Science and Technology

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

VOCABULARY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIT 1 : LIVING AND NON-LIVING THINGS

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

1 classify (v.) จัดกลุ่ม Living things are placed into different groups so that it is easier to study them. There are many different features that scientists use to classify living things.

2 reproduce (v.) สืบพันธ์, แพร่พันธ์ุ All living things reproduce to ensure continuity of their own kind.

3 respond (v.) ตอบสนอง Animals respond quickly to change around them.

4 bacteria (n.) เชื้อโรค

5 herbivore (n.)

6 carnivore (n.) สัตว์ที่กินพืชเป็น อาหาร

สัตว์ที่กินเนื้อเป็น อาหาร The bacteria, in most cases, have no definite nucleus or central body. Animals need food to survive. Some are plant-eaters or herbivores.

Carnivores are animals that feed on other animals only.

7 omnivore (n.) สัตว์ที่กินพืชและ เนื้อ เป็นอาหาร Omnivores are animals that feed on both plants and other animals.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

8 life process (n.) กระบวนการมีชีวิต Living things need air, water and food for life process.

9 hibernation (n.) การจ�าศีล

Bears enter their dens for hibernation based on changes in weather. 10 air holes (n.) ช่องอากาศ Grasshopper and cockroach breathe through air holes.

11 scent (n.) กลิ่น The flowers give off a very pleasant scent.

12 ecosystem (n.) ระบบนิเวศ An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the non-living components of their environment.

13 biodiversity (n.) ความหลากหลาย ทางชีวภาพ

The variety of living things found in an ecosystem is called its biodiversity. 14 once alive (n.) เคยมีชีวิตมาก่อน An eraser is made of rubber, which was once alive.

15 never alive (n.) ไม่เคยมีชีวิต มาก่อน

16 give birth (v.) ออกลูกเป็นตัว

17 lay egg (v.) ออกลูกเป็นไข่ A plastic ruler is made of plastic, which was never alive.

Living things that give birth to their young alive follow a two-stage life cycle. Living things that lay eggs usually follow a three-stage cycle.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

18 stimuli (n.) สิ่งเร้า The ability to respond to changes enables living things to survive. Changes in the surroundings are known as stimuli.

19 diversity (n.) ความหลากหลาย There is a great variety or diversity of things in the world around us.

20 migrate (v.) อพยพ The Siberian crane migrates to warmer places in winter.

UNIT 2 : TYPES OF LIVING THINGS

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

1 fungi (n.) รา Fungi are like plants in some way. They are fixed in one position and slow to respond to change.

2 micro-organism (n.) จุลินทรีย์

3 mammal (n.) สัตว์เลี้ยงลูก ด้วยนม Micro-organisms are very tiny living things. They cannot be seen with the naked eye.

The whale is a very large mammal which lives in the sea.

4 reptile (n.) สัตว์เลื้อยคลาน Reptiles have dry and scaly skin.

5 amphibian (n.) สัตว์ครึ่งบกครึ่งน�้า A group of animals that live both on land and in water are called amphibians.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

6 flowering plant (n.) พืชดอก Most flowering plants bear flowers at certain times of the year under the right conditions.

7 non-flowering plant (n.) พืชไร้ดอก Non-flowering plants do not have any flowers at all.

8 fragrant (adj.) มีกลิ่นหอม

9 photosynthesis (n.) การสังเคราะห์ ด้วยแสง

10 moss (n.) มอสส์ The flowers are small, green and fragrant and are arranged in dense clusters.

Photosynthesis is a process by which plants can make their own food using air, water and sunlight.

Mosses are small flowerless plants that typically form dense green clumps or mats, often in damp or shady locations.

11 conifer (n.) ต้นสน The Conifers are cone-bearing seed plants.

12 aquatic plant (n.) พืชน�้า Aquatic plants are plants that grow in water. They can be found in ponds, lakes and seas.

13 floating plant (n.) พืชลอยน�้า Floating plants have roots that hang in the water but are not attached to the pond bottom.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

14 partially submerged plant (n.) พืชบางส่วนอยู่ใต้น�้า Plants that are partially submerged grow in shallow waters with their roots below the surface and their foliage and flowers visible above the water.

15 fully submerged plant (n.) พืชจมใต้น�้า Plants that grow completely under water are called fully submerged plants.

16 poisonous (adj.) เป็นพิษ Some mushrooms are good to eat but some are poisonous.

17 thorax (n.) ช่องอก The thorax is the midsection of an insect’s body.

