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Social Studies
SOCIAL STUDIES
VOCABULARY SOCIAL STUDIES
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GEOGRAPHY UNIT 1 : PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE CENTRAL REGION
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
1 administrative (adj.) ปกครอง Thailand is divided into 77
administrative areas.
2 occupy (v.)
3 delta (n.) ครอบครอง, กิน (เนื้อที่)
ดินดอนสาม เหลี่ยมปากแม่น�้า The Central Region occupies roughly one fifth of the total land area of the country.
The Central Region lies on the Chao Phraya river delta.
4 terrain (n.) ภูมิประเทศ, พื้นที่ The fertile soil and flat terrain of the delta makes it ideal for traditional rice cultivation.
5 cluster (v.) รวมกันเป็นกลุ่ม
6 density (n.) ความหนาแน่น The most fertile land in the region are clustered around the middle delta area and the northern part of the region.
The population density in the Central Region is higher than in any other region of Thailand.
7 rural (adj.) ชนบท In the rural areas, villages run parallel to the rivers.
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
8 urban (adj.) ในเมือง In the urban areas, settlements run parallel to the roads.
9 topography (n.) การศึกษาลักษณะ ภูมิประเทศ Topography is the study of the height and shape of the land.
10 climate (n.) ภูมิอากาศ The study of temperature, rainfall, air pressure, wind and storms is called climate.
11 hydrology (n.) อุทกวิทยา Hydrology is the study of water. 12 pedology (n.) ปฐพีวิทยา The study of soil is called pedology.
13 geology (n.) ธรณีวิทยา Geology is the study of rocks and minerals found under the soil layers.
14 bio-geography (n.) ชีวภูมิศาสตร์
15 paddy field (n.) นาข้าว
16 river basin (n.) ลุ่มแม่น�้า The study of the links between living things and the physical environment is called bio-geography.
The Central Region is mostly low, flat land with large areas that are covered with wet rice paddy fields.
A river basin is a gently slopping area with a river that is flowing downhill towards sea level.
17 empty into (v.) ไหลลงสู่ The rivers in the Central Region began in higher land and will empty into the Gulf of Thailand.
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
18 flood plain (n.) ที่ราบน�้าท่วมถึง A flood plain is a flat area on both sides of a river.
19 sediment (n.) ตะกอน
20 overflow (v.) ไหลล้น, ไหลบ่า, ท่วม The sediments are little bits of sand and minerals that float in the water.
The rivers often overflow their banks and flood the near by land on both sides of the bank.
21 recede (v.) ถดถอย
When the flood water recedes the sediments sink to the ground leaving nutrients in the soil. 22 limestone (n.) หินปูน Most mountains in the Central Region are made of limestone. 23 monsoon (n.) ลมมรสุม The Central Region has a sub-tropical monsoon climate.
24 manufacture (v.) ผลิต, ท�า, สร้าง Industry needs large amount of water to manufacture things.
25 plenty (n.) อุดมสมบูรณ์, จ�านวนมาก In the Central Region, there is plenty of natural water for our needs.
26 reservoir (n.) อ่างเก็บน�้า
27 mining (n.) การท�าเหมือง The reservoirs and dams at Chao Phraya Dam in Chainat hold a lot of water for electricity, agriculture and people’s needs.
Mining is the word used to describe what people do to remove valuable minerals or other resources from the earth.
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
28 conserve (v.) รักษา, อนุรักษ์, สงวน
The trees in a forest conserve water in the soil. 29 flood (n.) น�้าท่วม, อุทกภัย Rain can cause flash floods. 30 drought (n.) ความแห้งแล้ง Usually flash flood is followed by drought.
31 approximately (adv.) ประมาณ, คร่าวๆ The Central Region has approximately 23.5% of the total forests of Thailand.
32 orchard (n.) สวนผลไม้ An orchard is not a natural environment because the trees are being planted for fruits and nuts.
UNIT 2 : THE NATURAL RESOURCES OF THE CENTRAL REGION
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
1 dominate (v.) ครอบง�า, มีอ�านาจเหนือ The basin is dominated by the flood-plain of the Chao Phraya River.
