducers.

Advanced acoustic cameras are available that combine digital microphones with AI. The use of AIbased measurement software enables developers to o er acoustic cameras with higher performance capabilities at a lower cost.

2D acoustic measurements

Two-dimensional (2D) acoustic mapping can be implemented using a variety of microphone array structures including rings, stars, octagons, Fibonacci structures, and rectangles, sometimes called paddles. The di erent structures provide varying performance options for near-field, far-field, and other mapping characteristics. These arrays all have unidirectional microphones all facing the same direction. 2D acoustic mapping is suited for measuring planar surfaces with the acoustic camera array perpendicular to the surface. Many surfaces are not completely flat, making it di cult to produce precise measurements with a 2D array. When 2D mapping is used to approximate three-dimensional (3D) surfaces into a plane, it can introduce measurement errors in the calculations of sound intensity. The approximations typically don’t account for the distance di erences