18 abdomen (n.) ช่องท้อง The abdomen is one of the three main body segments of an insect.

19 spiracles (n.) ช่องหายใจ

20 microscope (n.) กล้องจุลทรรศน์

21 warm-blooded (adj.) เลือดอุ่น Insects breathe through spiracles on both sides of their thorax and abdomen.

A microscope is an instrument used to see very tiny organisms.

Mammals are warm-blooded animals. Their body temperatures remain relatively the same even when the temperature of the environment changes.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

22 cold-blooded (adj.) เลือดเย็น Reptiles are cold-blooded vertebrates that have been on the Earth for over 300 million years.

23 feathers (n.) ขนนก Bird’s bodies are coved with

feathers.

24 scales (n.) เกล็ด The body covering of fish are scales.

25 antenna (n.) หนวดของสัตว์ ที่ใช้สัมผัส Insects have antenna / feelers which are used to detect movements, sounds and scents around them.

26 decaying (adj.) การเน่าเปื่อย Fungi grow on dead and decaying plants and animals. 27 edible (adj.) ซึ่งใช้กินได้ Some mushrooms are edible.

28 inedible (adj.) ซึ่งกินไม่ได้ Inedible mushroom species maybe poisonous or have poor taste.

UNIT 3 : THE HUMAN BODY

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

1 cells (n.) เซลล์ Animals’ bodies are made up of cells.

2 tissue (n.) เนื้อเยื่อ Similar cells together make up a tissue.

3 organ (n.) อวัยวะ Different kinds of tissues make up an organ.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

4 organ system (n.) ระบบอวัยวะ Different organs work together to make an organ system. An organ system does one major job for the body.

5 digestive system (n.) ระบบย่อยอาหาร Digestion is carried out by the digestive system.

6 digested food (n.) อาหารที่ย่อยแล้ว The digested food in the small intestine is absorbed by your body.

7 undigested food (n.) อาหารที่ไม่ได้ย่อย Water is absorbed from the undigested food in the large intestine.

8 blood stream (n.) กระแสเลือด

9 digestion (n.) การย่อย

10 nutrient (n.) สารอาหาร

11 incisors (n.) ฟันหน้า The nutrients are transferred into the blood stream to be absorbed by the body.

The whole process of breaking down food into simple substances to be absorbed by the body is known as digestion.

Food and drink must be broken down into smaller molecules of nutrients before they can be absorbed into the body.

The incisors are the eight flat front teeth which cut the food into small pieces.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

12 canines (n.) ฟันเขี้ยว The canines pierce and tear food.

13 molars (n.) ฟันกรามด้านใน

14 saliva (n.) น�้าลาย The molars are the grinding teeth at the back of the mouth, grind the food into even smaller pieces.

Saliva is the liquid in the mouth which helps to moisten and soften the food.

15 salivary gland (n.) ต่อมน�้าลาย Saliva is a digestive juice made by the salivary glands. 16 gullet (n.) หลอดอาหาร The bolus of food moves down the gullet.

17 stomach (n.) กระเพาะอาหาร More digestive juices are added to digest proteins, as the stomach churns the food.

18 small intestine (n.) ล�าไส้เล็ก

19 large intestine (n.) ล�าไส้ใหญ่ Complete digestion takes place in the small intestine and the nutrients enter the bloodstream through capillaries that surround it.

Undigested food moves into the large intestine where water is absorbed.

20 digest (v.) ย่อย Avoid heavy foods that are difficult to digest.

21 rectum (n.) ไส้ตรง Waste is collected and stored in the rectum.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

22 anus (n.) รูทวารหนัก Faeces is forced out of the body through the anus.

23 skeletal system (n.) ระบบกระดูก The skeletal system supports the body, gives the body its shape and protects internal organs.

24 joint (n.) ข้อต่อ A joint is an area where bones meet.

25 skeleton (n.) โครงกระดูก All the bones in your body form a framework called skeleton.

26 spine / backbone (n.) กระดูกสันหลัง The backbone or spine runs from skull to the hips bone.

27 hinge joint (n.) ข้อต่อบานพับ The hinge joint allows movements in a single plane. An example of this joint can be found in your knee.

28 ball and socket joints (n.) ลูกและข้อต่อ ซ๊อกเก็ต

29 pivot joint (n.) ข้อต่อเดือย The ball and socket joint allows freedom of movement in several directions. It can be found at the shoulder joint.

The degree of freedom of movement allowed by a pivot joint lies somewhat between that of ball and socket and hinge joint

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

30 muscular system (n.) ระบบกล้ามเนื้อ The muscular system works with the skeletal system to move the different parts of the body.