2 annual (adj.) ประจ�าปี, ทุกปี The annual flood in the rainy season puts nutrients back into the soil.
3 edge (n.) ขอบ, ริม, สัน
4 dissolve (v.) ละลาย, สลาย Many areas at the edge of the mountains have soils which come from dissolved limestone.
Many areas at the edge of the mountains have soils which come from dissolved limestone.
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
5 acidic soil (n.) ดินเปรี้ยว There are a few areas with acidic soil which is not good for cultivation.
6 cultivation (n.) การเพาะปลูก The areas on the flood-plains of the rivers are good for cultivation.
7 merge (v.) รวมกัน, ประสาน The Ping, the Wang, the Yom and the Nan rivers merge into one river in Nakhon Sawan to become the Chao Phraya River.
8 originate (v.) เริ่ม, ก่อ, เกิด The Pa Sak River originates in the Phetchabun Mountain in Loei.
9 separate (v.) แยก, แบ่งแยก The Tha Chin River separates from the Chao Phraya River in Chainat and Uthai Thani.
10 trap (v.) กักไว้, ดักไว้
11 sponge (n.) ฟองน�้า
12 abundant (adj.) มากมาย, อุดมสมบูรณ์, ล้นเหลือ Underground water comes from surface water which is trapped in the soil between layers of rock.
The soil acts like a sponge to trap and hold water in spaces between the particles of the soil.
Underground water is abundant in the rainy season but decreases in the dry season.
13 filter (n.) เครื่องกรอง Many layers of soil and rock work as a natural filter.
14 irrigation (n.) การชลประทาน, การทดน�้า Irrigation is a man-made system that allows plants to get water in areas where there is low rainfall.
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
15 attach (v.) ติด, จับ, รวม Farmers dig canals and set up sprinklers attached to a system of pipes in the fields.
16 shoreline (n.) แนวชายฝั่ง, ชายฝั่ง Mangrove forests are homes for animals and protect the shoreline from erosion.
17 erosion (n.) การกัดกร่อน, การกัดเซาะ Mangrove forests are homes for animals and protect the shoreline from erosion.
18 precious stone (n.) เพชรพลอย, รัตนชาติ Precious stones such as sapphire and ruby are used in the fashion industry to produce expensive jewelry.
19 fossil fuel (n.) เชื้อเพลิงฟอสซิล Fossil fuels are raw materials used for generating energy.
20 spoil (v.) เน่าเสีย Some resources will spoil quickly such as milk and fresh fruits.
21 barge (n.)
22 bulky (adj.) เรือบรรทุก, เรือท้องแบน
ที่มีขนาดใหญ่ เทอะทะ
23 urgently (adv.) โดยด่วน Heavy materials such as sand are transported by barge along the rivers.
Trains are often used to carry bulky things like farm equipment or dangerous products.
Goods which are valuable or are needed urgently are transported by air.
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
24 patient (n.) คนไข้, ผู้ป่วย
25 migrate (v.) ย้าย, อพยพ Sometimes, doctors can save someone’s life by using helicopters to carry organs, blood and patients to hospitals.
If the natural resources are removed from an area, the people may be forced to migrate to other parts of the region in search of ways to earn a living.
UNIT 3 : THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTS IN THE CENTRAL REGION
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
1 settle (v.) ตั้งถิ่นฐาน, ตั้งรกราก Most people in the past settled by the rivers or near the coast.
2 avoid (v.) หลีกเลี่ยง People built houses on high posts to avoid the floods.
3 livestock (n.) ปศุสัตว์ In areas which have drier weather, grass grows well and the main job is raising livestock such as cattle, buffaloes, pigs, ducks and chickens.
4 food preference (n.) การเลือกอาหาร, การเลือกบริโภค In each region of Thailand, people have different food preferences.
5 identify (v.) ระบุ, จ�าแนก You can identify some regions by their styles of food.
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
6 custom (n.) ขนบธรรมเนียม
7 tradition (n.) ประเพณี
8 aspect (n.) ด้าน, มุมมอง Some customs and traditions come from the cycles of the natural environment, for example Songkran and Loy Krathong.
