Social Studies

SOCIAL STUDIES

VOCABULARY SOCIAL STUDIES

GEOGRAPHY

UNIT 1 : CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THAILAND AND NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

1 isthmus (n.) คอคอด

2 delta (n.) ดินดอน สามเหลี่ยม ปากแม่น�้า The narrowest point of the Malay peninsula is the Isthmus of Kra.

A delta which results from the accumulation of sediment supplied by the river.

3 alluvial (adj.) ตะกอนน�้าพา Alluvial soils are soils deposited by surface water and the result of an addition sediment owing to the heavy flow of the river and from the mouths of major rivers

4 abundance (n.) ความอุดมสมบูรณ์

5 utilization (n.) การใช้ประโยชน์ This region had an abundance of natural plants because it is in the tropical zone.

The utilization of fuel resources in the region is hampered by some problems concerning the lack of experts of energy.

6 extinct (adj.) สูญพันธุ์ Land animals have dramatically decreased, and some species have become extinct because of deforestation.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

7 domestic (adj.) ภายในประเทศ Domestic animals were raised mainly for working and producing food purposes.

8 tropical (adj.) ร้อนชื้น

9 volcanic (adj.) เกี่ยวกับภูเขาไฟ Tropical rainforest grows in an area with hot humid climate, long rainy days and a high temperature all through the year.

Volcanic soils are mostly found in Indonesia and the Philippines.

10 peninsula (n.) คาบสมุทร The Malay Peninsula of southern Thailand includes major mountain ranges and some archipelagos.

UNIT 2 : PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF THAILAND

AND NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

1 diverse (adj.) หลากหลาย People in this region are diverse in nationality, religion and language.

2 trade route (n.) เส้นทางการค้า South-east Asia have been the trade routes since ancient times.

3 influence (v.) มีอิทธิพลต่อ

4 dialect (n.) ภาษาพื้นเมือง

5 distinct (adj.) แตกต่างชัดเจน The languages are usually influenced by religions

Tagalog is a local dialect in the Philippines.

The national costumes of South-east Asian people has similarities but with distinct features.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

6 traditionally (adv.) ประเพณีดั้งเดิม Burmese clothing is traditionally called Longyi.

7 adapt (v.) ท�าให้เข้ากับ, ปรับ The Vietnamese national costume was adapted from the Chinese costume.

8 government (n.) รัฐบาล

9 monarchy (n.)

10 democracy (n.) การปกครองโดยมี พระมหากษัตริย์ เป็นประมุข

การปกครองแบบ ประชาธิปไตย The type of government in Vietnam is single-party socialist republic; the President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of the government.

The type of government in Brunei is absolute monarchy; the Sultan of Brunei is both the head of state and head of the government.

The type of government in Indonesia is democracy; the President is the head of state and of government.

UNIT 3 : GEOGRAPHICAL TOOLS

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

1 instrument (n.) เครื่องมือ Geographical tools are instruments used to collect, organize, or display geographical information.

2 appear (v.) ปรากฏ A map is a man - made tool used for showing what appears on the surface of the earth.

3 aerial (adj.) เกี่ยวกับอากาศ

4 satellite (n.) ดาวเทียม A map is just like an aerial photograph but drawn as a diagram.

Aerial photographs and satellite pictures are produced for making a map.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

5 landform (n.) ลักษณะผิวดิน

6 boundary (n.) เขตแดน

7 indicate (v.) ระบุ Physical maps indicate the location of landforms like deserts, mountains and plains.

Political maps are designed to show governmental boundaries of countries

Symbols on a map indicate the information of things naturally occurring and man - made information.

8 distance (n.) ระยะทาง

9 coordinate system (n.) ระบบพิกัด

10 replica (n.) รูปจ�าลอง The numerical scale of a map indicates the relationship of distance measured on a map and the distance on the ground.

The geographical coordinate system uses the latitude and longitude.

A globe is a geographical tool which is a replica of the whole world.

UNIT 4 : THE RELATIONSHIP OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SYSTEMS

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

1 environment (n.) สิ่งแวดล้อม Some examples of natural environment are forests, mountains, soils, water, climate and every kind of resource that originated from nature.

2 exhaustible (adj.) ที่ใช้หมดได้ Exhaustible resources can be used up and not replenished.

3 substance (n.) สสาร A metal is a type of solid mineral substance that is usually hard and shiny and conducts heat.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

4 ecology (n.) ระบบนิเวศ

5 carcass (n.) ซากสัตว์ Mangrove forest has a huge part in the ecology system. It protects shorelines from damaging storm and hurricane winds, waves, and floods

Energy or fuel was derived from the ancient carcass and humus.

6 lack (v.) ขาดแคลน

7 plenty (n.) จ�านวนมากมาย

8 revenue (n.) รายได้ Laos has a great deal of minerals but lacks high technology to make use of it.