31 skeletal muscles (n.) กล้ามเนื้อลาย The skeletal muscles work together with bones to give body strength and the ability to move.

32 cardiac muscles (n.) กล้ามเนื้อหัวใจ

33 smooth muscles (n.) กล้ามเนื้อเรียบ The muscles that make up the heart are called cardiac muscles.

Our brain and body tell the smooth muscles what to do without even thinking about them.

34 bicep (n.)

35 triceps (n.) กล้ามเนื้อด้านหน้า ของแขนส่วนบน To bend your arm, the biceps contract. At the same time, the triceps relax, allowing your arm to be pulled into position.

กล้ามเนื้อด้านหลัง ของแขนส่วนบน To straighten your arm, the triceps contract while biceps relaxes allowing your arm to stretch out.

36 excretory system (n.) ระบบขับถ่าย The excretory system filters the blood to remove wastes that could be harmful to the body.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

37 kidney (n.) ไต The kidneys are the main organs of the excretory system.

38 ureter (n.) ท่อไต Ureter is a muscular tube whose sole function is to carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

39 bladder (n.) กระเพาะปัสสาวะ Bladder stores urine until it is expelled from the body.

40 urethra (n.) ท่อปัสสาวะ The urethra is a tube that arises from the urinary bladder and functions to expel urine to the outside.

41 filter (v.) กรอง One of the main jobs of the kidneys is to filter the waste out of the blood.

42 urine (n.) น�้าปัสสาวะ

43 nervous system (n.) ระบบประสาท The waste that is collected combines with water (which is also filtered out of the kidneys) to make urine. The nervous system helps different parts of our body to communicate and allows our brain to control what is going on.

44 nerves (n.) เส้นประสาท The nerves carry the messages to and from the body, so the brain can interpret them and take action.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

45 spinal cord (n.) ไขกระดูกสันหลัง The brain is the control center and the spinal cord is the major highway to and from the brain.

46 circulatory system (n.) ระบบหมุนเวียน เลือด

47 respiratory system (n.) ระบบหายใจ The circulatory system carries food, water and oxygen to all parts of the body.

The respiratory system supplies the body with the oxygen it needs and remove unwanted carbon dioxide.

UNIT 4 : PARENTS AND THEIR OFFSPRING

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

1 extinct (adj. ) สูญพันธุ์ If any plant or animal do not reproduce, it will become extinct.

2 endangered (adj.) สิ่งมีชีวิต ที่ใกล้สูญพันธุ์

3 life cycle (n.) วงจรชีวิต

4 fertilization (n.) ปฏิสนธิ Endangered animals are animals that are seriously at risk of becoming extinct.

A life cycle is a series of development that happens to all living things.

Fertilization is the process by which sperm of the male unites with the female egg.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

5 metamorphosis (n.) การเปลี่ยนแปลง รูปร่างหรือลักษณะ

6 incomplete metamorphosis (n.) การเปลี่ยนแปลง รูปร่างแบบไม่ สมบูรณ์ Some young animals go through several stages before changing into adults. This is known as metamorphosis.

Dragonflies, grasshoppers, and true bugs undergo incomplete metamorphosis.

7 complete metamorphosis (n.) การเปลี่ยนแปลง รูปร่างแบบ สมบูรณ์ The life cycle of an organism that undergoes complete metamorphosis consists of four stages the egg, the larva, the pupa and the adult.

8 cocoon (n.) รังไหม The caterpillar forms a shell called a cocoon around its body.

9 larva ( n.) ตัวอ่อนของสัตว์ A larva usually looks like a worm.

10 pupa (n.) ดักแด้ A pupa does not feed or move around much.

11 nymph (n.) ตัวอ่อนแมลง A nymph eats and molt many times as it grows.

12 resemble (v.) คล้ายคลึง

13 heredity (n.) การถ่ายทอดทาง พันธุกรรม Some animals have young that do not resemble their parents.

Heredity is the passing down of traits or characteristics from parents to offspring.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

14 egg yolk (n.) ไข่แดง The embryo feeds on egg yolk as it grows inside the shell.

15 albumen (n.) ไข่ขาว The white or albumen forms as the yolk continues down the oviduct.

16 embryo (n.) ตัวอ่อน The fertilized egg can develop into an embryo. 17 moult (v.) ลอกคราบ A caterpillar moults several times at larval stage.

18 chrysalis (n.) ดักแด้ The pupa of a butterfly is usually naked and is referred to as chrysalis.