Some customs and traditions come from the cycles of the natural environment, for example Songkran and Loy Krathong.
Other aspects of life are also influenced by the natural environment.
9 crisscross (v.) ไขว้, ตัดกัน The Central Region is a wide, lowland, flood-plain with fertile soil that is crisscrossed by the rivers.
10 terrace (n.)
11 domestic (adj.)
12 recreation (n.) ที่ราบแบบ ขั้นบันได
ในบ้าน, ในประเทศ, ในท้องถิ่น
การพักผ่อน หย่อนใจ A hill slope that is cut away to make a flat shelf for rice growing is called a terrace.
In the Central Region, domestic animals are still used for work and being sold for food.
Some people make their living as running tourist guides, providing tours for people who want to fish for recreation.
13 rig (n.) แท่นขุดเจาะน�้ามัน People who work in the oil and natural gas business sometimes live right on the oil rigs where they work.
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
14 attract (v.) ดึงดูด, จูงใจ
15 interaction (n.) ปฏิกิริยา
16 outspread (adj.) ขยายออก, กระจายออก Bangkok attracts millions of tourists who want to see ancient buildings, enjoy Thai lifestyle, food, shop at the markets or enjoy nightlife.
The interaction between these different cultures make the society more interesting and exciting.
People have built their houses outspread along both banks of the rivers or canals.
17 status (n.) สถานภาพ, ต�าแหน่ง, ยศ The size of houses depends on the status of the house’s owner.
18 native (adj.) มีมาแต่ก�าเนิด, พื้นเมือง The traditional native dresses of the Thais in the Central Region are simple.
19 heritage (n.) มรดก Traditional music is the most important during festivals and it is a part of Thai heritage.
20 self-defence (n.) การป้องกันตัวเอง Traditional sports include self-defence arts such as sword-fencing and Thai boxing.
UNIT 4 : POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENTS IN THE CENTRAL REGION
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
1 consist (v.) ประกอบด้วย The natural environment consists of both living and non-living things.
2 livelihood (n.) การด�ารงชีวิต, การท�ามาหากิน People depend on the natural environment to improve their livelihoods and ways of life.
3 valuable (adj.) มีค่า, เป็นประโยชน์
4 advantage (n.) ประโยชน์
5 radioactive (adj.) เกี่ยวกับ กัมมันตภาพรังสี Minerals are natural resources which are valuable and important.
Countries which have plenty of mineral resources have economic advantages.
Radioactive minerals are used in medicine, food preservation and energy production.
6 ornament (n.) เครื่องประดับ Decorative minerals are used for making ornaments such as rings, necklaces and bracelets.
7 rust (n.) สนิม Some metal is used to coat the other metals in protection against rust.
8 marble (n.) หินอ่อน Marble is polished and used as flooring in buildings and artwork.
9 gravel (n.) กรวด, หินเล็กๆ Gravel is used for construction and in the landscape business.
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
10 loose (adj.) ร่วน, หลวม, ไม่แน่น
11 occur (v.) เกิดขึ้น
12 against (prep.) ต้าน, ขัดต่อ
13 addict (n.) ผู้ติดยาเสพติด When sand is mixed with clay, it makes the soil loose and suitable for growing crops.
Sometimes problems occur in some environment where people live.
Drugs can cause the people who need them to do things which are against the law.
Addicts lack a sense of responsibility, disrupt family life and cause crimes.
14 cooperate (v.) ร่วมมือ Cooperate with officials and the community to prevent and solve drug problems.
15 counseling (n.) การให้ค�าปรึกษา Help addicts find medical help and counseling.
16 litter (n.) ขยะ Litter causes environmental problems.
17 annoyance (n.) ความร�าคาญ, สิ่งที่รบกวน Litter causes annoyance to people who see and smell it.
18 exhaust pipe (n.) ท่อไอเสีย
19 odorless (adj.) ที่ไม่มีกลิ่น, ไร้กลิ่น Toxic substances flow out of the exhaust pipes from the cars into the air.
Carbon monoxide is a colorless and odorless gas.