A plenty of natural resources and a variety of plants are available in the region.

East Timor and Australia signed a deal, to share the revenue from oil and natural gas deposits under the Timor Sea.

9 agriculture (n.) เกษตรกรรม

10 irrigation (n.) การชลประทาน The principal occupations of Thai people are agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishery.

The production system relies on nature, irrigation, fertilization and investment

UNIT 5 : ENVIRONMENT

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

1 breakthrough (n.) การพัฒนาหรือ การค้นพบที่ยิ่ง ใหญ่ Technological breakthrough upgrades the standard quality of living and value of humanity.

2 cultural (adj.) ทางวัฒนธรรม Cultural art help to create peace, comfort, and safety for our society.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

3 influence (v.) ก่อให้เกิด The cultural environment is essential not only for human life, but it also influences the human mind and aesthetics in both art and the nature.

4 prosperity (n.) ความเจริญรุ่งเรือง Culture help maintains peace in the society, prevents people from selfishness and creates a social identity and prosperity.

5 advance (n.) ความรุดหน้า

6 stimulate (v.) กระตุ้น

7 prevent (v.) ขัดขวาง

8 heritage (n.) มรดก

9 reputation (n.) ชื่อเสียง

10 civilization (n.) อารยธรรม, ความเจริญ Technological breakthrough provides industrial advances but display threat to the cultural heritage of the country.

Accelerate and stimulate the government and its people to pay attention and conserve the artistic environment correctly and appropriately.

There were organization who aims to prevent the economic and social development to preserve the nation’s heritage.

The government was expected to develop methods of conserving the cultural heritage.

Enhancing the good reputation of the cultural resources which are the cultural heritage of the country.

Early civilization begun and cause the people to be proud of their unique culture and tradition.

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 1 HISTORY

UNIT 1 : CIVILIZATION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

1 vast (adj.) ใหญ่โต It contains a vast mixture of races, cultures, and religions.

2 densely (adv.) อย่างหนาแน่น The mountains are densely forested and often infested with malariabearing mosquitoes

3 develop (v.) พัฒนาขึ้น Between 500 and 1500, several organized states developed throughout Southeast Asia

4 adapt (v.) ปรับ, ท�าให้เหมาะ At the same time, they adapted these models to their own needs and created their own unique states.

5 centralized (adj.) ที่รวมศูนย์

6 convert (v.) เปลี่ยนแปลง Vietnamese rulers realized the advantages of taking over the Chinese model of centralized government.

They were converted to Buddhism and borrowed Indian political practices as well.

7 emerge (v.) ปรากฎขึ้น

8 conquest (n.) ชัยชนะ

9 aristocrat (n.) คนชั้นสูง By the fifteenth century, a new state was beginning to emerge in the mainland Southeast Asia.

After the Muslim conquest of northern India, Muslim merchant either Arabs or Indian converts had settled in port cities

Most aristocrats lived in the major cities of the region.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

10 counterpart (n.) อีกฝ่าย Most of the societies in Southeast Asia gave greater rights to women than did their counterparts in China and India

11 mass (n.) มวลชน, คนทั่วไป Eventually, Theravada Buddhism became the religion of the masses in much of Southeast Asia.

12 enormous (adj.) ที่ใหญ่มหึมา

13 blend (v.) ผสมผสาน The construction of Angkor Wat, which took 40 years to complete, required an enormous quantity of stone

In all Southeast Asian societies, as in China and Japan, old beliefs were blended with those of the new faiths

14 tolerate (v.) เปิดกว้างต่อ Moreover, Theravada Buddhism tolerated local gods and posed no threat to established new faith.

UNIT 2 : SOUTHEAST ASIA IN THE ERA OF THE SPICE TRADE

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

1 stable (adj.) มั่นคง In 1500, mainland Southeast Asia was a relatively stable region.

2 gradually (adv.) ค่อยๆ The Vietnamese gradually took control of the Mekong delta which was seized by the Khmer.

3 penetrate (v.) ขยายอิทธิพล The area was gradually penetrated by Muslim merchants who were attracted to the growing spice trade.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

4 successor (n.) ผู้สืบต�าแหน่ง By 1800, the Khmer monarchy (the successor of the old Angkor kingdom) had virtually disappeared.

5 strategic (adj.) เกี่ยวกับยุทธวิธี หรือกลยุทธ์

6 seize (v.) ยึดครอง

7 attract (v.) ดึงดูด Melaka owed its new power to its strategic location as well as to the rapid growth of the spice trade itself.

In 1511, the Portuguese seized Melaka and soon occupied the Moluccas.

Known to Europeans as the Spice Islands, the Moluccas were the chief source of the spices that had originally attracted the Portuguese to the Indian Ocean.