19 breathing tube (n.) ท่ออากาศ

20 wriggler (n.) ตัวอ่อนของยุง

21 germination (n.) การแตกหน่อ The larval stage of mosquito obtains oxygen through a breathing tube.

A wriggler feed on microorganisms in the water until it develops into a pupa.

The growth of a seed into a young plant or a seedling is called germination.

22 seedling (n.) ต้นอ่อน A seedling is a young plant developing out of a plant embryo from a seed.

23 seed leaves (n.) ใบเลี้ยง The seedling uses the food in the seed leaves to grow.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

24 bulb (n.) หัว A bulb is a shortened, compressed, underground stem which is surrounded by leaves.

UNIT 5 : MATERIALS

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition

1 material (n.) วัสดุ

Sentence

Materials are the matter or substance that objects are made from.

2 titanium (n.) ไทเทเนียม Titanium is used by doctors to replace our bones. It is strong enough to support the weight of our body.

3 stretchable (adj.) ยืดหยุ่น Fabric is soft, flexible and stretchable.

4 physical properties (n.) คุณสมบัติทาง กายภาพ We choose materials for different uses based on their physical properties.

5 conductor (n.) ตัวน�า Most metals, like iron and copper, are electrical conductors.

6 insulator (n.) ฉนวน Insulator is a material such as glass with negligible electrical or heat conductivity.

7 transparent (adj.) โปร่งใส Glass and water are transparent.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

8 hardness (n.) ความแข็ง Hardness is a measure of how hard a material is.

9 strength (n.) ความแข็งแรง Strength is an especially important property in materials used for building and other structures.

10 flexible (adj.) ยืดหยุ่น Rubber is flexible. It can bend and will not break.

11 sink (v.) จม A piece of lead will sink in water.

12 float (v.) ลอย Ships float higher in sea water than in fresh water because salt makes the sea water denser.

13 metal (n.) โลหะ All metals occur naturally in the ground.

14 rubber (n.) ยาง Rubber comes from the sap of rubber trees.

15 leather (n.) หนังสัตว์

16 glass (n.) แก้ว The leather is cut and sewn to make shoes, clothes, belts and bags.

Glass is made from silica, a hard substance found in sand.

17 ceramic (n.) เซรามิก Ceramics can be as strong as steel and can withstand extremely high temperatures.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

18 plastic (n.) พลาสติก Plastics are man-made materials.

UNIT 6 : NATURAL RESOURCES No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition

1 natural resources (n.) แหล่งทรัพยากร ธรรมชาติ

2 renewable resource (n.) ทรัพยากร หมุนเวียน

3 non-renewable resource (n.) ทรัพยากรที่ไม่ สามารถสร้าง ทดแทนได้

4 ozone (n.) โอโซน

5 global warming (n.) ภาวะโลกร้อน

6 pollution (n.) มลพิษ

Sentence

The things that we use every day are made from raw materials. They are known as natural resources.

Renewable resources are resources which can be replaced by nature over a period of time.

Many things we use every day are made from non-renewable resources.

Air pollution caused by some harmful gases reduces the amount of ozone in the atmosphere. Burning of fuels also releases some gases that can result in the Earth become warmer. Scientists call this global warming. The activities that make the air, water and land dirty by adding harmful substances is called pollution.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

7 domestic sewage (n.) น�้าเสียจากบ้าน เรือน Domestic sewage from houses is often thrown into river and lakes without taking out all the harmful things in it.

8 soil erosion (n.) พังทลายของดิน The fertile top soil gets easily washed away by rainwater and carried away by wind is called soil erosion.

9 livestock (n.) ปศุสัตว์ Livestock provides us with milk, meat, eggs, wool, leather and many other things.

10 mineral (n.) แร่ Minerals are important natural resources.

11 petroleum (n.) ปิโตรเลียม

12 coal (n.) ถ่านหิน Petroleum is a black liquid mineral dug out from deep under the Earth.

Coal is a fuel which is dug out from the Earth coal mines.

13 fertile (adj.) สมบรูณ์

14 kerosene (n.) น�้ามันก๊าด A fertile soil contains all the major nutrients for basic plant nutrition.

Fuels such as kerosene, diesel and cooking gas are obtained from under the Earth.

No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence

15 cosmetics (n.) เครื่องส�าอาง

16 conservation (n.) การอนุรักษ์ Plastic and cosmetics are also obtained from petroleum. Conservation is the prevention of wasteful use of resources.

17 wild animal (n.) สัตว์ป่า Wild animals are animals that live in the forest.