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
20 crime (n.) อาชญากรรม Crimes can happen in markets, on streets, in cars, in business and private homes.
ECONOMICS UNIT 1 : INCOME AND EXPENDITURE
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
1 income (n.) รายได้ Mr.Tan earns income from working.
2 salary (n.) เงินเดือน Mr.Tan gets salary about 100,000 baht.
3 earn (v.) ได้รับ Mr.Tan earns about 100,000 baht every month.
4 allowance (n.) เบี้ยเลี้ยง
5 expenditure (n.) รายจ่าย Mr.Tan’s father gave a small allowance to him when he was young.
Expenditure is the money that is spent on buying goods and services a person needs or wants.
6 saving (n.) การออม The money that is put aside for the future is called saving.
7 debt (n.) หนี้สิน Mr.Tan gets into debt from his borrowing money from his close friend.
8 firm (n.) บริษัท, ธุรกิจ Mr.Tan works for a firm and earns income from a firm.
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
9 expense (n.) ค่าใช้จ่าย Mr.Tan’s expenses are 15,000 baht for his condominium, 10,000 baht on food, and 10,000 baht on other expenses.
10 budget (n.) งบประมาณ
11 satisfy (v.) ตอบสนองความ ต้องการ, ท�าให้พอใจ A plan on how to spend one’s income wisely is known as a budget.
People try to make the best use of their income so that their needs and wants are satisfied.
12 emergency (n.) ภาวะเร่งด่วน, ภาวะฉุกเฉิน People also need to save some part of their income for the future or for emergencies.
13 wisely (adv.) อย่างฉลาด A plan on how to spend one’s income wisely is known as a budget.
14 contribute (v.) มีส่วนช่วย We can use our income to contribute to others.
15 invest (v.) ลงทุน We can invest our saving in a house, real estate, bonds, etc.
UNIT 2 : COSTS AND PROFITS
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
1 require (v.) ต้องการ The resources that are required to produce goods or services are known as factors of production.
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
2 manufacturer (n.) ผู้ผลิต
A manufacturer needs a large area of land, building and good transport facilities to set up his factory. 3 rent (n.) ค่าเช่า Mr.Tan pays rent to the owner of condominium every month. 4 labour (n.) แรงงาน Labour is the work done by people to make a business work.
5 necessary (adj.) จ�าเป็น Skilled workers have the necessary skills, education and training to do specialised jobs.
6 specialised (adj.) ที่ช�านาญ/ เชี่ยวชาญเป็น พิเศษ
Skilled workers have the necessary skills, education and training to do specialised jobs. 7 wage (n.) ค่าจ้าง The money paid to the workers for their labour is called wages.
8 capital (n.) ทุน
Capital refers to man-made resources like money, cash, machinery, etc. 9 stock (n.) คลังสินค้า Stock is the supply of things that is available for use.
10 inventory (n.) รายการของสินค้า, สินค้าคงคลัง Stock refers to goods or the inventory that are available for a company or business to use and sell.
11 interest (n.) ดอกเบี้ย Mr.Tan receives interest from saving money in the bank.
No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence
12 perishable (adj.) เน่าเปื่อยได้ Some kinds of stock are perishable that will expire or become unusable like meat, fruits, milk, etc.
13 entrepreneur (n.) ผู้ประกอบการ The entrepreneur is a person who starts the business.
14 organise (v.) ท�าให้เป็นระบบ, จัดตั้ง The entrepreneur has an idea and organises the other three factors of production.
15 risk (n.) ความเสี่ยง The entrepreneur takes the risk to start a business.
16 cost (n.) ต้นทุน The total sum of money required for production of goods and services is called cost.
17 revenue (n.) รายได้
18 cost of production (n.) ต้นทุนการผลิต
19 profit (n.) ก�าไร
20 loss (n.) การขาดทุน Revenue is the amount of money that a person, company or government receives regularly from selling goods or services.
The cost incurred during the manufacture of goods or service is known as the cost of production.
When the total revenue is more than the cost of production is called profit.
There will be a loss if the total expenditure is more than total revenue.