8 consolidate (v.) รวมเป็นหนึ่ง

9 merchant (n.) พ่อค้า

10 threat (n.) การคุกคาม

11 realm (n.) ขอบเขต The Dutch also began to consolidate their political and military control over the entire area of the Indonesian archipelago.

The Europeans merchants set up trading posts in the Malay peninsula and its neighboring islands.

French missionaries tried to stay, but their efforts were blocked by the authorities, who viewed converts to Catholicism as a threat to the prestige of the Vietnamese emperor.

Buddhism has six realms into which a soul can be reborn.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

12 sacred (adj.) ศักดิ์สิทธิ์ Like Buddhist rulers, Javanese kings were believed to have a sacred quality, and maintained the balance between the sacred and the material world

13 bureaucracy (n.) การปกครองระบบ เจ้าขุนมูลนาย Bureaucracy is a body of nonelected government officials.

UNIT 3 : COLONIAL RULE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

1 phase (n.) ขั้นตอน, ช่วง In the nineteenth century, a new phase of Western expansion into Asia and Africa began.

2 imperialism (n.) ลัทธิจักรวรรดินิยม Imperialism is the extension of a nation’s power over other lands.

3 acquire (v.) ได้รับ As European affairs grew tense, states sought to acquire colonies abroad in order to gain advantage over their rivals.

4 pitiable (adj.) น่าสงสาร, น่าเวทนา

5 erroneously (adj.) อย่างเข้าใจผิด

6 humanitarian (adj.) มีมนุษยธรรม Those who fail to participate in this great rivalry will play a pitiable role in time to come.

Racists erroneously believe that particular races are superior or inferior.

Some Europeans took a more religious and humanitarian approach to imperialism.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

7 evident (adj.) ปรากฏชัด, ชัดเจน The new imperialism of the late nineteenth century was evident in Southeast Asia.

8 steamship (n.) เรือกลไฟ

9 frontier (n.) ชายแดน In the new age of steamships, Singapore soon became a major stopping point for traffic going to or from China.

The difficult terrain along the frontier between Burma and China caused all their efforts to fail.

10 territory (n.) อาณาเขต

11 remarkable (adj.) เด่น, น่าจดจ�า The French eventually succeeded in making the Vietnamese ruler give up territories in the Mekong River delta

Two remarkable rulers were able to prevent imperialism from happening in Siam.

12 buffer state (n.) รัฐกันชน

13 obligation (n.) สัญญาผูกมัด

14 revolt (n.) ปฏิวัติ

15 peasant (n.) ชาวนา In 1896, Britain and France agreed to maintain Thailand as an independent buffer state between their possessions in Southeast Asia.

Believing it was his moral obligation to “civilize” other parts of the world, President William McKinley decided to turn the Philippines as its colony.

He began his revolt against the Spanish.

Sometimes, resistance to Western control took the form of peasant revolts.

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 1

UNIT 4 : INDEPENDENT STATES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

1 independence (n.) ความเป็นอิสระ, อิสรภาพ After World War II, most of the states of Southeast Asia received independence from their colonial rulers.

2 refusal (n.) ค�าปฏิเสธ

3 abandon (v.) สละ

4 suppress (v.) หยุดยั้ง

5 alliance (n.) พันธมิตร France’s refusal to let go of Indochina led to a long war in Vietnam.

The Netherlands and France were less willing to abandon their colonial empires in Southeast Asia.

The Dutch tried to suppress a new Indonesian republic that had been set up by Achmed Sukarno.

In August 1945, the Vietminh, an alliance of forces under Communist leadership, seized power throughout most of Vietnam.

6 guerrilla (n.) กองโจร, กองก�าลัง

7 troop (n.) กองทหาร South Vietnamese Communist guerrillas known as Viet Cong had territorial advantage than the US troops.

In March 1965, President Lyndon Johnson decided to send U.S. troops to South Vietnam to prevent a total victory of the Communists.

8 stalemate (n.) การคุมเชิงกันอยู่ By the end of the 1960s, the war had reached a stalemate neither side was able to make significant gains.

9 reunification (n.) การรวมตัวกันใหม่ (หลังจากแบ่งแยก) The reunification of Vietnam under Communist rule had an immediate impact on the region.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

10 brutal (adj.) โหดร้าย In Cambodia, a brutal revolutionary regime under the dictator Pol Pot arose after World War II.

11 revolutionary regime (n.) ระบอบปฏิวัติ In Cambodia, a brutal revolutionary regime under the dictator Pol Pot arose.

12 dispute (n.) ความขัดแย้ง

13 fraud (n.) การคดโกง Internal disputes within the new countries weakened democratic governments.

Fraud and corruption became widespread in the Marcos regime.

14 autocratic (adj.) ที่มีอ�านาจเด็ดขาด The new countries weakened democratic governments, and opened the door to both military and one-party autocratic regimes.

15 uprising (n.) การปฏิวัติ A massive public uprising forced Marcos to flee the country.